tom_sentence_parses listlengths 1 7 | text stringlengths 4 1.13k |
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[
"(S (NP (NP (QP (RB Almost) (DT all))) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (NNP Italy) (POS 's)) (NN fighting)))) (VP (VBD was) (PP (IN on) (NP (NP (DT the) (JJ Eastern) (NN border)) (, ,) (PP (IN near) (NP (NNP Austria)))))) (. .))",
"(S (PP (IN After) (NP (DT the) (`` \") (NNP Caporetto) (NN defeat) ('' \"))) (, ,) (NP (NNP It... | Almost all of Italy's fighting was on the Eastern border, near Austria. After the "Caporetto defeat", Italy said they would lose the war. But, in 1918, the Central Powers surrendered, and Italy gained the Trentino-South Tyrol, which once was owned by Austria. |
[
"(S (S (PP (IN On) (NP (NNP July) (CD 25) (, ,) (CD 1943))) (, ,) (NP (NNP Mussolini)) (VP (VBD was) (VP (VBN removed) (PP (IN by) (NP (NP (DT the) (NNP Great) (NNP Council)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NNP Fascism)))))))) (, ,) (CC and) (, ,) (S (PP (IN on) (NP (NNP September) (CD 8) (, ,) (CD 1943))) (, ,) (NP (NNP Badoglio... | On July 25, 1943, Mussolini was removed by the Great Council of Fascism, and, on September 8, 1943, Badoglio said that the war as an ally of Germany was ended. Italy started fighting as an ally of France and the UK, but Italian soldiers did not say whom to shoot. In Northern Italy, a movement called Resistenza started ... |
[
"(S (S (VP (TO To) (VP (VB know) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN history)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT an) (NN idiom))))))) (VP (VP (MD can) (VP (VB be) (ADJP (JJ useful) (CC and) (JJ interesting)))) (, ,) (CC but) (VP (VBZ is) (RB not) (ADJP (JJ necessary)) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB be) (ADJP (JJ able) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB use) (NP (... | To know the history of an idiom can be useful and interesting, but is not necessary to be able to use the idiom properly. For example, most native British English speakers say that "No room to swing a cat" means "there was not much space" and can use the idiom properly. However, few know this is because 200 years ago s... |
[
"(S (NP (NP (DT The) (NNP Chief) (NNP Justice)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NNP India)))) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN head)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (NNP Supreme) (NNP Court))))) (. .))",
"(S (NP (NML (NNP Supreme) (NNP Court)) (NNS members)) (VP (VBP have) (NP (DT the) (NN power) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB stop) (NP (NP... | The Chief Justice of India is the head of the Supreme Court. Supreme Court members have the power to stop a law being passed by Parliament if they say that the law is illegal and contradicts (opposes) the Constitution of India. In India, there are also 24 High Courts. |
[
"(S (NP (NNP India)) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (NP (DT the) (ADJP (RB second) (JJS largest)) (NN country)) (PP (IN by) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN number)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (NNS people)) (VP (VBG living) (PP (IN in) (NP (PRP it))))))))) (, ,) (PP (IN with) (S (NP (NNP China)) (VP (VBG being) (NP (DT the) (JJ first)))))) (. .))"... | India is the second largest country by the number of people living in it, with China being the first. Experts say that by the year 2030, India will be the first. About 65% of Indians live in rural areas, or land set aside for farming. |
[
"(S (NP (NP (PRP It))) (VP (VBD was) (NP (DT a) (NN surprise)) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB learn) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (EX there)) (VP (VBP are) (NP (JJR larger) (JJ infinite) (NNS numbers))))))))) (. .))",
"(S (NP (NP (NP (DT The) (NN number)) (PP (IN of) (NP (JJ real) (NNS numbers)))) (, ,) (S (NP (DT that)) (VP (... | It was a surprise to say that there are larger infinite numbers. The number of real numbers, that is, all numbers with decimals, is larger than the number of rational numbers, the number of fractions. |
[
"(S (NP (NP (NNS Spacecrafts)) (PP (JJ such) (IN as) (NP (NNP Voyager) (CD 1)))) (VP (VBP have) (VP (VBN seen) (NP (NN lightning)) (PP (IN on) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN surface)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (NN planet))))))) (. .))",
"(S (NP (NNS Scientists)) (VP (VBP think) (SBAR (S (NP (PRP it)) (VP (VBD was) (NP (NN w... | Spacecrafts such as Voyager 1 have seen lightning on the surface of the planet. Scientists say it was water vapour because lightning needs water vapour. These lightning bolts have been measured as up 1,000 times as powerful as those on Earth. |
[
"(S (NP (DT The) (NNP Galileo) (NN spacecraft)) (VP (VBD was) (ADVP (RB also)) (VP (VBN crushed) (PP (IN in) (NP (NP (CD 2003)) (SBAR (WHADVP (WRB when)) (S (NP (NNP NASA)) (VP (VBD steered) (NP (DT the) (NN craft)) (PP (IN into) (NP (DT the) (NN planet)))))))))) (. .))",
"(S (NP (PRP They)) (VP (VBD did) (NP (DT... | The Galileo spacecraft was also crushed in 2003 when NASA steered the craft into the planet. They did this so that the craft could not crash into Europa, a moon which scientists say might have life. |
[
"(S (PP (IN By) (S (VP (VBG comparing) (NP (NNS fossils) (CC and) (NNP DNA))))) (, ,) (NP (PRP we)) (VP (VBP know) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (NP (NP (DT all) (NN life)) (PP (IN on) (NP (NNP Earth)))) (NP (NN today))) (VP (VBD had) (NP (NP (DT a) (VBN shared) (NN ancestor)) (, ,) (VP (VBN called) (S (NP (NP (DT the) (J... | By comparing fossils and DNA, we say that all life on Earth today had a shared ancestor, called the last universal common ancestor (LUCA). Other living things may have been alive at the same time as the LUCA, but they died out. |
[
"(S (NP (NNP Bialystok)) (VP (VBD contained) (NP (NP (CD three) (JJ major) (NNS groups)) (: :) (NP (NP (NNPS Poles)) (, ,) (NP (NNPS Belorussians)) (, ,) (CC and) (NP (ADJP (NNP Yiddish) (HYPH -) (VBG speaking)) (NNPS Jews))))) (. .))",
"(S (NP (NNP Zamenhof)) (VP (VBD thought) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (CD one) (JJ... | Bialystok contained three major groups: Poles, Belorussians, and Yiddish-speaking Jews. Zamenhof said that one common language would join these groups and stop fights between them. |
[
"(S (PP (IN In) (NP (JJ ancient) (NNP Rome))) (, ,) (NP (NNP March)) (VP (VBD was) (VP (VBN called) (S (NP (NNP Martius))))) (. .))",
"(S (S (NP (PRP It)) (VP (VBD was) (VP (VBN named) (PP (IN after) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN war) (NN god)) (-LRB- -LRB-) (NP (NNP Mars)) (-RRB- -RRB-)))))) (CC and) (S (NP (DT the) (NNP... | In ancient Rome, March was called Martius. It was named after the war god (Mars) and the Romans said that it was a lucky time to begin a war. Before Julius Caesar's calendar reform, March was the first month of the year in the Roman calendar, as the winter was considered to be a monthless period. |
[
"(S (S (NP (PRP It)) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (DT an) (NN art) (NN form)))) (, ,) (CC and) (S (NP (NNS opinions)) (VP (VBP come) (PP (IN into) (NP (NN play))))) (. .))",
"(S (NP (NN Music)) (VP (VBZ is) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT whatever)) (S (NP (NNS people)) (VP (VBP think) (SBAR (S (VP (VBZ is) (NP (NN music))))))))) (. .))",
... | It is an art form, and opinions come into play. Music is whatever people say is music. A different approach is to list the qualities music must have, such as, sound which has rhythm, melody, pitch, timbre, etc. |
[
