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How do the spines of a cactus help it survive?
[ "Spines help the cactus get moisture.", "Spines anchor the cactus in the ground.", "Spines protect the cactus from animals.", "Spines support the stems and branches of the cactus." ]
C
ai2_arc
500
Water enters a plant cell through the
[ "cell wall.", "chloroplasts.", "mitochondria.", "nucleus." ]
A
ai2_arc
501
People are developing electric cars that would replace gasoline-burning cars. One major advantage of the electric car is that it
[ "accelerates faster.", "causes less pollution.", "gives a smoother ride.", "needs no battery." ]
B
ai2_arc
502
Which group of organisms would all be found living in a tropical rain forest?
[ "Lizards, insects, cacti, kangaroos", "Vines, palm trees, tree frogs, monkeys", "Evergreens, moose, weasels, mink", "Lichens, mosses, caribou, polar bears" ]
B
ai2_arc
503
Which SI unit would be most appropriate for recording the length of a typical classroom?
[ "gram", "kilogram", "meter", "kilometer" ]
C
ai2_arc
504
If two objects are two meters apart, which of these changes will increase the gravitational force between the two objects?
[ "decreasing the mass of one object", "decreasing the mass of both objects", "moving the objects to one meter apart", "moving the objects to three meters apart" ]
C
ai2_arc
505
Which of these cell structures converts nutrients to energy for cell functions?
[ "cell membrane", "chloroplasts", "mitochondria", "endoplasmic reticulum" ]
C
ai2_arc
506
Cumulonimbus clouds often form along cold fronts. Which type of weather is most likely to occur along a cold front?
[ "moderate temperature with mild breezes", "storms with hurricane winds", "rain with possible severe thunderstorms", "high temperatures with low winds" ]
C
ai2_arc
507
An eagle is a bird that reproduces by laying its eggs in a dry nest. Which animal lays its eggs in a place most similar to the eagle?
[ "amphibian", "fish", "mammal", "reptile" ]
D
ai2_arc
508
The chemical formula for water is H_{2}O. What does the formula show about each element in the compound?
[ "the number of valence electrons", "the charge of the compound", "the mass of protons in each atom", "the number of atoms of each element" ]
D
ai2_arc
509
How far from Earth is an object that is 10 light years from Earth?
[ "10,000 km", "10,000,000 km", "the distance light can travel in 10 years", "ten times the distance from Earth to the Sun" ]
C
ai2_arc
510
The oceans most influence global climate by
[ "releasing heat to the atmosphere.", "cooling bordering land masses.", "providing continuous onshore winds.", "removing water vapor from the atmosphere." ]
A
ai2_arc
511
A science class investigated the percentage of corn kernels that pop in bags of different brands of popcorn. Fifteen students tested three brands of popcorn each and reported their results to the class. Why did the teacher most likely have so many students report the results?
[ "for more accurate results", "for more student participation", "to help simplify the procedure", "to help explain the hypothesis" ]
A
ai2_arc
512
The smallest part of an element that retains the properties of the element is the
[ "proton.", "nucleus.", "electron.", "atom." ]
D
ai2_arc
513
What is the composition of the nucleus of an atom?
[ "ions and electrons", "electrons and protons", "protons and neutrons", "neutrons and electrons" ]
C
ai2_arc
514
Which of these would best be shown as a 3-D model?
[ "color spectrum", "magnetic field", "skeletal system", "water cycle" ]
C
ai2_arc
515
A root emerges from a seed because of the force of
[ "water against the seed coat.", "air pushing on the seed.", "gravity on the seed.", "soil pressing on the seed." ]
A
ai2_arc
516
Which of these is the BEST reason to study weather?
[ "To be prepared for storms", "To learn how fossils are formed", "To see changing phases of the Moon", "To find ways for animals to live longer" ]
A
ai2_arc
517
A recycling plant manager needs to melt 1500 kg of scrap copper to sell to a wire manufacturer. The copper is at 15°C and its melting point is 1083°C. The copper has a specific heat of 385 J/kg x K. How much heat is required to raise the temperature of the copper to its melting point?
[ "6.2 x 10^8 J", "6.3 x 10^8 J", "7.7 x 10^8 J", "7.9 x 10^8 J" ]
A
ai2_arc
518
A decomposer is an organism that
[ "preys on other animals", "eats only plants", "recycles nutrients", "uses sunlight to make food" ]
C
ai2_arc
519
Which type of scientist would study the relationship between simple machines and energy?
