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History of statistics
Applied statistics can be regarded as not a field of mathematics but an autonomous mathematical science, like computer science and operations research. Unlike mathematics, statistics had its origins in public administration. Applications arose early in demography and economics; large areas of micro- and macro-economics...
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List of interactive geometry software
Live Geometry is a free CodePlex project that lets you create interactive ruler and compass constructions and experiment with them. It is written in Silverlight 4 and C# 4.0 (Visual Studio 2010). The core engine is a flexible and extensible framework that allows easy addition of new figure types and features. The pr...
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Knuth–Morris–Pratt algorithm
algorithm kmp_search: input: an array of characters, S (the text to be searched) an array of characters, W (the word sought) output: an array of integers, P (positions in S at which W is found) an integer, nP (number of positions) define variables: an intege...
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Computer graphics
Many tools have been developed to visualize data. Computer-generated imagery can be categorized into several different types: two dimensional (2D), three dimensional (3D), and animated graphics. As technology has improved, 3D computer graphics have become more common, but 2D computer graphics are still widely used. Com...
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Mustang Software
September 1986: Jim Harrer starts Mustang Software in the bedroom of his Bakersfield, California home. March 1987: The first version of the company's Wildcat! software ships. It is designed to let computers connect to electronic bulletin boards via modem. December 23, 1988: Mustang Software is incorporated in Californi...
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Evolutionary pressure
Antibiotic resistance Drug resistance in bacteria is an example of an outcome of natural selection. When a drug is used on a species of bacteria, those that cannot resist die and do not produce offspring, while those that survive potentially pass on the resistance gene to the next generation (vertical gene transmissio...
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Quantitative genetics
Genotypic variance There are two major approaches to defining and partitioning genotypic variance. One is based on the gene-model effects, while the other is based on the genotype substitution effects They are algebraically inter-convertible with each other. In this section, the basic random fertilization derivation is...
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Forward genetics
Human diseases Human diseases and disorders can be the result of mutations. Forward genetics methods are employed in studying heritable diseases to determine the genes that are accountable. With single-gene or mendelian disorders a missense mutation can be significant; single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) can be anal...
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MathWorks Math Modeling Challenge
The problem Professional Ph.D.-level applied mathematicians devise and write the Challenge problem. Students have no knowledge of the problem before they download it on Challenge weekend. To solve the problem, they are allowed to use any inanimate and publicly available sources. They cannot have any outside help from a...
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Cryptologic technician
Specialties Administration (CTA) - Administrative and clerical duties that control access to classified material such as Special Security Officer (SSO) or Defense Courier Service (DCS). (No longer active.) Interpretive (CTI) - Interpretive are the Navy's linguists. They specialize in analysis of adversary developments...
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Sexual Ecology
In Chapter 4 Rotello describes the emergence of AIDS prevention and the β€˜condom code’ in the mid 1980s. He discusses several possible alternative strategies that were debated early in the epidemic, such as urging gay men to temporarily stop having sex, to stop having anal sex, to lower partners, to become monogamous, o...
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Probability integral transform
A second use for the transformation is in the theory related to copulas which are a means of both defining and working with distributions for statistically dependent multivariate data. Here the problem of defining or manipulating a joint probability distribution for a set of random variables is simplified or reduced in...
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Knuth–Bendix completion algorithm
The following example run, obtained from the E theorem prover, computes a completion of the (additive) group axioms as in Knuth, Bendix (1970). It starts with the three initial equations for the group (neutral element 0, inverse elements, associativity), using f(X,Y) for X+Y, and i(X) for βˆ’X. The 10 starred equations ...
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Chris Evert career statistics
1973: US Clay Court Championships, IN. (d. Pat Bostrom 6–0 6–0; Isabel Fernandez 6–3 6–4; Pat Pretorius 6–2 6–1; Linda Tuero 6–0 6–0; Veronica Burton 6–4 6–3 in final); Columbus, GA. (d. Janet Haas 6–1 6–0; Francoise Durr 6–0 6–2; Laurie Fleming 6–4 6–0; Rosie Casals 6–3 7–6; won by default over Margaret Court – defaul...
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Archaeological excavation
Development-led archaeology There are two main types of trial excavation in professional archaeology both commonly associated with development-led excavation: the test pit or trench and the watching brief. The purpose of trial excavations is to determine the extent and characteristics of archaeological potential in a ...
