text stringlengths 49 10.4k | source dict |
|---|---|
quantum-mechanics, wavefunction, wavefunction-collapse
It is also mentioned that when we instantly do the same measurement again on the same wavefunction, then we will get the same eigenvalue as the wavefunction has not evolved in time.
And for this part, you might be interested in the Quantum Zeno effect. | {
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"tags": "quantum-mechanics, wavefunction, wavefunction-collapse",
"url": null
} |
javascript, jquery, css, animation, twitter-bootstrap
<div class="container">
<div id="myCarousel" class="carousel vertical slide" data-ride="carousel" data-interval="9000">
<!-- Wrapper for slides -->
<div class="carousel-inner">
<div class="item active">
<img src="https://picsum.photos/1200/3... | {
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"tags": "javascript, jquery, css, animation, twitter-bootstrap",
"url": null
} |
c++, c++11, library, audio
The general purpose of the library is to read WAVE files into floating points, in a way that handles repeated sequential requests for audio data without hanging on disk reads.
Virtually all operating systems that you run on desktop computers and servers already have sophisticated cache mech... | {
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"tags": "c++, c++11, library, audio",
"url": null
} |
So, for any $\varepsilon>0$ the inequality $n>N(\varepsilon)+1$ implies that $n-1>N(\varepsilon)$, so $|S_{n-1}-L|<\varepsilon$, which means that $\lim_{n\to\infty} S_{n-1} =L$. | {
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"openwebmath_score": 0.945626974105835,
"tags... |
java, computational-geometry, stream, lambda
Title: Comparing triangles using Java 8 streams I'm trying to get more familiar with Java 8 streams as they seem to be very powerful (and shorter), so I rewrote a method to use streams. However I'm not very satisfied with it and would like some suggestions on how to make be... | {
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"tags": "java, computational-geometry, stream, lambda",
"url": null
} |
transform
Title: Using tf to transform a point
Hello,
I am trying to transform a point from one frame (/kinect_frame) to another (/base_link).
This is the pdf I get from 'rosrun tf view_frames' :
but still when I try to transform my point using a tf::TransformListener and tf::TransformListener::transformPoint like t... | {
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Also, this method is trying to minimize worst case, exhaustive method, not the average number of tries.
Edit: Confirmed $n(n-1)$ also covers every options in base 4 (from 000 to 333).
000, 111, 222, 333,
012, 013, 021,
102, 103, 120,
210,
301
And from what I gather from brute force methods, in your original ques... | {
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"tag... |
• Fit is also known as linear regression or least squares fit. With regularization, it is also known as LASSO and ridge regression.
• Fit is typically used for fitting combinations of functions to data, including polynomials and exponentials. It provides one of the simplest ways to get a model from data.
• The best fit... | {
"domain": "wolfram.com",
"id": null,
"lm_label": "1. YES\n2. YES",
"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.9907319849771951,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8234400036765768,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8311430499496096,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 2658.5416354180447,
"openwebmath_score": 0.8116028308868408,
"tags": n... |
thermodynamics, work, conventions
Work done ON A SYSTEM or BY A SYSTEM, I have never, ever seen a definition of. Work done by a force I have seen defined, on the other hand
You are correct, that only forces do work. The statement, "work done by a system" simply means that the system applies a force, which is doing wo... | {
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"tags": "thermodynamics, work, conventions",
"url": null
} |
formal-languages, automata, formal-grammars
Title: Why $\phi$ $\cdot$ R = $\phi$, rather than $\phi$ $\cdot$ R = R in Automata? I understand that $\phi$ is a null symbol.
why concatenation of any language L with $\phi$ is $\phi$ rather than L ? Let us check the definition.
For two sets of strings $S_1$ and $S_2$, the... | {
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"tags": "formal-languages, automata, formal-grammars",
"url": null
} |
scala
Title: Scala Binary Search Tree In an attempt to get deeper down into Scala, I decided to make a BST using as many interesting concepts as possible in order to explore everything Scala has to offer.
Taking inspiration from this question/accepted answer, I wrote:
package bst
object BST {
def apply[T <% Ordered... | {
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"tags": "scala",
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} |
homework-and-exercises, hamiltonian-formalism, coordinate-systems, phase-space
$$
From the definition of jacobian matrix I get the following matrix $$\left|\begin{array}{cc} 1+\partial_{q}\partial_{p}H|_{t_{0}}\delta t+O(\delta t^2) & \partial^2 _{p}H|_{t_{0}} \delta t+O(\delta t^2)\\ -\partial^2 _{q}H|_{t_{0}} \delt... | {
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"tags": "homework-and-exercises, hamiltonian-formalism, coordinate-systems, phase-space",
... |
On the path of Lola,
$\displaystyle I=\int_0^{\frac{\pi}{4}}\frac{x\sin x}{\cos^3 x}dx$
Perform the change of variable $y=\tan x$,
$I=\displaystyle \int_0^1 y\arctan y dy$
Pertform integration by parts,
\begin{align}I=\bigg[\frac{y^2}{2}\arctan y\bigg]_0^1-\frac{1}{2}\int_0^1 \frac{y^2}{1+y^2}dy \end{align}
Moreo... | {
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"lm_q1_score": 0.9830850892111574,
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"openwebmath_score": 0.9400654435157776,
"tag... |
• Show that every $$p{\hbox{-}}$$group is nilpotent.
• Show that every $$p{\hbox{-}}$$group is solvable.