[ "chemist", "biologist", "physicist", "geologist" ]
C
ai2_arc
520
The seeds of an oak come from the ___.
[ "fruit", "leaf", "root", "stem" ]
A
ai2_arc
521
A manufacturer wants to produce a container for food storage that does not break easily and is airtight, inexpensive, and microwave-safe. Which of the following is the best material to use to make the container?
[ "glass", "metal", "paper", "plastic" ]
D
ai2_arc
522
Juvenile diabetes is a disease caused by the body's inability to create insulin. The body's white blood cells attack the pancreatic cells that produce insulin. This type of disease is known as
[ "a cardiovascular disease.", "an infectious disease.", "a digestive system disease.", "an autoimmune disease." ]
D
ai2_arc
523
Which of these describes a property of all matter?
[ "All matter gives off light.", "All matter is attracted by magnets.", "All matter is made of atoms.", "All matter dissolves in water." ]
C
ai2_arc
524
Which of the following is a characteristic of all chemical changes?
[ "A different state of matter is produced.", "Some mass is converted to energy.", "Some form of light is given off.", "A new material is formed." ]
D
ai2_arc
525
What is the complementary base of adenine in DNA?
[ "cytosine", "thymine", "guanine", "uracil" ]
B
ai2_arc
526
What is the density of a 64-g iron cube that displaces 8 mL of water?
[ "512 g/mL", "32 g/mL", "8 g/mL", "4 g/mL" ]
C
ai2_arc
527
What keeps Mars in orbit around the Sun?
[ "friction", "gravity", "magnetism", "solar power" ]
B
ai2_arc
528
How do plants most commonly break large rocks into smaller pieces?
[ "Plant leaves insulate surrounding rocks from extreme temperatures.", "Plant roots grow into cracks in rocks.", "Seeds from plants fall onto rocks and release acidic compounds.", "Stems of plants surround and squeeze rocks." ]
B
ai2_arc
529
Which statement best describes the climate of Nevada?
[ "Temperature at night dropped behind a cold front.", "Wind increased during the day.", "Humidity is low throughout every summer.", "Air pressure increased gradually all week." ]
C
ai2_arc
530
What is the primary function of skin cells?
[ "to deliver messages to the brain", "to generate movement of muscles", "to provide a physical barrier to the body", "to produce carbohydrates for energy" ]
C
ai2_arc
531
Some plants grow only in specific places in the world. Some cacti, for example, grow only in deserts. Which of the following is most important in determining where a plant can grow and survive?
[ "animals", "climate", "tides", "wind" ]
B
ai2_arc
532
A geologist found fossils of horse bones in different rock layers of a canyon. The fossils in the lower levels show shorter bones than those in the upper-level fossils. Which conclusion is based on the geologist's observations?
[ "Horse's reproduce using two parents.", "Horse's became larger over time.", "Smaller Horse's went extinct, and then larger Horse's formed.", "Smaller Horse's are better suited to the environment than larger Horse's." ]
B
ai2_arc
533
Which of the following is a reason life in the outermost planets is less likely than life on planets nearer the Sun?
[ "They have too little mass.", "They have too much mass.", "Their surfaces are extremely hot.", "Their surfaces are extremely cold." ]
D
ai2_arc
534
Which statement best explains how periods on the periodic table are organized?
[ "increasing atomic number from left to right", "increasing number of neutrons from left to right", "decreasing number of electrons from left to right", "decreasing atomic mass number from left to right" ]
A
ai2_arc
535
Nonrenewable sources of energy have limited supplies. Researchers are developing devices that will make renewable energy more available. Which is a source of renewable energy?
[ "coal", "gasoline", "oil", "wind" ]
D
ai2_arc
536
Which of these living things in a grassland ecosystem depend on the presence of a variety of bacteria and other microorganisms in the soil?
[ "worms only", "green plants only", "plants and animals only", "all the organisms in the ecosystem" ]
D
ai2_arc
537
An ecosystem is a community of organisms interacting with their physical environment. Why are decomposers an important part of ecosystems?
[ "They break down dead organisms to return nutrients to the soil.", "They produce their own food for survival.", "They play a role in preventing weathering and erosion.", "They provide most of the energy to consumers." ]
A
ai2_arc
538
Which of these statements is not considered part of the Big Bang Theory?
