text stringlengths 1 1.11k | source dict |
|---|---|
c++, c++20
However, the return value is always either valid data or an error, not both. This means it should be a std::variant, not a std::pair.
Returning a sum type like std::variant means you no longer need an OK error value: the absence of an error is instead represented by the return value holding something other... | {
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"tags": "c++, c++20",
"url": null
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homework-and-exercises, electric-circuits, electronics
It is stipulated that the 18V voltage delivers 8A which I interpret to mean that the 8A leaves the positive terminal of the source to enter the top node thus, the currents entering the top node sum to
$$8A + 13A$$
The currents leaving the top node sum to
$$\frac{1... | {
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"tags": "homework-and-exercises, electric-circuits, electronics",
"url": null
} |
python, neural-network, keras, linear-regression
X_valid = X[split:, :-1]
Y_valid = Y[split:, -1:]
print(X_train.shape)
print(Y_train.shape)
print()
print(X_valid.shape)
print(Y_valid.shape)
## Graph of one of the series:
plt.plot(X_train[0])
## Sample model (takes about a minute to run):
clear_session()
model_f... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "python, neural-network, keras, linear-regression",
"url": null
} |
complexity-theory, np-complete, reductions, space-complexity
Title: Does graph connectivity being NP-complete imply NL=P? I asked this question on cstheory.se before, where someone pointed out that it is equivalent to asking whether P=NP implies NL=P (thus I edited the question accordingly).
However, my supervisor cl... | {
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"tags": "complexity-theory, np-complete, reductions, space-complexity",
"url": null
} |
homework-and-exercises, electromagnetism, electricity, electric-circuits, mathematical-physics
Title: Transformer universal EMF equation derivation At this Wikipedia page, we've that the 'Transformer universal EMF equation' looks like:
$$\text{E}_{\text{rms}}=\frac{2\pi\times\text{f}\times\text{n}\times\text{a}\times\... | {
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"tags": "homework-and-exercises, electromagnetism, electricity, electric-circuits, mathemat... |
java, security, cryptography, aes
MessageDigest digest = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA-256");
return digest.digest(bytes);
}
public static String bytesToHex(byte[] bytes) {
StringBuilder hexStringBuilder = new StringBuilder(2 * bytes.length);
for (byte b : bytes) {
hexStri... | {
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"tags": "java, security, cryptography, aes",
"url": null
} |
the-moon, natural-satellites
Title: Is Earth's moon the only one where a total eclipse of the sun covers the entire sun? Is Earth's moon the only one where a total eclipse of the sun covers the entire sun?
Are any other moons the same size as the sun as viewed from their planet like Earth's moon? As planets get farthe... | {
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"tags": "the-moon, natural-satellites",
"url": null
} |
java, swing
Title: Simple Java Wizard Working on a project, I encountered a need to create a wizard and when I ran into the need for a second, slightly different wizard, I generalized into these classes.
I originally based it off of this tutorial and attempt to adhere to these design considerations:
Allow traversing ... | {
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"url": null
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general-relativity, special-relativity
This is basically correct. More precisely, if an object is to remain rigid as it accelerates, then different parts of the object require different proper accelerations. The rear of the object has to accelerate faster than the front.
There are several ways to understand this. One ... | {
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"tags": "general-relativity, special-relativity",
"url": null
} |
quantum-field-theory, group-theory, group-representations
Thus the question one could ask is rather why we study groups and not only the representations. The answer would be that the abstract notion of the group incapsulates the simplest structure present in a representation, and then the representation is viewed as a... | {
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poly[n_Integer] := Sum[Subscript[x, r]*((Sum[Subscript[x, i], {i, 1, n}] -
Subscript[x, r])^2 - Sum[Subscript[x, i]^2, {i, 1, n}]), {r, 1, n}]
With[{n = 3},
First @ GroebnerBasis[
Prepend[Table[
p[k] - First[SymmetricReduction[Sum[Subscript[x, i]^k, {i, n}],
Table[Subscript[x, i], {i, n}], Table[s[j], {j, n}]]],
{k, n... | {
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"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8229839790878315,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8539127492339909,
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"openwebmath_score": 0.3565412163734436,
"tag... |
vba, error-handling, ms-access
becomes
ErrorHandler:
this.IsPageLoaded = False
webDLStatus.downloadStatus = SiteNotLoaded
With Err
LogManager.Log ErrorLevel, "SnapSurvey page failed to load. Number: " & .Number & " Description: " & .Description
If .Number = 13 Then
LogManager.Log ErrorLevel, " >>>... | {
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"tags": "vba, error-handling, ms-access",
"url": null
} |
ros, beginner-tutorials
Title: Error at the beginner_tutorials package - build error (ROS tutorials)
Hello,
I am a beginner at ROS and I was doing the following tutorial :
http://wiki.ros.org/ROS/Tutorials/WritingPublisherSubscriber%28c%2B%2B%29 .
