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626f70d0-17dc-4902-881a-3df61f210f06 | Not true about experimental study - | Always prospective | Unethical to use in animal | Can not be double blinded in animal trials | Interim analysis is permitted | 1b | multi | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Unethical to use in animal Experimental epidemiology (Epidemiological Experiments) Experimental epidemiology is also called trial. Broadly speaking, a trial refers to putting something to a test. This allows the term to be used in reference to a test of a treatment for the sick or a test of a preventi... | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
5995b0bf-e454-4917-ba81-2053a4a26cc4 | Appearance of Breast bud is known as: March 2013 | Menarche | Thelarche | Pubarche | Anarche | 1b | single | Ans. B i.e. Thelarche Thelarche is the onset of secondary (postnatal) breast development, usually occurring at the beginning of pubey in girls. | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
3831c897-090e-48df-b5cb-fb5fde4010e8 | A patient presents in emergency in shock, with a history off fleshy mass protruding from vagina with heavy bleeding PV. She had history of delivery at home 1 hour back by a health worker with a history of difficulty in placental removal and 'Uterine handling'. Most probable diagnosis is? | Atonic PPH | Uterine inversion | Fibroid polyp | Cervical tear | 1b | single | Uterine inversion presents after excessive traction on cord for pulling out the placenta, which leads to paial or complete inversion of uterus. It is usually associated with PPH and may result in shock (hemorrhagic and neurogenic. However more common cause of moality is hemorrhagic) if treatment is delayed. | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Labour - III |
33887d76-cfe3-498f-a8bc-0e5f65f4abaa | A 60 kg man has haematocrit of 40%. His plasma volume would be approximately: | 2.4 L | 2.9 L | 3.6 L | 5.0 L | 1b | single | Plasma volume = Total blood volume * (1 - Hematocrit) The total blood volume is about 8% of body weight Blood volume of 60 kg man = 0.08 * 60 = 4.8 L Plasma volume = total blood volume * (1-hematocrit) = 4.8 * (1-0.40) = 4.8 * 0.60 = 2.88 L Also, about 60% of the blood is plasma and 40% is RBCs Thus, plasma = 5% of bod... | Physiology | Body fluid compaments |
cbb4c34d-a9db-42a3-8db3-8a9405117256 | A 17-year-old patient is referred by his GP after presenting with periorbital oedema. The patient noticed the oedematous eyes 3 days ago, but repos feeling unwell since a throat infection 3 weeks ago with nausea and vomiting in the last week. A urine dipstick is positive for protein and blood while serum creatinine and... | Nephrotic syndrome | Nephritic syndrome | Post streptococcal GN | Von Grawitz tumour | 2c | single | C. (post strep. GN). This patient is suffering from post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (C), which forms pa of the nephritic syndrome consisting of haematuria (micro- or macroscopic), hypeension, proteinuria and oedema. In severe cases, oliguria and uraemia can also occur. Patients usually suffer form a streptococcal... | Surgery | null |
dca0925a-bc24-4ace-abfd-48666fcbb607 | A 45 year old male presents to OPD with acute abdominal pain. On examination it seems to have spread to retroperitoneal structure. Which of the following is most likely to get affected | Stomach | Transverse colon | Jejunum | Descending colon | 3d | single | The descending colon is a retroperitoneal organ. The rest of the organs are surrounded by peritoneum. Other retroperitoneal organs are: - Pancreas, Duodenum, Ascending colon, Descending colon, Middle third of the rectum | Anatomy | Abdominal wall ,Inguinal and Femoral region |
04c9d3ec-718e-4d4b-8504-9c19e065f0f3 | If biochemical test gives the same reading of early sample on reputed testing, it is inferred that the measurement is- | Precise | Accurate | Specific | Sensitive | 0a | single | . biochemical test gives the same reading of early sample on reputed testing, it is inferred that the measurement is-precise. ref:park&;s textbook ,22 nd edition,pg no 22 | Social & Preventive Medicine | Screening |
70b60f0c-4ae5-4144-b7e2-23d7dfcc4c64 | Which of the following has highest electrophoretic mobility and least lipid content: | Chylomicrons | HDL | LDL | VLDL | 1b | single | B i.e. HDL | Biochemistry | null |
3bd16bdf-b7ea-460e-ae85-f8bf61e816c1 | Which of the following NSAID does not having antiinflammatory activity? | Ketorolac | Diclofenac | Mefenamic acid | Acetaminophen | 3d | single | All NSAIDs, including selective COX-2 inhibitors, are antipyretic, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory, with the exception of acetaminophen, which is antipyretic and analgesic but is largely devoid of anti-inflammatory activity. Ref: Grosser T., Smyth E. (2011). Chapter 34. Anti-inflammatory, Antipyretic, and Analgesic Ag... | Pharmacology | null |
05a13819-0d45-443f-9829-cf990a68fd3d | Somatostatin is secreted by : | D-cell | A-cell | B-cell | Dl-cell | 0a | single | Ans. is A D-cell (Ref Ganong, 20/e, p. 339). Delta cells secrete - somatostatin* Beta cells secrete - insulin* Alpha cells of pancreas - glucagon* | Medicine | Miscellaneous (Endocrinology) |
cf73ca18-b3f3-49d1-baab-0b60e4f75a46 | Lancefield classification based on: | M protein | Carbohydrate antigen | Cell wall peptidogglycan | T protein | 1b | multi | Carbohydrate antigen | Microbiology | null |
709abe55-9e4e-4429-89f4-a116bd3c4d64 | Percentage of offspring affected by colour blindness when a healthy male and heterozygous female marry | 0 | 25% | 50% | 100% | 1b | single | null | Medicine | null |
