question stringlengths 14 1.87k | choices listlengths 2 9 | answer stringclasses 4
values | source stringclasses 3
values | __index_level_0__ int64 0 17k |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Which human body system attacks viruses and bacteria once they have invaded the body? | [
"circulatory",
"endocrine",
"digestive",
"immune"
] | D | ai2_arc | 100 |
The atoms that make up oxygen gas | [
"share two covalent bonds.",
"have a definite shape.",
"share a pair of neutrons.",
"have two free electrons."
] | A | ai2_arc | 101 |
A student wants to cut a piece of string for a class activity. The length of the string is measured BEST in which units? | [
"Gallons",
"Liters",
"Miles",
"Centimeters"
] | D | ai2_arc | 102 |
If the atomic mass number of an atom is 35, which statement is most accurate? | [
"The atom is not an isotope.",
"The atomic number is less than 17.",
"The atom has an odd number of neutrons.",
"The number of protons does not equal the number of neutrons."
] | D | ai2_arc | 103 |
Biotic components need to be recycled through an ecosystem. Which type of organisms are best able to recycle nutrients back into the ecosystem? | [
"decomposers",
"predators",
"producers",
"scavengers"
] | A | ai2_arc | 104 |
Roger visited his grandfather who lives on a farm. While he was there, he helped his grandfather move hay out of the barn. As Roger worked in the barn he began sneezing. Which system of the body most likely caused Roger to sneeze? | [
"circulatory",
"excretory",
"digestive",
"immune"
] | D | ai2_arc | 105 |
Why should plants be included in investigations about the water cycle? | [
"Plants speed up the water cycle by removing carbon from the air.",
"Plants start the water cycle when they make water in photosynthesis.",
"Plants are part of the water cycle through the process of transpiration.",
"Plants stop the water cycle because they absorb it and stop the flow to streams."
] | C | ai2_arc | 106 |
Which statement best identifies a basic need of all animals? | [
"They need to eat.",
"They need to hide.",
"They need to jump.",
"They need to smell."
] | A | ai2_arc | 107 |
Which of the following describes an instinctive behavior? | [
"a behavior that occurs only in adult fish",
"a behavior that occurs only in small mammals",
"a behavior that an animal learns how to do over time",
"a behavior that an animal is born knowing how to do"
] | D | ai2_arc | 108 |
Which of these provide the best evidence that life could develop on Mars? | [
"its atmospheric gases",
"its surface temperatures",
"its craters and rocky surface",
"its ice and organic molecules"
] | D | ai2_arc | 109 |
The primary reason that plants are important for an ecosystem is because they | [
"provide energy for consumers.",
"depend on other organisms for shelter.",
"break down dead animal matter.",
"consume nutrients for energy."
] | A | ai2_arc | 110 |
Energy from the Sun reaches Earth by | [
"radiation.",
"conduction.",
"convection.",
"thermal expansion."
] | A | ai2_arc | 111 |
Scientists study the current conditions of many solar system objects to gain insight into conditions early in the history of Earth. Which phenomenon most closely models current theories of early Earth? | [
"liquid forming valleys on Mars",
"hundreds of active volcanoes on Io",
"rock and ice forming the core of Neptune",
"ice covering the entire surface of Europa"
] | B | ai2_arc | 112 |
Jonathan places a pot of water on a stove. As the water boils, how does the state of the water change? | [
"from gas to liquid",
"from liquid to gas",
"from liquid to solid",
"from solid to liquid"
] | B | ai2_arc | 113 |
Animal cells obtain energy by | [
"processing sunlight.",
"absorbing nutrients.",
"growing.",
"dividing."
