text stringlengths 1 1.11k | source dict |
|---|---|
electricity, harmonic-oscillator
How fast can electrons change their drift velocity? Isn't 10 kHz very fast ?
It's important to realize that conduction electrons have a much (much!) higher statistical velocity in all directions (search 'Fermi velocity'). But in average it is zero (no current). The drift velocity is on... | {
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"tags": "electricity, harmonic-oscillator",
"url": null
} |
organic-chemistry, nomenclature
Thank you The following IUPAC guidelines suggest the correct systematic nomenclature for simple primary amines.
P-62.2.1.2
Primary amines are systematically named in the following ways:
(1) by adding the suffix ‘amine’ to the name of the parent hydride;
(2) by adding the name of the su... | {
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"tags": "organic-chemistry, nomenclature",
"url": null
} |
qaoa, adiabatic-model
So, what's gone wrong? Unitary evolution is derived from the Schrodinger equation
$$
\frac{d|\psi\rangle}{dt}=-iH|\psi\rangle.
$$
If $H$ is constant in time, then the solution is $e^{-iHt}|\psi\rangle$. If $H$ varies in time, but commutes with itself at all times, the solution is $e^{-i\int H(t)d... | {
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"tags": "qaoa, adiabatic-model",
"url": null
} |
beginner, haskell
evalInstr '$' interp = set stack rest interp
where (_, rest) = safePop $ view stack interp
evalInstr '!' interp = set stack (newValue:rest) interp
where (popped, rest) = safePop $ view stack interp
newValue = if popped == 0 then 1 else 0
evalInstr '`' interp = set stack (newValue:rest) ... | {
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"tags": "beginner, haskell",
"url": null
} |
image-processing, fourier-transform
Title: MRI K-space to image: why track frequencies in two dimensions? While trying to better understand how an MRI goes from k-space to an image, I came across this wonderful website that explains how you would represent an image as a collection of rows of pixels where each row of ... | {
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"tags": "image-processing, fourier-transform",
"url": null
} |
-
Probably there is no description unless $\phi$ is flat. – Martin Brandenburg Sep 8 '10 at 10:10
$\text{Ann}(M\otimes_S R)=\text{Ann}(M)\otimes_S R$. – user641 Sep 8 '10 at 12:37
@Martin: I think I can live with the assumption that $\varphi$ is flat. @Steve: How do you identify $\text{Ann}(M)\otimes_S R$ with an ideal... | {
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"openwebmath_score": 0.9522702693939209,
"tag... |
c, game, error-handling, memory-management
if (input_file_name != NULL) {
if (strstr(input_file_name, ".txt") == NULL) {
return make_error("Eingabe-Datei kann nicht gelesen werden", COULD_NOT_READ_FILE);
}
params->input_file = fopen(input_file_name, "r");
if (params->input_... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "c, game, error-handling, memory-management",
"url": null
} |
electricity, electric-current, conductors
I believe it is related to the "energy" of electrons.
"flow" isn't related to "energy" of electrons quite well. As gold and copper are good conductors not because they have low electron negativity, their electrons are quite low in energy in the potential wells of the sea of nu... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "electricity, electric-current, conductors",
"url": null
} |
ros-indigo
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
ROS_INFO("Sum: %f", (float)srv.response.sum[i]);
}
} else {
ROS_ERROR("Failed to call service add_two_array");
return 1;
}
return 0;
}
Following is the server code-
#include "ros/ros.h"
#include "beginner_tutorials/AddTwoInts.h"
bool add(beginner_tuto... | {
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"tags": "ros-indigo",
"url": null
} |
object-oriented, game, objective-c
If you were working for a boss, and your boss said "We want to be able to make the dwarves dance on a floor. Can you have this done in an hour?" What would happen? You'd spend two minutes adding the dance job, and 58 minutes adding the dancing animation.
So perhaps the real lesson... | {
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"tags": "object-oriented, game, objective-c",
"url": null
} |
observational-astronomy, mass, gravitational-waves, instruments, merger
So you can see that to increase the observability you can increase the mass, decrease the period or decrease the distance.
But here are the complications. LIGO is only sensitive between about 30-3000 Hz and the GW frequencies are twice the orbital... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "observational-astronomy, mass, gravitational-waves, instruments, merger",
"url"... |
quantum-field-theory, special-relativity, causality, commutator
Thus it is crucial that if A and B do not commute, they are not spacelike separated. Or to remove the double negatives, it is crucial that A and B must commute if they are spacelike separated. Otherwise I can tell by doing measurements of A whether or not... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "quantum-field-theory, special-relativity, causality, commutator",
"url": null
} |
differential-geometry, tensor-calculus
Title: A particular contraction of Levi-Civita symbols and tetrads Consider a four-dimensional spacetime. Consider the following contraction between Levi-Civita symbols and tetrads
$$\epsilon_{\alpha \beta i j}\,{\epsilon^{ij}}_k\, e^\alpha\!\wedge e^\beta\!\wedge e^0\!\wedge e^k... | {
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"tags": "differential-geometry, tensor-calculus",
"url": null
} |
mag = abs(P1_norm_single);
Fsa = 1/(ta(2)-ta(1));
f_xa = Fsa*(0:(length(mag)-1))/N_a;
end
Assuming that the relevant portion of a continuous-time signal $$x(t)$$ is inside (or has been shifted to) the interval $$[0,T]$$, the DFT of a sampled version of the signal approximates the continuous-time Fourier transform (CT... | {
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"lm_q2_score": 0.828938806208442,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 1710.5069407889107,
"openwebmath_score": 0.8309540748596191,
"tag... |
javascript, performance, node.js, file-system
Title: Scanning directories and caching paths to an array What am I trying to do
I'm trying to scan a disk and save (cache) all the paths of files and directories into an array so that I could perform a quick file/directory search later on.
