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Gauss–Newton algorithm
Another method for solving minimization problems using only first derivatives is gradient descent. However, this method does not take into account the second derivatives even approximately. Consequently, it is highly inefficient for many functions, especially if the parameters have strong interactions. Notes References...
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Functional cloning
The method of screening the prepared genomic or cDNA libraries for the gene of interest is highly variable depending on the experimental design and biological question. One method of screening is to probe colonies via Southern blotting with degenerate oligonucleotides prepared from the amino acid sequence of the query ...
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Linux Software Map
Example Here is a what a blank LSM template looks like, at time of writing: Begin4 Title: Version: Entered-date: Description: Keywords: Author: Maintained-by: Primary-site: Alternate-site: Original-site: Platforms: Copying-policy: End Database The collective database of LSM entries can be searched in ord...
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Ellie Mathews
Short fiction, poetry, & anthologies "Rosary," anthology selection, Floating Bridge Press, 2006 "Maintenance Issues," Tidepools Literary Magazine, 2005 "Riding Midnight," Cicada, July, 2004 "High Wire," Peoples Publishing, Language Arts Series 2003 "Face Value," Cicada, March, 2002 "Fences," Cicada, July 2001 "Saying G...
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Algorithmic skeleton
P3L, SkIE, SKElib P3L (Pisa Parallel Programming Language) is a skeleton based coordination language. P3L provides skeleton constructs which are used to coordinate the parallel or sequential execution of C code. A compiler named Anacleto is provided for the language. Anacleto uses implementation templates to compile P3...
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Lisp (programming language)
Scheme is a statically scoped and properly tail-recursive dialect of the Lisp programming language invented by Guy L. Steele, Jr. and Gerald Jay Sussman. It was designed to have exceptionally clear and simple semantics and few different ways to form expressions. Designed about a decade earlier than Common Lisp, Scheme...
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Empress Embedded Database
Kernel API SQL API Fast Bulk Data Handling (BLOBs) Bulk Chunks Unlimited Attributes File Indices Persistent Stored Modules Triggers Stored Procedures No Pre-Partitioning required Referential Constraints Range Checks Micro-Second Time Stamps Layered Architecture Text Search Index Spatial Search Index Can...
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Biological small-angle scattering
Freely available SAS analysis computer programs have been intensively developed at EMBL. In the first general ab initio approach, an angular envelope function of the particle r=F(ω), where (r,ω) are spherical coordinates, is described by a series of spherical harmonics. The low resolution shape is thus defined by a few...
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Service-oriented programming
Multi-core Processor Architecture: due to heat dissipation issues with increasing processor clock speeds beyond 4 GHz, the leading processor vendors such as Intel have turned to multi-core architecture to deliver ever increasing performance. Refer to the article "The Free Lunch Is Over" This change in design forces a...
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European VLBI Network
EXPReS's objectives are to connect up to 16 of the world's most sensitive radio telescopes on six continents to the central data processor of the European VLBI Network at the Joint Institute for VLBI ERIC (JIVE). Specific activities involve securing "last-mile connections" and upgrading existing connections to the tele...
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Information-based complexity
Information-based complexity (IBC) studies optimal algorithms and computational complexity for the continuous problems that arise in physical science, economics, engineering, and mathematical finance. IBC has studied such continuous problems as path integration, partial differential equations, systems of ordinary diffe...
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Twisted: The Distorted Mathematics of Greenhouse Denial
Twisted: The Distorted Mathematics of Greenhouse Denial is a 2007 book by Ian G. Enting, who is the Professorial Research Fellow in the ARC Centre of Excellence for Mathematics and Statistics of Complex Systems (MASCOS) based at the University of Melbourne. The book analyses the arguments of climate change deniers and ...
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Maximum parsimony (phylogenetics)
Another complication with maximum parsimony, and other optimaltiy-criterion based phylogenetic methods, is that finding the shortest tree is an NP-hard problem. The only currently available, efficient way of obtaining a solution, given an arbitrarily large set of taxa, is by using heuristic methods which do not guarant...
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Gompertz function
where is the rate of growth k is an arbitrary constant. Example uses Examples of uses for Gompertz curves include: Mobile phone uptake, where costs were initially high (so uptake was slow), followed by a period of rapid growth, followed by a slowing of uptake as saturation was reached Population in a confined spac...
