tom_sentence_parses sequencelengths 1 7 | text stringlengths 4 1.13k |
|---|---|
[
"(S (PP (IN In) (NP (DT some) (NNS societies))) (, ,) (NP (NNS people)) (VP (VBP think) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (NN art)) (VP (VBZ belongs) (PP (IN to) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN person)) (SBAR (WHNP (WP who)) (S (VP (VBD made) (NP (PRP it))))))))))) (. .))",
"(S (NP (PRP They)) (VP (VBP think) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (DT the) (NN artist)) (VP (VBD put) (NP (PRP$ his) (CC or) (PRP$ her) (`` \") (NN talent) ('' \") (CC and) (NN industry)) (PP (IN into) (NP (DT the) (NN art))))))) (. .))",
"(S (PP (IN In) (NP (DT this) (NN view))) (, ,) (NP (DT the) (NN art)) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (NP (NP (DT the) (NN property)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (NN artist)))) (, ,) (VP (VBN protected) (PP (IN by) (NP (NN copyright)))))) (. .))"
] | In some societies, people say that art belongs to the person who made it. They say that the artist put his or her "talent" and industry into the art. In this view, the art is the property of the artist, protected by copyright. |
[
"(S (PP (IN In) (NP (JJ other) (NNS societies))) (, ,) (NP (NNS people)) (VP (VBP think) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (NN art)) (VP (VBZ belongs) (PP (IN to) (NP (DT no) (CD one))))))) (. .))",
"(S (NP (PRP They)) (VP (VBP think) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (NN society)) (VP (VBZ has) (VP (VBN put) (NP (PRP$ its) (JJ social) (NN capital)) (PP (IN into) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN artist)) (CC and) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN artist) (POS 's)) (NN work))))))))) (. .))",
"(S (PP (IN In) (NP (DT this) (NN view))) (, ,) (NP (NN society)) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (NP (DT a) (NN collective)) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT that)) (S (VP (VBZ has) (VP (VBN made) (NP (DT the) (NN art)) (, ,) (PP (IN through) (NP (DT the) (NN artist))))))))) (. .))"
] | In other societies, people say that art belongs to no one. They say that society has put its social capital into the artist and the artist's work. In this view, society is a collective that has made the art, through the artist. |
[
"(S (NP (DT The) (JJ Aboriginal) (NNS people)) (VP (VBD did) (RB not) (VP (VB think) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (DT the) (NN land)) (VP (VBD belonged) (PP (IN to) (NP (PRP them)))))))) (. .))",
"(S (S (NP (PRP They)) (VP (VBD believed) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (PRP they)) (VP (VBD had) (VP (VBN grown) (PP (IN from) (NP (DT the) (NN land))))))))) (, ,) (IN so) (S (S (NP (PRP it)) (VP (VBD was) (PP (IN like) (NP (PRP$ their) (NN mother))))) (, ,) (CC and) (S (NP (PRP they)) (VP (VBD belonged) (PP (IN to) (NP (DT the) (NN land)))))) (. .))"
] | The Aboriginal people did not say that the land belonged to them. They said that they had grown from the land, so it was like their mother, and they belonged to the land. |
[
"(S (ADVP (IN At) (RB last)) (NP (PRP they)) (VP (VBD sailed) (PP (IN into) (NP (NP (DT a) (JJ large) (JJ open) (NN bay)) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT which)) (S (VP (VBD was) (ADJP (JJ full) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (NN fish) (CC and) (NNS stingrays)) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT which)) (S (NP (DT the) (NNS sailors)) (VP (VBD speared) (PP (IN for) (NP (NN food))))))))))))))) (. .))",
"(S (NP (NP (NNP Joseph) (NNP Banks)) (CC and) (NP (NNP Dr.) (NNP Solander))) (VP (VP (VBD went) (ADVP (RB ashore))) (CC and) (VP (VBD were) (ADJP (VBN astonished) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB find) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (PRP they)) (VP (VBD did) (RB not) (VP (VB know) (SBAR (WHNP (WP what)) (S (NP (NP (DT any)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (DT the) (NNS plants) (CC or) (NNS birds) (CC or) (NNS animals)) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT that)) (S (NP (PRP they)) (VP (VBD saw))))))) (VP (VBD were)))))))))))))) (. .))",
"(S (NP (PRP They)) (VP (VBD collected) (NP (NP (NP (NNS hundreds)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NNS plants)))) (SBAR (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB take) (ADVP (RB back)) (PP (IN to) (NP (NNP England))))))))) (. .))"
] | At last they sailed into a large open bay which was full of fish and stingrays which the sailors speared for food. Joseph Banks and Dr. Solander went ashore and were astonished to find that they did not know what any of the plants or birds or animals that they saw were. |
[
"(S (NP (EX There)) (VP (VBD was) (NP (NP (NP (DT no) (HYPH -) (NN one)) (PP (IN among) (NP (DT the) (NNS convicts)))) (SBAR (WHNP (WP who)) (S (VP (VBD was) (NP (NP (DT a) (NN builder)) (, ,) (NP (DT a) (NN brick) (HYPH -) (NN maker)) (CC or) (NP (DT a) (NN blacksmith)))))))) (. .))",
"(S (NP (DT No) (HYPH -) (NN one)) (VP (VBD knew) (SBAR (WHADVP (WRB how)) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB fix) (NP (DT the) (NNS tools)))))) (SBAR (WHADVP (WRB when)) (S (NP (PRP they)) (VP (VBD broke))))) (. .))",
"(S (NP (NP (DT All)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (NNS cattle)))) (VP (VBD escaped)) (. .))"
] | There was no-one among the convicts who was a builder, a brick-maker or a blacksmith. No-one said how to fix the tools when they broke. All of the cattle escaped. |
[
"(S (NP (EX There)) (VP (VBD were) (NP (DT no) (NN cooking) (NNS pots))) (. .))",
"(S (S (NP (PDT All) (DT the) (NNS plants)) (VP (VBD were) (ADJP (JJ different)))) (IN so) (S (NP (DT no) (HYPH -) (NN one)) (VP (VBD knew) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT which) (NNS ones)) (S (VP (MD could) (VP (VB be) (VP (VBN eaten)))))))) (. .))",
"(S (NP (NP (PRP It))) (VP (VBD was) (ADJP (JJ probable)) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (NP (NN everyone)) (PP (IN in) (NP (DT the) (JJ new) (NN colony)))) (VP (MD would) (VP (VB die) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN starvation)))))))) (. .))"
] | There were no cooking pots. All the plants were different so no-one said which ones could be eaten. It was probable that everyone in the new colony would die of starvation. |
[
"(S (SBAR (IN Because) (S (NP (NNP Australia)) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (PDT such) (DT a) (ADJP (RB very) (JJ large)) (NN land))))) (, ,) (NP (NP (PRP it))) (VP (VBD was) (ADJP (JJ easy)) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB think) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (PRP it)) (VP (MD might) (VP (VB be) (ADJP (JJ able) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB hold) (NP (NP (DT a) (ADJP (RB very) (JJ large)) (NN number)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NNS people)))))))))))))))) (. .))",
"(S (PP (IN In) (NP (NP (DT the) (JJ early) (NNS days)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (NN colony))))) (, ,) (NP (NP (DT a) (JJ great) (NN number)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NNS explorers)))) (VP (VBD went) (ADVP (RB out)) (, ,) (S (VP (VBG searching) (PP (IN for) (NP (NP (JJ good) (NN land)) (SBAR (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB settle) (PP (IN on))))))))))) (. .))"
] | Because Australia is such a very large land, it was easy to say that it might be able to hold a very large number of people. In the early days of the colony, a great number of explorers went out, searching for good land to settle on. |
[
"(S (NP (NNS People)) (ADVP (RB often)) (VP (VBP think) (SBAR (S (NP (NNS words)) (VP (VBP are) (NP (NNS abbreviations))))) (SBAR (WHADVP (WRB when)) (S (PP (IN in) (NP (NN fact))) (NP (PRP they)) (VP (VBP are) (NP (NNS acronyms)))))) (. .))"
] | People often say words are abbreviations when in fact they are acronyms. |
[
"(S (NP (NP (DT The) (NN name)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (NP (DT the) (NN part)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (NML (NNP United) (NNPS States)) (NN government)))) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT that)) (S (VP (VBZ sends) (NP (NNS rockets)) (PP (IN into) (NP (JJ outer) (NN space))))))))) (VP (VP (VBZ is) (NP (NNP NASA)) (, ,) (PP (IN from) (NP (NP (DT the) (NNS words)) (`` \") (NP (NNP National) (NML (NNP Aeronautics) (CC and) (NNP Space)) (NNP Administration))))) (. \")) (. .))",
"(S (SBAR (WHADVP (WRB When)) (S (NP (NP (NNS people)) (VP (VBG using) (NP (DT the) (NNP Internet)))) (VP (VBP think) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (NN something)) (VP (VBZ is) (ADJP (RB very) (JJ funny)))))))) (, ,) (NP (PRP they)) (ADVP (RB sometimes)) (VP (VP (VBP write) (`` \") (NP (NN LOL)) ('' \") (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB mean) (`` \") (S (VP (VBG Laughing) (PRT (RP Out)) (ADJP (JJ Loud)))))))) (. \")) (. .))",
"(S (NP (NNS People)) (ADVP (RB sometimes)) (VP (VBP write) (`` \") (NP (NNP ASAP)) ('' \") (PP (PP (IN for) (`` \") (ADVP (RB As) (RB Soon) (PP (IN As) (ADJP (JJ Possible))))) ('' \"))) (. .))"
] | The name of the part of the United States government that sends rockets into outer space is NASA, from the words "National Aeronautics and Space Administration". When people using the Internet say that something is very funny, they sometimes write "LOL" to mean "Laughing Out Loud". People sometimes write "ASAP" for "As Soon As Possible". |
[
"(S (NP (NN Ad) (NNS hominems)) (VP (VBP are) (RB not) (ADJP (JJ wrong)) (NP (DT every) (NN time))) (. .))",
"(S (PP (IN For) (NP (NN example))) (, ,) (SBAR (WHADVP (WRB when)) (S (NP (NNS people)) (VP (VBP think) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (NN someone)) (VP (MD ca) (RB n't) (VP (VB be) (VP (VBN trusted))))))))) (, ,) (NP (NP (NNS things)) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT that)) (S (NP (PRP they)) (VP (VBP have) (VP (VBN said) (ADVP (RB previously))))))) (VP (MD can) (VP (VB be) (VP (VBN doubted)))) (. .))"
] | Ad hominems are not wrong every time. For example, when people say that someone can't be trusted, things that they have said previously can be doubted. |
[
"(S (SBAR (WHADVP (WRB When)) (S (NP (NNP Christopher) (NNP Columbus)) (VP (VBD explored)))) (, ,) (NP (PRP he)) (VP (VBD did) (RB not) (VP (VB know) (PP (IN about) (NP (DT the) (NNPS Americas))))) (. .))",
"(S (S (NP (PRP He)) (VP (VP (VBD was) (PP (IN in) (NP (DT the) (NNP Caribbean)))) (CC but) (VP (VBD thought) (SBAR (S (NP (PRP he)) (VP (VBD was) (PP (IN in) (NP (DT the) (NNP East) (NNPS Indies))))))))) (, ,) (IN so) (S (NP (PRP he)) (VP (VBD called) (NP (DT the) (NNS people)) (S (NP (NNPS Indians))))) (. .))"
] | When Christopher Columbus explored, he did not know about the Americas. He was in the Caribbean but said he was in the East Indies, so he called the people Indians. |
[
"(S (NP (DT An) (JJ Abrahamic) (NN religion)) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (NP (DT a) (NN religion)) (SBAR (WHNP (WP$ whose) (NNS followers)) (S (VP (VBP believe) (PP (IN in) (NP (DT the) (NN prophet) (NNP Abraham)))))))) (. .))",
"(S (NP (PRP They)) (VP (VBP believe) (SBAR (S (NP (NP (NNP Abraham)) (CC and) (NP (PRP$ his) (NNS sons) (SYM /) (NNS grandsons))) (VP (VBP hold) (NP (NP (DT an) (JJ important) (NN role)) (PP (IN in) (NP (JJ human) (JJ spiritual) (NN development)))))))) (. .))",
"(S (NP (DT The) (ADJP (RBS best) (VBN known)) (JJ Abrahamic) (NNS religions)) (VP (VBP are) (NP (NNP Judaism) (, ,) (NNP Christianity) (CC and) (NNP Islam))) (. .))"
] | An Abrahamic religion is a religion whose followers believe in the prophet Abraham. They say Abraham and his sons/grandsons hold an important role in human spiritual development. The best known Abrahamic religions are Judaism, Christianity and Islam. |
[
"(S (NP (NP (JJR Smaller) (JJ religious) (NNS traditions)) (VP (ADVP (RB sometimes)) (VBN included) (PP (IN as) (NP (JJ Abrahamic) (NNS religions))))) (VP (VBP are) (NP (NP (NNP Samaritanism)) (, ,) (NP (NNP Druze)) (, ,) (NP (NNP Rastafari)) (, ,) (NP (NNP Yazidi)) (, ,) (NP (NNP Babism)) (CC and) (NP (NNP Bahá'í) (NNP Faith)))) (. .))",
"(S (NP (NP (NN Mandaeism)) (-LRB- -LRB-) (NP (NP (DT a) (NN religion)) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT that)) (S (VP (VBZ holds) (NP (JJ many) (JJ Abrahamic) (NNS beliefs)))))) (-RRB- -RRB-)) (VP (VBZ is) (RB not) (VP (VBN called) (S (ADJP (NNP Abrahamic))) (SBAR (IN because) (S (NP (PRP$ its) (NNS followers)) (VP (VBP think) (SBAR (S (NP (NNP Abraham)) (VP (VBD was) (NP (DT a) (JJ false) (NN prophet)))))))))))"
] | Smaller religious traditions sometimes included as Abrahamic religions are Samaritanism, Druze, Rastafari, Yazidi, Babism and Bahá'í Faith. Mandaeism (a religion that holds many Abrahamic beliefs) is not called Abrahamic because its followers say Abraham was a false prophet. |
[
"(S (NP (JJ True) (JJ Abrahamic) (NNS religions)) (VP (VBP are) (ADJP (JJ monotheistic)) (-LRB- -LRB-) (NP (DT the) (NN belief) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (EX there)) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (QP (RB only) (CD one)) (NNP God)))))) (-RRB- -RRB-)) (. .))",
"(S (NP (PRP They)) (ADVP (RB also)) (NP (DT all)) (VP (VBP believe) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (NNS people)) (VP (MD should) (VP (VP (VB pray) (PP (IN to) (NP (NNP God)))) (CC and) (VP (VB worship) (NP (NNP God)) (ADVP (RB often)))))))) (. .))",
"(S (PP (IN Among) (NP (JJ monotheistic) (NNS religions))) (, ,) (NP (DT the) (JJ Abrahamic) (NNS religions)) (VP (VBP have) (NP (NP (NP (DT the) (NN world) (POS 's)) (JJS largest) (NN number)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NNS followers))))) (. .))"