I did exactly what the tutorial instructed me to do (copy - pasted the... | {
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The sequence only has strictly increasing runs of length 2 (which I'll call ordered pairs for short), separated by a decreasing run of length at least 2. In order for a strictly increasing run $A[j] < A[j+1]$ to be part of an increasing 3-element sequence, there must be an earlier element $i$ such that $A[i] < A[j]$ or... | {
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"lm_q1_score": 0.9715639636617014,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8053670804044288,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8289388146603364,
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"openwebmath_score": 0.6154834628105164,
"tag... |
# Piecewise linear interpolation¶
Piecewise linear interpolation is simply a game of connect-the-dots. Let us assume the nodes are given in order, so that $$t_0 < t_1 < \cdots < t_n$$. Between each pair of adjacent nodes, we use a straight line segment. The resulting interpolant $$p(x)$$ is given by
(107)$p(x) = y_k ... | {
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"lm_q2_score": 0.817574471748733,
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"openwebmath_score": 0.8801522254943848,
"tags": ... |
lagrangian-formalism, oscillators, coupled-oscillators, dissipation, open-quantum-systems
The equation of motion for each of the $q_i$ is now
$$\frac{\partial L}{\partial q_i} = \frac{d}{dt}\frac{\partial L}{\partial \dot{q_i}} \implies -Qf_i -\omega_i^2q_i = \ddot{q}_i$$
To recover a harmonic oscillator we shift the ... | {
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"tags": "lagrangian-formalism, oscillators, coupled-oscillators, dissipation, open-quantum-... |
python, python-3.x, programming-challenge, pathfinding
visited = [[False] * columns for _ in range(rows)]
current_x, current_y = start
...
if current_x < 0 or current_x >= columns:
break
...
if (current_x, current_y) == end:
...
...
Optimiza... | {
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"tags": "python, python-3.x, programming-challenge, pathfinding",
"url": null
} |
java, parsing, io, logging
try {
logReader.readEntry();
fail();
} catch (NotReadableException ex) {
assertEquals(Arrays.asList("C", "1", "2"), ex.getLines());
}
}
@Test
public void testReadLogEntrySpanningMultipleLinesIncorrectInput() throws NoMoreInputE... | {
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"tags": "java, parsing, io, logging",
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DEFINITION of RECTANGLE: A parallelogram with all 4 interior angles congruent to each other is called a rectangle. Its properties are (a) Opposite sides are equal and parallel. We've learned from on-the-ground experience about these terms specially the product comparisons. It has 4 sides (edges) It has 4 corners (verti... | {
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"lm_q2_score": 0.8198933403143929,
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"openwebmath_score": 0.6075930595397949,
"tags": nu... |
python, pygame
pg.display.flip()
clock.tick(60)
class Player(pg.sprite.Sprite):
def __init__(self, pos, enemy_bullets, direction, color, *groups):
super().__init__(*groups)
self.image = PLAYER_MEDIA[color]['player_image']
self.rect = self.image.get_rect(center = pos)
self.... | {
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"tags": "python, pygame",
"url": null
} |
java, javascript, mysql, servlets
public static DataAccessObject getInstance() {
return INSTANCE;
}
/**
* Makes sure that the main table is created.
*
* @throws CannotCreateMainTableException if cannot create the table.
*/
public void createTablesIfNeeded() throws CannotCreate... | {
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"tags": "java, javascript, mysql, servlets",
"url": null
} |
homework-and-exercises, newtonian-mechanics, friction
Aside from that, a rolling object isn't affected by the frictional force. I tried 0 and that's not the answer, so there is a frictional force here.
What am I missing here? There doesn't seem to be nearly enough information to calculate the frictional force. In Mec... | {
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"tags": "homework-and-exercises, newtonian-mechanics, friction",
"url": null
} |
theoretical-chemistry, polymers, covalent-compounds, carbon-allotropes
Does this compound exist?
· Define "exist", otherwise no meaningful answer would be possible.
Is it stable?
· Define "stable", otherwise no meaningful answer would be possible.
Is it thermodynamically stable at any P and T?
· Most researchers ... | {
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"tags": "theoretical-chemistry, polymers, covalent-compounds, carbon-allotropes",
"url"... |
optics, refraction, geometric-optics, lenses
References
1: Kevin Brown, "Reflections on Relativity", §8.4 "Refractions on Relativity". Relevant derivation is quoted in my answer to How to calculate the refracted light path when refraction index continuously increasing? | {
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"tags": "optics, refraction, geometric-optics, lenses",
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javascript, jquery, jquery-ui
$("#elongation").slider({
range: true,
min: 1.0,
max: 77,
step: 0.1,
values: [14.5, 43.2],
slide: function (event, ui) {
$("#elongation-value").val(ui.values[0] + " - " + ui.values[1]);
}
});
$("#elongation-value").val($("#elongation").slider("values",... | {
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"lm_q1q2_score": null,
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"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "javascript, jquery, jquery-ui",
"url": null
} |
c#, beginner
This code is long and tricky and fragile. In the upper part you parse number1 until you find a character (not charecter) that is not numeric. In that moment you save the current number1 into the result array. You can be lucky that you do this in exactly this moment, because later the variable number1 will... | {
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"tags": "c#, beginner",
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quantum-mechanics, hilbert-space, operators
Here what is g(x) ?