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Auto insurance risk selection
History Conventional methods for determining costs of motor vehicle insurance involve gathering relevant historical data from a personal interview with, or a written application completed by, the applicant for the insurance and by referencing the applicant's public motor vehicle driving record that is maintained by a ...
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Stochastic programming
How to construct scenarios, see ; How to solve the deterministic equivalent. Optimizers such as CPLEX, and GLPK can solve large linear/nonlinear problems. The NEOS Server, hosted at the University of Wisconsin, Madison, allows free access to many modern solvers. The structure of a deterministic equivalent is particula...
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Additive combinatorics
Vosper's theorem Now we have the inequality for the cardinality of the sum set , it is natural to ask the inverse problem, namely under what conditions on and does the equality hold? Vosper's theorem answers this question. Suppose that (that is, barring edge cases) and then and are arithmetic progressions with t...
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Post-quantum cryptography
Barreto et al. recommend using a binary Goppa code of length at least and dimension at least , and capable of correcting errors. With these parameters the public key for the McEliece system will be a systematic generator matrix whose non-identity part takes bits. The corresponding private key, which consists of th...
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Trait (computer programming)
AmbientTalk: Combines the properties of Self traits (object-based multiple inheritance) and Smalltalk's Squeak traits (requiring explicit composition of traits by the programmer). It builds on the research on stateful and freezable traits to enable state within traits, which was not allowed in the first definitions. C#...
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New York University Tandon School of Engineering
Center for Advanced Technology in Telecommunications (CATT) Center for Finance and Technology (CFT) Institute for Mathematics and Advanced Supercomputing (IMAS) Polymer Research Institute (PRI) Urban Intelligent Transportation Systems Center (UITSC) Wireless Internet Center for Advanced Technology (WICAT) CRISSP (Cybe...
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Computational visualistics
Computational Visualistics Degree Programmes The subject of computational visualistics was introduced at the University of Magdeburg, Germany, in the fall of 1996. It was initiated by Thomas Strothotte, Prof. for computer graphics in Magdeburg and largely supported by JΓΆrg Schirra together with a whole team of interdis...
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Neural network
Computational devices have been created in CMOS for both biophysical simulation and neuromorphic computing. More recent efforts show promise for creating nanodevices for very large scale principal components analyses and convolution. If successful, these efforts could usher in a new era of neural computing that is a st...
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Quantization (signal processing)
Often the solution to these problems can be equivalently (or approximately) expressed and solved by converting the formulation to the unconstrained problem where the Lagrange multiplier is a non-negative constant that establishes the appropriate balance between rate and distortion. Solving the unconstrained problem i...
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Boyer–Moore string-search algorithm
Z[i] is the length of the substring beginning at i which is also a prefix of S. This pre-processing is done in O(n) time, where n is the length of S. """ if len(S) == 0: # Handles case of empty string return [] if len(S) == 1: # Handles case of single-character string return [1] z ...
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Belene Nuclear Power Plant
The foundations of the future power plant were laid in 1987 after the design of Atomenergoproekt Kyiv from the USSR and Energoproekt Sofia. The design suggested the construction of four VVER-1000/320 units. Between 1988 and 1990 40% of the construction work on Unit 1 was finished and 80% of the equipment was supplied. ...
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National Ecological Observatory Network
The data NEON collects are defined by a series of Grand Challenges, as identified by the National Research Council at the request of the National Science Foundation. The National Research Council established a committee to evaluate the major ecological, environmental, and national concerns that require a continental-sc...
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Amoeba (mathematics)
Amoebas were introduced in 1994 in a book by Gelfand, Kapranov, and Zelevinsky. Properties Any amoeba is a closed set. Any connected component of the complement is convex. The area of an amoeba of a not identically zero polynomial in two complex variables is finite. A two-dimensional amoeba has a number of "tentacl...
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Abductive logic programming
Computation in ALP combines the backwards reasoning of normal logic programming (to reduce problems to sub-problems) with a kind of integrity checking to show that the abductive explanations satisfy the integrity constraints. The following two examples, written in simple structured English rather than in the strict syn...
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Plumtree Software
In 2000, Plumtree created a new layer of software infrastructure known as the parallel engine, designed for high-speed, large-scale communications via Internet protocols. The result: in third-party tests, the portal maintained a high level of performance even as the number of services it integrated increased; increasin...