Implementation
I'm using a Node.... | {
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"tags": "javascript, performance, node.js, file-system",
"url": null
} |
visible-light, speed-of-light, refraction, causality, cherenkov-radiation
Title: Is the speed of causality slower in water? I've recently read that what most people learned to think of as the 'speed of light' is actually the 'speed of causality', and that light just happens to travel at that speed (through free-space.... | {
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"tags": "visible-light, speed-of-light, refraction, causality, cherenkov-radiation",
"url... |
object-oriented, strings, ruby, html
show_info(info)
post_search_options
Refactoring #2
After the first refactoring, it becomes clear that the case statement is simply translating a String to a method name (which gets translated back to a String in the method itself). This is inefficient. It might be tempting to gene... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "object-oriented, strings, ruby, html",
"url": null
} |
php, object-oriented
$data = $this->parser->parse($filename);
$this->calculator = new ScoreCalculator($data);
$participantIndex = filter_var($whoHow, FILTER_VALIDATE_INT);
if ($participantIndex === false) {
$values = $this->calculator->getColumnValues($what);
try {
... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "php, object-oriented",
"url": null
} |
c#, algorithm, programming-challenge, matrix
Title: Leetcode 54: Spiral Matrix Problem statement
Given a matrix of m x n elements (m rows, n columns), return all elements of the matrix in spiral order.
For example,
Given the following matrix:
[
[ 1, 2, 3 ],
[ 4, 5, 6 ],
[ 7, 8, 9 ]
]
You sho... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "c#, algorithm, programming-challenge, matrix",
"url": null
} |
python, excel, time
Title: Help improving my "read_excel" execution time in python. My code reads slowly My first question here so please bare with me.
I'm trying to feed my neural network with training data read in from an excel file. It works perfectly fine when i have less than 50 rows in the sheet. But when i try ... | {
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"tags": "python, excel, time",
"url": null
} |
python, file-system
This will perform one write per subdir, which should be faster than a write after every file. If you have a lot of files this will take more memory, which should be slightly mitigated by doing a write for each subdir. You can even pull the checksums list outside of the os.walk loop to have only one... | {
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"tags": "python, file-system",
"url": null
} |
ros, ros-kinetic, movegroup
Original comments
Comment by jayess on 2019-01-17:
Can you please update your question with all of the comments removed? Your code is unnecessarily long with them in and difficult to read
Comment by stevensu1838 on 2019-01-18:
Hi buddy, updated. Basically, what I've done is I added a subscr... | {
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general-relativity, warp-drives
A formula to arrive at $\gamma$ is given in the paper. Now ...
I assume that the lower limit to create such a "warp bubble" is independent of the method or device or whatever used, there's a hard lower physical limit - is this even correct?
Now, as an example, how much energy would be ... | {
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simulate a biased coin using a fair coin. In an effort to prove that the coin is unfair, an experimenter flips the coin 50 times. 2 is flipped. Combination calculator Find the number of combinations. ) Given that the first coin has shown head, the conditional probability that the second coin is fair, is. There Are Two ... | {
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"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8066497311802325,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8198933359135361,
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"openwebmath_score": 0.7294924855232239,
"tag... |
ros-melodic, roslaunch, ros-kinetic, rospack
Title: How to roslaunch cwd=node other project?
I know about the roslaunch attribute cwd:
cwd="ROS_HOME|node"(optional)
If 'node', the working directory of the node will be set to the same directory as the node's executable.