From Shankar (2nd edition), exercise 7.4.8
This exercise teaches us that the "X basis" is not unique, given a
basis $|x\rangle$, we can get another $|\tilde{x}\rangle$, by
multiplying by a phase factor which changes neither the norm nor the
orthog... | {
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Or, if you use $B=100$, you get $m=3$, and you can take the lsat two digits, multiply by 3, and add to the other digits.
In general, you can always find a $k$ such that $10^k=1\pmod n$ if $n$ is not even or divisible by 5. Then if you take base $B=10^k$, you get $m=1$, and you can separate $m$ into groups of $k$ digit... | {
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"lm_q1_score": 0.9724147185726375,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8516281610129148,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8757869916479466,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 193.73876350024653,
"openwebmath_score": 0.8384157419204712,
"ta... |
theoretical-chemistry, rare-earth-elements
On Earth we are better at detecting radioactive decay, and we can render the decay of carbon-14 with reasonable precision. But when a calculated decay takes a half-life of billions of billions of years or maybe even more, we may not have experimentally verified it, and we hav... | {
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"tags": "theoretical-chemistry, rare-earth-elements",
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python, flask
app = Flask(__name__)
@app.route('/')
def api_endpoint():
try:
endpoint = "simple" # Custom logic to choose the right handler
handlerClass = getattr(importlib.import_module('.'+str(endpoint), 'handlers'), 'Handler')
handler = handlerClass() ... | {
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "python, flask",
"url": null
} |
python, random
It is a very common pattern for a function or operation to exclude the value representing the end of a sequence. For example:
s = [13, 24, 35, 46, 57, 68]
print(s[2:5]) # [35, 46, 57]
The colon operator in 2:5 represents a range of indices from 2 to 5 but not including 5, that is, the indices 2, 3, an... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "python, random",
"url": null
} |
java, thread-safety, tree, swing, event-handling
return new TreePath(nodeArrayList.toArray(new Node[nodeArrayList
.size()]));
}
}
/**
* Notify Listeners that this node has changed in some way. e.g. this node
* is about to be die.
*
* @param e
* event.
*/
private void fireNodeChan... | {
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"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "java, thread-safety, tree, swing, event-handling",
"url": null
} |
tensor-calculus, moment-of-inertia, textbook-erratum
Am I correct in understanding that, in general, the "constant" $k$ varies from place to place on the surface of constant $\phi?$ If I am, in fact correct, one might argue that the statement in the book is not an error, per se. But it sure seems misleading. Yes, you ... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "tensor-calculus, moment-of-inertia, textbook-erratum",
"url": null
} |
all of the properties of parallelograms , including congruent opposite sides. Diagonals of rectangle bisect each other. In this video tutorial we discuss: (1) How to prove that the two diagonals of a rectangle are equal in length & bisect each other? Please email us at GeometryHelpBlog@gmail.com. If the two diagonals o... | {
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"lm_q1_score": 0.9664104904802132,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8543448403047531,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8840392863287585,
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"openwebmath_score": 0.46363794803619385,
"tags":... |
homework-and-exercises, classical-mechanics, terminology
Therefore:
\begin{align*}
|\Delta \vec{v}| &= \sqrt{v^2+v^2-2v^2\cos(90-\theta)} \\
&= \sqrt{2v^2(1-\sin\theta)} \\
&= v\sqrt{\frac{2r}{R+r}} \\
\end{align*}
so $$|J| = mv\sqrt{\frac{2r}{R+r}}$$
This is known as an impulsive force.
Next, we can consider the imp... | {
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"url": null
} |
Partition the column vector $X:=(X_1, X_2,\ldots, X_n)^T$ into subvectors $X_a$ and $X_b$: $$X = \left(\begin{matrix}X_a\\X_b\end{matrix}\right)$$ (in your case $X_a=X_1$ is univariate) and correspondingly partition the mean vector $\mu$ and covariance matrix $\Sigma$ of $X$: $$\mu = \left(\begin{matrix}\mu_a\\ \mu_b\e... | {
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"tag... |
Refer - inequalities-and-roots-118619.html#p959939
Some more useful tips for ROOTS....I am too lazy to consolidate
<5> THESIS -
@gmat1220 -
Once algebra teacher told me - signs alternate between the roots. I said whatever and now I know why Watching this article is a stroll down the memory lane.
I will save this futu... | {
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"lm_q2_score": 0.8840392771633079,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 2382.6171032034335,
"openwebmath_score": 0.5893213152885437,
"tags": ... |
ros, vlp16, velodyne
Title: How to use two VLP16 with just one computer at a same time
Hey,
I have two VPL16 velodyne laser scanners and I connected using a switch to my computer.
