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Second, there are cases where the current study reports data by nationality, but the corresponding figure in the Trends in International Migrant Stock refers to the foreign born. This situation generally arises when a census does not report the number of foreign-born migrants on a bilateral basis. Examples include Aust... | {
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Having returned (early) to Northern Mali did not always lead to a stable condition either: the transition probabilities from returnee to IDP or to refugee are 1. 1 % and 0. 2 % respectively. As we can see from Figure 1, the majority of the sample is Songhai and Kel Tamasheq (almost everybody identified themselves as Mu... | {
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Methods Research Design and Data Collection Strategy This household survey was commissioned by The World Bank and carried out by the Center for Evaluation and Development between December 2023 and February 2024 in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Households were selected based on being located in the catchment area of one... | {
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Figure A. 2: Injective relations We also isolate many-to-one (bijective) relations. In this case, we have to aggregate the Afro- barometer ethnicities with their unique and more aggregated correspondence in the UNHCR refugee camps data (See Figure A. 3). Figure A. 3: Bijective relations The remaining correspondences ar... | {
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formal labor market in the same way as nationals—Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Djibouti, Mauritania, Niger, and Rwanda— often restrict access in practice by requiring certain identification documents, the country employers are reluctant to hire refugees (World Bank Group, 2021), or restricti... | {
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20 Note: Poverty is defined as the percent of the population living with less than $ 2 a day (World Development Indicators database). The annual number of refugees in each country is given by the Center for Systematic Peace (http: / / www. systemicpeace. org /). 4. 2. Lessons from Case Studies in Kenya, Tanzania, and U... | {
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2 International migration — the movement of people across national borders — has important economic, social, and political implications. Despite the recent emergence of a dynamic literature, empirical analysis of migration flows and their impact lags behind the policy debate and the theoretical literature. The main rea... | {
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The surveys were conducted
each year between May and November of the survey year, with expenditures referring to the past
12 months.
Real total per capita expenditure less per capita expenses on health care is taken as the
dependent variable.
In particular, using the historical daily rainfall records over 1980-2006 ... | {
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4 The frequently used CRU TS2.1 monthly rainfall database (Mitchell and Jones, 2005) only has a half degree resolution, which is around 55 kilometres at the equator. 5 See Thomas (2009) for a detailed description of the different data sources and a more elaborate description of the construction of the different natu... | {
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In our employment arm, we offer gainful employment in the form of a surveying assignment for an average of three days per week for two months. 1 The surveying task requires workers to walk through their blocks four times per day tallying the various activities their neighbors are engaged with and consumes approximately ... | {
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Finally, the expenditure shock which we discussed in the theory section (international aid or an increase in public spending associated with the forced displacement crisis) is considered by only a handful of papers. This is a possible confounding factor of the impact of forced displacement on host communities and one t... | {
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14 people may also gain from conflict in terms of income and wealth and this may explain why some people do not move. The defining attributes of the alternative choices are very different from any other model and the task of economics is to understand what these defining attributes should be. In terms of independent va... | {
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The comparison between ∆ h is for actual and hypothetical destinations tells us whether the actual district of destination is more densely populated than alternative destinations. Results are presented in Table 3 for all variables used in the analysis. We begin with district log income eδs. We have two estimates of eδs... | {
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In order to understand the role of vulnerability, we turn to international data. The international regressions measure the relationship between damage and fatalities and population and income (using international data EMDAT 2009).
