Source string | Question string | Answer string | Question_type string | Referenced_file(s) string | chunk_text string | expert_annotation string | specific to paper string | Label int64 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
IPAC | What charge distribution maximizes the transformer ratio? | The doorstop charge distribution | Summary | Design_of_a_cylindrical_corrugated_waveguide.pdf.pdf | Optimization Results for 16 fC Final Bunch Charge For the low bunch charge simulations performed for UED applications, the final desired bunch charge was $1 6 ~ \\mathrm { f C }$ . In these optimizations, the location of the aperture was variable. In this case, the simulation outputs the beam distribution at a set of l... | augmentation | NO | 0 |
IPAC | What charge distribution maximizes the transformer ratio? | The doorstop charge distribution | Summary | Design_of_a_cylindrical_corrugated_waveguide.pdf.pdf | Table: Caption: Body: <html><body><table><tr><td>h/D</td><td>0.4</td><td>0.6</td><td>0.8</td><td>1</td><td>2</td></tr><tr><td>u</td><td>4.06</td><td>4.5</td><td>4.93</td><td>5.29</td><td>6.58</td></tr></table></body></html> The main ohmic resistance of the coil is given by the length of the conductor. The $\\mathbf { ... | augmentation | NO | 0 |
IPAC | What charge distribution maximizes the transformer ratio? | The doorstop charge distribution | Summary | Design_of_a_cylindrical_corrugated_waveguide.pdf.pdf | $$ where $\\tilde { \\rho } ( \\boldsymbol { r } ^ { \\prime } , \\boldsymbol { k } )$ is the volumetric charge distribution on the Fourier space. HYBRID PHOTOINJECTOR SPACECHARGE ANALYSIS The hybrid photoinjector use a new way to create bright beams. This device combines a photocathode with a $2 . 5 \\mathrm { g u n }... | augmentation | NO | 0 |
IPAC | What charge distribution maximizes the transformer ratio? | The doorstop charge distribution | Summary | Design_of_a_cylindrical_corrugated_waveguide.pdf.pdf | $$ f ( z ) \\sin \\left( m \\phi \\right) = \\frac { n - \\frac { 1 } { 2 } } { N } , n = 1 , 2 , . . . , N $$ Field Analysis The field requirements for the magnet will be achieved by stacking concentric layers of quadrupole windings. The field of the designed model was evaluated in MatLab, CST Studio®, and COMSOL wit... | augmentation | NO | 0 |
IPAC | What charge distribution maximizes the transformer ratio? | The doorstop charge distribution | Summary | Design_of_a_cylindrical_corrugated_waveguide.pdf.pdf | $$ Hence, if the stabilizing effect of the main cavities is small we expect the mode 0 growth rate to scale as $Q _ { L } / R _ { s } ^ { 2 }$ ; for a fixed cavity geometry (and $R _ { s } / Q _ { L } )$ the growth rate scales inversely with the HHC shunt impedance. We illustrate this scaling for “optimal” stretchi... | augmentation | NO | 0 |
IPAC | What charge distribution maximizes the transformer ratio? | The doorstop charge distribution | Summary | Design_of_a_cylindrical_corrugated_waveguide.pdf.pdf | Typical voltage laws are shown in Fig. 2 along with the corresponding adiabaticity evolution. The final captured beam distribution is shown in Fig.4 for the case of a linear increase of RF voltage from $0 . 1 0 4 5 \\mathrm { k V }$ to $1 . 0 4 5 \\mathrm { k V } .$ . Figure 5 shows the variation of emittance with init... | augmentation | NO | 0 |
expert | What charge distribution maximizes the transformer ratio? | The doorstop charge distribution | Summary | Design_of_a_cylindrical_corrugated_waveguide.pdf.pdf | $$ Here we have used the convolution’s commutative property to switch the roles of $i$ and $h$ \in the convolution integral and written the Fourier transform of Green’s function $h ( t )$ as the longitudinal wake impedance $Z _ { | | } ( \\omega )$ . The subscripts added to the $\\omega$ variables indicate ... | 1 | NO | 0 |
expert | What charge distribution maximizes the transformer ratio? | The doorstop charge distribution | Summary | Design_of_a_cylindrical_corrugated_waveguide.pdf.pdf | $$ and the Fourier transform of the step function $$ \\mathcal { F } \\{ \\theta ( t ) \\} = \\pi \\biggl ( \\frac { 1 } { j \\pi \\omega } + \\delta ( \\omega ) \\biggr ) , $$ the wake impedance becomes $$ \\begin{array} { r } { Z _ { n | | } ( \\omega ) = \\kappa _ { n } \\Bigg [ \\pi [ \\delta ( \\omega - \\omega _ ... | 1 | NO | 0 |
IPAC | What charge distribution maximizes the transformer ratio? | The doorstop charge distribution | Summary | Design_of_a_cylindrical_corrugated_waveguide.pdf.pdf | File Name:START-TO-END_SIMULATION_OF_HIGH-GRADIENT,.pdf START-TO-END SIMULATION OF HIGH-GRADIENT, HIGH-TRANSFORMER RATIO STRUCTURE WAKEFIELD ACCELERATION WITH TDC-BASED SHAPING Gwanghui $\\mathrm { { H a ^ { * } } }$ , Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA Abstract In collinear wakefield acceleration, two figur... | 1 | NO | 0 |
expert | What charge distribution maximizes the transformer ratio? | The doorstop charge distribution | Summary | Design_of_a_cylindrical_corrugated_waveguide.pdf.pdf | $$ Again, using the fact that the current distribution is a purely real function, we obtain $$ P _ { \\boldsymbol { w } , n } = \\kappa _ { n } c | I ( \\omega _ { n } ) | ^ { 2 } . $$ Assuming the loss factor $\\kappa _ { n }$ is uniform throughout the corrugated waveguide of length $L$ , the total energy lost by the ... | 1 | NO | 0 |
expert | What charge distribution maximizes the transformer ratio? | The doorstop charge distribution | Summary | Design_of_a_cylindrical_corrugated_waveguide.pdf.pdf | $$ E _ { z } ( t ) = \\int _ { - \\infty } ^ { \\infty } h ( t - t ^ { \\prime } ) i ( t ^ { \\prime } ) d t ^ { \\prime } . $$ Inserting Eq. (B4) into Eq. (B1) and integrating over the time axis of the bunch produce the power being deposited into the wakefield $$ P _ { w } = \\frac { d U _ { \\mathrm { l o s s } } } {... | 1 | NO | 0 |
expert | What charge distribution maximizes the transformer ratio? | The doorstop charge distribution | Summary | Design_of_a_cylindrical_corrugated_waveguide.pdf.pdf | $$ We will now consider the effect of the bunch charge density $q ( s )$ on the accelerating field $E _ { z } ( s )$ \in order to understand how $E _ { \\mathrm { a c c } }$ and the peak surface fields depend on $q ( s )$ . To begin, we write $E _ { z , n }$ due to a single mode as a convolution $$ E _ { z , n } ( s ) ... | 1 | NO | 0 |
expert | What charge distribution maximizes the transformer ratio? | The doorstop charge distribution | Summary | Design_of_a_cylindrical_corrugated_waveguide.pdf.pdf | File Name:Design_of_a_cylindrical_corrugated_waveguide.pdf.pdf Design of a cylindrical corrugated waveguide for a collinear wakefield accelerator A. Siy ,1,2,\\* N. Behdad,1 J. Booske,1 G. Waldschmidt,2 and A. Zholents 2,† 1University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53715, USA 2Advanced Photon Source, Argonne Nation... | augmentation | NO | 0 |