] | B | ai2_arc | 114 |
Which illness is associated with a weakened immune system in the body? | [
"tetanus",
"cancer",
"measles",
"rabies"
] | B | ai2_arc | 115 |
In the human kidney, urea from the blood is filtered through the glomerular membrane into a nephron. The movement of urea across this membrane occurs without an input of energy. Which factor is the most likely reason urea absorption does not require energy? | [
"a pH imbalance",
"a pressure difference",
"a temperature increase",
"a concentration gradient"
] | D | ai2_arc | 116 |
The greatest amount of diversity can be found among which type of organism? | [
"plants",
"animals",
"bacteria",
"fungi"
] | C | ai2_arc | 117 |
Which energy type is common enough in Nevada to make a significant contribution to the renewable energy needs of the state? | [
"coal",
"geothermal",
"natural gas",
"petroleum"
] | B | ai2_arc | 118 |
Until recently the Grand Canyon was thought to be about 5-6 million years old. Recently a scientist gathered data and wrote a paper for a scientific journal that indicated the canyon is about 17 million years old. Before this new information about the canyon is accepted, which of these needs to occur? | [
"The scientist needs to publish additional papers.",
"The scientist needs to obtain government support.",
"Other scientists need to state their beliefs.",
"Many scientists need to evaluate the data."
] | D | ai2_arc | 119 |
Which human trait is most likely inherited from a parent? | [
"learning to ride a bike",
"holding a spoon",
"reading a book",
"height"
] | D | ai2_arc | 120 |
Foam weather stripping is often placed in the frames of doors and windows in a home. What is the purpose of this weather stripping? | [
"The weather stripping increases heat transfer by radiation.",
"Heat is conducted quickly through the weather stripping.",
"The weather stripping reduces heat loss due to convection.",
"Heat can transfer through the weather stripping due to reflection."
] | C | ai2_arc | 121 |
For a technology project, Kyle came up with an idea to build a model bridge. He wants his bridge to span 50 cm and to support a 1 kg object. According to the engineering design process, which of the following should be Kyle's next step? | [
"construct prototypes of different kinds of bridges",
"research the different designs of bridges",
"gather the materials needed to build the bridge",
"make a drawing to show how to build the bridge"
] | B | ai2_arc | 122 |
Light travels fastest through which of the following? | [
"air",
"glass",
"water",
"a vacuum"
] | D | ai2_arc | 123 |
Different systems of the human body perform different functions. Which system takes oxygen from the air to be moved by the circulatory system? | [
"the respiratory system",
"the digestive system",
"the nervous system",
"the skeletal system"
] | A | ai2_arc | 124 |
A solar cell turns sunlight into another form of energy. A solar cell is most like what natural structure? | [
"an elephant's ears",
"a plant's leaves",
"a deer's hooves",
"a tree's roots"
] | B | ai2_arc | 125 |
The Sun appears to move across the sky each day, rising in the east and setting in the west. What causes this apparent motion? | [
"the rotation of Earth on its axis",
"the revolution of the Sun around Earth",
"the Earth’s distance from the Sun",
"the properties of Earth’s atmosphere"
] | A | ai2_arc | 126 |
What causes a blue block to appear blue in the sunlight? | [
"The block absorbs all blue light.",
"The block bends (refracts) all blue light.",
"Only blue light is reflected by the block.",
"Only blue light passes through the block."
] | C | ai2_arc | 127 |
A student determined the density of different bars of soap. Which should the student most likely do to check the accuracy of the results? | [
"complete the experiment in one day",
"test multiple brands of soap",
"record data in metric units",
"repeat the experiment"
] | D | ai2_arc | 128 |
Which method below would be the best way to determine if an egg, plastic foam, a piece of wood, or a candle would float on water? | [
"observing each object in water",
"measuring the size of each object",
"calculating the weight of the objects",
"comparing the shapes of the objects"
] | A | ai2_arc | 129 |
Liam lives in the Northern Hemisphere of Earth and plays in the snow in December. His friend lives in the Southern Hemisphere of Earth and plays at the beach in December. What is the best explanation for why this is possible? | [
"tilt of Earth on its axis",
"rotation of Earth on its axis",
"revolution of Earth around the Sun",
"revolution of the Moon around Earth"
] | A | ai2_arc | 130 |
A scientist needs to take a picture of the well-ordered arrangements of the atoms and molecules within a substance. Which of the following instruments would be best for the scientist to use? | [
"a laser light with holograph.",
"a seismograph.",
"an electron microscope.",
"a stereoscope."