I fixed first VPL 16's IP to 192.168.1.201 and second VPL's IP to 192.168.1.202 using Web GUI
and then I ran the velodyne package; roslaun... | {
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"tags": "ros, vlp16, velodyne",
"url": null
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Pigeonhole principle the pigeonhole principle (also known as the dirichlet box principle , dirichlet principle or box principle ) states that if or more pigeons are placed in holes, then one hole must contain two or more pigeons. Pigeonhole principle kin-yin li what in the world is the pigeonhole principle well this fa... | {
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"openwebmath_score": 0.602908730506897,
"... |
image-processing, signal-analysis, computer-vision, machine-learning, deep-learning
For a short version: successes of convolutional neural networks and deep learning have been looked like as a sort of Galilean revolution. For a practical point of view, classical signal processing or computer vision were dead... provid... | {
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"tags": "image-processing, signal-analysis, computer-vision, machine-learning, deep-learning",
... |
python, object-oriented, enum
Union enums have the _subenums_ attribute which is a tuple of the enums forming the
union.
"""
@classmethod
def make_union(
mcs, *subenums: enum.EnumMeta, name: Union[str, Literal[AUTO], None] = AUTO
) -> enum.EnumMeta:
"""
Create an enum whose... | {
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equations fully describe the pendulum motion. The angular acceleration of a pendulum bob depends on how far up the pendulum is pulled. The right hand sides of these equations are constant, so these are easy to solve. Imagine that the pendulum is connected to a rigid rod and we initiate it at an angle. Consider a double... | {
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"openwebmath_score": 0.8068075776100159,
"tags": ... |
thermodynamics, differentiation
Now, this quantity is not well-defined because we need to specify precisely how we change $S$ and $V$. For example, we could ask about $\left(\frac{\partial U}{\partial T}\right)_V$ - the rate of change of the internal energy with respect to $T$ when we hold $V$ constant. In this case... | {
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"tags": "thermodynamics, differentiation",
"url": null
} |
ros, ros-melodic, rosout, windows10
Title: Ros Installation Win10 | rosout.exe not in directory
Hello Guys,
i installed ROS Melodic on Win10. Now when i run "roscore" the following error is displayed to me:
←[31mERROR: cannot launch node of type [rosout/rosout]: Cannot locate node of type [rosout] in package [rosout]... | {
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"tags": "ros, ros-melodic, rosout, windows10",
"url": null
} |
Check vector $\mathbf v$
Evaluate the product $A \mathbf v$
$\begin{bmatrix} 1 & 2 & -3\\ -1 & -1 & 0\\ -2 & -3 & 3 \end{bmatrix} \begin{bmatrix} 3\\ -3\\ -1 \end{bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} (1)(3) + (2)(-3) + (-3)(-1)\\\ (-1)(3) + (-1)(-3) + (0)(-1) \\ (-2)(3) + (-3)(-3) + 3(-1) \end{bmatrix}$
Simplify
$= \begin{bmatri... | {
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"tags"... |
Inequality (3) connects the statement of lemma 3 to an analogous simpler statement for elementary sets; in particular, it will be shown that
$m(A)-m(C)\le m(A\setminus C)\ \ \ \ (4)$.
Indeed, $(A\setminus C)\cup (A\cap C)=A$, so $m(A)-m(A\cap C)=m(A\setminus C)$. Moreover, $A\cap C\subseteq C$, which means $m(A\cap C... | {
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"openwebmath_score": 0.9843137860298157,
"tags... |
# Why is the supremum of the empty set $-\infty$ and the infimum $\infty$? [duplicate]
I read in a paper on set theory that the supremum and the infimum of the empty set are defined as $\sup(\{\})=-\infty$ and $\inf(\{\})=\infty$. But intuitively I can't figure out why that is the case. Is there a reason why the supre... | {
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"openwebmath_score": 0.8941429853439331,
"ta... |
is a bit like the square root of the matrix. In order to get the remaining impulse responses,. Alternatively, we can get Λ ½ directly by applying another formula:. I spent a whole afternoon trying to extract the sparse Cholesky factorization of a sparse matrix but it did not look what I wanted. We develop a one-step es... | {
"domain": "atleticolugo.it",
"id": null,
"lm_label": "1. YES\n2. YES",
"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.9875683480491555,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8074106704720572,
"lm_q2_score": 0.817574471748733,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 1222.609278182848,
"openwebmath_score": 0.5887592434883118,
"tags":... |
Closure Properties of Relations Composition of Relations Closure of. By a Partition is an equivalence relation the Second Kind 16 CS discrete. Mathematics, an equivalence relation if it is reflexive, symmetric and transitive by ordered! Programming articles, quizzes and practice/competitive programming/company intervie... | {
"domain": "northernarizonanews.com",
"id": null,
"lm_label": "1. YES\n2. YES\n\n",
"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.9481545304202039,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8096412470572303,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8539127548105611,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 776.0495475125625,
"openwebmath_score": 0.63241159915924... |
beginner, r
# Add table : add a data frame for sheet 2
xlsx.addHeader(wb, sheet2, value="Validty for prime 2")
xlsx.addLineBreak(sheet2, 1)
xlsx.addTable(wb, sheet2, sample_prime2,
fontColor="darkblue", fontSize=14,
rowFill=c("white", "lightblue"),
startCol=2,
... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "beginner, r",
"url": null
} |
inorganic-chemistry, redox, analytical-chemistry, titration
My book says that when the potassium permanganate solution begins to lighten, add a few drops of starch indicator and titrate until the solution turns clear.
