id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringlengths 3 59 | context stringlengths 151 3.71k | question stringlengths 12 217 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
56dfb9227aa994140058e07a | Internet_service_provider | An Internet service provider (ISP) is an organization that provides services for accessing, using, the Internet. Internet service providers may be organized in various forms, such as commercial, community-owned, non-profit, or otherwise privately owned. | what does an isp do? | {
"text": [
"provides services for accessing, using, the Internet"
],
"answer_start": [
59
]
} |
56dfb9227aa994140058e07b | Internet_service_provider | An Internet service provider (ISP) is an organization that provides services for accessing, using, the Internet. Internet service providers may be organized in various forms, such as commercial, community-owned, non-profit, or otherwise privately owned. | What forms can an isp be organized in? | {
"text": [
"commercial, community-owned, non-profit, or otherwise privately owned"
],
"answer_start": [
183
]
} |
56dfb9837aa994140058e083 | Internet_service_provider | Internet services typically provided by ISPs include Internet access, Internet transit, domain name registration, web hosting, Usenet service, and colocation. | What type of organization provides internet access? | {
"text": [
"ISPs"
],
"answer_start": [
40
]
} |
56dfba2a7aa994140058e098 | Internet_service_provider | The Internet was developed as a network between government research laboratories and participating departments of universities. By the late 1980s, a process was set in place towards public, commercial use of the Internet. The remaining restrictions were removed by 1995, 4 years after the introduction of the World Wide ... | when was the internet developed? | {
"text": [
"1980s"
],
"answer_start": [
140
]
} |
56dfba2a7aa994140058e09a | Internet_service_provider | The Internet was developed as a network between government research laboratories and participating departments of universities. By the late 1980s, a process was set in place towards public, commercial use of the Internet. The remaining restrictions were removed by 1995, 4 years after the introduction of the World Wide ... | When were remaining restrictions on the internet removed? | {
"text": [
"1995"
],
"answer_start": [
265
]
} |
56dfba2a7aa994140058e09b | Internet_service_provider | The Internet was developed as a network between government research laboratories and participating departments of universities. By the late 1980s, a process was set in place towards public, commercial use of the Internet. The remaining restrictions were removed by 1995, 4 years after the introduction of the World Wide ... | how long after the introduction of the world wide web was 1995? | {
"text": [
"4 years"
],
"answer_start": [
271
]
} |
56dfba8b7aa994140058e0a1 | Internet_service_provider | In 1989, the first ISPs were established in Australia and the United States. In Brookline, Massachusetts, The World became the first commercial ISP in the US. Its first customer was served in November 1989. | Where were the first isps established? | {
"text": [
"Australia and the United States"
],
"answer_start": [
44
]
} |
56dfba8b7aa994140058e0a2 | Internet_service_provider | In 1989, the first ISPs were established in Australia and the United States. In Brookline, Massachusetts, The World became the first commercial ISP in the US. Its first customer was served in November 1989. | where was the first commercial isp in the us located? | {
"text": [
"Brookline, Massachusetts"
],
"answer_start": [
80
]
} |
56dfba8b7aa994140058e0a3 | Internet_service_provider | In 1989, the first ISPs were established in Australia and the United States. In Brookline, Massachusetts, The World became the first commercial ISP in the US. Its first customer was served in November 1989. | when was the first commercial isp customer served? | {
"text": [
"November 1989"
],
"answer_start": [
192
]
} |
56dfba8b7aa994140058e0a4 | Internet_service_provider | In 1989, the first ISPs were established in Australia and the United States. In Brookline, Massachusetts, The World became the first commercial ISP in the US. Its first customer was served in November 1989. | when were the first commercial isps established? | {
"text": [
"1989"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
56dfba8b7aa994140058e0a5 | Internet_service_provider | In 1989, the first ISPs were established in Australia and the United States. In Brookline, Massachusetts, The World became the first commercial ISP in the US. Its first customer was served in November 1989. | what was the name of the first commercial isp in the us? | {
"text": [
"The World"
],
"answer_start": [
106
]
} |
56dfbb8c231d4119001abd3c | Internet_service_provider | On 23 April 2014, the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) was reported to be considering a new rule that will permit ISPs to offer content providers a faster track to send content, thus reversing their earlier net neutrality position. A possible solution to net neutrality concerns may be municipal broadband, a... | what may possibly be a solution to net neutrality concerns? | {
"text": [
"municipal broadband"
],
"answer_start": [
298
]
} |
56dfbb8c231d4119001abd3d | Internet_service_provider | On 23 April 2014, the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) was reported to be considering a new rule that will permit ISPs to offer content providers a faster track to send content, thus reversing their earlier net neutrality position. A possible solution to net neutrality concerns may be municipal broadband, a... | how did president obama recommend to classify the internet? | {
"text": [
"a telecommunications service"
],
"answer_start": [
788
]
} |
