text stringlengths 49 10.4k | source dict |
|---|---|
– Mechanical Engineering, Second Year 4th Semester MA6452 Statistics and Numerical Methods Previous Year Question Papers For The Regulation 2013. They were produced by question setters, primarily for the benefit of the examiners. Do you wish to improve your overall grasp over Numerical Methods? Try these set of questio... | {
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... |
programming-languages, functional-programming
Title: Can we always transform a set of lines to a function? If I have n lines in a programming language like Python (globally or inside a function):
..
..
# from here
..
..
..
..
# to here
..
..
or
def example():
...
...
# from here
...
...
...
... | {
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"tags": "programming-languages, functional-programming",
"url": null
} |
python, performance, mathematics, csv, floating-point
# Reads the reference file
ref=[]
for refs in glob.glob("*.ref"):
fr=open(refs)
for line in fr.readlines():
parts=line.rstrip('\n').split('\t')
ref.append(parts)
fr.close()
# Initialize the output file
f=open('output.xls','w')
for i in range(1,len(re... | {
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"tags": "python, performance, mathematics, csv, floating-point",
"url": null
} |
looking for the partial fraction decomposition of the ra-. Series Geometric Senes Telescoping Series Limaçons and Lemniscates Parametric Equations—Second Derivatives and Tangent Lines Partial Fractions Convergence and Divergence Series Indexing Arithmetic of Series Integration by Parts Il Vector Functions Implicit Diff... | {
"domain": "motcha.de",
"id": null,
"lm_label": "1. YES\n2. YES\n\n",
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"lm_q1_score": 0.9918120888882002,
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"lm_q2_score": 0.8652240825770433,
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"openwebmath_score": 0.886096179485321,
"tags": n... |
= AB is an n by p matrix. MATLAB does range truncation of all integer multiplication as well, not modulo (probably the reason why integer matrix multiplication is not defined). Matrix multiplication is an important multiplication design in parallel computation. All-Pairs Shortest Paths Problem To find the shortest path ... | {
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"openwebmath_perplexity": 485.57044798572787,
"openwebmath_score": 0.7652763724327087,
"tags": null,
... |
quantum-field-theory, particle-physics
Title: Would a spin-2 particle necessarily have to be a graviton? I'm reading often that a possible reason to explain why the Nobel committee is copping out from making the physics Nobel related to the Higgs could be, among other things, the fact that the spin of the new particle... | {
"domain": "physics.stackexchange",
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"tags": "quantum-field-theory, particle-physics",
"url": null
} |
homework-and-exercises, electrostatics, electric-fields, charge, vectors
\tag{09}
\end{equation}
that is the hint equation (Hint-A$^{\prime}$).
We note that equation (08) is independent of the value of the charge $\,q_{3}$. This might be expected, since its solution with respect to $\,x\,$ give us the point where the... | {
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"tags": "homework-and-exercises, electrostatics, electric-fields, charge, vectors",
"url"... |
quantum-mechanics, homework-and-exercises, operators, quantum-optics
Title: Exponential of Quadrature Operator acting on Coherent State I have an operator $\hat{O}=e^{i s (\hat{a}^\dagger+\hat{a})}=e^{i2s\hat{x}}$, where $\hat{a}^\dagger, \hat{a}$ are the creation/annihilation operators (or $\hat{x}$ is the real quadr... | {
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"id": 36854,
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "quantum-mechanics, homework-and-exercises, operators, quantum-optics",
"url": nu... |
mechanical-engineering, thermodynamics, heat-transfer
Title: Why is there a spring balance in the mechanical equivalent of heat apparatus I was reading a text talking about Joule's experiment(mechanical equivalent of heat)
The mechanical equivalent of heat was a concept that had an important part in the development an... | {
"domain": "engineering.stackexchange",
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"tags": "mechanical-engineering, thermodynamics, heat-transfer",
"url": null
} |
with this approach the phase will ... 6 If the Z-transform of the feedforward section is divisible by the Z-transform of the feedback section, the filter is FIR. Consider your example:$y[n] = y[n-1] + x[n] - x[n-3]$. The Z-transform is$\mathrm Y(z)- z^{-1}\mathrm Y(z) = \mathrm X(z) - z^{-3}\mathrm X(z)$, and the Z-tra... | {
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"openwebmath_score": 0.6908063292503357,
"tags... |
Let be such that For all we have hence We find that
( because it is the off-diagonal element of the identity matrix). Also, for all we have hence and
## Problem 5.
Let be the function given by
Prove that has a local maximum and a local minimum in the interval for any positive integer .
# Solution:
On each interva... | {
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"tags... |
1) The smallest number of them is 5
2) The largest number of them is 15
* A solution will be posted in two days.
_________________
MathRevolution: Finish GMAT Quant Section with 10 minutes to spare
The one-and-only World’s First Variable Approach for DS and IVY Approach for PS with ease, speed and accuracy.