This seems to suggest to me that starch turns $\ce{I_2}$ dark but not $\ce{KI}$ as some of the $\ce{K... | {
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"tags": "inorganic-chemistry, redox, analytical-chemistry, titration",
"url": null
} |
et les mécanismes de transport ont également amélioré le passage du concept global du client-serveur vers une architecture peer-to-peer. Therefore if you know the radius, multiply it by 2 to find the diameter. Curtis W. Curtis W. 344 contributions. The radius is the distance between the centre and any point on the oute... | {
"domain": "swagger-media.com",
"id": null,
"lm_label": "1. YES\n2. YES",
"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.9372107914029487,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8191946080933685,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8740772253241803,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 1141.1894267134733,
"openwebmath_score": 0.7430127859115601,
"ta... |
object-oriented, vba, excel, collections
PromptForWorkbook = n
End If
End Function
DoValidation
Public Sub DoValidation(errorTitle As String, valType As Long, valForm As String, rng As Range, errorMsg As String)
With rng.Validation
.Delete
.Add Type:=valType, AlertStyle:=xlValidAlertStop, Operator:=... | {
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c++, tree, extension-methods, boost
boost::optional<Y> get_value(const T& value_holder) const {
// Attempt to use casting routine
// specific for template type.
return value_holder.as<Y>();
}
boost::optional<T> put_value(const Y& value) const {
// Construct appropriate value holder for s... | {
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"tags": "c++, tree, extension-methods, boost",
"url": null
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# Intersection of closed and bounded subsets contained within open set
$\textbf{Problem statement}:$ Suppose that $\{F_j\}$ are closed and bounded subsets of $\mathbb{R}$, and $G$ is an open subset. Show that if $\cap_{j=1}^{\infty} F_j \subset G,$ then there is a finite subset $\{j_1,\dots,j_k \}$ such that $\cap_{i=... | {
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"openwebmath_score": 0.9841405749320984,
"ta... |
ros
The roughly 10 line launch.xml became a 58 line mess that can't handle arguments or parameters easily
joint_state_publisher in the xml launch took a parameter /use_gui and apparently now needs two launch files - one for no gui, and a second for with gui (joint_state_publisher_gui)
I found a very applicable examp... | {
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fft, frequency-spectrum, python
# Take only positive frequencies
freqs = freqs[freqs > 0]
uk = uk[:len(freqs)]
return freqs, uk The primary issue is due to using a rectangular window with the floor being the result of spectral leakage.
This is demonstrated in the plot below showing the frequency response... | {
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"tags": "fft, frequency-spectrum, python",
"url": null
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machine-learning, neural-network, deep-learning, activation-function
Nevertheless, ReLU is so close to linear that this often confuses people and wonder how can it be used as a universal approximator. In my experience, the best way to think about them is like Riemann sums. You can approximate any continuous function... | {
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"tags": "machine-learning, neural-network, deep-learning, activation-function",
"url"... |
= −2/15, positive from there onwards calculus and Integral calculus then..., positive from there onwards down, or the derivative of the derivative f (! The two main types are differential calculus and Integral calculus has an extremum ) of these − 3 exists... Local maxima and local minimums as well. '' = 30x + 4 is up.... | {
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"id": null,
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"lm_q1_score": 0.9740426420486938,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8116936905018818,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8333245953120233,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 460.81010381349364,
"openwebmath_score": 0.7370645999908447,
"... |
python, performance, game, pygame
Title: Language skill tester using Pygame I made this little game that tests our language skills. It uses one external module, pinyin, which can be installed via the command prompt command
pip install pinyin
Here is how it goes:
As you can see from the GIF, the game starts with a ra... | {
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4. Because all of the graphs are straight lines, you don't really need to integrate, just find the areas of the polygons involved.
For x< 0, f(x)= 0 so its integral is 0 (and its graph is just the x-axis so there is 0 area).
For x between 0 and 1, y= x so the "area under the curve" is the area of a right triangle wit... | {
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"lm_q2_score": 0.8933094003735663,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 1243.347413107103,
"openwebmath_score": 0.9992508888244629,
"tag... |
quantum-state, experimental-realization
Title: What "states" can a qubit have if it doesn't have values? I was told that qubits don't have a value, they have a "state". What does that mean? What are the different "states" that a qubit can have (like bits can be either 1 or 0)? It strongly depends on your definition of... | {
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"tags": "quantum-state, experimental-realization",
"url": null
} |
inorganic-chemistry, electron-affinity, alkaline-earth-metals
In principle, all atoms actually have $d$ orbitals. Getting them to accept electrons in the ground state, however, is a different matter. With two units of orbital angular momentum and thus at least two nodes (corresponding to a principal quantum number of ... | {
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"tags": "inorganic-chemistry, electron-affinity, alkaline-earth-metals",
"url": null
} |
acid-base, equilibrium
Title: How to calculate the equilibrium constant of acetic acid-hydroxide ion equilibrium? I am trying to calculate the equilibrium constant of the following equilibrium:
$$\ce{CH3COOH (aq) + OH- (aq) <=> CH3COO- (aq) + H2O (l)}$$
I am aware that this reaction essentially goes to completion (the... | {
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"tags": "acid-base, equilibrium",
"url": null
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So, rather than summing the digits, you can simply count the number of odd digits, which has the same parity as the number itself.