-- https://wiki.ros.org/roslaunch/XML/node#Att... | {
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"tags": "ros-melodic, roslaunch, ros-kinetic, rospack",
"url": null
} |
optics, photons, frequency, non-linear-optics, photonics
As far as I know, a laser pulse can be written as:
$$ E(t) =A(t) e^{iω_0t}$$
where $A(t) $ is the envelope of the pulse and $ω_0$ the carrier frequency. Fourier transforming this expression, we can obtain the spectrum of the pulse: it will be centered around the... | {
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"tags": "optics, photons, frequency, non-linear-optics, photonics",
"url": null
} |
simulations, differential-equations
Title: Elastic pendulum: First order ODE I need to model an elastic pendulum. The spring has a spring constant $k$. Mass-, nominal pendulum length and gravitational constant are taken to be one. The model equations are give:
$$
\dot y_1 = y_3
$$
$$
\dot y_2 = y_4
$$
$$
\dot y_3 = -y... | {
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A reasonable way to quantify the "sensitivity" of the mean/median to an outlier is to use the absolute rate-of-change of the mean/median as we change that data point. To that end, consider a subsample $$x_1,...,x_{n-1}$$ and one more data point $$x$$ (the one we will vary). If we denote the sample mean of this data by ... | {
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"lm_q2_score": 0.8244619199068831,
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"openwebmath_score": 0.8301829099655151,
"ta... |
lambda-calculus, functional-programming
or assume an already existing intuitive familiarity with either $\lambda$-calculus or the practicalities of functional programming. (Essentially these explanations suffer from the curse of knowledge: the authors cannot place themselves in the shoes of someone who doesn't have th... | {
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"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "lambda-calculus, functional-programming",
"url": null
} |
formal-languages, regular-languages, pumping-lemma
$xy^iz\in L_q$ for any $i\ge 0$
$|y|>0$
$|xy|\le p$ | {
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equations. Share a link to this widget: More. These tests will be important for checking the boundaries of an interval of convergence for a power series. It is not obvious that the sequence b n decreases monotonically to 0. Intervals of Convergence of Power Series. 1 Introduction The topic of this chapter is find approx... | {
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"openwebmath_score": 0.2524711489677429,... |
object-oriented, ruby, role-playing-game
class Game
def initialize
@player = Creature.new name: "You", level: 5
@world = World.new
end
def play
@current_scene = Scene.new(@world.scenes.first)
@current_scene.intro
while @player.is_alive?
self.show_choices
end
end
def show_c... | {
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} |
virology, taxonomy, virus, nomenclature
Raoult, D. and Forterre, P. 2008. Redefining viruses: lessons from Mimivirus. Nature Reviews Microbiology. 6:315-319. (http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro1858)
Scola, B., Desnues, C., Pagnier, I., et al. The virophage as a unique parasite of the giant mimivirus. 2008. Nature... | {
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c++, performance, php, mysql, comparative-review
#include "mysql.h"
#include <string>
#include <unordered_map>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
#include <iostream>
// Very slimline wrapper around mysql connector-C. Limited features. Zero cost abstraction
namespace mysqlpp {
class row {
public:
explicit row(MY... | {
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performance, haskell, mathematics, state
--Generates an infinite list of untouchable numbers
untouchables :: CalcualtedSumsST [Int]
untouchables = filterM untouchable [1..]
--Tests weather a number is untouchable
untouchable :: Int -> CalcualtedSumsST Bool
untouchable 1 = return False
untouchable n = all (/=n) <$> ma... | {
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} |
algorithms, dynamic-programming, shortest-path
Title: Recursive DP vs Graph Traversal solutions to path-based problems I am studying some algorithms interview questions and I am seeing many path-based questions like "if a robot is at the top left of a grid and can only move down or to the right, how many paths can tak... | {
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"tags": "algorithms, dynamic-programming, shortest-path",
"url": null
} |
python, recursion
def dlen(*args, deep=False):
"""
Executes a recursive len() on all passed arguments and their contents.
Parameters:
*args (tuple): An unrolled tuple of arguments.
deep (bool): An initial value to which all other values will be added (with type conversions if necessary).
... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "python, recursion",
"url": null
} |
python
:param next_letter: the user's guess
"""
self._guessed_letters.add(next_letter)
correct, letters_remaining = self._check_guess_against_secret(next_letter, secret_word, guessed_letters)
if not correct:
self._incorrect_guess_count += 1
if letters_remaining == ... | {
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"tags": "python",
"url": null
} |
-Dan
12. Hi
Originally Posted by topsquark
c)
$2x^2 \equiv 27~\text{(mod 41)}$
$21 \cdot 2x^2 \equiv 21 \cdot 27~\text{(mod 41)}$
$x^2 \equiv 34~\text{(mod 41)}$
and this has no solution.
Shouldn't the second line be $21 \cdot 2x^2 \equiv 21 \cdot 27~\text{(mod} \,41{ \color{red}\cdot 21}\text{)}$ ?
Why? One is all... | {
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"tag... |
kalman-filter, autonomous-car
1. Robot is travelling to the absolute north with a speed of 1m per second.
2. Robot is travelling to the absolute north-west with a speed of 1m per second.
In both cases robot travels towards its' heading direction but in world coordinate frame the heading is different.
We can calculate... | {
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"tags": "kalman-filter, autonomous-car",
"url": null
} |
electromagnetism, special-relativity, mass, momentum
An answer to any one of the three bullet points would be appreciated. The way I see it is as follows.
