qchapp/MNLP_M3_rag_dataset · Datasets at Hugging Face

question stringlengths 14 1.87k	choices listlengths 2 9	answer stringclasses 4 values	source stringclasses 3 values	__index_level_0__ int64 0 17k
After nitrogen becomes part of the lithosphere, what is the next change that nitrogen will undergo?	[ "used as a nutrient by plants", "fixed by bacteria in the soil", "converted into oxygen", "absorbed into the atmosphere by lightning" ]	B	ai2_arc	300
Which of the following would be more likely to pollute a river?	[ "allowing beavers to build a dam", "spreading fertilizer near the river", "mowing the grass on the river bank", "fishing from a bridge over the river" ]	B	ai2_arc	301
For two organisms to be classified as the same species, they must produce offspring that are	[ "fertile.", "adaptable.", "alive at birth.", "identical to the parents." ]	A	ai2_arc	302
Which sentence best describes the organization of the heart?	[ "The heart is an organ made up of different types of tissues, each of which has different types of cells.", "The heart is a tissue made up of different types of organs, each of which has different types of cells.", "The heart is a system made up of one type of tissue and identical cells.", "The heart is a tissue made up of one type of organ and identical cells." ]	A	ai2_arc	303
Which stage in the reptile life cycle is most like the birth of a lion cub?	[ "hatching from an egg", "shedding the skin", "hunting for food", "finding a mate" ]	A	ai2_arc	304
What would be the best way to determine the role of squirrels in a forest ecosystem?	[ "measure the length and mass of several squirrels", "determine the genes that control squirrel traits", "make field observations of squirrels in their natural habitat", "read articles about the energy and nutrient requirements of squirrels" ]	C	ai2_arc	305
Which of the following systems breaks food into nutrients that can be used by the body?	[ "circulatory", "digestive", "respiratory", "reproductive" ]	B	ai2_arc	306
Barry collected four different rocks. The rock with the GREATEST mass will feel the ___.	[ "heaviest", "smoothest", "sharpest", "hardest" ]	A	ai2_arc	307
Which of the following is not an inherited trait of humans?	[ "eye color", "hair color", "favorite food", "height" ]	C	ai2_arc	308
When a person chews, saliva from the mouth mixes with starches in food. These starches begin to turn into sugars. Changing starches into sugars is best described as	[ "a phase change.", "a cellular change.", "a physical change.", "a chemical change." ]	D	ai2_arc	309
Which of these renewable resources results in an increase in pollution when used to produce energy?	[ "water", "wind", "biomass", "geothermal" ]	C	ai2_arc	310
Granite is an igneous rock. Which of these describes what usually happens to granite after it is weathered, broken into small particles, buried deep underground, and compacted?	[ "The granite becomes a new rock type.", "The granite forms an active volcano.", "The granite becomes part of a deep fault.", "The granite forms a tall mountain." ]	A	ai2_arc	311
The features below are all present on Earth. Which feature could also be found on the Moon?	[ "crater", "clouds", "electrical storms", "nitrogen based atmosphere" ]	A	ai2_arc	312
What is the highest temperature that water can reach in a pot on a stove?	[ "50°C", "90°C", "100°C", "212°C" ]	C	ai2_arc	313
In 2004 the Hubble space telescope captured images of distant star clusters, each containing about a million stars. These star clusters were most likely part of which structure?	[ "a black hole", "a galaxy", "a nebula", "a solar system" ]	B	ai2_arc	314
Where is most of the mass of the atom located?	[ "in the protons", "in the nucleus", "in the neutrons", "in the electrons" ]	B	ai2_arc	315
The BEST way to tell the DIFFERENCE between an oak and a maple tree is to compare the	[ "height of both trees.", "number of leaves on the trees.", "size of the root systems of the trees.", "shape of the leaves." ]	D	ai2_arc	316
Which example describes a learned behavior in a dog?	[ "smelling the air for odors", "barking when disturbed", "sitting on command", "digging in soil" ]	C	ai2_arc	317
In a lab investigation, a student notes that two metal blocks have the same mass. Based on this observation, if the two blocks were put on opposite sides of a balance, they would best represent	[ "balanced forces.", "unbalanced forces.", "equal and opposite reactions.", "objects in motion." ]	A	ai2_arc	318
A scientist was investigating why several fish caught from a local stream displayed similar mutations. He found that the water temperature of the stream was elevated since an industrial plant began discharging heated water into the stream. The scientist concluded that increased water temperature during the egg phase led to the mutation in the fish. According to this conclusion, the mutation was caused by	[ "an autoimmune disorder.", "a congenital defect.", "an environmental condition.", "an injury from a predator." ]	C	ai2_arc	319
Solar radiation has a part in the water cycle by	[ "affecting ocean tides.", "helping in the absorption of groundwater.", "determining the type of clouds formed.", "changing water to a vapor." ]	D	ai2_arc	320
A student sets a block at the top of a wooden ramp. The student pushes the block. As the block slides down the ramp, it slows down and then comes to a stop. What force causes the block to slow down?	[ "the force of gravity", "the force of friction", "the force of magnetism", "the force of the student's push" ]	B	ai2_arc	321
Which of these explains how a trench can form?	[ "two oceanic plates converging", "two continental plates converging", "two continental plates diverging", "two oceanic plates diverging" ]	A	ai2_arc	322
Pepsin is an enzyme that acts in the stomach for protein digestion. Which of these is most likely the main role of pepsin in this metabolic reaction?	[ "to speed up the rate of reaction", "to reduce the loss of energy as heat", "to control the direction of the reaction", "to protect the reaction from other chemicals" ]	A	ai2_arc	323