56dfbb8c231d4119001abd3e | Internet_service_provider | On 23 April 2014, the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) was reported to be considering a new rule that will permit ISPs to offer content providers a faster track to send content, thus reversing their earlier net neutrality position. A possible solution to net neutrality concerns may be municipal broadband, a... | what did the fcc choose to apply to the internet? | {
"text": [
"Title II (common carrier)"
],
"answer_start": [
1240
]
} |
56dfbb8c231d4119001abd3f | Internet_service_provider | On 23 April 2014, the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) was reported to be considering a new rule that will permit ISPs to offer content providers a faster track to send content, thus reversing their earlier net neutrality position. A possible solution to net neutrality concerns may be municipal broadband, a... | what would the internet be classified as based on title ii? | {
"text": [
"telecommunications"
],
"answer_start": [
790
]
} |
56dfbc1d7aa994140058e0bd | Internet_service_provider | On 26 February 2015, the FCC ruled in favor of net neutrality by adopting Title II (common carrier) of the Communications Act of 1934 and Section 706 in the Telecommunications act of 1996 to the Internet. The FCC Chairman, Tom Wheeler, commented, "This is no more a plan to regulate the Internet than the First Amendment... | When did the FCC rule on net neturality? | {
"text": [
"February 2015"
],
"answer_start": [
6
]
} |
56dfbc1d7aa994140058e0be | Internet_service_provider | On 26 February 2015, the FCC ruled in favor of net neutrality by adopting Title II (common carrier) of the Communications Act of 1934 and Section 706 in the Telecommunications act of 1996 to the Internet. The FCC Chairman, Tom Wheeler, commented, "This is no more a plan to regulate the Internet than the First Amendment... | How did the FCC rule on net neutrality? | {
"text": [
"in favor"
],
"answer_start": [
35
]
} |
56dfbc1d7aa994140058e0bf | Internet_service_provider | On 26 February 2015, the FCC ruled in favor of net neutrality by adopting Title II (common carrier) of the Communications Act of 1934 and Section 706 in the Telecommunications act of 1996 to the Internet. The FCC Chairman, Tom Wheeler, commented, "This is no more a plan to regulate the Internet than the First Amendment... | what did the FCC adopt for the internet? | {
"text": [
"Title II (common carrier) of the Communications Act of 1934"
],
"answer_start": [
74
]
} |
56dfbc1d7aa994140058e0c0 | Internet_service_provider | On 26 February 2015, the FCC ruled in favor of net neutrality by adopting Title II (common carrier) of the Communications Act of 1934 and Section 706 in the Telecommunications act of 1996 to the Internet. The FCC Chairman, Tom Wheeler, commented, "This is no more a plan to regulate the Internet than the First Amendment... | what amendment did the chairman of the FCC compare this ruling to? | {
"text": [
"the First Amendment"
],
"answer_start": [
301
]
} |
56dfbc1d7aa994140058e0c1 | Internet_service_provider | On 26 February 2015, the FCC ruled in favor of net neutrality by adopting Title II (common carrier) of the Communications Act of 1934 and Section 706 in the Telecommunications act of 1996 to the Internet. The FCC Chairman, Tom Wheeler, commented, "This is no more a plan to regulate the Internet than the First Amendment... | what did the FCC chairman say both the internet and the first amendment stand for? | {
"text": [
"free speech"
],
"answer_start": [
343
]
} |
56dfbcec231d4119001abd54 | Internet_service_provider | On 12 March 2015, the FCC released the specific details of the net neutrality rules. On 13 April 2015, the FCC published the final rule on its new "Net Neutrality" regulations. | When did the FCC publish its final rule on net neutrality regulations? | {
"text": [
"13 April 2015"
],
"answer_start": [
88
]
} |
56dfbd5e231d4119001abd57 | Internet_service_provider | ISPs provide Internet access, employing a range of technologies to connect users to their network. Available technologies have ranged from computer modems with acoustic couplers to telephone lines, to television cable (CATV), wireless Ethernet (wi-fi), and fiber optics. | What do ISPs provide? | {
"text": [
"Internet access"
],
"answer_start": [
14
]
} |
56dfbd5e231d4119001abd58 | Internet_service_provider | ISPs provide Internet access, employing a range of technologies to connect users to their network. Available technologies have ranged from computer modems with acoustic couplers to telephone lines, to television cable (CATV), wireless Ethernet (wi-fi), and fiber optics. | how do isps provide internet access? | {
"text": [
"a range of technologies to connect users to their network"
],
"answer_start": [
41
]
} |
56dfbd5e231d4119001abd59 | Internet_service_provider | ISPs provide Internet access, employing a range of technologies to connect users to their network. Available technologies have ranged from computer modems with acoustic couplers to telephone lines, to television cable (CATV), wireless Ethernet (wi-fi), and fiber optics. | what is one type of technology used to connect to the internet? | {
"text": [
"television cable (CATV)"
],
"answer_start": [
202
]
} |
56dfbd5e231d4119001abd5a | Internet_service_provider | ISPs provide Internet access, employing a range of technologies to connect users to their network. Available technologies have ranged from computer modems with acoustic couplers to telephone lines, to television cable (CATV), wireless Ethernet (wi-fi), and fiber optics. | what type of technology is used to connect to the internet wirelessly? | {
"text": [
"wireless Ethernet (wi-fi)"
],
"answer_start": [
227
]
} |
56dfbd5e231d4119001abd5b | Internet_service_provider | ISPs provide Internet access, employing a range of technologies to connect users to their network. Available technologies have ranged from computer modems with acoustic couplers to telephone lines, to television cable (CATV), wireless Ethernet (wi-fi), and fiber optics. | what was an earlier technology used to connect to the internet? | {
"text": [
"telephone lines"
],
"answer_start": [