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Forward algorithm
Example This example from Roger Boyle's HMM tutorial on observing possible states of weather from the observed condition of seaweed. We have observations of seaweed for three consecutive days as dry, damp, and soggy in order. The possible states of weather can be sunny, cloudy, or rainy. In total, there can be such we...
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Energy filtered transmission electron microscopy
Improved elemental maps can be obtained by taking a series of images, allowing quantitative analysis and improved accuracy of mapping where more than one element is involved. By taking a series of images, it is also possible to extract the EELS profile from particular features. See also Transmission electron microscopy...
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Public ecology
Knowledge bases, roles of experts, and state and local power dynamics are changing in ways that impel us to learn new ways of coexisting. A more public ecology could take many forms and exist in many forums, some of which are currently being explored through theory and practice. Adaptive Management, citizen science (...
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Combinatorial chemistry
Introduction Synthesis of molecules in a combinatorial fashion can quickly lead to large numbers of molecules. For example, a molecule with three points of diversity (R1, R2, and R3) can generate possible structures, where , , and are the numbers of different substituents utilized. The basic principle of combinatori...
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International Max Planck Research School for Molecular and Cellular Life Sciences
Currently, more than 250 doctoral students from all over the world are working at the Max Planck Institutes of Biochemistry and Neurobiology, together with numerous doctoral students from close by university laboratories. Amongst other activities, graduate students organize a regular social get together, a seminar seri...
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Cooley–Tukey FFT algorithm
Data reordering, bit reversal, and in-place algorithms Although the abstract Cooley–Tukey factorization of the DFT, above, applies in some form to all implementations of the algorithm, much greater diversity exists in the techniques for ordering and accessing the data at each stage of the FFT. Of special interest is t...
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Parity function
established tight exponential lower bounds on the size of constant-depth Boolean circuits for the parity function. Håstad's Switching Lemma is the key technical tool used for these lower bounds and Johan Håstad was awarded the Gödel Prize for this work in 1994. The precise result is that depth- circuits with AND, OR, a...
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Quantum Corporation
Acquisitions Prior to the 2000 merger of the hard drive division, Quantum began a series of tape technology acquisitions: 1998 – ATL Products, a manufacturer of automated tape libraries. 2001 – M4 Data (Holdings) Ltd., a manufacturer of tape libraries. 2002 – Benchmark Storage Innovations, who manufactured the VSta...
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The Complexity of Cooperation
Applications Axelrod applied various models related to IPD to a variety of situations, drawing conclusions from these simulations about the ways in which groups form, adhere, oppose or join other groups, and other topics in the fields of genetic evolution, business, political science, military alliances, wars, and more...
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Equilibrium chemistry
There are five main types of experimental data that are used for the determination of solution equilibrium constants. Potentiometric data obtained with a glass electrode are the most widely used with aqueous solutions. The others are Spectrophotometric, Fluorescence (luminescence) measurements and NMR chemical shift me...
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Computer desk
Durfee, Charles. Build a Computer Desk. Fine Woodworking. No. 164. July–August 2003. pp. 42–49. Lauziere, Stephen. A Laptop Computer desk Doubles as a Side Table. Fine Woodworking. No. 133. July–August 2003. pp. 58–63. Grandjean, E. Ergonomics In Computerized Offices . CRC, 1986. PP 135–149 Desks Ergonomics
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Priority encoder
A behavioral description of priority encoder in Verilog is as follows.// behavioural description of priority enconder; // https://github.com/AmeerAbdelhadi/Indirectly-Indexed-2D-Binary-Content-Addressable-Memory-BCAM
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Palo (OLAP database)
Additional sources Bernd Held, Hartmut Erb: Advanced Controlling mit Excel. Unternehmenssteuerung mit OLAP und PALO, m. CD-ROM., Franzis, Poing 2006, (in German) Stefan Müller, Leif Mergener: Business Intelligence im Vertrieb auf Basis von Open-Source-Lösungen. In: Ronald Gleich, Andreas Klein (Hrsg.): Marketing- un...
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Energy in the United States
The following table, derived from data mined from Electric Power Annual, identifies those states which must import electrical energy from neighboring states to meet their consumption needs. Each state's total electric generation for 2018 is compared with the state's consumption, and its share of the system loss and the...