] | True Abrahamic religions are monotheistic (the belief that there is only one God). They also all say that people should pray to God and worship God often. Among monotheistic religions, the Abrahamic religions have the world's largest number of followers. |
[
"(S (SBAR (IN While) (S (NP (DT these) (NNS rules)) (VP (MD may) (VP (VB seem) (S (ADJP (JJ senseless) (CC or) (JJ obvious))))))) (, ,) (NP (NP (PRP it))) (VP (VBZ is) (ADJP (JJ wise)) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB understand) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (DT these) (NNS properties)) (VP (VBP do) (RB not) (VP (VB hold) (PP (IN throughout) (NP (NP (DT all) (NNS branches)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NNS mathematics))))))))))))) (. .))",
"(S (ADVP (RB Therefore)) (, ,) (NP (NP (PRP it))) (VP (MD will) (VP (VB be) (ADJP (JJ useful)) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB know) (SBAR (WHADVP (WRB how)) (S (NP (DT these) (JJ axiomatic) (NNS rules)) (VP (VBP are) (VP (VBN declared))))) (, ,) (PP (IN before) (S (VP (VBG taking) (NP (PRP them)) (PP (IN for) (S (VP (VBN granted)))))))))))) (. .))",
"(S (PP (IN Before) (S (VP (VBG going) (PRT (RP on)) (PP (IN to) (NP (DT the) (NNS rules)))))) (, ,) (VP (VB reflect) (PP (IN on) (NP (NP (CD two) (NNS definitions)) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT that)) (S (VP (MD will) (VP (VB be) (VP (VBN given))))))))) (. .))"
] | While these rules may seem senseless or obvious, it is wise to understand that these properties do not hold throughout all branches of mathematics. Therefore, it will be useful to say how these axiomatic rules are declared, before taking them for granted. Before going on to the rules, reflect on two definitions that will be given. |
[
"(S (PP (IN In) (NP (CD 1803))) (, ,) (NP (NML (JJ English) (NN philosopher)) (NNP John) (NNP Dalton)) (VP (VBD suggested) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (NNS elements)) (VP (VBD were) (NP (NP (JJ tiny) (, ,) (JJ solid) (NNS balls)) (VP (VBN made) (PP (IN of) (NP (NNS atoms))))))))) (. .))",
"(S (NP (NNP Dalton)) (VP (VBD believed) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (NP (DT all) (NNS atoms)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (JJ same) (NN element)))) (VP (VBP have) (NP (DT the) (JJ same) (NN mass)))))) (. .))",
"(S (NP (PRP He)) (VP (VBD said) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (NNS compounds)) (VP (VBP are) (VP (VBN formed) (SBAR (WHADVP (WRB when)) (S (NP (NP (NNS atoms)) (PP (IN of) (NP (QP (JJR more) (IN than) (CD one)) (NN element)))) (VP (VBP combine))))))))) (. .))"
] | In 1803, English philosopher John Dalton suggested that elements were tiny, solid balls made of atoms. Dalton said that all atoms of the same element have the same mass. He said that compounds are formed when atoms of more than one element combine. |
[
"(S (NP (DT This)) (VP (VBD happened) (SBAR (IN while) (S (NP (PRP he)) (VP (VBD was) (VP (VBG working) (PP (IN with) (NP (NN cathode) (NNS rays))) (PP (IN in) (NP (CD 1897)))))))) (. .))",
"(S (NP (PRP He)) (VP (VBD realized) (SBAR (S (NP (PRP they)) (VP (VBD had) (NP (DT a) (JJ negative) (NN charge)) (, ,) (PP (IN unlike) (NP (NP (NP (NNS protons)) (-LRB- -LRB-) (NP (JJ positive)) (-RRB- -RRB-)) (CC and) (NP (NP (NNS neutrons)) (-LRB- -LRB-) (NP (DT no) (NN charge)) (-RRB- -RRB-)))))))) (. .))",
"(S (NP (NNP Thomson)) (VP (VBD created) (NP (NP (DT the) (NML (NN plum) (NN pudding)) (NN model)) (, ,) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT which)) (S (VP (VBD stated) (SBAR (IN that) (S (S (NP (DT an) (NN atom)) (VP (VBD was) (PP (IN like) (NP (NN plum) (NN pudding))))) (PRN (: :) (S (NP (NP (DT the) (JJ dried) (NN fruit)) (-LRB- -LRB-) (NP (NNS electrons)) (-RRB- -RRB-)) (VP (VBD were) (VP (VBN stuck) (PP (IN in) (NP (NP (NP (DT a) (NN mass)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN pudding)))) (-LRB- -LRB-) (NP (NNS protons)) (-RRB- -RRB-)))))))))))))) (. .))"
] | This happened while he was working with cathode rays in 1897. He said they had a negative charge, unlike protons (positive) and neutrons (no charge). Thomson created the plum pudding model, which stated that an atom was like plum pudding: the dried fruit (electrons) were stuck in a mass of pudding (protons). |
[
"(S (NP (DT The) (ADJP (RBS most) (JJ accurate)) (NN model)) (ADVP (RB so) (RB far)) (VP (VBZ comes) (PP (IN from) (NP (DT the) (NNP Schrödinger) (NN equation)))) (. .))",
"(S (NP (NNP Schrödinger)) (VP (VBD realized) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (DT the) (NNS electrons)) (VP (VBP exist) (PP (IN in) (NP (NP (NP (DT a) (NN cloud)) (PP (IN around) (NP (DT the) (NN nucleus)))) (, ,) (VP (VBN called) (S (NP (DT the) (NN electron) (NN cloud)))))))))) (. .))",
"(S (PP (IN In) (NP (DT the) (NN electron) (NN cloud))) (, ,) (NP (NP (PRP it))) (VP (VBZ is) (ADJP (JJ impossible)) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB know) (SBAR (WHADVP (RB exactly) (WRB where)) (S (NP (NNS electrons)) (VP (VBP are)))))))) (. .))",
"(S (NP (DT The) (NNP Schrödinger) (NN equation)) (VP (VBZ is) (VP (VBN used) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB find) (PRT (RP out)) (SBAR (WHADVP (WRB where)) (S (NP (DT an) (NN electron)) (VP (VBZ is) (ADJP (JJ likely) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB be))))))))))))) (. .))"
] | The most accurate model so far comes from the Schrödinger equation. Schrödinger said that the electrons exist in a cloud around the nucleus, called the electron cloud. In the electron cloud, it is impossible to say exactly where electrons are. The Schrödinger equation is used to find out where an electron is likely to be. |
[
"(S (NP (PRP He)) (VP (VBD discovered) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (NN uranium)) (VP (VP (VBD decayed) (ADVP (ADVP (NP (DT a) (NN lot)) (RBR faster)) (PP (IN than) (ADJP (JJ usual))))) (CC and) (VP (VBD produced) (NP (NP (DT a) (NN lot)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NML (NN alpha) (CC and) (NN beta)) (NNS particles))))))))) (. .))",
"(S (NP (PRP He)) (ADVP (RB also)) (VP (VBD believed) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (NN uranium)) (VP (VBD got) (VP (VBN changed) (PP (IN into) (NP (NP (DT a) (JJ new) (NN element)) (SBAR (S (NP (PRP he)) (VP (VBD named) (S (NP (NN hesperium))))))))))))) (. .))"
] | He discovered that uranium decayed a lot faster than usual and produced a lot of alpha and beta particles. He also said that uranium got changed into a new element he named hesperium. |
[
"(S (NP (PRP They)) (ADVP (RB also)) (VP (VBD began) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB think) (PP (IN about) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN place)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NNP Earth))) (PP (IN in) (NP (DT the) (NN universe))))))))) (. .))",
"(S (PP (IN For) (NP (DT a) (JJ long) (NN time))) (NP (NNS people)) (VP (VBD thought) (SBAR (SBAR (S (NP (NNP Earth)) (VP (VBD was) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN center)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (NN universe))))))) (, ,) (CC and) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (NP (DT the) (NNS planets)) (, ,) (NP (DT the) (NNS stars)) (CC and) (NP (DT the) (NN sun))) (VP (VBD went) (PP (IN around) (NP (PRP it)))))))) (. .))",
"(S (NP (DT This)) (VP (VBZ is) (VP (VBN known) (PP (IN as) (NP (NN geocentrism))))) (. .))"
] | They also began to think about the place of Earth in the universe. For a long time people said Earth was the center of the universe, and that the planets, the stars and the sun went around it. This is known as geocentrism. |
[
"(S (NP (DT This)) (VP (VBZ is) (VP (VBN known) (PP (IN as) (NP (NN heliocentrism))))) (. .))",
"(S (NP (QP (RB Only) (DT a) (JJ few)) (NNS people)) (VP (VBD thought) (SBAR (S (NP (PRP it)) (VP (VBD was) (ADJP (JJ right)))))) (. .))",
"(S (NP (DT The) (NN rest)) (VP (VBD continued) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB believe) (PP (IN in) (NP (DT the) (`` \") (JJ geocentric) ('' \") (NN model))))))) (. .))"
] | This is known as heliocentrism. Only a few people said it was right. The rest continued to believe in the "geocentric" model. |
[
"(S (PP (IN Like) (NP (NNS planets))) (, ,) (NP (NNS asteroids)) (VP (VBP do) (RB not) (VP (VB make) (NP (PRP$ their) (JJ own) (NN light)))) (. .))",
"(S (PP (IN Because) (IN of) (NP (DT this))) (, ,) (NP (DT some) (NNS people)) (VP (VP (VBP think) (SBAR (S (`` \") (NP (NNS asteroids)) ('' \") (VP (VBZ is) (RB not) (NP (DT a) (JJ good) (NN name)))))) (, ,) (CC and) (VP (VBP think) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (NP (DT the) (NN name) (`` \") (NP (FW planetoid)) ('' \")) (-LRB- -LRB-) (`` \") (PP (IN like) (NP (DT a) (NN planet))) ('' \") ('' -RRB-)) (VP (MD would) (VP (VB be) (NP (DT a) (JJR better) (NN name)))))))) (. .))"
] | Like planets, asteroids do not make their own light. Because of this, some people say "asteroids" is not a good name, and say that the name "planetoid" ("like a planet") would be a better name. |
[
"(S (NP (NP (DT The) (NNS ones)) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT that)) (S (VP (VBP come) (ADVP (RB close) (PP (IN to) (NP (NNP Earth)))))))) (VP (VBP are) (VP (VBN called) (S (NP (NML (NNP Near) (HYPH -) (NNP Earth)) (NNS asteroids))))) (. .))",
"(S (NP (JJ Many) (NNS scientists)) (VP (VBP think) (SBAR (S (NP (NP (NNS asteroids)) (VP (VBG striking) (NP (DT the) (NNP Earth)))) (VP (VP (VBD killed) (PRT (RP off)) (NP (PDT all) (DT the) (NNS dinosaurs))) (CC and) (VP (VBD caused) (NP (NP (DT some)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (JJ other) (NN extinction) (NNS events))))))))) (. .))"
] | The ones that come close to Earth are called Near-Earth asteroids. Many scientists say asteroids striking the Earth killed off all the dinosaurs and caused some of the other extinction events. |
[
"(S (NP (EX There)) (VP (VBD were) (NP (JJ international) (NNS protests))) (. .))",
"(S (NP (DT The) (NNPS Taliban)) (VP (VBP believe) (SBAR (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (DT the) (JJ ancient) (NNS statues)) (VP (VBD were) (ADJP (RB un) (HYPH -) (JJ Islamic))))) (CC and) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (PRP they)) (VP (VBD had) (NP (DT a) (NN right) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB destroy) (NP (PRP them))))))))))) (. .))"
] | There were international protests. The Taliban say that the ancient statues were un-Islamic and that they had a right to destroy them. |
[
"(S (NP (DT The) (NNPS Taliban)) (VP (VBD ruled) (NP (NNP Afghanistan)) (PP (VBG according) (PP (IN to) (NP (NP (PRP$ their) (JJ strict) (NN version)) (PP (IN of) (NP (JJ Islamic) (NN law))))))) (. .))",
"(S (NP (NP (NNS People)) (SBAR (WHNP (WP whom)) (S (NP (DT the) (NNPS Taliban)) (VP (VBD believed) (SBAR (S (VBD violated) (NP (DT these) (NNS laws)))))))) (VP (VBD were) (VP (VBN given) (NP (JJ cruel) (NNS punishments)))) (. .))",
"(S (PP (IN In) (NP (NN addition))) (, ,) (NP (DT the) (NNP Taliban)) (ADVP (RB completely)) (VP (VBD restricted) (NP (NP (DT the) (NNS rights)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NNS women))))) (. .))"
] | The Taliban ruled Afghanistan according to their strict version of Islamic law. People whom the Taliban said violated these laws were given cruel punishments. In addition, the Taliban completely restricted the rights of women. |
[
"(S (NP (DT The) (NN name) (NNP Argentina)) (VP (VBZ comes) (PP (IN from) (NP (NP (DT the) (JJ Latin) (`` \") (NN argentum) ('' \")) (-LRB- -LRB-) (NP (JJ silver)) (-RRB- -RRB-))) (SBAR (IN as) (S (NP (DT the) (JJ Spanish) (NNS conquistadors)) (VP (VBD believed) (SBAR (S (NP (DT the) (NN area)) (VP (VBD had) (NP (NN silver))))))))) (. .))",
"(S (PP (IN In) (NP (NP (DT the) (NNPS Americas)) (-LRB- -LRB-) (NP (NNP South) (CC and) (NNP North)) (-RRB- -RRB-))) (, ,) (NP (NNP Canada) (, ,) (NNP US) (, ,) (NNP Brazil) (CC and) (NNP Argentina)) (VP (VBP are) (NP (DT the) (JJS largest) (NNS countries)) (-LRB- -LRB-) (PP (IN in) (NP (DT that) (NN order))) (-RRB- -RRB-)) (. .))"
] | The name Argentina comes from the Latin "argentum" (silver) as the Spanish conquistadors said the area had silver. In the Americas (South and North), Canada, US, Brazil and Argentina are the largest countries (in that order). |
[
"(S (NP (PRP They)) (VP (VBP use) (NP (DT this)) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB group) (NP (DT the) (NNS animals)) (PP (IN in) (NP (DT a) (JJ biological) (NN classification))))))) (. .))",
"(S (S (NP (PRP They)) (VP (VBP think) (SBAR (S (NP (QP (JJ several) (CD million)) (NNS species)) (VP (VBP exist)))))) (CC but) (S (NP (PRP they)) (VP (VBP have) (ADVP (RB only)) (VP (VBN identified) (NP (QP (RB about) (CD one) (CD million)))))) (. .))"
] | They use this to group the animals in a biological classification. They say several million species exist but they have only identified about one million. |
[
"(S (ADVP (RB Often)) (NP (DT a) (NN creditor)) (VP (VBZ threatens) (NP (DT a) (NN debtor)) (PP (IN with) (NP (NP (NN debt) (NN slavery)) (PP (IN in) (NP (NP (JJ many) (NNS parts)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (NN world)))))))) (. .))",
"(S (PP (IN In) (NP (DT some) (NNS cases))) (NP (DT the) (NN debtor)) (VP (VBZ does) (RB not) (VP (VB know) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (PRP they)) (VP (VBP have) (NP (DT a) (NN right) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB go) (ADJP (JJ bankrupt))))))))))) (. .))",
"(S (NP (DT This)) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (DT a) (NML (JJ human) (NNS rights)) (NN problem)) (PP (IN in) (NP (DT some) (NNS countries)))) (. .))"