By definition in relativity the mass is the measure of inertia (and equals to gravitational mass). Scalar mass simply means that the motion in 3-D space in whatev... | {
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"tags": "electromagnetism, special-relativity, mass, momentum",
"url": null
} |
c++, reinventing-the-wheel, c++17, template-meta-programming, polymorphism
// [func.wrap.func], class template function
template <class R, class... Args>
class function<R(Args...)> :public detail::function_base<Args...> {
public:
using result_type = R;
// [func.wrap.func.con], construct/copy/destroy
... | {
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"tags": "c++, reinventing-the-wheel, c++17, template-meta-programming, polymorphism",
... |
javascript, algorithm, jquery
Oh...while i'm thinking about DOM objects...one more thing that could easily impact performance: keep an eye on your use of jQuery. Use it when it's doing something complicated that you don't want to have to do, but be aware that it's doing a lot of extra crap behind the scenes. For ex... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "javascript, algorithm, jquery",
"url": null
} |
electrostatics, charge, potential, potential-energy
$$V = \frac{1}{4\pi \epsilon_0} \int_S \frac{\sigma}{|\vec{r}-\vec{r}\hspace{1pt}'|} da'$$
where $\vec{r}$ is the location of $\rho$ and $\vec{r}\hspace{1pt}'$ is the position of the the other charges which affects $\rho$. One can see that this integral diverges, whi... | {
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"tags": "electrostatics, charge, potential, potential-energy",
"url": null
} |
import numpy as np
from scipy.integrate import odeint
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
def dxdL(x, Lambda):
return (5 * x - 10) / (2 * x - 5 * Lambda)
x0 = -2
Lspan = np.linspace(0, 1)
x = odeint(dxdL, x0, Lspan)
plt.plot(Lspan, x)
plt.xlabel('$\lambda$')
plt.ylabel('x')
plt.savefig('images/nonlin-contin-II-2.png') | {
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"openwebmath_score": 0.7209925651550293,
"tags": null,
... |
c, assembly, fpga
it will be easier to access it everywhere. Also you should be putting such constants in a header file for easy modification.
Don't use the register keyword unless you are very much sure. If you are using any modern compiler it would be better at optimizing the use of register variables than you the p... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "c, assembly, fpga",
"url": null
} |
java, spring
@Test
public void getBestSellers() throws IOException {
File in = getFile("/merlin/BestsellersMerlin.html");
Document empikDocument = Jsoup.parse(in, "UTF-8");
when(jSoupConnector.connect(any())).thenReturn(empikDocument);
when(merlinUrlProperties.getConcreteBook()).th... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "java, spring",
"url": null
} |
newtonian-mechanics, forces, reference-frames
Title: Forces in a non-inertial frame of reference If we have a body which does not move with respect to a non-inertial frame of reference then is the sum of the forces always zero for that body in the non-inertial frame of reference?
I've been thinking that it makes sense... | {
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"tags": "newtonian-mechanics, forces, reference-frames",
"url": null
} |
We consider the lattice paths of length $$n$$ from $$(0,0)$$ to $$(n+1-i,i-1)$$ consisting of $$(1,0)$$-steps and $$(0,1)$$-steps only. The number of these paths is $$\binom{n}{n+1-i}$$ since we have to choose precisely $$n+1-i$$ $$(1,0)$$-steps out of $$n$$ steps.
We fix a vertical line going through $$(n-i,0)$$. Eac... | {
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"openwebmath_perplexity": 116.0039268294481,
"openwebmath_score": 0.9997411370277405,
"tags... |
performance, sql, sql-server, t-sql
EXEC spPerformAggregateCalculation
@UpdateIntervalSeconds = 5,
@StartTime = '2018-04-01 00:00:00',
@EndTime = '2018-04-01 00:00:10'
Is there a more efficient way to get this data? I'll be performing more complex aggregations on millions of rows on a daily basis, so ever... | {
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"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "performance, sql, sql-server, t-sql",
"url": null
} |
special-relativity, energy, mass, momentum, mass-energy
the same $m$ that enters the formula for the energy also enters the formula for momentum. Thus, the same $m$ that represents both the measure of the energy in the rest frame (via entering the formula for energy) and the property of inertia (via entering the formu... | {
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"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "special-relativity, energy, mass, momentum, mass-energy",
"url": null
} |
javascript, jquery, html, dom
Title: A simple jQuery function that removes empty or tags containing just ' ' I've made a simple function, this time in jQuery rather than JS, that just removes empty <p></p>, span and strong tags. I'm curious to see what everyone thinks about my solution as I'm relatively new to jQuery,... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "javascript, jquery, html, dom",
"url": null
} |
ros, sbpl
/home/gmanfred/devel/ros/packs/full-body-nav/sbpl_arm_planner/src/occupancy_grid.cpp: In member function ‘void sbpl_arm_planner::OccupancyGrid::visualize()’:
/home/gmanfred/devel/ros/packs/full-body-nav/sbpl_arm_planner/src/occupancy_grid.cpp:208:10: error: ‘class distance_field::PropagationDistanceField’ ... | {
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"id": 14769,
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "ros, sbpl",
"url": null
} |
organic-chemistry, purification
Title: How to obtain pure alcohol from mixture of alcohol & carbonyl? (Grignard experiment) If one discovers that after finishing up a Grignard reaction that their alcohol product has been contaminated with the carbonyl starting material, how could they separate the alcohol from the car... | {
"domain": "chemistry.stackexchange",
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"tags": "organic-chemistry, purification",
"url": null
} |
java, tree, programming-challenge
private void recalculateDescendants () {
nDescendants = 0;
for (Node c : children) {
nDescendants += 1 + c.getNDescendants();
}
}
Why :
Each method is shorter then the whole method.