expert | What charge distribution maximizes the transformer ratio? | The doorstop charge distribution | Summary | Design_of_a_cylindrical_corrugated_waveguide.pdf.pdf | $$ \\phi = \\frac { 3 6 0 f p } { c } , $$ where $\\phi$ is the periodic boundary condition phase advance in degrees, $f$ is the frequency of the electromagnetic mode, $p$ is the corrugation period, and $c$ is the speed of light. The electron bunch velocity is considered to be equal to $c$ . The structures were simulat... | augmentation | NO | 0 |
expert | What charge distribution maximizes the transformer ratio? | The doorstop charge distribution | Summary | Design_of_a_cylindrical_corrugated_waveguide.pdf.pdf | $$ Since the current density $i ( t )$ is a purely real function, $I ( - \\omega ) = I ^ { * } ( \\omega )$ where $*$ denotes complex conjugation, leading to $$ P _ { \\nu } = \\frac { c } { 2 \\pi } \\int _ { - \\infty } ^ { \\infty } | I ( \\omega ) | ^ { 2 } \\operatorname { R e } \\{ Z _ { | | } ( \\omega ) \\} d \... | augmentation | NO | 0 |
expert | What charge distribution maximizes the transformer ratio? | The doorstop charge distribution | Summary | Design_of_a_cylindrical_corrugated_waveguide.pdf.pdf | $$ Q _ { \\mathrm { d i s s } } = \\frac { E _ { \\mathrm { a c c } } ^ { 2 } } { 8 \\alpha \\kappa } ( e ^ { - 2 \\alpha L } + 2 \\alpha L - 1 ) . $$ According to Eq. (14), the amount of energy deposited on the CWG wall per unit length reaches a maximum after the electron bunch propagates a distance $z \\gg 1 / \\alph... | augmentation | NO | 0 |
expert | What charge distribution maximizes the transformer ratio? | The doorstop charge distribution | Summary | Design_of_a_cylindrical_corrugated_waveguide.pdf.pdf | Comparing the maximum radii and unequal radii rounded corrugation peak fields in Figs. 10 and 11, we note that the two geometry types are identical when the spacing parameter $\\xi = 0$ and the sidewall parameter $\\zeta = 1$ . In both structure types, the minimum $E _ { \\mathrm { m a x } }$ occurs for a negative spac... | augmentation | NO | 0 |
expert | What charge distribution maximizes the transformer ratio? | The doorstop charge distribution | Summary | Design_of_a_cylindrical_corrugated_waveguide.pdf.pdf | With the minor radius and frequency selected, the corrugation profile is chosen to maximize the accelerating gradient as well as provide a high repetition rate. The $1 \\mathrm { - m m }$ minor radius of the CWG results in corrugation dimensions in the hundreds of $\\mu \\mathrm { m }$ which presents unique manufacturi... | augmentation | NO | 0 |
expert | What charge distribution maximizes the transformer ratio? | The doorstop charge distribution | Summary | Design_of_a_cylindrical_corrugated_waveguide.pdf.pdf | $$ \\kappa _ { \\mathrm { m a x } } = \\frac { Z _ { 0 } c } { 2 \\pi a ^ { 2 } } , $$ where $Z _ { 0 }$ is the impedance of free space. In practical corrugated waveguide designs, the loss factor is always less than $\\kappa _ { \\mathrm { m a x } }$ due to manufacturing constraints on the minimum corrugation size. In ... | augmentation | NO | 0 |
expert | What charge distribution maximizes the transformer ratio? | The doorstop charge distribution | Summary | Design_of_a_cylindrical_corrugated_waveguide.pdf.pdf | VI. THERMAL LOADING Thermal loading of the corrugated waveguide places a limit on the maximum repetition rate $f _ { r }$ of the accelerator, where $f _ { r }$ is the number of bunches injected into the structure per second. The thermal loading depends on the electromagnetic properties of the $\\mathrm { T M } _ { 0 1 ... | augmentation | NO | 0 |
expert | What code was used to simulte the SHINE dechirper | ECHO2D | Summary | Beam_performance_of_the_SHINE_dechirper.pdf | We next simply consider the quadrupole wake, where the beam is on-axis $( \\mathrm { y } _ { \\mathrm { c } } = 0 )$ . The transfer matrices for the focusing and defocusing quadrupole are given in Eq. (16), where $L$ is the length of the corrugated structure [25]. $$ \\begin{array} { r } { \\boldsymbol { R } _ { \\math... | 1 | Yes | 0 |
expert | What code was used to simulte the SHINE dechirper | ECHO2D | Summary | Beam_performance_of_the_SHINE_dechirper.pdf | This paper begins by reviewing the dechirper parameters for a small metallic pipe. The wakefield effects are studied with an ultra-short electron bunch in the Shanghai high repetition rate XFEL and extreme light facility (SHINE). Then, the process in dechirper is studied analytically and verified by numerical simulatio... | 1 | Yes | 0 |
expert | What code was used to simulte the SHINE dechirper | ECHO2D | Summary | Beam_performance_of_the_SHINE_dechirper.pdf | File Name:Beam_performance_of_the_SHINE_dechirper.pdf Beam performance of the SHINE dechirper You-Wei $\\mathbf { G o n g } ^ { 1 , 2 } ( \\mathbb { D } )$ • Meng Zhang3 • Wei-Jie $\\mathbf { F a n } ^ { 1 , 2 } ( \\mathbb { D } )$ • Duan $\\mathbf { G } \\mathbf { u } ^ { 3 } \\boldsymbol { \\oplus }... | 2 | Yes | 0 |
expert | What code was used to simulte the SHINE dechirper | ECHO2D | Summary | Beam_performance_of_the_SHINE_dechirper.pdf | The SHINE linac beam specifications are listed in Table 1. After two stages of bunch compressors, the bunch length is shortened to $1 0 ~ { \\mu \\mathrm { m } }$ , with a time-dependent energy chirp of approximately $0 . 2 5 \\%$ $( 2 0 \\mathrm { M e V } )$ at the exit of the SHINE linac. Compared with normal conduct... | 1 | Yes | 0 |
expert | What code was used to simulte the SHINE dechirper | ECHO2D | Summary | Beam_performance_of_the_SHINE_dechirper.pdf | As described in Eq. (567), the distance factor is affected by the dechirper parameters, especially by the ratio $t / p$ . The wakefields induced by the Gaussian bunch with different $t /$ $p$ values are shown in Fig. 3. Over the initial $2 0 ~ { \\mu \\mathrm { m } }$ , all the induced wakefields have the same slope co... | 4 | Yes | 1 |
expert | What code was used to simulte the SHINE dechirper | ECHO2D | Summary | Beam_performance_of_the_SHINE_dechirper.pdf | As previously mentioned, $t / p = 0 . 5$ was adopted. The longitudinal wakefields corresponding to different widths are shown in the middle subplot of Fig. 3. The longitudinal wakefield appears to increase with $w$ , but settles at a maximum value when $w = 1 5 \\mathrm { m m }$ . For our calculation, setting $a = 1 \\... | 1 | Yes | 0 |
expert | What code was used to simulte the SHINE dechirper | ECHO2D | Summary | Beam_performance_of_the_SHINE_dechirper.pdf | Keywords Corrugated structure $\\mathbf { \\nabla } \\cdot \\mathbf { \\varepsilon }$ Energy spread $\\cdot$ Wakefield $\\mathbf { \\nabla } \\cdot \\mathbf { \\varepsilon }$ Shanghai high repetition rate XFEL and extreme light facility 1 Introduction Eliminating residual energy chirps is essential for optimizing the b... | augmentation | Yes | 0 |
expert | What code was used to simulte the SHINE dechirper | ECHO2D | Summary | Beam_performance_of_the_SHINE_dechirper.pdf | Table: Caption: Table 1 Beam parameters upon exiting the SHINE linac Body: <html><body><table><tr><td>Parameter</td><td>Value</td></tr><tr><td>Energy,E (GeV)</td><td>8</td></tr><tr><td>Charge per bunch, Q (PC)</td><td>100</td></tr><tr><td>Beam current,I (kA)</td><td>1.5</td></tr><tr><td>Bunch length (RMS),σ(μm)</td>... | augmentation | Yes | 0 |