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Flywheel energy storage
Rail electrification FES can be used at the lineside of electrified railways to help regulate the line voltage thus improving the acceleration of unmodified electric trains and the amount of energy recovered back to the line during regenerative braking, thus lowering energy bills. Trials have taken place in London, N...
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Defence Institute of Psychological Research
To take on new areas of research related to morale, ideological convictions, group effectiveness, leadership behaviour, job satisfaction, high altitude effects, motivation, attitude, anthropometrics, civil-military relations and other problems related to Armed Forces. All the selections of officer's in the defence are ...
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UC Davis College of Engineering
Notable alumni Notable alumni of the College of Engineering include: David Abe, head of the Electromagnetics Technology Branch at the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory. Adam Steltzner, NASA JPL Lead Engineer Clare Bell, British author in the United States best known for her Ratha series Diane Bryant, executive vice p...
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Computational lithography
A number of startup companies promoting their own disruptive solutions to this problem started to appear, techniques from custom hardware acceleration to radical new algorithms such as Inverse Lithography were touted to resolve the forthcoming bottlenecks. Despite this activity, incumbent OPC suppliers were able to ada...
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Korean Peninsula Energy Development Organization
Ten Years of KEDO: What Have We Learned?, U.S. Institute of Peace, March 10, 2005 Half-forgotten project is a key in next round of 6-party talks - JoongAng Daily, September 12, 2005 Kumho: North Korea's nuclear ghost town - Asia Times, September 24, 2005 KEDO Puts Final Nail in N.Korea Reactor Project, The Chosun Ilbo,...
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Concentrated solar power
Future A study done by Greenpeace International, the European Solar Thermal Electricity Association, and the International Energy Agency's SolarPACES group investigated the potential and future of concentrated solar power. The study found that concentrated solar power could account for up to 25% of the world's energy ...
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Forth (programming language)
Implementations Because Forth is simple to implement and has no standard reference implementation, there are numerous versions of the language. In addition to supporting the standard varieties of desktop computer systems (POSIX, Microsoft Windows, macOS), many of these Forth systems also target a variety of embedded sy...
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Multiple zeta function
In the particular case of only three parameters we have (with a>1 and n,j,i integer): Euler reflection formula The above MZVs satisfy the Euler reflection formula: for Using the shuffle relations, it is easy to prove that: for This function can be seen as a generalization of the reflection formulas. Symmetric sums in ...
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Powers (comics)
Covers In his introduction to the bonus materials section of Powers: Roleplay, Bendis highlights five Superhero comic cover clichés, and then explains that "Mike and I decided very early on to create theme covers for each storyarc". "Roleplay" (issues #8–11)'s theme used "album cover designs from albums you would find ...
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Chemistry education
However, since the twenty-first century, the role of laboratory courses in the chemistry curriculum has been questioned in major journals. The main argument against laboratory courses is that there is little evidence for their impact on student learning. Researchers are asking questions such as "why do we have laborato...
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Biology of depression
Since the 1990s, research has uncovered multiple limitations of the monoamine hypothesis, and its inadequacy has been criticized within the psychiatric community. For one thing, serotonin system dysfunction cannot be the sole cause of depression. Not all patients treated with antidepressants show improvements despite t...
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Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology & Hydrogeology
Abstracting and indexing This journal is abstracted and indexed by the Science Citation Index, Current Contents/Engineering, Computing & Technology, and the Chemical Abstracts Service/CASSI. External links Alternate website at GeoScience World Publications established in 1967 Engineering journals Quarterly journals ...
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Code Saturne
External links Official English website Official french website Code Saturne Installation on Mandriva Linux Code_Saturne Overview (pdf, 2 pages) Overview of EDF's Open Source initiative (pdf, 2 pages) code-saturne.blogspot.com : Independent user's Blog about SALOME, Code_Saturne, ParaView and Numerical Mod...
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Aviators Code Initiative
Permanent Editorial Board This non-profit's volunteer Permanent Editorial Board (PEB) provides "editorial oversight and stewardship of the Aviators Code Initiative (ACI), implementation of the family of codes of conduct, and supporting materials." Current members include: Don Arendt, PhD, Sr. Technical Advisor for Saf...