"Only $9... | {
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"lm_q2_score": 0.8740772400852111,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 3363.1534959355936,
"openwebmath_score": 0.4148408770561218,
"tags": n... |
image-processing, filters, fourier-transform, deconvolution, inverse-problem
Title: Using the Inverse Filter to Correct a Spatially Convolved Image (Deconvolution) As part of a homework assignment, we are implementing the Inverse Filter. Degrade an image then recover with an Inverse Filter.
I convolve the image in the... | {
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"tags": "image-processing, filters, fourier-transform, deconvolution, inverse-problem",
"url": n... |
condensed-matter, topological-order, topological-insulators
On the other hand, while the connection to something like Gauss-Bonnet might be clear for topological order in "TQFTs" or in the ground state degeneracy, these seem a bit formal. I think my favorite answer is the adiabatic continuity (or lack thereof) that Ev... | {
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"tags": "condensed-matter, topological-order, topological-insulators",
"url": null
} |
ros, nodehandle
Title: What is the use of multiple nodehandles
I didn't really get the concept of nodehandles from the ROS wiki and couldn't find any concise answer with google. I understood that a ROS node can have multiple nodehandles and they refer to the same node. In a node's main(), I first initialize the node ... | {
"domain": "robotics.stackexchange",
"id": 22719,
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"tags": "ros, nodehandle",
"url": null
} |
field-theory, causality, differential-equations, locality, equations-of-motion
$$ {\mathcal L}_{\rm Klein-Gordon} = \frac{1}{2} \partial^\mu \Phi \partial_\mu \Phi $$
which inevitably produce second-order equations as well. Now, what about the terms in the equations with fourth or higher derivatives?
They're actually ... | {
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"tags": "field-theory, causality, differential-equations, locality, equations-of-motion",
... |
thermodynamics, statistical-mechanics, entropy, arrow-of-time
Title: Why does the law of increasing entropy, a law arising from statistics of many particles, underpin modern physics? As far as I interpret it, the law of ever increasing entropy states that "a system will always move towards the most disordered state, ... | {
"domain": "physics.stackexchange",
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"tags": "thermodynamics, statistical-mechanics, entropy, arrow-of-time",
"url": null
} |
gwas
Fixed effects - such as age, sex (something that is a phenotype of the samples),
Random effects - such as batch or other "technical" consideration,
This means you can format a model as you would before, but include an additional "random effects" term for your "matched" variable;
model = lme( fixed= outcome ~ exp... | {
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"tags": "gwas",
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} |
programming-languages, finite-model-theory, fixed-point
So f is a fixed point of the identity function:
f ≡ id f
But every function is a fixed point of id. Under the usual domain-theoretic ordering, "undefined" is the least element. And indeed, our function f is the everywhere undefined function.
Added on request: in... | {
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"tags": "programming-languages, finite-model-theory, fixed-point",
"url": null
} |
c++, vectorization, eigen
Tyx ICP_algo(MatrixXd X, MatrixXd Y, Vector3d t0, Matrix3d R0, double d_max, int max_iter)
{
int iter = 0;
Tyx T;
MatrixXi C;
while(true)
{
C = EstimateCorrespondences(X , Y , t0 , R0 , d_max);
T = ComputeOptimalRigidRegistration(X, Y, C);
t0 = T.tr... | {
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"id": 44254,
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"tags": "c++, vectorization, eigen",
"url": null
} |
php, object-oriented, design-patterns
# If system user exists
// if ( $this->system_user->find(intval(Session::get(Config::$systemUserId))) ){
# Re-generate users secret stuff
$this->system_user->generate_security_sessions(false);
$flag = tr... | {
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"tags": "php, object-oriented, design-patterns",
"url": null
} |
solar-system, mars, planetary-atmosphere, planetary-science, atmospheric-escape
Title: ...but where did Mars' atmosphere actually GO? In this answer to How is space a vacuum when there are planets, gases, etc? I mention that most of Mars' original atmosphere was swept away by the solar wind after the planet lost its m... | {
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"tags": "solar-system, mars, planetary-atmosphere, planetary-science, atmospheric-escape",... |
java
Title: Externalize to a function I have the following code block which I'd like to refactor into a method, I just don't see a good way to get the following code into a method which doesn't have multiple responsibilities. Here is the code block:
int maxResults = pageable.getMaxResults(userPrefs);
int firstResult;... | {
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"tags": "java",
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} |
group-theory, representation-theory, lie-algebra
What is the difference between the antifundamental representation and the dual representation?
Why is the dual space of interest in this matter?
Which should I use to describe anti particles? And why? The antifundamental representation is just the complex conjugate repr... | {
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"tags": "group-theory, representation-theory, lie-algebra",
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As user254something points out, you don't need Baire category. Just observe that discrete implies countable. Then $\mathbb{R}$ is a countable Union of countable sets. Contradiction.