expert | What code was used to simulte the SHINE dechirper | ECHO2D | Summary | Beam_performance_of_the_SHINE_dechirper.pdf | $$ where $f ( q ) = n / d$ , and with $$ \\begin{array} { l } { n = q [ \\cosh [ q ( 2 a - y - y _ { 0 } ) ] - 2 \\cosh [ q ( y - y _ { 0 } ) ] } \\\\ { \\qquad + \\cosh [ q ( 2 a + y + y _ { 0 } ) ] ] } \\\\ { \\qquad - i k \\zeta [ \\sinh [ q ( 2 a - y - y _ { 0 } ) ] + \\sinh [ q ( 2 a + y + y _ { 0 } ) ] ] , } \\en... | augmentation | Yes | 0 |
expert | What code was used to simulte the SHINE dechirper | ECHO2D | Summary | Beam_performance_of_the_SHINE_dechirper.pdf | $$ \\begin{array} { l } { \\displaystyle { Z _ { \\mathrm { { r } } } ( k ) = \\frac { 4 i } { k c a ^ { 2 } } \\left[ 1 + \\frac { 1 + i } { \\sqrt { 2 k S _ { 0 \\mathrm { { r } } } } } \\right] ^ { - 1 } , } } \\\\ { \\displaystyle { Z _ { \\mathrm { { l } } } ( k ) = \\frac { 4 i } { k c a ^ { 2 } } \\left[ 1 + \\f... | augmentation | Yes | 0 |
expert | What code was used to simulte the SHINE dechirper | ECHO2D | Summary | Beam_performance_of_the_SHINE_dechirper.pdf | $$ After calculating the inverse Fourier transformation, the distance s between the test and driving particles yields the longitudinal wake at the origin of $s = 0 ^ { + }$ , according to $w _ { \\mathrm { l } } \\sim e ^ { \\sqrt { s / s _ { 0 1 } } }$ . The relationship between the longitudinal point wake and the dis... | augmentation | Yes | 0 |
expert | What code was used to simulte the SHINE dechirper | ECHO2D | Summary | Beam_performance_of_the_SHINE_dechirper.pdf | The effect of a high group velocity in the radiation pulse also merits discussion. At the end of the structure length, the pulse length can be expressed [1] as $l _ { \\mathrm { p } } = 2 h t L / a p$ . For the structural parameters of SHINE, we have $l _ { \\mathrm { p } } = 5 \\mathrm { m }$ which is much longer than... | augmentation | Yes | 0 |
expert | What code was used to simulte the SHINE dechirper | ECHO2D | Summary | Beam_performance_of_the_SHINE_dechirper.pdf | According to the middle subplot in Fig. 5, the wakefield generated by the same structural parameters in the corrugated structure depends mainly on the shape of the bunch. As shown in the bottom of Fig. 5, with the longitudinal wakefield by the actual bunch, the energy chirp in the positive slope after L4 in SHINE can b... | augmentation | Yes | 0 |
expert | What code was used to simulte the SHINE dechirper | ECHO2D | Summary | Beam_performance_of_the_SHINE_dechirper.pdf | $$ Expanding the surface impedance $\\zeta ~ [ 1 8 ]$ in the first two orders, the short-range vertical dipole and quadrupole wakes near the axis are given by [19] $$ \\begin{array} { r l } & { w _ { y \\mathrm { d } } \\approx \\displaystyle \\frac { Z _ { 0 } \\mathrm { c } \\pi ^ { 3 } } { 6 4 a ^ { 4 } } { \\mathit... | augmentation | Yes | 0 |
expert | What code was used to simulte the SHINE dechirper | ECHO2D | Summary | Beam_performance_of_the_SHINE_dechirper.pdf | $$ where $k _ { \\mathrm { q } } ( s )$ is the effective quadrupole strength, which changes with $s$ within the bunch length $l$ . For the case where the beam is near the axis, a short uniformly distributed bunch was deduced in Ref. [25] to calculate the emittance growth after passing through the dechirper. As mentione... | augmentation | Yes | 0 |
expert | What code was used to simulte the SHINE dechirper | ECHO2D | Summary | Beam_performance_of_the_SHINE_dechirper.pdf | To improve the beam quality in SHINE and maintain the projected emittance, we attempted to divide the dechirper into four sections of uniform length $2 . 5 \\mathrm { ~ m ~ }$ (hereafter named ‘four-dechirpers’). The two-dechirper and four-dechirper layouts are depicted in Fig. 9 based on the FODO design. The blue ... | augmentation | Yes | 0 |
expert | What code was used to simulte the SHINE dechirper | ECHO2D | Summary | Beam_performance_of_the_SHINE_dechirper.pdf | $$ \\epsilon _ { \\mathrm { f } } / \\epsilon _ { 0 } = ( \\langle \\gamma _ { \\mathrm { f } } \\rangle \\langle \\beta _ { \\mathrm { f } } \\rangle - \\langle \\alpha _ { \\mathrm { f } } \\rangle ^ { 2 } ) ^ { 1 / 2 } , $$ where the subscripts f o represent the final (original) situation. Then, the other plane is a... | augmentation | Yes | 0 |
expert | What code was used to simulte the SHINE dechirper | ECHO2D | Summary | Beam_performance_of_the_SHINE_dechirper.pdf | The $\\beta$ functions for both models are plotted in Fig. 9. In [28], the emittance growth caused by the quadrupole wakefield is fully compensated only if $\\beta _ { x } = \\beta _ { y }$ . In practice, however, the beta functions always fluctuate, and the beam suffers from the residual quadrupole wakefield. For a pe... | augmentation | Yes | 0 |
IPAC | What differences between time-domain and frequency-domain simulations affect predicted performance? | Time-domain (2D) simulations include finite structure length and transient effects, while frequency-domain (3D) assume infinite periodicity and ideal conditions, leading to differences in predicted spectral purity and power. | Reasoning | haeusler-et-al-2022-boosting-the-efficiency-of-smith-purcell-radiators-using-nanophotonic-inverse-design.pdf | Table: Caption: Table 2: Model Parameters Body: <html><body><table><tr><td>Inverter Stage Qty</td><td>Switching Freq, max (kHz)</td><td>Output Inductors (mH)</td><td>Output Capacitors (mF)</td><td>Load (ohms)</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>10</td><td>10</td></tr></table></body></html> It is important t... | augmentation | NO | 0 |
IPAC | What differences between time-domain and frequency-domain simulations affect predicted performance? | Time-domain (2D) simulations include finite structure length and transient effects, while frequency-domain (3D) assume infinite periodicity and ideal conditions, leading to differences in predicted spectral purity and power. | Reasoning | haeusler-et-al-2022-boosting-the-efficiency-of-smith-purcell-radiators-using-nanophotonic-inverse-design.pdf | The longitudinal analysis is then completed by calculating the normalized longitudinal impedances $Z / n$ [9] (see Fig. 4), where $n = f / f _ { r e \\nu }$ is the mode number, with $f _ { r e \\nu }$ denoting the revolution frequency of the accelerator. The wake loss factors for SFL and SFP are $4 . 8 3 \\times 1 0 ^ ... | augmentation | NO | 0 |
IPAC | What differences between time-domain and frequency-domain simulations affect predicted performance? | Time-domain (2D) simulations include finite structure length and transient effects, while frequency-domain (3D) assume infinite periodicity and ideal conditions, leading to differences in predicted spectral purity and power. | Reasoning | haeusler-et-al-2022-boosting-the-efficiency-of-smith-purcell-radiators-using-nanophotonic-inverse-design.pdf | e s METHOD Ohmic losses from surface currents can reduce the efficiency of the cavity, resulting in heat generation caused by the Joule effect. This heat causes an increase in temperature and subsequent deformation of the cavity. These local displacements cause changes in the inductance and capacitance of the RF system... | augmentation | NO | 0 |