• Show that every maximal subgroup of a $$p{\hbox{-}}$$group has index $$p$$.
• Show that every maximal subgroup of a $$p{\hbox{-}}$$group is normal.
• Show that every group of order $$p$$ is cyclic.
• Show tha... | {
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"lm_q1_score": 0.9908743636887527,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8030827774478073,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8104789132480439,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 362.4303021135475,
"openwebmath_score": 0.9997151494026184,
"tags":... |
condensed-matter, quantum-hall-effect
Title: Rewriting Creation and Annihilation Operators I am playing with the Landau Level problem and Algebraic solutions to it. I am given
$$a=\frac{l_{b}}{\sqrt{2}\hbar}(\pi_{x}-i\pi_{y}) ~~~~~~~~\text{and}~~~~~~~~~a^{\dagger}=\frac{l_{b}}{\sqrt{2}\hbar}(\pi_{x}+i\pi_{y})$$
The c... | {
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"tags": "condensed-matter, quantum-hall-effect",
"url": null
} |
javascript, performance, algorithm, strings, edit-distance
It will create match a string up until it meets the first mismatching character in-between the two. The index of this character is designated by base index (bi). So in this case matchStr is "the quick brown " then it will generate two new strings as longer ("c... | {
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"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
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"tags": "javascript, performance, algorithm, strings, edit-distance",
"url": null
} |
visualization, plotting
Title: Why must x and y axis be the same length? I am getting started with visualization, but right at the start I am having a serious conceptual problem. Repeatedly, I get the error ‘x and y must be the same size’ / ‘array must be the same length’ / ‘have the same shape’. I just fundamentally ... | {
"domain": "datascience.stackexchange",
"id": 9857,
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "visualization, plotting",
"url": null
} |
cosmic-microwave-background
Title: Can we make a box isolated from Cosmic microwave background radiation? If we make a square box with lead thick walls (1 meter thick or more), can me have a space inside this box 100% (or 95%) free of Cosmic microwave background radiation or it is something which we cannot isolate and... | {
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"tags": "cosmic-microwave-background",
"url": null
} |
navigation, odometry, kinect, scan, frames
Original comments
Comment by Eric Perko on 2012-05-02:
Why are you adding the _1 suffix to frames from your encoders? What is supplying your base_link->odom transform (the not suffixed versions)? Some other odometry source?
Comment by kshitij on 2012-05-02:
I added the suffix... | {
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"tags": "navigation, odometry, kinect, scan, frames",
"url": null
} |
quantum-mechanics, newtonian-mechanics
Title: What happens to a radioactive element or isotope's electrons when it undergoes alpha decay? It seems to make sense that when an atom loses two protons, it would lose two electrons as well, but I don't actually know what happens. It is complicated and we ignore it, but your... | {
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"tags": "quantum-mechanics, newtonian-mechanics",
"url": null
} |
quantum-field-theory, correlation-functions, propagator, 1pi-effective-action, feynman-diagrams
The connection of truncated functions with $S$-matrix elements is found by nothing that, near the pole of the propagator $p^2\approx m^2$: $$\Delta'(p^2)^{-1}\approx iZ^{-1}(p^2-m^2).$$
A glance to the LSZ formulas shows th... | {
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"tags": "quantum-field-theory, correlation-functions, propagator, 1pi-effective-action, fey... |
algorithm-analysis, runtime-analysis, recursion, memoization
Title: Runtime of a recursive algorithm I have a simple recursive solution as below:
public int countPaths(int x, int y) {
if(x == 0 && y == 0) {
return 0;
} else if(x == 0) {
return 1;
} else if(y == 0) {
return 1;
}... | {
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"tags": "algorithm-analysis, runtime-analysis, recursion, memoization",
"url": null
} |
from (*) we have n= {(nth term-first term)/common difference}+1.....
For our problem, n= {(11-1)}/2}+1 =6
here common difference is 2 as an odd number occurs by adding 2 to the previous odd number etc.,
If you use the formula $(b-a)/2 + 1$, then for some case it would give wrong answer.
Say, $a = 2$ and $b = 4$, so... | {
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"lm_q2_score": 0.8267117898012104,
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"openwebmath_score": 0.7496200203895569,
"tag... |
general-relativity
$$ ds^2 = -(c^2 - 2\phi(x,y,z))dt^2 + dx^2 + dy^2 + dz^2$$
With explicit c's (usually you set these to 1), where $\phi(x)$ is the newtonian gravitational potential (divided by c^2). This approximation for the metric is not great--- there are spatial metric terms I ignored which are of the same order... | {
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"tags": "general-relativity",
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Angles on a straight line add up to 180°. Alternate angles are equal. Here you will be shown how to work out the missing angle on a straight line - using the angle fact that angles on a straight line add up to 180. Relevance. Cite. Angles on a straight line add up to 180°. What is the difference between the exterior an... | {
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"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.963779946215714,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8473040304095345,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8791467738423874,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 821.2624088978887,
"openwebmath_score": 0.423332154750824,
"tags": ... |
quantum-mechanics, particle-physics, interactions, matter, bohmian-mechanics
If you look at dBB theory (de Broglie-Bohm theory), there is a quantum potential energy (which is determined buy the wavefunction an there is a classical potential. Both together guide the particle through configuration space. So what regul... | {
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"tags": "quantum-mechanics, particle-physics, interactions, matter, bohmian-mechanics",
"... |
math, optimization, gradient-descent, derivative
Title: Reason for relaxing limit in derivative in this context? Consider the following paragraph from NUMERICAL COMPUTATION of the deep learning book..