] | C | ai2_arc | 131 |
Gold atoms can be identified based on the number of which subatomic particles? | [
"neutrons",
"electrons",
"nuclei",
"protons"
] | D | ai2_arc | 132 |
Which is needed for both boiling and melting to occur? | [
"solids",
"gases",
"heat",
"pressure"
] | C | ai2_arc | 133 |
Which of the following is an example of genetic engineering? | [
"Growing a whole plant from a single cell.",
"Finding the sequences of bases in plant DNA.",
"Inserting a gene into plants that makes them resistant to insects.",
"Attaching the root of one type of plant to the stem of another type of plant."
] | C | ai2_arc | 134 |
Which of the following is an example of a container that is filled with a pure substance rather than with a mixture? | [
"a tire filled with air",
"a jar filled with salt water",
"a balloon filled with helium",
"a glass filled with chocolate milk"
] | C | ai2_arc | 135 |
Which best describes the role of the esophagus in digestion? | [
"It releases acid and mixes food.",
"It aids in absorption of nutrients from food.",
"It carries food from the mouth to the stomach.",
"It carries food from the stomach to the intestines."
] | C | ai2_arc | 136 |
Which change is most likely caused by a thunderstorm? | [
"a glacier moving",
"a stream flooding",
"a volcano erupting",
"a mountain forming"
] | B | ai2_arc | 137 |
Which is an example of an organism that has been selectively bred for a particular genetic trait? | [
"cats that eat mice",
"cows that graze on grass",
"pigs that form large herds",
"chickens that lay large eggs"
] | D | ai2_arc | 138 |
Which of these can be described as a system of stars, gases, dust, and other matter that orbits a common center of gravity? | [
"an asteroid",
"a galaxy",
"a nebula",
"a comet"
] | B | ai2_arc | 139 |
The Florida Bog Frog (Lithobates okaloosae) inhabits shallow stream overflows in three counties in Florida. With such a small geographic habitat, any change in the frog's environment could cause drastic changes in the population. Which would most likely affect the frog population if acid rain changed the pH of the wate... | [
"Prey insects would become inedible.",
"Tadpoles would be unable to survive.",
"Breeding sites would become unavailable.",
"Predators would choose another food source."
] | B | ai2_arc | 140 |
Which function do kidneys provide to maintain homeostasis? | [
"the removal of excess heat from the body",
"the removal of carbon dioxide from the body",
"the removal of excess oxygen from the blood",
"the removal of nitrogenous wastes from the blood"
] | D | ai2_arc | 141 |
While running, leg muscles work to move leg bones, and the skin helps to | [
"regulate body temperature.",
"sense small changes in the heart rate.",
"transport nutrients to muscles.",
"maintain oxygen levels in the blood."
] | A | ai2_arc | 142 |
Rolanda is growing tomato plants in her garden. She has created a compost pile and has been adding compost around her tomato plants to help fertilize them. Compost is solid waste in which organic material is broken down by microorganisms in the presence of oxygen to where it can be safely stored, handled, and applied t... | [
"producers",
"consumers",
"scavengers",
"decomposers"
] | D | ai2_arc | 143 |
Some students were on a tour exploring the inside of a cave. While the students were in the cave, they realized they heard an echo every time that they spoke. Which most likely caused the echo to occur? | [
"the accumulation of the sound waves",
"the diffraction of the sound waves",
"the refraction of the sound waves",
"the reflection of the sound waves"
] | D | ai2_arc | 144 |
A scientist uses angstrom units to measure the distance between two points. The scientist is most likely measuring the distance between two | [
"atoms.",
"cities.",
"continents.",
"stars."