IPAC | What differences between time-domain and frequency-domain simulations affect predicted performance? | Time-domain (2D) simulations include finite structure length and transient effects, while frequency-domain (3D) assume infinite periodicity and ideal conditions, leading to differences in predicted spectral purity and power. | Reasoning | haeusler-et-al-2022-boosting-the-efficiency-of-smith-purcell-radiators-using-nanophotonic-inverse-design.pdf | MODELING FOR SIMULINK Cavity All measurements to create and validate the models were taken at the FoS RF system described in Ref. [8, 9]. In the first step, the modeling process is based on an RLC parallel resonant circuit (Fig. 1) as the equivalent lumped-element circuit of cavity and amplifiers near resonance [10]. F... | augmentation | NO | 0 |
IPAC | What differences between time-domain and frequency-domain simulations affect predicted performance? | Time-domain (2D) simulations include finite structure length and transient effects, while frequency-domain (3D) assume infinite periodicity and ideal conditions, leading to differences in predicted spectral purity and power. | Reasoning | haeusler-et-al-2022-boosting-the-efficiency-of-smith-purcell-radiators-using-nanophotonic-inverse-design.pdf | BENCHMARKING Fig. 5 shows FFTs of the driving and spill signals from machine measurements (left) and simulations (right). These plots compare the extracted spill/loss signal with the driving TFB/kicker signal, effectively comparing the “output” and “input” signals in frequency space. The signal used was a frequ... | augmentation | NO | 0 |
IPAC | What differences between time-domain and frequency-domain simulations affect predicted performance? | Time-domain (2D) simulations include finite structure length and transient effects, while frequency-domain (3D) assume infinite periodicity and ideal conditions, leading to differences in predicted spectral purity and power. | Reasoning | haeusler-et-al-2022-boosting-the-efficiency-of-smith-purcell-radiators-using-nanophotonic-inverse-design.pdf | Table: Caption: Table 5: Transient Analysis – Validation Body: <html><body><table><tr><td>Parameter</td><td>HF model</td><td>LDV (averaged)</td></tr><tr><td>Max. disp.</td><td>39.5 μm</td><td>32.7 μm</td></tr><tr><td>Max. velocity</td><td>0.10 m/s</td><td>0.26 m/s</td></tr></table></body></html> The punctual vibra... | augmentation | NO | 0 |
Expert | What differences between time-domain and frequency-domain simulations affect predicted performance? | Time-domain (2D) simulations include finite structure length and transient effects, while frequency-domain (3D) assume infinite periodicity and ideal conditions, leading to differences in predicted spectral purity and power. | Reasoning | haeusler-et-al-2022-boosting-the-efficiency-of-smith-purcell-radiators-using-nanophotonic-inverse-design.pdf | A 200-period-long version of the inverse-designed structure was fabricated by electron beam lithography $\\bar { ( } 1 0 0 \\ \\mathrm { k V } )$ and cryogenic reactive-ion etching of $1 - 5 \\Omega \\cdot \\mathrm { c m }$ phosphorus-doped silicon to a depth of $1 . 3 \\big ( 1 \\big ) \\mathsf { \\bar { \\mu } m }$ .... | 1 | NO | 0 |
IPAC | What differences between time-domain and frequency-domain simulations affect predicted performance? | Time-domain (2D) simulations include finite structure length and transient effects, while frequency-domain (3D) assume infinite periodicity and ideal conditions, leading to differences in predicted spectral purity and power. | Reasoning | haeusler-et-al-2022-boosting-the-efficiency-of-smith-purcell-radiators-using-nanophotonic-inverse-design.pdf | The forecasting of all the projections in all the modules takes less than one second whereas HPSim takes around 10 minutes with similar computing infrastructure, resulting in a speed up by a factor of $\\sim 6 0 0$ . The exceptional computational speed of the method makes it extremely well-suited for various real-time ... | 1 | NO | 0 |
IPAC | What differences between time-domain and frequency-domain simulations affect predicted performance? | Time-domain (2D) simulations include finite structure length and transient effects, while frequency-domain (3D) assume infinite periodicity and ideal conditions, leading to differences in predicted spectral purity and power. | Reasoning | haeusler-et-al-2022-boosting-the-efficiency-of-smith-purcell-radiators-using-nanophotonic-inverse-design.pdf | The vertical quadrupole wake potential was calculated by integrating the derivative of the longitudinal wake potential as shown in Eq. (3). Since calculating the derivative of the longitudinal wake potential along the vertical direction involves subtracting two large numbers, the accuracy of the quadrupole wake potenti... | 1 | NO | 0 |
Expert | What differences between time-domain and frequency-domain simulations affect predicted performance? | Time-domain (2D) simulations include finite structure length and transient effects, while frequency-domain (3D) assume infinite periodicity and ideal conditions, leading to differences in predicted spectral purity and power. | Reasoning | haeusler-et-al-2022-boosting-the-efficiency-of-smith-purcell-radiators-using-nanophotonic-inverse-design.pdf | $$ { \\bf J } ( { \\bf r } , \\omega ) = \\frac { q } { 2 \\pi } { ( 2 \\pi \\sigma _ { x } ^ { 2 } ) } ^ { - 1 / 2 } \\mathrm { e } ^ { - x ^ { 2 } / 2 \\sigma _ { x } ^ { 2 } } \\mathrm { e } ^ { - i k _ { y } y } \\widehat { { \\bf y } } $$ with $k _ { y } = \\omega / \\nu$ . Using this expression, the electromagnet... | 1 | NO | 0 |
Expert | What differences between time-domain and frequency-domain simulations affect predicted performance? | Time-domain (2D) simulations include finite structure length and transient effects, while frequency-domain (3D) assume infinite periodicity and ideal conditions, leading to differences in predicted spectral purity and power. | Reasoning | haeusler-et-al-2022-boosting-the-efficiency-of-smith-purcell-radiators-using-nanophotonic-inverse-design.pdf | For a further study of the different structures, we performed 2D time-domain and 3D frequency-domain simulations. While both time and frequency domain are in principal legitimate ways to calculate the radiation spectrum from single electrons, they differ in computational complexity and precession. The time-domain simul... | 1 | NO | 0 |
IPAC | What differences between time-domain and frequency-domain simulations affect predicted performance? | Time-domain (2D) simulations include finite structure length and transient effects, while frequency-domain (3D) assume infinite periodicity and ideal conditions, leading to differences in predicted spectral purity and power. | Reasoning | haeusler-et-al-2022-boosting-the-efficiency-of-smith-purcell-radiators-using-nanophotonic-inverse-design.pdf | Table: Caption: Table 1: Resonance frequencies, shunt impedances and Qfactors of the dominant modes calculates by the impedance and eigenmode solvers, respectively. Body: <html><body><table><tr><td>#</td><td colspan="2">fo/MHz 二</td><td colspan="2">Rs/Ω 1</td><td colspan="2">Q</td></tr><tr><td></td><td>Imp.<... | 1 | NO | 0 |