4d4a0a84-bf42-4320-b3ba-04d712b9105b | All of the following are associated with pathogenesis of acute hydrops fetalis except: September 2009 | Hypoproteinemia | Anemia | Hypoplasia of placental tissue | Metabolic acidosis | 2c | multi | Ans. C: Hypoplasia of Placental Tissue Several hypotheses regarding the pathophysiologic events that lead to fetal hydrops have been suggested. The basic mechanism for the formation of fetal hydrops is an imbalance of interstitial fluid production and the lymphatic return. The fetus is paicularly susceptible to interst... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
d1fe97ca-cace-4717-9f8e-45b0058853e3 | To provide anesthesia to a patient in the third stage of labor, an obstetrician palpates the ischial spine transvaginally, then injects a local anesthetic. Injection of anesthetic at this approximate location will most likely block which of the following nerves? | Inferior gluteal nerve | Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve | Obturator nerve | Pudendal nerve | 3d | multi | The pudendal nerve is often anesthetized to provide obstetric anesthesia (although epidural blocks are now more commonly used in preparation for delivery). The pudendal nerve arises from sacral segments 2, 3, and 4. It exits the pelvis by way of the greater sciatic foramen and then courses around the ischial spine (and... | Anatomy | null |
953629ea-6c74-4bf5-a94c-60bcb37c8394 | Centrally acting antihypeensive drug is ? | Phenoxybenzamine | Methy ldopa | Propanolol | Prazosin | 1b | multi | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Methyldopa o Centrally acting sympatholytic antihypeensives are clonidine, methyldopa, guanabenz, guanfacine, moxonidine and rilmenidine. | Pharmacology | null |
64d7d805-c369-422b-af10-548cda6a1692 | Cyanosis does not occur in severe anemia because | Hypoxia stimulates erythropoietin secretion | Oxygen carrying capacity of available Hb is increased | Critical concentration of Hb required to produce cyanosis is reduced | Oxygen Dissociation Curve shifts to right | 2c | single | Because reduced Hb is purple, a low aerial O2 saturation causes cyanosis. However, this is not a reliable sign of mild desaturation because its recognition depends on so many variables, such as lighting conditions and skin pigmentation. Because it is the amount of reduced Hb that is impoant, cyanosis is often marked wh... | Physiology | Respiratory system |
7e34cbba-ede9-4a14-bfd5-7765a5c630bb | Daily depressed mood for minimum ________ weeks is must to classify someone as suffering from major depression disease - | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 1b | single | Symptoms of depression should be present for at least 2 weeks. | Psychiatry | null |
b3c7e831-adad-462b-b5fa-c5435bdc27e0 | A person on fat free, carbohydrate-rich diet, continues to grow obese. Which lipoprotein is increased in this person's blood: | LDL | HDL | VLDL | Chylomicrons | 2c | single | Carbohydrate-rich diet will lead to increase in Acetyl CoA production, which will lead to synthesis of fats in body. These fats are endogenous fat, which are transpoed in the form of VLDL. ADDITIONAL EDGE: When exogenous fat (fat directly from diet) is taken then it is transpoed in the form of chylomicrons. Atkin's die... | Biochemistry | Lipoproteins |
92e76a23-a7a9-4b09-9670-3d0c956aa292 | The following is part of Hamstrings - | Semimembranous | Gracilis | Short head of biceps femoris | Sartorius | 0a | single | Ans. (a) SemimembranousRef.: BDC 6th ed. vol. II / 83* Hamstring muscles are - Semimembranosus, semiten- dinosus, long head of biceps femoris and ischial head of adductor magnus. | Anatomy | Posterior Compartment of Thigh & Popliteal Fossa |
b763df11-ae18-41c5-97d1-fb467d47a94c | A 58-year-old man whom you have followed dies suddenly, spurring you into doing some research on sudden death. Which of the following is the most likely cause for this individual? | extensive coronary atherosclerosis | electrolyte disturbance | pulmonary embolism | acute stroke | 0a | single | Sudden death, defined as death within 1 hour of onset of symptoms, is usually caused by cardiac disease in middle-aged and elderly patients, but in younger age groups noncardiac causes predominate. There is a bimodal distribution in the population, with the first peak before 6 months of age (sudden infant death syndrom... | Medicine | C.V.S. |
2b815900-eb5e-4b39-b6e7-7d226deffadf | Laparoscopy is the diagnostic procedure of choice for: March 2008 | Ca uterus | Ca cervix | Ca rectum | Endometriosis | 3d | single | Ans. D: Endometriosis Indications for gynaecological laparoscopy include the following: Ovarian cysts and tumours. Removal of fibroids (Myomectomy).or destroying them (Myolysis) Infeility, lysis of adhesions. Infeility, checking the condition and patency of the fallopian tubes. Reproductive or tubal surgery Endometrios... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
a4b465cc-3565-4939-b101-986f525a37df | All of the following brace are used in scoliosis except? | Milwaukee | Risser | Boston's | Minerva | 3d | multi | Minerva cast is used in cervical spine | Orthopaedics | Fracture Management |
4083d4b2-e584-4a18-9210-03a105af1b23 | Regarding Natural Killer Cell, all are true except? | It is activated by IL-2 | CD-56 positive | Antibody induced proliferation | Variant of large lymphocyte | 2c | multi | Natural Killer Cells (or NK cells) are a type of cytotoxic lymphocyte critical to the innate immune system.
NK cells play is analogous to that of cytotoxic T cells in the vertebrate adaptive immune response.
CD 56 and CD 16 positive.