<!-- PAGE 17 -->
to follow projections made by demographers (United Nations 2004). GDP i... | {
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26 education Turkish to a subregion. In sum, there is some evidence that the inflow of Syrian refugees results in a decrease in the number of Turkish living in a subregion. The evidence, however, is weak and the impact unlikely to be very large. 5. PLACEBO TESTS AND ROBUSTNESS CHECKS 5. 1 Placebo Tests The key threat t... | {
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Decile
JFPR applicants: Enrollment at any school, by
scholarship status and decile
<!-- PAGE 20 -->
**Figure 2: Proportion of girls who complete grade 7 among those who completed grade 5,**
**by economic status decile, DHS data**
Outcomes** Enrolled in JFPR school 0.87 0.65 0.22 0.00 Attending... | {
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in secondary schools (Figure 2.13). Reasons for not attending school differ among children of primary and secondary school age. Most children who do not attend primary school do so because their families think they are too young or unwilling to send them to school. This is similar for hosts and refugees. For secondary ... | {
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REGIONAL BUREAU FOR SOUTHERN AFRICA
**DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO REFUGEES SITUATION**
As of 3 0 September 2022
**Author: UNHCR DIMA - RSA** Contact : rsarbdima@unhcr.org **Source:** UNHCR Primes, Government, UNHCR | {
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a significant challenge for both hosts and refugees. The nutritional status of children under age five is based on anthropometry measures; that is, stunting, underweight, and wasting. A child is identified as 26 Driven by Eritrean refugees in Alemwach camp who do not have a health facility inside the refugee site and g... | {
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CIESIN (Center for International Earth Science Information Network), Columbia University; IFPRI (International Food Policy Research Institute); The World Bank; and CIAT (Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical). 2004a. "Global Rural-Urban Mapping Project (GRUMP), Alpha Version: Settlement Points". Palisades, NY: S... | {
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Our data is unique in at least four dimensions: i) it leverages the high cell phone penetration and coverage throughout the country, including the refugee communities, to reach households during lockdowns when face-to-face interviews are impossible to conduct; 5 ii) its longitudinal nature allows not only to assess the... | {
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13 baseline that were found to be uncorrelated with the treatment in Table 1. 12 Observations are then weighted by the inverse of their probability of having data observed. Therefore, those who had a small chance of being observed are given increased weight, to compensate for those similar observations who are missing.... | {
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of difficulty, ranging from those suitable for children as young as 2 and a half years old to more complex items for individuals over 18 years old. 19 The Peabody Vocabulary Test is calibrated with a mean standard score of 100 and a standard deviation of 15, placing scores between 85 and 115 within the average range. T... | {
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The GBV Action Plan was finalized in consultation with the Ministry of Gender, UN Women, and civil society organizations specializing in survivor support. It prescribes mandatory training for all project workers on the prevention of sexual exploitation, abuse, and harassment (SEAH), establishes a confidential reporting... | {
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In contrast, districts of origin are distributed widely across the country. This reflects the fact that much work migration is from remote rural areas to towns and cities. The main characteristics of work migrants are reported in Table 1, together with those of non- migrant adult males. We see that work migrants are on ... | {
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Internally displaced women are extremely vulnerable to rape by armed men, “ including government soldiers and militia. ” Protection for them basically does not exist58. According to UNHCR, Somalia has over 1. 4 million internally displaced people. In the year 2016, some 24, 500 refugees and asylum ‐ seekers were regist... | {
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the power calculations performed to determine the sample size. 3. 3 Randomized Assignment and Job Applications Each week we randomly selected 300 job ads from the sample of ads meeting our inclusion criteria. Among these 300 ads, each job ad was randomly assigned to a single applicant profile. Job ads are stratified to... | {
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Appendix Figure A3 replicates the analysis using all refugee stocks available in the data, without constraining the sample to refugee events. The results are very similar to the baseline. Taking another approach, Appendix Figure A4 instead uses refugee flows. As argued above, without individual-level data, flows cannot b... | {
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Page 10 of 51 Source: Own calculations based on Household surveys Figure 4: Prevalence of Temporary employment among salaried employees (Mid-90s / Mid-2010s) Source: Own calculations based on Household surveys Analyzing the evolution of non-standard employment according to their age profile, we found a slight increase ... | {
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ethnic group e at time t. It can also be expressed as one minus the Herfindahl index (Alesina et al., 2016). The EP index gives more weight to intergroup differences at the expense of within group homo- geneity. It can be defined as (Esteban and Ray, 1994, 1999; Montalvo and Reynal-Querol, 2005) 14 EPjt = Nrt X e = 1 (... | {
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"... |
148 P. B. Spiegel & P. V. Le
Introduction
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) behavioural surveillance surveys
(BSSs), an evolution from the knowledge-attitudes-practice surveys (KAPs), are
an assessment, monitoring and evaluation tool designed to track trends in HIV/
AIDS knowledge, attitudes and risk behaviour a... | {