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Open-source robotics
A recurring problem in the community has been projects, especially on Kickstarter, promising to fully open-source their hardware and then reneging on this promise once funded, in order to profit from being the sole manufacturer and seller. Popular applications include:
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C0 and C1 control codes
C1 control codes for bibliographic use The following alternative C1 control code set is defined for bibliographic applications such as library systems. It is mostly concerned with string collation, and with markup of bibliographic fields. Slightly different variants are defined in the German standard DIN 31626 (publis...
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Quantile function
Calculation The evaluation of quantile functions often involves numerical methods, such as the exponential distribution above, which is one of the few distributions where a closed-form expression can be found (others include the uniform, the Weibull, the Tukey lambda (which includes the logistic) and the log-logistic)....
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Lempel–Ziv–Markov chain algorithm
The following data is stored for each subproblem (of course, the values stored are for the candidate solution with minimum price), where by "tail" we refer to the packets extending the solution of the smaller subproblem, which are described directly in the following structure: Note that in the XZ for Java implementatio...
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Zero-knowledge proof
Some forms of non-interactive zero-knowledge proofs exist, but the validity of the proof relies on computational assumptions (typically the assumptions of an ideal cryptographic hash function). Abstract examples The Ali Baba cave There is a well-known story presenting the fundamental ideas of zero-knowledge proofs, fir...
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Molecular model
Some of the most common colors used in molecular models are as follows: {| class="wikitable" |Hydrogen |bgcolor=white| ||white |- |Alkali metals |bgcolor=darkviolet| ||violet |- |Alkaline earth metals |bgcolor=darkgreen| ||dark green |- |Boron, most transition metals |bgcolor=pink| ||Pink |- |Carbon |bgcolor=black| ||b...
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Man and Power
Summary As stated on the cover, the work is a survey of "the story of power from the pyramids to the atomic age." It traces the "progression of man's discovery and utilization of power ... in chapters dealing consecutively with the different sources of power--animal, wind, water, steam, internal combustion, chemical, e...
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Medical simulation
Currently, there are critical limitations in the presentation of existing studies, a sparsity of research related to debriefing topics of importance, and debriefing characteristics are incompletely reported. Recommendations for future debriefing studies include: Duration of debriefing Educator presence Educator cha...
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Providing the Balance of Power
"Providing the Balance of Power. Ontario Hydro's Plan to Serve Customers' Electricity Needs" was a four-volume 1989 study to the year 2014 by Ontario Hydro, the then supplier of electric power for the province of Ontario, Canada. The general public of Ontario was provided with copies of this report free of charge, and ...
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Psychometric software
TESTFact Testfact features - Marginal maximum likelihood (MML) exploratory factor analysis and classical item analysis of binary data - Computes tetrachoric correlations, principal factor solution, classical item descriptive statistics, fractile tables and plots - Handles up to 10 factors using numerical quadrature: up...
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Model Engineering College
Technical associations These include the Innovation and Entrepreneurship Development Cell (IEDC MEC) which is a fully functioning student body registered under the Technology Business Incubator of Government Model Engineering College, Cochin. The cell provides a platform for students to work on their ideas and take it...
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Metamath
This project is the first one of its kind that allows for interactive browsing of its formalized theorems database in the form of an ordinary website. Metamath language The Metamath language is a metalanguage, suitable for developing a wide variety of formal systems. The Metamath language has no specific logic embedd...
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MSC Software
June 1999 - Universal Analytics Incorporation (UAI) November 1999 - Computerized Structural Analysis Research Corporation (CSAR) May 2001 - Advanced Enterprise Solutions Inc. (AES). March 2002 - MSC Software acquired Mechanical Dynamics Inc. to increase its client base to over 10,000 companies. January 2008 - MSC Softw...
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Host–guest chemistry
As an extension, one can fit the data to different stoichiometries to understand the kinetics of the binding events between the host and the guest. made use of this corollary to slightly modify the conventional Benesi–Hilderbrand plot to get the order of the complexation reaction between barium-containing crown ether b...
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List of statistics articles
Idealised population Idempotent matrix Identifiability Ignorability Illustration of the central limit theorem Image denoising Importance sampling Imprecise probability Impulse response Imputation (statistics) Incidence (epidemiology) Increasing process Indecomposable distribution Independence of irrelevant alternatives...