"(S (NP (NP (NP (CD One)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (ADJP (RBS most) (JJ important)) (NML (JJ 20th) (HYPH -) (NN century)) (NNS composers)))) (, ,) (NP (NP (NNP Igor) (NNP Stravinsky)) (-LRB- -LRB-) (NP (CD 1882–1971)) (-RRB- -RRB-)) (, ,)) (VP (VBD wrote) (NP (NP (NN music)) (PP (IN with) (NP (NP (NP (ADJP (ADJP (R... | One of the most important 20th-century composers, Igor Stravinsky (1882–1971), wrote music with very complicated (difficult) chords (groups of notes that are played together) and rhythms. Some composers said music was getting too complicated and so they wrote Minimalist pieces which use very simple ideas. In the 1950s ... |
[
"(S (NP (NNP Israel)) (VP (VBZ is) (ADJP (RB very) (JJ unpopular)) (PP (IN in) (NP (DT the) (JJ Muslim) (NN world))) (, ,) (PP (IN because) (IN of) (NP (NP (DT the) (ADJP (JJ Israeli) (HYPH -) (JJ Palestinian)) (NN conflict)) (CC and) (NP (NP (NP (DT the) (NN way)) (SBAR (WHADVP (WDT that)) (S (NP (NP (DT the) (NN ... | Israel is very unpopular in the Muslim world, because of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and the way that the state of Israel came into being in 1948 which many Arabs said was unfair. |
[
"(S (NP (JJ Jewish) (NNS groups)) (ADVP (RB also)) (VP (VBP cooperate) (PP (IN with) (NP (NP (NNS Arabs)) (PP (IN in) (NP (NP (DT the) (NNP West) (NNP Bank)) (, ,) (SBAR (WHADVP (WRB where)) (S (NP (NML (NML (NML (NNP Neturei) (NNP Karta)) (-LRB- -LRB-) (ADJP (JJ anti) (HYPH -) (JJ Zionist) (JJ orthodox) (JJ Jewish... | Jewish groups also cooperate with Arabs in the West Bank, where Neturei Karta (anti-Zionist orthodox Jewish) leader Rabbi Mosche Hirsch served as the Minister for Jewish Affairs in the Fatah before there was a Palestinian Authority. Like the Arabs, this small group of Jews said the way Israel was created was not right.... |
[
"(S (NP (NP (DT A) (NN lot)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NNS things)))) (VP (VBD changed) (PP (IN in) (NP (DT that) (NN year)))) (. .))",
"(S (PP (IN By) (NP (CD 2001))) (S (NP (DT the) (NNP Soviet) (NNP Union)) (VP (VBD was) (ADJP (VBN gone)))) (, ,) (S (NP (NNP Jordan)) (VP (VBD had) (ADVP (RB also)) (VP (VBN made) (NP (N... | A lot of things changed in that year. By 2001 the Soviet Union was gone, Jordan had also made peace with Israel, and on September 11, 2001 there were major attacks on the U.S. |
[
"(S (PP (IN After) (NP (DT the) (NN invasion))) (, ,) (NP (DT the) (JJ Islamic) (NNS parties)) (VP (VBD won) (NP (JJR more) (NNS seats))) (, ,) (CC and) (S (NP (NP (DT a) (NN majority)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (NNPS Muslims)) (VP (VBN polled) (PP (IN in) (NP (JJ many) (NNS nations))))))) (VP (VP (VBD expressed) (NP (NP... | After the invasion, the Islamic parties won more seats, and a majority of Muslims polled in many nations expressed support for Osama bin Laden and said he would "do the right thing". Olivier Roy is a French scholar who says that this does not express support for al-Qaeda or militant Islam but opposing colonialism and w... |
[
"(S (PP (IN In) (NP (JJ Greek) (NN mythology))) (, ,) (NP (NNP Zeus)) (VP (VBZ places) (NP (NP (PRP$ his) (NN son)) (-LRB- -LRB-) (NP (DT the) (NN baby) (NP (NNP Heracles))) (-RRB- -RRB-)) (SBAR (SBAR (WHNP (WP$ whose) (NN mother)) (S (VP (VBD was) (NP (DT a) (JJ mortal) (NN woman)) (PP (IN on) (NP (NP (NNP Hera) (... | In Greek mythology, Zeus places his son (the baby Heracles) whose mother was a mortal woman on Hera's breast while she is sleeping so that the baby will drink her divine milk and become immortal. However, Hera wakes up while she is breastfeeding the baby and says she is nursing a baby she does not know. According to Gr... |
[
"(S (NP (NP (NNS Thanks)) (PP (IN to) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN work)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (NNS scientists)) (PP (VBG including) (NP (NP (NNP Galileo) (NNP Galilei)) (CC and) (NP (NNP Issac) (NNP Newton))))))))) (, ,) (NP (PRP we)) (VP (VBP know) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (`` \") (NN position) ('' \") (CC and) (NN motion))... | Thanks to the work of scientists including Galileo Galilei and Issac Newton, we say that "position" and motion are relative. This means that an object's position depends on where it exists in relation to other objects. |
[
"(S (NP (NP (JJ Known) (NNS sightings)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NNP Mercury)))) (VP (VBP date) (ADVP (RB back) (PP (IN to) (NP (ADVP (RB at) (RBS least)) (DT the) (JJ first) (NN millennium) (NNP BC))))) (. .))",
"(S (PP (IN Before) (NP (DT the) (JJ 4th) (NN century) (NP (NNP BC)))) (, ,) (NP (JJ Greek) (NNS astronomers)... | Known sightings of Mercury date back to at least the first millennium BC. Before the 4th century BC, Greek astronomers said that Mercury was two different objects: one able to be seen only at sunrise, which they called Apollo; the other that was only able to be seen at sunset, which they called Hermes. The English name... |
[
"(S (NP (NP (NNS Rocks)) (PP (IN on) (NP (NNP Earth)))) (VP (VBP are) (ADVP (RB sometimes)) (VP (VBN found) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT which)) (S (VP (VBP have) (NP (NP (NNS chemicals)) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT that)) (S (VP (VBP are) (PP (ADVP (RB exactly)) (IN like) (NP (NP (DT the) (NNS ones)) (PP (IN in) (NP (JJ Martian) (NNS ro... | Rocks on Earth are sometimes found which have chemicals that are exactly like the ones in Martian rocks. These rocks also look like they fell really quickly through the atmosphere, so it is reasonable to say they came from Mars. |
[
"(S (NP (NP (DT The) (JJ first) (JJ crude) (NN map)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NNP Mars)))) (VP (VBD was) (VP (VBN published) (PP (IN in) (NP (CD 1840))) (, ,) (S (VP (VBN followed) (PP (IN by) (NP (NP (JJR better) (NNS maps)) (PP (PP (IN from) (NP (CD 1877))) (ADVP (RB onward))))))))) (. .))",
"(S (S (NP (NNS Astronomers... | The first crude map of Mars was published in 1840, followed by better maps from 1877 onward. Astronomers mistakenly said they had detected the spectroscopic mark of water in the Martian atmosphere, and the idea of life on Mars became popular among the public. |
[
"(S (NP (JJ Other) (NNS astronomers)) (VP (VBD thought) (SBAR (S (SBAR (S (NP (PRP they)) (VP (MD could) (VP (VB see) (NP (DT the) (NNS canals)) (ADVP (RB too)))))) (, ,) (NP (ADVP (RB especially)) (NP (NP (NP (DT the) (JJ American) (NN astronomer)) (NP (NNP Percival) (NNP Lowell))) (SBAR (WHNP (WP who)) (S (VP (VB... | Other astronomers said they could see the canals too, especially the American astronomer Percival Lowell who drew maps of an artificial network of canals on Mars. |
[
"(S (SBAR (IN Because) (S (NP (NNP Mars)) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (NP (DT the) (CD one)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (DT the) (JJS closest) (NNS planets)) (PP (IN to) (NP (NNP Earth))) (PP (IN in) (NP (DT the) (NNP Solar) (NNP System))))))))) (, ,) (NP (JJ many)) (VP (VBP have) (VP (VBN wondered) (SBAR (IN if) (S (NP (EX there)) ... | Because Mars is the one of the closest planets to Earth in the Solar System, many have wondered if there is any kind of life on Mars. Today we say that the kind of life, if any, would be some simple bacteria-type organism. |
[
"(S (PP (IN In) (NP (CD 1898))) (, ,) (NP (NNP H.) (NNP G.) (NNP Wells)) (VP (VBD wrote) (NP (`` \") (NP (NP (DT The) (NN War)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (NNS Worlds)))) (, \") ('' ,) (NP (NP (DT a) (JJ famous) (NN novel)) (PP (IN about) (NP (NP (NNPS Martians)) (VP (VBG attacking) (NP (DT the) (NNP Earth)))))))) (.... | In 1898, H. G. Wells wrote "The War of the Worlds", a famous novel about Martians attacking the Earth. |