182
]
} |
56dfbdc9231d4119001abd62 | Internet_service_provider | For users and small businesses, traditional options include copper wires to provide dial-up, DSL, typically asymmetric digital subscriber line (ADSL), cable modem or Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) (typically basic rate interface). Using fiber-optics to end users is called Fiber To The Home or similar names. | what is it called when fiber-optics are used for end users? | {
"text": [
"Fiber To The Home"
],
"answer_start": [
285
]
} |
56dfbdc9231d4119001abd63 | Internet_service_provider | For users and small businesses, traditional options include copper wires to provide dial-up, DSL, typically asymmetric digital subscriber line (ADSL), cable modem or Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) (typically basic rate interface). Using fiber-optics to end users is called Fiber To The Home or similar names. | who is served by dial-up, dsl, adsl, cable modems, or isdns? | {
"text": [
"users and small businesses"
],
"answer_start": [
4
]
} |
56dfbe7c231d4119001abd70 | Internet_service_provider | For customers with more demanding requirements (such as medium-to-large businesses, or other ISPs) can use higher-speed DSL (such as single-pair high-speed digital subscriber line), Ethernet, metropolitan Ethernet, gigabit Ethernet, Frame Relay, ISDN Primary Rate Interface, ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) and synchron... | What type of customers would typically have more demanding requirements? | {
"text": [
"medium-to-large businesses, or other ISPs"
],
"answer_start": [
56
]
} |
56dfbe7c231d4119001abd71 | Internet_service_provider | For customers with more demanding requirements (such as medium-to-large businesses, or other ISPs) can use higher-speed DSL (such as single-pair high-speed digital subscriber line), Ethernet, metropolitan Ethernet, gigabit Ethernet, Frame Relay, ISDN Primary Rate Interface, ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) and synchron... | what does atm stand for in relation to internet providers? | {
"text": [
"Asynchronous Transfer Mode"
],
"answer_start": [
280
]
} |
56dfbe7c231d4119001abd72 | Internet_service_provider | For customers with more demanding requirements (such as medium-to-large businesses, or other ISPs) can use higher-speed DSL (such as single-pair high-speed digital subscriber line), Ethernet, metropolitan Ethernet, gigabit Ethernet, Frame Relay, ISDN Primary Rate Interface, ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) and synchron... | what is high-speed dsl used for? | {
"text": [
"customers with more demanding requirements"
],
"answer_start": [
4
]
} |
56dfbe7c231d4119001abd73 | Internet_service_provider | For customers with more demanding requirements (such as medium-to-large businesses, or other ISPs) can use higher-speed DSL (such as single-pair high-speed digital subscriber line), Ethernet, metropolitan Ethernet, gigabit Ethernet, Frame Relay, ISDN Primary Rate Interface, ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) and synchron... | what is SONET? | {
"text": [
"synchronous optical networking"
],
"answer_start": [
312
]
} |
56dfbedb7aa994140058e0ea | Internet_service_provider | A mailbox provider is an organization that provides services for hosting electronic mail domains with access to storage for mail boxes. It provides email servers to send, receive, accept, and store email for end users or other organizations. | What is an organization that provides hosting of electronic mail domains? | {
"text": [
"A mailbox provider"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
56dfbedb7aa994140058e0ed | Internet_service_provider | A mailbox provider is an organization that provides services for hosting electronic mail domains with access to storage for mail boxes. It provides email servers to send, receive, accept, and store email for end users or other organizations. | how does a user store electronic mail? | {
"text": [
"A mailbox provider"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
56dfbf91231d4119001abd83 | Internet_service_provider | Many mailbox providers are also access providers, while others are not (e.g., Yahoo! Mail, Outlook.com, Gmail, AOL Mail, Po box). The definition given in RFC 6650 covers email hosting services, as well as the relevant department of companies, universities, organizations, groups, and individuals that manage their mail s... | What is SMTP? | {
"text": [
"Simple Mail Transfer Protocol"
],
"answer_start": [
390
]
} |
56dfbf91231d4119001abd84 | Internet_service_provider | Many mailbox providers are also access providers, while others are not (e.g., Yahoo! Mail, Outlook.com, Gmail, AOL Mail, Po box). The definition given in RFC 6650 covers email hosting services, as well as the relevant department of companies, universities, organizations, groups, and individuals that manage their mail s... | What is IMAP? | {
"text": [
"Internet Message Access Protocol"
],
"answer_start": [
477
]
} |
56dfbf91231d4119001abd86 | Internet_service_provider | Many mailbox providers are also access providers, while others are not (e.g., Yahoo! Mail, Outlook.com, Gmail, AOL Mail, Po box). The definition given in RFC 6650 covers email hosting services, as well as the relevant department of companies, universities, organizations, groups, and individuals that manage their mail s... | what are most mailbox providers as well? | {
"text": [
"access providers"
],
"answer_start": [
32
]
} |
56dfbf91231d4119001abd87 | Internet_service_provider | Many mailbox providers are also access providers, while others are not (e.g., Yahoo! Mail, Outlook.com, Gmail, AOL Mail, Po box). The definition given in RFC 6650 covers email hosting services, as well as the relevant department of companies, universities, organizations, groups, and individuals that manage their mail s... | who possibly controls their own mail servers? | {
"text": [
"companies, universities, organizations, groups, and individuals"
],