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California Academy of Mathematics and Science
Extracurricular activities Students at CAMS enjoy a variety of extracurricular activities, including sports (volleyball, soccer, and tennis), Dance Team, Key Club, PI (Pacific Islander) Club, Chess Club, Math Club, M.E.Ch.A., Test Code (formerly Computer Science Club), Pinoy Club, Black Student Alliance (BSA), Gay-Stra...
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SOE F Section Codenames & Aliases
B Bachelier, Raymond - RenΓ© Bichelot BAGPIPER - RenΓ© Bichelot Baker, Nora - Noor Inayat Khan BANDIT - Robert George Bruhl BARBER - Marcel Rousset Barberousse - Albert Benstead BARGEE - Adolphe Rabinovitch BarnabΓ© - Robert George Bruhl BARNSTORMER - Joe Benoit Basil - Peter Lake Bastien - Marcel Clech Bave...
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Mathematical formulation of the Standard Model
{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" ! colspan="5"| Parameters of the Standard Model |- ! Symbol ! Description ! Renormalization scheme (point) ! Value ! Experimental uncertainty |- |me |Electron mass | |510.9989461(31) keV | |- |mΞΌ |Muon mass | |105.6583745(24) MeV | |- |mΟ„ |Tau mass | |1.77686(12) GeV | |- |mu ...
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Statistical mechanics
{| class="wikitable sortable" |+ |- ! rowspan="2"| ! colspan="3"| Thermodynamic ensembles |- ! Microcanonical ! Canonical ! Grand canonical |- ! Fixed variables | | | |- ! Microscopic features | | | |- ! Macroscopic function | | | |- |}
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Civilian Public Service
A faction of the Civilian Public Service camps developed into a scientific research unit known as Camp #115, or the β€œGuinea pig units.” These units included around 500 conscientious objectors who volunteered to be scientific test subjects in a wide range of human medical experiments in the country’s top universities an...
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Holographic algorithm
Holant problems Holographic algorithms exist in the context of Holant problems, which generalize counting constraint satisfaction problems (#CSP). A #CSP instance is a hypergraph G=(V,E) called the constraint graph. Each hyperedge represents a variable and each vertex is assigned a constraint A vertex is connected to...
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GEC Computers
Products and services Inherited the Marconi Transistorised Automatic Computer (T.A.C.), employed in nuclear power stations for data presentation Inherited the Marconi Myriad, but probably only maintained existing ones Inherited English Electric M2100, but probably only maintained existing ones Elliott 900 series G...
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Index of logic articles
M Main contention -- Major term -- Markov's principle -- Martin Gardner bibliography -- Masked-man fallacy -- Material conditional -- Mathematical fallacy -- Mathematical logic -- Meaning (linguistics) -- Meaning (non-linguistic) -- Meaning (philosophy of language) -- Meaningless statement -- Megarian school -- Mental...
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Mathematics of Sudoku
This estimation has proven to be accurate to about 0.2% for the classical 9Γ—9 grid, and within 1% for larger grids for which exact values are known (see table above). Number of bands Exact formulae for the number of possible bands in a filled sudoku grid with blocks of size RΓ—C are known: Several known band counts are...
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Social network automation
Many social networking sites also offer toolbars (mostly for Mozilla/Firefox and Internet Explorer) which aid in use of the social sites. These toolbars also offer easier submission of articles to and voting on stories. However they seem to be more about convenience than automation, so they are separated as well. One o...
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Crash simulation
In the following years, German car makers produced more complex crash simulation studies, simulating the crash behavior of individual car body components, component assemblies, and quarter and half car bodies in white (BIW). These experiments culminated in a joint project by the Forschungsgemeinschaft Automobil-Technik...
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Hardware performance counter
Versus software techniques Compared to software profilers, hardware counters provide low-overhead access to a wealth of detailed performance information related to CPU's functional units, caches and main memory etc. Another benefit of using them is that no source code modifications are needed in general. However, the t...
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Erioderma pedicellatum
Pacific populations Recently, populations were discovered in Denali area of Alaska, and in the Kamchatka Peninsula of Russia, increasing the known range of the species, and is the first time the species has been observed in the Pacific region. While little is known about the population in Russia, the Alaskan population...