[
"(S (PP (IN During) (NP (NP (DT the) (JJ last) (CD ten) (NNS days)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NNP Ramadan))))) (, ,) (NP (JJR larger) (NNS mosques)) (VP (VP (MD will) (VP (VB host) (NP (NP (NML (DT all) (HYPH -) (NN night)) (NNS programs)) (SBAR (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB observe) (`` \") (NP (NNP Laylat) (NNP al) (HYPH -) (NNP... | During the last ten days of Ramadan, larger mosques will host all-night programs to observe "Laylat al-Qadr". It is the night Muslims say that the Islamic prophet Muhammad first received Qur'anic revelations. On that night, between sunset and sunrise, mosques employ speakers to teach the worshipers about Islam. |
[
"(S (NP (NP (DT A) (JJ few) (NNS scholars)) (PP (IN of) (NP (JJ Islamic) (NN law)))) (VP (VBP believe) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (JJ non) (HYPH -) (NNS Muslims)) (VP (MD may) (VP (VB be) (VP (VBN allowed) (PP (IN into) (NP (NNS mosques))) (, ,) (ADVP (ADVP (RB as) (RB long)) (SBAR (IN as) (S (NP (PRP they)) (VP (VBP d... | A few scholars of Islamic law say that non-Muslims may be allowed into mosques, as long as they do not sleep or eat there. Followers of the "Maliki" school of Islamic jurisprudence disagree. |
[
"(S (NP (JJ Imaginary) (NNS numbers)) (VP (VBD were) (VP (VBN called) (S (`` \") (ADJP (JJ imaginary)) ('' \")) (SBAR (IN because) (S (SBAR (WHADVP (WRB when)) (S (NP (PRP they)) (VP (VBD were) (ADVP (RB first)) (VP (VBN found))))) (, ,) (NP (JJ many) (NNS mathematicians)) (VP (VBD did) (RB not) (VP (VB think) (SBA... | Imaginary numbers were called "imaginary" because when they were first found, many mathematicians did not say they existed. The person who "discovered" imaginary numbers was Gerolamo Cardano in the 1500s. |
[
"(S (NP (NP (DT The) (JJ first) (JJ possible) (NN sighting)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NNP Neptune)))) (VP (VBZ is) (VP (VBN thought) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB be) (PP (IN by) (NP (NNP Galileo)))))) (SBAR (IN as) (S (NP (PRP$ his) (NNS drawings)) (VP (VBD showed) (NP (NNP Neptune)) (PP (IN near) (NP (NNP Jupiter)))))))) (. .))... | The first possible sighting of Neptune is thought to be by Galileo as his drawings showed Neptune near Jupiter. But Galileo was not credited for the discovery since he said Neptune was a "fixed star" instead of a planet. Because of Neptune's slow movement across the sky, Galileo's small telescope was not strong enough ... |
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"(S (NP (PRP It)) (VP (VP (VBD had) (ADVP (RB seemingly)) (VP (VBN been) (VP (VBN stolen) (CC and) (VBN kept) (PP (IN by) (NP (NN astronomer) (NNP Olin) (NNP Eggen))) (PP (IN for) (NP (QP (RB nearly) (CD three)) (NNS decades)))))) (CC and) (VP (VBD was) (ADVP (RB only)) (VP (VBN rediscovered) (-LRB- -LRB-) (PP (IN ... | It had seemingly been stolen and kept by astronomer Olin Eggen for nearly three decades and was only rediscovered (in his ownership) shortly after his death. After reviewing the documents, some historians now say that Adams does not deserve equal credit with Le Verrier. |
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"(S (NP (DT The) (JJ magnetic) (NN field)) (ADVP (RB strongly)) (VP (VP (VBD tilted) (ADVP (JJ comparative) (PP (IN to) (NP (PRP$ its) (JJ rotational) (NN axis)))) (PP (IN at) (NP (CD 47) (NN °)))) (CC and) (VP (VBD offset) (NP (NP (QP (ADVP (RB at) (RBS least)) (CD 0.55)) (NNS radii)) (-LRB- -LRB-) (NP (QP (RB abo... | The magnetic field strongly tilted comparative to its rotational axis at 47° and offset at least 0.55 radii (about 13,500 kilometres) from the planet's physical center. |
[
"(S (NP (PRP They)) (VP (VBP are) (RB not) (ADJP (ADJP (RB as) (RB well) (VBN known)) (PP (IN as) (NP (NP (DT the) (NNS rings)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NNP Saturn))))))) (. .))",
"(S (SBAR (WHADVP (WRB When)) (S (NP (DT these) (NNS rings)) (VP (VBD were) (VP (VBN discovered) (PP (IN by) (NP (NP (DT a) (NN team)) (VP (VB... | They are not as well known as the rings of Saturn. When these rings were discovered by a team led by Edward Guinan, originally, they said that the rings might not be complete. However, this was proven wrong by "Voyager 2". |
[
"(S (NP (NP (NNP Neptune) (POS 's)) (JJ planetary) (NNS rings)) (VP (VBP have) (NP (DT a) (JJ weird) (`` \") (JJ clumpy) ('' \") (NN arrangement))) (. .))",
"(S (NP (DT The) (NNS scientists)) (VP (VBP think) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (PRP it)) (VP (MD may) (VP (VB be) (PP (IN because) (IN of) (NP (NP (DT the) (JJ gr... | Neptune's planetary rings have a weird "clumpy" arrangement. The scientists say that it may be because of the gravitational contact with small moons that orbit near them. |
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"(S (NP (DT Some) (NNS people)) (VP (VBP argue) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT which) (NN language)) (S (VP (VBZ is) (NP (NP (DT the) (JJS easiest)) (SBAR (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB spell)))))))))) (. .))",
"(S (NP (NP (NNS People)) (SBAR (WHNP (WP who)) (S (VP (VBP learn) (NP (DT a) (JJ second) (NN language)))))) (VP (VBP tend) (... | Some people argue which language is the easiest to spell. People who learn a second language tend to say that their first (native) language is the easiest. However, for the learner, programmatic languages, with well-defined rules, are easier to start with than English. |
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"(S (NP (NN Philosophy)) (VP (VBZ helps) (S (NP (NNS people)) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB understand) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN world)) (CC and) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN way)) (SBAR (S (NP (NNS people)) (VP (VBP act) (CC and) (VBP think))))))))))) (. .))",
"(S (NP (NNS Philosophers)) (VP (VBP believe) (SBAR (IN that) (S (S (VP... | Philosophy helps people to understand the world and the way people act and think. Philosophers say that asking philosophical questions is useful because it brings wisdom and helps people to learn about the world and each other. Some philosophers might even argue that the question "Is philosophy good or bad?" is a philo... |
[
"(S (ADVP (RB However)) (, ,) (NP (DT some) (NNS people)) (VP (VBP think) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (NN philosophy)) (VP (VBZ is) (ADJP (JJ harmful)) (, ,) (SBAR (IN as) (S (NP (NN philosophy)) (VP (VP (VBZ encourages) (NP (JJ free) (HYPH -) (NN thinking))) (CC and) (ADVP (RB often)) (VP (VBZ questions) (NP (NP (DT th... | However, some people say that philosophy is harmful, as philosophy encourages free-saying and often questions the beliefs that others hold. For example, philosophies such as some existentialist views say that there is no meaning to life or human existence, except the meaning that we make up or invent. |
[
"(S (NP (DT Some) (NNS philosophers)) (VP (VBP say) (SBAR (S (NP (NP (DT the) (JJ only) (NN thing)) (VP (VBN needed) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB answer) (NP (DT a) (NN question))))))) (VP (VBZ is) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB find) (PRT (RP out)) (SBAR (WHNP (WP what)) (S (NP (PRP it)) (VP (VBZ means))))))))))) (. .))",
"(S... | Some philosophers say the only thing needed to answer a question is to find out what it means. The only thing that makes philosophical questions (such as those above) difficult is that people do not really say what they mean. Ludwig Wittgenstein believed this. |