Sodium chloride, commonly called "table salt," is made up of sodium and chlorine that have been combined chemically. Which term best describes sodium chloride?	[ "Acid", "Atom", "Element", "Compound" ]	D	ai2_arc	324
Katia was listening to music on the radio. In order for the sound to be produced, the electrical energy must be converted into which type of energy?	[ "thermal energy", "magnetic energy", "chemical energy", "mechanical energy" ]	D	ai2_arc	325
Studies of snail fossils in Egypt indicate that areas of Egypt that are now desert were once thriving savannahs approximately 130,000 years ago. What does the presence of these fossils indicate about the area of Egypt that was thriving 130,000 years ago?	[ "There was more humidity in the air.", "There were fewer nutrients in the soil.", "There was more snowfall in the region.", "There was less solar radiation in the region." ]	A	ai2_arc	326
Which statement identifies an energy source as renewable?	[ "Oil, because it is found underground.", "Wind, because it is always available.", "Water, because it is becoming scarce.", "Coal, because it was formed from plants." ]	B	ai2_arc	327
A wet towel will dry when it is left in the Sun. Which process occurs to make this happen?	[ "melting", "boiling", "condensation", "evaporation" ]	D	ai2_arc	328
Otto pushed a toy car across a floor. The car traveled fast across the wood, but it slowed to a stop on the carpet. Which best explains what happened when the car reached the carpet?	[ "Inertia decreased.", "Gravity increased.", "Friction increased.", "Magnetism decreased." ]	C	ai2_arc	329
Eye color is a physical trait. Which statement best explains why a child has a specific eye color?	[ "Eye color is a learned trait.", "Eye color is an inherited trait.", "Eye color is a trait that changes over time.", "Eye color is a trait that happens by chance." ]	B	ai2_arc	330
Manganese has an atomic number of 25 and an atomic mass of 55 amu. How many particles are found in its nucleus?	[ "25", "30", "55", "80" ]	C	ai2_arc	331
Students researched monkeys at a zoo. They recorded the monkeys' traits and behaviors. This investigation activity is best described as	[ "controlling.", "hypothesizing.", "observing.", "inferring." ]	C	ai2_arc	332
The fur of an arctic fox turns from brown to white as winter approaches. This is an example of	[ "camouflage", "hibernation", "migration", "movement" ]	A	ai2_arc	333
Which is an example of a chemical change?	[ "a rusting car fender", "a spinning top", "a spilled bucket of water", "a melting popsicle" ]	A	ai2_arc	334
Which statement is describing climate?	[ "It snowed 12 centimeters last night.", "Last winter was colder than normal.", "There is a thunderstorm watch for the local area.", "The temperature will be between 32°C and 37°C all week." ]	B	ai2_arc	335
Scientists have categorized trees based on whether they keep or lose their leaves each year. Another logical way to categorize trees is based on the	[ "types of nutrients needed to grow.", "amount of oxygen that is released into the air.", "color of leaves that are produced.", "type of fruit that is produced." ]	D	ai2_arc	336
Which habitat on Earth would probably 28 add the greatest amount of water to the water cycle through evaporation?	[ "cold lake", "desert sand", "warm ocean", "mountain rock" ]	C	ai2_arc	337
Which of these actions will change a sedimentary rock, such as limestone, into a metamorphic rock, such as marble?	[ "pressure from a glacier", "heat from magma", "erosion from flowing water", "radiation from the Sun" ]	B	ai2_arc	338
A loaf of bread is baking in a pan in a 350° F oven. What would cause a burn to a hand the quickest because of its low specific heat?	[ "the metal pan", "the air in the oven", "the surface of the bread", "the outside of the oven door" ]	A	ai2_arc	339
A student poured some sugar into a glass of water. After the water was stirred, no solid sugar remained in the glass. Which statement best describes what happened?	[ "The sugar reacted with water to form elements.", "The sugar reacted with water to form a mixture.", "The sugar dissolved in water to form a solution.", "The sugar dissolved in water to form compounds." ]	C	ai2_arc	340
The magnitude of the gravitational force between two planets depends on the	[ "speed the planets rotate.", "other nearby planets.", "volume of the planets.", "distance between the planets." ]	D	ai2_arc	341
The fossils that are found in the oldest layers of sedimentary rock were formed which types of organisms?	[ "only organisms that lived in the sea", "only organisms that lived on land", "only organisms that lived in the air", "organisms that lived on the land, in the sea and in the air" ]	A	ai2_arc	342
A snail's shell provides the snail with	[ "food.", "energy.", "protection.", "transportation." ]	C	ai2_arc	343
Since green plants make their own food, they are called	[ "predators", "prey", "decomposers", "producers" ]	D	ai2_arc	344
Which metalloid is used in solar cells and computer chips?	[ "silicon", "silver", "arsenic", "antimony" ]	A	ai2_arc	345
The best evidence that two land areas were once connected is the discovery that both land masses	[ "have the same climate.", "are in the same stage of succession.", "exist along the same line of longitude.", "have similar types of rocks and fossils." ]	D	ai2_arc	346
Rachel purchased a kit for making a skateboard ramp. Which of the following is most important to have for putting the ramp together?	[ "a picture showing the colors of different ramp parts", "a diagram showing some ways to use the ramp", "a list of prices for other available kits", "a set of instructions for the kit materials" ]	D	ai2_arc	347
What is the smallest particle of the element gold (Au) that can still be classified as gold?	[ "atom", "molecule", "neutron", "proton" ]	A	ai2_arc	348