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Inverse problem for Lagrangian mechanics
and define a collection of n2 functions Ξ¦ji by Theorem. (Douglas 1941) There exists a Lagrangian LΒ :Β [0,Β T]Β Γ—Β TMΒ β†’Β R such that the equations (E) are its Euler–Lagrange equations if and only if there exists a non-singular symmetric matrix g with entries gij depending on both u and v satisfying the following three Helmho...
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Marine current power
Environmental effects Ocean currents are instrumental in determining the climate in many regions around the world. While little is known about the effects of removing ocean current energy, the impacts of removing current energy on the farfield environment may be a significant environmental concern. The typical turbine ...
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Gemmological Institute of India
Research An issue the world's jewellery traders face is that synthetic diamonds, which are cheaper and now very widespread, can be used to defraud consumers of natural diamonds. As synthetic diamond technology becomes more easily accessible it is necessary for consumers, customs, importers, exporters, and government to...
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MΓΆbius function
Other applications of in combinatorics are connected with the use of the PΓ³lya enumeration theorem in combinatorial groups and combinatorial enumerations. There is a formula for calculating the MΓΆbius function without directly knowing the factorization of its argument: i.e. is the sum of the primitive -th roots of un...
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Arctic ecology
Modern history In 1946, The Arctic Research Laboratory was established under the contract of the Office of Naval Research in Point Barrow, Alaska for the purpose of investigating the physical and biological phenomena unique to the Arctic. In 1948, Dr. Laurence Irving was appointed as the Scientific Director of the Arct...
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Crowd simulation
Modeling techniques of crowds vary from holistic or network approaches to understanding individualistic or behavioral aspects of each agent. For example, the Social Force Model describes a need for individuals to find a balance between social interaction and physical interaction. An approach that incorporates both aspe...
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Statistical mechanics
A common approach found in many textbooks is to take the equal a priori probability postulate. This postulate states that For an isolated system with an exactly known energy and exactly known composition, the system can be found with equal probability in any microstate consistent with that knowledge. The equal a prior...
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The Mechanics' Institute Review
Contributors: Niki Aguirre, Caroline Annis, Mary-Louise Buxton, Gail Campbell, Vittorio D'Alessio, Rowena Dunn, Nicola Field, Sam Hudson, Rebekah Lattin-Rawstrone, Shaun Levin, Sara Macintosh, Alison Heathwood McCormack, Frances Merivale, Katie Morris, Mihaela Nicolescu, Allia Oswald, Nii Parkes, Nina Robertson, Patti ...
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Natural language processing
Sentiment analysis (see also Multimodal sentiment analysis) Extract subjective information usually from a set of documents, often using online reviews to determine "polarity" about specific objects. It is especially useful for identifying trends of public opinion in social media, for marketing. Terminology extraction...
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Ecological thinning
Research Research programs under way in various parts of the world (e.g. United States and Australia) are aimed at providing an alternate approach in forest management where conservation objectives are a high priority. Methods of ecological thinning being developed on silvicultural techniques for local forest types. E...
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Intermolecular force
The attraction between cationic and anionic sites is a noncovalent, or intermolecular interaction which is usually referred to as ion pairing or salt bridge. It is essentially due to electrostatic forces, although in aqueous medium the association is driven by entropy and often even endothermic. Most salts form crysta...
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Contact mechanics
Recently the exact approximants to and were published by Jedynak. They are given by the following rational formulas, which are approximants to the integrals . They are calculated for the Gaussian distribution of asperities, which have been shown to be unrealistic for engineering surface but can be assumed where frict...
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The Journal of Experimental Biology
The journal has published ground-breaking work in the areas of biomechanics, skin transplantation and neurophysiology, and has published work by Nobel Prize winners Peter Medawar and August Krogh. Journal content from 1923 is available online via the journal website. Content over six months old is freely available, and...
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Non-blocking algorithm
It was shown in the 1980s that all algorithms can be implemented wait-free, and many transformations from serial code, called universal constructions, have been demonstrated. However, the resulting performance does not in general match even naΓ―ve blocking designs. Several papers have since improved the performance of u...
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The Art of Computer Programming
Volume 2 – Seminumerical Algorithms Chapter 3 – Random Numbers 3.1. Introduction 3.2. Generating Uniform Random Numbers 3.2.1. The Linear Congruential Method 3.2.1.1. Choice of modulus 3.2.1.2. Choice of multiplier 3.2.1.3. Potency 3.2.2. Other Methods 3.3. Statistical Tests 3.3.1. General Test Procedures for Studying ...