It's easier to read and to comprehent the actual doing of the method.
Now there is... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "java, tree, programming-challenge",
"url": null
} |
particle-physics, experimental-physics, mass, nuclear-physics, atomic-physics
Title: How to measure the mass of alpha particle? I was reading the rutherford experiment of the $\alpha$ particles. where we conclude that the positive charge and mass are concentrated in the center of atoms. while concluding the above resu... | {
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"tags": "particle-physics, experimental-physics, mass, nuclear-physics, atomic-physics",
... |
fft, aliasing
If you do spectral analysis is typically better to use WAY more points then 10 in the time domain
Look at your y axis and make sure your graphs are properly scaled. $f=10$ aliases indeed back to $f=0$. All you see is numerical noise and your y-scale is $10^{-15}$. This would be different if you choose a ... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "fft, aliasing",
"url": null
} |
formal-grammars, parsers
\NT{if\;statement}&\to\T{if}\;\NT{expression}\;\T{then}\;\NT{statement}\\
\NT{if\;statement}&\to\T{if}\;\NT{expression}\;\T{then}\;\NT{statement}\;\T{else}\NT{statement}\\
\end{align}$$
But that grammar is ambiguous because it doesn't specify which $\T{if}$ should be matched by an $\T{else}$, ... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "formal-grammars, parsers",
"url": null
} |
java, performance, linked-list, deque, heuristic
default:
return false;
}
}
}
} After 24 days being asked, just a tiny review, as I actually cannot spend time. It is sad noone found time to do a thorough review on something promising. Probably because of the effort.
Use Obje... | {
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"tags": "java, performance, linked-list, deque, heuristic",
"url": null
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Source: GMAT Prep Exam. Solution : E
To me the question looks straight forward.
we know 12! is multiple of all numbers from 1 to 12, so dividing it by 6! or 8! is pretty much sure an integer.
now coming to the 3rd options 12! by 5! leaves 12*11*10*9*8*7*6/1*2*3*4*5*6*7 which results in integer, so the answe E is righ... | {
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"openwebmath_perplexity": 3044.6973856992518,
"openwebmath_score": 0.7608386278152466,
"tags": null,
"url": "htt... |
python, optimization, mathematics, numerical-methods
def newton_method(self):
'''
perform multivariate newton method for function with vector input
and scalar output
'''
x_t=self.start_point
#Get an approximation to hessian of function
H=nd.Hessian(self.func)
... | {
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"tags": "python, optimization, mathematics, numerical-methods",
"url": null
} |
ros-indigo, transform
tf::TransformBroadcaster br;
br.sentTransform(tf::StampedTransform(markerTransform, t_0, "camera_frame_tf", "marker_frame_tf")); | {
"domain": "robotics.stackexchange",
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"lm_q2_score": null,
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "ros-indigo, transform",
"url": null
} |
quantum-mechanics, quantum-spin, many-body
Title: X, Y-components of the spin density operator always equal to 0? In the second quantization formalism spin density operator is defined in the following way:
$$\hat{\mathbf{S}}(x) = \frac{\hbar}{2}\sum\limits_{\sigma, \sigma'}\hat{\Psi}^{\dagger}_{\sigma}(x)\boldsymbol{\... | {
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"tags": "quantum-mechanics, quantum-spin, many-body",
"url": null
} |
java, parsing, memory-management, csv
static void buildFirstColumn()
{
lineBuilder.append("\"").append(scanner.next()).append(" ").append(scanner.next()).append("\",\"").append(scanner.next()).append("\"");
lines.add(lineCount,lineBuilder.toString());
lineCount++;
... | {
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "java, parsing, memory-management, csv",
"url": null
} |
biochemistry, dna, lab-techniques, dna-sequencing, lab-reagents
Why are other additives important for laboratory DNA solutions?
So my question is why is DNA dissolved in exclusively water seemingly "uncommon" in laboratories? Is there something about pure water that is bad for DNA storage? Is it that functionally DNA ... | {
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"tags": "biochemistry, dna, lab-techniques, dna-sequencing, lab-reagents",
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} |
# Can every proof by contradiction also be shown without contradiction?
Are there some proofs that can only be shown by contradiction or can everything that can be shown by contradiction also be shown without contradiction? What are the advantages/disadvantages of proving by contradiction?