Special action against viruses and tumor cells. | Microbiology | null |
0c5b688d-e720-4bc9-93dd-835ecdfd1611 | Borders of Gastrinoma triangle are all except: | Cystic duct CBD junction | Duodenum 2nd and 3rd part junction | Tail of pancreas | Neck of pancreas | 2c | multi | Ans. (c) Tail of pancreasRef: Sabiston 20th edition Page 952Passaro triangle* 70-90% Gastrinomas are located in this triangle | Surgery | Pancreas |
1be04ec6-c0d7-46b3-aa82-57cc4a90e480 | the most common pathology of acute renal failure ? | DPGN | RPGN | ATN | allergic interstitial nephritis | 3d | multi | Acute renal failure (ARF) - acute kidney injury AK1 is a sudden and usually reversible loss of renal function which develops over days or weeks and is usually accompanied by a reduction in urine volume. - A rasied creatinine level can be due to acute, acute on chronic of chronic kidney disease. Treatment of Acute Renal... | Medicine | All India exam |
5c9e07db-21ab-48df-8569-69f7b02438ee | Osteoclasts are inhibited / modified and regulated by: | Parathyroid hormone | Calcitonin | 1,25 - dihydroxycholecalciferol | Tumour necrosis factor | 1b | single | null | Physiology | null |
0c7baec6-73c4-4e5f-9e3f-52fc37e89888 | A farmer rearing sheep, presented with complaints of fever and weakness for the last one month. There is generalised lymphadenopathy. There was also associated hepatomegaly. Biopsy of liver showed non caseating granuloma. These are most likely due to infection with: | Yersinia pestis | Brucella Canis | Francisella tularensis | Brucella melitensis | 3d | single | B. melitensis, which is the most common cause of symptomatic disease in humans and for which the main sources are sheep, goats, and camels. Overall, the presentation of brucellosis often fits one of three patterns: febrile illness that resembles typhoid but is less severe; fever and acute monoahritis, typically of the ... | Microbiology | null |
5a7664b3-049f-4d92-b900-d80b1b3ec9f1 | All of the following statements are true EXCEPT: | Cervix is lined by stratified squamous epithelium | Cervix is lined by transitional epithelium | It gets its blood supply from uterine artery | Vagina is lined by nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium. | 1b | multi | Ans. B Cervix is lined by transitional epitheliumRef: Grays, 41sted. pg. 295* The epithelial lining of cervix is varied. Ectocervix is composed of non keratined stratified squamous epithelium and endocervix is composed of simple columnar epithelium.* Blood supply of cervix-descending cervical branch of uterine artery.E... | Anatomy | Abdomen & Pelvis |
c7f073dd-a12e-4ba8-b1da-094ce36af0e3 | Which of the following bacteria is known as Ebe Gaffky bacillus | Klebsiella | H. Aegypticus | Salmonella typhi | Corynebacterium | 2c | single | Klebsiella Friedlander's bacilli H.Aegypticus Koch week's bacilli Salmonella typhi Ebe gaffky bacilli Corynebacterium Kleb- Loeffler bacilli | Microbiology | Systemic Bacteriology (Gram Positive Bacilli, Gram Negative Bacilli) |
5a4727aa-cf71-4f1b-91ab-8ae0a87c1050 | Which of the following condition is associated with meconium ileus? | Fibrocystic disease of pancreas | Liver aplasia | Cirrhosis of liver | Malnutrition | 0a | single | Meconium ileus is a neonatal manifestation of cystic fibrosis (also known as fibrocystic disease of pancreas). In cystic fibrosis there is pancreatic enzyme deficiency and abnormal chloride secretion in the intestine that results in the production of viscous water- poor meconium. Meconium ileus results because of impac... | Surgery | null |
44cd1462-2a78-4009-8a26-52c42dce3f01 | A 78 year old male is admitted with chest pain. His ECG shows widespread ST depression in all leads except aVR which shows ST elevation. Whilst in ER, he passes melaena and on fuher questioning, gave history of altered bowel habit, weight loss and dark stools for 2-3 months. O/E he is pale, pulse rate is 115 bpm and BP... | Aggressive treatment with dual antiplatelets | Packed RBC transfusion | Nitrates to relieve ischemia | Beta blocker to slow hea rate and reduce ischaemia | 1b | multi | Dx is NSTEMI : Type 2 MI (due to Anemia) Option A : No, as he is already having GI bleeding, so antiplatelet therapy is not given. Option B : Yes, packed RBC transfusion is useful for anemia component to | oxyhemoglobin. Option C : Nitrates are C/I if Systolic B.P <80 mm Hg Option D : He's already having hypotension & ... | Medicine | Emergency Clinical Scenario |
2b64005c-7ac8-4bae-b674-6ecafd5eb113 | Jumping genes are also known as | Plasmids | Oncogenes | Transposons | Introns | 2c | single | Transposons are called as Jumping genes as they can jump from one chromosome locus to another. | Biochemistry | null |
08e1d184-85ab-408b-ad64-200a7a65f5c3 | Danbury tremors seen in which chronic poisoning | Arsenic | Lead | Mercury | Zinc | 2c | single | Mercurial tremors The hands are first affected. There will be tremors of the hands called Danbury tremors. It may progress to lips, tongue, arms, and legs. The tremors are moderately coarse and intentional to sta with and are interspersed by jerky movements. The advanced condition is called hatter's shake or glass blow... | Anatomy | Poisoning |
30021379-a757-45db-b3f0-a2f7ea7e8be8 | Clara cells are found in : | Trachea | Bronchioles | Alveoli | Oesophagus | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' i.e. Bronchioles Different parts of the respiratory tracts have distinctive histological features :Clara cells are found in-bronchioles*Goblet cells are found in-Bronchi*Mucous gland are found in-Bronchi*Neuroendocrine cells-Bronchi*Mural cartilage-Bronchi*Part rich in secretory immuno globin-Bronchioles*Po... | Anatomy | Respiratory System (Histology) |