[
"(S (NP (NNS Philosophers)) (ADVP (RB often)) (VP (VBP use) (NP (ADJP (CC both) (JJ real) (CC and) (JJ imaginary)) (NNS examples)) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB make) (NP (DT a) (NN point)))))) (. .))",
"(S (PP (IN For) (NP (NN example))) (, ,) (NP (PRP they)) (VP (MD may) (VP (VB write) (PP (IN about) (NP (DT a) (ADJP ... | Philosophers often use both real and imaginary examples to make a point. For example, they may write about a real or fictional person in order to show what they say a good person or a bad person is like. |
[
"(S (NP (DT This)) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (NP (DT a) (NN process)) (VP (VBN called) (S (NP (NP (NNP Occam) (POS 's)) (NN razor)))))) (. .))",
"(S (NP (NNS Others)) (VP (VBP believe) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (NP (JJ complicated) (NNS answers)) (PP (IN to) (NP (NNS questions)))) (VP (MD can) (ADVP (RB also)) (VP (VB be) (A... | This is a process called Occam's razor. Others say that complicated answers to questions can also be right. For an example of a philosophical problem, see the God paradox. |
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"(S (NP (NN Ethics)) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (NP (DT a) (ADJP (RBR more) (JJ abstract)) (NN study)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN right) (CC and) (JJ wrong))))) (. .))",
"(S (S (NP (NN Ethics)) (VP (VBZ is) (ADVP (RB usually)) (ADJP (ADJP (RBR more) (JJ concerned) (PP (IN with) (NP (NN principle)))) (PP (IN than) (NP (NN law) (CC... | Ethics is a more abstract study of right and wrong. Ethics is usually more concerned with principle than law or politics or diplomacy, so many people say ethics is not practical. But without some agreement on ethics, there is probably no way to even have a debate, laws or an election. |
[
"(S (S (VP (VBG Using) (NP (JJ such) (NNS words)))) (VP (VBZ is) (VP (VBN thought) (PP (IN by) (NP (DT some) (NNS people))) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB be) (NP (DT a) (NN sin))))))) (. .))",
"(S (PP (IN For) (NP (NN example))) (, ,) (NP (NP (DT some) (NNPS Christians)) (CC and) (NP (DT some) (NNPS Muslims))) (VP (VBP ... | Using such words is thought by some people to be a sin. For example, some Christians and some Muslims say that swearing is a sin. |
[
"(NP (NP (NNP Pinyin)) (: :) (NP (NNP Jaozi)) (. -RRB-) (. .))",
"(S (NP (PRP They)) (VP (VBP believe) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (NNS dumplings)) (VP (MD can) (VP (VP (VB hold) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN god)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NNP Wealth))))) (CC and) (VP (VB bring) (NP (NN luck)))))))) (. .))",
"(S (NP (NP (DT The) (JJ... | Pinyin: Jaozi). They say that dumplings can hold the god of Wealth and bring luck. The last day of the Chinese New Year is the Lantern Festival. |
[
"(S (NP (DT Another) (NN example)) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (DT the) (NN statement) (SBAR (IN that) (`` \") (S (NP (EX there)) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (DT no) (NN cabal))))))) (. \") ('' .))",
"(S (S (NP (RB Only) (DT a) (NN cabal)) (VP (MD can) (VP (VB know) (SBAR (IN if) (S (NP (EX there)) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (DT no) (NN cabal))... | Another example is the statement that "there is no cabal". Only a cabal can say if there is no cabal, so this is either a guess, or, it is a cabal trying to pretend it does not exist. |
[
"(S (NP (DT A) (NN prediction)) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (NP (DT a) (NN statement)) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT that)) (S (NP (NN someone)) (VP (VBZ makes) (PP (IN about) (SBAR (WHNP (WP what)) (S (NP (PRP they)) (VP (VBP think) (SBAR (S (VP (VBZ is) (VP (VBG going) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB happen))))))))))))))))) (. .))",
"(S (NP (N... | A prediction is a statement that someone makes about what they say is going to happen. It is often very helpful to say what is going to happen to help prepare for these future events. Predictions are based on the idea that two beginning positions that are like each other will have similar results. |
[
"(S (S (VP (VBG Studying) (SBAR (WHADVP (WRB how)) (S (NP (NN weather)) (VP (VBZ happens)))))) (VP (VBZ lets) (S (NP (NNS people)) (VP (VB predict) (SBAR (WHNP (WP what)) (S (NP (DT the) (NN weather)) (VP (MD will) (VP (VB be))))))) (PP (IN by) (S (VP (VBG looking) (PP (IN at) (SBAR (WHNP (WP what)) (S (VP (VBZ is)... | Studying how weather happens lets people predict what the weather will be by looking at what is currently happening. This is helpful because by saying that it is going to rain, a person can wear the right clothes for it. |
[
"(S (NP (NN Muscle) (NN contraction)) (VP (VBZ happens) (PP (IN because) (IN of) (NP (NP (JJ chemical) (NNS messages)) (VP (VBN made) (PP (IN by) (NP (NP (NNS nerves)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT that) (NN muscle))))))))) (. .))",
"(S (PP (IN By) (S (VP (VBG learning) (SBAR (WHADVP (WRB how)) (S (NP (DT the) (NN body)) (... | Muscle contraction happens because of chemical messages made by nerves of that muscle. By saying how the body functions normally, physiologists and physicians can better understand what happens when organs do not function normally. For example, an understanding of how the thyroid gland functions has helped in treating ... |
[
"(S (NP (NP (DT The) (NNS planets)) (PP (IN in) (NP (DT the) (NNP Solar) (NNP System)))) (VP (VBP have) (NP (NNS names)) (PP (IN of) (NP (ADJP (JJ Greek) (CC or) (JJ Roman)) (NNS gods))) (, ,) (ADVP (RB apart) (PP (IN from) (NP (NNP Earth)))) (, ,) (SBAR (IN because) (S (NP (NNS people)) (VP (VBD did) (RB not) (VP ... | The planets in the Solar System have names of Greek or Roman gods, apart from Earth, because people did not say Earth was a planet in old times. However, Earth is occasionally referred by the name of a Roman god: "Terra". |
[
"(S (NP (NP (NNS Civilizations)) (ADJP (ADJP (RB as) (JJ old)) (PP (IN as) (NP (DT the) (NNPS Babylonians))))) (VP (VBP have) (VP (VBN been) (ADJP (JJ able) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB approximate) (NP (FW pi)) (PP (IN to) (NP (NP (JJ many) (NNS digits)) (, ,) (PP (JJ such) (IN as) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN fraction)) (CD 25... | Civilizations as old as the Babylonians have been able to approximate pi to many digits, such as the fraction 25/8 and 256/81. Most historians say that ancient Egyptians had no concept of π, and that the correspondence is a coincidence. |
[
"(S (NP (NNS Buddhists)) (VP (VBP think) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (NN peace)) (VP (MD can) (VP (VB be) (VP (VBN gotten) (SBAR (IN once) (S (NP (DT all) (NN suffering)) (VP (VBZ ends)))))))))) (. .))",
"(S (S (VP (TO To) (VP (VP (VB get) (ADJP (JJ rid) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN suffering))))) (CC and) (VP (VB get) (NP (DT... | Buddhists say that peace can be gotten once all suffering ends. To get rid of suffering and get this peace, many try to follow a set of teachings called the Four Noble Truths. |
[
"(S (NP (NNPS Jews) (CC and) (NNPS Christians)) (VP (VBP believe) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (JJ true) (NN peace)) (VP (VBZ comes) (PP (IN from) (NP (NP (DT a) (JJ personal) (NN relationship)) (PP (IN with) (NP (NNP God))))))))) (. .))",
"(S (NP (NP (NNP Jesus) (NNP Christ)) (-LRB- -LRB-) (VP (ADVP (RB also)) (VBN ca... | Jews and Christians say that true peace comes from a personal relationship with God. Jesus Christ (also called the "Prince of Peace" in the Book of Isaiah) said: "Peace I leave with you; my peace I give you. |