Suppose we have a function $y = f(x)$, where both $x$ and $y$ are real
numbers. The derivative of this function is de... | {
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"tags": "math, optimization, gradient-descent, derivative",
"url": null
} |
python, python-3.x
5.5417906688838166, 6.457016910025886, 6.786483505021053, 5.198308170917069, 5.092476666244364, 4.111794944472009, 4.62311212962504, 4.936303165196316, 4.2158075941616495, 5.0052319036352255, 6.027735861446753, 4.451769206323267, 4.348499095726568, 4.716995991496699, 4.739598104126194, 3.80307175852... | {
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"tags": "python, python-3.x",
"url": null
} |
javascript, ecmascript-6, compression
rootNode = combinedKey;
lettersObj[combinedKey].hasBeenUsed = false;
howManyUnused = Object.values(lettersObj)
.reduce((a, letterObj) => a + !letterObj.hasBeenUsed, 0); | {
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"tags": "javascript, ecmascript-6, compression",
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} |
quantum-mechanics, atomic-physics, variational-principle
Having the Helium hamiltonian
$$\braket{H}=\braket{h_1}+\braket{h_2}+\braket{H´}$$
we added and subtracted a term for making the trial wave function a solution for each electron:
$$\braket{h_1}=\braket{-\dfrac{\hbar^2}{2m}\nabla^2-\dfrac{k\alpha}{r_1}+\dfrac{k\a... | {
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"id": 62909,
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"tags": "quantum-mechanics, atomic-physics, variational-principle",
"url": null
} |
questions from the given table. Distribution is covered in the waiting line (queuing) material in the Travis uses a two-way table to analyze his data. variables. store, and that the sample size was very large (much larger than In the classic interpretation, a probability is measured by the number of times event x occur... | {
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"id": null,
"lm_label": "1. YES\n2. YES\n\n",
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"lm_q1_score": 0.962673113726775,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8001190698605904,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8311430520409023,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 2026.3962366902813,
"openwebmath_score": 0.5264975428581238,
"ta... |
computer-architecture, cpu-pipelines
Pipelines are usually divided into two classes: instruction pipelines and arithmetic pipelines. A pipeline in each of these classes can be designed in two ways: static or dynamic. A static pipeline can perform only one operation (such as addition or multiplication) at a time. The o... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "computer-architecture, cpu-pipelines",
"url": null
} |
python, beginner, python-3.x, caesar-cipher
print(""" _____ _
| __ \ | |
| | | | ___ _ __ ___ _ __ _ _ _ __ | |_ ___ _ __
| | | |/ _ \ '_ \ / __| '__| | | | '_ \| __/ _ \ '__|
| |__| | __/ | | | (__| | | |_| | |_) |... | {
"domain": "codereview.stackexchange",
"id": 29715,
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"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "python, beginner, python-3.x, caesar-cipher",
"url": null
} |
fluid-dynamics, aircraft, lift
Title: How much lift does an airplane get from its wings, vs the rest of the airframe? Consider a big commercial airliner, like a 727, 747, or a 787.
At cruising altitude, under standard conditions, how much of the lift of the aircraft comes from the wings, and how much from the rest o... | {
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"tags": "fluid-dynamics, aircraft, lift",
"url": null
} |
c++, unit-testing, mathematics
TEST(VectorTestGroup, Scalar_division_self_assignment)
{
mat::Vector2D A(1, 2);
A /= 2;
VECTORS_EQUAL(0.5, 1, A, TOLERANCE);
A /= -4;
VECTORS_EQUAL(-0.125, -0.25, A, TOLERANCE);
mat::Vector2D B = A /= 0.1;
VECTORS_EQUAL(-1.25, -2.5, B, TOLERANCE);
}
void p... | {
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"tags": "c++, unit-testing, mathematics",
"url": null
} |
javascript, performance, d3.js
console.log('lineSecond', lineSecond);
linesSecond.append('path')
.data([dataSmallFilter])
.attr('class', 'mylines')
.attr('fill', 'none')
.attr('stroke', 'tomato')
.attr('stroke-width', 1)
.attr('d', lineSecond);
} You are very right:... | {
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"tags": "javascript, performance, d3.js",
"url": null
} |
quantum-mechanics, quantum-entanglement, decoherence, quantum-measurements
And in answers I did not see arguments against that part. But no objections there IMHO does not mean automatically it is correct as other reason for OP misconception was presented.
Could somebody list all ways in which entanglement ends? The mo... | {
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"tags": "quantum-mechanics, quantum-entanglement, decoherence, quantum-measurements",
"ur... |
Maximise the number of tokens in your hand
Here's a puzzle about maximising long-term growth.
Say you have a "bank" which, at each time $$t$$ (a non-negative integer), contains a number of "tokens" $$b_t$$ (also a non-negative integer). At $$t=0$$, $$b_0=1$$ (i.e. we start with one token in the bank).
Now, at every ... | {
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"lm_label": "1. YES\n2. YES",
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"lm_q2_score": 0.8354835309589073,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 728.1006248161812,
"openwebmath_score": 0.7691588401794434,
"tag... |
python, numpy
Is it OK to keep a set of functions like this in an otherwise object oriented project?
Am I doing the flags->gaps->flags processing in a sensible way?