85b52a7d-3c88-45a5-b2ac-fc58c517bc59 | Break bone fever is cuased by - | Variola | Coxsackie | Arbovirus | Adenovirus | 2c | single | Break bone fever is caused by the dengue virus. REF:<\p>ANATHANARAYANAN MICROBIOLOGY NINTH EDITION PAGE.523 | Microbiology | Virology |
ae4c6c05-1a3c-4f1b-8b51-1f8961e015de | Non Palpable purpura is seen in A/E | H. S. Purpura | Drug induced vasculitis | Idiopathic thrombocyto penic purpura | Amyloid | 0a | single | A i.e. H. S. Purpura | Skin | null |
1f063a8d-7e29-477b-b82d-d4292ae2effb | Composition of Sodalime is: NaOH Ca(OH)2 KOH | 4% 95% 1% | 5`)/0 90`)/0 10/0 | 80% 20% | 15% 84% 1% | 1b | single | 15% 84% 1% | Anaesthesia | null |
5b961ce0-8af8-448a-b76d-df87a85e1308 | The initial response to iron therapy in a child suffering from iron-deficiency anemia is | Reticulocytosis | Replacement of intracellular iron enzymes | Initial bone marrow response | Erythroid hyperplasia | 1b | single | Response to iron therapy can be documented by an increase in reticulocytes 5-10 days after the initiation of iron therapy. The hemoglobin concentration increases by about 1 g/dL weekly until normal values are restored Replacement of intracellular iron enzymes Ref essential paediatrics op ghai 9e | Pediatrics | Hematology |
45c30033-9655-476a-9f9f-6d39b3e2ca95 | Which of the following drug can lead to given below condition | Vancamycin | Phenytoin | Valproate | Amiodarone | 3d | single | Amiodarone can lead to bluish discolouration of skin, also called as "Blue man syndrome". | Pharmacology | null |
b7b3ccaa-a55e-40ce-9bb5-85184c5dd8cf | Which drug is suitable for epilepsy related to a brain tumor? | Levetiracetam | Phenytoin | Carbamazepine | Phenobarbitone | 0a | single | In epilepsy caused by brain tumor, agent of choice is those drugs that do not induce hepatic microsomal enzyme system. Drugs such as : Levetiracetam Topiramate Lamotrigine Valproic acid Lacosamide. | Medicine | Epilepsy and EEG |
b95b8f46-1398-450c-8042-c960bbd99086 | Butterfly rash is seen in | Systemic lupus erythematosus | Erythema marginatum | Lupus gulgaris | Erythema nodosum | 0a | single | (A) Systemic lupus erythematosus # SLE:> Characteristic Malar (Butterfly) rash seen as fixed erythematous rash over the cheeks, & bridge of nose (photosensitive but scarring is absent) Patchy scalp hair loss is seen & Hair usually regrow in SLE (but not in DLE) Raynaud's phenomenon is present in 10%; Antibodies against... | Skin | Miscellaneous |
302ed724-9880-4390-8930-65205f9ef125 | Juxtaglomerular apparatus lies in relation to the following structure and have secretory function: | Proximal convoluted tubule | Ascending loop of Henle | Descending loop of Henle | Glomerulus | 3d | single | At the point where the afferent aeriole enters the glomerulus and the efferent aeriole leaves it, the tubule of the nephron touches the aerioles of the glomerulus from which it arose. At this location, which marks the sta of the distal convolution, there is a modified region of tubular epithelium called the macula dens... | Physiology | null |
0b8610fe-9649-46cf-ab76-798378070847 | All of the following substances are added to the urine by means of tubular secretion, except | Potassium | Hydrogen ion | Urea | Creatinine | 2c | multi | null | Medicine | null |
af06fe1a-8466-479c-9419-c668fcd61632 | Kerion is: March 2009 | Viral infection | Fungal infection | Bacterial infection | Parasitic infection | 1b | single | Ans. B: Fungal Infection Kerion is severe form of tinea capitis, in which well-circumscribed pas of the scalp are transformed into a painful, boggy, inflamed, confluent mass with loosened hair (easy pluckability), purulent folliculitis, crusting, often with lymphadenopathy It is commonly due to a zoophilic dermatophyte... | Skin | null |
a250c266-37a4-4ceb-8f79-148c76c6d9e5 | Burning sensation in middle finger Triceps Reflex is weak Slip disc? | C6-C7 | C5-C6 | C3-C4 | C2-C3 | 0a | single | HERNIATED DISC B/W COMPRESSED NERVE ROOT DERMATOME AFFECTED MUSCLES AFFECTED MOVEMENT WEAKNESS NERVE AND REFLEX INVOLVED C6 and C7 C7 C7 middle finger Triceps wrist extensors extension of forearm extension of wrist radial nerve | triceps jerk | Anatomy | Back region |
b460a831-6fd1-4de7-acb9-6a337d44e908 | A 70-year-old patient with long-standing type 2 diabetes mellitus presents with complaints of pain in the left, ear with purulent drainage. On physical examination, the patient is afebrile. The pinna of the left ear is tender, and the external auditory canal is swollen and edematous. The white blood cell count is norma... | Pseudomonas aeruginosa | Streptococcus pneumoniae | Candida albicans | Haemophilus influenzae | 0a | single | Ear pain and drainage in an elderly diabetic patient must raise concern about malignant external otitis. The swelling and inflammation of the external auditory meatus strongly suggest this diagnosis. This infection usually occurs in older, poorly controlled diabetics and is almost always caused by P aeruginosa. It can ... | Medicine | Infection |
409a9551-1ff1-491a-9ff8-4310634ba642 | The relation between current, electromotive forces and resistance in a circuit by Ohm's law is stated as | i = E/R | i = R/E | i = RE | All of the above | 0a | multi | Ohm’s law
For electric current flow
i = E/R
For blood flow
Q= ΔP/R | Physiology | null |
3bb022c9-6529-4eb1-8ad3-4112c250ecf0 | Commonest site of intro peritoneal abscess is | Lesser sac | Greater sac | Pelvis | None of the above | 2c | multi | Pelvic abscess in the most common site of intra peritoneal abscess. | Surgery | null |