Which best describes the function of the small intestine?	[ "oxygenation of tissue", "excretion of toxic wastes", "transportation of blood cells", "digestion and absorption of food" ]	D	ai2_arc	349
A forest is flooded when a natural dam breaks, leaving the forest floor under two meters of water. Which animal is most affected by the flooding?	[ "a crow", "a rabbit", "a squirrel", "a butterfly" ]	B	ai2_arc	350
Which object will most likely be attracted to a magnet?	[ "wooden block", "plastic cup", "metal nail", "glass bead" ]	C	ai2_arc	351
At what temperature does pure water boil?	[ "0°C", "32°C", "100°C", "212°C" ]	C	ai2_arc	352
Animals that eat both plant matter and meat are referred to as	[ "decomposers.", "scavengers.", "herbivores.", "omnivores." ]	D	ai2_arc	353
Corals are animals that live in tropical oceans. Fossils of corals are found in Ohio. What does the presence of coral fossils suggest about how the environment of Ohio has changed over time?	[ "Ohio was once covered by warm seas.", "A large glacier once passed over Ohio.", "The average rainfall in Ohio is now much more than it once was.", "The average temperature in Ohio is now much warmer than it." ]	A	ai2_arc	354
Alex looked at an electric toothbrush that had a plug with three metal prongs. Why are these prongs made out of metal?	[ "Metal doesn't get hot and melt when you plug it into the outlet.", "Metal is strong and is less likely to break when you plug it into the outlet.", "Metal is an insulator and prevents shocks when you plug it into the outlet.", "Metal is a conductor and completes a circuit when you plug it into the outlet." ]	D	ai2_arc	355
Where is an igneous rock such as pumice most likely formed?	[ "in a desert", "in a creek bed", "near a volcano", "under a glacier" ]	C	ai2_arc	356
Why are many telescopes used far from cities?	[ "The light from the cities makes it hard to see stars.", "The noise from the cities vibrates the telescopes.", "The power lines from the cities produce interference waves.", "The pollution from the cities reflects starlight." ]	A	ai2_arc	357
Where do plants get energy from to make food?	[ "air", "soil", "water", "sunlight" ]	D	ai2_arc	358
Which of the following is most likely to cause water to change from one state of matter to another state of matter?	[ "increased precipitation", "the weathering of rocks", "a decrease in wind speed", "a change in air temperature" ]	D	ai2_arc	359
When a soccer player kicks a ball, which two systems work directly with the muscular system?	[ "immune and excretory", "digestive and respiratory", "nervous and skeletal", "circulatory and integumentary" ]	C	ai2_arc	360
Which two activities are carried out by all species of living things?	[ "make food and eliminate waste", "hibernate and take in nutrients", "grow and reproduce", "migrate and seek shelter" ]	C	ai2_arc	361
Which best explains why a person infected with bacteria may have a fever?	[ "The body is responding to fight off the bacteria.", "The body is releasing waste material from the bacteria.", "The body is producing hormones to kill the infection.", "The body is reducing the blood supply to the infection site." ]	A	ai2_arc	362
Most of the concentration of which gas results from the activity of producer organisms?	[ "nitrogen", "oxygen", "water vapor", "carbon dioxide" ]	B	ai2_arc	363
What is determined by the speed that Earth rotates on its axis?	[ "the length of a day", "the energy that reaches a location", "the temperature of water in the ocean", "the number of seasons in a year" ]	A	ai2_arc	364
The spectrum of visible light can be seen in a rainbow because white light is	[ "reflected and transmitted.", "refracted and dispersed.", "absorbed and diffracted.", "produced and emitted." ]	B	ai2_arc	365
Kate sees a full moon. About how much time will go by before the next full moon?	[ "one week", "two weeks", "one month", "one year" ]	C	ai2_arc	366
The sediments found in a riverbed are most likely a result of which action on nearby rock?	[ "heat", "faulting", "pressure", "weathering" ]	D	ai2_arc	367
The most common way humans contribute to the extinction of organisms is by	[ "rotation of crops.", "use of fertilizers.", "destruction of habitat.", "introduction of competing species." ]	C	ai2_arc	368
Which of the following is an example of matter changing state?	[ "heating a pan of water until the water is all gone", "putting a soft-drink can in the refrigerator to cool it", "heating soup on the stove until it is hot to your tongue", "transferring sugar into a storage container" ]	A	ai2_arc	369
A car runs out of fuel while traveling on a level road and eventually comes to a stop. Which of the following best explains why the car stops?	[ "Some of the energy of the car was lost to friction.", "Some of the energy of the car was destroyed.", "The amount of kinetic energy increased.", "The amount of useful energy increased." ]	A	ai2_arc	370
Which of the following best represents one particular stage in a life cycle?	[ "a fish swimming", "a seed sprouting", "a leaf growing", "a dog eating" ]	B	ai2_arc	371
Which process of the water cycle transports water from plants to clouds?	[ "precipitation", "transpiration", "condensation", "sublimation" ]	B	ai2_arc	372
Sulfur scrubbers are devices installed in coal-fired power plants. Sulfur scrubbers reduce the emission of sulfur dioxide. What environmental problem are sulfur scrubbers most likely trying to address?	[ "ozone", "erosion", "acid rain", "nutrient runoff" ]	C	ai2_arc	373
Which system of the human body provides protection to most of the major organs?	[ "skeletal system", "circulatory system", "respiratory system", "muscular system" ]	A	ai2_arc	374
A scientist developed a model that described the actions of DNA in the cell nuclei, which helped explain how traits were inherited. Which scientist helped develop this model?	[ "Bohr", "Hooke", "Mendel", "Watson" ]	D	ai2_arc	375