• I have tried to use similar argument in my answer via Heine Borel Theorem, but I am not familiar with Baire Category Theorem so can't r... | {
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"lm_q2_score": 0.8175744828610095,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 139.93470012780435,
"openwebmath_score": 0.9182726144790649,
"ta... |
thermodynamics
where $T$ is temperature, $r$ is the distance from the center, $\alpha(T)$ is the thermal diffusivity of the material (itself a function of temperature), and $t$ is time. The initial condition is the initial temperature profile $T(r)$ at time $t=0$, and the boundary condition is the sum of the various h... | {
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"tags": "thermodynamics",
"url": null
} |
quantum-mechanics, optics, photons, quantum-optics, thought-experiment
Update So in searching a reliable way to make the estimation, I found this discussion where different approaches are given. I think this is better than any estimation I can sketch at this point.
As for the feasibility of all this, I think the clo... | {
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"tags": "quantum-mechanics, optics, photons, quantum-optics, thought-experiment",
"url": ... |
navigation, hokuyo
Title: Segbot Documenation
Any documentation/instructions available for using Segbot package for navigation?
I am trying to implement autonomous navigation on a Segway based Robot. Currently, the only available sensor for navigation is hokuyo. So far I have been able control the Segway using libse... | {
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"tags": "navigation, hokuyo",
"url": null
} |
galactic-dynamics
Title: What happens to galaxies when they die? Stars explode when they die and blast heavy elements into space. Do galaxies do the same thing? Well, it would be useful to define what a 'dead' galaxy is. Probably the most simple method would be a galaxy that is no longer producing new stars. We mig... | {
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"id": 895,
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "galactic-dynamics",
"url": null
} |
complexity-theory, computability, undecidability, decision-problem
If you have a non-deterministic decider, then for every accepting computation you can write down the path of choices taken by the decider to reach the accept state. Since the decider runs in polynomial time, this path will be of at most polynomial leng... | {
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"tags": "complexity-theory, computability, undecidability, decision-problem",
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First of all very similar questions have been asked here and even I have answered some of them, but now I will provide an answer using yet another approach.
Our aim is to show the effect of down-sampling on the DFT. Let $$x[n]$$ be a sequence of length $$N$$. And let's define $$y[n]$$ by downsampling $$x[n]$$ by an in... | {
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"openwebmath_score": 0.859512209892273,
"tags... |
magnetic-fields, magnetostatics
Here, $\hat{r}$ points toward the current element, not toward the location of the field. This is where you sign issue is.
If you were to write the formula in
$$\frac{\mu_0}{4\pi}\int \frac{Id\vec{l}\times \vec{r}'}{\left|\vec{r}'\right|^3}=\frac{\mu_0}{4\pi}\int \frac{Id\vec{l}\times \h... | {
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"tags": "magnetic-fields, magnetostatics",
"url": null
} |
geophysics, climate-change, climate-models
What changes with Earths precession is the position of the stars. The sky will shift depending on where Earth is in it's 22,000 year wobble. Similarly, the North star won't always be the North star. The night sky will look shifted by about 46 degrees in 11,000 years (some... | {
"domain": "earthscience.stackexchange",
"id": 1407,
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"tags": "geophysics, climate-change, climate-models",
"url": null
} |
computer-vision
Title: Why does an ideal high pass filter on this image generate gray values
As seen from the image below, an ideal high pass filter was applied. Hence, stark changes in pixels from lighter to darker or vice versa show up on the filtered image. However, slower changes such as on the cheekbone appear t... | {
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} |
c#, iterator, interface
vs
int Current { get; }
(int Value, InfiniteCounterState State) Next();
void Reset();
The interface itself looks a lot more like IEnumerator<> than IEnumerable<>, so IMO implementing IEnumerable<> is misleading and dangerous. The docs for IEnumerable<> don't say either way wheth... | {
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"tags": "c#, iterator, interface",
"url": null
} |
homework-and-exercises, collision
I know that some energy is lost to air resistance and to friction in the bearings and tyres,
Even this just means the energy gets turned into heat somewhere else instead of heat in the brakes.
Earth must have some kinetic energy from the collision no?
Let's say it's a big car, weig... | {
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"tags": "homework-and-exercises, collision",
"url": null
} |
methods. Background We will now review some ideas from linear algebra. eig Examples Symmetric Matrices Diagonalization Matrix Powers Exercises Applications Differential Equations Differential Equations First Order Equations Second Order Equations SciPy ODE Solvers. In 3-dimentional space, most likely you will have thre... | {
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"lm_label": "1. YES\n2. YES\n\n",
"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.9850429116504951,
"lm_q1q2_score": 0.8098915814943689,
"lm_q2_score": 0.8221891370573388,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 803.9310905847997,
"openwebmath_score": 0.7181374430656433,
"tags": nu... |
php, html, array
You close on every iteration that it's open and add list items on every iteration, but you only open if the area changes.