As an aside, how is proving... | {
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"openwebmath_perplexity": 160.97916514303006,
"openwebmath_score": 0.8328729271888733,
"ta... |
python, python-3.x, programming-challenge
def print_test_results(self):
print('\n\n Test Report')
print('====================================================')
print('tests succeed = ' + str(self.passed))
print("tests failed = " + str(self.failed))
print('percent of tests passin... | {
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"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "python, python-3.x, programming-challenge",
"url": null
} |
algorithm, c, game
Title: Simple Word Search Game I've created a fairly simple word search generator/solver. I'm looking to improve on picking the right algorithm to tackle problems like this, so any criticisms on my code would be greatly appreciated :)
#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<... | {
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"tags": "algorithm, c, game",
"url": null
} |
Last edited: Sep 24, 2006
5. Sep 24, 2006
### SGT
You're right
6. Sep 24, 2006
### kolycholy
i agree with you people that the period should be 1/2.
but when i look at the graph, it seems like it's 2!
can anybody plot for me and see if they are getting the period 1/2 or 2, just based on the plot?
thanks!
7. Sep 25... | {
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"openwebmath_perplexity": 1391.157098367727,
"openwebmath_score": 0.8968569040298462,
... |
haskell, math-expression-eval, monads
The data type EvalErr has both ParseErr, StackErr and OpErr. A common error type for your entire pipeline seems like an OK idea, since the individual parts (parser, evaluator) will not be used independently.
Your error values are all parameterised with a String, which can be super... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
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} |
finite-automata
Furthermore, even if two outgoing 'a's are allowed, once you have gone to q2, no multiples of 2 are possible anymore in your NFA.
That said, I do not know if you can really draw a good NFA since your definition of L allows for quite some correct multiples of a. You could start by making a list of all p... | {
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• You did it the sensible way. For the second, there would be fancier ways that appeal to the density of the primes. – André Nicolas Aug 20 '14 at 19:21
• For the second, you could also use the Chinese Remainder Theorem. But that would be overkill, unless you are interested in generalizations. – André Nicolas Aug 20 '1... | {
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"lm_q2_score": 0.8723473730188542,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 251.87769730467906,
"openwebmath_score": 0.8063982129096985,
"ta... |
ros, roslib, ros-kinetic, pythonpath
The file in "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/flydra_camnode/camnode.py" is unable to find the correct path along the $PYTHONPATH to the directory containing the roslib module.
echo $PYTHONPATH
Simply returns blank, which I read on an erroneous forum post that a blank $PYTHONPATH... | {
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"id": 33058,
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"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "ros, roslib, ros-kinetic, pythonpath",
"url": null
} |
physical-chemistry, equilibrium, solubility, solutions, concentration
For the solubility of solids, it is technically similar, the A is solid and the interaction which hold sit together is the lattice energy.
As a side note, if you ask about solubility, miscibility and such, you should refrain from ideal approximation... | {
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"tags": "physical-chemistry, equilibrium, solubility, solutions, concentration",
"url": ... |
electric-fields, conductors
Title: Why there is no electric field due to the free charges of conductor although it is not placed in electric field? As we know that the conductor contains a lot of free charges positive as well negative. And also if it is placed inside the electric field the charges of conductor arrange... | {
"domain": "physics.stackexchange",
"id": 67316,
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"lm_q2_score": null,
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "electric-fields, conductors",
"url": null
} |
c++, beginner, number-guessing-game
Don't use using namespace std
Consider not using rand()
Prefer using \n over std::endl
return 0 can be dropped from main as it's optional
You really need better variable names. Names should explain what the variable is used for. If you pick better names your superfluous comments ca... | {
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"id": 29645,
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "c++, beginner, number-guessing-game",
"url": null
} |
general-relativity, differential-geometry, kerr-metric
If the particle of interest is the ZAMO, then $p_\phi=0$ so $\frac{\mathrm{d}\phi}{\mathrm{d}t} = \frac{g^{\phi t}}{g^{t t}}$. This is frame-dragging.