] | A | ai2_arc | 145 |
Based on the evidence available at the time, early models of the solar system stated that all objects in space orbited Earth. In the 16th century, an astronomer reevaluated the evidence and proposed a model of the solar system that is still in use. What part of this model corrected the mistake in previous solar system ... | [
"The Sun is at the center of this model.",
"Earth is the largest object in this model.",
"This model contains more than one star.",
"This model shows that Earth is stationary."
] | A | ai2_arc | 146 |
The hormone insulin is secreted by the pancreas. Which activity is most likely to trigger an increase in the levels of insulin circulating in the blood? | [
"driving",
"eating",
"jogging",
"sleeping"
] | B | ai2_arc | 147 |
In gym class a student kicks a soccer ball high into the air. As the ball goes upward, which type of energy is increasing? | [
"kinetic energy",
"thermal energy",
"potential energy",
"mechanical energy"
] | C | ai2_arc | 148 |
Which best describes the orbit of the Moon around Earth? | [
"circular with a period of about one month",
"circular with a period of about one week",
"elliptical with a period of about one month",
"elliptical with a period of about one week"
] | C | ai2_arc | 149 |
In any physical or chemical process, what two quantities are always conserved? | [
"matter and total energy",
"light and acoustic energy",
"density and thermal energy",
"gravity and potential energy"
] | A | ai2_arc | 150 |
The nucleus of MOST atoms consists of | [
"neutrons only",
"protons and neutrons",
"protons and electrons",
"neutrons and electrons"
] | B | ai2_arc | 151 |
The complete removal of decomposers from an ecosystem will have the greatest effect on which of the following? | [
"the spread of disease",
"the availability of water",
"the recycling of nutrients",
"the distribution of organisms"
] | C | ai2_arc | 152 |
In an accurate diagram of the solar system, which object would be shown closest to Earth? | [
"the Moon",
"the asteroid belt",
"Mars",
"Saturn"
] | A | ai2_arc | 153 |
Typically, sedimentary rocks are formed | [
"only in erupting volcanoes.",
"only under great pressure and high temperatures.",
"below Earth's surface as magma cools and crystallizes.",
"from materials that settle."
] | D | ai2_arc | 154 |
Which renewable resource is used with photovoltaic cells to produce electricity? | [
"hydrothermal energy",
"solar energy",
"geothermal energy",
"nuclear energy"
] | B | ai2_arc | 155 |
Which will most likely happen to a solid substance that is heated? | [
"It will melt.",
"It will boil.",
"It will harden.",
"It will evaporate."
] | A | ai2_arc | 156 |
A scientist observes an unusual activity while studying bacterial cells. Using scientific inquiry to investigate the activity will enable the scientist to | [
"control the behavior.",
"prove that the behavior is beneficial.",
"evaluate different explanations of the behavior.",
"conclude how the behavior will change in the future."
] | C | ai2_arc | 157 |
To safely conduct an experiment using chemicals, what should students always do? | [
"Work in large groups.",
"Wear safety goggles.",
"Wear short sleeves.",
"Keep a window open."