"answer_start": [
232
]
} |
56dfc016231d4119001abd8d | Internet_service_provider | Internet hosting services provide email, web-hosting, or online storage services. Other services include virtual server, cloud services, or physical server operation. | What do internet hosting services provide? | {
"text": [
"email, web-hosting, or online storage services"
],
"answer_start": [
34
]
} |
56dfc016231d4119001abd8e | Internet_service_provider | Internet hosting services provide email, web-hosting, or online storage services. Other services include virtual server, cloud services, or physical server operation. | Who provides a virtual server service? | {
"text": [
"Internet hosting services"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
56dfc016231d4119001abd8f | Internet_service_provider | Internet hosting services provide email, web-hosting, or online storage services. Other services include virtual server, cloud services, or physical server operation. | who provides cloud services? | {
"text": [
"Internet hosting services"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
56dfc0ae231d4119001abd95 | Internet_service_provider | Just as their customers pay them for Internet access, ISPs themselves pay upstream ISPs for Internet access. An upstream ISP usually has a larger network than the contracting ISP or is able to provide the contracting ISP with access to parts of the Internet the contracting ISP by itself has no access to. | Who does an ISP pay for internet access? | {
"text": [
"upstream ISPs"
],
"answer_start": [
74
]
} |
56dfc0ae231d4119001abd99 | Internet_service_provider | Just as their customers pay them for Internet access, ISPs themselves pay upstream ISPs for Internet access. An upstream ISP usually has a larger network than the contracting ISP or is able to provide the contracting ISP with access to parts of the Internet the contracting ISP by itself has no access to. | what usually has a larger network, the ISP of the customer or the upstream ISP? | {
"text": [
"upstream ISPs"
],
"answer_start": [
74
]
} |
56dfc22f7aa994140058e141 | Internet_service_provider | In the simplest case, a single connection is established to an upstream ISP and is used to transmit data to or from areas of the Internet beyond the home network; this mode of interconnection is often cascaded multiple times until reaching a tier 1 carrier. In reality, the situation is often more complex. ISPs with mor... | A mode of interconnection is often cascaded multiple times until reaching what? | {
"text": [
"a tier 1 carrier"
],
"answer_start": [
240
]
} |
56dfc22f7aa994140058e142 | Internet_service_provider | In the simplest case, a single connection is established to an upstream ISP and is used to transmit data to or from areas of the Internet beyond the home network; this mode of interconnection is often cascaded multiple times until reaching a tier 1 carrier. In reality, the situation is often more complex. ISPs with mor... | What is a PoP? | {
"text": [
"point of presence"
],
"answer_start": [
331
]
} |
56dfc22f7aa994140058e143 | Internet_service_provider | In the simplest case, a single connection is established to an upstream ISP and is used to transmit data to or from areas of the Internet beyond the home network; this mode of interconnection is often cascaded multiple times until reaching a tier 1 carrier. In reality, the situation is often more complex. ISPs with mor... | What provides bandwidth for the connecting of hosting ISPs and access ISPs? | {
"text": [
"Transit ISPs"
],
"answer_start": [
552
]
} |
56dfc2de231d4119001abdaf | Internet_service_provider | A virtual ISP (VISP) is an operation that purchases services from another ISP, sometimes called a wholesale ISP in this context, which allow the VISP's customers to access the Internet using services and infrastructure owned and operated by the wholesale ISP. VISPs resemble mobile virtual network operators and competit... | What is a VISP? | {
"text": [
"virtual ISP"
],
"answer_start": [
2
]
} |
56dfc2de231d4119001abdb1 | Internet_service_provider | A virtual ISP (VISP) is an operation that purchases services from another ISP, sometimes called a wholesale ISP in this context, which allow the VISP's customers to access the Internet using services and infrastructure owned and operated by the wholesale ISP. VISPs resemble mobile virtual network operators and competit... | What do VISPs resemble? | {
"text": [
"mobile virtual network operators"
],
"answer_start": [
275
]
} |
56dfc2de231d4119001abdb2 | Internet_service_provider | A virtual ISP (VISP) is an operation that purchases services from another ISP, sometimes called a wholesale ISP in this context, which allow the VISP's customers to access the Internet using services and infrastructure owned and operated by the wholesale ISP. VISPs resemble mobile virtual network operators and competit... | What do visps purchase services from? | {
"text": [
"a wholesale ISP"
],
"answer_start": [
96
]
} |
56dfc3487aa994140058e167 | Internet_service_provider | Free ISPs are Internet service providers that provide service free of charge. Many free ISPs display advertisements while the user is connected; like commercial television, in a sense they are selling the user's attention to the advertiser. Other free ISPs, sometimes called freenets, are run on a nonprofit basis, usual... | What are free ISPs? | {
"text": [
"Internet service providers that provide service free of charge"
],
"answer_start": [
14
]
} |
56dfc3487aa994140058e168 | Internet_service_provider | Free ISPs are Internet service providers that provide service free of charge. Many free ISPs display advertisements while the user is connected; like commercial television, in a sense they are selling the user's attention to the advertiser. Other free ISPs, sometimes called freenets, are run on a nonprofit basis, usual... | What do free ISPs display in exchange for service? | {
"text": [
"advertisements"
],
"answer_start": [
101
]
} |