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LSE (programming language)
1*CHANSON DES 99 BOUTEILLES DE BIERE 2*PASCAL BOURGUIGNON, 2003 10 FAIRE 20 POUR N←99 PAS -1 JUSQUA 1 20 &STROF(N) 30 AFFICHER['IL EST TEMPS D’’ALLER AU MAGASIN.',/] 40 TERMINER 100 PROCEDURE &STROF(N) LOCAL S1,S0;CHAINE S1,S0;S1←"S";S0←"S" 110 SI N=2 ALORS S0←"" SINON SI N=1 ALORS DEBUT S1←"";S0←"" FIN 1...
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List of ICD-9 codes 290–319: mental disorders
Psychoactive substance (303–305) Alcohol dependence syndrome (Include: acute drunkenness in alcoholism, dipsomania, chronic alcoholism) Drug dependence Morphine type dependence (Include drugs: heroin, methadone, opium, opium alkaloids and their derivatives, synthetics with morphine-like effects) Barbiturate typ...
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Society for Neuroscience
SfN's digital member magazine, Neuroscience Quarterly covers SfN news, programs, science, and events, and other neuroscience-related issues. Enhanced content includes videos, slideshows, and interactive elements. Nexus is a digital newsletter. This issue contains: - Key dates and details for a...
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Basis (linear algebra)
The figure (right) illustrates distribution of lengths N of pairwise almost orthogonal chains of vectors that are independently randomly sampled from the n-dimensional cube as a function of dimension, n. A point is first randomly selected in the cube. The second point is randomly chosen in the same cube. If the angle ...
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Sequent calculus
Reduction trees Sequent calculus can be seen as a tool for proving formulas in propositional logic, similar to the method of analytic tableaux. It gives a series of steps which allows one to reduce the problem of proving a logical formula to simpler and simpler formulas until one arrives at trivial ones. Consider the ...
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International Green Construction Code
Implementation The work of the Code Council/AIA/ASTM team in developing the IGCC was joined with the Standard developed by the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE), the U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC) and the Illuminating Engineering Society (IES). The IGCC will referen...
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Computational archaeology
Research groups and institutions University College London: Material Culture and Data Science Research Group University of York: Archaeological Information Systems Research Group University of Southampton: Archaeological Computing Research Group University of Birmingham: HP Visual and Spatial Technology Centre Archaeo...
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Sex selection
Sperm sorting is an advanced technique that sorts sperm "in vitro" by flow cytometry. This shines a laser at the sperm to distinguish X and Y chromosomes, and can automatically separate the sperm out into different samples. During the early to mid 1980s, Dr. Glenn Spaulding was the first to sort viable whole human and ...
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Institute of Marine Engineering, Science and Technology
Events and Conferences Conferences A number of technical and scientific conferences are organised and run by the IMarEST annually. Producing their own conference proceedings, they offer an opportunity to learn of the latest marine research. Examples include: Engine as a Weapon International Naval Engineering Confere...
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Ethanol fuel energy balance
Clean production bioethanol Clean production bioethanol is a biofuel obtained by maximizing non-greenhouse gas emitting (renewable) resources: energy directly consumed to make the ethanol is renewable energy. The farm equipment and ethanol plant use an ethanol engine, biodiesel, air engine or electricity cogenerat...
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List of programs broadcast by Seven Network
The 100 Lives of Black Jack Savage 227 30 Rock 3rd Rock from the Sun The 5 Mrs. Buchanans 8 Simple Rules The Abbott and Costello Show According to Jim Adam's Rib After Henry (originally aired on ABC) ALF (later moved to Nine) Alas Smith and Jones 'Allo 'Allo! Ally McBeal All-New British Bloopers Almost Home Almost Pe...
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Robert Sedgewick (computer scientist)
Throughout his career, he has worked at research institutions outside of academia during summers and sabbatical leaves: The Communications Research Division of the Institute for Defense Analyses in Princeton, New Jersey, an opportunity to work with the CRAY-1 supercomputer. Xerox Palo Alto Research Center (PARC), an op...
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Algebraic K-theory
The proper context for the s-cobordism theorem is the classifying space of h-cobordisms. If M is a CAT manifold, then HCAT(M) is a space that classifies bundles of h-cobordisms on M. The s-cobordism theorem can be reinterpreted as the statement that the set of connected components of this space is the Whitehead group...