] | B | ai2_arc | 158 |
Which are two parts of the carbon cycle? | [
"freezing and thawing",
"growth and reproduction",
"evaporation and precipitation",
"photosynthesis and respiration"
] | D | ai2_arc | 159 |
The digestive system breaks food into simple substances that the body can use. What system carries these simple substances from the digestive system to other parts of the body? | [
"circulatory",
"nervous",
"respiratory",
"skeletal"
] | A | ai2_arc | 160 |
A student conducts an experiment using a common but potentially harmful bacteria culture. After working with the bacteria, which is the most important safety practice to follow? | [
"turn off any electrical equipment",
"dispose of waste materials",
"wash hands and tabletops thoroughly",
"return materials to their proper place"
] | C | ai2_arc | 161 |
Which of these environmental changes goes on for months or years? | [
"drought",
"flood",
"avalanche",
"landslide"
] | A | ai2_arc | 162 |
Erin placed her shamrock plant in a dark corner. Soon she saw that the leaves had tilted toward her window. What did the plant need most from the window? | [
"sunlight during the day",
"air during the day",
"darkness at night",
"warmth at night"
] | A | ai2_arc | 163 |
Which gravitational pull has the greatest influence on Earth's tides? | [
"the gravitational pull between Earth and the Moon",
"the gravitational pull between Earth and the Sun",
"the gravitational pull between Earth and Jupiter",
"the gravitational pull between Earth and Mars"
] | A | ai2_arc | 164 |
One key physical process in beach formation is wave action. Sand is deposited on beaches as waves break onto the shoreline and the energy from the wave scatters. Which type of energy is most used by wave action to modify the shape of the beaches? | [
"thermal",
"potential",
"chemical",
"mechanical"
] | D | ai2_arc | 165 |
A student is asked to bring something that feels rough to class. Which would be BEST for him to bring? | [
"Pillow",
"Marble",
"Sandpaper",
"Trading card"
] | C | ai2_arc | 166 |
What tool would be used to examine a fingerprint? | [
"a graduated cylinder",
"a hand lens",
"a pair of goggles",
"a thermometer"
] | B | ai2_arc | 167 |
Which of the following is a mineral? | [
"diamond",
"plastic",
"steel",
"wood"
] | A | ai2_arc | 168 |
During a rainstorm, leaves wash down a gully on a hillside. The water slows down at the foot of the hill and fans out, depositing the leaves. What geologic structure is formed in a similar way? | [
"a basalt column",
"a stalactite",
"a fault line",
"a delta"
] | D | ai2_arc | 169 |
The change in fur color of the Arctic hare from brown in the summer to white in the winter is an example of | [
"mimicry.",
"heredity.",
"diversity.",
"camouflage."
] | D | ai2_arc | 170 |
Which sense is used to tell if there is sugar in a glass of tea? | [
"Touch",
"Hearing",
"Smell",
"Taste"
] | D | ai2_arc | 171 |
All organisms contain DNA and RNA. What are the subunits of DNA and RNA? | [
"simple sugars",
"amino acids",
"carbohydrates",
"nucleotides"
] | D | ai2_arc | 172 |
How does ice change the shape of rocks? | [
"It dissolves the rocks by pooling on surfaces.",
"It breaks the rocks by expanding in openings.",
"It smooths the rocks by colliding with them.",
"It moves the rocks by pressing on them."
] | B | ai2_arc | 173 |
Which property of Earth's interior keeps the innermost part in a solid state? | [
"relatively low temperature",
"extremely high pressure",
"high rate of heat flow",
"low rate of radioactive decay"
] | B | ai2_arc | 174 |
Diseases that can be transmitted between organisms are | [
"infectious.",
"inherited.",
"environmental.",
"congenital."
] | A | ai2_arc | 175 |
The transfer of thermal energy from one object to another is known as | [
"heat.",
"electricity.",
"magnetism.",
"temperature."
] | A | ai2_arc | 176 |
Which part of the body carries out the function of copying DNA? | [
"brain",
"heart",
"bones",
"cells"
] | D | ai2_arc | 177 |
The atomic mass of an atom is | [
"the same as the atomic number.",
"the same as the group number.",
"the sum of protons and neutrons.",
"the difference between protons and electrons."
] | C | ai2_arc | 178 |
Which scientist is best known for studying plants and animals? | [
"Isaac Newton",
"Albert Einstein",
"Charles Darwin",
"Nicolaus Copernicus"
] | C | ai2_arc | 179 |
Green plants get the energy they need to make food from | [
"air",
"sunlight",
"water",
"soil"
] | B | ai2_arc | 180 |
The movement of soil by wind or water is called | [
"condensation",
"evaporation",
"erosion",
"friction"
] | C | ai2_arc | 181 |
Arctic areas are covered with snow and ice for much of the year. Which color rabbits would be safest from foxes there? | [
"grey",
"black",
"white",
"brown"
] | C | ai2_arc | 182 |
The ratio of an object's mass to its volume is its | [
"area.",
"perimeter.",
"density.",
"weight."