If you carry out the momentum based process in the locally inertial ZAMO frame, the metric of interest is Minkow... | {
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"id": 32007,
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "general-relativity, differential-geometry, kerr-metric",
"url": null
} |
quantum-mechanics, measurement-problem, multiverse, bohmian-mechanics
\end{align}
Option $2$
Similarly, the other option is that Wigner would observe the state
\begin{align}
\mathbb{P}_{\leftarrow}\vert\psi\rangle =
\vert \mathrm{outcoming }\leftarrow\rangle\otimes\Big(&\langle\mathrm{outcoming }\leftarrow\vert \mathr... | {
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"id": 81296,
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "quantum-mechanics, measurement-problem, multiverse, bohmian-mechanics",
"url": n... |
meteorology, severe-weather, flooding
Regarding drought, drought severity is relative to the amount of precipitation and soil moisture levels typical for a specific locale. This means that even a rainforest can suffer drought. Because it's a relative concept, the rainfall during a drought in a rainforest would be a ra... | {
"domain": "earthscience.stackexchange",
"id": 2425,
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"tags": "meteorology, severe-weather, flooding",
"url": null
} |
javascript
function Scroll(ScrollValue1) {
windowPageYOffset = window.pageYOffset;
if(windowPageYOffset == ScrollValue1) {
doneValue = true;
}
// scroll up
else if(windowPageYOffset >= ScrollValue1) {
window.scrollBy(0, -(1 + ((windowPageYOffset - ScrollValue1) / 10)));
}
//... | {
"domain": "codereview.stackexchange",
"id": 1974,
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"lm_q1_score": null,
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "javascript",
"url": null
} |
quantum-mechanics, operators, conservation-laws, hamiltonian, time-evolution
So, the conservation of $O$ does not require the system to be stationary, it only requires the evolution to be such that it remains in the same eigen-subspace of $O$ that it starts with. This is exactly what is ensured by its commutation with... | {
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"tags": "quantum-mechanics, operators, conservation-laws, hamiltonian, time-evolution",
"... |
“Function Arguments” pop-up box will appear asking for the number to be plugged into the sine function. ceil (x) ¶ Return the ceiling of x as a float, the smallest integer value greater than or equal to x. 4_practice_solutions. DO NOT GRAPH!! 1. Some variations include the ability to “retrigger” the pulse, extending th... | {
"domain": "salesianipinerolo.it",
"id": null,
"lm_label": "1. YES\n2. YES",
"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.9850429116504951,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8250915995526686,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8376199552262967,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 1644.3225169787613,
"openwebmath_score": 0.6696335077285767,
... |
c++, performance, sorting
And we have to carefully maintain a pqueue for at least
the bin containing the median, plus maybe a pair of neighboring bins.
When the median shifts out of its current bin we may need to
do an expensive replay of D expenditures to locate its new bin,
which usually but not always will be adjac... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "c++, performance, sorting",
"url": null
} |
general-relativity, cosmology, energy-conservation, universe, space-expansion
Title: Does a zero-energy universe imply a Big Crunch? My reasoning is that since gravity is the only source of negative energy in the universe (under the assumption that all the other forces eventually cancel out without any overall effect)... | {
"domain": "physics.stackexchange",
"id": 49808,
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"tags": "general-relativity, cosmology, energy-conservation, universe, space-expansion",
... |
For those of you who enjoy pausing and pondering, take a moment to find a similar line of reasoning which explains what the derivative of $\cos(\theta)$ should be.
In the next lesson we'll figure out the derivatives of functions that combine simple functions like these, either as sums, products, or functions compositi... | {
"domain": "3blue1brown.com",
"id": null,
"lm_label": "1. YES\n2. YES",
"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.9941800393811079,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8033643010853854,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8080672204860316,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 186.90900682304365,
"openwebmath_score": 0.8011980652809143,
"tags... |
geophysics, earth-rotation, turbulence
After this experiment was done, we added more dye. But now we mixed it gently with a stroke of a pen, to make turbulence. I then see some spirals being formed, so the water must mix a bit horizontally now. But why? And how does the rotating water affect turbulence? The dye diffus... | {
"domain": "earthscience.stackexchange",
"id": 2118,
"lm_label": null,
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"lm_q1_score": null,
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "geophysics, earth-rotation, turbulence",
"url": null
} |
organic-chemistry, reaction-mechanism, synthesis
The resulting molecule is extremely reactive. So it can easily react with the enolized malonate. The enolization might be facilitated by the $\ce{ZnCl2}$ and/or the cat. $\ce{H+}$.
(I'm not entirely sure whether the $\ce{ZnCl2}$ really plays the role I've given it below... | {
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"id": 42,
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"lm_name": null,
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "organic-chemistry, reaction-mechanism, synthesis",
"url": null
} |
reference-request, machine-learning, combinatorics, optimization, search-problem
So how do you measure distance? Linear distance may look tempting but has its problems; again, wrong signals may be sent. Consider this simple scenario: | {
"domain": "cs.stackexchange",
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"tags": "reference-request, machine-learning, combinatorics, optimization, search-problem",
"url... |
It has already been said in the comments that the error estimates you cite are upper bounds, so actual errors may be smaller and $E_M$ won't usually be exactly half of $E_T$ (and may actually be larger in some cases).