foreach($suggestions as $suggestion)
{
echo '<h3>';
echo $suggestion['area'];
echo "</h3>\n";
echo "<ol>\n";
foreach($suggestion['activity'] as $activity)
... | {
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"tags": "php, html, array",
"url": null
} |
python, python-3.x, bitwise
original technique above
technique by AlexV with overlapping unsigned 16 bit integers
change comms protocol to send a padded 4 byte unsigned integer that struct can convert directly to integer
import struct
import time
import random
import timeit
def gen_random_msg(nbyte = 3):
# make... | {
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} |
c#
foreach (var teamLeader in teamLeaders)
{
EmpGuid.Add(teamLeader.EmpGuid);
}
parameters = ToDataTable(EmpGuid);
}
But I need to add more checkboxes. For foreach checkbox I will add to my form I need to add it to each conditional, and ... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "c#",
"url": null
} |
ros, camera-driver
Title: How to add prefix to "/set_camera_info" service?
Hi all,
I'm trying to advertise a camera image+info in order to calibrate it.
I create my info manager like follows :
camera_info_manager::CameraInfoManager info_mgr(nh, "webcam");
webcam is my camera name. Though, when I start the programme ... | {
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"tags": "ros, camera-driver",
"url": null
} |
$$P(x|y)$$ and $$P(y|x)$$ are different things and do not have to be related. Say that you have an “algorithm” that predicts the weather. It is very simple, it always predicts “it is going to rain”. So P(predicted rain|rain) = 1, in all cases it rained, it also predicted rain. On another hand, say that in your area it ... | {
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"ta... |
With definitions of matrix addition and scalar multiplication we can now state, and prove, several properties of each operation, and some properties that involve their interplay. We now collect ten of them here for later reference.
While some of these properties seem very obvious, they all require proof. However, the ... | {
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"openwebmath_score": 0.9999170303344727,
"tags... |
(If I knew this before, I had forgotten. Thanks to Discretelizard for pointing this out to me.)
• This doesn't work with glpsol (from glpk) forced to use simplex algorithm. I give a shortened version because MathProg is too verbose: maximize abspos+absneg when y<=10 & x<=y & v=x-y & abspos-absneg=v & y>=0 & x>=0 & abs... | {
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"openwebmath_score": 0.9193260669708252,
"tags"... |
quantum-mechanics, thermodynamics, statistical-mechanics, phase-transition
Edit: Landau theory is more famously applied to explain continuous phase transitions, and the Wikipedia page concentrates exclusively on this aspect. But when the appropriate terms in the order parameter (e.g. cubic terms) are added to the free... | {
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"ur... |
x i +1]to be a b x y f H x L Area ≈ S M: Midpoint Riemann Sum. One of the programs is opened so students can see that it is nothing more than the summation notation they had. Calculus Q&A Library se sigma notation to write the following Riemann sum. In sigma notation, we get that 1 2 3 99 = E k In This Module • We will... | {
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"openwebmath_score": 0.9426590204238892,
"t... |
rosdep, ros-hydro, ubuntu, ubuntu-precise, rospack
Title: rospack depends1 error, rosdep version?
I am trying to install Hydro on Ubuntu 12.04. I follow the directions straight through, everything seems to install perfectly fine. I make my way through the tutorials until I make it to creating an ROS package. (I'd inc... | {
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"tags": "rosdep, ros-hydro, ubuntu, ubuntu-precise, rospack",
"url": null
} |
electrochemistry
Title: Electrolysis and reduction potentials Why does the hydrogen gets reduced at the cathode and not $\ce{Na}$ when aqueous solution of brine is subjected to electrolysis?
My book says because discharge potential of hydrogen is lower than that of sodium but in the reduction potential table, hydroge... | {
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"tags": "electrochemistry",
"url": null
} |
A First Course in Mathematical Analysis, David Alexander Brannan, ch 1, 1.6 exercises, section 1.3, problem 3
Prove the inequality $$3^{n}\ge2n^{2}+1$$
for $$n=1,2,\dots$$
This looks like a problem which might be solved using the binomial theorem. Recall \begin{align*} (1+x)^{n} & =1+nx+{n \choose 2}x^{2}+\dots\\ & ... | {
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"openwebmath_score": 0.8785029649734497,
"tag... |
neural-networks, tensorflow, transformer, attention
Title: Does transformers' self-attention mechanism process tokens independently, or entire sequence at a time? About attention: the Query, Key and Value vectors (before the linear transformations) are just the entire sequence, that is being inputted, or just each tok... | {
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"tags": "neural-networks, tensorflow, transformer, attention",
"url": null
} |
microscopy, fluorescent-microscopy, safety, research-tools
Title: What kind of microscope for ML/biological research? I am a computer science student, focusing on machine learning applications. I have been always interested in biology but I lack any training in it. Now, I had an idea that I could introduce myself to b... | {
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"tags": "microscopy, fluorescent-microscopy, safety, research-tools",
"url": null
} |
javascript, jquery
I would consider to first partition the parts array by type to make it more readable, avoiding the need to branch out in the same function. Documenting the different object hierarchies using JSDoc would also help the reader immensely, especially in case of any transformations. For example (as per ab... | {
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python
Title: Pascal's Triangle Generator in Python So I've been working on a generator for Pascal's triangle in Python. Now, I wouldn't call myself a Python god, so my program is a lot longer than the very confusing ones on the internet. It's more of a logical approach to creating the triangle.