[
"(S (NP (DT Another) (JJ main) (NN belief)) (VP (VBZ is) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (NNS humans)) (VP (VBP have) (NP (NP (DT a) (`` \") (NN soul) ('' \") (CC or) (NN spirit)) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT which)) (S (VP (VBZ lives) (PRT (RP on)) (SBAR (IN after) (S (NP (PRP$ their) (NN body)) (VP (VBZ has) (VP (VBN died))))))))))))... | Another main belief is that humans have a "soul" or spirit which lives on after their body has died. And they say that they must kill thou to any one in the earths name. The person's spirit is on a journey through life that continues after death. |
[
"(S (NP (NP (DT The) (NN person) (POS 's)) (NN spirit)) (VP (VBZ is) (PP (IN on) (NP (NP (NP (DT a) (NN journey)) (PP (IN through) (NP (NN life)))) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT that)) (S (VP (VBZ continues) (PP (IN after) (NP (NN death))))))))) (. .))",
"(S (NP (JJS Most) (NNS religions)) (VP (VBP believe) (SBAR (IN that) (S... | The person's spirit is on a journey through life that continues after death. Most religions say what a person does during their lifetime will affect what happens to their spirit in the afterlife. Many religions teach that a good person's spirit can reach a special place of peace and happiness such as Heaven or Nirvana,... |
[
"(S (NP (QP (RB Not) (DT every)) (NN religion)) (VP (VBZ teaches) (NP (NNS people)) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB be) (ADJP (JJ kind) (PP (IN to) (NP (DT all) (JJ other) (NNS people)))))))) (. .))",
"(S (PP (IN In) (NP (JJ many) (NNS religions))) (, ,) (NP (NP (PRP it))) (VP (VBZ has) (VP (VBN been) (ADJP (JJ common)) (... | Not every religion teaches people to be kind to all other people. In many religions, it has been common for people to say that they have to act kindly only to some people and not to others. In some religions, people said that they could please a god by killing or sacrificing another person. |
[
"(S (NP (DT This)) (VP (MD might) (VP (VB be) (VP (VBN done) (PP (IN in) (NP (DT a) (JJ general) (NN way))) (PP (IN by) (S (VP (VBG wearing) (NP (NP (DT a) (NN symbol)) (CC or) (NP (NP (DT a) (NN type)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN clothing))))))))))) (. .))",
"(S (NP (JJ Many) (NNS people)) (VP (VBP believe) (SBAR (IN th... | This might be done in a general way by wearing a symbol or a type of clothing. Many people say that it is important to tell other people about their religion, so that they can say as well. This is called "witnessing". |
[
"(S (SBAR (WHADVP (WRB When)) (S (NP (DT a) (NN person)) (VP (VP (VBZ hears) (NP (DT a) (NN witness))) (CC and) (VP (VBZ decides) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (PRP they)) (VP (MD will) (VP (VB join) (NP (DT the) (NN religion)))))))))) (, ,) (NP (DT this)) (VP (VP (VBZ is) (VP (VBN called) (S (NP (DT a) (`` \") (NN conver... | When a person hears a witness and decides that they will join the religion, this is called a "conversion". Usually a person decides to join a religion because they like what they have read or been told, and they say that they are hearing the truth. They join the religion because they choose. |
[
"(S (PP (IN From) (ADVP (NP (CD 40,000) (NNS years)) (RB ago))) (, ,) (NP (NP (JJ many)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (DT the) (NNS objects)) (PP (IN in) (NP (NNS graves)))))) (VP (VBP are) (NP (JJ small) (NNS artworks))) (. .))",
"(S (NP (NNS Scientists)) (VP (VBP believe) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (DT these) (NNS objects))... | From 40,000 years ago, many of the objects in graves are small artworks. Scientists say that these objects were put there for religious reasons. |
[
"(S (NP (PRP He)) (VP (MD would) (VP (VB adopt) (NP (PRP him)) (PP (IN as) (NP (PRP$ his) (NN son))))) (. .))",
"(S (SBAR (IN Before) (S (NP (PRP he)) (VP (VBD died)))) (NP (PRP he)) (VP (MD would) (VP (VB make) (ADJP (JJ clear)) (SBAR (WHNP (WP whom)) (S (NP (PRP he)) (VP (VBD thought) (SBAR (S (VP (MD should) (... | He would adopt him as his son. Before he died he would make clear whom he said should succeed him, by making him a Roman consul, or by stating in his will that the younger man should succeed him. Sometimes this worked; sometimes it did not. |
[
"(S (NP (NNS Ads)) (ADVP (RB commonly)) (VP (VBP show) (NP (NP (NNS SUVs)) (VP (VP (VBG driving) (PP (IN across) (NP (NNS boulders)))) (CC or) (VP (VBN perched) (PP (IN on) (NP (DT a) (NN mountain) (NN peak))))))) (. .))",
"(S (NP (NNS Advertisers)) (VP (VBP know) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (NP (CD one) (JJ important... | Ads commonly show SUVs driving across boulders or perched on a mountain peak. Advertisers say that one important reason many people buy SUVs is image. |
[
"(NP (NP (NP (DT The) (JJ second) (NN point)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN view))) (PP (IN on) (NP (DT the) (NN substance)))) (: -) (NP (NP (NP (DT an) (JJ epistemological) (NN understanding)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN concept)) (, ,) (NP (PRP$ its) (NNS capabilities)) (CC and) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN need)) (PP (IN for... | The second point of view on the substance - an epistemological understanding of the concept, its capabilities and the need for scientific knowledge (John Locke, David Hume). Immanuel Kant said that the law under which any change in the substance of events and the number of stored it in nature remains the same, can be a... |
[
"(S (S (NP (DT The) (VBN displayed) (NN universe)) (VP (VBZ is) (ADJP (JJ relative) (PP (IN to) (NP (DT a) (VBN given) (NN location)))))) (, ,) (CC yet) (S (SBAR (IN once) (S (NP (NP (DT the) (NN mass) (SYM /) (NN energy)) (PP (IN in) (NP (DT that) (NN vicinity)))) (VP (VBZ is) (VP (VBN stated))))) (, ,) (NP (NP (N... | The displayed universe is relative to a given location, yet once the mass/energy in that vicinity is stated, Einstein's equations predict what is occurring—or did occur or will occur—anywhere in the universe. The popularized notion that "relative" in Einstein's theory suggests "subjective" or "arbitrary" was to some re... |
[
"(S (NP (NP (DT The) (NN word) (JJ supernatural)) (-LRB- -LRB-) (IN from) (-RRB- -RRB-)) (VP (VBZ is) (VP (VBN used) (PP (IN for) (NP (NP (NNS things)) (SBAR (SBAR (WHNP (WDT that)) (S (NP (DT some) (NNS people)) (VP (VBP believe) (SBAR (S (VP (VBP are) (ADJP (JJ real)))))))) (, ,) (CC but) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT that)) ... | The word supernatural (from ) is used for things that some people say are real, but that are not part of nature or inexplicable by the scientific laws of nature. Because we cannot prove whether these things are real, people often disagree about these things. |
[
"(S (NP (NNS Christians)) (VP (VBP believe) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (NNS spirits)) (VP (VBP exist) (PP (IN in) (NP (NNP Heaven) (CC or) (NNP Hell))))))) (. .))",
"(S (-LRB- -LRB-) (VP (VB See) (NP (NP (CD 1) (NNP Timothy)) (NP (NP (CD 3:16)) (, ,) (NP (CD 4:1))))) (-RRB- -RRB-))"
] | Christians say that spirits exist in Heaven or Hell. (See 1 Timothy 3:16, 4:1). |
[
"(S (NP (NNS Spiritualists)) (VP (VBP believe) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (NNS spirits)) (VP (MD can) (VP (VP (VB talk) (PP (IN with) (NP (NNS people)))) (, ,) (CC or) (VP (VB change) (NP (NNS things)) (PP (IN in) (NP (DT the) (NN world))))))))) (. .))",