I am aware there is such a thing as a masked array in numpy but I'm not sure how much work it would be to convert my entire code base over to using it. It... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "python, numpy",
"url": null
} |
brownian-motion, stochastic-processes
Title: Proof that the Wiener process is non-differentiable I'm working through a proof showing that the Wiener process is non differentiable given as follows
I am not quite sure where the 2 in front of the integral stems from though. Any help would be highyly appreciated :) I ima... | {
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"tags": "brownian-motion, stochastic-processes",
"url": null
} |
ros, joint, ros-hydro
Title: controller type 'effort_controllers/JointPositionController' does not exist
Hey there,
I am trying to get control over a revolving joint (it is for a pan-tilt camera unit). So far I followed the tutorial but the suggested controller (effort_controllers/JointPositionController) apparently ... | {
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"tags": "ros, joint, ros-hydro",
"url": null
} |
thermodynamics, acoustics, everyday-life, water, noise
Title: What is the reason for this pattern of noise in electric kettles? It always seemed to me that the noise from electric kettles follows a pattern: It starts low, then increases, and decreases again before the water starts to boil.
To verify this, I performed ... | {
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"tags": "thermodynamics, acoustics, everyday-life, water, noise",
"url": null
} |
c#, beginner, object-oriented, winforms, playing-cards
user.StatusLabel = status;
user.ChipsTextBox = chips;
}
if (username == null) return user;
username.Location = user.UsernameLabelLocation;
username.Size = user.UsernameLabelSize;
username.Text = user.Name;
... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "c#, beginner, object-oriented, winforms, playing-cards",
"url": null
} |
ros, bashrc, ros-hydro, ros-kinetic
I had hydro installed on my raspberry pi earlier, then i removed it to install kinetic, everything seemed to be fine except the ROS_DISTRO variable.
Just to make sure:
what OS is this (Debian?)
you "had hydro" before, now Kinetic: Hydro and Kinetic do not have overlapping install ... | {
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"tags": "ros, bashrc, ros-hydro, ros-kinetic",
"url": null
} |
human-biology, reproduction, human-genetics
Title: Very frequent multiple births in humans 18th century Feodor Vassilyev is said to have had children by two wives, each of whom only ever had twins, triplets or quadruplets. His first wife has 16 sets of twins, 7 of triplets and 4 of quads; his second had 6 sets of twin... | {
"domain": "biology.stackexchange",
"id": 8990,
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"tags": "human-biology, reproduction, human-genetics",
"url": null
} |
beginner, rust, tic-tac-toe
current_player = current_player.toggle()
}
}
There is less clutter in my code, but the logic would have been even
clearer if the whole if chain were extracted into a dedicated
function check_status.
The two arms of match sign are identical — combine them into a
single 'X' | 'O' => { ..... | {
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"tags": "beginner, rust, tic-tac-toe",
"url": null
} |
astrophysics
$$M_{\text{bol}}\approx M_V + BC$$
The bolometric correction term $BC$ is empirically determined for the spectral class and evolutionary stage (although it can be modeled; see Torres (2010)). A table of values is given on the Wikipedia page.
The idea is that stars of the same spectral class and evolutiona... | {
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"tags": "astrophysics",
"url": null
} |
physical-chemistry, quantum-chemistry, molecular-structure
Title: Convergence issue in Gaussian I have been struggling with geometry optimization of a prostaglandin molecule (20 carbon atoms). I finally got the optimization, all right. Then I did the Frequency job on the optimized structure (I opened the Optimization ... | {
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"tags": "physical-chemistry, quantum-chemistry, molecular-structure",
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However, if said that an object is an apple if and only if it is a fruit ($\text{Fruit} \iff \text{Apple}$), then that would once again mean that something has to be a fruit in order for it to be an apple, but here the main difference is that it would also have to be an apple and not an orange or a banana. If it is a f... | {
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"lm_q2_score": 0.8519528019683105,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 488.6915793608029,
"openwebmath_score": 0.6750309467315674,
"tag... |
c, tree
Title: Remove all nodes that satisfy a condition from a binary tree Assume a binary tree with a data structure like this:
typedef struct binary_node BINARY_NODE;
#define BINARY_NODE BINARY_NODE
struct binary_node {
BINARY_NODE *next[2]; /* 0 -> left */
};
Assume insertions maintain a relevant order, but ... | {
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"tags": "c, tree",
"url": null
} |
biochemistry, proteins, cheminformatics, crystallography, x-ray-diffraction
Title: What do sequence numbers in PDB files actually mean and why don't they match the sequence? I am studying the 3D structure of the LDH from x-ray crystallographic imaging I was pointed to from Is there any stereospecific enzyme in PDB tha... | {
"domain": "chemistry.stackexchange",
"id": 16080,
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"tags": "biochemistry, proteins, cheminformatics, crystallography, x-ray-diffraction",
... |
javascript, performance
Title: Create nested named object using variables as key I am trying to create a new object with nested value pairs. My initial challenge is that I have a huge object containing lots of junk data, and I'd like to strip away the value pairs that I do not need as well as renaming certain values. ... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "javascript, performance",
"url": null
} |
Video | EduRev is made by best teachers of Computer Science Engineering (CSE). 2 Introduction to Laplace Transforms simplify the algebra, find the transformed solution f˜(s), then undo the transform to get back to the required solution f as a function of t. The important differences between Fourier transform infrared (F... | {
"domain": "lampertifashion.it",
"id": null,
"lm_label": "1. Yes\n2. Yes",