Hint:
Each place value is odd (e.g. for base $3$, the place values are $1, 3, 9, 27,...$. The digit multiplies the place value. So if the digit is odd, the total value of that digit in th... | {
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"openwebmath_score": 0.7288846373558044,
"tags... |
information-theory, communication, superdense-coding
Alice and Bob have agreed on the order in which ebits will be used up, thus, if Bob receives the message from Alice during the $n^{\rm th}$ minute since they start the procedure (say, Alice uses $1$ extra classical bit to ping Bob that she's starting so Bob can keep... | {
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"id": 3994,
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"tags": "information-theory, communication, superdense-coding",
"url": null
} |
ros-kinetic, rqt
#17 0x00007fffcea6123f in pluginlib::ClassLoader<rqt_gui_cpp::Plugin>::loadLibraryForClass(std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const&) () from /opt/ros/kinetic/lib//librqt_gui_cpp.so
#18 0x00007fffcea65c6c in pluginlib::ClassLoader<rqt_gui_cpp::Plugin>::crea... | {
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machine-learning, data-cleaning
Embedding: This involves training a neural network to learn a dense representation of the categories. This can capture complex relationships but requires more computational resources.
In your case, since you don't know the true distances between categories, you might want to try a few d... | {
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"id": 11808,
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"tags": "machine-learning, data-cleaning",
"url": null
} |
java, algorithm, programming-challenge, time-limit-exceeded
Question Description
Bob has somehow managed to obtain a class list of \$N\$ students that
contains the name of the students, as well as their scores for an
exam. The task is to generate the rank of each student in the class
list.
Let \$S\$ be the num... | {
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"tags": "java, algorithm, programming-challenge, time-limit-exceeded",
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slam, navigation, octomap, ros-hydro, rgbd-slam
Original comments
Comment by AHornung on 2013-10-22:
Just keep in mind that the header OctomapROS.h was already deprecated for groovy and is gone for good since hydro. The cleanest solution would be to fix RGBD-Slam such that it's no longer including it.
Comment by RodBe... | {
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"lm_q2_score": null,
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "slam, navigation, octomap, ros-hydro, rgbd-slam",
"url": null
} |
The amount of shunt resistance to be added is given by:
$${R_{sh}} = \frac{{{R_m}}}{{\frac{I}{{{I_m}}} - 1}}$$
Rm = internal resistance of the coil
Rsh = Shunt resistance
I = total current
Im = Full-scale deflection current
Calculation:
Given Rm = 200 Ω, I = 100 mA, Im = 1 mA
$${R_{sh}} = \frac{{{200}}}{{\frac{... | {
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"openwebmath_score": 0.6525428891181946,
"tags": nu... |
beginner, c, linux, shell
memset(tmp, 0, sizeof(tmp));
exit(0);
}
wait(NULL);
memset(userInput, 0, szUI);
memset(inputSplit, 0, szIS);
char cont[20];
printf("Continue?(y/n) ");
if ( fgets(cont, sizeof(cont), stdin) == NULL ) {
return... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "beginner, c, linux, shell",
"url": null
} |
co.combinatorics, circuit-complexity, algebraic-complexity, arithmetic-circuits, vc-dimension
Title: VC dimension of polynomials over tropical semirings? As in this question, I am interested the $\mathbf{BPP}$ vs. $\mathbf{P}$/$\mathrm{poly}$ problem for tropical $(\max,+)$ and $(\min,+)$ circuits. This question redu... | {
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"tags": "co.combinatorics, circuit-complexity, algebraic-complexity, arithmetic-circuits, v... |
python, pandas
You can remove any of the column index or FID_1 to get your desired output.
For more on merge function look at the official documentation
and for a very good explanation of its working look here.
EDIT 1:
Merge function only accepts Dataframes and not series. So, if your data is in series format, conver... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "python, pandas",
"url": null
} |
c++, multithreading, locking
int main() { test_2_queues_and_bool(); }
``` This code is fundamentally broken and has undefined behavior.
Your code is not correctly starting and ending the lifespan of objects of type T. So unless T is a very simplistic C type then your code will exhibit undefined behavior. You don't mak... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "c++, multithreading, locking",
"url": null
} |
electrical-engineering, springs, servo, door
Title: Manual/Electrically controlled loaded spring release for door kick-down stopper Hoping to upgrade this or similar telescopic door kick-down stopper to release the stopper remotely. Wondering if there are standard solutions that would allow for electrical and manual l... | {
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"id": 4666,
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "electrical-engineering, springs, servo, door",
"url": null
} |
time, measurements, conventions
The confusing second was added right before 6 p.m. – in as big a city as Chicago and similarly in the whole world. More comments about leap seconds and the plans to abolish them, see:
http://motls.blogspot.com/2012/01/leap-seconds-may-be-abolished-in-2015.html?m=1
In general, leap sec... | {
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"tags": "time, measurements, conventions",
"url": null
} |
photons, quantum-information, polarization
Title: Measuring polarization - problem with understanding Let's assume that we have 2 polarizing filters. First with vertical (1) orientation and second with horizontal (0). I want to measure probability that photon passes through those 2 filters.