] | Often a creditor threatens a debtor with debt slavery in many parts of the world. In some cases the debtor does not say that they have a right to go bankrupt. This is a human rights problem in some countries. |
[
"(S (NP (DT The) (NNP FBI)) (VP (VBD did) (RB not) (VP (VB find) (NP (DT the) (NNS samples)))) (. .))",
"(S (NP (PRP They)) (VP (VBP do) (RB not) (VP (VB know) (SBAR (WHNP (WP what)) (S (VP (VBD happened) (PP (IN to) (NP (PRP them)))))))) (. .))"
] | The FBI did not find the samples. They do not say what happened to them. |
[
"(S (PP (IN After) (NP (NNP World) (NNP War) (NNP II))) (, ,) (NP (DT the) (NNS people)) (VP (VBD made) (S (NP (NN king) (NNP Leopold) (NNP III)) (VP (VB leave) (NP (PRP$ his) (NN throne)) (PP (IN in) (NP (CD 1951)))))) (. .))",
"(S (NP (DT This)) (VP (VBZ is) (SBAR (IN because) (S (NP (PRP they)) (VP (VBD thought) (SBAR (S (NP (PRP he)) (VP (VBD helped) (NP (DT the) (NNPS Germans))))))))) (. .))"
] | After World War II, the people made king Leopold III leave his throne in 1951. This is because they said he helped the Germans. |
[
"(S (NP (NP (DT The) (JJ only) (NNS people)) (SBAR (WHNP (WP who)) (S (VP (MD could) (VP (VB vote)))))) (VP (VBD were) (NP (NP (NNS people)) (SBAR (WHNP (WP who)) (S (VP (VBD owned) (NP (NN land))))))) (. .))",
"(S (NP (EX There)) (VP (VBD were) (NP (DT some) (NNS uprisings)) (PP (IN in) (NP (DT the) (CD 1920s))) (SBAR (IN because) (S (NP (DT some) (NNS people)) (VP (VBD thought) (SBAR (S (NP (DT the) (NN government)) (VP (VBD was) (ADVP (RB unfairly)) (VP (VBG helping) (NP (NN coffee) (NNS growers)))))))))) (. .))",
"(S (NP (NNP Brazil)) (VP (VBD joined) (NP (DT the) (NNPS Allies)) (PP (IN during) (NP (NNP World) (NNP War) (NNP II)))) (. .))"
] | The only people who could vote were people who owned land. There were some uprisings in the 1920s because some people said the government was unfairly helping coffee growers. Brazil joined the Allies during World War II. |
[
"(S (NP (PRP They)) (VP (VBD wanted) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB be) (ADJP (JJ able) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB program) (DT the) (NN music) (: box-) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB order) (S (NP (DT the) (NN music) (NN box)) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB play) (NP (JJ different) (NN music))))))))))))))))) (. .))",
"(S (NP (NP (DT This) (NN part)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN computer) (NN history)))) (VP (VBZ is) (VP (VBN called) (S (NP (S (NP (NP (DT the) (`` \") (NN history)) (PP (IN of) (NP (JJ programmable) (NNS machines))) ('' \"))) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT which)) (S (VP (VBZ is) (NP (NP (DT a) (JJ fancy) (NN phrase)) (PP (IN for) (`` \") (NP (NP (NP (DT The) (NN history)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NNS machines)))) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT that)) (S (NP (PRP I)) (VP (MD can) (VP (VB order) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB do) (NP (JJ different) (NNS things))))) (SBAR (IN if) (S (NP (PRP I)) (VP (VBP know) (SBAR (WHADVP (WRB how)) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB speak) (NP (PRP$ their) (NN language))))))))))))))))))))))) (. .) ('' \"))"
] | They wanted to be able to program the music box- to order the music box to play different music. This part of computer history is called the "history of programmable machines" which is a fancy phrase for "The history of machines that I can order to do different things if I say how to speak their language. |
[
"(S (PP (IN At) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN end)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (NNP Middle) (NNPS Ages))))) (, ,) (NP (NNS people)) (VP (VBD started) (S (VP (VBG thinking) (SBAR (S (NP (NN math) (CC and) (NN engineering)) (VP (VBD were) (ADJP (RBR more) (JJ important)))))))) (. .))",
"(S (PP (IN In) (NP (CD 1623))) (, ,) (NP (NNP Wilhelm) (NNP Schickard)) (VP (VBD made) (NP (DT a) (JJ mechanical) (NN calculator))) (. .))"
] | At the end of the Middle Ages, people started saying math and engineering were more important. In 1623, Wilhelm Schickard made a mechanical calculator. |
[
"(S (NP (NP (NNS Millions)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NNS computers)))) (VP (MD may) (VP (VB be) (VP (VBG using) (NP (DT the) (JJ same) (VBG operating) (NN system)) (, ,) (SBAR (IN while) (S (NP (DT each) (NN computer)) (VP (MD can) (VP (VB have) (NP (NP (PRP$ its) (JJ own) (NN application) (NNS programs)) (SBAR (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB do) (SBAR (WHNP (WP what)) (S (NP (PRP$ its) (NN user)) (VP (VBZ needs)))))))))))))))) (. .))",
"(S (S (VP (VBG Using) (NP (DT the) (JJ same) (NN operating) (NNS systems)))) (VP (VBZ makes) (S (NP (NP (PRP it))) (ADJP (JJ easy)) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB learn) (SBAR (WHADVP (WRB how)) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB use) (NP (NNS computers)) (PP (IN for) (NP (JJ new) (NNS things)))))))))))) (. .))",
"(S (NP (NP (DT A) (NN user)) (SBAR (WHNP (WP who)) (S (VP (VBZ needs) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB use) (NP (DT a) (NN computer)) (PP (IN for) (NP (NN something) (JJ different))))))))) (, ,)) (VP (MD can) (VP (VB learn) (SBAR (WHADVP (WRB how)) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB use) (NP (DT a) (JJ new) (NN application) (NN program)))))))) (. .))",
"(S (NP (DT Some) (VBG operating) (NNS systems)) (VP (MD can) (VP (VB have) (NP (NP (JJ simple) (NN command) (NNS lines)) (CC or) (NP (DT a) (ADJP (RB fully) (NN user) (HYPH -) (JJ friendly)) (NNP GUI))))) (. .))"
] | Millions of computers may be using the same operating system, while each computer can have its own application programs to do what its user needs. Using the same operating systems makes it easy to say how to use computers for new things. A user who needs to use a computer for something different, can say how to use a new application program. Some operating systems can have simple command lines or a fully user-friendly GUI. |
[
"(S (NP (PRP It)) (VP (VBZ has) (NP (NP (DT a) (NN population)) (PP (IN of) (NP (CD 104,000) (NNS people))))) (. .))",
"(S (NP (NNS People)) (VP (VBP believe) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (NNP Colchester)) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (NP (DT the) (JJS oldest) (JJ Roman) (NN town)) (PP (IN in) (NP (NNP England)))))))) (. .))"
] | It has a population of 104,000 people. People say that Colchester is the oldest Roman town in England. |
[
"(S (S (VP (VBG Making) (NP (DT a) (NN map)))) (VP (MD can) (VP (VB be) (ADJP (ADJP (ADJP (RB as) (JJ simple)) (PP (IN as) (S (VP (VBG drawing) (NP (DT a) (NN direction)) (PP (IN on) (NP (DT a) (NN napkin))))))) (, ,) (CC or) (ADJP (ADJP (RB as) (JJ complicated)) (PP (IN as) (S (VP (VBG showing) (NP (DT a) (JJ whole) (NN country) (CC or) (NN world))))))))) (. .))",
"(S (S (NP (NN Anyone)) (VP (MD can) (VP (VB make) (NP (DT a) (NN map))))) (, ,) (CC but) (S (NP (NNS cartographers)) (VP (VBP spend) (NP (PRP$ their) (NNS lives)) (S (VP (VBG learning) (SBAR (WHADVP (WRB how)) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB make) (NP (JJR better) (NNS maps)))))))))) (. .))"
] | Making a map can be as simple as drawing a direction on a napkin, or as complicated as showing a whole country or world. Anyone can make a map, but cartographers spend their lives saying how to make better maps. |
[
"(S (NP (DT Some)) (VP (VBP think) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (NN creativity)) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (NP (DT an) (JJ important) (NN thing)) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT that)) (S (VP (VBZ makes) (S (NP (NNS humans)) (ADJP (JJ different) (PP (IN from) (NP (NNS apes))))))))))))) (. .))",
"(S (NP (NNS Others)) (VP (VBP recognize) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (NP (RB even) (NNS apes)) (, ,) (NP (JJ other) (NNS primates)) (, ,) (NP (JJ other) (NNS mammals)) (CC and) (NP (DT some) (NNS birds))) (VP (VBP adapt) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB survive)))) (PP (IN by) (S (VP (VBG being) (ADJP (JJ creative)) (-LRB- -LRB-) (PP (IN for) (NP (NN example))) (: -) (NP (NP (NNS primates)) (VP (VBG using) (NP (NNS tools)))) (-RRB- -RRB-)))))))) (. .))"
] | Some say that creativity is an important thing that makes humans different from apes. Others recognize that even apes, other primates, other mammals and some birds adapt to survive by being creative (for example - primates using tools). |
[
"(S (NP (NNS Others)) (VP (VBP recognize) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (NP (RB even) (NNS apes)) (, ,) (NP (JJ other) (NNS primates)) (, ,) (NP (JJ other) (NNS mammals)) (CC and) (NP (DT some) (NNS birds))) (VP (VBP adapt) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB survive)))) (PP (IN by) (S (VP (VBG being) (ADJP (JJ creative)) (-LRB- -LRB-) (PP (IN for) (NP (NN example))) (: -) (NP (NP (NNS primates)) (VP (VBG using) (NP (NNS tools)))) (-RRB- -RRB-)))))))) (. .))",
"(S (NP (NNP Liane) (NNP Gabora)) (VP (VBZ believes) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (DT all) (NN culture)) (VP (VBZ comes) (PP (IN from) (NP (NP (NN creativity)) (, ,) (RB not) (NP (NN imitation)))))))) (. .))",
"(S (ADVP (RB Therefore)) (PRN (, ,) (S (NP (DT these) (NNS people)) (VP (VBP say))) (, ,)) (NP (JJ human) (NN science)) (VP (MD should) (VB focus) (PP (IN on) (NP (PRP it)))) (-LRB- -LRB-) (S (VP (VB pay) (NP (JJ special) (NN attention)) (PP (IN to) (NP (PRP it))))) (: -RRB-:) (S (NP (NNS Ethics)) (PP (IN for) (NP (NN example))) (VP (MD would) (VP (VB focus) (PP (IN on) (S (VP (VBG finding) (NP (NP (JJ creative) (NNS solutions)) (PP (IN to) (NP (JJ ethical) (NNS dilemmas)))))))))) (. .))"
] | Others recognize that even apes, other primates, other mammals and some birds adapt to survive by being creative (for example - primates using tools). Liane Gabora says that all culture comes from creativity, not imitation. Therefore, these people say, human science should focus on it (pay special attention to it): Ethics for example would focus on finding creative solutions to ethical dilemmas. |
[
"(S (NP (DT The) (NNPS Cathars)) (VP (VBD believed) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (DT the) (NN world)) (VP (VBD had) (VP (VBN been) (VP (VBN made) (PP (IN by) (NP (DT a) (JJ bad) (NN god))))))))) (. .))",
"(S (S (NP (PRP They)) (VP (VBD believed) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (DT this) (JJ bad) (NN god)) (VP (VBD had) (VP (VP (VBN taken) (NP (PRP them)) (PP (IN from) (NP (DT the) (JJ good) (NN god)))) (CC and) (VP (VBD put) (NP (PRP them)) (PP (IN in) (NP (DT the) (NN world)))))))))) (, ,) (CC but) (S (PP (IN inside) (NP (PRP$ their) (NNS bodies))) (NP (EX there)) (VP (VBD was) (NP (DT a) (NN spirit))) (, ,) (CC and) (S (NP (DT that) (NN spirit)) (VP (VBN needed) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB return) (PP (IN to) (NP (DT the) (JJ good) (NN god))))))))) (. .))",
"(S (NP (PRP They)) (VP (VP (VBD were) (ADJP (JJ famous) (PP (IN for) (NP (NP (DT a) (NN belief)) (PP (IN in) (NP (NP (DT a) (NN form)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN reincarnation))))))))) (CC and) (VP (VBD believed) (SBAR (IN that) (S (SBAR (WHADVP (WRB when)) (S (NP (NN someone)) (VP (VBD died)))) (NP (DT the) (JJ bad) (NN god)) (VP (MD would) (VP (VB put) (NP (NP (DT that) (NN person) (POS 's)) (NN spirit)) (PP (IN in) (NP (DT a) (JJ new) (NN body))))))))) (. .))",
"(S (NP (PRP They)) (VP (VBD believed) (SBAR (S (NP (NP (DT this) (NN cycle)) (PP (IN of) (S (VP (VBG coming) (ADVP (RB back) (PP (IN to) (NP (NN life)))))))) (VP (MD could) (VP (VB be) (VP (VBN escaped) (PP (IN by) (NP (DT a) (NN ritual) (NN cleansing))))))))) (. .))",
"(S (NP (PRP They)) (VP (VBD were) (VP (VBN opposed) (PP (IN to) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN doctrine)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN sin))))))) (. .))"
] | The Cathars said that the world had been made by a bad god. They said that this bad god had taken them from the good god and put them in the world, but inside their bodies there was a spirit, and that spirit needed to return to the good god. They were famous for a belief in a form of reincarnation and said that when someone died the bad god would put that person's spirit in a new body. They said this cycle of coming back to life could be escaped by a ritual cleansing. They were opposed to the doctrine of sin. |
[
"(S (NP (NP (DT The) (JJ only) (NN exception)) (PP (IN to) (NP (DT this)))) (VP (VBD was) (NP (NN fish))) (. .))",
"(S (NP (NN Fish)) (VP (VBD was) (ADJP (JJ OK) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB eat))))) (SBAR (IN because) (S (NP (PRP they)) (VP (VBD believed) (SBAR (S (NP (NNS fishes)) (VP (VBD were) (NP (RB not) (ADJP (JJ alive)) (CC but) (NP (NP (RB just) (NNS things)) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT that)) (S (VP (VBD were) (ADVP (RB sometimes)) (VP (VBN produced) (PP (IN from) (NP (NN dirt) (CC and) (NN water)))))))))))))))) (. .))"
] | The only exception to this was fish. Fish was OK to eat because they said fishes were not alive but just things that were sometimes produced from dirt and water. |
[
"(S (NP (DT The) (NNS burghers) (CC and) (NNS bankers)) (VP (VBD had) (NP (JJR more) (NN power)) (PP (IN in) (NP (DT this) (JJR looser) (NN system)))) (. .))",
"(S (NP (NNP R.) (NNP I.) (NNP Moore)) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (NP (DT a) (NN historian)) (SBAR (WHNP (WP who)) (S (VP (VBZ believes) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (PRP it)) (VP (VBD was) (NP (NN desire) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VP (VB crush) (NP (DT this) (NN system))) (CC and) (VP (VB take) (PRT (RP over)) (NP (DT the) (NN land))))))) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT that)) (S (VP (VBD drove) (NP (DT the) (NN attack))))))))))))) (. .))"