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potential to make
affected populations more vulnerable to HIV transmission. The UNGASS
Declaration of Commitment on HIV/AIDS, states that ‘populations destabilised
by armed conflict . . . including refugees, internally displaced persons, and in
particular women and children, are at increased risk of exposure to HIV inf... | {
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The 2024 survey data will be supplemented by qualitative case studies in six purposively selected communities to capture implementation dynamics and beneficiary experiences that structured questionnaire data cannot adequately document. Case study fieldwork will involve key informant interviews with community leaders, i... | {
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3 For a disaster to be listed in the EM-DAT database, at least one of the following criteria should be met: (i) 10 or more people are reported killed; (ii) 100 people are reported affected; (iii) a state of emergency is declared; (iv) a call for international assistance is issued. 4 The study was carried out by a conso... | {
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Sources of information This work includes a descriptive analysis that allows us to identify how the prevalence of non- standard employment (NSE) has evolved in the last two decades in different regions of the planet, as well as the evolution of the profile of workers in those roles, in terms of their educational level,... | {
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to the Venezuelan migratory crisis, whereas the VenRepPS survey was conducted during the pandemic in 2020. These temporal inconsistencies result in varying sample composi- tions across surveys, diverging from the landscape we observe in 2022. Notably, forced migrants in the VenReps Kids survey migrated during the crisi... | {
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**Annex 1**
**Demographics information.**
This report is based on the information provided by 2176
young Syrians, between 18 – 23 ages, living in 34
different sub-districts within the governorates of Aleppo
and Idleb in Northwest Syria, covering 225 communities,
and 106 IDPs camp sites. 47% identified as IDPs and 5... | {
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These data are only for three districts in the province of Punjab, but is very recent, was conducted by an independent team of academics, and is a complete census of all households in the selected villages. Consequently, it yields sufficient madrassa enrollment to examine correlations with household attributes in a mea... | {
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Because of this, the program impacts on control over resources were small, albeit statistically significant: 80 percent of respondents at baseline said they controlled their own resources, with a seven percentage point increase for the treatment group (relative to control). Similarly, 80 percent of those engaged in inc... | {
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In 2003, almost 60 % of young girls and 40 % of young boys had no formal schooling (ILO / UNICEF 2005). Data from the Demographic and Health survey shows that more than 40 percent of adult women have no education, compared to fewer than 20 percent of men, while 23 percent of women and 44 percent of men have some second... | {
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Disaggregated data on IDPs who are not protected or assisted by UNHCR are collected by other agencies, including IOM, but data are not comprehensive and therefore not published in IDMC ’ s global reports. 93 The difficulties of collecting disaggregated data on locations of IDPs are compounded by the fluidity of IDP mov... | {
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World Bank team undertook field supervision, providing on-time and on-the-spot guidance for the field teams whenever and wherever they encountered a challenge. (e) Challenges faced and lessons learned The SESRE served as a learning experience for including refugees in future rounds of the official household survey (HoW... | {
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There is one limit to our approximation in Equation 4. The ethnic composition of refugees in each year t for a given origin – destination pair of countries obtained from the EPR-ER database is assumed to be homogeneous across camps of the same origin – destination pair of countries for the refugees at year t. This may ... | {
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16 Source: Authors ’ calculations based on data from the High Frequency Surveys of Ethiopia (2017), Nigeria (2018), Somalia (2017), South Sudan (2017) and Sudan (2017). 6. Gender differences in multidimensional poverty Next we examine differences in multidimensional poverty outcomes by the gender of the household head.... | {
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income has not led to more happiness using Eurobarometer and US GSS data. Variables used
or panel data) but a few use variables transformations of income and relative income that would
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Chew et al. (2018) use a baseline convolutional neural network model on a gridded population sampling frame to select a sample of households in Nigeria and Guatemala. The authors found this technique to be on par with human canvassing in terms of accuracy, and to outperform other machine learning models based on crowds... | {
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The panel database was constructed by merging administrative enrollment records with survey data collected at baseline for a representative sample of 1,800 households. Individual household identifiers were assigned at enrollment and used to link administrative and survey records throughout the panel. The panel database... | {
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The relation- ships between displacement dynamics and perceptions of each manifestation of social cohesion are analyzed separately by running 12 models for each independent variable (6 regressions for each sample). The regressions are correlations and should not be interpreted causally. Hosting status and displacement ... | {
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HIV behavioural surveillance surveys 149
Table I. Internationally accepted key BSS indicators.