Here's the program:
de... | {
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k = 1: $\Rightarrow$ $2\left[\cos{\frac{(2(1)+1)\pi}{6}}+i\sin{\frac{(2(1)+1)\p i}{6}}\right]$ = $2\left[\cos{\frac{(2+1)\pi}{6}}+i\sin{\frac{(2+1)\pi}{6}} \right] = 2\left(\cos{\frac{\pi}{2}}+i\sin{\frac{\pi}{2}}\ri ght)$
k = 2: $\Rightarrow$ $2\left[\cos{\frac{(2(2)+1)\pi}{6}}+i\sin{\frac{(2(2)+1)\p i}{6}}\right] = ... | {
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"openwebmath_perplexity": 411.30660523149356,
"openwebmath_score": 0.966547429561615,
"tags... |
using the atan2 function as follows. In a general system of coordinates, we still have x 1, x 2, and x 3 For example, in cylindrical coordinates, we have x 1 = r, x 2 = , and x 3 = z We have already shown how we can write ds2 in cylindrical coordinates, ds2 = dr2 + r2d + dz2 = dx2 1 + x 2 1dx 2 2 + dx 2 3 We write this... | {
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"lm_name": "Qwen/Qwen-72B",
"lm_q1_score": 0.992422760300897,
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"lm_q2_score": 0.8267117898012105,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 683.347574851877,
"openwebmath_score": 0.8974097967147827,
"tags":... |
quantum-algorithms, qiskit
Title: Make a doubly controlled gates from existing operations I'm trying to implement an modular adder mentioned here with qiskit. I have already built the $\Phi ADD$ gate. But in order to build a modular adder like in figure 5 in the paper, I need to build a doubly-controlled $\Phi ADD$ ga... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "quantum-algorithms, qiskit",
"url": null
} |
c++, game
return;
}
int Player::addToInventory(std::shared_ptr<Item> item) {
return inventory.addToInventory(item);
}
Player.h
#pragma once
#include <sstream>
#include "Entity.h"
#include "Map.h"
class Player : public Entity
{
public:
Player(){
name = "Player";
health = 100;
defense ... | {
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} |
ros
process[camera/disparity_depth_registered-18]: started with pid [12750]
Exception AttributeError: AttributeError("'_DummyThread' object has no attribute '_Thread__block'",) in <module 'threading' from '/usr/lib/python2.7/threading.pyc'> ignored
process[camera_base_link-19]: started with pid [12784]
Exception Attri... | {
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"tags": "ros",
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} |
c#, generics, com
return msgRing; // 116
}
/// <summary>
/// Deserialize object with MSGMissedPhone structure.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="message">Message from SpRecord system</param>
/// <returns>MSGMissedPhone</returns>
private static MSGMissedPhone Deser... | {
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} |
c++, object-oriented, game, comparative-review
And then you can eliminate that pesky helper variable:
processPlayerMove(player.get_position().upward(1));
There, that looks clean enough!
Next, look at your switch statement and refactor it to be clearer.
switch (input) {
case MOVE_UP:
processPlayerMove(pla... | {
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} |
hamiltonian-formalism, potential-energy, oscillators
= \sum_m k_{nm}x_mx_n - \frac{1}{2}k_{nn}x_n^2,$$
with a total potential energy of
$$ V = \sum_n V_n = \sum_{nm}k_{nm}x_m x_n - \frac{1}{2}\sum_n k_{nn}x_n^2.$$
For reference, in units where we include the mass $m$, the potential energy is (changing the labeling of ... | {
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"tags": "hamiltonian-formalism, potential-energy, oscillators",
"url": null
} |
complexity-theory, terminology, decision-problem
Title: What is the difference between "Decision" and "Verification" in complexity theory? In Michael Sipser's Theory of Computation on page 270 he writes:
P = the class of languages for which membership can be decided quickly.
NP = the class of languages for which me... | {
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this post) is that things get more complicated when we want to define the distance between a point and a distribution of points . The origin will be at the centroid of the points (the point of their averages). Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. Th... | {
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"openwebmath_score": 0.6857232451438904,
"ta... |
integer-programming, constraint-programming
Title: How to model a logical indicator when two inequalities hold in Integer Programming? I have an IP program where $\forall i \in I, j \in J$ my decision variables are $x_{i,j}$. I have two sets of inequalities (one inequality for every $i,j$ pair) that are of interest wh... | {
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navigation, costmap-2d
Originally posted by DimitriProsser with karma: 11163 on 2012-02-10
This answer was ACCEPTED on the original site
Post score: 4
Original comments
Comment by DimitriProsser on 2012-02-10:
It should register an obstacle in at x=1 y=0 z=-0.4 in the frame of the costmap, yes.