"(S (S (S (NP (JJ Many) (NNS religions)) (VP (VBP forbid) (S (V... | Spiritualists say that spirits can talk with people, or change things in the world. Many religions forbid communicating with such spirits in any way, (see Leviticus 19:31) but a few include this as part of their practice. |
[
"(S (NP (EX There)) (VP (MD could) (VP (VB be) (NP (NP (NNS thousands) (, ,) (CC or) (RB even) (NNS millions) (, ,)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (NN web) (NNS pages)) (PP (IN with) (NP (DT those) (NNS words)))))))) (. .))",
"(S (ADVP (RB So)) (, ,) (NP (DT the) (NN search) (NN engine)) (VP (VBZ helps) (NP (NNS users)) (P... | There could be thousands, or even millions, of web pages with those words. So, the search engine helps users by putting the web pages it says the user wants first. |
[
"(S (NP (NP (JJS Most)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT these)))) (VP (VBP follow) (NP (DT the) (JJ Reformed) (NNS traditions))) (. .))",
"(S (NP (NNS Sabbatarians)) (VP (VBP think) (SBAR (S (NP (NP (NP (DT the) (JJ first) (NN day)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (NN week)))) (CC or) (`` \") (NP (NP (NNP Lord) (POS 's)) (NNP Day))... | Most of these follow the Reformed traditions. Sabbatarians say the first day of the week or "Lord's Day" is the new Sabbath. This is because the 4th commandment has never been revoked and Sabbath-keeping is in any case a creation ordinance. |
[
"(S (NP (RB Still) (NNS others)) (VP (VBP believe) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (DT the) (NNP Sabbath)) (VP (VBZ remains) (PP (IN as) (NP (NP (DT a) (NN day)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN rest))) (PP (IN on) (NP (DT the) (NNP Saturday))))) (, ,) (S (VP (VBG reserving) (NP (NNP Sunday)) (PP (IN as) (NP (NP (DT a) (NN day)) (PP (IN... | Still others say that the Sabbath remains as a day of rest on the Saturday, reserving Sunday as a day of worship. In reference to Acts 20:7, the disciples came together on the first day of the week (Sunday) to break bread and to hear the preaching of the apostle Paul. |
[
"(S (NP (DT This)) (VP (VBZ is) (ADVP (RB therefore)) (NP (NP (DT an) (JJ explicit) (NN rejection)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (NN commandment) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB keep) (NP (DT the) (`` \") (JJ seventh) ('' \") (NN day)) (S (ADJP (JJ holy)))))))))) (. .))",
"(S (ADVP (RB Instead)) (, ,) (NP (PRP they)) (VP (VBP... | This is therefore an explicit rejection of the commandment to keep the "seventh" day holy. Instead, they keep Saturday as the Sabbath as a memorial to God's work of creation saying that none of the Ten Commandments can ever be destroyed. Seventh-day Sabbatarians claim that the seventh day Sabbath was kept by the majori... |
[
"(S (S (NP (DT The) (NN sample)) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (NP (NNS data)) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT that)) (S (NP (PRP one)) (VP (MD can) (VP (VB see)))))))) (, ,) (CC and) (S (NP (DT the) (NN population)) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (NP (NP (NNS data)) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT that)) (S (NP (PRP one)) (VP (MD can) (VP (RB not) (VP (VB see))))))) (-L... | The sample is data that one can see, and the population is data that one cannot see (assuming that not every viewer in the population are asked). For another example, if we want to say whether a certain drug can help lower blood pressure, we could give the drug to people for some time and measure their blood pressure b... |
[
"(S (ADVP (RB However)) (, ,) (ADVP (RB sometimes)) (NP (JJ large) (JJ random) (NNS samples)) (VP (VBP are) (ADJP (JJ hard) (SBAR (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB take))))))) (. .))",
"(S (CC And) (NP (NN bias)) (VP (MD can) (VP (VB happen) (SBAR (IN if) (S (NP (JJ different) (NNS people)) (VP (VBP are) (RB not) (VP (VBN a... | However, sometimes large random samples are hard to take. And bias can happen if different people are not asked, or refuse to answer our questions, or if they say they are getting a fake treatment. These problems can be hard to fix. |
[
"(S (NP (NN Anarchism)) (VP (VBZ is) (SBAR (WHADVP (WRB when)) (S (NP (NP (DT a) (NN group)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NNS people)))) (VP (VP (VBP have) (NP (JJ complete) (NN freedom))) (CC and) (VP (VBP do) (RB not) (VP (VB believe) (PP (IN in) (S (VP (VBG having) (NP (DT a) (NN state)) (ADVP (RB at) (RB all))))))))))) (. ... | Anarchism is when a group of people have complete freedom and do not believe in having a state at all. Anarchists are a lot like Marxists, since they do not say that all people are equal, but they say (opposite to Marxists) that a country can work without any organizations in it. Law and order are not necessary. |
[
"(S (PP (IN For) (NP (NP (NNS thousands)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NNS years))))) (, ,) (NP (NNS people)) (VP (VBD had) (NP (NP (DT no) (NN need)) (PP (IN for) (NP (NP (DT a) (NN name)) (PP (IN for) (NP (NP (DT the) (`` \") (NNP Solar) (NNP System)) (-RRB- \"))))))) (. .))",
"(S (NP (PRP They)) (VP (VBD thought) (SBAR (S... | For thousands of years, people had no need for a name for the "Solar System". They said the Earth stayed still at the center of everything (geocentrism). Although the Greek philosopher Aristarchus of Samos suggested that there was a special order in the sky, Nicolaus Copernicus was the first to develop a mathematical s... |
[
"(S (NP (DT These) (NNS rings)) (VP (VBP are) (VP (VBN made) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN ice))) (PP (IN with) (NP (NP (JJR smaller) (NNS amounts)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NNS rocks) (CC and) (NN dust))))))) (. .))",
"(S (NP (DT Some) (NNS people)) (VP (VBP believe) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (DT the) (NNS rings)) (VP (VBD were) (VP... | These rings are made of ice with smaller amounts of rocks and dust. Some people say that the rings were caused from a moon impact or other event. Saturn is about 1,433,000,000 km (869,000,000 mi) on average from the Sun. |
[
"(S (NP (DT The) (NNP Cassini−Huygens) (NN spacecraft)) (VP (VBD discovered) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (DT the) (NN radio) (NNS waves)) (VP (VBD slowed) (ADVP (RB down))))) (, ,) (S (VP (VBG suggesting) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (DT the) (JJ rotational) (NN period)) (VP (VBD increased))))))) (. .))",
"(S (SBAR (IN Sinc... | The Cassini−Huygens spacecraft discovered that the radio waves slowed down, suggesting that the rotational period increased. Since the scientists do not say Saturn's rotation is actually slowing down, the explanation may lie in the magnetic field that causes the radio waves. |
[
"(S (NP (NNS Scientists)) (VP (VBP believe) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (DT the) (NNS rings)) (VP (VBP are) (NP (NP (NN material)) (VP (VBN left) (SBAR (IN after) (S (NP (DT a) (NN moon)) (VP (VBD broke) (PRT (RB apart))))))))))) (. .))",
"(S (NP (DT A) (JJ new) (NN idea)) (VP (VBZ says) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (PRP it... | Scientists say that the rings are material left after a moon broke apart. A new idea says that it was a very large moon, most of which crashed into the planet. |
[
"(S (S (NP (PRP They)) (VP (VBD did) (RB not) (VP (VB look) (PP (IN like) (NP (NP (NNS rings)) (PP (IN to) (NP (NNP Galileo)))))))) (, ,) (IN so) (S (NP (PRP he)) (VP (VBD called) (NP (PRP them)) (S (`` \") (NP (NNS handles))))) (. \") (. .))",