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Mechanical systems drawing
Detail drawing In detail drawings, components used to build the mechanical system are described in some detail to show that the designer's specifications are met: relevant codes, standards, geometry, weight, mass, material, heat treatment requirements, surface texture, size tolerances, and geometric tolerances. Fabrica...
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Data & Analysis Center for Software
Total Electronic Migration System (TEMS) The Total Electronic Migration System is a project funded by DTIC to support the collection of scientific and technical information held in the IAC document collections and the subsequent dissemination of that information to a restricted DoD community through a sophisticated sea...
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Airborne wind energy
Aerostat-based HAWP One method of keeping working HAWP systems aloft is to use buoyant aerostats whether or not the electric generator is lifted or left on the ground. The aerostats are usually, but not always, shaped to achieve a kiting lifting effect. Recharging leaked lifting gas receives various solutions. In case ...
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Berndt–Hall–Hall–Hausman algorithm
Usage If a nonlinear model is fitted to the data one often needs to estimate coefficients through optimization. A number of optimisation algorithms have the following general structure. Suppose that the function to be optimized is Q(β). Then the algorithms are iterative, defining a sequence of approximations, βk given ...
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Arithmetic circuit complexity
Depth reduction One benchmark in our understanding of the computation of polynomials is the work of Valiant, Skyum, Berkowitz and Rackoff. They showed that if a polynomial of degree has a circuit of size then also has a circuit of size polynomial in and of depth For example, any polynomial of degree that has a...
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Quantum chemistry composite methods
T1 follows the G3(MP2) recipe, however, by substituting an HF/6-31G* for the MP2/6-31G* geometry, eliminating both the HF/6-31G* frequency and QCISD(T)/6-31G* energy and approximating the MP2/G3MP2large energy using dual basis set RI-MP2 techniques, the T1 method reduces computation time by up to 3 orders of magnitude....
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Plasma cell dyscrasias
Patients with 1 or 2 isolated plasmacytomas have been successfully treated with targeted radiotherapy to obtain relief of symptoms and sometimes complete remission of disease. (Isolated plasmacytomas may regress spontaneously.) Patients with >2 plasmacytomas or symptomatic disseminated disease have been treated with ch...
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Astrological aspect
Kepler's Aspects In 1619, Johannes Kepler described 13 aspects in his book Harmonice Mundi. He grouped them in five degrees of influentiality. He picked these from symbol ratios encountered in geometry and music: 0/2, 1/2, 1/5, 1/6, 1/3, 1/12 along with 1/5, 2/5, 12/5, 10, 10/3, 8, and 8/3. The general names for whole ...
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Personnel selection
Overview The professional standards of industrial-organizational psychologists (I-O psychologists) require that any selection system be based on a job analysis to ensure that the selection criteria are job-related. The requirements for a selection system are characteristics known as KSAOs – knowledge, skills, ability, ...
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Recode (non-profit organization)
Methodology CDI community centers are self-managed and self-sustainable. Students collectively identify a common challenge facing their community and prepare an action plan to overcome it. Issues can range from sexual abuse, pollution, violence, crime, and drugs, to lack of health care or schools. Students can take the...
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Geographic information system software
GIS as a service Many suppliers are now starting to offer Internet based services as well as or instead of downloadable software and/or data. These can be free, funded by advertising or paid for on subscription; they split into three areas: SaaS – Software as a Service: Software available as a service on the Internet...
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Karatsuba algorithm
Algorithm Basic step The basic step of Karatsuba's algorithm is a formula that allows one to compute the product of two large numbers and using three multiplications of smaller numbers, each with about half as many digits as or , plus some additions and digit shifts. This basic step is, in fact, a generalization of ...
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Computational sociology
Another major challenge in this category concerns the validity of information and their sources. In recent years there has been a boom in information gathering and processing. However, little attention was paid to the spread of false information between the societies. Tracing back the sources and finding ownership of s...
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Overengineering
See also Technical debt Feature creep You aren't gonna need it (YAGNI) Juicero Monorail Planned Obsolescence skyTran Useless machine Writing in space References External links "Code Simplicity ", Code Simplicity: The Science of Software Development Book, O'Reilly Media, Max Kanat-Alexander, March 2012 "Stop ...
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HIV Vaccine Trials Network
HVTN 502/ STEP was the name for a double-blind randomized controlled trial conducted in the US and managed by the HVTN. It was thoroughly reviewed when more participants in the experimental group contracted HIV than participants in the control group. The vaccine contained no HIV and no one could have contracted HIV fr...