Knowledge International standard
Prevention Percentage of young women and men
aged 15 �24 years who, in response to
prompted questions, say that:
1) people can protect themselves from
contracting HIV by having sex with onl... | {
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twins) variation on 6th grade ENLACE, identifying, therefore, the relationship between
as captured by ENLACE, on future outcomes and the (within-family) individual-level
characteristics. In the ENLACE panel, this last specification uses the sample of students
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<!-- PAGE 3 -->
**Estimating a Poverty Line for Brazil Based on the 2017/18 Household Budget Survey** **[+]**
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FAO (2012) being the latest. More recently, the FAO indicator is used to track progress toward the first
country. [2] Combining this with population data allows the FAO to estimate the total kilo calories available
number of HCES. [3] For most countries the CV was kept constant across years and only the mean was
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**3.3** **Open Street Map (OSM) Road Network Data Set**
In addition to the five public transportation networks, we also added the drive as well as the pedestrian network leveraging the Open Street Map data set to account for commuters who walk or drive to work.
**3.4** **Fathom Flood Maps**
<!-- PAGE 10 --> Pluvial ... | {
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In practice, most of those approved for the OCP have family and friends in Ethiopia who support them with remittances—fewer than 1,500 OCP work permits were issued by 2022. The permit allows refugees to freely move and establish residence in all areas of the country except restricted areas. OCP refugees are systematica... | {
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Impacts on the labor market are unclear; initial research suggests that there has been a supply shock to informal labor markets. This has had a large-scale impact on the employment of natives in the informal sector. At the same time, research suggests there has been a boost to formal employment for the Turks, but this ... | {
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camp refugee households with improved bathing facilities36 is low, especially among Somali refugees and their hosts. In addition, few refugee and host households have a place or item designated for hand washing in their dwellings. Availability of water or detergent for hand washing is low, especially among refugees (An... | {
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23 86 % of the IDPs, 91 % of the refugees and 88 % of the returnees are confident or fully confident that a coalition like this would be capable of providing security. Source: Listening to Displaced People Survey, 2014. In an open-ended question on who can be trusted most when it comes to ensuring security in the North... | {
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Most papers with few exceptions use standard OLS estimators or some of its variants (Table 2). Two papers use general equilibrium models (Bodvarsson, Van den Berg, and Lewer 2008; Hercowitz and Yashiv 2002) and two papers simply compare means between treated and non-treated groups resulting in simple difference estimat... | {
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16 5. 3 Desire to return (Y / N) Keeping our attention on refugees and IDPs, we wanted to deepen our understanding about their migration plans. In particular, we would like to discover which characteristics are associated with the desire to return to Northern Mali. To this end, we estimated a probit model using the sam... | {
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Produced by the Research Support Team Abstract The Policy Research Working Paper Series disseminates the findings of work in progress to encourage the exchange of ideas about development issues. An objective of the series is to get the findings out quickly, even if the presentations are less than fully polished. The pa... | {
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They exclude other categories of displaced people who were not forced to move because of conflict or violence, such as economic migrants and victims of natural or environmental disasters. 4 Of course, many people cannot be simply categorized in these groups and this makes statistics on FDPs gross estimates, but the gro... | {
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assignment process was conducted to assign the trainees to the first or second round of training. 9 Of those entered into the random selection, 1273 young women were assigned to the first round of training, with the remaining 808 to serve as a control group (the control group would participate in the second round of tr... | {
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milk and milk products, oils and fats, sugar/honey, and others. Food consumption status is determined based on food consumption score. a. Dietary diversity score (out of 12 groups) b. Food consumption status Refugees’ Aspirations 49 Moreover, insecurity and displacement-related shocks are common for Eritrean refugees, ... | {
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These people are then expected to return to their place of origin once the conflict is over and governments are typically over optimistic about the duration of civil conflicts and about return of IDPs. In some cases, governments also have an interest in denying the very existence of IDPs for political purposes. Therefo... | {
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ESS translated the survey instrument into different main languages and undertook an in- depth training of supervisors and enumerators for enumerators to understand better the concepts of the questions related to the refugee context. Moreover, a close follow-up and coordination in the field helped to get better quality ... | {
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Road data quality in the southern provinces is lower than in other regions due to the absence of electronic traffic count equipment on rural roads and the reliance on visual condition assessments conducted by untrained district public works staff. The project will support a road condition data quality improvement progr... | {