56dfc3487aa994140058e169 | Internet_service_provider | Free ISPs are Internet service providers that provide service free of charge. Many free ISPs display advertisements while the user is connected; like commercial television, in a sense they are selling the user's attention to the advertiser. Other free ISPs, sometimes called freenets, are run on a nonprofit basis, usual... | What are free ISPs similar to? | {
"text": [
"commercial television"
],
"answer_start": [
150
]
} |
56dfc3487aa994140058e16b | Internet_service_provider | Free ISPs are Internet service providers that provide service free of charge. Many free ISPs display advertisements while the user is connected; like commercial television, in a sense they are selling the user's attention to the advertiser. Other free ISPs, sometimes called freenets, are run on a nonprofit basis, usual... | How are freenets run? | {
"text": [
"on a nonprofit basis"
],
"answer_start": [
293
]
} |
56dfc3c77aa994140058e171 | Internet_service_provider | A wireless Internet service provider (WISP) is an Internet service provider with a network based on wireless networking. Technology may include commonplace Wi-Fi wireless mesh networking, or proprietary equipment designed to operate over open 900 MHz, 2.4 GHz, 4.9, 5.2, 5.4, 5.7, and 5.8 GHz bands or licensed frequenci... | What is a WISP? | {
"text": [
"wireless Internet service provider"
],
"answer_start": [
2
]
} |
56dfc3c77aa994140058e172 | Internet_service_provider | A wireless Internet service provider (WISP) is an Internet service provider with a network based on wireless networking. Technology may include commonplace Wi-Fi wireless mesh networking, or proprietary equipment designed to operate over open 900 MHz, 2.4 GHz, 4.9, 5.2, 5.4, 5.7, and 5.8 GHz bands or licensed frequenci... | What technology is part of a WISP? | {
"text": [
"commonplace Wi-Fi wireless mesh networking, or proprietary equipment"
],
"answer_start": [
144
]
} |
56dfc3c77aa994140058e174 | Internet_service_provider | A wireless Internet service provider (WISP) is an Internet service provider with a network based on wireless networking. Technology may include commonplace Wi-Fi wireless mesh networking, or proprietary equipment designed to operate over open 900 MHz, 2.4 GHz, 4.9, 5.2, 5.4, 5.7, and 5.8 GHz bands or licensed frequenci... | What is a wireless internet service provider's network based on? | {
"text": [
"wireless networking"
],
"answer_start": [
100
]
} |
56dfc460231d4119001abdc3 | Internet_service_provider | ISPs may engage in peering, where multiple ISPs interconnect at peering points or Internet exchange points (IXs), allowing routing of data between each network, without charging one another for the data transmitted—data that would otherwise have passed through a third upstream ISP, incurring charges from the upstream I... | What is peering? | {
"text": [
"multiple ISPs interconnect at peering points or Internet exchange points"
],
"answer_start": [
34
]
} |
56dfc460231d4119001abdc6 | Internet_service_provider | ISPs may engage in peering, where multiple ISPs interconnect at peering points or Internet exchange points (IXs), allowing routing of data between each network, without charging one another for the data transmitted—data that would otherwise have passed through a third upstream ISP, incurring charges from the upstream I... | What are IXs? | {
"text": [
"Internet exchange points"
],
"answer_start": [
82
]
} |
56dfc460231d4119001abdc7 | Internet_service_provider | ISPs may engage in peering, where multiple ISPs interconnect at peering points or Internet exchange points (IXs), allowing routing of data between each network, without charging one another for the data transmitted—data that would otherwise have passed through a third upstream ISP, incurring charges from the upstream I... | Where do multiple ISPs connect? | {
"text": [
"peering points or Internet exchange points"
],
"answer_start": [
64
]
} |
56dfc4e0231d4119001abdd8 | Internet_service_provider | Network hardware, software and specifications, as well as the expertise of network management personnel are important in ensuring that data follows the most efficient route, and upstream connections work reliably. A tradeoff between cost and efficiency is possible.[citation needed] | Is a tradeoff between efficiency and cost possible? | {
"text": [
"A tradeoff between cost and efficiency is possible"
],
"answer_start": [
214
]
} |
56dfc4e0231d4119001abdd9 | Internet_service_provider | Network hardware, software and specifications, as well as the expertise of network management personnel are important in ensuring that data follows the most efficient route, and upstream connections work reliably. A tradeoff between cost and efficiency is possible.[citation needed] | What sort of route does data follow? | {
"text": [
"the most efficient route"
],
"answer_start": [
148
]
} |
56dfc592231d4119001abddd | Internet_service_provider | Internet service providers in many countries are legally required (e.g., via Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act (CALEA) in the U.S.) to allow law enforcement agencies to monitor some or all of the information transmitted by the ISP. Furthermore, in some countries ISPs are subject to monitoring by intelli... | What are ISPs subject to monitoring by in some countries? | {
"text": [
"intelligence agencies"
],
"answer_start": [
313
]
} |
56dfc592231d4119001abdde | Internet_service_provider | Internet service providers in many countries are legally required (e.g., via Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act (CALEA) in the U.S.) to allow law enforcement agencies to monitor some or all of the information transmitted by the ISP. Furthermore, in some countries ISPs are subject to monitoring by intelli... | What is the controversial N.S.A. program used in the U.S.? | {
"text": [
"PRISM"
],
"answer_start": [
407
]
} |