ec1bd09d-b14d-4343-9e88-7b1da86e4057 | Autotrophic requirements are | CO2 as a carbon source | NH3 as a nitrogen source | CO2 and NH3 together | Essential molecules that the bacteria are unable to synthesize | 0a | single | Nutrients in growth media must contain all the elements necessary for the biosynthesis of pathogenic microorganisms. This rule is especially true of media that are intended to have a selective (select for a specific group of bacteria) or differential (differentiate between a pathogenic and a normal or usual strain of a... | Microbiology | general microbiology |
b9afc7c1-e5aa-4107-8fab-becad4c77ab7 | Down regulation of hormone means ? | Decreased secretion of hormone | Decreased affinity to receptors | Defective regulation in secretion | Regulation by low concentration of hormone | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Decreased affinity to receptors Down regulation is a mechanism in which a hormone decrease the number or affinity of its receptors in target tissues. Down-regulation may occur by decreasing the synthesis of new receptors, by increasing the degradation of existing receptors or by inactivating receptors... | Physiology | null |
09fb819a-e59e-454e-9194-626254c3f389 | Blood-testis barrier is formed by | Seoli cells | Leydig cells | Epididymis | Vas deferens | 0a | single | The name "blood-testis barrier" is misleading in that it is not a blood-organ barrier in a strict sense, but is formed between Seoli cells of the seminiferous tubule and as such isolates the fuher developed stages of germ cells from the blood. imageref-sciencedirect.com | Anatomy | Abdomen and pelvis |
663434d1-4d6a-41b9-9644-f0d5e1fe645c | Foam cells are formed by? | Neutrophills | Fibroblasts | Macrophages | All of them | 2c | multi | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Macrophages * Foam cells are lipid-laden cells that derive predominantly from macrophages (M2 type), but smooth muscle cells can also imbibe lipid to become foam cells.* They are seen in atherosclerosis. | Pathology | Misc. |
3257f3d5-6e98-4ea1-ac9a-f16d6fd8ffa7 | All are features of hypernatremia, except - | Convulsion | Elevated intracranial tension | Periodic paralysis | Muscle twitching | 2c | multi | null | Medicine | null |
19be49bf-8ba5-4a4a-bf30-e1ab6e1cb9c5 | Least common complication of lead poisoning in adults - | Abdominal colic | Peripheral neuropathy | Anemia | Encephalopathy | 1b | single | Among the given options, peripheral neuropathy is least common, and occurs in less than 10% of cases. | Forensic Medicine | null |
25c2f0bc-73d9-4a63-b711-e92e67d7b356 | The partial pressure of CO2 is lowest in: | Arterial blood | End tidal air | Expired air | Venous blood | 1b | single | Ref: Multiple sources, Guyton, 12th edition, Pages 487- 488. 502-503: Khurana, W F Ganong, Review of Medical Physiology, 23rd edition Explanation: Normal PO2 and PCO2 at various sites Atmosphere (sea level) (inspired air Alveoli Pulmonary vein Arterial blood Tissue Venous Pulmonary artery Etpurid Air pO2 160 149-160 10... | Unknown | null |
0751c48e-c165-4dbc-b34e-82463ca940f2 | Testicular tumour can simulate ? | Hydrocele | Scrotum | Acute epidydimo orchitis | Chronic orchitis | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Scrotum | Surgery | null |
7048731d-babb-4d3e-b973-ef3cd8d5f832 | A 12 years old boy presents with recurrent attacks of conjunctivitis for the last 2 years with intense itching and ropy discharge. The diagnosis is – | Vernal conjunctivitis | Phlyctenular conjunctivitis | Trachoma | Viral conjunctivitis | 0a | single | Recurrent conjunctivitis, intense itching and ropy discharge in a 12 year old boy suggest the diagnosis of spring catarrh. | Ophthalmology | null |
cbb4b21d-d4e7-4ddb-ade3-15797a79cc8f | Which type diabetes is HLA associated - | Type I diabetes | Type II diabetes | Malnutrition related type disease | Pregnancy related type diabetes | 0a | single | null | Medicine | null |
d25db791-7464-4861-bb3f-e94fe4a38286 | Vomar-sphenoidal rostrum junction is? | Syndesmsis | Synostosis | Schindylesis | Gomphoiss | 2c | single | C i.e. Schindylesis | Anatomy | null |
fe754fa5-1cf8-4b83-8711-7f05f3b71948 | Type II A is associated with all of the following, EXCEPT | Normal Anion Gap Acidosis | Hyper calciuria | Decreased urinary citrate | Minimum urinary pH < 5.5 | 2c | multi | Answer is C (Decreased Urinary citrate) Type II A is associated with normal or increased urinary citrate `Urine citrate levels are normal or high because of reduced proximal tubular reabsorption of citrate' -- Harrisons | Medicine | null |
07dd2d6c-e766-4f55-949a-86ef5e732d2c | Comment on the diagnosis? | Down syndrome | Turner syndrome | Prader-Willi syndrome | Patau syndrome | 0a | single | Ans. (a) Down syndrome.Notice the hypotonia with facial grimace and a wide gap between the first and second toe of the foot. The karyotype confirms it to be trisomy 21.Mnemonic for DOWN Syndrome is "CHILD HAS PROBLEM"* Cataracts/heart disease (Endocardial cushion defect)* Hypotonia/hyperthyroidism* Incur 5th finger/Inc... | Pathology | Cytogenetic Disorders |
e3d8e380-cc66-4ff0-a6fa-6b01a3311d1f | Normal voice heard from 1 meter, intensity of sound reaching ear is | 20 dB | 40 dB | 60 dB | 80 dB | 2c | single | Ans. is 'c' i.e. 60dB Intensity is the strength of sound which determines its loudness. It is usually measured in deeibeis (dB). o Following are intensities when a person is at a distance of one meter from sound source. Whisper 30dB Normal conversation 60dB Shout 90 dB Discomfo of ear 120dB Fain in ear 130 dB | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
4a001426-e606-4576-ac11-d63bb8a69d3b | Reilly bodies are inclusion bodies seen in hurler's disease within | Lymphocytes | Fibroblast | RBC | WBC | 0a | single | null | Pathology | null |