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The SEIS was fielded over a 14-week period by a nationally certified survey firm using CAPI on Android tablets. Interviewers received five days of training covering the survey instrument, tablet operation, and protocols for interviewing households with protection concerns. The SEIS questionnaire was translated into fou... | {
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4 The only publicly available sources of data to document patterns of enrollment and available educational options for Pakistani families are household-based surveys. These are the official 1998 Census of Population (Government of Pakistan) 3, the 1991, 1998, and 2001 rounds of the Pakistan Integrated Household Survey4... | {
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come ratios relative to extractives,<br>2008-13|
|---|---|
||Kayes<br>Sikasso<br>Other<br>regions<br>Total<br>Agriculture<br>6%<br>37%<br>60%<br>40%<br>**Extractives**<br>**100%**<br>**100%**<br>**100%**<br>**100%**<br>Industry<br>111%<br>50%<br>110%<br>85%<br>Construction<br>14%<br>75%<br>413%<br>214%<br>Services (tra... | {
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Ideally, we would conduct a comparative analysis of the characteristics of migrants residing in Medellin versus those in other parts of the coun- try to discern the extent of these differences. However, the lack of comprehensive data regarding the living conditions of this population makes such analysis unfeasible. To ... | {
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composite measure for human capital. We extract real GDP and human capital data from Penn World
Table 10 (Feenstra et al., 2015), using the "rgdpna" series, which measures real GDP in constant 2017
schooling and returns to education (Inklaar and Timmer, 2013). We extract the population from World
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Poverty remains widespread and social indicators are well below the average for Sub-Saharan Africa. Chad is ranked 173 among the 177 countries surveyed in the 2006 UNDP Human Development Report. The incidence of poverty (defined as the proportion of households with annual spending below what is necessary to meet minima... | {
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a relatively higher percentage of married individuals. In Addis Ababa, 60 percent of refugees are unmarried. 16.2 15.7 14.9 8.8 14.1 Eritrean Somali South Sudanese Addis refugees All 0 20 40 Percent 60 80 100 Eritrean Somali South Sudanese Addis refugees Conflict and violence Natural/man-made disaster Personal threat a... | {
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The ESMF prepared for this project builds on environmental screening templates developed under the predecessor operation and incorporates updated guidelines on asbestos management and e-waste disposal issued by the Ministry of Environment in 2023. Subproject screening will be conducted using the ESMF's standardized che... | {
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Kreibaum (2016) corroborate the finding that host communities near refugee settlements in Uganda have relatively higher consumption levels using data on three south-western districts, though the effect is small in magnitude. d ’ Errico et al. (2021) find that the presence of refugees has only modest effects on local househ... | {
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recently introduced the first version of their Global Internal Displacement Database (GIDD) that allows users to explore, filter and sort IDMC ’ s data to produce graphs and tables, and export underlying data. 102 Such platforms need to incorporate safeguards to protect the privacy and confidentiality of individuals ’ ... | {
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Although 86 % of the refugee sample was surveyed at least once, there was some differential attrition between the treatment and control refugee sam- ples, and therefore we estimate bounded effects following Lee (2009) (and the text highlights the results for which both estimated bounds take the same sign unless otherwi... | {
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14 do selected volunteers increase their teamwork / leadership and their communication skills? Do they increase their self-esteem / self-satisfaction? iii) As a result of their assignment to NVSP volunteering experience, are selected youth more likely to find a job than non-selected ones? (a) IMPACTS ON SOCIAL COHESION... | {
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14 Figure 3 Sample Distribution for Refugee Children Compared to Global Distribution (n = 92) Figure 4 Sample Distribution for Children Living in Rural Areas Compared to Global Distribution (n = 902) AIM-ECD direct assessment scores were created by calculating the percent correct out of the 77 direct assessment tasks a... | {
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Gender may influence how members of the host community experience and perceive their role as hosts. Since each of the samples are gender-balanced, Figure 6 re-reruns the logistic regres- sions above but after sub-setting the data by gender. Hosting IDPs is associated with improved perceptions of social cohesion among me... | {
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The 2023 survey of transport infrastructure conditions found that 68 percent of rural access roads in the project's five target provinces were in poor or very poor condition, with pavement failure attributed primarily to inadequate drainage maintenance and axle-load violations by commercial freight vehicles. The 2023 s... | {
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The weight given to each province in constructing the synthetic control is based on pre-treatment outcomes. We use the pre-treatment average of the outcome dimension, Y, the unemployment rate, employment rate and the import and export per capita of the province to determine the degree of similarity between control grou... | {
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14 4. 1 Variation across Districts Pakistan is divided administratively into four provinces with 102 districts — Punjab, Balochistan, North-West Frontier Provinces (NWFP), and Sindh — plus the federal capital Islamabad, the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA), the federally administered Northern Areas and Azad J... | {