56dfc592231d4119001abddf | Internet_service_provider | Internet service providers in many countries are legally required (e.g., via Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act (CALEA) in the U.S.) to allow law enforcement agencies to monitor some or all of the information transmitted by the ISP. Furthermore, in some countries ISPs are subject to monitoring by intelli... | What does PRISM do? | {
"text": [
"provides for broad monitoring of Internet users traffic"
],
"answer_start": [
413
]
} |
56dfc592231d4119001abde0 | Internet_service_provider | Internet service providers in many countries are legally required (e.g., via Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act (CALEA) in the U.S.) to allow law enforcement agencies to monitor some or all of the information transmitted by the ISP. Furthermore, in some countries ISPs are subject to monitoring by intelli... | What do ISPs integrate into their network to provide information to intelligence agencies? | {
"text": [
"a wide array of surveillance and packet sniffing equipment"
],
"answer_start": [
627
]
} |
56dfc592231d4119001abde1 | Internet_service_provider | Internet service providers in many countries are legally required (e.g., via Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act (CALEA) in the U.S.) to allow law enforcement agencies to monitor some or all of the information transmitted by the ISP. Furthermore, in some countries ISPs are subject to monitoring by intelli... | What do DCSnet in the US and SORM in Russia do? | {
"text": [
"allowing monitoring of Internet traffic in real time"
],
"answer_start": [
831
]
} |
56e01244231d4119001abf16 | Comics | Comics are a medium used to express ideas by images, often combined with text or other visual information. Comics frequently takes the form of juxtaposed sequences of panels of images. Often textual devices such as speech balloons, captions, and onomatopoeia indicate dialogue, narration, sound effects, or other informa... | Which form of comics entails the use of photographic images? | {
"text": [
"fumetti"
],
"answer_start": [
484
]
} |
56e01244231d4119001abf17 | Comics | Comics are a medium used to express ideas by images, often combined with text or other visual information. Comics frequently takes the form of juxtaposed sequences of panels of images. Often textual devices such as speech balloons, captions, and onomatopoeia indicate dialogue, narration, sound effects, or other informa... | In addition to onomatopoeia and captions, what can be used to show the dialogue in comics? | {
"text": [
"speech balloons"
],
"answer_start": [
215
]
} |
56e01244231d4119001abf18 | Comics | Comics are a medium used to express ideas by images, often combined with text or other visual information. Comics frequently takes the form of juxtaposed sequences of panels of images. Often textual devices such as speech balloons, captions, and onomatopoeia indicate dialogue, narration, sound effects, or other informa... | What type of comic has taken off in the 21st century? | {
"text": [
"online webcomics"
],
"answer_start": [
756
]
} |
56e01244231d4119001abf19 | Comics | Comics are a medium used to express ideas by images, often combined with text or other visual information. Comics frequently takes the form of juxtaposed sequences of panels of images. Often textual devices such as speech balloons, captions, and onomatopoeia indicate dialogue, narration, sound effects, or other informa... | The various sizes as well as how panels are arranged help with what aspect of comics? | {
"text": [
"narrative pacing"
],
"answer_start": [
371
]
} |
56e01379231d4119001abf20 | Comics | The history of comics has followed different paths in different cultures. Scholars have posited a pre-history as far back as the Lascaux cave paintings. By the mid-20th century, comics flourished particularly in the United States, western Europe (especially in France and Belgium), and Japan. The history of European com... | When did Rodolphe Töpffer create cartoons? | {
"text": [
"1830s"
],
"answer_start": [
384
]
} |
56e01379231d4119001abf22 | Comics | The history of comics has followed different paths in different cultures. Scholars have posited a pre-history as far back as the Lascaux cave paintings. By the mid-20th century, comics flourished particularly in the United States, western Europe (especially in France and Belgium), and Japan. The history of European com... | Which superhero appeared in comics in 1938? | {
"text": [
"Superman"
],
"answer_start": [
711
]
} |
56e01379231d4119001abf23 | Comics | The history of comics has followed different paths in different cultures. Scholars have posited a pre-history as far back as the Lascaux cave paintings. By the mid-20th century, comics flourished particularly in the United States, western Europe (especially in France and Belgium), and Japan. The history of European com... | What is Japanese cartooning known as? | {
"text": [
"manga"
],
"answer_start": [
783
]
} |
56e014a37aa994140058e2c3 | Comics | The English term comics is used as a singular noun when it refers to the medium and a plural when referring to particular instances, such as individual strips or comic books. Though the term derives from the humorous (or comic) work that predominated in early American newspaper comic strips, it has become standard also... | French comics are also known as what? | {
"text": [
"bandes dessinées"
],
"answer_start": [
499
]
} |
56e014a37aa994140058e2c4 | Comics | The English term comics is used as a singular noun when it refers to the medium and a plural when referring to particular instances, such as individual strips or comic books. Though the term derives from the humorous (or comic) work that predominated in early American newspaper comic strips, it has become standard also... | When is the term comics considered singular rather than plural? | {
"text": [
"when it refers to the medium"
],
"answer_start": [
51
]
} |