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Analog computer
Any physical process that models some computation can be interpreted as an analog computer. Some examples, invented for the purpose of illustrating the concept of analog computation, include using a bundle of spaghetti as a model of sorting numbers; a board, a set of nails, and a rubber band as a model of finding the c...
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Population ecology
Populations are also studied and conceptualized through the "metapopulation" concept. The metapopulation concept was introduced in 1969: "as a population of populations which go extinct locally and recolonize." Metapopulation ecology is a simplified model of the landscape into patches of varying levels of quality. Patc...
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Evolutionary landscape
While Kaplan (2008) wishes to discard the idea of landscapes all together, Massimo Pigliucci is less drastic. He acknowledges four categories of landscapes: fitness landscapes, adaptive landscapes, fitness surfaces, and morphospaces. Fitness landscapes are those similar to what Wright (1932) proposed (called adaptive a...
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Discover Science & Engineering
External links Discover-Science.ie – official website of Discover Science & Engineering (DSE) My Science Career - resources for finding out more about a career in science, technology, engineering or mathematics (STEM) Follow Science.ie on Twitter MyScience.ie - DSE blog about Irish science I Love Science Bebo page DSE...
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K-set (geometry)
Agarwal and Matoušek describe algorithms for efficiently constructing an approximate level; that is, a curve that passes between the (k - d)-level and the (k + d)-level for some small approximation parameter d. They show that such an approximation can be found, consisting of a number of line segments that depends only ...
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Software development
Planning process Planning is an objective of each and every activity, where we want to discover things that belong to the project. An important task in creating a software program is extracting the requirements or requirements analysis. Customers typically have an abstract idea of what they want as an end result but do...
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Pedotransfer function
Although not formally recognized and named until 1989, the concept of the pedotransfer function has long been applied to estimate soil properties that are difficult to determine. Many soil science agencies have their own (unofficial) rule of thumb for estimating difficult-to-measure soil properties. Probably because of...
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Regulation of nanotechnology
There is significant debate about who is responsible for the regulation of nanotechnology. While some non-nanotechnology specific regulatory agencies currently cover some products and processes (to varying degrees) – by "bolting on" nanotechnology to existing regulations – there are clear gaps in these regimes. This en...
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Turing's proof
Our example is based on a modified Post–Turing machine model of a Turing Machine. This model prints only the symbols 0 and 1. The blank tape is considered to be all b's. Our modified model requires us to add two more instructions to the 7 Post–Turing instructions. The abbreviations that we will use are: In the cases of...
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Topological quantum computer
Example: Computing with Fibonacci anyons One of the prominent examples in topological quantum computing is with a system of Fibonacci anyons. In the context of conformal field theory, fibonacci anyons are described by the Yang–Lee model, the SU(2) special case of the Chern–Simons theory and Wess–Zumino–Witten models. ...
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Chan's algorithm
Extensions Chan's paper contains some other problems whose known algorithms can be made optimal output sensitive using his technique, for example: Computing the lower envelope of a set of line segments, which is defined as the lower boundary of the unbounded trapezoid of formed by the intersections. Hershberger ga...
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Geologic modelling
Geomodelling is commonly used for managing natural resources, identifying natural hazards, and quantifying geological processes, with main applications to oil and gas fields, groundwater aquifers and ore deposits. For example, in the oil and gas industry, realistic geologic models are required as input to reservoir si...
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Collaborative innovation network
Wikipedia gathers thousands of volunteers that constantly write and update content. Although it does not have a hierarchy nor a central authority, the entries are mostly accurate and complete. Volunteers share a strong feeling of community and willingness to contribute towards knowledge without being paid for it. Face...
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Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology
Faculty of Civil Engineering Department of Civil Engineering (CE) Department of Urban & Regional Planning (URP) Department of Architecture (Arch.) Department of Building Engineering & Construction Management (BECM) Faculty of Electrical & Computer Engineering Department of Computer Science & Engineering (CSE) D...
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Separation logic
programs that manipulate pointer data structures—including information hiding in the presence of pointers; "transfer of ownership" (avoidance of semantic frame axioms); and virtual separation (modular reasoning) between concurrent modules. Separation logic supports the developing field of research described by Peter ...