Expert | What differences between time-domain and frequency-domain simulations affect predicted performance? | Time-domain (2D) simulations include finite structure length and transient effects, while frequency-domain (3D) assume infinite periodicity and ideal conditions, leading to differences in predicted spectral purity and power. | Reasoning | haeusler-et-al-2022-boosting-the-efficiency-of-smith-purcell-radiators-using-nanophotonic-inverse-design.pdf | 3D Simulations. 3D finite-element-method (FEM) frequency-domain simulations were performed in COMSOL to analyze effects originating from the finite height of the structure and beam. The structures were assumed to be $1 . 5 \\mu \\mathrm { m }$ high on a flat silicon substrate (Figure 1b). The spectral current density h... | augmentation | NO | 0 |
Expert | What differences between time-domain and frequency-domain simulations affect predicted performance? | Time-domain (2D) simulations include finite structure length and transient effects, while frequency-domain (3D) assume infinite periodicity and ideal conditions, leading to differences in predicted spectral purity and power. | Reasoning | haeusler-et-al-2022-boosting-the-efficiency-of-smith-purcell-radiators-using-nanophotonic-inverse-design.pdf | KEYWORDS: light‚àímatter interaction, free-electron light sources, Smith‚àíPurcell radiation, inverse design, nanophotonics T ehle Smith‚àíPurcell effect describes the emission of ctromagnetic radiation from a charged particle propagating freely near a periodic structure. The wavelength $\\lambda$ of the far-field radi... | augmentation | NO | 0 |
Expert | What differences between time-domain and frequency-domain simulations affect predicted performance? | Time-domain (2D) simulations include finite structure length and transient effects, while frequency-domain (3D) assume infinite periodicity and ideal conditions, leading to differences in predicted spectral purity and power. | Reasoning | haeusler-et-al-2022-boosting-the-efficiency-of-smith-purcell-radiators-using-nanophotonic-inverse-design.pdf | allows to design the spectrum $( \\omega )$ , spatial distribution $\\mathbf { \\Pi } ( \\mathbf { r } )$ , and polarization (e) of radiation by favoring one kind $| \\mathbf { e } { \\cdot } \\mathbf { E } ( \\mathbf { r } , \\omega ) |$ and penalizing others, $- | \\mathbf { e } ^ { \\prime } { \\boldsymbol { \\cdot ... | augmentation | NO | 0 |
Expert | What differences between time-domain and frequency-domain simulations affect predicted performance? | Time-domain (2D) simulations include finite structure length and transient effects, while frequency-domain (3D) assume infinite periodicity and ideal conditions, leading to differences in predicted spectral purity and power. | Reasoning | haeusler-et-al-2022-boosting-the-efficiency-of-smith-purcell-radiators-using-nanophotonic-inverse-design.pdf | DESIGN The inverse design optimization was carried out via an opensource Python package34 based on a 2D frequency-domain (FD) simulation. At the center of the optimization process is the objective function $G$ , which formulates the desired performance of the design, defined by the design variable $\\phi$ (Methods). He... | augmentation | NO | 0 |
Expert | What differences between time-domain and frequency-domain simulations affect predicted performance? | Time-domain (2D) simulations include finite structure length and transient effects, while frequency-domain (3D) assume infinite periodicity and ideal conditions, leading to differences in predicted spectral purity and power. | Reasoning | haeusler-et-al-2022-boosting-the-efficiency-of-smith-purcell-radiators-using-nanophotonic-inverse-design.pdf | Collection Range. The measured Gaussian spectrum from Figure 3a can be explained by the limited numerical aperture of the collection fiber. Smith‚àíPurcell radiation that is emitted in the nonperpendicular direction is offset from the optical axis for collection. This leads to a loss in collection efficiency, which we ... | augmentation | NO | 0 |
Expert | What differences between time-domain and frequency-domain simulations affect predicted performance? | Time-domain (2D) simulations include finite structure length and transient effects, while frequency-domain (3D) assume infinite periodicity and ideal conditions, leading to differences in predicted spectral purity and power. | Reasoning | haeusler-et-al-2022-boosting-the-efficiency-of-smith-purcell-radiators-using-nanophotonic-inverse-design.pdf | METHODS Inverse Design. The inverse design optimization was carried out via an open-source Python package34 based on a 2D finite-difference frequency-domain (FDFD) simulation at the design angular frequency $\\omega$ corresponding to $\\lambda = 1 . 4 \\mu \\mathrm { m }$ . The simulation cell used for this purpose is ... | augmentation | NO | 0 |
Expert | What differences between time-domain and frequency-domain simulations affect predicted performance? | Time-domain (2D) simulations include finite structure length and transient effects, while frequency-domain (3D) assume infinite periodicity and ideal conditions, leading to differences in predicted spectral purity and power. | Reasoning | haeusler-et-al-2022-boosting-the-efficiency-of-smith-purcell-radiators-using-nanophotonic-inverse-design.pdf | Even in the regime of incoherent electrons, Smith‚àíPurcell radiation can be greatly enhanced by optimizing beam parameters (velocity and diameter) and grating properties (material and shape). The latter are generally limited by the chosen method of fabrication. Typical gratings for the generation of near-infrared, vis... | augmentation | NO | 0 |
IPAC | What does LYSO:Ce stand for? | Cerium-doped Lutetium-Yttrium Oxyorthosilicate | Definition | Addesa_2022_J._Inst._17_P08028.pdf | Table: Caption: Table 1: Parameters of the Proposed LANSCE Injector Body: <html><body><table><tr><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ions</td><td>H+/H</td></tr><tr><td>Ion sources extraction voltage</td><td>100 keV</td></tr><tr><td>RF Frequency</td><td>201.25 MHz</td></tr><tr><td>RFQ energy</td><td>3 MeV</td></tr><tr><td>Number ofR... | augmentation | NO | 0 |
IPAC | What does LYSO:Ce stand for? | Cerium-doped Lutetium-Yttrium Oxyorthosilicate | Definition | Addesa_2022_J._Inst._17_P08028.pdf | SUMMARY AND OUTLOOK This paper describes the current status of the far-field EOSD setup at KARA. The optics have now been adapted to easily switch from EOS to EOSD. The spectrometer setup has been improved. The effort to make the balanced detection on KALYPSO to work is in progress. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS [2] S. Funkner et a... | augmentation | NO | 0 |