56e014a37aa994140058e2c5 | Comics | The English term comics is used as a singular noun when it refers to the medium and a plural when referring to particular instances, such as individual strips or comic books. Though the term derives from the humorous (or comic) work that predominated in early American newspaper comic strips, it has become standard also... | The historical aspect of cartooning can be applied to mass reproduction or what? | {
"text": [
"recurring characters"
],
"answer_start": [
792
]
} |
56e014a37aa994140058e2c6 | Comics | The English term comics is used as a singular noun when it refers to the medium and a plural when referring to particular instances, such as individual strips or comic books. Though the term derives from the humorous (or comic) work that predominated in early American newspaper comic strips, it has become standard also... | Some experts believe comics is a combination of what two things? | {
"text": [
"images and text"
],
"answer_start": [
660
]
} |
56e014a37aa994140058e2c7 | Comics | The English term comics is used as a singular noun when it refers to the medium and a plural when referring to particular instances, such as individual strips or comic books. Though the term derives from the humorous (or comic) work that predominated in early American newspaper comic strips, it has become standard also... | What are Japanese comics called? | {
"text": [
"manga"
],
"answer_start": [
469
]
} |
56e01a8f7aa994140058e2cd | Comics | The European, American, and Japanese comics traditions have followed different paths. Europeans have seen their tradition as beginning with the Swiss Rodolphe Töpffer from as early as 1827 and Americans have seen the origin of theirs in Richard F. Outcault's 1890s newspaper strip The Yellow Kid, though many Americans h... | Who is best known for being the first comics creator in Europe? | {
"text": [
"Rodolphe Töpffer"
],
"answer_start": [
150
]
} |
56e01a8f7aa994140058e2ce | Comics | The European, American, and Japanese comics traditions have followed different paths. Europeans have seen their tradition as beginning with the Swiss Rodolphe Töpffer from as early as 1827 and Americans have seen the origin of theirs in Richard F. Outcault's 1890s newspaper strip The Yellow Kid, though many Americans h... | Who is considered to be the first comic creator in America? | {
"text": [
"Richard F. Outcault"
],
"answer_start": [
237
]
} |
56e01a8f7aa994140058e2cf | Comics | The European, American, and Japanese comics traditions have followed different paths. Europeans have seen their tradition as beginning with the Swiss Rodolphe Töpffer from as early as 1827 and Americans have seen the origin of theirs in Richard F. Outcault's 1890s newspaper strip The Yellow Kid, though many Americans h... | When did Outcault's The Yellow Kid appear in newspapers? | {
"text": [
"1890s"
],
"answer_start": [
259
]
} |
56e01a8f7aa994140058e2d0 | Comics | The European, American, and Japanese comics traditions have followed different paths. Europeans have seen their tradition as beginning with the Swiss Rodolphe Töpffer from as early as 1827 and Americans have seen the origin of theirs in Richard F. Outcault's 1890s newspaper strip The Yellow Kid, though many Americans h... | What style of comics did Japan have a long history with prior to World War II? | {
"text": [
"satirical"
],
"answer_start": [
395
]
} |
56e01bf5231d4119001abf29 | Comics | Outside of these genealogies, comics theorists and historians have seen precedents for comics in the Lascaux cave paintings in France (some of which appear to be chronological sequences of images), Egyptian hieroglyphs, Trajan's Column in Rome, the 11th-century Norman Bayeux Tapestry, the 1370 bois Protat woodcut, the ... | In France, what did historians find that they consider a precedent for comics? | {
"text": [
"Lascaux cave paintings"
],
"answer_start": [
101
]
} |
56e01bf5231d4119001abf2a | Comics | Outside of these genealogies, comics theorists and historians have seen precedents for comics in the Lascaux cave paintings in France (some of which appear to be chronological sequences of images), Egyptian hieroglyphs, Trajan's Column in Rome, the 11th-century Norman Bayeux Tapestry, the 1370 bois Protat woodcut, the ... | What Michelangelo work do historians consider to be a precedent for comics? | {
"text": [
"The Last Judgment in the Sistine Chapel"
],
"answer_start": [
378
]
} |
56e01bf5231d4119001abf2b | Comics | Outside of these genealogies, comics theorists and historians have seen precedents for comics in the Lascaux cave paintings in France (some of which appear to be chronological sequences of images), Egyptian hieroglyphs, Trajan's Column in Rome, the 11th-century Norman Bayeux Tapestry, the 1370 bois Protat woodcut, the ... | In Egypt, historians consider what to be a precedent for comics? | {
"text": [
"hieroglyphs"
],
"answer_start": [
207
]
} |
56e01bf5231d4119001abf2c | Comics | Outside of these genealogies, comics theorists and historians have seen precedents for comics in the Lascaux cave paintings in France (some of which appear to be chronological sequences of images), Egyptian hieroglyphs, Trajan's Column in Rome, the 11th-century Norman Bayeux Tapestry, the 1370 bois Protat woodcut, the ... | In Rome, what do historians consider to be a precedent for comics? | {
"text": [
"Trajan's Column"
],
"answer_start": [
220
]
} |
56e01d2f231d4119001abf33 | Comics | Illustrated humour periodicals were popular in 19th-century Britain, the earliest of which was the short-lived The Glasgow Looking Glass in 1825. The most popular was Punch, which popularized the term cartoon for its humorous caricatures. On occasion the cartoons in these magazines appeared in sequences; the character ... | What was the first illustrated humor periodical in Britain during the 19th century? | {
"text": [
"The Glasgow Looking Glass"
],
"answer_start": [
111
]
} |
56e01d2f231d4119001abf34 | Comics | Illustrated humour periodicals were popular in 19th-century Britain, the earliest of which was the short-lived The Glasgow Looking Glass in 1825. The most popular was Punch, which popularized the term cartoon for its humorous caricatures. On occasion the cartoons in these magazines appeared in sequences; the character ... | When did The Glasgow Looking Glass begin? | {