"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.9883127406273589,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8828690715365637,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8933094103149355,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 1052.2003106046586,
"openwebmath_score": 0.8233507871627808,
"t... |
photons, frequency, wavelength, photoelectric-effect
Title: How did Einstein calculate the wavelength of photons? Einstein's Photoelectric equation states that
$$h\nu = h\nu_0 + \frac{1}{2}mv^2$$
which uses frequency. But if he assumed light to be a stream of particles how would he calculate it's frequency? de Broglie... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "photons, frequency, wavelength, photoelectric-effect",
"url": null
} |
lambda-calculus, functional-programming, interaction-nets
Title: How do you encode Lamping's abstract algorithm using interaction combinators? Interaction combinators have been proposed as a compile target for the λ-calculus before. That paper implements the full λ-calculus. It is also known that it is possible to opt... | {
"domain": "cstheory.stackexchange",
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"tags": "lambda-calculus, functional-programming, interaction-nets",
"url": null
} |
c, embedded
} else decimal = false;
stack[idx] = os_RealFloor(&stack[idx]);
if (negative) os_RealNeg(&stack[idx]);
draw_line_clear(true);
} else if (key == sk_Enter) {
if (idx == 98) {
new_problem();
} else ... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "c, embedded",
"url": null
} |
thermodynamics, statistical-mechanics, simulations, molecular-dynamics
The Maxwell-Boltzmann (MB) distribution $p(v)$ gives you the probability that a given particle has speed $v$. To be more precise, the integral $\int_{u}^{u'} p(v)dv$ gives you the probability that a given particle has speed between $u$ and $u'$. In... | {
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"tags": "thermodynamics, statistical-mechanics, simulations, molecular-dynamics",
"url": ... |
sql, mysql, wikipedia
CASE SUBQUERIES: Avoid subqueries in CASE statements which requires row by row logic calculation. Instead, use multiple LEFT JOIN on templatelinks and categorylinks tables and then run the needed CASE logic where NOT EXISTS render as NULL.
GROUP BY: Unfortunately, at a disservice to newcomers in... | {
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"tags": "sql, mysql, wikipedia",
"url": null
} |
discrete-signals, phase
Form the analytic signal of your input. This also can be termed as ensuring it is at complex baseband.
Calculate the phase versus time of your analytic signal $x[n]$:
$$
\phi[n] = \text{atan2}\left(\frac{\text{Im}\{x[n]\}}{\text{Re}\{x[n]\}}\right)
$$
The instantaneous frequency of the signal v... | {
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"tags": "discrete-signals, phase",
"url": null
} |
We can show that . We want to show that if then for all . We know that which we can write as: Where is the ith row vector of .
We know that, by the definition of matrix definition we can say the following: The above is just the the matrix multiplication shown above written out. But, we know that is the same as the dot... | {
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"lm_q1_score": 0.9893474904166246,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8111594186493482,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8198933403143929,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 293.740094673211,
"openwebmath_score": 0.9159740209579468,
"tags": nul... |
• We have $$ze^{\pm y}=-\frac12 e^{\pm y} \left(\pm y - 1\right)+C$$ We multiply both sides by $e^{\mp y}$ so that the term $e^{\pm y}$ disappear from the left side. So we have the following: $$ze^{\pm y}=-\frac12 e^{\pm y} \left(\pm y - 1\right)+C \\ \Rightarrow ze^{\pm y}e^{\mp y}=-\frac12 e^{\pm y} e^{\mp y}\left(\p... | {
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"id": null,
"lm_label": "1. YES\n2. YES",
"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.9805806552225684,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8039715445427126,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8198933359135361,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 141.8867745893283,
"openwebmath_score": 0.8809419870376587,
"tag... |
ideal-gas, gas
Title: Does Ideal Gas Theory make distinctions between chemical species? As stated above, in the theory of ideal gases, do we care about chemical species or can all be treated as the same i.e. $\text{N}_2 = \text{O}_2$?
My initial thought is no, since for the same system conditions, $PV=nRT$ outputs the... | {
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"tags": "ideal-gas, gas",
"url": null
} |
= y_2$$ (the two points have the same height). In L1, enter the x-coordinates given. Can you find a line that goes through them? Curve sketching means you got a function and are looking for roots, turning and inflection points. Tool to find the equation of a function from its points, its coordinates x, y=f(x) according... | {
"domain": "vanmauchonloc.vn",
"id": null,
"lm_label": "1. Yes\n2. Yes\n\n",
"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.9817357195106374,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8564145645105419,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8723473614033683,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 607.7967962292461,
"openwebmath_score": 0.6647066473960876,
"... |
approximations, linear-systems, coupled-oscillators
Title: Coupled-mode theory and slowly varying envelope approximation I am facing a situation where I have the following coupled-system equation:
$ \dot{U}(z) = i \; M(z) \cdot U(z) \quad ,$
where U is a N-vector and M is a NxN matrix.
Now, the diagonal elements of M ... | {
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"tags": "approximations, linear-systems, coupled-oscillators",
"url": null
} |
python, python-3.x
extractorExecuteCommand = [extractor, logFile, outputDir]
try:
result = subprocess.run(args = extractorExecuteCommand, stderr=subprocess.STDOUT, shell=True)
result.check_returncode()
except subprocess.CalledProcessError as err:
result = err.returncode
print("Error code: {0}".format(... | {
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "python, python-3.x",
"url": null
} |
python, python-3.x, web-services, framework
Title: Web application response message API The following excerpt is part of a web application microservice framework.