IPAC | What does LYSO:Ce stand for? | Cerium-doped Lutetium-Yttrium Oxyorthosilicate | Definition | Addesa_2022_J._Inst._17_P08028.pdf | For over 30 years the PSB has been directly delivering beams to ISOLDE [4], a radioactive isotope facility at CERN. To satisfy the demands of ISOLDE for high-intensity beams, the PSB operated before LS2 in the space charge dominated regime with considerable beam losses at injection, also caused by the multi-turn inject... | augmentation | NO | 0 |
IPAC | What does LYSO:Ce stand for? | Cerium-doped Lutetium-Yttrium Oxyorthosilicate | Definition | Addesa_2022_J._Inst._17_P08028.pdf | $$ with $\\mathrm { E _ { b e a m } = 6 5 0 0 G e V }$ and $1 8 2 . 5 \\mathrm { G e V }$ and the bending radius $\\rho = 2 8 0 3 . 9 5 \\mathrm { m }$ and $1 0 7 6 0 \\mathrm { m }$ respectively for the LHC and the FCC. A correction factor is used to take into account the distance between the last dipole and the posit... | augmentation | NO | 0 |
expert | What does LYSO:Ce stand for? | Cerium-doped Lutetium-Yttrium Oxyorthosilicate | Definition | Addesa_2022_J._Inst._17_P08028.pdf | As example, the emission spectrum weighted for the transmittance is shown in figure 8 for the same crystal $\\# 6 6$ . The resulting spectrum provides the information necessary to optimize the coupling of the crystals with the light detection sensor. 4 Scintillation properties The light output $( L O )$ and the decay t... | 1 | NO | 0 |
expert | What does LYSO:Ce stand for? | Cerium-doped Lutetium-Yttrium Oxyorthosilicate | Definition | Addesa_2022_J._Inst._17_P08028.pdf | 4.1 Experimental setup, methods and tools Setup description. The experimental setup used for the measurement of the scintillation properties is shown in figure 9. It consists of a $5 1 \\mathrm { m m }$ diameter end window PMT (ET Enterprised model 9256B) placed inside a cylindrical box with a rectangular frame. The fr... | 1 | NO | 0 |
expert | What does LYSO:Ce stand for? | Cerium-doped Lutetium-Yttrium Oxyorthosilicate | Definition | Addesa_2022_J._Inst._17_P08028.pdf | Optical transmission spectra and photoluminescence properties were also studied for all producers. In particular, the evaluation of the relative concentration of the main crystal luminescence center $( \\mathrm { C e } ^ { 3 + } )$ was obtained from the transmission spectra. Its correlation with the light output $( L O... | 1 | NO | 0 |
expert | What does LYSO:Ce stand for? | Cerium-doped Lutetium-Yttrium Oxyorthosilicate | Definition | Addesa_2022_J._Inst._17_P08028.pdf | 6 crystals were measured in order to check the consistency of the measurement within the same producer. In total, 31 crystal bars were measured by the ICP-MS technique. The results showing the Yttrium content and its linear correlation with the measured mass density are reported in figure 4 (right). Measurements from a... | 2 | NO | 0 |
expert | What does LYSO:Ce stand for? | Cerium-doped Lutetium-Yttrium Oxyorthosilicate | Definition | Addesa_2022_J._Inst._17_P08028.pdf | the ratio between the amplitude of the Gaussian function and the sample width can be used for a relative estimation of the concentration of $\\mathrm { C e } ^ { 3 + }$ centers in the sample $( N _ { \\mathrm { C e } ^ { 3 + } } )$ . The fit function is effective for all the spectra, regardless of the Cerium doping and... | 1 | NO | 0 |
expert | What does LYSO:Ce stand for? | Cerium-doped Lutetium-Yttrium Oxyorthosilicate | Definition | Addesa_2022_J._Inst._17_P08028.pdf | 6 Scintillation properties at low temperature Due to its radiation hardness against photons and hadrons, LYSO:Ce can be employed for timing purposes in the harsh environment of the new generation particle colliders such as the HL-LHC. Here, to mitigate the impact of the radiation damage on the performance of the detect... | augmentation | NO | 0 |
expert | What does LYSO:Ce stand for? | Cerium-doped Lutetium-Yttrium Oxyorthosilicate | Definition | Addesa_2022_J._Inst._17_P08028.pdf | A Absorbance analytical expression in the approximation of multiple reflection between parallel crystal faces The absorbance is defined as: $$ A = 2 - \\log _ { 1 0 } T ( \\% ) $$ where $T$ corresponds, in the present study, to the measured optical transmission (transmittance). The transmittance is defined as the ratio... | augmentation | NO | 0 |
expert | What does LYSO:Ce stand for? | Cerium-doped Lutetium-Yttrium Oxyorthosilicate | Definition | Addesa_2022_J._Inst._17_P08028.pdf | 6.2 Results At least one crystal bar of the smallest geometry for each of the 12 producers was measured. Six measurement points have been acquired with temperatures ranging from $2 0 ^ { \\circ } \\mathrm { C }$ down to $- 3 0 ^ { \\circ } \\mathrm { C }$ . Lowering the temperature, both the $L O$ and $\\tau$ increase ... | augmentation | NO | 0 |
expert | What does LYSO:Ce stand for? | Cerium-doped Lutetium-Yttrium Oxyorthosilicate | Definition | Addesa_2022_J._Inst._17_P08028.pdf | Nevertheless, the figure of merit at $- 3 0 ^ { \\circ } \\mathrm { C }$ compared with the results obtained at $2 0 ^ { \\circ } \\mathrm { C }$ shows that lowering the operating temperature of the crystals can help to improve their timing performance. This holds true for all the producers and with a relative standard ... | augmentation | NO | 0 |
expert | What does LYSO:Ce stand for? | Cerium-doped Lutetium-Yttrium Oxyorthosilicate | Definition | Addesa_2022_J._Inst._17_P08028.pdf | After irradiation, all the crystals exhibited phosphorescence light with an approximate decay time of $2 { - } 3 \\mathrm { h }$ as estimated from the presence of a transient noise in the baseline of the PMT signal acquired $\\sim$ every hour for $1 2 \\mathrm { h }$ , displayed in figure 16. For this reason, the sampl... | augmentation | NO | 0 |
expert | What does LYSO:Ce stand for? | Cerium-doped Lutetium-Yttrium Oxyorthosilicate | Definition | Addesa_2022_J._Inst._17_P08028.pdf | In this case the PMT signal acquisition is triggered on the PMT signal itself using an optimal threshold. The charge is integrated in a 450 ns time window after the baseline subtraction. An example of charge spectra used to extract the $5 1 1 \\mathrm { k e V }$ photo-peak values is presented together with the correspo... | augmentation | NO | 0 |
expert | What does LYSO:Ce stand for? | Cerium-doped Lutetium-Yttrium Oxyorthosilicate | Definition | Addesa_2022_J._Inst._17_P08028.pdf | $\\tau$ dependency on the temperature is linear down to $- 3 0 ^ { \\circ } \\mathrm { C }$ only for 6 producers over 12 (regression coefficient $\\mathrm { R > 0 . 8 5 }$ ) and in general the variation with temperature is smaller than for the $L O$ . In figure 20 (top) the linear dependency of $\\tau$ for producer 5 i... | augmentation | NO | 0 |
expert | What does LYSO:Ce stand for? | Cerium-doped Lutetium-Yttrium Oxyorthosilicate | Definition | Addesa_2022_J._Inst._17_P08028.pdf | The reproducibility of the $L O$ and $\\tau$ measurements was estimated repeating them daily over one month using a reference crystal and it was found to be $4 \\%$ and better than $1 \\%$ , respectively. 4.2 Measurement results The $L O$ and $\\tau$ measurement results are averaged over the 15 crystals provided by eac... | augmentation | NO | 0 |