[ "The universe is expanding.", "The universe never changes.", "The universe began in a hot, dense state.", "The universe began at a single point and time." ]
B
ai2_arc
539
Cells in the body use oxygen (O2) for cellular respiration. Which is the result of cellular respiration?
[ "ATP is produced and carbon dioxide (CO2) is released.", "ATP is consumed and carbon dioxide (CO2) is released.", "ATP is produced and carbon dioxide (CO2) is absorbed.", "ATP is consumed and carbon dioxide (CO2) is absorbed." ]
A
ai2_arc
540
Which geologic process is absent from the Gulf Coast states?
[ "beach development", "subduction zones", "weathering", "erosion" ]
B
ai2_arc
541
The human body gets the energy it needs for growth and repair directly from
[ "soil", "food", "sunlight", "water" ]
B
ai2_arc
542
In what type of rock would a geologist most likely find evidence of ancient life?
[ "sedimentary", "foliated", "metamorphic", "volcanic" ]
A
ai2_arc
543
During the Apollo 14 moon landing, astronauts played golf on the moon. Which of the following would be less on the moon than on Earth?
[ "The mass of the golf ball", "The weight of the golf ball", "The mass and size of the golf ball", "The weight and size of the golf ball" ]
B
ai2_arc
544
Evaporation, condensation, and precipitation are all processes which occur in the
[ "water cycle.", "energy cycle.", "carbon cycle.", "nitrogen cycle." ]
A
ai2_arc
545
Directions Read the information about wind erosion then answer the question. Wind can cause erosion that changes the surface of the Earth. Wind erosion can have negative effects on the environment by removing soil and polluting the air during dust storms. Walter wanted to find out if faster wind speeds increased the am...
[ "anemometer", "barometer", "rain gauge", "thermometer" ]
A
ai2_arc
546
Where does oxygen-rich blood go after leaving the lungs?
[ "the brain.", "the heart.", "the kidney.", "the stomach." ]
B
ai2_arc
547
Chemical pesticides are sometimes sprayed on crops to kill insects that eat the crops. People have different viewpoints about the use of pesticides on crops. What might be a concern about using pesticides on the crops?
[ "Will the food ripen?", "Will the food stay fresh?", "Will the food harm humans?", "Will the food harm bugs in the home?" ]
C
ai2_arc
548
The number of fish in a lake suddenly increases. How will the increase most likely affect the lake?
[ "There will be less water in the lake.", "More plants will grow in the lake.", "More frogs will live in the lake.", "There will be fewer insects in the lake." ]
D
ai2_arc
549
Which statement correctly describes a relationship between two human body systems?
[ "The digestive system absorbs nutrients which are transported by the nervous system.", "The digestive system absorbs nutrients which are transported by the circulatory system.", "The circulatory system exchanges gases which are transported by the nervous system.", "The circulatory system exchanges gases which...
B
ai2_arc
550
Which statement best explains Earth's day and night cycle?
[ "Earth rotates once each day on its axis.", "Earth revolves around the Sun each year.", "The Sun is closest to Earth during the day.", "The tilt of Earth changes throughout the year." ]
A
ai2_arc
551
What is the first thing a student should do if an accident happens during a science experiment?
[ "report to the teacher", "clean the laboratory station", "locate the nearest exit", "put on safety goggles" ]
A
ai2_arc
552
Which of the following helps keep the Moon in its orbit?
[ "friction", "gravity", "longitude", "latitude" ]
B
ai2_arc
553
Which process allows green plants to control the amount of water stored in their leaves?
[ "photosynthesis", "condensation", "respiration", "transpiration" ]
D
ai2_arc
554
What is a job of white blood cells?
[ "transport oxygen", "remove waste", "fight disease", "enable reproduction" ]
C
ai2_arc
555
Which is an example of kinetic energy?
[ "a book sitting on a shelf", "a ball rolling down a hill", "a runner about to start a race", "a window getting hot from the sun" ]
B
ai2_arc
556
A new mutation that occurs in which type of cell can be passed on to offspring?
[ "blood cell", "nerve cell", "brain cell", "egg cell" ]
D
ai2_arc
557
When too much salt is detected in the bloodstream, the brain secretes a hormone that helps the body retain water by reducing the amount of urine produced. This is an example of
[ "a feedback loop.", "an acquired trait.", "a balanced ecosystem.", "a symbiotic relationship." ]
A
ai2_arc
558
Which of these is a safe practice in a laboratory investigation when working with chemicals?