The goal of the provided module is to define a base class Message that may be configured by INI-style configuration files providing the message text in seve... | {
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"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "python, python-3.x, web-services, framework",
"url": null
} |
titration
Title: Strong Acid/Strong Base Titration Bromothymol Blue is an indicator that turns yellow in acid, blue in base.
If I were to titrate NaOH with HCl, what color should I look for at the equivalence point? Should I titrate until the solution turns from blue to yellow or will there be an intermediate colour o... | {
"domain": "chemistry.stackexchange",
"id": 5645,
"lm_label": null,
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"lm_q2_score": null,
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "titration",
"url": null
} |
quantum-field-theory, perturbation-theory, chirality, effective-field-theory
$$
\langle 0| A_\mu^a (0) |\pi^b (p)\rangle= ip_\mu F \delta _{ab}.
$$
The axial field in the middle is the chiral charge current, so, in Fourier transform, its 0th component integrated over space would give 0 acting on the left, If the vacuu... | {
"domain": "physics.stackexchange",
"id": 41879,
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"tags": "quantum-field-theory, perturbation-theory, chirality, effective-field-theory",
"... |
computational-chemistry, software
and draw chart with CPPTRAJ, then change energy and repeat it until you get a reasonable result. Actually you can find for this some software, too.
Or you can use ATB server for gromacs. If your molecule doesn't have metal ion, upload pdb format to ATB server and then it will give yo... | {
"domain": "chemistry.stackexchange",
"id": 11198,
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "computational-chemistry, software",
"url": null
} |
java, reinventing-the-wheel, hash-map
Title: Set implementation I believe reinventing the wheel is in fact a good learning exercise. How can I improve my Set implementation without just copying HashSet?
No treeification/detreefication, please. I find it too time-consuming to implement.
I decided not to use anything b... | {
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"id": 44815,
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"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "java, reinventing-the-wheel, hash-map",
"url": null
} |
homework-and-exercises, condensed-matter, solid-state-physics, metals
Title: How can we see the microstructure of steel samples at room temperature? When we intend to see the microstructure of a steel sample at a temperature say 950 $^\circ$C they say we quench it in order to freeze the microstructure. However, if we ... | {
"domain": "physics.stackexchange",
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"tags": "homework-and-exercises, condensed-matter, solid-state-physics, metals",
"url": n... |
c++, linked-list
friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& str, SingleLinkedList& data) {
data.display(str);
return str;
}
};
#endif /* LinkedList_hpp */
Here is the main.cpp file that tests this header file:
#include <iostream>
#include "LinkedList.hpp"
int main(int argc, const char * argv[... | {
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"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "c++, linked-list",
"url": null
} |
\begin{align} N_1(n+1)&=N_1(n)\\ N_2(n+1)&=N_1(n)\\ N_3(n+1)&=N_1(n)+N_2(n)\\ N_4(n+1)&=N_1(n)+N_2(n)+N_3(n)\\ &\,\,\vdots\\ N_{n+1}(n+1)&=N_1(n)+N_2(n)+\cdots+N_n(n) \end{align}
It follows by induction that, for $n\ge2$,
\begin{align} N_1(n)=N_2(n)&=1\\ N_3(n)=1+1&=2\\ N_4(n)=1+1+2&=4\\ &\,\,\vdots\\ N_n(n)=1+1+2+4+... | {
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"openwebmath_perplexity": 172.11402410937208,
"openwebmath_score": 0.8483524918556213,
"tag... |
ros, moveit, follow-joint-trajectory, action
Title: MoveIt FollowJointTrajectoryFeedback - What happens with it?
Hey guys,
I am writing a controller for a robot. I managed to get it running with MoveIt and Rviz, I have a JointStatePublisher running and can plan trajectories. Most of the times the robot moves along th... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "ros, moveit, follow-joint-trajectory, action",
"url": null
} |
urdf, xacro
Title: Problem in adding two Schunk arms plus a simple shape (e.g. cylinder) into .urdf.xacro
Dear Friends,
First of all, I apologize if my question may look trivial. I am new with ROS.
Here is the problem: The aim is to have two Schunk arms mounted on a simple box.
We have a robot.urdf.xacro file. This f... | {
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"id": 22139,
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "urdf, xacro",
"url": null
} |
quantum-field-theory, charge, polarization, virtual-particles
Title: Why do nearby charges increase the probability of virtual particles? I'm a layperson currently reading through Matt Strassler and on his website, he states, in relation to using positronium as an example of vacuum fluctuation effects:
The stronger f... | {
"domain": "physics.stackexchange",
"id": 53533,
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"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "quantum-field-theory, charge, polarization, virtual-particles",
"url": null
} |
c++, beginner, c++14
Title: Tic-Tac-Toe Implementation in C++ First full program in C++. I'm having trouble understanding when I should use classes and when I should not. Ultimately, after this review, I would love to have a better idea of what circumstances I should use classes and how I can more efficiently write ... | {
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"id": 20355,
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "c++, beginner, c++14",
"url": null
} |
# can be optimised to 1D array
"""
def interweavingStrings(one, two, three):
if len(three) != len(one) + len(two):
return False
dp = [[False for _ in range(len(two)+1)] for _ in range(len(one)+1)]
# # fill in the defaults that will be used to generate the next
dp[0][0] = True
for i in range(1, len(one)+1): # left c... | {
"domain": "paulonteri.com",
"id": null,
"lm_label": "1. YES\n2. YES",
"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.9559813501370535,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8218225111577803,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8596637487122111,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 6090.381773024074,
"openwebmath_score": 0.30743175745010376,
"tags"... |
python, parsing, regex, numpy, pandas
pass is for when Python requires you to have something, but there's nothing else to have. So it works in the except clauses, but otherwise isn't necessary.