Which item is designed to change electrical energy into heat energy?	[ "Alarm clock", "Hand dryer", "Fan", "Telephone" ]	B	ai2_arc	376
Which characteristic is the best example of an inherited trait?	[ "eye color", "an infection", "knowledge of soccer", "length of hair" ]	A	ai2_arc	377
Which correctly arranges three scientific terms-theory, law, and hypothesis-from least to most accepted or tested?	[ "theory, hypothesis, law", "hypothesis, law, theory", "theory, law, hypothesis", "hypothesis, theory, law" ]	D	ai2_arc	378
The metal lid on a glass jar is hard to open, so it is held under warm, running water. What causes the jar to open easily after it was held under the water?	[ "The water increased the pressure under the lid.", "The jar shrunk with the warm water.", "The water acted as a lubricant between the glass and the metal.", "The metal lid expanded under warm water." ]	D	ai2_arc	379
A dung beetle is an insect that gathers waste from animals, rolls it into a compact ball, lays eggs in it, and buries it in the soil. This gives the eggs a warm, safe place to hatch and provides a food source for the developing larvae. Which impact does the dung beetle most likely have on its ecosystem?	[ "It helps return nutrients to the soil.", "It makes animal waste harder to degrade.", "It causes an unhealthy accumulation of animal waste.", "It depletes nutrients from the soil to benefit its young." ]	A	ai2_arc	380
After playing outside on a cold day, Jaime went inside to wash his hands. Although the water was normal temperature, he noticed that it felt warmer than usual. What would explain this phenomenon?	[ "His body had more kinetic energy than the water.", "Heat flowed from a cooler substance to a warmer substance.", "The water from the faucet had a higher temperature than his skin.", "The thermal energy in the room was higher than the thermal energy outside." ]	C	ai2_arc	381
What is the relationship between tissues and organs?	[ "Organs are made from one type of tissue.", "Tissues are made from one type of organ.", "Tissues are made from different types of organs.", "Organs are made from different types of tissues." ]	D	ai2_arc	382
What will be the most likely result for some species of animals with the continued burning of rain forests in Africa?	[ "soil erosion", "destruction of their habitats", "improved nutrients in the soil", "more grasses as a result of burning" ]	B	ai2_arc	383
Earthworms live underground in the soil. As they move through the soil, they create tunnels. The tunnels help improve the soil. Plants grow better in soil that has earthworms. Which statement explains how earthworm tunnels help plants?	[ "Earthworm tunnels bring heat into the soil that warms plant roots.", "Earthworm tunnels loosen the soil so plant roots can easily grow", "Earthworm tunnels allow sunlight to reach the plant roots in the soil.", "Earthworm tunnels create places where insects can hide and protect plant roots." ]	B	ai2_arc	384
Which tools are best used to determine the speed of a turtle as it walks along a path?	[ "Meter stick and graduated cylinder", "Stopwatch and meter stick", "Balance and metric ruler", "Balance and stopwatch" ]	B	ai2_arc	385
Which tool would a student use to measure wind speed?	[ "compass", "barometer", "anemometer", "weather vane" ]	C	ai2_arc	386
Why would explorers use a compass when traveling to unknown lands?	[ "to locate a direction to travel", "to measure the quality of drinking water", "to protect themselves from wild animals", "to determine levels of humanity in tropical areas" ]	A	ai2_arc	387
Which measurement tool is used to find the volume of a small piece of granite?	[ "thermometer", "metric ruler", "graduated cylinder", "triple beam balance" ]	C	ai2_arc	388
What form of energy causes an ice cube to melt?	[ "mechanical", "magnetic", "sound", "heat" ]	D	ai2_arc	389
Which characteristic is most beneficial for an animal living on a snowy mountain?	[ "thick fur", "dark spots", "moist skin", "webbed feet" ]	A	ai2_arc	390
Which of the following is a property of CO2 gas?	[ "It feels like a rock.", "It smells like a lemon.", "It is colorless.", "It is hard." ]	C	ai2_arc	391
Which rapid changes can be caused by storms?	[ "landslides and flooding", "flooding and earthquakes", "landslides and volcanoes", "volcanoes and earthquakes" ]	A	ai2_arc	392
Which is an example of a chemical reaction?	[ "nails rusting", "glass melting", "sugar dissolving", "alcohol vaporizing" ]	A	ai2_arc	393
Which unit of measurement can be used to describe the length of a desk?	[ "centimeters", "grams", "liters", "degrees Celsius" ]	A	ai2_arc	394
The incompleteness of the fossil record results primarily from which phenomenon?	[ "the frequency and irregular timing of organism speciations", "the metamorphosis of most sedimentary rock by heat and pressure", "the geologically rapid cycling of crust material back into the mantle", "the rarity with which organic remains are exposed to fossil-forming conditions" ]	D	ai2_arc	395
A student conducts an investigation. In order to make a valid conclusion, she must	[ "have a testable hypothesis.", "place the data in a graph.", "use the best technology.", "test multiple variables." ]	A	ai2_arc	396
The bonding of oxygen to red blood cells is important to the body because it enables the body to	[ "absorb nutrients from food.", "make energy from light.", "maintain a constant temperature.", "perform aerobic respiration in cells." ]	D	ai2_arc	397
Some of Earth's water is stored underground in porous rock formations known as aquifers. Which of these could use up groundwater in aquifers?	[ "abundant rain in the Ozarks", "excessive pumping from wells", "dams on the lower Mississippi", "community water conservation" ]	B	ai2_arc	398
Which is the best tool to measure the angles of a triangular object?	[ "a meter stick", "a compass", "a protractor", "a spring scale" ]	C	ai2_arc	399