expert | What does LYSO:Ce stand for? | Cerium-doped Lutetium-Yttrium Oxyorthosilicate | Definition | Addesa_2022_J._Inst._17_P08028.pdf | File Name:Addesa_2022_J._Inst._17_P08028.pdf Comparative characterization study of LYSO:Ce crystals for timing applications To cite this article: F.M. Addesa etal2022 JINST17 P08028 View the article online for updates and enhancements. You may also like Comparison of acrylic polymer adhesive tapes and silicone optical ... | augmentation | NO | 0 |
expert | What does LYSO:Ce stand for? | Cerium-doped Lutetium-Yttrium Oxyorthosilicate | Definition | Addesa_2022_J._Inst._17_P08028.pdf | Table: Caption: Table 3. $\\mathrm { C e } ^ { 3 + }$ relative concentration $( N _ { \\mathrm { C e } ^ { 3 + } } )$ reported per crystal sample. The uncertainty of the $N _ { \\mathrm { C e } ^ { 3 + } }$ corresponds to the stability of the fit procedure $( 6 \\% )$ . In the last column of the table, information abou... | augmentation | NO | 0 |
expert | What does LYSO:Ce stand for? | Cerium-doped Lutetium-Yttrium Oxyorthosilicate | Definition | Addesa_2022_J._Inst._17_P08028.pdf | 7 Discussion A set of 15 small crystal bars $( 3 m m \\times 3 m m \\times 5 7 m m )$ from 12 different producers were studied and compared with respect to a set of properties and performance fundamental for HEP applications with a special focus on timing applications. All producers are shown to have mastered the cutti... | augmentation | NO | 0 |
IPAC | What does OTR mean? | Optical Transition Radiation | Definition | Hermann_et_al._-_2021_-_Electron_beam_transverse_phase_space_tomography_using_nanofabricated_wire_scanners_with_submicromete.pdf | File Name:ONLINE_FIT_OF_AN_ANALYTICAL_RESPONSE_MATRIX_MODEL_FOR.pdf ONLINE FIT OF AN ANALYTICAL RESPONSE MATRIX MODEL FOR ORBIT CORRECTION AND OPTICAL FUNCTION MEASUREMENT S. Kötter ∗, E. Blomley, E. Bründermann, A. Santamaria Garcia, M. Schuh, A-S. Müller Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, German... | augmentation | NO | 0 |
IPAC | What does OTR mean? | Optical Transition Radiation | Definition | Hermann_et_al._-_2021_-_Electron_beam_transverse_phase_space_tomography_using_nanofabricated_wire_scanners_with_submicromete.pdf | insulation, pressure relief, • materials, ventilation, oxygen detectors and alarm systems (Fig. 2), and interlock devices. Administrative controls Some administrative controls for ODH areas are warning signs, training programs, and safety device testing. One critical administrative control for areas with ODH class 2 ... | augmentation | NO | 0 |
IPAC | What does OTR mean? | Optical Transition Radiation | Definition | Hermann_et_al._-_2021_-_Electron_beam_transverse_phase_space_tomography_using_nanofabricated_wire_scanners_with_submicromete.pdf | As the compaction is reduced, the areas of stable longitudinal phase space are modified and new stable fixed points, so-called alpha buckets, are formed at non-zero $\\delta$ and at a phase of $\\pi$ with respect to the RF bucket. For a given lattice, there exists a maximally-stable configuration which particles can po... | augmentation | NO | 0 |
IPAC | What does OTR mean? | Optical Transition Radiation | Definition | Hermann_et_al._-_2021_-_Electron_beam_transverse_phase_space_tomography_using_nanofabricated_wire_scanners_with_submicromete.pdf | File Name:HIGH_ORDER_MODE_ANALYSIS_IN_ENERGY_RECOVERY_LINAC_BASED.pdf HIGH ORDER MODE ANALYSIS IN ENERGY RECOVERY LINAC BASED ON AN ENERGY BUDGET MODEL S. Samsam‚àó, M. Rossetti Conti, A.R. Rossi, A. Bacci, V. Petrillo1, I. Drebot, M. Ruijter, D. Sertore, R. Paparella, A. Bosotti, D. Giove and L. Serafini INFN - Sezion... | augmentation | NO | 0 |
expert | What does OTR mean? | Optical Transition Radiation | Definition | Hermann_et_al._-_2021_-_Electron_beam_transverse_phase_space_tomography_using_nanofabricated_wire_scanners_with_submicromete.pdf | APPENDIX C: RECONSTRUCTION OF NON-GAUSSIAN BEAMS Our particle based tomographic reconstruction algorithm does not assume any specific shape for the density profile. Therefore, asymmetric density variations, such as tails of a localized core can be reconstructed. To demonstrate this capability of our tomographic techniq... | 1 | NO | 0 |
expert | What does OTR mean? | Optical Transition Radiation | Definition | Hermann_et_al._-_2021_-_Electron_beam_transverse_phase_space_tomography_using_nanofabricated_wire_scanners_with_submicromete.pdf | Table: Caption: TABLE I. Normalized emittance $\\varepsilon _ { n }$ , Twiss $\\beta$ -function at the waist $\\beta ^ { * }$ , and corresponding beam size $\\sigma ^ { * }$ of the reconstructed transverse phase space distribution. Body: <html><body><table><tr><td></td><td>εn (nm rad)</td><td>β*(cm)</td><td>0* (μm)... | 1 | NO | 0 |
IPAC | What does OTR mean? | Optical Transition Radiation | Definition | Hermann_et_al._-_2021_-_Electron_beam_transverse_phase_space_tomography_using_nanofabricated_wire_scanners_with_submicromete.pdf | CONCLUSION The RSFM analysis built into the online model produces reliable beta function and tune estimates and gives access to an analytical ORM representation that can be used for orbit correction. The deviation of the fitted beta function estimates from an OCELOT optics model in the peaks and oscillations appearing ... | 1 | NO | 0 |
IPAC | What does OTR mean? | Optical Transition Radiation | Definition | Hermann_et_al._-_2021_-_Electron_beam_transverse_phase_space_tomography_using_nanofabricated_wire_scanners_with_submicromete.pdf | This distribution depends on the radiator tilt angle with respect to the particle trajectory, $\\psi$ , the material properties and the particle energy. The light emission is typically anisotropic. The theoretical angular distribution created by a single particle with $\\beta = 0 . 1 9 5$ striking a smooth glassy carbo... | 1 | NO | 0 |
IPAC | What does OTR mean? | Optical Transition Radiation | Definition | Hermann_et_al._-_2021_-_Electron_beam_transverse_phase_space_tomography_using_nanofabricated_wire_scanners_with_submicromete.pdf | Of particular interest are investigations into TR from targets with rough surfaces. It was recently found that the spectral density of the radiation energy is influenced by the optical constants of the material, the surface roughness, and the angle at which electrons strike the material [5]. There, a significant amount... | 1 | NO | 0 |
IPAC | What does OTR mean? | Optical Transition Radiation | Definition | Hermann_et_al._-_2021_-_Electron_beam_transverse_phase_space_tomography_using_nanofabricated_wire_scanners_with_submicromete.pdf | DISCUSSION AND FUTURE PLANS End-to-end OTR simulations will be an important next step to demonstrate the viability of the MLA and DMD methods. Measurements with a laser source will also provide a reliable cross-check value across the DMD and MLA systems. Despite the di!raction limit, the result will be reproducible if ... | 1 | NO | 0 |