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Merge algorithm
Parallel merge A parallel version of the binary merge algorithm can serve as a building block of a parallel merge sort. The following pseudocode demonstrates this algorithm in a parallel divide-and-conquer style (adapted from Cormen et al.). It operates on two sorted arrays and and writes the sorted output to array ...
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Disjoint-set data structure
In 2007, Sylvain Conchon and Jean-Christophe FilliΓ’tre developed a semi-persistent version of the disjoint-set forest data structure and formalized its correctness using the proof assistant Coq. "Semi-persistent" means that previous versions of the structure are efficiently retained, but accessing previous versions of ...
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Cooley–Tukey FFT algorithm
A typical strategy for in-place algorithms without auxiliary storage and without separate digit-reversal passes involves small matrix transpositions (which swap individual pairs of digits) at intermediate stages, which can be combined with the radix butterflies to reduce the number of passes over the data. References E...
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Programmable logic device
PAL devices have arrays of transistor cells arranged in a "fixed-OR, programmable-AND" plane used to implement "sum-of-products" binary logic equations for each of the outputs in terms of the inputs and either synchronous or asynchronous feedback from the outputs.
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Molecular encapsulation
In another example the cage consists of a gallium tetrahedral cluster compound stabilized by 6 bidentate catechol amide ligands residing at the tetrahedron edges. The guest is a 16 electron and thus very reactive ruthenium metallocene (an organometallic catalyst) with a cyclopentadienyl ligand (red) and a 1,3,7-octatri...
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Department of Mathematics, University of Manchester
Research Assessment Exercise (2008) The department of Mathematics entered research into three units of assessment. In Pure Mathematics 20% of submissions from 27 FTE category A staff were rated 4* (World Class) and 40% 3* (Internationally Excellent). In Applied Mathematics 25% of submissions from 28.8 FTE category A st...
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Society for Conservation Biology
Chapters SCB chapters are local groupings that are associated with regional sections, and are a means to work locally to achieve conservation success. The following chapters are listed within each of the seven sections: Africa: Cameroon Chapter, Ghana Chapter, Madagascar Chapter, Nigeria Chapter, South Africa Chapter ...
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Hunterston B nuclear power station
In December 1998, an INES Level 2 incident occurred after severe winds and sea spray disabled all four power lines to the site during the Boxing Day Storm of 1998. After multiple grid failures in a short period of time, emergency diesel generators failed to start. Normally, in the absence of power for the reactor cooli...
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Zonal spherical function
be the Weyl group of T in K. Recall characters in Hom(T,T) are called weights and can be identified with elements of the weight lattice Ξ› in Hom(, R) = . There is a natural ordering on weights and every finite-dimensional irreducible representation (Ο€, V) of K has a unique highest weight Ξ». The weights of the adjoint r...
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Anne Mather
Single Novels Caroline (1965) Design for Loving (1966) = Seen by Candlelight (1971) Beloved Stranger (1966) = Legacy of the Past (1973) Masquerade (1966) Arrogance of Love (1968) Enchanted Island (1969) = The Innocent Invader (1974) Dangerous Enchantment (1969) Dangerous Rhapsody (1969) Legend of Lexandros (19...
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Dehn function
A freely reduced word w ∈ F(X) satisfies wΒ =Β 1 in G if and only if the loop labeled by w in the presentation complex for G corresponding to (βˆ—) is null-homotopic. This fact can be used to show that Area(w) is the smallest number of 2-cells in a van Kampen diagram over (βˆ—) with boundary cycle labelled by w. Isoperimetri...
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Metabolic engineering
Analyzing a metabolic pathway The completed metabolic pathway is modeled mathematically to find the theoretical yield of the product or the reaction fluxes in the cell. A flux is the rate at which a given reaction in the network occurs. Simple metabolic pathway analysis can be done by hand, but most require the use o...
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Floyd–Warshall algorithm
Comparison with other shortest path algorithms The Floyd–Warshall algorithm is a good choice for computing paths between all pairs of vertices in dense graphs, in which most or all pairs of vertices are connected by edges. For sparse graphs with non-negative edge weights, lower asymptotic complexity can be obtained by ...