535459a7-2808-4acf-946b-a722c91bee44 | Adipose tissue releases free fatty acids in the | Fasting state | Resting state | Active state | All of the above | 0a | multi | null | Biochemistry | null |
b4d5e71d-cd7b-40ba-9068-642397b81d7e | With reference to Escherichia coli infections, the following are true, EXCEPT: | Enteroaggregative E. coli is associated with Persistant diarrhoea | Enterohemorrhagic E. coli can cause haemolytic uraemic syndrome | Enteroinvasive E. coli produces a disease similar to salmonellosis | Enterotoxigenic E. coli is a common cause of travelers' diarrhoea | 2c | multi | Enteroinvasive E. Coli shares many genetic and clinical features with Shigella not salmonella. Enterotoxins produced by it initially induce secretory small-bowel diarrhea. Subsequently it colonize and invades the colonic mucosa resulting in the development of inflammatory colitis characterized by fever, abdominal pain,... | Microbiology | null |
60a31d43-1ec5-4ee3-aa53-2c6bcfb12a0d | Dissociative anaesthesia is produced by - (PGI 99) | Ketamine | Etomidate | Propofol | Thiopentone | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Ketamine Dissociative anaesthesia is characterized by profound analgesia, immobility, amnesia with light sleep and feeling of dissociation from once own body and the surroundings Cataleptic state. Ketamine (phencyclidine) induces dissociative anaesthesia. | Anaesthesia | null |
4f4c73a9-3f39-4020-83b2-fc6db24ff72d | Brunner's glands secrete an alkaline product that helps achieve optimal pH for the activity of pancreatic enzymes. Where are these glands located? | At the base of villi throughout the small intestine | In the epithelium of the ampulla of Vater | In the mucosa and submucosa of the jejunum | In the submucosa of the duodenum | 3d | multi | Brunner's glands are located in the submucosa of the duodenum. These glands are connected to the intestinal lumen by ducts that open into ceain crypts. They secrete an alkaline product that protects the duodenal mucosa from the acidic chyme and helps achieve optimal pH for pancreatic enzymes. The small intestinal villi... | Anatomy | null |
267b9636-2514-4f81-81b9-8c5e392872e5 | Vertebra plana is seen in – a) Eosinophilic granulomab) Traumac) Paget's diseased) Malignancy | acd | abd | abc | ab | 1b | single | null | Radiology | null |
ca41edbf-ce4e-412b-9a1b-cfc46a715233 | Layer of non-pigmented epithelium of the ciliary body is the forward continuation of the: | Pigment epithelium of the retina | Sensory retina | Internal limiting membrane of the retina | Bruch's membrane of the choroid | 1b | single | Ans. Sensory retina | Ophthalmology | null |
7b981ced-70b6-41ef-9d3c-b2531edc6b18 | HIV is not seen in: | Tears | Cervical secretion | Semen | Blood | 0a | single | Ans: a (Tears) Ref: Harrison, 16th ed, p. 1079; 17th ed, p. 1144HIV is not usually found in tears. It is usually transmitted by semen, cervical secretion and blood.HIVClinical features1. Primary infectionIt is symptomatic in 70-80% of cases and usually occurs 2-4 weeks after exposure. The major clinical manifestations ... | Medicine | Infection |
75fd9c78-57d3-485f-a655-74275a373ce1 | Which drug should be avoided in pregnancy ? | Phenytoin | Insulin | Heparin | All | 0a | multi | null | Pharmacology | null |
0510b688-3e56-4eb7-a4a4-e1503e0056f8 | The shunt surgery to control variceal bleeding in noncirrhotic poal fibrosis is done, if: | Very low platelet count | Upper GI bleeding at the age of 30 | If beta blockers contraindicated | Associated with cirrhosis | 0a | single | Shunt surgery is preferred in Non cirrhotic poal fibrosis with: Symptomatic large splenomegaly Very low platelet count (<20,000) Stays far away from a good medical center where an upper GI bleed can be tackled Rare blood group Endoscopic variceal ligation is preferred as the treatment modality for UGI bleeding in NCPF.... | Medicine | null |
544e2fe4-6d5c-4e43-afbd-01e8089dfa7f | All are cndopeptidases except - | Trypsin | Chymotripsin | Carboxypeptidase | None | 2c | multi | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Carboxypeptidase o Trypsin, chymotrypsin and elastase are endopeptidases, which means that they split peptide linkages in the middle of the amino acid chain, not at either end.o Carboxypeptidases (A and B), on the other hand, are exopeptidases, i.e., They split the peptide linkage at the carboxyl end ... | Biochemistry | Biological Function of Proteins |
c6a75321-01aa-4196-ab85-287a3c19e41a | A 25-year-old lady presented with fever of one month duration, ataxia and headache. Brain imaging showed dilated ventricles with basal exudates. Which among the following is the most likely CSF finding? | Lymphocytosis, low glucose, low protein | Lymphocytosis, normal glucose, high protein | Lymphocytosis, low glucose, high protein | Polymorphonuclear pleocytosis, normal glucose, high protein | 2c | single | Ans. c. Lymphocytosis, low glucose, high protein (Ref: Harrison 19/e p1111, 18/e p3414)Presence of significant basal exudates, together with dilated ventricles (hydrocephalus) in a young female with prolonged history of fever and headache suggests a diagnosis of tubercular meningitis. Tubercular meningitis is character... | Medicine | C.N.S. |
224b7671-2fca-4aab-88ff-84dc70995175 | Agammaglobulinemia can present with? | Rhinitis | Bronchiectasis | Giardia infections | All above | 3d | multi | ANSWER: (D) All aboveREF: Harrisons 18th ed chapter 361Major signs and symptoms of B cell defects are due to inadequate production of antibodies, and most mucosal membranes are left unguarded, hence leading to their infections.Defective antibody production allows the establishment of invasive, pyogenic bacterial infect... | ENT | Rhinitis |