expert | What does OTR mean? | Optical Transition Radiation | Definition | Hermann_et_al._-_2021_-_Electron_beam_transverse_phase_space_tomography_using_nanofabricated_wire_scanners_with_submicromete.pdf | ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We would like to express our gratitude to the SwissFEL operations crew, the PSI expert groups, and the entire ACHIP collaboration for their support with these experiments. We would like to thank Thomas Schietinger for careful proofreading of the manuscript. This research is supported by the Gordon and B... | augmentation | NO | 0 |
expert | What does OTR mean? | Optical Transition Radiation | Definition | Hermann_et_al._-_2021_-_Electron_beam_transverse_phase_space_tomography_using_nanofabricated_wire_scanners_with_submicromete.pdf | APPENDIX B: TERMINATION CRITERIONFOR RECONSTRUCTION ALGORITHM The algorithm to reconstruct the phase space from wire scan measurements iteratively approximates the distribution that fits best to all measurements (see Sec. III). The iteration is stopped when a criterion based on the relative change from the current to t... | augmentation | NO | 0 |
expert | What does OTR mean? | Optical Transition Radiation | Definition | Hermann_et_al._-_2021_-_Electron_beam_transverse_phase_space_tomography_using_nanofabricated_wire_scanners_with_submicromete.pdf | $$ Afterwards, the histogram of the particles’ transported and rotated $x$ coordinates is calculated. Note that the bin width needs to be smaller than the width of the wire, to ensure an accurate convolution with the wire profile. This becomes important when the beam size or beam features are smaller than the wire wi... | augmentation | NO | 0 |
expert | What does OTR mean? | Optical Transition Radiation | Definition | Hermann_et_al._-_2021_-_Electron_beam_transverse_phase_space_tomography_using_nanofabricated_wire_scanners_with_submicromete.pdf | In the last step of each iteration, a small random value is added to each coordinate according to the Gaussian kernel defined in Eq. (2). This smoothes the distribution on the scale of $\\rho$ . For the reconstruction of the measurement presented in Sec. IV, $\\rho _ { x , y }$ was set to $8 0 \\ \\mathrm { n m }$ . Th... | augmentation | NO | 0 |
expert | What does OTR mean? | Optical Transition Radiation | Definition | Hermann_et_al._-_2021_-_Electron_beam_transverse_phase_space_tomography_using_nanofabricated_wire_scanners_with_submicromete.pdf | V. DISCUSSION The reconstructed phase space represents the average distribution of many shots, since shot-to-shot fluctuations in the density cannot be characterized with multishot measurements like wire scans. Errors induced by total bunch charge fluctuations and position jitter of the electron beam could be corrected... | augmentation | NO | 0 |
expert | What does OTR mean? | Optical Transition Radiation | Definition | Hermann_et_al._-_2021_-_Electron_beam_transverse_phase_space_tomography_using_nanofabricated_wire_scanners_with_submicromete.pdf | File Name:Hermann_et_al._-_2021_-_Electron_beam_transverse_phase_space_tomography_using_nanofabricated_wire_scanners_with_submicromete.pdf Electron beam transverse phase space tomography using nanofabricated wire scanners with submicrometer resolution Benedikt Hermann ,1,3,\\* Vitaliy A. Guzenko,1 Orell R. Hürzeler,1 ... | augmentation | NO | 0 |
expert | What does OTR mean? | Optical Transition Radiation | Definition | Hermann_et_al._-_2021_-_Electron_beam_transverse_phase_space_tomography_using_nanofabricated_wire_scanners_with_submicromete.pdf | B. ACHIP chamber The ACHIP chamber at SwissFEL is a multi-purpose test chamber, designed and built for DLA research. It is located in the switch-yard of SwissFEL, where the electron beam has an energy of around $3 . 2 \\mathrm { G e V . }$ The electron beam is focused by an in-vacuum quadrupole triplet and matched back... | augmentation | NO | 0 |
expert | What does OTR mean? | Optical Transition Radiation | Definition | Hermann_et_al._-_2021_-_Electron_beam_transverse_phase_space_tomography_using_nanofabricated_wire_scanners_with_submicromete.pdf | 2. Amplitude errors Jitter to the BLM signal is introduced by read-out noise of the PMT $( < 1 \\% )$ , charge fluctuations of the machine and halo-particles scattering at other elements of the accelerator. The charge measured by the BPMs fluctuated by $1 . 3 \\%$ (rms) during the measurement. The signal-to-noise ratio... | augmentation | NO | 0 |
expert | What does OTR mean? | Optical Transition Radiation | Definition | Hermann_et_al._-_2021_-_Electron_beam_transverse_phase_space_tomography_using_nanofabricated_wire_scanners_with_submicromete.pdf | D. Beam loss monitor Electrons scatter off the atomic nuclei of the metallic wire and a particle shower containing mainly x-rays, electrons and positrons is generated. The intensity of the secondary particle shower depends on the electron density integrated along the wire and is measured with a downstream beam loss mon... | augmentation | NO | 0 |
expert | What does OTR mean? | Optical Transition Radiation | Definition | Hermann_et_al._-_2021_-_Electron_beam_transverse_phase_space_tomography_using_nanofabricated_wire_scanners_with_submicromete.pdf | The reconstructed normalized emittances are up to a factor of two larger than the normalized emittances measured after the second bunch compressor. This emittance increase can be attributed to various reasons. Within a distance of $1 0 3 \\mathrm { ~ m ~ }$ the electron beam is accelerated from $2 . 3 { \\mathrm { G e ... | augmentation | NO | 0 |
expert | What effect does reducing the corrugation period have? | reduces peak surface fields, heating & HOMs | Summary | Design_of_a_cylindrical_corrugated_waveguide.pdf.pdf | $$ where $$ x ^ { \\prime } = \\frac { x } { \\hat { a } } , \\qquad y ^ { \\prime } = \\frac { y } { \\hat { a } } , \\qquad z ^ { \\prime } = \\frac { z } { \\hat { a } } , \\qquad \\omega ^ { \\prime } = \\frac { \\omega } { \\hat { a } } . $$ Scaling the fields by $\\hat { a } ^ { - 3 / 2 }$ keeps the stored energy... | 1 | Yes | 0 |
expert | What effect does reducing the corrugation period have? | reduces peak surface fields, heating & HOMs | Summary | Design_of_a_cylindrical_corrugated_waveguide.pdf.pdf | Comparing the maximum radii and unequal radii rounded corrugation peak fields in Figs. 10 and 11, we note that the two geometry types are identical when the spacing parameter $\\xi = 0$ and the sidewall parameter $\\zeta = 1$ . In both structure types, the minimum $E _ { \\mathrm { m a x } }$ occurs for a negative spac... | 4 | Yes | 1 |
expert | What effect does reducing the corrugation period have? | reduces peak surface fields, heating & HOMs | Summary | Design_of_a_cylindrical_corrugated_waveguide.pdf.pdf | The condition for vertical sidewalls is $\\zeta = 1$ and $d > p / 2$ . Preventing a self-intersecting geometry requires both the width of the tooth and vacuum gap to be less than the corrugation period, as well as a sufficiently large corrugation depth when $\\zeta > 1$ to ensure positive length of the inner tangent li... | 2 | Yes | 0 |
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