Comment by rohan_k on ... | {
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"url": null
} |
Now $$\displaystyle A = \frac{2}{(n+1)(n+2)} = 2\left[\frac{(n+2)-(n+1)}{(n+1)(n+2)}\right] = 2\left[\frac{1}{n+1}-\frac{1}{n+2}\right]$$
And $$\displaystyle B = \frac{1}{n(n+1)(n+2)} = \frac{1}{2}\left[\frac{(n+2)-(n)}{n(n+1)(n+2)}\right] = \frac{1}{2}\left[\frac{1}{n(n+1)}-\frac{1}{(n+1)(n+2)}\right]$$
$$\displayst... | {
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"openwebmath_perplexity": 274.77629936584015,
"openwebmath_score": 0.7232717275619507,
"ta... |
black-holes, event-horizon, hawking-radiation, qft-in-curved-spacetime, unruh-effect
Title: Do the null geodesics of photons emitted by Hawking radiation arise from the event horizon? It is a well-known explanation of Hawking radiation that it originates from the quantum fluctuations near the horizon. Does it mean tha... | {
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"openwebmath_score": null,
"tags": "black-holes, event-horizon, hawking-radiation, qft-in-curved-spacetime, unruh-effe... |
electromagnetism, electrons
(where $\vec{\mathbf{v}}$ now denotes the speed of the second referential relative to the first one (i.e not the same $\vec{\mathbf{v}}$ as before) and $\gamma$ is some function of $\vec{\mathbf{v}}$.) It is based on this formula that people say that eletric and magnetic fields are the same... | {
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"tags": "electromagnetism, electrons",
"url": null
} |
c, linux, http, socket, server
}
void accept1(int server_fd,struct sockaddr_in address,int addrlen)
{
while(1)
{
int new_socket;
if ((new_socket = accept(server_fd, (struct sockaddr *)&address,
(socklen_t*)&addrlen))<0)
{
perror(... | {
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"tags": "c, linux, http, socket, server",
"url": null
} |
By linearity of matrix multiplication,
and thus for all Since for all it follows that for any matrix In particular, if is the identity matrix in we have
as required.
• has entries and combined have entries.
• It can be seen from the picture that has kinds of columns: one whose components are all dark, another whose... | {
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"tags": n... |
for every real number $a$.
Then, using the linearity of the imaginary part, your sum is clearly equal to the imaginary part of another much simpler sum :
$$\sin(a)+\ldots+\sin((n-1)a)=\mathrm{Im}\left(e^{ia}\right)+\ldots+\mathrm{Im}\left(\left(e^{ia}\right)^{n-1}\right)=\mathrm{Im}\left(e^{ia}+\ldots+\left(e^{ia}\ri... | {
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"lm_q2_score": 0.8633916082162403,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 292.26840096810173,
"openwebmath_score": 0.8187862038612366,
"ta... |
special-relativity, inertial-frames, covariance
Title: Which Frame of Reference is Correct? I am reading a lot about the theory of special relativity, but I have a very basic question about this theory I still don't understand. Consider a particle in two inertial reference frames $\Sigma$ and $\Sigma'$. The reference ... | {
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"tags": "special-relativity, inertial-frames, covariance",
"url": null
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c++, linked-list, reinventing-the-wheel, c++14, inheritance
}
} else {
--right_size;
swap(left_raw->data, right_raw->data); // put the value from the right sublist in the correct place
swap(right_raw->data, right_raw->next->data); // move the next value in the right sublist... | {
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"tags": "c++, linked-list, reinventing-the-wheel, c++14, inheritance",
"url": null
} |
and the claim follows by expanding out the second factor. $\Box$
Observe that Lemma 1 is a special case of Proposition 2 when ${\nu=1}$ and the ${g_j}$ are orthonormal. In general, one can expect Proposition 2 to be useful when the ${g_j}$ are almost orthogonal relative to ${\nu}$, in that the correlations ${\sum_n \n... | {
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"lm_q2_score": 0.8152324848629214,
"openwebmath_perplexity": 4622.61496713103,
"openwebmath_score": 1.0000090599060059,
"tags": n... |
sampling, nyquist, compression
Title: Compressed Sensing vs Common Compression Approaches I have a very basic question regarding common compressing approaches. Often, I have heard something like "The problem in our common way to compress data is, that we have to acquire a huge number of samples from our signal, becaus... | {
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"tags": "sampling, nyquist, compression",
"url": null
} |
c, bitwise, compression
Title: Compressing a 'char' array using bit packing I have a large array (around 1 MB) of type unsigned char (i.e. uint8_t). I know that the bytes in it can have only one of 5 values (i.e. 0, 1, 2, 3, 4). Moreover, we do not need to preserve '3's from the input, they can be safely lost when we ... | {
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"tags": "c, bitwise, compression",
"url": null
} |
robotic-arm, mechanism, software
Title: Beginner question about software for calculations I'm a complete beginner in robotics with background in programming...