259f1d61-b0ab-4b85-9c22-bfdab4a154ee | Most commonly used scalpel blade for intraoral surgery is: | No.15 | No.11 | No.12 | No.10 | 0a | single | Most commonly used scalpel blade for intraoral surgery – No. 15
The blade used primarily for making small stab incisions, such as for incising an abscess – No. 11
Blade commonly used for skin incisions – No. 10 blade
The hooked blade commonly used for mucogingival procedures – No. 12 blade
The blades commonly used in g... | Surgery | null |
2e2a5531-d834-4eeb-8e9d-e23be2160c86 | Nef gene in HIV is for use- | Enhancing the expression of genes | Enhancing viral replication | Decreasing viral replication | Maturation | 2c | single | nef ( negative factor gene) down regulates viral replication. REF:ANANTHANARAYAN AND PANIKER'S TEXTBOOK OF MICROBIOLOGY 9TH EDITION PAGE NO-572 | Microbiology | Virology |
ca1b5d9e-cc88-4426-a54c-df4cd5ece4ed | The use of tamoxifen for breast cancer can cause all of the following adverse effects, except: | The use of tamoxifen for breast cancer can cause all of the following adverse effects, except: | Endometrial carcinoma | Carcinoma in contralateral breast | Cataract | 2c | multi | Tamoxifen reduces the recurrence rate of breast cancer in ipsilateral as well as contralateral breasts. Adverse effects associated with the use of tamoxifen are: 2-3 fold increased risk of thromboembolism 2-3 fold increased risk of endometrial carcinoma Hot flushes, vomiting, vaginal discharge, menstrual irregularities... | Pharmacology | null |
71c96822-24ad-4ebe-b559-6614bce7b420 | Extragonadal germ cell tumors occur in all of the following except - | Sacrococcygeal region | Mediastinum | Brain | Testis | 3d | multi | Extragonadal germ cell tumors occur at : -
Mediastinum → M.C. site.
Retroperitoneum → 2nd M.C. site.
Sacrococcygeal region → Sacrococcygeal teratoma.
Pineal gland | Pathology | null |
9f76fa19-1be4-4a9f-be6c-b0ed88c559e3 | Which among the following is the commonest type of parotid tumor? | Pleomorphic tumor | Wahin's tumor | Adenoid cystic Ca | Secondaries | 0a | single | Pleomorphic adenomas, or benign mixed tumors, are the most common neoplasms of the salivary glands. They represent approximately 60-70% of all parotid tumors and 90% of submandibular benign tumors. These neoplasms affect females more than males and are commonly seen in the third to sixth decades of life. It presents as... | Surgery | null |
1c875c19-6eef-47ac-8620-8b7800064b86 | Barrel shaped spores (arthospores) is seen with - | Blastomyces | Histoplasma | Coccidioides | Candida | 2c | single | null | Microbiology | null |
d5605c29-6b07-4d43-8b2f-0047f03cf82a | Which of the following enters the TCA cycle at succinyl - CoA? | Tyrosine | Methionine | Tryptophan | Histidine | 1b | single | Valine Isoleucine Methionine conves to Propionyl CoA & then conves to Succinyl CoA & enters the cycle.Ref: DM Vasudevan Textbook of Medical Biochemistry, 6th edition, page no: 221 | Biochemistry | Respiratory chain |
3f57a851-22b3-434f-b713-67933712d829 | Nasion lies at the junction of | Frontonasal and internasal suture | Frontonasal and interparietal suture | Frontonasal and frontozygomatic suture | Frontogomatic and internasal suture | 0a | single | The nasion is the point where the internasal and frontonasal sutures meet. It lies a little above the floor of the depression at the root of the nose, below the glabella. Nasion is termed as the central point of the frontonasal suture. Ref: BD Chaurasia's HUMAN ANATOMY, Volume 3, 4th edition. | Anatomy | Head and neck |
457497c5-ef40-4026-9511-7894bb1362f3 | Women with Plummer Vinson develops which cancer ? | Pyriform fossa | Esophagus | Subglottis | Epiglottis | 1b | single | null | Surgery | null |
6cb7d65c-ea7d-4e07-be18-c4d17caf5af1 | Cementogenesis begins after how many days of root end resection: | 6 days. | 10-12 days. | 28 days. | 8 weeks. | 1b | single | null | Dental | null |
6ac71b15-eb6c-4edd-9138-a1fad3ba9dcd | Vitamin deficiency causing optic atrophy - | Vitamin A | Vitamin B | Vitamin C | Vitamin D | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' i.e. Vitamin B Nutritional optic atrophyo The exact mechanism by which nutritional deficits damage the optic nerve has not been elucidated. Although the etiology is likely multifactorial, most clinicians agree that in patients who abuse ethanol and tobacco, malnourish- ment is often present and undemutritio... | Ophthalmology | Diseases of the Optic Nerve |
cd7608a5-aabd-4670-84d4-7438044610a0 | Which of the following instructions is not given if a second puff is required from this device? | Wash mouth between two puffs | Wait for one minute before taking the second puff | Shake again | Keep mouth piece dry | 0a | single | Ans. A. Wash mouth between two puffsRecommendations for correct inhaler technique: -a. Remove capb. Check does counter (if applicable)c. Hold inhaler upright and shake welld. Breathe out gently, away from the inhalere. Put mouthpiece between teeth without biting and close lips to form good sealf. Start to breathe in sl... | Pharmacology | Miscellaneous (Pharmacology) |
9eb17295-7776-45a3-aa9a-55c6c61595c5 | A 45-year-old woman underwent a modified radical mastectomy 4 years ago. She was treated for multiple bone metastases with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and fluorouracil for 6 months. She is complaining of exeion on exercise, swelling of the legs, and swelling around eyes in the morning. On examination, she has bilate... | Systolic dysfunction CHF | Drug induced cardiac toxicity | Metastatic cardiac disease | Pneumonia | 1b | multi | Answer is B (Drug induced cardiac toxicity) Features of cardiac failure in a patient on doxorubicin suggests the possibility of Anthracycline induced cardiac toxity.Risk of Anthracyclinc induced cardiac toxicity is increased with concomitent radiation and cyclophosphamide. cardiac failure after 6 months of chemotherapy... | Medicine | null |