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stipend money, and they were formed into small groups or"EPAG teams", each with a coach or mentor, to foster support networks and boost attendance. 3. Methodology 3. 1. Research design The impact evaluation of the EPAG project uses a randomized controlled trial, in which eligible applicants to the program were randomly... | {
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Research on long-term migration has established positive effects on host countries and shown that these effects are larger or faster if migrants are permitted to integrate eco- nomically (Abramitzky and Boustan 2022). The features of PEP facilitate causal identification of its effects. First, the program was in- troduce... | {
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. 12 10. 45 – # 20 December 2019 5752 4. 71 8. 14 – # 21 November 2020 2627 4. 19 5. 14 – # 22 February-March 2021 5847 6. 86 9. 30 – Overall July 2017-March 2021 49831 4. 64 8. 19 30. 58 Table 2: Details on Surveys and Displacement Trends Second, the paper conducts an individual-level analysis of two cross-sectional s... | {
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Climate data on temperature and precipitation were taken from Bitan and Rubin (2000). Average annual temperature calculations are based on data collected in 38
Table 3 presents the results of the two models. In the first model, linking farm profits to
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The relation- ships between displacement dynamics and perceptions of each manifestation of social cohesion are analyzed separately by running 12 models for each independent variable (6 regressions for each sample). The regressions are correlations and should not be interpreted causally. Hosting status and displacement ... | {
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and improve their lives, along with refugee hosting communities. The SESRE covers all current major refugee camps: Eritreans, South Sudanese, and Somalis, as well as the out-of-camp refugees in Addis Ababa. In addition, the survey covers the respective host communities around the camps, including the host communities o... | {
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Notes: (1) The table displays the estimation of the probability of being enrolled in college, employed, or employed in a formal firm given ENLACE grade 12
scores and a set of socioconomic variables. (2) Sample: ENILEMS-ENLACE panel. (3) All specifications include school fixed effects
45
<!-- PAGE 48 -->
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Maps provided by the humanitarian coordination body delineated displacement hotspots, areas of refugee concentration, and border crossing points used in the preparation of the targeting methodology. These maps were produced using UNHCR's population of concern data combined with host government administrative records. T... | {
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Thirty-eight percent of the sample was already engaged in at least one income-generating activity (IGA) at baseline. This is consistent with the national figures from the 2007 DHS survey, which found labor force participation rates of 34 % for women aged 15-19 and 49 % for women ages 20-24. It is also consistent with t... | {
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Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and geospatial analysis can be used to map, monitor and analyze data on forced displacement. Triangulation of this information with socio-economic and other indicators can provide a rich source of data and enable insights into underlying patterns and trends over time. (e) Use of big... | {
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daily changes in the amount of time spent at different places within a given geographic area. These data
capture daily percent changes from February 15 through July 15 relative to a baseline representing the
Figure 2 displays the Google Community Mobility data for both the entire country of Mali and
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Estimation Results Using Proposition 3 (i), we start first with transforming some positive variables including household size and age in the HEIS and LFS to normality using the Box-Cox method, then standardizing the variables in the LFS according to the distributions of the corresponding variables in the HEIS respectiv... | {
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The other source of micro data for Jordan during the pandemic is the COVID-19 MENA Monitor (CMM) data (OAMDI, 2021). This data was collected over three waves in February, June and August 2021 through a phone survey. It also has retrospective data on individuals ’ employment 6 Defence order number 6 stipulated, early Ap... | {
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consultation with UNHCR and RRS. We used the ESS EA maps to assess the settlement of communities around camps, ensuring a precise fit to the definition of a “host community”. The assessment highlighted that using the list of EAs obtained from the new cartographic frame57 meets the definition of host community In the SE... | {
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In households with more than two children, one child from each age group was chosen through a random selection process to participate, ensuring a broad representation of experiences within the study ’ s scope. Sampling frame. We use the 2018 population census data as a sampling frame for the Colombian sample. It allowe... | {
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Regrettably, until now almost all enrollment numbers cited have been based on establishment surveys which do just that. These data sources show that around 200, 000 children were enrolled full-time in madrassas before 2001. Since 2001, our school census suggests that these numbers may have increased somewhat, although ... | {
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15 causes of death. The Danish Epidemiology Science Centre (1999) found severe malnutrition and high mortality in a survey of 422 refugee children in Guinea ‐ Bissau. They report higher malnutrition and higher mortality for children living in a non ‐ camp setting, compared to children living in a camp. The Goma epidemi... | {
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