I started thinking about a robot project yesterday and want to order some motors to test with. I saw the specs for the motors, torque etc, and I think I rememb... | {
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nthe sample space for the last experiment would be all the ordered pairs in the form (d,c), where d represents the roll of a die and c represents the flip of a coin. Using the same data from the compound event video, I make a diagram to illustrate compound event probability and how to avoid double counting data when fi... | {
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"lm_q2_score": 0.8774767986961401,
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"openwebmath_score": 0.7061757445335388,
"tags"... |
navigation, ros-kinetic, robot-localization
My dual_navsat_ekf launch file is as follows:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-15"?>
<launch>
<rosparam command="load" file="$(find rasberry_navigation)/config/dual_ekf_navsat_2gps.yaml" />
<node pkg="robot_localization" type="ekf_localization_node" ... | {
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"tags": "navigation, ros-kinetic, robot-localization",
"url": null
} |
quantum-mechanics, homework-and-exercises
Title: Quantum Number of a Tennis Ball A tennis player has a tennis ball container with a single ball in it (it normally holds three). He shakes the tennis ball horizontally back and forth, so that the ball bounces between the two ends. We model the tennis ball as a quantum pa... | {
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"tags": "quantum-mechanics, homework-and-exercises",
"url": null
} |
general-relativity, special-relativity, standard-model
Title: Can special/general relativity be derived from the standard model? Can special/general relativity be derived from the standard model?
For example the time dilatation in strong gravitation? My feeling is yes, but I am not quite sure. Special relativity is us... | {
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"tags": "general-relativity, special-relativity, standard-model",
"url": null
} |
java, programming-challenge, playing-cards, stream, rags-to-riches
Notice how the Straight and the flush bits are 'toggles', and also notice that the Royal Flush is nothing special, just a straight flush starting with an Ace.
Some other notes... no hand with any pairs, triples, or quads, could ever be a straight, or a... | {
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"tags": "java, programming-challenge, playing-cards, stream, rags-to-riches",
"url": n... |
special-relativity, equivalence-principle
Title: Equivalence Principle Problem Let's say there are two massive objects covered in a cloud of gas, and two observers with a mass comparable to the object.
One observer is free-falling to the object, there is no air resistance and it is a perfect free-fall. The other obser... | {
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"tags": "special-relativity, equivalence-principle",
"url": null
} |
ros, ros2, installation
Title: Which version of ROS2 is recommended for Ubuntu 20.04
Which version of ROS2 is recommended for Ubuntu 20.04 to install from debian packages.
Humble is recommended for 22.04 and Galactic has EOL date November 2022.
Is the Foxy best option to install on Ubuntu 20.04 via debian packages?
... | {
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"tags": "ros, ros2, installation",
"url": null
} |
quantum-mechanics, homework-and-exercises, lagrangian-formalism, quantum-optics
\tag{09b}
\end{equation}
while the Lagrangian of the system, see equation (3.1) in the question, using equations (A-02) is expressed as
\begin{equation}
\begin{split}
& L\left(q,\dot{q},\mathbf{Q},\mathbf{\dot{Q}}\right)=\\
&\dfrac{1... | {
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"tags": "quantum-mechanics, homework-and-exercises, lagrangian-formalism, quantum-optics",
... |
natural-language-processing, comparison, symbolic-computing
Title: Is there a relationship between Computer Algebra and NLP? My intuition is that there is some overlap between understanding language and symbolic mathematics (e.g. algebra). The rules of algebra are somewhat like grammar, and the step-by-step arguments ... | {
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"tags": "natural-language-processing, comparison, symbolic-computing",
"url": null
} |
set A is the set of all elements in the universal set NOT contained in A, denoted A. (or 2020/12/9 …s | Union | Intersection | Numbers, integers, permutations, combinations, functions, points, lines, and segments are just a few examples of many mathematical objects. May. Bringing the set operations together. Definition... | {
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"openwebmath_score": 0.7483993172645569,
"tags": null,... |
c++, palindrome
if(s.size()%2==0 && odd == 0 || s.size()%2 != 0 && odd == 1)
flag=1;
else
flag=0;
//I could have directly echoed them to console
//but its just the way here
if(flag==0)
cout<<"NO";
else
cout<<"YES";
return 0;
}
As you can see the following blo... | {
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"tags": "c++, palindrome",
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} |
sets
\sum_{i<j} |B_i \cap B_j| +
\sum_{i<j<k} |B_i \cap B_j \cap B_k| - \cdots$$
If you truncate this after $k$ terms, you get an approximation to the left-hand side, and you can compute this approximation in $O(n^k)$ time. Here you should use the fact that $|X|=2^{|X|}$, so we can efficiently compute
$$|B_i \cap B_j... | {
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"tags": "sets",
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} |
vba, excel, subroutine
I'm really not a fan of having a lastrow variable unless absolutely necessary.