] | C | ai2_arc | 183 |
As the hawk population increases in an ecosystem, the deer mouse population will most likely decrease as a result of | [
"decrease in food source.",
"increase in disease.",
"increase in predators.",
"decrease in habitat."
] | C | ai2_arc | 184 |
Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere trap heat near Earth's surface. Which of these is a greenhouse gas? | [
"nitrogen",
"argon",
"water vapor",
"oxygen"
] | C | ai2_arc | 185 |
What happens during photosynthesis? | [
"Insects pollinate plants.",
"Plants change soil into food energy.",
"Animals get carbon dioxide from plants.",
"Plants change light energy into food energy."
] | D | ai2_arc | 186 |
Which is an example of a chemical reaction? | [
"The melting of ice",
"The grinding of salt crystals to powder",
"The burning of wood",
"The evaporation of water from a puddle"
] | C | ai2_arc | 187 |
A baby kit fox grows to become an adult with a mass of over 3.5 kg. What factor will have the greatest influence on this kit fox's survival? | [
"the size of the fox's ears",
"the conditions of the fox's habitat",
"the average number of fox offspring",
"the social behaviors within the fox population"
] | B | ai2_arc | 188 |
Which part of a plant produces the seeds? | [
"flower",
"leaves",
"stem",
"roots"
] | A | ai2_arc | 189 |
Which of the following is found in all living organisms? | [
"cell",
"organ",
"organ system",
"tissue"
] | A | ai2_arc | 190 |
What is the role of decomposers in a food chain? | [
"They consume other organisms.",
"They break down dead organic matter.",
"They use the Sun's energy to make food.",
"They convert inorganic matter into organic matter."
] | B | ai2_arc | 191 |
Copernicus changed the way people viewed the solar system by | [
"claiming Earth is in orbit about the Sun.",
"inventing, then improving, the telescope.",
"writing the theory of the infinite universe.",
"showing planetary orbits are elliptical."
] | A | ai2_arc | 192 |
Which part of the electromagnetic spectrum can humans sense without using equipment or technology? | [
"radio waves",
"visible light",
"microwaves",
"X-rays"
] | B | ai2_arc | 193 |
The nervous system is composed of cells, tissues, and organs. Which is a cell of the nervous system? | [
"brain",
"spinal cord",
"ganglion",
"neuron"
] | D | ai2_arc | 194 |
A shallow container of salt water is placed in sunlight for a day. Which is the most likely result? | [
"All of the mixture will evaporate.",
"The salt will keep the water from evaporating.",
"The salt will separate from the water and float at the top of the container.",
"Only the water will evaporate and the salt will remain in the container."
] | D | ai2_arc | 195 |
Which of these will best separate a saltwater solution? | [
"using a paper filtering system",
"using chromatography",
"allowing the salt to settle",
"allowing the water to evaporate"
] | D | ai2_arc | 196 |
Mrs. Henderson's class has five small, covered boxes. One contains perfume; another contains dried onions. There is also a box of pine needles, a box of lemon pieces, and a box with a paper towel wet with vanilla flavoring. Which should they do to get the best information about what is in each box? | [
"Shake the boxes.",
"Smell the boxes.",
"Listen to the boxes.",
"Weigh the boxes."
] | B | ai2_arc | 197 |
Which features are physical properties of an iron nail? | [
"conducts heat, magnetic, solid",
"conducts electricity, magnetic, rusts",
"conducts sound, insulates, non-magnetic",
"dissolves, conducts heat, non-magnetic"
] | A | ai2_arc | 198 |
Which item would a magnet attract? | [
"iron nail",
"wool cloth",
"wooden stick",
"glass marble"
] | A | ai2_arc | 199 |
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