After nitrogen becomes part of the lithosphere, what is the next change that nitrogen will undergo?

[ "used as a nutrient by plants", "fixed by bacteria in the soil", "converted into oxygen", "absorbed into the atmosphere by lightning" ]

B

ai2_arc

300

Which of the following would be more likely to pollute a river?

[ "allowing beavers to build a dam", "spreading fertilizer near the river", "mowing the grass on the river bank", "fishing from a bridge over the river" ]

B

ai2_arc

301

For two organisms to be classified as the same species, they must produce offspring that are

[ "fertile.", "adaptable.", "alive at birth.", "identical to the parents." ]

A

ai2_arc

302

Which sentence best describes the organization of the heart?

[ "The heart is an organ made up of different types of tissues, each of which has different types of cells.", "The heart is a tissue made up of different types of organs, each of which has different types of cells.", "The heart is a system made up of one type of tissue and identical cells.", "The heart is a tissue made up of one type of organ and identical cells." ]

A

ai2_arc

303

Which stage in the reptile life cycle is most like the birth of a lion cub?

[ "hatching from an egg", "shedding the skin", "hunting for food", "finding a mate" ]

A

ai2_arc

304

What would be the best way to determine the role of squirrels in a forest ecosystem?

[ "measure the length and mass of several squirrels", "determine the genes that control squirrel traits", "make field observations of squirrels in their natural habitat", "read articles about the energy and nutrient requirements of squirrels" ]

C

ai2_arc

305

Which of the following systems breaks food into nutrients that can be used by the body?

[ "circulatory", "digestive", "respiratory", "reproductive" ]

B

ai2_arc

306

Barry collected four different rocks. The rock with the GREATEST mass will feel the ___.

[ "heaviest", "smoothest", "sharpest", "hardest" ]

A

ai2_arc

307

Which of the following is not an inherited trait of humans?

[ "eye color", "hair color", "favorite food", "height" ]

C

ai2_arc

308

When a person chews, saliva from the mouth mixes with starches in food. These starches begin to turn into sugars. Changing starches into sugars is best described as

[ "a phase change.", "a cellular change.", "a physical change.", "a chemical change." ]

D

ai2_arc

309

Which of these renewable resources results in an increase in pollution when used to produce energy?

[ "water", "wind", "biomass", "geothermal" ]

C

ai2_arc

310

Granite is an igneous rock. Which of these describes what usually happens to granite after it is weathered, broken into small particles, buried deep underground, and compacted?

[ "The granite becomes a new rock type.", "The granite forms an active volcano.", "The granite becomes part of a deep fault.", "The granite forms a tall mountain." ]

A

ai2_arc

311

The features below are all present on Earth. Which feature could also be found on the Moon?

[ "crater", "clouds", "electrical storms", "nitrogen based atmosphere" ]

A

ai2_arc

312

What is the highest temperature that water can reach in a pot on a stove?

[ "50°C", "90°C", "100°C", "212°C" ]

C

ai2_arc

313

In 2004 the Hubble space telescope captured images of distant star clusters, each containing about a million stars. These star clusters were most likely part of which structure?

[ "a black hole", "a galaxy", "a nebula", "a solar system" ]

B

ai2_arc

314

Where is most of the mass of the atom located?

[ "in the protons", "in the nucleus", "in the neutrons", "in the electrons" ]

B

ai2_arc

315

The BEST way to tell the DIFFERENCE between an oak and a maple tree is to compare the

[ "height of both trees.", "number of leaves on the trees.", "size of the root systems of the trees.", "shape of the leaves." ]

D

ai2_arc

316

Which example describes a learned behavior in a dog?

[ "smelling the air for odors", "barking when disturbed", "sitting on command", "digging in soil" ]

C

ai2_arc

317

In a lab investigation, a student notes that two metal blocks have the same mass. Based on this observation, if the two blocks were put on opposite sides of a balance, they would best represent

[ "balanced forces.", "unbalanced forces.", "equal and opposite reactions.", "objects in motion." ]

A

ai2_arc

318

A scientist was investigating why several fish caught from a local stream displayed similar mutations. He found that the water temperature of the stream was elevated since an industrial plant began discharging heated water into the stream. The scientist concluded that increased water temperature during the egg phase led to the mutation in the fish. According to this conclusion, the mutation was caused by

[ "an autoimmune disorder.", "a congenital defect.", "an environmental condition.", "an injury from a predator." ]

C

ai2_arc

319

Solar radiation has a part in the water cycle by

[ "affecting ocean tides.", "helping in the absorption of groundwater.", "determining the type of clouds formed.", "changing water to a vapor." ]

D

ai2_arc

320

A student sets a block at the top of a wooden ramp. The student pushes the block. As the block slides down the ramp, it slows down and then comes to a stop. What force causes the block to slow down?

[ "the force of gravity", "the force of friction", "the force of magnetism", "the force of the student's push" ]

B

ai2_arc

321

Which of these explains how a trench can form?

[ "two oceanic plates converging", "two continental plates converging", "two continental plates diverging", "two oceanic plates diverging" ]

A

ai2_arc

322

Pepsin is an enzyme that acts in the stomach for protein digestion. Which of these is most likely the main role of pepsin in this metabolic reaction?

[ "to speed up the rate of reaction", "to reduce the loss of energy as heat", "to control the direction of the reaction", "to protect the reaction from other chemicals" ]

A

ai2_arc

323

Sodium chloride, commonly called "table salt," is made up of sodium and chlorine that have been combined chemically. Which term best describes sodium chloride?