] | The burghers and bankers had more power in this looser system. R. |
[
"(S (PP (IN In) (NP (DT the) (NNP Launguedoc))) (, ,) (PP (IN on) (NP (NP (DT the) (JJ 22nd)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NNP July) (CD 1209))))) (, ,) (NP (NP (DT a) (NN force)) (PP (IN of) (NP (QP (RB about) (CD 30,000)) (NNPS Crusaders)))) (VP (VBD arrived) (PP (IN at) (NP (NP (NP (DT the) (NNS walls)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NNPS Beziers)))) (PP (VBG bearing) (NP (DT the) (NN cross) (NN pattee))))) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB mislead) (CC and) (VB create) (NP (NN ease)) (PP (IN among) (NP (DT the) (NNPS Cathars)))))) (, ,) (S (VP (S (VP (VBG thinking) (SBAR (S (NP (PRP they)) (VP (VBD were) (NP (NN friend) (, ,) (CC not) (NN foe))))))) (, ,) (CC and) (VP (VBD demanded) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (QP (RB about) (CD 200)) (NNPS Cathars)) (VP (VB be) (VP (VBN surrendered))))))))) (. .))",
"(S (NP (NP (NP (DT The) (NNS people)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (NN town)))) (SBAR (WHNP (WP who)) (S (VP (VBD were) (ADVP (RB mostly)) (JJ Catholic))))) (, ,) (VP (VBD said) (SBAR (IN that) (S (SBAR (RB rather) (IN than) (S (VP (VB turn) (PRT (RP over)) (NP (PRP$ their) (NNS friends) (CC and) (NN family))))) (, ,) (`` \") (NP (PRP we)) (VP (MD would) (ADVP (RB rather)) (VP (VB be) (VP (VBN flayed) (S (ADJP (JJ alive))))))))) (. .) ('' \"))"
] | In the Launguedoc, on the 22nd of July 1209, a force of about 30,000 Crusaders arrived at the walls of Beziers bearing the cross pattee to mislead and create ease among the Cathars, saying they were friend, not foe, and demanded that about 200 Cathars be surrendered. The people of the town who were mostly Catholic, said that rather than turn over their friends and family, "we would rather be flayed alive. |
[
"(S (PP (IN Until) (ADVP (RB recently))) (, ,) (NP (NNS people)) (VP (VBD thought) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (DT the) (NN universe)) (VP (VBD was) (NP (RB only) (DT the) (NML (NNP Milky) (NNP Way)) (NN galaxy)))))) (. .))",
"(S (NP (PRP They)) (VP (VBD thought) (NP (DT this)) (SBAR (IN because) (S (NP (PRP they)) (VP (MD could) (ADVP (RB only)) (VP (VB see) (NP (NP (DT the) (NNS planets)) (PP (IN up) (PP (IN to) (NP (NNP Saturn) (CC and) (NNS stars)))))))))) (. .))"
] | Until recently, people said that the universe was only the Milky Way galaxy. They thought this because they could only see the planets up to Saturn and stars. |
[
"(S (PP (IN With) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN invention)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (NN telescope))))) (, ,) (NP (PRP we)) (VP (MD could) (VP (VB see) (NP (NP (JJR more)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (NN universe)))))) (. .))",
"(S (PP (ADVP (RB Even)) (IN in) (NP (DT the) (JJ 20th) (NN century))) (, ,) (NP (NNS people)) (VP (VBD thought) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (DT the) (NNP Milky) (NNP Way)) (VP (VBD was) (NP (DT the) (JJ entire) (NN universe)))))) (. .))",
"(S (PP (IN With) (NP (DT the) (NNP Hubble) (NNP Space) (NNP Telescope))) (, ,) (NP (NNS people)) (VP (MD could) (VP (VB see) (NP (NNS things)) (ADVP (RB far) (RB away)))) (. .))"
] | With the invention of the telescope, we could see more of the universe. Even in the 20th century, people said that the Milky Way was the entire universe. With the Hubble Space Telescope, people could see things far away. |
[
"(S (PP (IN In) (NP (JJS most) (NNS countries))) (, ,) (NP (NNS police)) (VP (VBP try) (S (VP (VP (TO to) (VP (VB stop) (NP (NNS crimes)))) (CC and) (VP (TO to) (VP (VB find) (NP (NNS criminals))))))) (. .))",
"(S (SBAR (WHADVP (WRB When)) (S (NP (DT the) (NNS police)) (VP (VBP find) (NP (NP (NN someone)) (SBAR (WHNP (WP who)) (S (NP (PRP they)) (VP (VBP think) (SBAR (S (VP (MD might) (VP (VB be) (NP (DT a) (NN criminal))))))))))))) (, ,) (NP (PRP they)) (ADVP (RB usually)) (VP (VBP hold) (NP (DT the) (NN person)) (PP (IN in) (NP (DT a) (NN jail)))) (. .))",
"(S (ADVP (RB Then)) (, ,) (ADVP (RB usually)) (, ,) (NP (NP (DT a) (NN court)) (CC or) (NP (DT a) (NN judge))) (VP (VBZ decides) (SBAR (IN if) (S (NP (DT the) (NN person)) (ADVP (RB really)) (VP (VBD did) (NP (DT a) (NN crime)))))) (. .))"
] | In most countries, police try to stop crimes and to find criminals. When the police find someone who they say might be a criminal, they usually hold the person in a jail. Then, usually, a court or a judge decides if the person really did a crime. |
[
"(S (PP (IN At) (NP (NNP MIT))) (, ,) (NP (DT a) (NN professor)) (VP (VBD tried) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB cancel) (NP (DT the) (NN lecture)) (SBAR (IN before) (S (NP (PRP it)) (VP (VBD took) (NP (NN place))))))))) (. .))",
"(S (NP (NNP Ray)) (VP (VBD believed) (SBAR (S (NP (DT this)) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (NP (NN proof)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT a) (NN conspiracy) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB keep) (NP (NP (NN information)) (PP (IN about) (NP (NNP Time) (NNP Cube)))) (S (ADJP (VBN hidden))))))))))))) (. .))",
"(S (NP (NNP Ray)) (ADVP (RB also)) (VP (VBD spoke) (PP (IN about) (NP (NNP Time) (NNP Cube))) (PP (IN at) (NP (NP (DT the) (NNP Georgia) (NNP Institute)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NNP Technology))))) (PP (IN in) (NP (NNP April) (CD 2005)))) (. .))"
] | At MIT, a professor tried to cancel the lecture before it took place. Ray said this is proof of a conspiracy to keep information about Time Cube hidden. Ray also spoke about Time Cube at the Georgia Institute of Technology in April 2005. |
[
"(S (NP (DT This)) (VP (VBZ tells) (NP (PRP us)) (SBAR (IN that) (S (SBAR (WHADJP (WRB how) (JJ high)) (S (NP (PRP y)) (VP (VBZ is) (PP (IN on) (NP (DT the) (JJ vertical) (NN axis)))))) (VP (VBZ depends) (PP (IN on) (SBAR (WHNP (WHNP (WP what)) (NP (NP (NN x)) (-LRB- -LRB-) (NP (DT the) (JJ horizontal) (NN axis)) (-RRB- -RRB-))) (S (VP (VBZ is) (PP (IN at) (NP (DT that) (NN time))))))))))) (. .))",
"(S (PP (IN For) (NP (NN example))) (, ,) (PP (IN with) (NP (DT the) (NN equation)) ($ formula_2)) (, ,) (NP (PRP we)) (VP (VBP know) (SBAR (IN that) (S (S (SBAR (IN if) (S (NP (CD formula_3)) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (CD 1))))) (, ,) (ADVP (RB then)) (NP (CD formula_4)) (VP (MD will) (VP (VB be) (NP (CD 1))))) (: ;) (S (SBAR (IN if) (S (NP (NN formula_3)) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (CD 3))))) (, ,) (ADVP (RB then)) (NP (PRP formula_4)) (VP (MD will) (VP (VB be) (NP (CD 9))))) (: ;) (S (SBAR (IN if) (S (`` \") (NP (CD formula_3)) ('' \") (VP (VBZ is) (NP (CD 20))))) (, ,) (ADVP (RB then)) (`` \") (HYPH formula_4) ('' \") (VP (MD will) (VP (VB be) (NP (CD 400)))))))) (. .))",
"(S (NP (NP (DT The) (NN slope)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN tangent) (NN line)) (VP (VBN produced) (S (VP (S (VP (VBG using) (NP (DT this) (NN method)))) (ADVP (RB here)))))))) (VP (VP (VBZ is) (NP (NP (CD formula_9)) (, ,) (CC or) (NP (NP (CD 2)) (VP (VBN multiplied) (PP (IN by) (`` \") (NP (CD formula_3))))))) (. \")) (. .))"
] | This tells us that how high y is on the vertical axis depends on what x (the horizontal axis) is at that time. For example, with the equation formula_2, we say that if formula_3 is 1, then formula_4 will be 1; if formula_3 is 3, then formula_4 will be 9; if "formula_3" is 20, then "formula_4" will be 400. The slope of the tangent line produced using this method here is formula_9, or 2 multiplied by "formula_3". |
[
"(S (NP (DT Some) (NNS comets)) (VP (VBP orbit) (-LRB- -LRB-) (VBP go) (ADVP (RB around)) (-RRB- -RRB-) (ADVP (RB together)) (PP (IN in) (NP (NNS groups)))) (. .))",
"(S (NP (NNS Astronomers)) (VP (VBP think) (SBAR (S (NP (DT these) (NNS comets)) (VP (VBP are) (NP (NP (JJ broken) (NNS pieces)) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT that)) (S (VP (VBD used) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB be) (NP (CD one) (NN object))))))))))))) (. .))"
] | Some comets orbit (go around) together in groups. Astronomers say these comets are broken pieces that used to be one object. |
[
"(S (PP (IN For) (NP (NP (NNS thousands)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NNS years))))) (, ,) (NP (NNS people)) (VP (VBD feared) (NP (NNS comets))) (. .))",
"(S (NP (PRP They)) (VP (VBD did) (RB not) (VP (VB know) (SBAR (SBAR (WHNP (WP what)) (S (NP (PRP they)) (VP (VBD were)))) (, ,) (CC or) (SBAR (WHADVP (WRB where)) (S (NP (PRP they)) (VP (VBD came) (PP (IN from)))))))) (. .))",
"(S (NP (DT Some)) (VP (VBD thought) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (PRP they)) (VP (VBD were) (NP (NP (NNS fireballs)) (VP (VBN sent) (PP (IN from) (NP (NNS demons) (CC or) (NNS gods))) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB destroy) (NP (DT the) (NN earth))))))))))) (. .))",
"(S (NP (PRP They)) (VP (VBD said) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (NP (DT each) (NN time)) (SBAR (S (NP (DT a) (NN comet)) (VP (VBD appeared))))) (, ,) (NP (PRP it)) (VP (MD would) (VP (VB bring) (NP (JJ bad) (NN luck)) (PP (IN with) (NP (PRP it)))))))) (. .))"
] | For thousands of years, people feared comets. They did not say what they were, or where they came from. Some said that they were fireballs sent from demons or gods to destroy the earth. They said that each time a comet appeared, it would bring bad luck with it. |
[
"(S (NP (PRP He)) (VP (VP (VBD asked) (NP (NP (PRP$ his) (NN friend)) (NP (NNP Edmond) (NNP Halley))) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB publish) (NP (DT this)) (PP (IN in) (NP (NP (PRP$ his) (NN book)) (`` \") (NP (NNP Philosophiae) (NNP Naturalis) (NNP Principia) (NNP Mathematica)))))))) (. \")) (. .))",
"(S (SBAR (IN Before) (S (NP (NNP Newton)) (VP (VBD said) (NP (DT this))))) (, ,) (NP (NNS people)) (VP (VBD believed) (SBAR (IN that) (S (S (NP (NNS comets)) (VP (VBP go) (ADVP (IN in)) (PP (IN to) (NP (DT the) (NN sun))))) (, ,) (ADVP (RB then)) (S (NP (DT another)) (VP (VBZ comes) (PRT (RP out)) (PP (IN from) (PP (IN behind) (NP (DT the) (NN sun))))))))) (. .))"
] | He asked his friend Edmond Halley to publish this in his book "Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica". Before Newton said this, people said that comets go in to the sun, then another comes out from behind the sun. |
[
"(S (PP (IN In) (NP (JJ later) (NNS years))) (NP (DT some) (NNS astronomers)) (VP (VBD thought) (SBAR (S (NP (NNS comets)) (VP (VBD were) (VP (VBN spit) (PRT (RP out)) (PP (IN by) (NP (NP (NNS planets)) (, ,) (NP (ADVP (RB especially)) (NNP Jupiter))))))))) (. .))"
] | In later years some astronomers said comets were spit out by planets, especially Jupiter. |
[
"(S (S (NP (PDT All) (DT this) (JJ new) (NN information) (CC and) (NN research)) (VP (VBD gave) (NP (NNS people)) (NP (NN confidence)))) (, ,) (CC but) (S (NP (DT some)) (ADVP (RB still)) (VP (VBD thought) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (NNS comets)) (VP (VBD were) (NP (NP (NNS messengers)) (PP (IN from) (NP (DT the) (NNS gods))))))))) (. .))",
"(S (NP (CD One) (NML (JJ 18th) (NN century)) (NN vision)) (VP (VBD said) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (NNS comets)) (VP (VBD were) (NP (NP (NP (DT the) (NNS places)) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT that)) (S (NP (NN hell)) (VP (VBD was))))) (, ,) (SBAR (WHADVP (WRB where)) (S (NP (NNS souls)) (VP (MD would) (VP (VB ride) (, ,) (S (VP (VBG being) (VP (VP (VBN burned) (ADVP (RP up)) (PP (IN by) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN heat)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (NN sun)))))) (CC and) (VP (VBN frozen) (PP (IN by) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN cold)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN space)))))))))))))))))) (. .))"
] | All this new information and research gave people confidence, but some still said that comets were messengers from the gods. One 18th century vision said that comets were the places that hell was, where souls would ride, being burned up by the heat of the sun and frozen by the cold of space. |
[
"(S (NP (NP (NNS Views)) (PP (IN on) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN importance)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT these) (NNS writings)))))) (VP (VBP vary)) (. .))",
"(S (NP (DT Some) (JJ Christian) (NNS groups)) (VP (VBP prefer) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB favor) (NP (DT the) (NNP New) (NNP Testament))))) (, ,) (SBAR (IN while) (S (NP (NNS others)) (VP (VBP believe) (SBAR (S (NP (DT the) (JJ entire) (NNP Bible)) (VP (VBZ is) (ADJP (RB equally) (JJ important))))))))) (. .))",
"(S (ADVP (RB Also)) (, ,) (SBAR (IN while) (S (NP (JJ many) (NNS Christians)) (VP (VBP prefer) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB consider) (NP (DT the) (NNP Bible)) (PP (IN as) (ADJP (RB fully) (JJ true))))))))) (, ,) (NP (RB not) (DT all) (JJ Christian) (NNS groups)) (VP (VBP believe) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (PRP it)) (VP (VBZ is) (ADJP (RB completely) (JJ accurate)))))) (. .))"