"(S (NP (PRP He)) (VP (VBD thought) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (NNP Satur... | They did not look like rings to Galileo, so he called them "handles". He said that Saturn was three separate planets that almost touched one another. In 1612, when the rings were facing edge on with the Earth, the rings disappeared, then reappeared again in 1613, further confusing Galileo. |
[
"(S (NP (DT These) (JJ large) (NNS waves)) (VP (VBP are) (ADJP (JJ high)) (, ,) (CC but) (ADVP (RB only)) (VP (VBG moving) (ADVP (RB slowly)) (PP (IN at) (NP (RB about) (DT each) (NN day))))) (. .))",
"(S (NP (DT Some) (NNS scientists)) (VP (VBP believe) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (DT the) (NN wave)) (VP (VBZ is) (VP... | These large waves are high, but only moving slowly at about each day. Some scientists say that the wave is caused by Saturn's moons. Another idea is the waves were made by a comet hitting Saturn in 1983 or 1984. |
[
"(S (ADVP (RB However)) (, ,) (SBAR (WHADVP (WRB when)) (S (NP (DT the) (NNP Voyager) (NNS spacecrafts)) (VP (VBD visited) (NP (NNP Saturn)) (PP (IN in) (NP (CD 1980)))))) (, ,) (NP (PRP they)) (VP (VBD discovered) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (DT the) (NNS rings)) (VP (VBP are) (NP (NP (DT a) (JJ complex) (NN structure)... | However, when the Voyager spacecrafts visited Saturn in 1980, they discovered that the rings are a complex structure, made out of thousands of thin gaps and ringlets. Scientists say this is caused by the gravitational force of some of Saturn's moons. The tiny moon Pan orbits inside Saturn's rings, creating a gap within... |
[
"(S (NP (NP (DT The) (NN power)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (NN lightning)))) (VP (VBD was) (VP (VBN measured) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB be) (ADJP (ADJP (QP (CD 1,000) (NNS times)) (RBR more) (JJ powerful)) (PP (IN than) (NP (NP (NN lightning)) (PP (IN on) (NP (NNP Earth))))))))))) (. .))",
"(S (NP (NNS Astronomers)) ... | The power of the lightning was measured to be 1,000 times more powerful than lightning on Earth. Astronomers say that the lightning observed in Saturn is the strongest ever seen. |
[
"(S (NP (DT This)) (VP (VBZ is) (SBAR (IN because) (S (NP (DT the) (NN military)) (VP (VBZ makes) (S (NP (DT some) (NNS citizens)) (VP (VB do) (NP (VBN forced) (NN labour)))))))) (. .))",
"(S (NP (DT The) (NNP International) (NNP Labour) (NNP Organisation)) (VP (VBZ says) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (PRP it)) (VP (VBZ... | This is because the military makes some citizens do forced labour. The International Labour Organisation says that it says that about 800,000 people are forced to work this way. |
[
"(S (NP (DT This)) (VP (VBZ means) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (PRP it)) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (NP (NP (DT a) (NN part)) (PP (IN of) (NP (PRP them)))) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT which)) (S (VP (VP (VBZ does) (RB not) (VP (VB die) (SBAR (WHADVP (WRB when)) (S (NP (PRP$ their) (JJ physical) (NN body)) (VP (VBZ dies)))))) (, ,) (CC but) ... | This means that it is a part of them which does not die when their physical body dies, but lives on with them to heaven or to hell. Christians say that the soul is the 'breath of life' which God gave to Adam. |
[
"(S (NP (NP (DT The) (JJ first) (NNS people)) (SBAR (S (NP (PRP we)) (VP (VBP know) (SBAR (S (VBD created) (NP (NNS plays)))))))) (VP (VBD were) (NP (NP (DT the) (NNP Ancient) (NNPS Greeks)) (, ,) (NP (IN about) (DT the) (NN year) (NP (CD 500))))) (. B.C.))",
"(S (NP (PRP They)) (VP (VBD divided) (NP (NNS plays))... | The first people we say created plays were the Ancient Greeks, about the year 500 B.C. |
[
"(S (PP (IN In) (NP (DT the) (NNP Middle) (NNPS Ages))) (, ,) (NP (DT the) (NNP Catholic) (NNP Church)) (VP (VBD began) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB use) (NP (NN theatre)) (PP (IN as) (NP (NP (DT a) (NN way)) (PP (IN of) (S (VP (VBG telling) (NP (NP (DT the) (NNS stories)) (PP (IN from) (NP (DT the) (NNP Bible)))) (PP (I... | In the Middle Ages, the Catholic Church began to use theatre as a way of telling the stories from the Bible to people who did not say how to read. They wrote Mystery Plays, where each part of the Bible story would be a play put on by a different group of people. |
[
"(S (S (NP (PRP$ His) (NNS plays)) (VP (VBD were) (ADJP (RB very) (JJ popular)))) (CC and) (S (NP (JJ many)) (VP (VBP are) (ADVP (RB still)) (VP (VBN performed) (NP (NN today))))) (. .))",
"(S (NP (JJ Many) (NNS people)) (VP (VBP believe) (SBAR (S (NP (NNP Shakespeare)) (VP (VBD was) (NP (NP (CD one)) (PP (IN of)... | His plays were very popular and many are still performed today. Many people say Shakespeare was one of the best playwrights (a writer of plays). |
[
"(S (NP (JJ Many) (NNS people)) (VP (VBP think) (SBAR (S (NP (NNS tests)) (VP (VBP are) (ADJP (JJ valuable)))))) (. .))",
"(S (NP (PRP They)) (VP (VBP believe) (NP (NNS tests))) (: :))"
] | Many people say tests are valuable. They believe tests:. |
[
"(S (NP (NN Today)) (, ,) (NP (NP (NNS people)) (SBAR (WHNP (WP who)) (S (VP (VBP live) (PP (IN in) (NP (NNP Taiwan))))))) (VP (VBP have) (NP (JJ different) (NNS ideas))) (. .))",
"(S (SBAR (IN Although) (S (NP (JJ many) (NNPS Taiwanese)) (VP (VBP think) (SBAR (S (NP (EX there)) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (DT no) (NN freed... | Today, people who live in Taiwan have different ideas. Although many Taiwanese say there is no freedom in China, there are still some Taiwanese who want to be united again with China. The majority of the people in Taiwan want to keep everything like it is now. |
[
"(S (NP (NNS Others)) (VP (VBP believe) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (DT the) (NNP Sabbath)) (VP (VBZ remains) (PP (IN as) (NP (DT a) (NN day)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN rest)))) (PP (IN on) (NP (NNP Saturday))) (, ,) (SBAR (IN while) (S (S (NP (NNP Sunday)) (PP (PP (IN as) (NP (NP (DT a) (NN day)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN worship)... | Others say that the Sabbath remains as a day of rest on Saturday, while Sunday as a day of worship, in reference to Acts 20:7: the disciples came together on the first day of the week to break bread and to hear the preaching of the apostle Paul. Also, Jesus appeared to his followers on the "first day of the week" while... |
[
"(S (NP (NP (DT The) (NML (NNP Seventh) (HYPH -) (NN day)) (NNP Adventist) (NNP Church)) (, ,) (CC and) (NP (DT some) (NNS others)) (, ,)) (VP (VBP believe) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (NP (DT the) (NN custom)) (PP (IN of) (S (VP (VBG meeting) (PP (IN for) (NP (NN worship))) (PP (IN on) (NP (NNP Sunday))))))) (VP (VBD o... | The Seventh-day Adventist Church, and some others, say that the custom of meeting for worship on Sunday originated in paganism, specifically Sol Invictus and Mithraism (in which sun god worship took place on Sunday). Instead, Adventists keep Saturday as the Sabbath as a memorial to God's work of creation saying that no... |
[
"(S (NP (NP (NP (JJR Older) (JJ Protestant) (NNS translations)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (NNP Bible)))) (, ,) (NP (NP (DT those)) (VP (VBN based) (PP (IN on) (NP (DT the) (ADJP (NML (NNP Vulgate)) (CC and) (ADJP (JJ Roman) (JJ Catholic))) (NNS translations)))))) (ADVP (RB usually)) (VP (VP (VBP translate) (NP (PRP ... | Older Protestant translations of the Bible, those based on the Vulgate and Roman Catholic translations usually translate it "Thou shalt not kill". The Catholic Church says that endangerment of human life or safety is a mortal sin that breaks The Fifth Commandment. Furthermore, the Catholic Church does not believe in a ... |
[