"text": [
"1825"
],
"answer_start": [
140
]
} |
56e01d2f231d4119001abf35 | Comics | Illustrated humour periodicals were popular in 19th-century Britain, the earliest of which was the short-lived The Glasgow Looking Glass in 1825. The most popular was Punch, which popularized the term cartoon for its humorous caricatures. On occasion the cartoons in these magazines appeared in sequences; the character ... | In Britain, what was the most liked illustrated humor periodical? | {
"text": [
"Punch"
],
"answer_start": [
167
]
} |
56e01d2f231d4119001abf36 | Comics | Illustrated humour periodicals were popular in 19th-century Britain, the earliest of which was the short-lived The Glasgow Looking Glass in 1825. The most popular was Punch, which popularized the term cartoon for its humorous caricatures. On occasion the cartoons in these magazines appeared in sequences; the character ... | Which comic character was the first to appear in a weekly magazine? | {
"text": [
"Ally Sloper"
],
"answer_start": [
320
]
} |
56e01d2f231d4119001abf37 | Comics | Illustrated humour periodicals were popular in 19th-century Britain, the earliest of which was the short-lived The Glasgow Looking Glass in 1825. The most popular was Punch, which popularized the term cartoon for its humorous caricatures. On occasion the cartoons in these magazines appeared in sequences; the character ... | When did Ally Sloper first appear? | {
"text": [
"1884"
],
"answer_start": [
446
]
} |
56e02060231d4119001abf3e | Comics | American comics developed out of such magazines as Puck, Judge, and Life. The success of illustrated humour supplements in the New York World and later the New York American, particularly Outcault's The Yellow Kid, led to the development of newspaper comic strips. Early Sunday strips were full-page and often in colour.... | Which outlet did comic supplements find success in? | {
"text": [
"New York World"
],
"answer_start": [
127
]
} |
56e02060231d4119001abf3f | Comics | American comics developed out of such magazines as Puck, Judge, and Life. The success of illustrated humour supplements in the New York World and later the New York American, particularly Outcault's The Yellow Kid, led to the development of newspaper comic strips. Early Sunday strips were full-page and often in colour.... | Which strip had a good deal of success as a comic strip? | {
"text": [
"Outcault's The Yellow Kid"
],
"answer_start": [
188
]
} |
56e020e2231d4119001abf47 | Comics | Shorter, black-and-white daily strips began to appear early in the 20th century, and became established in newspapers after the success in 1907 of Bud Fisher's Mutt and Jeff. Humour strips predominated at first, and in the 1920s and 1930s strips with continuing stories in genres such as adventure and drama also became ... | What comic strip did Bud Fisher have success with? | {
"text": [
"Mutt and Jeff"
],
"answer_start": [
160
]
} |
56e020e2231d4119001abf49 | Comics | Shorter, black-and-white daily strips began to appear early in the 20th century, and became established in newspapers after the success in 1907 of Bud Fisher's Mutt and Jeff. Humour strips predominated at first, and in the 1920s and 1930s strips with continuing stories in genres such as adventure and drama also became ... | When did Mutt and Jeff appear? | {
"text": [
"1907"
],
"answer_start": [
139
]
} |
56e020e2231d4119001abf4a | Comics | Shorter, black-and-white daily strips began to appear early in the 20th century, and became established in newspapers after the success in 1907 of Bud Fisher's Mutt and Jeff. Humour strips predominated at first, and in the 1920s and 1930s strips with continuing stories in genres such as adventure and drama also became ... | When did comic books make an appearance? | {
"text": [
"1930s"
],
"answer_start": [
233
]
} |
56e020e2231d4119001abf4b | Comics | Shorter, black-and-white daily strips began to appear early in the 20th century, and became established in newspapers after the success in 1907 of Bud Fisher's Mutt and Jeff. Humour strips predominated at first, and in the 1920s and 1930s strips with continuing stories in genres such as adventure and drama also became ... | Which comic book had success with its first superhero in 1938? | {
"text": [
"Action Comics"
],
"answer_start": [
517
]
} |
56e02191231d4119001abf52 | Comics | The popularity of superhero comic books declined following World War II, while comic book sales continued to increase as other genres proliferated, such as romance, westerns, crime, horror, and humour. Following a sales peak in the early 1950s, the content of comic books (particularly crime and horror) was subjected to... | Which genre of comic books had parents concerned? | {
"text": [
"crime and horror"
],
"answer_start": [
286
]
} |
56e02191231d4119001abf53 | Comics | The popularity of superhero comic books declined following World War II, while comic book sales continued to increase as other genres proliferated, such as romance, westerns, crime, horror, and humour. Following a sales peak in the early 1950s, the content of comic books (particularly crime and horror) was subjected to... | Which group was created after a Senate hearing on comic books content? | {
"text": [
"Comics Code Authority"
],
"answer_start": [
447
]
} |
56e02191231d4119001abf54 | Comics | The popularity of superhero comic books declined following World War II, while comic book sales continued to increase as other genres proliferated, such as romance, westerns, crime, horror, and humour. Following a sales peak in the early 1950s, the content of comic books (particularly crime and horror) was subjected to... | When did super heroes become popular again in comic books? | {
"text": [
"1960s"
],
"answer_start": [
741
]
} |
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