] | Views on the importance of these writings vary. Some Christian groups prefer to favor the New Testament, while others say the entire Bible is equally important. Also, while many Christians prefer to consider the Bible as fully true, not all Christian groups say that it is completely accurate. |
[
"(S (NP (JJS Most) (NNPS Christians)) (VP (VBP believe) (S (NP (DT this)) (VP (TO to) (VP (VB be) (NP (NP (NP (DT a) (NN sign)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (PRP$ their) (JJ religious) (NN devotion)) (PP (IN to) (NP (NNP God)))))) (CC and) (NP (NP (DT an) (NN act)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN worship))))))))) (. .))",
"(S (ADVP (RB However)) (, ,) (NP (DT some) (JJ Christian) (NNS groups)) (VP (VBP think) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (PRP one)) (VP (MD can) (VP (VB be) (NP (DT a) (NNP Christian)) (PP (IN without) (S (ADVP (RB ever)) (VP (VBG going) (PP (IN to) (NP (DT a) (NN church))))))))))) (. .))",
"(S (SBAR (IN Though) (S (NP (EX there)) (VP (VBP are) (NP (NP (JJ many) (JJ different) (NNS viewpoints)) (PP (IN on) (NP (DT the) (NN issue))))))) (, ,) (NP (JJS most) (NNPS Protestants)) (VP (VBP believe) (SBAR (S (NP (DT all) (NNPS Christians)) (VP (VBP are) (NP (NP (NN part)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (DT the) (JJ spiritual) (NN church)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NNP Christ)))))) (, ,) (SBAR (IN whether) (CC or) (RB not) (S (NP (DT those) (NNPS Christians)) (VP (VBP go) (PP (IN to) (NP (DT an) (JJ actual) (NN church))) (NP (DT each) (NN week))))))))) (. .))",
"(S (PP (IN On) (NP (DT the) (JJ other) (NN hand))) (, ,) (NP (NNPS Catholics)) (PP (IN in) (NP (DT the) (NN past))) (VP (VBP have) (VP (VBN believed) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (DT the) (NNP Holy) (NNP Catholic) (NNP Church)) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (DT the) (JJ only) (JJ true) (NN church))))))) (. .))"
] | Most Christians believe this to be a sign of their religious devotion to God and an act of worship. However, some Christian groups say that one can be a Christian without ever going to a church. Though there are many different viewpoints on the issue, most Protestants say all Christians are part of the spiritual church of Christ, whether or not those Christians go to an actual church each week. On the other hand, Catholics in the past have said that the Holy Catholic Church is the only true church. |
[
"(S (NP (DT The) (`` ') (NN image) (NNS dances) ('' ')) (, ,) (PP (VBG according) (PP (IN to) (NP (NNP Sachs)))) (, ,) (VP (VBP are) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB do) (PP (IN with) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN world)) (PP (IN outside) (NP (DT the) (NN dancer))))))))) (. .))",
"(S (PP (IN By) (S (VP (VBG imitating) (NP (DT an) (NN animal) (CC or) (NN object))))) (, ,) (NP (DT the) (NN dancer)) (VP (VBZ believes) (SBAR (S (NP (PRP he)) (VP (MD can) (VP (VP (VB capture) (NP (DT a) (NN power))) (CC and) (VP (VB make) (S (NP (PRP it)) (ADJP (JJ useful))))))))) (. .))",
"(S (S (VP (TO To) (VP (VB dance) (PP (IN in) (NP (NP (NN imitation)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN animal)) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT which)) (S (VP (VBZ is) (VP (VBG going) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB be) (VP (VBN hunted)))))))))))))))) (VP (VBZ is) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB become) (NP (NP (CD one)) (PP (IN with) (NP (PRP them)))))))) (. .))"
] | The 'image dances', according to Sachs, are to do with the world outside the dancer. By imitating an animal or object, the dancer says he can capture a power and make it useful. To dance in imitation of the animal which is going to be hunted is to become one with them. |
[
"(S (NP (NNP Sachs)) (VP (VBZ points) (PRT (RP out)) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (NP (NNS societies)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT this) (NN kind)))) (VP (VBP do) (RB not) (ADVP (RB really)) (VP (VB understand) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN connection)) (PP (IN between) (NP (NN cause) (CC and) (NN effect))))))))) (. .))",
"(S (NP (PRP They)) (ADVP (RB really)) (VP (VBP believe) (SBAR (S (NP (DT the) (NN image)) (VP (VBZ dances) (VP (NN work)))))) (. .))",
"(S (NP (NP (DT The) (NN dance) (NN type)) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT which)) (S (VP (VBZ is) (VP (VBN used) (PP (IN in) (NP (NN image) (NNS dances)))))))) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (NN mime))) (. .))"
] | Sachs points out that societies of this kind do not really understand the connection between cause and effect. They really say the image dances work. The dance type which is used in image dances is mime. |
[
"(S (NP (NNS Artists)) (VP (VBP draw) (NP (NP (NP (NNS pictures)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (NNP Devil)))) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT that)) (S (VP (VBP show) (NP (PRP him)) (PP (IN as) (ADJP (JJ ugly) (CC and) (JJ evil)))))))) (. .))",
"(S (CC But) (NP (NN nobody)) (VP (VBZ knows) (SBAR (WHNP (WP what)) (S (NP (PRP he)) (VP (MD may) (VP (VB look) (PP (IN like))))))) (. .))",
"(S (ADVP (RB Usually)) (NP (PRP he)) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (NP (DT a) (NN spirit)) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT that)) (S (NP (NN nobody)) (VP (MD can) (VP (VB see))))))) (, ,) (CC but) (S (NP (PRP he)) (VP (MD can) (VP (VB make) (S (NP (PRP himself)) (VP (VB look) (PP (IN like) (NP (DT a) (JJ real) (NN person))))) (SBAR (IN in) (NN order) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB trick) (NP (NNS people))))))))) (. .))"
] | Artists draw pictures of the Devil that show him as ugly and evil. But nobody says what he may look like. Usually he is a spirit that nobody can see, but he can make himself look like a real person in order to trick people. |
[
"(S (NP (NP (QP (RB About) (CD two) (NNS thirds))) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT these) (NNS people)))) (VP (VBP die) (PP (IN because) (IN of) (NP (NN age)))) (. .))",
"(S (PP (IN In) (NP (NP (NN addition)) (PP (IN to) (NP (DT the) (JJ physical) (NN body))))) (, ,) (NP (DT some)) (VP (VP (VBP believe) (SBAR (S (NP (NNS humans)) (ADVP (RB also)) (VP (VBP have) (NP (DT a) (NN soul)))))) (CC and) (VP (VBP believe) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (DT the) (NN soul)) (VP (MD can) (VP (VB continue) (PP (IN without) (NP (DT a) (NN body))) (-LRB- -LRB-) (NP (NN afterlife)) (-RRB- -RRB-) (, ,) (VP (VB move) (PP (IN into) (NP (DT another) (NN body))) (-LRB- -LRB-) (NP (NN reincarnation)) (, -RRB-)) (, ,) (CC or) (VP (VB cease) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB exist)))) (-LRB- -LRB-) (NP (NN annihilationism)) (-RRB- -RRB-)))))))) (. .))",
"(S (NP (NNS Religions)) (VP (VBP have) (NP (NP (JJ different) (NNS beliefs)) (PP (IN about) (NP (DT this) (NN issue))))) (. .))"
] | About two thirds of these people die because of age. In addition to the physical body, some say humans also have a soul and say that the soul can continue without a body (afterlife), move into another body (reincarnation), or cease to exist (annihilationism). Religions have different beliefs about this issue. |
[
"(S (NP (DT This)) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (NP (CD one)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (DT the) (JJS largest) (NNS questions)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN philosophy) (CC and) (NN religion))))))) (. .))",
"(S (NP (JJ Many) (NNS people)) (VP (VBP believe) (SBAR (S (NP (EX there)) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (NP (DT some) (NN form)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN afterlife)))))))) (. .))"
] | This is one of the largest questions of philosophy and religion. Many people say there is some form of afterlife. |
[
"(S (ADVP (RB Aside) (PP (IN from) (NP (NP (NNS wills)) (, ,) (NP (NNS goodbyes)) (, ,) (NP (NN organ) (NNS donations)) (CC and) (NP (NNS funerals))))) (, ,) (NP (EX there)) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (NP (JJ important) (JJ personal) (NN experience)) (SBAR (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB decide) (S (VP (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB pass) (PRT (RP on))))) (, ,) (CC or) (RB not) (, ,))) (SBAR (WHADVP (WRB when)) (S (NP (NN someone)) (VP (VBZ knows) (SBAR (S (NP (PRP they)) (VP (MD may) (ADVP (RB soon)) (VP (VB die)))))))))))))) (. .))",
"(S (S (NP (JJ Palliative) (NN care)) (VP (VBZ focuses) (PP (IN on) (NP (NP (JJ basic) (NNS decisions)) (SBAR (S (NP (NNS people)) (VP (VBP make) (SBAR (WHADVP (WRB when)) (S (NP (PRP they)) (VP (VBP are) (ADVP (RB very) (JJ close) (PP (IN to) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN end)) (PP (IN of) (NP (PRP$ their) (NNS lives)))))))))))))))) (, ,) (CC and) (S (NP (PRP it)) (VP (VBZ ensures) (SBAR (S (NP (NN someone)) (VP (VBZ is) (ADVP (RB always)) (ADJP (JJ available) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB talk) (PP (IN to) (NP (PRP them)))))))))))) (. .))"
] | Aside from wills, goodbyes, organ donations and funerals, there is important personal experience to decide to pass on, or not, when someone says they may soon die. Palliative care focuses on basic decisions people make when they are very close to the end of their lives, and it ensures someone is always available to talk to them. |
[
"(S (NP (DT The) (NNP Moon)) (VP (MD may) (VP (VB have) (VP (VBN been) (VP (VBN formed) (PP (IN after) (NP (NP (DT a) (NN collision)) (PP (IN between) (NP (NP (NP (DT the) (JJ early) (NNP Earth)) (CC and) (NP (DT a) (JJR smaller) (NN planet))) (-LRB- -LRB-) (VP (ADVP (RB sometimes)) (VBN called) (S (`` \") (NP (NNP Theia)) ('' \"))) (-RRB- -RRB-))))))))) (. .))",
"(S (NP (NNS Scientists)) (VP (VBP believe) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (NP (NNS parts)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT both) (NNS planets)))) (VP (VBD broke) (PRT (RP off)) (: —) (S (VP (VBG becoming) (-LRB- -LRB-) (PP (IN by) (NP (NN gravity))) (-RRB- -RRB-) (NP (DT the) (NNP Moon)))))))) (. .))"
] | The Moon may have been formed after a collision between the early Earth and a smaller planet (sometimes called "Theia"). Scientists say that parts of both planets broke off — becoming (by gravity) the Moon. |
[
"(S (NP (NP (QP (RB About) (CD 90)) (NN %)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NNS people)))) (VP (VBP live) (PP (IN in) (NP (NP (NP (DT the) (JJ north) (NN half)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (NN world)))) (, ,) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT which)) (S (VP (VBZ has) (NP (NP (JJS most)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (NN land)))))))))) (. .))",
"(S (NP (NNS Scientists)) (VP (VBP think) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (NNS people)) (ADVP (RB originally)) (VP (VBD came) (PP (IN from) (NP (NNP Africa))))))) (. .))",
"(S (ADVP (RB Now)) (, ,) (NP (NP (CD 70) (NN %)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT all) (NNS people)))) (VP (VBP do) (RB not) (VP (VB live) (PP (PP (IN in) (NP (NNP Africa))) (CC but) (PP (IN in) (NP (NNP Europe) (CC and) (NNP Asia)))))) (. .))"
] | About 90% of people live in the north half of the world, which has most of the land. Scientists say that people originally came from Africa. Now, 70% of all people do not live in Africa but in Europe and Asia. |
[
"(S (NP (PRP They)) (VP (VBP think) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (NNS ethics)) (VP (MD should) (VP (VB use) (NP (DT the) (JJ scientific) (NN method)) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB study))))))))))"
] | They say that ethics should use the scientific method to study. |
[
"(NP (NP (NNS things)) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT that)) (S (NP (NNS people)) (VP (VBP think) (SBAR (S (VP (VBP are) (ADJP (JJ good) (CC or) (JJ bad)))))))) (. .))",
"(S (NP (PRP$ Their) (NN work)) (VP (MD can) (VP (VB be) (VP (VBN used)))))"
] | things that people say are good or bad. Their work can be used. |
[
"(S (S (VP (VBG Understanding) (NP (NNS ethics)))) (VP (MD can) (VP (VB help) (S (NP (NNS people)) (VP (VB decide) (SBAR (SBAR (WHNP (WP what)) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB do))))) (SBAR (WHADVP (WRB when)) (S (NP (PRP they)) (VP (VBP have) (NP (NNS choices)))))))))) (. .))",
"(S (NP (JJ Many)) (VP (VBP think) (SBAR (IN that) (S (S (VP (VP (VBG doing) (NP (NN anything))) (CC or) (VP (VBG making) (NP (DT any) (NN choice))))) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (NP (DT a) (NN part)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NNS ethics)))))))) (. .))"
] | Understanding ethics can help people decide what to do when they have choices. Many say that doing anything or making any choice is a part of ethics. |
[
"(S (NP (NNP Bourland)) (VP (VBD had) (VP (VBN studied) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN discipline)) (-LRB- -LRB-) (NP (NP (NN way)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN thinking)))) (-RRB- -RRB-) (PP (IN of) (NP (NNP General) (NNPS Semantics)))))) (. .))",
"(S (NP (NP (DT The) (JJ main) (NN idea)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NNP General) (NNPS Semantics)))) (VP (VBZ is) (SBAR (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (NNS people)) (VP (MD can) (ADVP (RB only)) (VP (VB know) (SBAR (SBAR (WHNP (WP what)) (S (NP (PRP they)) (VBP observe) (CC and) (VBP experience))) (SBAR (WHADVP (WRB when)) (S (NP (PRP they)) (VP (VBP see) (, ,) (VB hear) (, ,) (VB touch) (, ,) (VB taste) (, ,) (VBP smell) (, ,) (VB think) (, ,) (CC and) (VBP feel))))))))) (, ,) (CC and) (ADVP (RB furthermore)) (, ,) (SBAR (IN that) (S (SBAR (WHNP (WP what)) (S (NP (PRP they)) (VP (VBP observe) (CC and) (VBP experience)))) (VP (MD can) (VP (VB affect) (SBAR (WHADVP (WRB how)) (S (NP (PRP they)) (VP (VBP observe) (CC and) (VBP experience) (PP (IN in) (NP (DT the) (NN future)))))))))))) (. .))",
"(S (SBAR (IN Because) (S (NP (DT each) (NN person)) (VP (VBZ has) (NP (JJ different) (NNS experiences)) (PP (IN throughout) (NP (PRP$ their) (NNS lives)))))) (, ,) (NP (PRP they)) (VP (VBP interpret) (NP (PRP$ their) (NNS experiences)) (ADVP (RB differently))) (. .))"