But catching an exception without doing anything else is usually a bad idea. You want to know that something happened, espe... | {
"domain": "codereview.stackexchange",
"id": 42285,
"lm_label": null,
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"lm_q2_score": null,
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "python, parsing, regex, numpy, pandas",
"url": null
} |
equation. Various visual features are used to highlight focus areas. 1) The equation is linear of second order with polynomial coecients. EXAMPLE 2 Power Series Solution Use a power series to solve the differential equation Solution Assume that is. Notice that 0 is a singular point of this differential equation. A powe... | {
"domain": "sicituradastra.it",
"id": null,
"lm_label": "1. Yes\n2. Yes",
"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.9902915223724212,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8738608306621545,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8824278618165526,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 599.5197649938564,
"openwebmath_score": 0.7561150193214417,
"tag... |
general-relativity, black-holes, moon, kerr-metric
Would this be possible? Can a planet have a black hole moon at all?
Would anything on Earth change? NOTHING.
The exoticness of black holes lies between their singularity and event horizon. Outside of this region we won't we able to tell whether it's a normal star or a... | {
"domain": "physics.stackexchange",
"id": 52489,
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "general-relativity, black-holes, moon, kerr-metric",
"url": null
} |
## Sine of an inscribed angle
Did you know that the ratio between the side of any triangle and the sine of the opposite angle is equal to the diameter of the triangle’s circumcircle? I didn’t! I just learned it today when researching the law of sines. All that time spent on the law of sines in high school, and no one ... | {
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"id": null,
"lm_label": "1. YES\n2. YES",
"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.9940889297427778,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8262301008296935,
"lm_q2_score": 0.831143045767024,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 375.8012743034098,
"openwebmath_score": 0.8220394849777222,
"t... |
angular-momentum, orbital-motion, quantum-spin, atomic-physics
Note that this is distinct from the spin of an electron which does not involve any movement in real space, but is instead an intrinsic property of a particle. | {
"domain": "physics.stackexchange",
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"tags": "angular-momentum, orbital-motion, quantum-spin, atomic-physics",
"url": null
} |
sur « accepter les cookies » pour vous offrir la meilleure expérience navigation. » pour vous offrir la meilleure expérience de navigation possible ’ s diagonal, 's... Pythagorean Theorem, the video right triangle inscribed in a circle the relationship between the sides and hypotenuse of a draw..., $\angle COD =2\theta... | {
"domain": "com.pl",
"id": null,
"lm_label": "1. YES\n2. YES",
"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.9664104924150546,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8115277171957763,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8397339676722393,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 814.5840034889102,
"openwebmath_score": 0.5601709485054016,
"tags": null,
... |
-
In your first equation, $a^2$ goes to $\sqrt{a}$. But in the second equation, $2$ goes to $\sqrt{2}$? – User58220 Jul 13 '13 at 22:11
Nice answer and have nice week end! – Sami Ben Romdhane Mar 22 at 13:45
$$\frac{dx}{x^2+2} = \frac{dx}{2\left(\frac{x^2}{2} + 1\right)} =\frac{dx}{2\left(\left(\frac{x}{\sqrt{2}}\ri... | {
"domain": "stackexchange.com",
"id": null,
"lm_label": "1. YES\n2. YES",
"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.9850429120895839,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8007091899051727,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8128673178375734,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 415.7139011191172,
"openwebmath_score": 0.9587247371673584,
"tag... |
php, algorithm
$time_diff = strtotime('now') - strtotime($tab->timestamp);
$hours = $time_diff / 3600;
########
$last_activity = pow(($hours+2), 1.8);
########
//Compare genres
$genre_weight = 1;
if ($studio->songGenre == $user_genre) {
$genre_weig... | {
"domain": "codereview.stackexchange",
"id": 1250,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
"lm_q1_score": null,
"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "php, algorithm",
"url": null
} |
react.js, jsx
floodFillIterative(i, j) {
const oldColor = this.props.squares[i][j].color;
const newColor = this.getUniqueRandomColor(oldColor);
const squares = this.props.squares.slice();
const stack = [
[i, j]
];
while (stack.length) {
const squareCoordinates = stack.pop();
... | {
"domain": "codereview.stackexchange",
"id": 32422,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
"lm_q1_score": null,
"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "react.js, jsx",
"url": null
} |
rotational-dynamics
Title: Why does angular momentum have sine in its formula? Angular momentum is defined as the cross product of the radius vector and the (linear)momentum vector. Its magnitude is given by the formula: r * m * v sinθ .