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Binary GCD algorithm
Following is an implementation of the algorithm in Rust exemplifying those differences, adapted from uutils: pub fn gcd(mut u: u64, mut v: u64) -> u64 { use std::cmp::min; use std::mem::swap; // Base cases: gcd(n, 0) = gcd(0, n) = n if u == 0 { return v; } else if v == 0 { return u; ...
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Heat transfer coefficient
Composition A simple method for determining an overall heat transfer coefficient that is useful to find the heat transfer between simple elements such as walls in buildings or across heat exchangers is shown below. Note that this method only accounts for conduction within materials, it does not take into account heat ...
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Supramolecular chemistry
Both and values can be determined at a given temperature, , by means of Isothermal titration calorimetry. For an example, see Sessler. et.al. In that example a macrocyclic ring with 4 protonated nitrogen atoms encapsulates a chloride anion; illustrations of ITC data and a titration curve are reproduced in Steed&Atwoo...
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Schur algebra
Construction The Schur algebra can be defined for any commutative ring and integers . Consider the algebra of polynomials (with coefficients in ) in commuting variables , 1 ≤ i, j ≤ . Denote by the homogeneous polynomials of degree . Elements of are k-linear combinations of monomials formed by multiplying togeth...
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Original North American area codes
In this table, the assignments of the nine area codes to the Canadian provinces are highlighted by a blue background. The red fields are the NPAs that hosted the Regional Centers for toll-switching established in the General Toll Switching Plan of 1929: New York City (212), Los Angeles (213), Dallas (214), Chicago (312...
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Molecular graph
In some important cases (topological index calculation etc.) the following classical definition is sufficient: a molecular graph is a connected, undirected graph which admits a one-to-one correspondence with the structural formula of a chemical compound in which the vertices of the graph correspond to atoms of the mole...
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Topological graph theory
Embedding a graph in a surface means that we want to draw the graph on a surface, a sphere for example, without two edges intersecting. A basic embedding problem often presented as a mathematical puzzle is the three utilities problem. Other applications can be found in printing electronic circuits where the aim is to p...
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Michael R. Powers
Research Powers has published numerous scholarly articles on a variety of risk-related topics, with particular focus on issues of government regulation and public policy. His major research contributions include: the introduction of intertemporal discounting into collective risk theory (actuarial ruin theory); the deri...
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Data & Analysis Center for Software
DACS Technical Area Tasks As is the case with all DTIC managed IACs, DACS serves as a contract vehicle that enables DoD components to acquire technical services from commercial providers (Defense contractors, small businesses, etc.) and academic institutions without having to engage in a formal competitive bid process....
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SmartCode
In the discussion of Smart Growth as an alternative to urban sprawl, one key aspect often overlooked is the currently prevailing system of community development codes and standards that by design, whether intentionally or not, have promoted subdivisions and strip malls. To change these community settlement patterns to...
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Dynamic covalent chemistry
The concept of a thermodynamic template is demonstrated in scheme 1. A thermodynamic template is a reagent that can stabilize the form of one product over others by lowering its Gibb's free energy (ΔG°) in relation to other products. cyclophane C2 can be prepared by the irreversible highly diluted reaction of a diol wi...
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List of unsolved problems in physics
Plasma physics Plasma physics and fusion power: Fusion energy may potentially provide power from abundant resource (e.g. hydrogen) without the type of radioactive waste that fission energy currently produces. However, can ionized gases (plasma) be confined long enough and at a high enough temperature to create fusion...
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CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics
As late as the 1962–1963 edition (3604 pages) the Handbook contained myriad information for every branch of science and engineering. Sections in that edition include: Mathematics, Properties and Physical Constants, Chemical Tables, Properties of Matter, Heat, Hygrometric and Barometric Tables, Sound, Quantities and Un...
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Map database management
Identifiers assigned to entries in a table are 16-bit integers and therefore have a range of 65536 values. This is too few to cover the world, so separate tables are formulated for each country or region of a country. For a given metropolitan region, only intersections along freeways, arterials and some major roads a...
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Assignment (computer science)
Parallel assignment Some programming languages, such as APL, Common Lisp, Go, JavaScript (since 1.7), PHP, Maple, Lua, occam 2, Perl, Python, REBOL, Ruby, and PowerShell allow several variables to be assigned in parallel, with syntax like: a, b := 0, 1
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