] | Bourland had studied the discipline (way of thinking) of General Semantics. The main idea of General Semantics is that people can only say what they observe and experience when they see, hear, touch, taste, smell, think, and feel, and furthermore, what they observe and experience can affect how they observe and experience in the future. Because each person has different experiences throughout their lives, they interpret their experiences differently. |
[
"(S (NP (NP (DT The) (NNP Ebola) (NN virus)) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT that)) (S (VP (VBZ makes) (S (NP (NNS people)) (ADJP (JJ sick))))))) (VP (VBZ lives) (PP (IN in) (NP (NP (NP (DT the) (NN blood)) (CC and) (NP (JJ other) (NNS liquids))) (CC and) (VP (NP (JJ wet) (NNS things)) (PP (IN in) (NP (NP (DT some) (NNS kinds)) (PP (IN of) (NP (ADJP (JJ non) (HYPH -) (JJ human)) (NNS animals)))))))) (PP (IN without) (S (VP (VBG killing) (NP (PRP them)))))) (. .))",
"(S (NP (NNS Scientists)) (VP (VBP think) (SBAR (S (NP (NP (DT the) (NNS animals)) (SBAR (S (NP (PRP it)) (VP (VBZ lives) (PP (IN in)))))) (VP (VBP are) (ADVP (RB mainly)) (NP (NP (DT some) (NNS kinds)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (NNS monkeys)) (CC or) (NP (NN fruit) (NNS bats))))))))) (. .))",
"(S (SBAR (WHADVP (WRB When)) (S (NP (NNS people)) (VP (VBP touch) (NP (NP (NP (NNS animals)) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT that)) (S (VP (VBP have) (NP (DT the) (NN virus)))))) (, ,) (CC or) (NP (NP (JJ wet) (NNS things)) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT that)) (S (VP (VBD came) (PP (IN out) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT those) (NNS animals)))))))))))) (, ,) (NP (PRP they)) (VP (MD can) (VP (VB get) (ADJP (JJ sick)))) (. .))"
] | The Ebola virus that makes people sick lives in the blood and other liquids and wet things in some kinds of non-human animals without killing them. Scientists say the animals it lives in are mainly some kinds of monkeys or fruit bats. When people touch animals that have the virus, or wet things that came out of those animals, they can get sick. |
[
"(S (NP (PRP$ Their) (NN head) (, ,) (NN stomach) (, ,) (NNS joints) (, ,) (CC and) (NN throat)) (VP (MD might) (VP (VB hurt))) (. .))",
"(S (ADVP (RB Sometimes)) (, ,) (NP (NNS people)) (VP (VBP think) (SBAR (S (NP (PRP they)) (VP (VBP have) (NP (NP (JJ other) (NNS diseases)) (PP (IN like) (NP (NP (NN malaria)) (CC or) (NP (NN typhoid) (NN fever))))))))) (. .))"
] | Their head, stomach, joints, and throat might hurt. Sometimes, people say they have other diseases like malaria or typhoid fever. |
[
"(S (S (NP (NP (JJ Ecological) (NNS economics)) (CC and) (NP (NML (JJ human) (NN development)) (NN theory))) (VP (VBP try) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB separate) (NP (DT the) (JJ economic) (NNS questions)) (PP (IN from) (NP (NNS others)))))))) (, ,) (CC but) (S (NP (PRP it)) (VP (VBZ is) (ADJP (JJ difficult)))) (. .))",
"(S (NP (JJ Many) (NNS people)) (VP (VBP think) (SBAR (SBAR (S (NP (NNS economics)) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (NP (RB just) (NN part)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN ecology)))) (ADVP (RB now))))) (, ,) (CC and) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (NP (NNS economics)) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT that)) (S (VP (VBZ ignores) (NP (PRP it)))))) (VP (VBZ is) (ADJP (JJ wrong))))))) (. .))",
"(S (`` \") (NP (JJ Natural) (NN capital)) ('' \") (VP (VBZ is) (NP (NP (DT an) (NN example)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (CD one) (NN theory)) (VP (VBG combining) (NP (DT both))))))) (. .))"
] | Ecological economics and human development theory try to separate the economic questions from others, but it is difficult. Many people say economics is just part of ecology now, and that economics that ignores it is wrong. "Natural capital" is an example of one theory combining both. |
[
"(S (PP (IN For) (NP (NN example))) (, ,) (NP (DT some) (NNS people)) (VP (VP (VBP buy) (CC and) (VBP sell) (NP (NN land))) (CC but) (VP (VBP are) (RB not) (ADJP (JJ interested) (PP (IN in) (S (VP (VBG doing) (NP (NN anything)) (PP (IN with) (NP (PRP it))))))))) (. .))",
"(S (NP (DT Some) (NNS people)) (VP (VBP think) (SBAR (S (NP (NP (DT this) (NN sort)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN trade)))) (VP (VBZ is) (ADJP (JJ bad)) (SBAR (IN because) (S (NP (DT the) (NN land)) (VP (MD should) (VP (VB be) (VP (VP (VBN used)) (CC and) (RB not) (ADVP (RB just)) (VP (VBN treated) (PP (IN like) (NP (NN money))))))))))))) (. .))",
"(S (NP (NP (JJ Other) (NNS types)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN capital))) (, ,) (PP (JJ such) (IN as) (NP (NP (JJ social) (NN capital)) (CC and) (NP (JJ human) (NN capital))))) (VP (VBP are) (ADVP (RB rarely)) (VP (VBN treated) (PP (IN like) (NP (JJ financial) (NN capital))))) (. .))"
] | For example, some people buy and sell land but are not interested in doing anything with it. Some people say this sort of trade is bad because the land should be used and not just treated like money. Other types of capital, such as social capital and human capital are rarely treated like financial capital. |
[
"(S (PP (IN In) (NP (NN addition))) (, ,) (ADVP (RB sometime)) (NP (NNS beliefs)) (VP (VP (VBP do) (RB not) (VP (VB relate) (PP (IN to) (NP (DT the) (NN religion))))) (CC but) (VP (VBP belong) (PP (IN to) (NP (DT the) (NN culture))))) (. .))",
"(S (PP (IN For) (NP (NN example))) (, ,) (S (NP (DT some) (NNS people)) (VP (VBP pay) (NP (NN respect)) (PP (IN to) (NP (`` \") (NML (NNP Guān) (NNP Yīn)) ('' \") (NN mothergod))))) (CC and) (S (NP (DT those) (NNS followers)) (VP (MD will) (RB not) (VP (VB consume) (`` \") (NP (NN beef)) ('' \") (SBAR (IN as) (S (NP (PRP they)) (VP (VBP believe) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (PRP$ her) (NN father)) (VP (VBZ has) (NP (NP (DT a) (NN shape)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (NN cow))))))))))))) (. .))"
] | In addition, sometime beliefs do not relate to the religion but belong to the culture. For example, some people pay respect to "Guān Yīn" mothergod and those followers will not consume "beef" as they say that her father has a shape of the cow. |
[
"(S (PP (IN In) (NP (NNP Japan))) (, ,) (S (NP (NNS people)) (VP (VBP do) (RB not) (VP (VB wear) (NP (NNS shoes)) (PP (IN in) (NP (NNS homes)))))) (, ,) (CC and) (S (NP (NNS floors)) (VP (VBP are) (ADVP (RB often)) (VP (VBN made) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (ADJP (RB very) (JJ soft)) (NNS materials)) (, ,) (ADJP (RB too) (JJ soft) (PP (IN for) (NP (NNS shoes))))))))) (. .))",
"(S (PP (IN In) (NP (NP (NNS cultures)) (SBAR (WHADVP (WRB where)) (S (NP (NNS people)) (ADVP (RB always)) (VP (VBP wear) (NP (NNS shoes))))))) (, ,) (NP (NNS people)) (ADVP (RB sometimes)) (VP (VBP think) (SBAR (S (NP (NP (PRP it))) (VP (VBZ is) (ADJP (JJ bad)) (S (RB not) (VP (TO to) (VP (VB wear) (NP (PRP them))))))))) (. .))",
"(S (S (RB Not) (VP (VBG wearing) (NP (NNS shoes)))) (VP (MD can) (VP (VB be) (ADJP (JJ good) (PP (PP (IN for) (NP (DT the) (NNS feet))) (, ,) (PP (ADVP (RB especially)) (IN for) (NP (NP (NNS children) (POS 's)) (NNS feet))))))) (. .))"
] | In Japan, people do not wear shoes in homes, and floors are often made of very soft materials, too soft for shoes. In cultures where people always wear shoes, people sometimes say it is bad not to wear them. Not wearing shoes can be good for the feet, especially for children's feet. |
[
"(S (NP (DT Some)) (VP (VBP think) (SBAR (S (NP (NP (DT the) (JJ first) (NNS people)) (PP (IN in) (NP (NNP Finland)))) (ADVP (RB already)) (VP (VBD spoke) (NP (NP (DT a) (NN language)) (ADJP (JJ similar) (PP (IN to) (NP (NP (DT the) (JJ Finnish) (NN language)) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT that)) (S (VP (VBZ is) (VP (VBN spoken) (NP (NN today)))))))))))))) (. .))",
"(S (NP (PRP It)) (VP (VBZ is) (VP (VBN known) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (NP (DT an) (JJ early) (NN form)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (JJ Finnish) (NN language)))) (VP (VBD was) (VP (VBN spoken) (PP (IN in) (NP (NNP Finland))) (PP (IN in) (NP (DT the) (NNP Iron) (NNP Age))))))))) (. .))"
] | Some say the first people in Finland already spoke a language similar to the Finnish language that is spoken today. It is known that an early form of the Finnish language was spoken in Finland in the Iron Age. |
[
"(S (NP (NNP Hinduism)) (VP (VBZ says) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (EX there)) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (NP (CD one) (NNP God)) (SBAR (WHNP (WP who)) (S (VP (MD can) (VP (VB come) (PP (IN in) (NP (JJ many) (NNS forms)))))))))))) (. .))",
"(S (NP (NNS Theists)) (VP (VBP believe) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (NNP God)) (VP (VBD created) (NP (NP (NN everything)) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT that)) (S (VP (VP (VBZ exists)) (CC and) (VBZ has) (ADVP (RB ever)) (VP (VBN existed)))))))))) (. .))",
"(S (PP (IN In) (NP (JJS most) (NNS religions))) (, ,) (NP (NNP God)) (VP (VBZ is) (VP (VBN believed) (S (VP (VP (TO to) (VP (VP (VB be) (ADJP (JJ immortal))) (PRN (-LRB- -LRB-) (SBAR (S (VP (MD can) (RB not) (VP (VB die))))) (-RRB- -RRB-)))) (, ,) (CC and) (VP (TO to) (VP (VB have) (NP (JJ unlimited) (NN power)))))))) (. .))"
] | Hinduism says that there is one God who can come in many forms. Theists say that God created everything that exists and has ever existed. In most religions, God is believed to be immortal (cannot die), and to have unlimited power. |
[
"(S (NP (NP (NNS People)) (SBAR (WHNP (WP who)) (S (VP (VBP reject) (NP (NN belief) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (NP (NNP God)) (CC or) (NP (DT any) (NNS deities))) (VP (VBP exist))))))))) (VP (VBP are) (VP (VBN called) (S (NP (NNS atheists))))) (. .))",
"(S (NP (NNS Agnostics)) (VP (VBP think) (SBAR (S (NP (PRP we)) (VP (VP (MD can) (RB not) (VP (VB know) (PP (IN for) (ADJP (JJ sure))) (SBAR (IN whether) (S (NP (NNP God) (CC or) (NNS gods)) (VP (VBP exist)))))) (, ,) (CC but) (ADVP (RB still)) (VP (VP (MD might)) (-LRB- -LRB-) (CC or) (VP (MD might) (RB not)) (-RRB- -RRB-) (VP (VB believe) (SBAR (S (NP (QP (ADVP (RB at) (RBS least)) (CD one)) (NN deity)) (VP (VBZ exists)))))))))) (. .))",
"(S (NP (NP (NNS People)) (SBAR (WHNP (WP who)) (S (VP (VBP believe) (PP (PP (IN in) (NP (NNP God))) (CC but) (RB not) (PP (IN in) (NP (JJ traditional) (NNS religions)))))))) (VP (VBP are) (VP (VBN called) (S (`` \") (NP (NNS deists))))) (. \") (. .))"
] | People who reject belief that God or any deities exist are called atheists. Agnostics say we cannot know for sure whether God or gods exist, but still might (or might not) say at least one deity exists. People who believe in God but not in traditional religions are called "deists". |
[
"(S (NP (NP (NNS People)) (SBAR (WHNP (WP who)) (S (VP (VBP believe) (PP (PP (IN in) (NP (NNP God))) (CC but) (RB not) (PP (IN in) (NP (JJ traditional) (NNS religions)))))))) (VP (VBP are) (VP (VBN called) (S (`` \") (NP (NNS deists))))) (. \") (. .))",
"(S (NP (NP (NNS People)) (SBAR (WHNP (WP who)) (S (VP (VBP believe) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (NP (DT the) (NN definition)) (PP (IN of) (`` \") (`` \") (NP (NNP God)) ('' \") ('' \"))) (VP (MD should) (VP (VB be) (VP (VBN defined) (PP (IN before) (S (VP (VBG taking) (NP (DT a) (JJ theological) (NN position)))))))))))))) (VP (VBP are) (ADJP (JJ ignostic))) (. .))"
] | People who believe in God but not in traditional religions are called "deists". People who say that the definition of ""God"" should be defined before taking a theological position are ignostic. |
[
"(S (NP (NP (NNS Arguments)) (PP (IN against) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN existence)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NNP God)))))) (ADVP (RB typically)) (VP (VBP include) (NP (ADJP (JJ empirical) (, ,) (JJ deductive) (, ,) (CC and) (JJ inductive)) (NNS arguments))) (. .))",
"(S (NP (NNS Conclusions)) (ADVP (RB sometimes)) (VP (VBP include) (: :) (`` \") (S (NP (NNP God)) (VP (VP (VBZ does) (RB not) (VP (VB exist))) ('' \") (-LRB- -LRB-) (NP (JJ strong) (NN atheism)))) (-RRB- -RRB-) (: ;) (`` \") (S (S (NP (NNP God)) (ADVP (RB almost) (RB certainly)) (VP (VBZ does) (RB not) (VP (VB exist)))) ('' \") (-LRB- -LRB-) (`` \") (NP (ADJP (FW de) (FW facto)) ('' \") (NN atheism))) (-RRB- -RRB-) (: ;) (`` \") (NP (DT no) (PRP one)) (VP (VP (VP (VP (VBZ knows) (SBAR (IN whether) (S (NP (NNP God)) (VP (VP (VBZ exists)) ('' \") (-LRB- -LRB-) (NP (NN agnosticism)))))) (-RRB- -RRB-)) (: ;) (`` \") (S (NP (NNP God)) (VP (VBZ exists)))) (, ,) (CC but) (S (S (NP (DT this)) (VP (MD can) (RB not) (VP (VB be) (VP (VBN proven) (CC or) (VBN disproven))))) ('' \") (-LRB- -LRB-) (NP (NN deism) (CC or) (NN theism)))) (-RRB- -RRB-) (-RRB- ;) (CC and) (`` \") (NP (S (NP (NNP God)) (VP (VBZ exists))) (CC and) (NP (DT this))) (VP (MD can) (VP (VB be) (VP (VBN proven) ('' \") (-LRB- -LRB-) (NP (NN theism)) (-RRB- -RRB-))))) (-RRB- .))",
"(S (NP (EX There)) (VP (VBP are) (NP (NP (NP (JJ many) (NNS variations)) (PP (IN on) (NP (DT these) (NNS positions)))) (, ,) (CC and) (ADVP (RB sometimes)) (NP (NP (JJ different) (NNS names)) (PP (IN for) (NP (NP (DT some)) (PP (IN of) (NP (PRP them)))))))) (. .))"