I have: ${|\psi\rangle = c... | {
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"tags": "photons, quantum-information, polarization",
"url": null
} |
Proof
This is a nice result since it gives us a handful of vectors that describe the entire column space (through the span), and we believe this set is as small as possible because we cannot create any more relations of linear dependence to trim it down further. Furthermore, we defined the column space (Definition CSM... | {
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"id": null,
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"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.9883127402831221,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.805704657737613,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8152324915965392,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 144.48185733870667,
"openwebmath_score": 0.9492066502571106,
"tags": null,
... |
organic-chemistry
Title: Scope of Haloform reaction We know that methyl ketones and secondary alcohols oxidizable to methyl ketones, such as isopropanol. The only primary alcohol and aldehyde to undergo this reaction are ethanol and acetaldehyde, respectively. 1,3-Diketones such as acetylacetone also give the haloform... | {
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"tags": "organic-chemistry",
"url": null
} |
c++, strings, c++11, formatting, variadic
<cstdio> for std::vsnprintf,
<string> for std::string,
<cstddef> for std::size_t and
<cstdarg> for va_start, va_end and std::va_list.
Since you're using string without the std:: qualifier, I assume you also have a using namespace std; somewhere in your code. Get rid of it and... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "c++, strings, c++11, formatting, variadic",
"url": null
} |
c#
Try-Catch
You should be intentional with your code, having a wide-open try/catch states to whoever is reading it "The person who coded this has no idea what could possibly go wrong with it." (or more commonly, "I'm too lazy to list out what could go wrong."). So not only does it make you look bad, but it also doesn... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "c#",
"url": null
} |
python, transforms, tf2
Title: How to get data from lookupTransform() without publishing tf data?
Hi all,
I am working on processing some data stored in a bag file. I am perfectly comfortable reading data and messages from bag files using python's rosbag module. I am not sure if this is a silly or naive question, but... | {
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I appreciate any help thank you.
• For the first one, replace the $2$ with a $2n^2$. – Clayton Jul 22 at 21:31
• thanks, then what test would you use to show the resulting one is divergent? – Carlos Bacca Jul 22 at 21:33
For the first one use limit comparison theorem.
For the second one redo the ratio test more care... | {
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"lm_q2_score": 0.837619961306541,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 243.7269877059138,
"openwebmath_score": 0.9320839047431946,
"tags... |
statistical-mechanics, bose-einstein-condensate
$$ N=\sum_n\frac{n(n+1)}2 \frac{1}{\mathrm e^{\beta\hbar\omega n-\beta\mu}-1}$$
One recognizes the expression of the density of states and the
Bose-Einstein statistics occupation number. As the separation between energy levels is small compared to the thermal energy, on... | {
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"id": 18106,
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"lm_q2_score": null,
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "statistical-mechanics, bose-einstein-condensate",
"url": null
} |
BFS can do this (I wasn't completely confident even after doing a quick google search). Dijkstra described the algorithm to compute single source shortest paths (SSSP) in weighted graphs with n nodes and m edges from a node to all others [12]. And, we want to, certainly it should be true. Dijkstra’s algorithm solves th... | {
"domain": "italogiudicianni.it",
"id": null,
"lm_label": "1. YES\n2. YES",
"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.9822877044076956,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8227837969212638,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8376199694135332,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 635.1672219038162,
"openwebmath_score": 0.4048304259777069,
"t... |
quantum-computing
Title: Quantum CNot algorithm problem I have a very simple quantum algorithm:
Let's start with two qubits in the state $|00\rangle$. I apply a Hadamard gate to the first one. Then I apply a CNot gate, with the first one as a control. Then I apply a Hadamard gate to both of them. | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "quantum-computing",
"url": null
} |
java, performance, programming-challenge, memory-optimization, bigint
return count;
}
public static boolean isPrimitive(BigInteger n) {
return n.compareTo(new BigInteger(String.valueOf(Long.MAX_VALUE))) < 0;
}
}
Just some note from the source I collect:
"From the research, BigInteger operations ... | {
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"tags": "java, performance, programming-challenge, memory-optimization, bigint",
"url"... |
the-sun, astrophysics, light, spectroscopy, radiation
Whilst this would be true for a blackbody radiation field at a set temperature,
it isn't true in the solar photosphere. The specific intensity heading towards us (generally outwards) is always larger than the specific intensity heading away (generally inwards and t... | {
"domain": "astronomy.stackexchange",
"id": 4780,
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"tags": "the-sun, astrophysics, light, spectroscopy, radiation",
"url": null
} |
• For writing proofs, it seems like you already have some good suggestions in mind. For reading proofs, it just takes some practice. Usually, from the given statement of the theorem there is only one way that variables can be quantified in a proof (or maybe two, if proof by contrapositive or contradiction is used) so t... | {
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"id": null,
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"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.9381240073565739,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8028945128674622,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8558511524823263,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 407.118711548787,
"openwebmath_score": 0.9111752510070801,
"tags... |
# If $u_{n+1}\le u_n+u_n^2$ and $\sum u_n$ converges, prove that $\lim\limits_{n\to +\infty}(n\cdot u_n)=0$
Given the positive sequence $\{u_n\},n\in \mathbb{N}$ that meets the conditions:
$\boxed{1}$. $u_{n+1}\le u_n+u_n^2$
$\boxed{2}$. Exist the constant $\text{M} >0$ so that $\displaystyle\sum\limits_{k=1}^n u_k\... | {
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"id": null,
"lm_label": "1. YES\n2. YES",
"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.9850429142850273,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8098915707851766,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8221891239865619,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 243.69413767162052,
"openwebmath_score": 0.9278774261474609,
"ta... |
kinematics, vectors, conventions, coordinate-systems
As an example suppose that a ball is thrown vertically upwards at $30 \;ms^{-1}$ and you are asked its velocity and position after 2 seconds with $g=10\;ms^{-2}$.