As I have mentioned in answers to other questions of the OP, consider using Enumeration to reference you columns.
Public Enum LogWorksheetColumns
cA = 1
cDateOf
lnOfficerInitials
cLnProcessor
cBo... | {
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"tags": "vba, excel, subroutine",
"url": null
} |
sql, mysql, join
Title: Find offers that can be matched with bids I am working on a sql query for the following scenario:
Get all available offers for registered demand (offers from profiles
should not be from profile which had registered demand). After that
get all available offers from this initial profile which ma... | {
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"tags": "sql, mysql, join",
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} |
optics, everyday-life, reflection, dispersion
How does the thicker thinner argument reconcile with the uniform colours and almost constant widths of each colour at a slanted angle? Also the colours get repeated after some interval which would imply that thickness decreases then increases or that the angle somehow (sti... | {
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"tags": "optics, everyday-life, reflection, dispersion",
"url": null
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c++, rational-numbers
int main()
{
int numOp;
scanf("%d", &numOp);
while(numOp != 0){
long long x1,x2,y1,y2;
char op[2];
scanf("%lld %lld %s %lld %lld", &x1, &y1, op, &x2, &y2);
if( op[0] == '+'){
add(x1, y1, x2,y2);
}
else if(op[0] == '-'){
... | {
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"tags": "c++, rational-numbers",
"url": null
} |
image-processing, computer-vision, algorithms, background-subtraction
In Chris Stauffer paper "Adaptive background mixture models for real-time tracking" Gaussian probability density function is
$$\mathcal{N}(X_t,\mu,\Sigma)=\dfrac{1}{(2\pi)^\frac{n}{2} \left|{\Sigma}\right|^\frac{1}{2}}\exp\left(-\dfrac{1}{2}(X_t-\mu... | {
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"tags": "image-processing, computer-vision, algorithms, background-subtraction",
"url": null
} |
motors, torque, pulleys
Here, the input would be the angular acceleration which can be calculated using this formula,
$\theta = \omega_i + \frac{1}{2}\alpha t^2$
if you know the time and angle to be traveled.
With the angular acceleration known to us, we can easily calculate the torque required using the formula,
$T =... | {
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array, haskell, dynamic-programming
-- for all the rest of the partials[i > 0, j > 0]:
-- to get from x1 ... xi to y1 ... yj, either:
-- * transform x1 ... x(i-1) to y1 ... yj, then delete xi (using partials[i - 1, j] = "left")
-- * transform x1 ... xi to y1 ... y(j-1), then insert yj (using partials[i, j ... | {
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"tags": "array, haskell, dynamic-programming",
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} |
Write $nx+my=\gcd(n,m)$, with $x,y\in\mathbb{Z}$
Then:
$$\frac{\gcd(n,m)}{n}\binom{n}{m}=\frac{nx+my}{n}\binom{n}{m}=x\binom{n}{m}+y\,\frac{m}{n}\binom{n}{m}=x\binom{n}{m}+y\binom{n-1}{m-1}\in\mathbb{Z}$$
• Wow, I am really impressed! Very nice proof. – Peter Feb 25 '15 at 19:03
• I changed \text{gcd} to \gcd. With ... | {
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"openwebmath_score": 0.9662656188011169,
"tags... |
inorganic-chemistry, molecular-orbital-theory, crystallography
Title: If a crystal has multiple oxidation states of the same transition metal element, is there only one possible configuration? Here is the crystal structure of soluble Prussian Blue $\ce{KFe[Fe(CN)6]}$. The Fe(II) and F(III) are spaced alternatively lik... | {
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"tags": "inorganic-chemistry, molecular-orbital-theory, crystallography",
"url": null
} |
electrostatics, charge, coordinate-systems, dirac-delta-distributions
\begin{equation}
\rho(x',y',z') = \lambda \int_0^{L_t} {\rm d} L \hat{\rho}(x',y',z',L)
\end{equation}
After this, one can follow the logic given in the body of the answer. I believe after turning the crank, the net result should be that $\lambda=Q_... | {
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"tags": "electrostatics, charge, coordinate-systems, dirac-delta-distributions",
"url": n... |
quantum-field-theory, lagrangian-formalism, path-integral, fermions, grassmann-numbers
We stress that the soul-part of a supernumber is an indeterminate/variable, i.e. a placeholder, except it cannot be replaced by a number to give it a value.
A value can only be achieved by integrating it out! This is achieved by the... | {
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"tags": "quantum-field-theory, lagrangian-formalism, path-integral, fermions, grassmann-num... |
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