] | Arguments against the existence of God typically include empirical, deductive, and inductive arguments. Conclusions sometimes include: "God does not exist" (strong atheism); "God almost certainly does not exist" ("de facto" atheism); "no one says whether God exists" (agnosticism); "God exists, but this cannot be proven or disproven" (deism or theism); and "God exists and this can be proven" (theism). There are many variations on these positions, and sometimes different names for some of them. |
[
"(S (NP (ADJP (RB Well) (HYPH -) (VBN known)) (JJ Abrahamic) (NNS religions)) (VP (VBP include) (NP (NNP Judaism) (, ,) (NNP Christianity) (, ,) (CC and) (NNP Islam))) (. .))",
"(S (ADJP (JJ Monotheistic)) (VP (VBZ means) (SBAR (S (NP (NP (DT the) (NNS people)) (PP (IN in) (NP (DT these) (NNS religions)))) (VP (VBP believe) (SBAR (S (NP (EX there)) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (QP (RB only) (CD one)) (NNP God))))))))) (. .))",
"(S (S (NP (NP (DT The) (NN name)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NNP God)))) (VP (VBZ is) (ADVP (RB usually)) (RB not) (VP (VBN allowed) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB be) (VP (VBN said) (PP (IN in) (NP (NNP Judaism)))))))))) (, ,) (CC but) (S (NP (DT some) (NNPS Jews)) (NP (NN today)) (VP (VBP call) (NP (PRP him)) (S (NP (NP (NNP YHWH) (-LRB- -LRB-) (NP (NNP Yahweh)) (-RRB- -RRB-)) (CC or) (NP (NNP Jehovah)))))) (. .))"
] | Well-known Abrahamic religions include Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. Monotheistic means the people in these religions say there is only one God. The name of God is usually not allowed to be said in Judaism, but some Jews today call him YHWH (Yahweh) or Jehovah. |
[
"(S (S (NP (NP (NNS Believers)) (PP (IN in) (NP (DT the) (JJ Abrahamic) (NNS religions))) (-LRB- -LRB-) (PP (IN except) (NP (JJ Islamic) (NNS believers))) (-RRB- -RRB-)) (VP (VBP believe) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (NNP God)) (VP (VBZ has) (VP (VBN created) (NP (JJ human) (NNS beings)) (PP (IN in) (NP (PRP$ his) (NN image))))))))) (, ,) (CC but) (S (NP (DT this) (NN idea)) (VP (VBZ is) (RB not) (ADVP (RB easily)) (VP (VBN understood) (PP (IN by) (NP (NN humankind)))))) (. .))",
"(S (NP (CD One) (JJ artistic) (NN idea)) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (NP (DT that)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (DT an) (JJ wise) (JJ elder) (NN man)) (PP (IN in) (NP (NP (NN use)) (PP (IN since) (NP (DT the) (NNP Renaissance))))))))) (. .))"
] | Believers in the Abrahamic religions (except Islamic sayrs) say that God has created human beings in his image, but this idea is not easily understood by humankind. One artistic idea is that of an wise elder man in use since the Renaissance. |
[
"(S (PP (IN Within) (NP (JJ Christian) (NN canon))) (NP (DT the) (NNP Old) (NNP Testament)) (VP (VBZ talks) (IN about) (`` \") (NP (NNP God) (NP (DT the) (NNP Father))) (, \") ('' ,) (SBAR (SBAR (IN whilst) (S (NP (DT the) (NNP New) (NNP Testament)) (VP (VBZ is) (PP (IN about) (NP (NP (NNP Jesus)) (, ,) (CC or) (`` \") (NP (NNP God) (NP (DT the) (NNP Son)))))))) ('' \"))) (. .))",
"(S (NP (JJ Many) (NNPS Christians)) (VP (VBP believe) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (NNP Jesus)) (VP (VBD was) (NP (NP (NP (NNP God) (POS 's)) (NN incarnation)) (PP (IN on) (NP (NNP Earth)))))))) (. .))",
"(S (NP (NNS Christians)) (VP (VBP consider) (S (NP (DT the) (NNP Holy) (NNP Spirit)) (VP (TO to) (VP (VB be) (NP (NP (NNP God)) (ADVP (RB as) (RB well)) (, ,) (NP (NP (DT the) (JJ third) (NN person)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NNP God))))))))) (. .))"
] | Within Christian canon the Old Testament talks about "God the Father", whilst the New Testament is about Jesus, or "God the Son". Many Christians say that Jesus was God's incarnation on Earth. Christians consider the Holy Spirit to be God as well, the third person of God. |
[
"(S (SBAR (IN Although) (S (NP (DT the) (NN word) (`` \") (NNP Trinity) ('' \")) (VP (VBZ is) (RB not) (PP (IN in) (NP (DT the) (NNP Bible)))))) (, ,) (S (NP (NP (DT the) (NN word)) (VP (VBN used) (PP (IN for) (NP (NNP God))) (PP (IN in) (NP (NP (NN chapter) (CD one)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NNP Genesis))))))) (VP (VBZ is) (ADVP (RB actually)) (ADJP (JJ plural)))) (, ,) (CC and) (S (NP (NP (DT the) (NN phrase)) (`` \") (PP (IN in) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN name)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (NML (NNP Father)) (, ,) (NML (NNP Son)) (CC and) (NML (NNP Holy) (NNP Spirit)))))) ('' ')) (VP (VBZ is) (VP (VBN used) (PP (IN in) (NP (DT the) (NNP New) (NNP Testament))) (, ,) (-LRB- -LRB-) (NP (FW e.g.) (NP (NNP Matthew) (CD 28:19))) (-RRB- -RRB-)))) (. .))",
"(S (NP (NP (DT Another) (NN word)) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT that)) (S (NP (NNPS Christians)) (VP (VBP believe) (SBAR (S (VBZ has) (NP (NP (RB exactly) (DT the) (JJ same) (NN meaning)) (PP (IN as) (NP (`` \") (NP (NN Trinity)) ('' \")))))))))) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN word) (VP (`` \") (NNP Godhead))) (, \") (, ,) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT which)) (S (VP (`` \") (VBZ is) ('' \") (PP (IN in) (NP (DT the) (NNP Holy) (NNP Bible)))))))) (. .))"
] | Although the word "Trinity" is not in the Bible, the word used for God in chapter one of Genesis is actually plural, and the phrase "in the name of the Father, Son and Holy Spirit' is used in the New Testament, (e.g. |
[
"(S (NP (NNS Christians)) (VP (VBP believe) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (NNP God)) (VP (VBD incarnated) (PP (IN in) (NP (DT a) (JJ human) (NN body))) (, ,) (PP (IN through) (NP (DT the) (JJ normal) (NN birth) (NN process))) (, ,) (S (VP (ADVP (RB normally)) (VP (VBG growing) (PRT (RP up)) (PP (IN into) (NP (NP (DT a) (NN man)) (VP (VP (VBN named) (NP (NNP Jesus))) (CC or) (-LRB- -LRB-) (NP (NNP Yeshua)) (-RRB- -RRB-))))) (, ,) (S (VP (VBG coming) (PP (IN to) (NP (NNP Earth))) (S (ADVP (RB specifically)) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB give) (NP (DT every) (NN person)) (NP (NP (DT an) (NN opportunity)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (NN salvation)) (PP (IN from) (NP (NP (PRP$ their) (JJ own) (NN evil)) (, ,) (VP (VBN called) (S (NP (NN sin))))))))))))))))))))) (. .))",
"(S (S (NP (NP (DT The) (NN effect)) (PP (IN of) (NP (JJ personal) (NN evil)))) (ADVP (RB far)) (VP (VP (VBZ transcends) (NP (NP (DT the) (NNS repercussions)) (SBAR (S (NP (NNS humans)) (VP (VBP cause) (PP (IN to) (NP (CD one) (DT another))) (PP (IN in) (NP (DT the) (NN world)))))))) (, ,) (CC but) (VP (VBZ affects) (NP (NP (NP (PRP one) (POS 's)) (NN relationship)) (PP (IN with) (NP (NP (NNP God)) (NP (DT the) (NNP Father)))))))) (, ,) (CC and) (S (NP (NP (DT that) (NN aspect)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (NN self)))) (VP (VP (MD can) (RB not) (VP (VB be) (VP (VBN addressed) (PP (IN through) (NP (NP (PRP one) (POS 's)) (JJ own) (NML (NN self) (HYPH -) (NN improvement)) (NNS efforts)))))) (, ,) (CC but) (VP (VBZ requires) (NP (NNP God)) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB intervene) (SBAR (IN in) (NN order) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB set) (NP (CD one)) (NN right))))))))))) (. .))"
] | Christians say that God incarnated in a human body, through the normal birth process, normally growing up into a man named Jesus or (Yeshua), coming to Earth specifically to give every person an opportunity of salvation from their own evil, called sin. The effect of personal evil far transcends the repercussions humans cause to one another in the world, but affects one's relationship with God the Father, and that aspect of the self cannot be addressed through one's own self-improvement efforts, but requires God to intervene in order to set one right. |
[
"(S (NP (DT Some) (NNPS Hindus)) (ADVP (RB also)) (VP (VBP believe) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (NP (DT the) (NN spirit)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NNP God)))) (VP (VBZ lives) (PP (IN in) (NP (NN everyone))))))) (. .))",
"(S (NP (DT This) (NN idea)) (VP (VBZ is) (VP (VBN called) (S (NP (NP (NNP Advaita) (NNP Vedanta)) (, ,) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT which)) (S (VP (VBZ is) (NP (NP (DT the) (JJ Hindu) (NN term)) (PP (IN for) (NP (NNP Monism))))))))))) (. .))"
] | Some Hindus also say that the spirit of God lives in everyone. This idea is called Advaita Vedanta, which is the Hindu term for Monism. |
[
"(S (PP (IN In) (NP (NNP Shinto))) (, ,) (NP (EX there)) (VP (VBZ is) (RB not) (NP (DT a) (JJ single) (JJ specific) (NNP God)) (, ,) (SBAR (IN as) (S (VP (VBZ is) (PP (IN in) (NP (JJS most) (NNS religions))))))) (, ,) (CC but) (ADVP (RB instead)) (, ,) (NP (NP (NP (NP (NP (DT a) (JJ wide) (NN variety)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NNS deities)))) (VP (VBN called) (S (`` \") (NP (FW kami))))) (, \")) ('' ,) (NP (PRP they)) (VP (VBP are) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN spirit) (CC and) (NN essence)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (DT all) (NN nature) (NNS things)) (, ,) (ADJP (DT both) (JJ animate) (CC and) (JJ inanimate)) (, ,) (PP (ADVP (RB even)) (VBG including) (NP (NP (NNS rocks) (, ,) (NNS trees) (CC and) (NN poetry)) (, ,) (PP (IN for) (NP (NN example)))))))))) (. .))",
"(S (SBAR (IN As) (S (NP (NNP Shinto)) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (DT a) (JJ polytheistic) (NN religion))))) (, ,) (NP (PRP it)) (VP (VBZ is) (ADVP (RB usually)) (VP (VBN believed) (SBAR (IN that) (S (S (NP (EX there)) (VP (VP (VBP are) (NP (`` \") (NP (QP (CD eight) (HYPH -) (CD million)) (NNP Kami)) ('' \") (NP (-LRB- -LRB-) (-LRB- 八百万の神) (FW yaoyorozu) (HYPH -) (FW no) (HYPH -) (NN kami) (-RRB- -RRB-)))) (, ,) (PP (IN in) (NP (DT the) (JJ Japanese) (NN language))))) (, ,) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN number)) (`` \") (NP (QP (CD eight) (HYPH -) (NN million))) ('' \")) (VP (VBZ is) (ADVP (RB normally)) (VP (VBN used) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB mean) (NP (NN infinity))))))))))) (. .))"
] | In Shinto, there is not a single specific God, as is in most religions, but instead, a wide variety of deities called "kami", they are the spirit and essence of all nature things, both animate and inanimate, even including rocks, trees and poetry, for example. As Shinto is a polytheistic religion, it is usually said that there are "eight-million Kami" (八百万の神 yaoyorozu-no-kami), in the Japanese language, the number "eight-million" is normally used to mean infinity. |
[
"(S (NP (EX There)) (VP (VBP have) (VP (VBN been) (NP (JJ several) (NNS attempts) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB prove) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN existence)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NNP God)))) (PP (IN with) (NP (NN logic))))))))) (. .))",
"(S (NP (NNP Blaise) (NNP Pascal)) (VP (VBD said) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (NP (PRP it))) (VP (VBZ is) (ADJP (JJR better)) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB believe) (SBAR (S (NP (EX there)) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (DT a) (NN god)))))))) (, ,) (SBAR (IN than) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB believe) (SBAR (S (NP (EX there)) (VP (VBZ is) (RB n't)))))))))))) (. .))",
"(S (NP (DT This) (NN argument)) (VP (VBZ is) (VP (VBN known) (IN as) (NP (NP (NP (NNP Pascal) (POS 's)) (NN wager)) (NP (NN today))))) (. .))"
] | There have been several attempts to prove the existence of God with logic. Blaise Pascal said that it is better to say there is a god, than to say there isn't. This argument is known as Pascal's wager today. |
[
"(S (PP (IN In) (NP (NN folklore))) (, ,) (S (NP (DT a) (NN ghost)) (VP (VBZ is) (VP (VBN considered) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB be) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN spirit)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT a) (JJ dead) (NN person)))))))))) (CC or) (S (NP (PRP they)) (VP (VBP are) (VP (VBN referred) (PP (IN to)) (PP (IN as) (NP (DT the) (JJ supernatural))) (PP (IN by) (NP (NNS others)))))) (. .))",
"(S (S (NP (NNS Scientists)) (VP (VBP say) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (EX there)) (VP (VBP are) (NP (DT no) (JJ real) (NNS ghosts))))))) (, ,) (CC but) (S (NP (JJ many) (NNS people)) (VP (VBP believe) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (EX there)) (VP (VBP are)))))) (. .))",
"(S (NP (EX There)) (VP (DT a) (VP (VBP are) (NP (NP (JJ huge) (NN amount)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (NNS stories)) (PP (IN about) (NP (NNS ghosts)))))) (PP (IN in) (NP (NNS books) (CC and) (NNS movies))))) (. .))"
] | In folklore, a ghost is considered to be the spirit of a dead person or they are referred to as the supernatural by others. Scientists say that there are no real ghosts, but many people say that there are. There a are huge amount of stories about ghosts in books and movies. |
[
"(S (NP (JJ Many) (NNS people)) (VP (VBP believe) (SBAR (S (NP (PRP they)) (VP (VBP have) (VP (VBN seen) (NP (NNS ghosts))))))) (. .))",
"(S (NP (NNS Others)) (VP (VBP believe) (SBAR (S (NP (PRP they)) (VP (VBP have) (VP (VBN felt) (NP (NNS ghosts)) (PP (IN near) (NP (PRP them)))))))) (. .))",
"(S (S (ADVP (RB Often)) (NP (DT the) (NN ghost)) (VP (VBZ is) (VP (VBN said) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB appear) (PP (IN as) (NP (NP (DT a) (NN feeling)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (NN cold)) (CC and) (NP (NP (DT a) (NN light)) (CC or) (NP (DT a) (JJ misty) (NN cloud))))))))))))) (, ,) (CC but) (S (ADVP (RB sometimes)) (NP (NNS people)) (VP (VBP say) (SBAR (S (NP (PRP they)) (VP (VBP have) (VP (VBN seen) (NP (NP (NNS ghosts)) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT that)) (S (VP (VBP look) (PP (ADVP (RBR more)) (IN like) (NP (NNS people))))))))))))) (. .))"