If you assume up as the positive direction, then
$$
\left\{
\begin{array}{l}
v_0 = +30 \frac{\text{m}}... | {
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"tags": "kinematics, vectors, conventions, coordinate-systems",
"url": null
} |
kalman-filters, least-squares, bayesian-estimation
Best Introduction to Kalman Filter - Dan Simon Kalman Filtering Embedded Systems Programming JUNE 2001 page 72
Presentation: Lindsay Kleeman Understanding and Applying Kalman Filtering
H. W. Sorenson Least-squares estimation: from Gauss to Kalman IEEE Spectrum, July... | {
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
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"tags": "kalman-filters, least-squares, bayesian-estimation",
"url": null
} |
homework-and-exercises, charge, electrical-resistance, capacitance, dielectric
In this case, it seems that on each plate I have a different charge distribution. Again, what about the inside of the object?
As you noticed, the approach using an "equivalent circuit" does not teach me anything about what is happening to t... | {
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"tags": "homework-and-exercises, charge, electrical-resistance, capacitance, dielectric",
... |
special-relativity, metric-tensor, tensor-calculus, inertial-frames
=&\ \eta_{\mu\lambda}\ \Lambda^\lambda{}_\rho\ (\eta^T)^{\rho\nu}
\quad\quad \text{(now we can interpret this as matrix products)} \\
=&\begin{pmatrix}
1 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\
0 & -1 & 0 & 0 \\
0 & 0 & -1 & 0 \\
0 & 0 & 0 & -1
\end{pm... | {
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"id": 92461,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "special-relativity, metric-tensor, tensor-calculus, inertial-frames",
"url": nul... |
ros, moveit, moveit-setup-assistant
There is an interactive marker associated with the 'arm' planning group in Rviz, but when clicked and moved, the gripper will float away with the marker and the arm stays in the same pose.
In your original description, you state that the iArm is a 6dof manipulator: the URDF you upl... | {
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"id": 18583,
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "ros, moveit, moveit-setup-assistant",
"url": null
} |
game, f#, ai, checkers-draughts
match player with
| Black ->
alphaForNode <- chooseNewAlpha alphaForNode alphaBetaMove.Alpha
newAlpha <- chooseNewAlpha newAlpha alphaForNode
... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "game, f#, ai, checkers-draughts",
"url": null
} |
evolution, reproduction
Other evolutionary processes
Here are a few example of interest
Gene flow
Note of course that there are other processes to consider when trying to predict the fate of a given allele or trait. For example, in a given population you might have a flux of migrants that come from a population where ... | {
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"id": 5650,
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"lm_q2_score": null,
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "evolution, reproduction",
"url": null
} |
in distribution to a standard normal distribution. That is, if xk! x, we are interested in how fast this happens. 1 Convergence of a Sequence of Numbers. If possible, give the sum of the series. First Five Terms: 28, 38, 48, 58, 68 First Five Terms: −38, −138, −238, −338, −438. 13 - 4 Limits of Infinite Sequences Impor... | {
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"id": null,
"lm_label": "1. YES\n2. YES\n\n",
"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.9896718453483273,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8351792253683175,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8438951045175643,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 379.3981477732795,
"openwebmath_score": 0.89300936460495,
"tags":... |
bioinformatics, gene-expression
Title: Confusion related to the DAVID tool I am trying to use the DAVID tool to do some gene analysis. I have some probe set intensities for some cancer cell lines. I found this link in the DAVID tool http://david.abcc.ncifcrf.gov/tools.jsp. I am a bit confused with the terminology intr... | {
"domain": "biology.stackexchange",
"id": 847,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
"lm_q1_score": null,
"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "bioinformatics, gene-expression",
"url": null
} |
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