e88494a8-87d4-4992-9e62-e60abbac2e42 | The structure marked with arrow is most likely: | Pulp obliteration | Reactionary dentin | Calculus | Plaque | 2c | single | Because of its relatively low radiodensity, calculus is better visualized on images made with reduced exposure. | Radiology | null |
5cb47606-0054-493f-8f14-18f172907a09 | The histology of Lobular carcinoma of breast reveals- | Single file pattern | Pleomorphic cells in sheets | Clustersl/lslands of cells with mucous lakes | Solid syncytium like sheets | 0a | single | Invasive lobular carcinoma consists of cells morphologically identical to the cells of LCIS. Two thirds of the cases are associated with adjacent LCIS. The cells invade individually into stroma and are often aligned in "single-file" strands or chains. This growth pattern correlates with the presence of mutations that a... | Pathology | Breast |
7896c431-eead-4bf0-b3c9-ddcd7a263239 | You are in the eye OPD and wish to use a topical beta blocker in a patient. The chosen drug by you should have all the following properties EXCEPT: | Strong local anaesthetic activity | High lipophilicity | High ocular capture | Low systemic activity | 0a | multi | Drugs having local anesthetic property will increase the risk of corneal ulcers. | Pharmacology | null |
f6f3d5d5-3bd6-417f-bd19-7071d6056658 | Medical treatment of pancreatitis includes : | Cholestyramine | Aprotinin | Calcium | Glucagon | 2c | single | Answer is C (Calcium) : | Medicine | null |
a1d60a6a-0e17-46d7-8f00-8a3ec21e6c8b | Alkalinization of urine is required for decreasing poisoning due to | Barbiturates | Amphitamines | Alcohol | Morphine | 0a | single | For acidic drug poisoning like (barbiturates, salicylates and methotrexates) ,urinary alkinization agents are prescribed where as basic drug poisoning (morphine, amphetamine ,atropine etc) urinary acidification agents are prescribed. Refer Ltd 7/e p29 | Anatomy | General anatomy |
1d5b1388-594a-4eaa-a321-3419d16ae37d | Eastern equine encephalitis virus is associated with a high fatality rate. Control of the disease could be possible by eradication of | Horses | Birds | Mosquitoes | Fleas | 2c | single | Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) is a severe disease usually seen in the summer months when Aedes mosquitoes are prevalent. In 1996 and 1997, there were several outbreaks in the Northeast United States. Control of EEE is a function of mosquito eradication. Horses and humans are accidental hosts. While draining of swam... | Microbiology | Virology |
5f3e04e0-604c-4e70-b34d-de41f7ae1382 | Most common cause of Mediastinitis is: | Tracheal rupture | Esophageal rupture | Drugs | Idiopathic | 1b | single | Answer is B (Esophageal rupture): Most cases of acute mediastinitis are due to esophageal perforation or occur after median sternotomy for cardiac surgery- Harrison Acute Mediastinitis Chronic Mediastinitis 1. 2. Esophageal rupture Q Median sternotomy for cardiac surgery 1. 2. 3. Tuberculosis / Histoplasmosis (most cas... | Medicine | null |
c07bfc2e-6a14-4078-be31-d59e7803f4db | All are true about pre eclampsia except | Cerebral hemorrhage | Necrosis of liver | Glomerular endotheliosis | DVT | 3d | multi | Pathophysiology of preeclampsia: In Brain: The main finding is cerebral vasospasm.Small cerebral haemorrhages,thrombosis, and fibrinoid necrosis can occur especially in eclampsia.Cerebral oedema also usual in eclampsia In Liver: Peripoal thrombosis and fibrin deposition,hemorhages,necrosis are seen in the liver.There i... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Medical, surgical and gynaecological illness complicating pregnancy |
bddb63cc-d1b9-45f5-be1f-f183984961bb | All are true regarding nitrous oxide except | Nitrous oxide is good analgesic agent. | Nitrous oxide cylinder is blue coloured | Inhibits thymidylate synthetase enzyme | Good agent to use in pan retinal photocoagulation | 3d | multi | Nitrous oxide being combustible agent, is contraindicated in laser surgeries. | Anaesthesia | null |
2439f79f-4894-47ea-9dda-e3abd7f2d343 | All of the following may be seen with Neuroleptic malignant syndrome except - | Hypothermia | Altered consciousness | Muscle rigidity | Involuntary movements | 0a | multi | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Hypothermia Features of Neuroleptic malignant syndrome o Marked muscle rigidity o Semiunconciousness o High fever (not hypotermia) o Extrapyramidal effects (involuntary movement) o Autonomic instability (Fluctuating BP & Hea rate) o Increased CPK. | Pharmacology | null |
f68501ac-4870-4a18-9606-620be2bd119e | Which of the following is reducing sugar | Sucrose | Isomaltose | Trehalose | All of the above | 1b | multi | Sucrose and Trehalose are non reducing sugars.
Isomaltose is a disaccharide similar to maltose but with α (1,6) linkage instead of α (1,4) linkage. | Biochemistry | null |
fc2e7fd7-84a6-4d17-868f-c9496d4ad359 | Which of the following is not a cachetic gene? | APEH | MC4R | Smad7 | Smad3 | 2c | single | Ans is 'c' i.e. Smad 7 o Smad 7 gene delivery prevents cachexia.o Smad-3y melanocortin - 4 receptor (MC4R) and APEH (acylpeptide hydrolase) genes have been implicated in causation of cancer cachexia. | Pathology | Nature of Gene Abnormalities |
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