] | Many people say they have seen ghosts. Others say they have felt ghosts near them. Often the ghost is said to appear as a feeling of cold and a light or a misty cloud, but sometimes people say they have seen ghosts that look more like people. |
[
"(S (NP (NP (DT A) (JJ special) (NN case)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (JJ last)))) (VP (VBZ is) (PP (IN in) (NP (NP (DT a) (NN wiki)) (PP (IN with) (NP (DT a) (NNP GodKing)))))) (. .))",
"(S (ADVP (RB Often)) (NP (DT this) (NN person)) (VP (MD can) (VP (VB get) (S (NP (NNS others)) (VP (TO to) (VP (VB believe) (SBAR (WHNP (WP what)) (S (NP (PRP they)) (VP (VBP say) (PP (IN about) (SBAR (WHNP (WP what)) (S (VP (VBZ is) (ADJP (JJ right))))))))) (, ,) (PP (IN without) (S (VP (VBG making) (NP (DT any) (JJ special) (NN effort) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB be) (ADJP (JJ fair) (PP (IN to) (NP (JJ other) (NNS views)))))))))))))))) (. .))"
] | A special case of the last is in a wiki with a GodKing. Often this person can get others to say what they say about what is right, without making any special effort to be fair to other views. |
[
"(S (NP (JJ Many) (NNS people)) (VP (VBP think) (SBAR (S (NP (NNP René) (NNP Descartes)) (VP (VBD took) (NP (DT a) (NML (NP (NNP God) (POS 's)) (NN eye)) (NN view)) (SBAR (WHADVP (WRB when)) (S (NP (PRP he)) (VP (VBD said) (NP (FW cogito) (FW ergo) (NN sum))))))))) (. .))",
"(S (NP (NNP George) (NNP Berkeley)) (VP (VBD argued) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (NP (NNS optics)) (PP (IN from) (NP (NP (NNP Isaac) (NNP Newton)) (CC and) (NP (NNP Johannes) (NNP Kepler))))) (ADVP (RB also)) (VP (VBD had) (NP (DT this) (NN problem)))))) (. .))"
] | Many people say René Descartes took a God's eye view when he said cogito ergo sum. George Berkeley argued that optics from Isaac Newton and Johannes Kepler also had this problem. |
[
"(S (NP (NNP Google)) (VP (VBZ makes) (NP (NN money)) (PP (IN by) (NP (NN advertising)))) (. .))",
"(S (S (NP (NP (NNS People) (CC or) (NNS companies)) (SBAR (WHNP (WP who)) (S (VP (VBP want) (S (NP (NNS people)) (VP (TO to) (VP (VB buy) (NP (PRP$ their) (NN product) (, ,) (NN service) (, ,) (CC or) (NNS ideas))))))))) (VP (VBP give) (NP (NNP Google)) (NP (NN money)))) (, ,) (CC and) (S (NP (NNP Google)) (VP (VBZ shows) (NP (DT an) (NN advertisement)) (PP (IN to) (NP (NP (NNS people)) (SBAR (S (NP (NNP Google)) (VP (VBZ thinks) (SBAR (S (VP (MD will) (VP (VB click) (PP (IN on) (NP (DT the) (NN advertisement)))))))))))))) (. .))",
"(S (S (NP (NNP Google)) (ADVP (RB only)) (VP (VBZ gets) (NP (NN money)) (SBAR (WHADVP (WRB when)) (S (NP (NNS people)) (VP (VBP click) (PP (IN on) (NP (DT the) (NN link)))))))) (, ,) (IN so) (S (S (NP (PRP it)) (VP (VBZ tries) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB know) (NP (NP (ADJP (RB as) (JJ much))) (PP (PP (IN about) (NP (NNS people))) (PP (IN as) (ADJP (JJ possible))))) (S (VP (TO to) (ADVP (RB only)) (VP (VB show) (NP (DT the) (NN advertisement)) (PP (IN to) (NP (DT the) (`` \") (JJ right) (NNS people))))))))))) (. \")) (. .))"
] | Google makes money by advertising. People or companies who want people to buy their product, service, or ideas give Google money, and Google shows an advertisement to people Google says will click on the advertisement. Google only gets money when people click on the link, so it tries to know as much about people as possible to only show the advertisement to the "right people". |
[
"(S (NP (PRP It)) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (NP (NP (DT a) (NN deed)) (PP (IN by) (NP (NN government)))) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT that)) (S (VP (VBZ gives) (NP (DT this) (NN right)) (PP (IN in) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN way)) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT that)) (S (NP (NNS laws)) (VP (VBP describe))))))))))) (. .))",
"(S (NP (DT Some)) (VP (VBP think) (SBAR (S (NP (PRP they)) (VP (VBP have) (NP (DT the) (NN right) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB hold) (NP (NN land)) (PP (IN without) (NP (NN government) (NN permission))))))))))) (. .))",
"(S (NP (DT This) (NN view)) (VP (VBZ is) (VP (VBN called) (S (NP (NN libertarianism))))) (. .))"
] | It is a deed by government that gives this right in the way that laws describe. Some say they have the right to hold land without government permission. This view is called libertarianism. |
[
"(S (NP (DT This) (NN view)) (VP (VBZ is) (VP (VBN called) (S (NP (NN libertarianism))))) (. .))",
"(S (NP (NNS Others)) (VP (VBP think) (SBAR (S (NP (PRP they)) (VP (MD can) (VP (VB do) (PP (IN without) (NP (NN government)))))))) (. .))",
"(S (NP (DT This) (NN view)) (VP (VBZ is) (VP (VBN called) (S (NP (NN anarchism))))) (. .))"
] | This view is called libertarianism. Others say they can do without government. This view is called anarchism. |
[
"(S (NP (DT These)) (VP (VBP are) (VP (VBN called) (S (NP (NP (NNS theories)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NNS civics))))))) (. .))",
"(S (NP (JJ Many) (NNS people)) (VP (VBP think) (SBAR (S (NP (NNS leaders)) (VP (MD must) (VP (VB be) (VP (VBN elected) (PP (IN by) (NP (NP (DT some) (NN kind)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN democracy))))))))))) (. .))",
"(S (NP (DT That) (NN way)) (, ,) (NP (PRP they)) (VP (MD can) (VP (VB be) (VP (VBN replaced) (PP (IN at) (NP (NN election)))))) (. .))"
] | These are called theories of civics. Many people say leaders must be elected by some kind of democracy. That way, they can be replaced at election. |
[
"(S (NP (NN History)) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN study)) (PP (IN of) (NP (JJ past) (NNS events))))) (. .))",
"(S (NP (NNS People)) (VP (VBP know) (SBAR (WHNP (WP what)) (S (VP (VBD happened) (PP (IN in) (NP (DT the) (NN past)))))) (PP (IN by) (S (VP (VBG looking) (PP (IN at) (NP (NP (NP (NNS things)) (`` \") (IN from) ('' \") (NP (DT the) (NN past))) (PP (VBG including) (NP (NP (NP (NNS sources)) (-LRB- -LRB-) (PP (IN like) (NP (NNS books) (, ,) (NNS newspapers) (, ,) (CC and) (NNS letters))) (-RRB- -RRB-)) (CC and) (NP (NP (NNS artifacts)) (-LRB- -LRB-) (PP (IN like) (NP (NN pottery) (, ,) (NNS tools) (, ,) (CC and) (NP (NML (JJ human) (CC or) (NN animal)) (NNS remains))))))))))))) (. .) (-RRB- -RRB-))",
"(S (NP (NNS Libraries) (, ,) (NNS archives) (, ,) (CC and) (NNS museums)) (VP (VBP collect) (CC and) (VBP keep) (NP (DT these) (NNS things)) (SBAR (IN for) (S (NP (NNS people)) (VP (TO to) (VP (VB study) (NP (NN history))))))) (. .))"
] | History is the study of past events. People say what happened in the past by looking at things "from" the past including sources (like books, newspapers, and letters) and artifacts (like pottery, tools, and human or animal remains.) Libraries, archives, and museums collect and keep these things for people to study history. |
[
"(S (NP (NP (DT Some) (NNS groups)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NNS people)))) (ADVP (RB never)) (VP (VBD met) (NP (DT each) (JJ other))) (. .))",
"(S (NP (NP (DT The) (NNS rulers)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (NNP Medieval) (NNP Europe)) (, ,) (NP (NNP Ancient) (NNP Rome)) (CC and) (NP (NNP Ancient) (NNP China))))) (DT each) (VP (VBD thought) (SBAR (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (PRP they)) (VP (VBD ruled) (NP (NP (DT the) (JJ only) (JJ important) (NNS parts)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (NN world))))))) (CC and) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (JJ other) (NNS parts)) (VP (VBD were) (`` \") (ADJP (JJ barbarian))))))) (. \") ('' .))",
"(S (CC But) (NP (PRP they)) (VP (VBD were) (ADVP (RB still)) (VP (VBN connected) (, ,) (SBAR (ADVP (RB even)) (IN if) (S (NP (PRP they)) (VP (VBD did) (RB n't) (VP (VB realize) (NP (PRP it)))))))) (. .))"
] | Some groups of people never met each other. The rulers of Medieval Europe, Ancient Rome and Ancient China each said that they ruled the only important parts of the world and that other parts were "barbarian". But they were still connected, even if they didn't realize it. |
[
"(S (S (NP (DT The) (NN land)) (VP (VBD was) (ADJP (JJ dry)) (PP (IN because) (IN of) (NP (ADJP (RB not) (JJ much)) (NN rain))))) (: ;) (S (NP (DT some)) (VP (VBD was) (NP (DT a) (NN desert)))) (. .))",
"(S (S (NP (DT The) (NNS explorers)) (VP (VBD thought) (SBAR (S (NP (DT no) (NNS crops)) (VP (MD could) (VP (VB be) (VP (VBN grown)))))))) (CC and) (IN so) (S (NP (NP (PRP it))) (VP (MD would) (VP (VB be) (ADJP (JJ difficult)) (SBAR (IN for) (S (NP (NNS people)) (VP (TO to) (VP (VB live) (ADVP (RB there))))))))) (. .))",
"(S (NP (PRP They)) (VP (VBD decided) (SBAR (S (NP (EX there)) (VP (MD would) (VP (VB be) (NP (NP (DT no) (JJ economic) (NNS reasons)) (SBAR (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB stay))))))))))) (. .))"
] | The land was dry because of not much rain; some was a desert. The explorers said no crops could be grown and so it would be difficult for people to live there. They decided there would be no economic reasons to stay. |
[
"(S (NP (PRP They)) (VP (VBD found) (NP (NP (ADJP (JJ damaged) (CC and) (VBG dying)) (NNS societies)) (PP (IN with) (NP (NP (NNS people)) (SBAR (WHNP (WP who)) (S (VP (VBD had) (VP (VBN lost) (NP (NP (DT some)) (PP (IN of) (NP (PRP$ their) (ADJP (RBS most) (JJ important)) (NNS leaders) (CC and) (NNS thinkers)))))))))))) (. .))",
"(S (NP (DT The) (NNPS Spaniards)) (VP (VP (VBD thought) (SBAR (S (NP (DT this)) (VP (VBD meant) (SBAR (S (NP (PRP they)) (VP (VBD were) (ADJP (JJ inferior))))))))) (, ,) (CC and) (VP (VBD used) (NP (DT this)) (PP (IN as) (NP (NP (DT an) (NN excuse)) (SBAR (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB enslave) (NP (DT the) (NNS natives)))))))))) (. .))",
"(S (NP (NP (NNS Millions)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NNS natives)))) (VP (VBD died) (S (VP (VBG mining) (NP (NN gold)) (PP (IN for) (NP (DT the) (NNPS Spanish)))))) (. .))"
] | They found damaged and dying societies with people who had lost some of their most important leaders and thinkers. The Spaniards said this meant they were inferior, and used this as an excuse to enslave the natives. Millions of natives died mining gold for the Spanish. |
[
"(S (NP (DT A) (NN fuel) (NN cell)) (VP (VBZ combines) (NP (NN hydrogen)) (PP (IN with) (NP (DT an) (NN oxygen) (NN molecule))) (, ,) (S (VP (VBG releasing) (NP (DT an) (NN electron)) (PP (IN as) (NP (NN electricity)))))) (. .))",
"(S (PP (IN For) (NP (DT these) (NNS reasons))) (, ,) (NP (JJ many) (NNS people)) (VP (VBP believe) (SBAR (S (NP (NN hydrogen) (NN power)) (VP (MD will) (ADVP (RB eventually)) (VP (VB replace) (NP (JJ other) (JJ synthetic) (NNS fuels))))))) (. .))"
] | A fuel cell combines hydrogen with an oxygen molecule, releasing an electron as electricity. For these reasons, many people say hydrogen power will eventually replace other synthetic fuels. |
[
"(S (NP (DT Some) (NNS governments)) (VP (VP (VBP think) (SBAR (S (NP (DT the) (NN internet)) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (DT a) (JJ bad) (NN thing)))))) (, ,) (CC and) (VP (VBP block) (NP (NP (DT all) (CC or) (NN part)) (PP (IN of) (NP (PRP it)))))) (. .))",
"(S (PP (IN For) (NP (NN example))) (, ,) (NP (DT the) (JJ Chinese) (NN government)) (VP (VBZ thinks) (SBAR (IN that) (S (S (NP (NNP Wikipedia)) (VP (VBZ is) (ADJP (JJ bad)))) (, ,) (S (ADVP (RB so) (RB often)) (NP (NP (DT no) (NN one)) (PP (IN in) (NP (NNP China)))) (VP (MD can) (VP (VP (VB read) (NP (PRP it))) (CC or) (VP (VB add) (PP (IN to) (NP (PRP it)))))))))) (. .))",
"(S (NP (NP (DT Another) (NN example)) (PP (IN of) (S (NP (DT the) (NN internet)) (VP (VBG being) (VP (VBN blocked)))))) (VP (VBZ is) (PP (IN in) (NP (NNP North) (NNP Korea)))) (. .))"
] | Some governments say the internet is a bad thing, and block all or part of it. For example, the Chinese government says that Wikipedia is bad, so often no one in China can read it or add to it. Another example of the internet being blocked is in North Korea. |
[
"(S (NP (NP (DT Another) (NN example)) (PP (IN of) (S (NP (DT the) (NN internet)) (VP (VBG being) (VP (VBN blocked)))))) (VP (VBZ is) (PP (IN in) (NP (NNP North) (NNP Korea)))) (. .))",
"(S (NP (DT Some) (NNS parents) (CC and) (NNS schools)) (VP (VBP block) (NP (NP (NP (NNS parts)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (NNP Internet)))) (SBAR (S (NP (PRP they)) (VP (VBP think) (SBAR (S (VP (VBP are) (ADJP (JJ bad) (SBAR (IN for) (S (NP (NNS children)) (VP (TO to) (VP (VB see)))))))))))))) (. .))"
] | Another example of the internet being blocked is in North Korea. Some parents and schools block parts of the Internet they say are bad for children to see. |
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