Nevertheless, it is well worth pointing out that if the function you are integrating happens to be a ... | {
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"id": null,
"lm_label": "1. YES\n2. YES",
"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.9850429103332288,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8504777877083702,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8633916134888614,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 235.91348479251434,
"openwebmath_score": 0.8626505136489868,
"ta... |
python, image, ascii-art
LLLLLLCCCCCCLLQLCJCLLCJJJUUUJCLLLLLQQLCJQp#$WhpmZOQZkMWY<;I,^^^`''.'!(OWodpdbbddddbddddpddbdbbkbddbbddbbbbbbbkkbdddbbddbbbbbdddbkkkkkkkbdddbbkbbbbbbkkbbbddddkhkba#B&d0JUUYYXYYYXzcccvvcccvvvnnnuvuuvvuuuvcvuuuuuuuvvcccccccccvvvvzzcczzczzzzXXzXXXXzccczXUUzccXJLLCUYXYYYYUUJL0LJXXCZdbdmQJUYYUJJJUUJ... | {
"domain": "codereview.stackexchange",
"id": 43626,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
"lm_q1_score": null,
"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "python, image, ascii-art",
"url": null
} |
nuclear-physics, fusion
Using the assumption that the atomic radius is small compared to the fusion cross section radius, I can claim $\sin{ \theta} = a/s$. The electrostatic force from the net charges on the atom/ion will operate along the line between the moving atom/ion and the target atom/ion. The distance betwe... | {
"domain": "physics.stackexchange",
"id": 4481,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
"lm_q1_score": null,
"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "nuclear-physics, fusion",
"url": null
} |
c#, design-patterns, entity-framework, interface, repository
using(var db = new AWEntities())
{
db.Orders.AddRange(orders);
await db.SaveChangesAsync();
} | {
"domain": "codereview.stackexchange",
"id": 24568,
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "c#, design-patterns, entity-framework, interface, repository",
"url": null
} |
foundations, category-theory
As one should expect of abstract mathematical techniques with foundational motivations, there are also payoffs for areas of computer science which are adjacent to quantum information theory:
Some recent techniques for solving problems in counting complexity regarding the Holant, which ar... | {
"domain": "quantumcomputing.stackexchange",
"id": 148,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
"lm_q1_score": null,
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "foundations, category-theory",
"url": null
} |
time-series, accuracy, forecasting
$\alpha\approx x$ when $x$ is small
$\alpha\to\pi/2\approx 1.57$ when $x\to+\infty$.
So if you have errors $E_i=\left(A_i -F_i\right)/A_i$ for actual ($A_i$) and forecast ($F_i$) at time $i$, transforming your errors using $\arctan$ and averaging the result (assuming $i=1\dots N$):
... | {
"domain": "datascience.stackexchange",
"id": 10633,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
"lm_q1_score": null,
"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "time-series, accuracy, forecasting",
"url": null
} |
We have \eqalign{ & \sum\limits_{0\, \le \,i\, \le \,k} {\left( \matrix{ n - 2 + k - i \cr k - i \cr} \right)} = \cr & = \sum\limits_{0\, \le \,j\, \le \,k} {\left( \matrix{ n - 2 + j \cr j \cr} \right)} = \quad \quad (1) \cr & = \sum\limits_{\left( {0\, \le } \right)\,j\,\left( { \le \,k} \right)} {\left( \matrix{ k -... | {
"domain": "stackexchange.com",
"id": null,
"lm_label": "1. YES\n2. YES",
"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.9799765563713599,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8348937749056745,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8519528038477824,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 580.8207129183805,
"openwebmath_score": 0.9998753070831299,
"tag... |
enzymes
Dasatinib on the other hand binds to (and blocks) the part where normally the base of ATP binds. This part does not strongly change its conformation between active and inactive state and thus dasatinib should be able to bind to both active and inactive conformation. However note that the ability of dasatinib t... | {
"domain": "biology.stackexchange",
"id": 5703,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
"lm_q1_score": null,
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "enzymes",
"url": null
} |
java, optimization, algorithm
This is a definite improvement (of around 25.2%), and this is about as far as we can go without any other help. But can go further if we use the Binary GCD algorithm. So here it is:
The binary GCD algorithm
/**
* Returns the GCD (Greatest Common Divisor, also known as the GCF -
* Greate... | {
"domain": "codereview.stackexchange",
"id": 12252,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
"lm_q1_score": null,
"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "java, optimization, algorithm",
"url": null
} |
sql, sql-server, database, t-sql
CONSTRAINT [PK_Thread] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED ([ThreadId] ASC)
);
GO
-- ************************************** [dbo].[ThreadParticipator]
CREATE TABLE [dbo].[ThreadParticipator]
(
[ThreadId] uniqueidentifier NOT NULL ,
[PartyId] uniqueidentifier NOT NULL ,
CONSTRAINT [PK_ThreadPa... | {
"domain": "codereview.stackexchange",
"id": 34779,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
"lm_q1_score": null,
"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "sql, sql-server, database, t-sql",
"url": null
} |
ros-lunar
y[4] = msg->data;
}
//private: ... | {
"domain": "robotics.stackexchange",
"id": 30004,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
"lm_q1_score": null,
"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "ros-lunar",
"url": null
} |
quantum-field-theory, feynman-diagrams, path-integral, perturbation-theory
Title: Expanding the generating functional $W[J]$ for connected diagrams as a power series in $\hbar$ This is a follow up of a recent post I made (Making sense of stationary phase method for the path integral), but here I will work in Euclidean... | {
"domain": "physics.stackexchange",
"id": 99929,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
"lm_q1_score": null,
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "quantum-field-theory, feynman-diagrams, path-integral, perturbation-theory",
"ur... |
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