[ "pouring unused chemicals down the sink", "mixing leftover chemicals in one container", "wearing safety goggles when working with chemicals", "returning unused chemicals to the original container" ]
C
ai2_arc
559
Which change in the environment would have a negative effect on the survival of a species in an ecosystem?
[ "increase in the population of prey", "introduction of a competing species", "decrease in the population of predators", "increase in genetic diversity of the species" ]
B
ai2_arc
560
An element is identified by
[ "its number of protons.", "the atomic mass.", "the type of charge.", "its number of isotopes." ]
A
ai2_arc
561
Which of these dissolve in water?
[ "Sand grains", "Sugar cubes", "Plastic straws", "Wooden spoons" ]
B
ai2_arc
562
What is the main function of a plant stem?
[ "to collect pollen from other plants to make seeds", "to absorb water and plant nutrients from the soil", "to carry food and water to the rest of the plant", "to make food for the plant" ]
C
ai2_arc
563
As a sample of water turns to ice,
[ "new molecules are formed.", "the mass of the sample is increased.", "the arrangement of the molecules changes.", "energy is absorbed by the molecules." ]
C
ai2_arc
564
An ice cube is placed in a pan. The pan is placed over an open flame. Which change will most likely happen over time?
[ "The ice changes to a liquid and back to a solid.", "The ice changes to a liquid then to a gas.", "The ice changes to a gas and back to a solid.", "The ice changes to a gas then to a liquid." ]
B
ai2_arc
565
Byron is investigating how temperature affects mold growth on bread. Before starting his procedure, Byron states in his journal that he thinks wet bread placed in the refrigerator will grow the most mold. Which term best describes Byron's statement?
[ "conclusion", "result", "hypothesis", "variable" ]
C
ai2_arc
566
The telephone was invented in Boston by
[ "Alexander Graham Bell.", "Samuel F. B. Morse.", "Henry Ford.", "Thomas Alva Edison." ]
A
ai2_arc
567
Which characteristic can an amoeba change that a paramecium cannot change?
[ "sex", "shape", "color", "position" ]
B
ai2_arc
568
A metal spoon was left in a pot of boiling soup. The cook burned a finger by touching the spoon. Why did the finger get burned?
[ "The metal spoon chemically reacted with the cook's hand.", "The metal spoon conducted electricity to the cook's hand.", "The metal spoon conducted heat to the cook's hand.", "The metal spoon insulated the cook's hand." ]
C
ai2_arc
569
Light rays are focused by the lens of a camera through the process of
[ "reflection.", "refraction.", "dispersion.", "diffraction." ]
B
ai2_arc
570
Which of these provides the best evidence that the distribution of Earth's oceans has changed over time?
[ "hot spots on ocean floors", "seismic activity along plate boundaries", "sediment buildup on continental slope", "marine fossils found on land masses" ]
D
ai2_arc
571
Which change would have the greatest negative impact on the survival of an owl species?
[ "an increase in primary consumer population", "an decrease in acid rain", "an decrease in size of habitat", "an increase in producers" ]
C
ai2_arc
572
Which organ removes cell waste from the blood?
[ "the large intestine", "the small intestine", "the kidney", "the heart" ]
C
ai2_arc
573
According to the Big Bang Theory, how is the universe changing?
[ "It is contracting.", "It is expanding.", "Only the rim is expanding.", "Only the center is contracting." ]
B
ai2_arc
574
Light enters the human eye through the
[ "retina.", "pupil.", "iris.", "lens." ]
B
ai2_arc
575
The stages in the life cycle of an organism are shown below. birth -> growth -> development -> reproduction -> death In which life cycle stage will a new organism be made?
[ "growth", "development", "reproduction", "death" ]
C
ai2_arc
576
Baby chicks peck their way out of their shells when they hatch. This activity is an example of which of the following types of behavior?
[ "instinctive", "learned", "planned", "social" ]
A
ai2_arc
577
Which conclusion can be made about earthworms because they do not have an internal skeleton?
[ "They are invertebrates.", "They have radial symmetry.", "They are made of one segment.", "They have an open circulatory system." ]
A
ai2_arc
578
The smallest unit of a plant that can perform all of the processes of life is the
[ "leaf.", "cell.", "tissue.", "root." ]
B
ai2_arc
579
Soda water is a liquid that has bubbles of carbon dioxide in it. Which term best describes soda water?