[ "Acid", "Atom", "Element", "Compound" ]

D

ai2_arc

324

Katia was listening to music on the radio. In order for the sound to be produced, the electrical energy must be converted into which type of energy?

[ "thermal energy", "magnetic energy", "chemical energy", "mechanical energy" ]

D

ai2_arc

325

Studies of snail fossils in Egypt indicate that areas of Egypt that are now desert were once thriving savannahs approximately 130,000 years ago. What does the presence of these fossils indicate about the area of Egypt that was thriving 130,000 years ago?

[ "There was more humidity in the air.", "There were fewer nutrients in the soil.", "There was more snowfall in the region.", "There was less solar radiation in the region." ]

A

ai2_arc

326

Which statement identifies an energy source as renewable?

[ "Oil, because it is found underground.", "Wind, because it is always available.", "Water, because it is becoming scarce.", "Coal, because it was formed from plants." ]

B

ai2_arc

327

A wet towel will dry when it is left in the Sun. Which process occurs to make this happen?

[ "melting", "boiling", "condensation", "evaporation" ]

D

ai2_arc

328

Otto pushed a toy car across a floor. The car traveled fast across the wood, but it slowed to a stop on the carpet. Which best explains what happened when the car reached the carpet?

[ "Inertia decreased.", "Gravity increased.", "Friction increased.", "Magnetism decreased." ]

C

ai2_arc

329

Eye color is a physical trait. Which statement best explains why a child has a specific eye color?

[ "Eye color is a learned trait.", "Eye color is an inherited trait.", "Eye color is a trait that changes over time.", "Eye color is a trait that happens by chance." ]

B

ai2_arc

330

Manganese has an atomic number of 25 and an atomic mass of 55 amu. How many particles are found in its nucleus?

[ "25", "30", "55", "80" ]

C

ai2_arc

331

Students researched monkeys at a zoo. They recorded the monkeys' traits and behaviors. This investigation activity is best described as

[ "controlling.", "hypothesizing.", "observing.", "inferring." ]

C

ai2_arc

332

The fur of an arctic fox turns from brown to white as winter approaches. This is an example of

[ "camouflage", "hibernation", "migration", "movement" ]

A

ai2_arc

333

Which is an example of a chemical change?

[ "a rusting car fender", "a spinning top", "a spilled bucket of water", "a melting popsicle" ]

A

ai2_arc

334

Which statement is describing climate?

[ "It snowed 12 centimeters last night.", "Last winter was colder than normal.", "There is a thunderstorm watch for the local area.", "The temperature will be between 32°C and 37°C all week." ]

B

ai2_arc

335

Scientists have categorized trees based on whether they keep or lose their leaves each year. Another logical way to categorize trees is based on the

[ "types of nutrients needed to grow.", "amount of oxygen that is released into the air.", "color of leaves that are produced.", "type of fruit that is produced." ]

D

ai2_arc

336

Which habitat on Earth would probably 28 add the greatest amount of water to the water cycle through evaporation?

[ "cold lake", "desert sand", "warm ocean", "mountain rock" ]

C

ai2_arc

337

Which of these actions will change a sedimentary rock, such as limestone, into a metamorphic rock, such as marble?

[ "pressure from a glacier", "heat from magma", "erosion from flowing water", "radiation from the Sun" ]

B

ai2_arc

338

A loaf of bread is baking in a pan in a 350° F oven. What would cause a burn to a hand the quickest because of its low specific heat?

[ "the metal pan", "the air in the oven", "the surface of the bread", "the outside of the oven door" ]

A

ai2_arc

339

A student poured some sugar into a glass of water. After the water was stirred, no solid sugar remained in the glass. Which statement best describes what happened?

[ "The sugar reacted with water to form elements.", "The sugar reacted with water to form a mixture.", "The sugar dissolved in water to form a solution.", "The sugar dissolved in water to form compounds." ]

C

ai2_arc

340

The magnitude of the gravitational force between two planets depends on the

[ "speed the planets rotate.", "other nearby planets.", "volume of the planets.", "distance between the planets." ]

D

ai2_arc

341

The fossils that are found in the oldest layers of sedimentary rock were formed which types of organisms?

[ "only organisms that lived in the sea", "only organisms that lived on land", "only organisms that lived in the air", "organisms that lived on the land, in the sea and in the air" ]

A

ai2_arc

342

A snail's shell provides the snail with

[ "food.", "energy.", "protection.", "transportation." ]

C

ai2_arc

343

Since green plants make their own food, they are called

[ "predators", "prey", "decomposers", "producers" ]

D

ai2_arc

344

Which metalloid is used in solar cells and computer chips?

[ "silicon", "silver", "arsenic", "antimony" ]

A

ai2_arc

345

The best evidence that two land areas were once connected is the discovery that both land masses

[ "have the same climate.", "are in the same stage of succession.", "exist along the same line of longitude.", "have similar types of rocks and fossils." ]

D

ai2_arc

346

Rachel purchased a kit for making a skateboard ramp. Which of the following is most important to have for putting the ramp together?

[ "a picture showing the colors of different ramp parts", "a diagram showing some ways to use the ramp", "a list of prices for other available kits", "a set of instructions for the kit materials" ]

D

ai2_arc

347

What is the smallest particle of the element gold (Au) that can still be classified as gold?

[ "atom", "molecule", "neutron", "proton" ]

A

ai2_arc

348

Which best describes the function of the small intestine?