Angular Momentum comes into picture only in rotational motion. So, if we have an ... | {
"domain": "physics.stackexchange",
"id": 47076,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
"lm_q1_score": null,
"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "rotational-dynamics",
"url": null
} |
general-relativity, spacetime, differential-geometry, curvature, spacetime-dimensions
Title: Why does GTR not need a higher dimension to describe the bending of spacetime? I am a bit confused on how GTR uses intrinsic curvature instead of extrinsic curvature. Maybe it is just a misunderstanding, but I will do my best ... | {
"domain": "physics.stackexchange",
"id": 69624,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
"lm_q1_score": null,
"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "general-relativity, spacetime, differential-geometry, curvature, spacetime-dimensi... |
classical-mechanics, energy, rotational-dynamics
Proof - Consider a reference point A away from the center of mass. The following is true from standard mechanics if the center of mass is at $\boldsymbol{r}_{\rm CM}$ relative to point A.
$$\begin{aligned}
\boldsymbol{v}_A & = \boldsymbol{v}_{\rm CM} - \boldsymbol{\ome... | {
"domain": "physics.stackexchange",
"id": 66709,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
"lm_q1_score": null,
"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "classical-mechanics, energy, rotational-dynamics",
"url": null
} |
algorithms, time-complexity, sorting
Title: sock matching algorithm There are $n$ pairs of socks, all different. They all went out of the dryer, so there are now $2n$ socks scattered around. Given two socks, the only operation I can do is to decide whether they are identical (- belong to the same pair) or different (-... | {
"domain": "cs.stackexchange",
"id": 1872,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
"lm_q1_score": null,
"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "algorithms, time-complexity, sorting",
"url": null
} |
terminology, semiconductor-physics
Title: Does reverse biasing hold any meaning in case if both terminals are n type semiconductors? When we talk about an n-p-n transistor in common emitter configuration, we often say that emitter-collector circuit (the one towards right) is reverse biased. In what sense it is reverse... | {
"domain": "physics.stackexchange",
"id": 19717,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
"lm_q1_score": null,
"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "terminology, semiconductor-physics",
"url": null
} |
ros, rviz, stl, mesh
Title: RVIZ Marker STL Mesh Color and Transparency Issues
Hi,
Has anyone been able to get STL meshes to properly display with the specified color and alpha values when generating the messages in roscpp and visualizing them in RVIZ?
For some reason, I can get the meshes to display but no matter ho... | {
"domain": "robotics.stackexchange",
"id": 28927,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
"lm_q1_score": null,
"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "ros, rviz, stl, mesh",
"url": null
} |
standard-model, conventions, normalization, pions
(How) is the normalization of the pion state $|\pi\rangle$ connected to the numeric value of the decay constant? Nowadays, one always uses (2) to normalize a pion component. And one always uses
$$\tag{1} \langle 0|\,j_{A}^{\,\mu\,a}(x)|\pi^b(p)\rangle = \text{i} p^\mu... | {
"domain": "physics.stackexchange",
"id": 52928,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "standard-model, conventions, normalization, pions",
"url": null
} |
c, reinventing-the-wheel, error-handling, image, memory-management
size_t clip(const size_t, const size_t, const size_t);
float clip_float(const float, const float, const float);
#endif
basic_functions.c: Contains several basic function definitions
/* Develop by Jimmy Hu */
#include "basic_functions.h"
MONOIMAGE ... | {
"domain": "codereview.stackexchange",
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"tags": "c, reinventing-the-wheel, error-handling, image, memory-management",
"url": n... |
oscillators, differential-equations, applied-physics
Title: Questions about overdamping, critical damping and underdamping I am a math lecturer and in my teaching of second-order linear differential equations I present, as an application, the classical mass-spring-dashpot system (and its RLC analogue). According to my... | {
"domain": "physics.stackexchange",
"id": 91744,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "oscillators, differential-equations, applied-physics",
"url": null
} |
homework-and-exercises, lagrangian-formalism, coordinate-systems, differentiation
$$x_{3N}=f_{3N}(q_1,q_2,...,q_n,t).\tag{6-1}$$
When I differentiate Eq (6-54) with respect to $q_i$ I get second derivatives and I have no idea how the term $\frac{\partial^2 x_j}{\partial t\partial \dot q_i}$ is dealt with. Any insight ... | {
"domain": "physics.stackexchange",
"id": 58942,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
"lm_q1_score": null,
"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "homework-and-exercises, lagrangian-formalism, coordinate-systems, differentiation"... |
image-processing, matlab, convolution, computer-vision
Title: Analyzing 2 2D Kernels Which Approximates a Gaussian Kernel I'm new to image processing and am working on mask operations.
I was given two kernels A and B, and performed convolutions respectively on an image.
Then, I have to get the difference of output ima... | {
"domain": "dsp.stackexchange",
"id": 11684,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
"lm_q1_score": null,
"lm_q1q2_score": null,
"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "image-processing, matlab, convolution, computer-vision",
"url": null
} |
waves
Title: How to derive the phase difference of a standing wave? We know a standing wave is defined by $D(x,t)=2a \sin kx\cos wt$. Intuitively, all particles within the same "loop" of a standing wave are vibrating in phase; all particles within 2 adjacent "loops" are vibrating in opposite phase. However, is there a... | {
"domain": "physics.stackexchange",
"id": 40784,
"lm_label": null,
"lm_name": null,
"lm_q1_score": null,
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"lm_q2_score": null,
"openwebmath_perplexity": null,
"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "waves",
"url": null
} |
and accordingly to that write 4 systems of equations and solve each of them?
We may write the system we want to solve as::
$x+y=\pm 5$
$x=\pm6/y$
Substituting the second of these into the first (remembering that
the ambiguous signs are independent).
$\pm6/y+y= \pm 5$
Multiply through by $y$:
$\pm 6+y^2 \pm 5y=0$
... | {
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"lm_q2_score": 0.8221891305219504,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 4579.79131699949,
"openwebmath_score": 0.9933207035064697,
"... |
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