[ "a mixture", "a molecule", "an element", "a compound" ]
A
ai2_arc
580
All stars start forming in the same manner. Some follow the life cycle of the Sun, while others turn into neutron stars or black holes. Which property determines the fate of a star as it develops?
[ "mass", "location", "luminosity", "temperature" ]
A
ai2_arc
581
If a neutral atom loses an electron, what is formed?
[ "A gas", "An ion", "An acid", "A molecule" ]
B
ai2_arc
582
A student mixed baking soda with vinegar and observed that the reaction was endothermic. When is a reaction endothermic?
[ "when it is reversible", "when it can be repeated", "when it requires heat to make it happen", "when energy is released by the process" ]
C
ai2_arc
583
What is the primary energy source that drives all weather events, including precipitation, hurricanes, and tornados?
[ "the Sun", "the Moon", "Earth's gravity", "Earth's rotation" ]
A
ai2_arc
584
Which system absorbs and carries food from the digestive system to the rest of the body?
[ "nervous system", "muscular system", "circulatory system", "respiratory system" ]
C
ai2_arc
585
Why do planets stay in orbit around the Sun?
[ "attraction of gravity", "effect of inertia", "frictional force", "rotational force" ]
A
ai2_arc
586
Earth rotates on its north-south axis. Which statement best describes one complete rotation?
[ "It takes six months and causes summer and winter seasons.", "It takes 24 hours and causes night and day.", "It takes 29 days, which represents one cycle of the Moon's phases.", "It takes 365 days, which represents one Earth year." ]
B
ai2_arc
587
A rock sample will most likely contain
[ "plants.", "minerals.", "water.", "wood." ]
B
ai2_arc
588
A jet plane is moving at a constant velocity on a flat surface. Which forces act against the forward motion of the plane?
[ "gravity and engine thrust", "engine thrust and friction", "friction and air resistance", "air resistance and gravity" ]
C
ai2_arc
589
Atmospheric greenhouse gases help heat the atmosphere by
[ "increasing the amount of solar radiation reaching Earth.", "storing energy produced by human activity.", "absorbing infrared radiation released by Earth.", "increasing the average density of air." ]
C
ai2_arc
590
Runoff from farms that use fertilizers is entering a small lake. This will most directly affect the lake by causing
[ "the lake to dry up.", "algae to grow in the lake.", "the lake to become deeper.", "water in the lake to become solid." ]
B
ai2_arc
591
Why is protein an important part of a healthy diet?
[ "It is needed to change glucose to energy.", "It is needed to store nutrients.", "It is needed to repair tissue.", "It is needed to produce water." ]
C
ai2_arc
592
An atom will always have
[ "a single, negatively-charged nucleus.", "equal numbers of protons and electrons.", "\"shared\" electrons from another atom.", "a stable number of charged neutrons." ]
B
ai2_arc
593
Students on two different school campuses are comparing the growth rate of grass three weeks after fertilizer has been applied. The same fertilizer and the same amount of water are used on both campuses. Which additional variable is most important to control when the results of the two investigations are compared?
[ "type of grass used", "amount of trees in the area", "the weather conditions of the day", "the time of day the measurements are taken" ]
A
ai2_arc
594
A caterpillar changing into a butterfly is an example of
[ "instinct.", "duplication.", "reproduction.", "metamorphosis." ]
D
ai2_arc
595
Some immune cells are actively involved in ingesting, destroying, and presenting invading microbial antigens on their surface to stimulate other cells to produce antibodies. Which of these cells is responsible for initiating such an immune response?
[ "mast cells", "phagocytes", "B-lymphocytes", "T-lymphocytes" ]
B
ai2_arc
596
A single prokaryotic cell can divide several times in an hour. Few eukaryotic cells can divide as quickly. Which of the following statements best explains this difference?
[ "Eukaryotic cells are smaller than prokaryotic cells.", "Eukaryotic cells have less DNA than prokaryotic cells.", "Eukaryotic cells have more cell walls than prokaryotic cells.", "Eukaryotic cells are more structurally complex than prokaryotic cells." ]
D
ai2_arc
597
Which biological process determines the probability that particular alleles will be found in any given gamete?
[ "mutation", "meiosis", "cell cycle", "protein synthesis" ]
B
ai2_arc
598
When a person speaks into a telephone, sound energy is changed mostly into which form of energy?
[ "heat", "light", "electrical", "chemical" ]
C
ai2_arc
599