[ "oxygenation of tissue", "excretion of toxic wastes", "transportation of blood cells", "digestion and absorption of food" ]

D

ai2_arc

349

A forest is flooded when a natural dam breaks, leaving the forest floor under two meters of water. Which animal is most affected by the flooding?

[ "a crow", "a rabbit", "a squirrel", "a butterfly" ]

B

ai2_arc

350

Which object will most likely be attracted to a magnet?

[ "wooden block", "plastic cup", "metal nail", "glass bead" ]

C

ai2_arc

351

At what temperature does pure water boil?

[ "0°C", "32°C", "100°C", "212°C" ]

C

ai2_arc

352

Animals that eat both plant matter and meat are referred to as

[ "decomposers.", "scavengers.", "herbivores.", "omnivores." ]

D

ai2_arc

353

Corals are animals that live in tropical oceans. Fossils of corals are found in Ohio. What does the presence of coral fossils suggest about how the environment of Ohio has changed over time?

[ "Ohio was once covered by warm seas.", "A large glacier once passed over Ohio.", "The average rainfall in Ohio is now much more than it once was.", "The average temperature in Ohio is now much warmer than it." ]

A

ai2_arc

354

Alex looked at an electric toothbrush that had a plug with three metal prongs. Why are these prongs made out of metal?

[ "Metal doesn't get hot and melt when you plug it into the outlet.", "Metal is strong and is less likely to break when you plug it into the outlet.", "Metal is an insulator and prevents shocks when you plug it into the outlet.", "Metal is a conductor and completes a circuit when you plug it into the outlet." ]

D

ai2_arc

355

Where is an igneous rock such as pumice most likely formed?

[ "in a desert", "in a creek bed", "near a volcano", "under a glacier" ]

C

ai2_arc

356

Why are many telescopes used far from cities?

[ "The light from the cities makes it hard to see stars.", "The noise from the cities vibrates the telescopes.", "The power lines from the cities produce interference waves.", "The pollution from the cities reflects starlight." ]

A

ai2_arc

357

Where do plants get energy from to make food?

[ "air", "soil", "water", "sunlight" ]

D

ai2_arc

358

Which of the following is most likely to cause water to change from one state of matter to another state of matter?

[ "increased precipitation", "the weathering of rocks", "a decrease in wind speed", "a change in air temperature" ]

D

ai2_arc

359

When a soccer player kicks a ball, which two systems work directly with the muscular system?

[ "immune and excretory", "digestive and respiratory", "nervous and skeletal", "circulatory and integumentary" ]

C

ai2_arc

360

Which two activities are carried out by all species of living things?

[ "make food and eliminate waste", "hibernate and take in nutrients", "grow and reproduce", "migrate and seek shelter" ]

C

ai2_arc

361

Which best explains why a person infected with bacteria may have a fever?

[ "The body is responding to fight off the bacteria.", "The body is releasing waste material from the bacteria.", "The body is producing hormones to kill the infection.", "The body is reducing the blood supply to the infection site." ]

A

ai2_arc

362

Most of the concentration of which gas results from the activity of producer organisms?

[ "nitrogen", "oxygen", "water vapor", "carbon dioxide" ]

B

ai2_arc

363

What is determined by the speed that Earth rotates on its axis?

[ "the length of a day", "the energy that reaches a location", "the temperature of water in the ocean", "the number of seasons in a year" ]

A

ai2_arc

364

The spectrum of visible light can be seen in a rainbow because white light is

[ "reflected and transmitted.", "refracted and dispersed.", "absorbed and diffracted.", "produced and emitted." ]

B

ai2_arc

365

Kate sees a full moon. About how much time will go by before the next full moon?

[ "one week", "two weeks", "one month", "one year" ]

C

ai2_arc

366

The sediments found in a riverbed are most likely a result of which action on nearby rock?

[ "heat", "faulting", "pressure", "weathering" ]

D

ai2_arc

367

The most common way humans contribute to the extinction of organisms is by

[ "rotation of crops.", "use of fertilizers.", "destruction of habitat.", "introduction of competing species." ]

C

ai2_arc

368

Which of the following is an example of matter changing state?

[ "heating a pan of water until the water is all gone", "putting a soft-drink can in the refrigerator to cool it", "heating soup on the stove until it is hot to your tongue", "transferring sugar into a storage container" ]

A

ai2_arc

369

A car runs out of fuel while traveling on a level road and eventually comes to a stop. Which of the following best explains why the car stops?

[ "Some of the energy of the car was lost to friction.", "Some of the energy of the car was destroyed.", "The amount of kinetic energy increased.", "The amount of useful energy increased." ]

A

ai2_arc

370

Which of the following best represents one particular stage in a life cycle?

[ "a fish swimming", "a seed sprouting", "a leaf growing", "a dog eating" ]

B

ai2_arc

371

Which process of the water cycle transports water from plants to clouds?

[ "precipitation", "transpiration", "condensation", "sublimation" ]

B

ai2_arc

372

Sulfur scrubbers are devices installed in coal-fired power plants. Sulfur scrubbers reduce the emission of sulfur dioxide. What environmental problem are sulfur scrubbers most likely trying to address?

[ "ozone", "erosion", "acid rain", "nutrient runoff" ]

C

ai2_arc

373

Which system of the human body provides protection to most of the major organs?

[ "skeletal system", "circulatory system", "respiratory system", "muscular system" ]

A

ai2_arc

374

A scientist developed a model that described the actions of DNA in the cell nuclei, which helped explain how traits were inherited. Which scientist helped develop this model?

[ "Bohr", "Hooke", "Mendel", "Watson" ]

D

ai2_arc

375

Which item is designed to change electrical energy into heat energy?