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List of MeSH codes (A13)
The following is a partial list of the "A" codes for Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), as defined by the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM). This list continues the information at List of MeSH codes (A12). Codes following these are found at List of MeSH codes (A14). For other MeSH codes, see List of MeSH c...
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Web engineering
Sources Robert L. Glass, "Who's Right in the Web Development Debate?" Cutter IT Journal, July 2001, Vol. 14, No.7, pp 6–0. S. Ceri, P. Fraternali, A. Bongio, M. Brambilla, S. Comai, M. Matera. "Designing Data-Intensive Web Applications". Morgan Kaufmann Publisher, Dec 2002,
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Stereochemistry
An often cited example of the importance of stereochemistry relates to the thalidomide disaster. Thalidomide is a pharmaceutical drug, first prepared in 1957 in Germany, prescribed for treating morning sickness in pregnant women. The drug was discovered to be teratogenic, causing serious genetic damage to early embryo...
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Pseudocode
algorithm ford-fulkerson is input: Graph G with flow capacity c, source node s, sink node t output: Flow f such that f is maximal from s to t (Note that f(u,v) is the flow from node u to node v, and c(u,v) is the flow capacity from node u to node v) for each edge (u, v)...
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Energy in Azerbaijan
At that time, along with the construction of power stations, electrical networks were systematically developed and the country's sustainable energy system was created. In those years, "Ali Bayramli" Thermal power station with 330 kV – β€œAghdam – Ganja – Aghstafa”, β€œAli Bayramli – Yashma – Derbent”, 5th Mingachevir, 500k...
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Data & Analysis Center for Software
What was the original purpose of the DACS? DACS initially functioned as the DoD librarian for software related topics. The objectives were to: Encourage the diffusion of technology to DOD, Civil Agencies, Government contractors, etc. Bring about higher levels of utilization of project results in a cost-effective man...
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Molecular nanotechnology
A second difficulty in reaching molecular nanotechnology is design. Hand design of a gear or bearing at the level of atoms might take a few to several weeks. While Drexler, Merkle and others have created designs of simple parts, no comprehensive design effort for anything approaching the complexity of a Model T Ford h...
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Nondeterministic algorithm
A large number of problems can be conceptualized through nondeterministic algorithms, including the most famous unresolved question in computing theory, PΒ vsΒ NP. Implementing nondeterministic algorithms with deterministic ones One way to simulate a nondeterministic algorithm N using a deterministic algorithm D is to tr...
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Forensic biology
Cold cases With the considerable amount of advances in DNA analysis, old, open cases that still have intact evidence can be examined for biological evidence. New profiles are uploaded to CODIS everyday so the base population to search and compare to increases. Biological testing for cold cases, specifically homicides,...
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Logo (programming language)
Some modern derivatives of Logo allow thousands of independently moving turtles. There are two popular implementations: Massachusetts Institute of Technology's StarLogo and Northwestern University Center for Connected Learning's (CCL) NetLogo. They allow exploring emergent phenomena and come with many experiments in so...
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List of computer technology code names
T-Bird β€” Red Hat Linux 4.8 T-Rex β€” IBM z990 mainframe computer Tabasco β€” Sun Redundant Storage Module Tactical Domestic Simulator β€” The Sims Tadpole β€” Sun 5GB 4Β mm Taj Mahal β€” FARA on Steroids Active Measures Analytics Talisker β€” Microsoft Windows CE 4.0 Talon β€” Sun SunDials Tanglewood β€” Intel processors due 20...
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Incidence geometry
In Beck's original argument, is 100 and is an unspecified constant; it is not known what the optimal values of and are. More examples Projective geometries Moufang polygon SchlΓ€fli double six Reye configuration Cremona–Richmond configuration Kummer configuration Klein configuration Non-Desarguesian planes Se...
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Robust statistics
Estimation of location The plot below shows a density plot of the speed-of-light data, together with a rug plot (panel (a)). Also shown is a normal Q–Q plot (panel (b)). The outliers are clearly visible in these plots.
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Computational fluid dynamics
Weakly compressible Navier-Stokes equations (WC-NS): Start with the C-NS. Assume that density variations depend only on temperature and not on pressure. For example, for an ideal gas, use , where is a conveniently-defined reference pressure that is always and everywhere constant, is density, is the specific gas co...
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