"(S (ADVP (RB Furthermore)) (, ,) (NP (DT the) (NNP Catholic) (NNP Church)) (VP (VBZ does) (RB not) (VP (VB believe) (PP (IN in) (NP (NP (DT a) (NN difference)) (PP (IN between) (NP (NN murder) (CC and) (NN manslaughter))))) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN way)) (SBAR (S (NP (DT the) (NN law)) (VP (VBZ does))))))) (. .))",
... | Furthermore, the Catholic Church does not believe in a difference between murder and manslaughter the way the law does. With the exceptions of killing in self-defense (a form of manslaughter in many nations' laws) and killing in war, the Catholic Church says all other forms of killing or attempting to kill violate The ... |
[
"(S (S (VP (VBG Telling) (NP (NP (JJ false) (NN gossip)) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT which)) (S (VP (VBZ harms) (NP (NN someone)))))))) (VP (VBZ is) (ADJP (JJ similar))) (. .))",
"(S (NP (DT Some)) (VP (VBP think) (SBAR (S (NP (DT this) (NN commandment)) (VP (VBZ includes) (NP (DT all) (VBG lying)))))) (. .))",
"(S (NP (P... | Telling false gossip which harms someone is similar. Some say this commandment includes all lying. It is to knowingly give any false statement. |
[
"(S (NP (DT This)) (VP (MD would) (VP (VB include) (S (VP (VBG changing) (NP (DT the) (NN truth)) (S (VP (VP (TO to) (VP (VB be) (ADJP (JJ modest)))) (CC or) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB avoid) (NP (NP (NN harm)) (PP (IN to) (NP (NN someone))))))))))))) (. .))",
"(S (NP (NNP Saint) (NNP Augustine)) (VP (VBD believed) (... | This would include changing the truth to be modest or to avoid harm to someone. Saint Augustine said that some lies could be pardoned, and that there were in fact occasions when lying would be the right thing to do. He says that lies which hurt nobody and benefit someone may be forgiven. |
[
"(S (NP (NNS Arborists)) (VP (VBP are) (ADJP (RB very) (JJ aware) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (VBN established) (NNS trees)) (VP (MD will) (RB not) (VP (VB tolerate) (NP (NP (DT any) (JJ appreciable) (NN disturbance)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (NN root) (NN system)))))))))) (. .))",
"(S (SBAR (ADVP (RB Even)) (IN thoug... | Arborists are very aware that established trees will not tolerate any appreciable disturbance of the root system. Even though that is true, most people and construction professionals do not say how easily a tree can be killed. |
[
"(S (NP (JJS Most) (JJ early) (NNS models)) (VP (VBD had) (NP (DT the) (NNP Earth)) (PP (IN at) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN centre)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (NNP Universe)))))) (. .))",
"(S (NP (DT Some) (JJ ancient) (NNPS Greeks)) (VP (VBD thought) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (DT the) (NNP Universe)) (VP (VP (VBZ has) (NP ... | Most early models had the Earth at the centre of the Universe. Some ancient Greeks said that the Universe has infinite space and has existed forever. They said it had a set of celestial spheres which corresponded to the fixed stars, the Sun and various planets. The spheres circled about a round but unmoving Earth. |
[
"(S (PP (IN In) (NP (DT the) (NNS 1900s))) (, ,) (NP (ADJP (RB even) (JJR better)) (NNS telescopes)) (VP (VBD led) (NP (NNS astronomers)) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB realize) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (DT the) (NNP Solar) (NNP System)) (VP (VBZ is) (PP (IN in) (NP (NP (DT a) (NN galaxy)) (VP (VBN made) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP ... | In the 1900s, even better telescopes led astronomers to say that the Solar System is in a galaxy made of billions of stars, which we call the Milky Way. They also said that other galaxies exist outside it, as far as we can see. This started a new kind of astronomy called cosmology, in which astronomers study what these... |
[
"(S (NP (EX There)) (VP (VBP are) (NP (NP (NP (JJ many) (NNS kinds)) (PP (IN of) (NP (JJ scientific) (NN evidence)))) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT that)) (S (VP (VBP support) (NP (DT the) (NML (NNP Big) (NNP Bang)) (NN idea))))))) (. .))",
"(S (NP (NNS Astronomers)) (VP (VBP think) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (DT the) (NNP Big) (... | There are many kinds of scientific evidence that support the Big Bang idea. Astronomers say that the Big Bang happened about 13.73 billion years ago, making the Universe 13. |
[
"(S (PP (IN Because) (IN of) (NP (DT this))) (, ,) (NP (NNS astronomers)) (VP (VBP call) (NP (NP (DT the) (JJ mysterious) (NN energy)) (VP (VBG causing) (NP (DT the) (NN expansion)))) (S (NP (JJ dark) (NN energy)))) (. .))",
"(S (PP (IN By) (S (VP (VBG studying) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN expansion)) (PP (IN of) (NP (D... | Because of this, astronomers call the mysterious energy causing the expansion dark energy. By studying the expansion of the Universe, astronomers have also said most of the matter in the Universe may be in a form which cannot be observed by any scientific equipment we have. This matter has been named dark matter. |
[
"(S (S (S (ADVP (RB Just)) (VP (TO to) (VP (VB be) (ADJP (JJ clear))))) (, ,) (NP (JJ dark) (NN matter) (CC and) (NN energy)) (VP (VBP have) (RB not) (VP (VBN been) (VP (VBN observed) (ADVP (RB directly)))))) (PRN (-LRB- -LRB-) (S (NP (DT that)) (VP (VBZ is) (SBAR (WHADVP (WRB why)) (S (NP (PRP they)) (VP (VBP are)... | Just to be clear, dark matter and energy have not been observed directly (that is why they are called 'dark'). However, many astronomers say they must exist, because many astronomical observations would be hard to explain if they didn't. |
[
"(S (NP (DT Some) (NNS people)) (VP (VBP think) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (EX there)) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (QP (JJR more) (IN than) (CD one)) (NN universe)))))) (. .))",
"(S (NP (PRP They)) (VP (VBP think) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (EX there)) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (NP (NP (DT a) (NN set)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NNS universes)))) (VP... | Some people say that there is more than one universe. They say that there is a set of universes called the multiverse. By definition, there is no way for anything in one universe to affect something in another. |
[
"(S (NP (NP (DT The) (NNS units)) (PP (IN for) (NP (NN electricity) (, ,) (NN magnetism) (CC and) (NN radiation)))) (VP (VBD were) (ADVP (RB mostly)) (VP (VBN invented) (PP (IN in) (NP (NP (DT the) (JJ 19th) (NN century)) (SBAR (WHADVP (WRB when)) (S (NP (NNS scientists)) (VP (VBD learned) (SBAR (WHADVP (WRB how)) ... | The units for electricity, magnetism and radiation were mostly invented in the 19th century when scientists said how to measure them. Most were originally given imperial systems, but it is usual to use metric systems for them today. |
[
"(S (NP (NP (DT The) (NNS rings)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NNP Uranus)))) (VP (VBD were) (VP (VBN discovered) (PP (IN in) (NP (CD 1977))))) (. .))",
"(S (S (ADVP (NP (QP (RBR More) (IN than) (CD 200)) (NNS years)) (RB ago)) (, ,) (NP (NNP William) (NNP Herschel)) (ADVP (RB also)) (VP (VBD reported) (S (VP (VBG observing)... | The rings of Uranus were discovered in 1977. More than 200 years ago, William Herschel also reported observing rings, but modern astronomers do not say that he saw them, because they are very dark and faint. Two additional rings were discovered in 1986 in images taken by Voyager 2, and two outer rings were found in 200... |
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