[ "Alarm clock", "Hand dryer", "Fan", "Telephone" ]

B

ai2_arc

376

Which characteristic is the best example of an inherited trait?

[ "eye color", "an infection", "knowledge of soccer", "length of hair" ]

A

ai2_arc

377

Which correctly arranges three scientific terms-theory, law, and hypothesis-from least to most accepted or tested?

[ "theory, hypothesis, law", "hypothesis, law, theory", "theory, law, hypothesis", "hypothesis, theory, law" ]

D

ai2_arc

378

The metal lid on a glass jar is hard to open, so it is held under warm, running water. What causes the jar to open easily after it was held under the water?

[ "The water increased the pressure under the lid.", "The jar shrunk with the warm water.", "The water acted as a lubricant between the glass and the metal.", "The metal lid expanded under warm water." ]

D

ai2_arc

379

A dung beetle is an insect that gathers waste from animals, rolls it into a compact ball, lays eggs in it, and buries it in the soil. This gives the eggs a warm, safe place to hatch and provides a food source for the developing larvae. Which impact does the dung beetle most likely have on its ecosystem?

[ "It helps return nutrients to the soil.", "It makes animal waste harder to degrade.", "It causes an unhealthy accumulation of animal waste.", "It depletes nutrients from the soil to benefit its young." ]

A

ai2_arc

380

After playing outside on a cold day, Jaime went inside to wash his hands. Although the water was normal temperature, he noticed that it felt warmer than usual. What would explain this phenomenon?

[ "His body had more kinetic energy than the water.", "Heat flowed from a cooler substance to a warmer substance.", "The water from the faucet had a higher temperature than his skin.", "The thermal energy in the room was higher than the thermal energy outside." ]

C

ai2_arc

381

What is the relationship between tissues and organs?

[ "Organs are made from one type of tissue.", "Tissues are made from one type of organ.", "Tissues are made from different types of organs.", "Organs are made from different types of tissues." ]

D

ai2_arc

382

What will be the most likely result for some species of animals with the continued burning of rain forests in Africa?

[ "soil erosion", "destruction of their habitats", "improved nutrients in the soil", "more grasses as a result of burning" ]

B

ai2_arc

383

Earthworms live underground in the soil. As they move through the soil, they create tunnels. The tunnels help improve the soil. Plants grow better in soil that has earthworms. Which statement explains how earthworm tunnels help plants?

[ "Earthworm tunnels bring heat into the soil that warms plant roots.", "Earthworm tunnels loosen the soil so plant roots can easily grow", "Earthworm tunnels allow sunlight to reach the plant roots in the soil.", "Earthworm tunnels create places where insects can hide and protect plant roots." ]

B

ai2_arc

384

Which tools are best used to determine the speed of a turtle as it walks along a path?

[ "Meter stick and graduated cylinder", "Stopwatch and meter stick", "Balance and metric ruler", "Balance and stopwatch" ]

B

ai2_arc

385

Which tool would a student use to measure wind speed?

[ "compass", "barometer", "anemometer", "weather vane" ]

C

ai2_arc

386

Why would explorers use a compass when traveling to unknown lands?

[ "to locate a direction to travel", "to measure the quality of drinking water", "to protect themselves from wild animals", "to determine levels of humanity in tropical areas" ]

A

ai2_arc

387

Which measurement tool is used to find the volume of a small piece of granite?

[ "thermometer", "metric ruler", "graduated cylinder", "triple beam balance" ]

C

ai2_arc

388

What form of energy causes an ice cube to melt?

[ "mechanical", "magnetic", "sound", "heat" ]

D

ai2_arc

389

Which characteristic is most beneficial for an animal living on a snowy mountain?

[ "thick fur", "dark spots", "moist skin", "webbed feet" ]

A

ai2_arc

390

Which of the following is a property of CO2 gas?

[ "It feels like a rock.", "It smells like a lemon.", "It is colorless.", "It is hard." ]

C

ai2_arc

391

Which rapid changes can be caused by storms?

[ "landslides and flooding", "flooding and earthquakes", "landslides and volcanoes", "volcanoes and earthquakes" ]

A

ai2_arc

392

Which is an example of a chemical reaction?

[ "nails rusting", "glass melting", "sugar dissolving", "alcohol vaporizing" ]

A

ai2_arc

393

Which unit of measurement can be used to describe the length of a desk?

[ "centimeters", "grams", "liters", "degrees Celsius" ]

A

ai2_arc

394

The incompleteness of the fossil record results primarily from which phenomenon?

[ "the frequency and irregular timing of organism speciations", "the metamorphosis of most sedimentary rock by heat and pressure", "the geologically rapid cycling of crust material back into the mantle", "the rarity with which organic remains are exposed to fossil-forming conditions" ]

D

ai2_arc

395

A student conducts an investigation. In order to make a valid conclusion, she must

[ "have a testable hypothesis.", "place the data in a graph.", "use the best technology.", "test multiple variables." ]

A

ai2_arc

396

The bonding of oxygen to red blood cells is important to the body because it enables the body to

[ "absorb nutrients from food.", "make energy from light.", "maintain a constant temperature.", "perform aerobic respiration in cells." ]

D

ai2_arc

397

Some of Earth's water is stored underground in porous rock formations known as aquifers. Which of these could use up groundwater in aquifers?

[ "abundant rain in the Ozarks", "excessive pumping from wells", "dams on the lower Mississippi", "community water conservation" ]

B

ai2_arc

398

Which is the best tool to measure the angles of a triangular object?

[ "a meter stick", "a compass", "a protractor", "a spring scale" ]

C

ai2_arc

399