id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringlengths 3 59 | context stringlengths 151 3.71k | question stringlengths 12 217 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
56e10feecd28a01900c67513 | BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System | Frequencies for COMPASS are allocated in four bands: E1, E2, E5B, and E6 and overlap with Galileo. The fact of overlapping could be convenient from the point of view of the receiver design, but on the other hand raises the issues of inter-system interference, especially within E1 and E2 bands, which are allocated for G... | How many frequencies does the COMPASS system use? | {
"text": [
"four bands"
],
"answer_start": [
41
]
} |
56e10feecd28a01900c67514 | BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System | Frequencies for COMPASS are allocated in four bands: E1, E2, E5B, and E6 and overlap with Galileo. The fact of overlapping could be convenient from the point of view of the receiver design, but on the other hand raises the issues of inter-system interference, especially within E1 and E2 bands, which are allocated for G... | What are the four bands of frequencies used by the COMPASS system called? | {
"text": [
"E1, E2, E5B, and E6"
],
"answer_start": [
53
]
} |
56e10feecd28a01900c67515 | BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System | Frequencies for COMPASS are allocated in four bands: E1, E2, E5B, and E6 and overlap with Galileo. The fact of overlapping could be convenient from the point of view of the receiver design, but on the other hand raises the issues of inter-system interference, especially within E1 and E2 bands, which are allocated for G... | Which frequency bands are most likely to cause issues of inter-system interference with the Galileo system? | {
"text": [
"E1 and E2"
],
"answer_start": [
278
]
} |
56e10feecd28a01900c67516 | BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System | Frequencies for COMPASS are allocated in four bands: E1, E2, E5B, and E6 and overlap with Galileo. The fact of overlapping could be convenient from the point of view of the receiver design, but on the other hand raises the issues of inter-system interference, especially within E1 and E2 bands, which are allocated for G... | Which bands are used by the Galileo system for their public service? | {
"text": [
"E1 and E2"
],
"answer_start": [
278
]
} |
56e10feecd28a01900c67517 | BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System | Frequencies for COMPASS are allocated in four bands: E1, E2, E5B, and E6 and overlap with Galileo. The fact of overlapping could be convenient from the point of view of the receiver design, but on the other hand raises the issues of inter-system interference, especially within E1 and E2 bands, which are allocated for G... | According to International Telecommunication Union (ITU) policies, who is given higher priority to a specific frequency band? | {
"text": [
"the first nation to start broadcasting in a specific frequency"
],
"answer_start": [
426
]
} |
56e113edcd28a01900c67569 | BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System | Although little was officially announced by Chinese authorities about the signals of the new system, the launch of the first COMPASS satellite permitted independent researchers not only to study general characteristics of the signals, but even to build a COMPASS receiver. | How much information about the COMPASS system did Chinese authorities release? | {
"text": [
"little was officially announced"
],
"answer_start": [
9
]
} |
56e113edcd28a01900c6756a | BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System | Although little was officially announced by Chinese authorities about the signals of the new system, the launch of the first COMPASS satellite permitted independent researchers not only to study general characteristics of the signals, but even to build a COMPASS receiver. | What is one thing launching the first COMPASS satellite enable researchers to do? | {
"text": [
"to study general characteristics of the signals"
],
"answer_start": [
186
]
} |
56e113edcd28a01900c6756b | BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System | Although little was officially announced by Chinese authorities about the signals of the new system, the launch of the first COMPASS satellite permitted independent researchers not only to study general characteristics of the signals, but even to build a COMPASS receiver. | What is another thing launching the first COMPASS satellite enable researchers to do? | {
"text": [
"to build a COMPASS receiver"
],
"answer_start": [
244
]
} |
56e1161ccd28a01900c67579 | BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System | Compass-M1 is an experimental satellite launched for signal testing and validation and for the frequency filing on 14 April 2007. The role of Compass-M1 for Compass is similar to the role of the GIOVE satellites for the Galileo system. The orbit of Compass-M1 is nearly circular, has an altitude of 21,150 km and an incl... | When was the Compass-M1 satellite launched? | {
"text": [
"14 April 2007"
],
"answer_start": [
115
]
} |
56e1161ccd28a01900c6757a | BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System | Compass-M1 is an experimental satellite launched for signal testing and validation and for the frequency filing on 14 April 2007. The role of Compass-M1 for Compass is similar to the role of the GIOVE satellites for the Galileo system. The orbit of Compass-M1 is nearly circular, has an altitude of 21,150 km and an incl... | What is the purpose of the Compass-M1 satellite? | {
"text": [
"for signal testing and validation and for the frequency filing"
],
"answer_start": [
49
]
} |
56e1161ccd28a01900c6757b | BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System | Compass-M1 is an experimental satellite launched for signal testing and validation and for the frequency filing on 14 April 2007. The role of Compass-M1 for Compass is similar to the role of the GIOVE satellites for the Galileo system. The orbit of Compass-M1 is nearly circular, has an altitude of 21,150 km and an incl... | The purpose of the Compass-M1 satellite is similar to the purpose of what other satellite? | {
"text": [
"the GIOVE satellites for the Galileo system"
],
"answer_start": [
191
]
} |
56e1161ccd28a01900c6757c | BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System | Compass-M1 is an experimental satellite launched for signal testing and validation and for the frequency filing on 14 April 2007. The role of Compass-M1 for Compass is similar to the role of the GIOVE satellites for the Galileo system. The orbit of Compass-M1 is nearly circular, has an altitude of 21,150 km and an incl... | What is the altitude of the Compass-M1 satellite? | {
"text": [
"21,150 km"
],
"answer_start": [
299
]
} |
56e1161ccd28a01900c6757d | BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System | Compass-M1 is an experimental satellite launched for signal testing and validation and for the frequency filing on 14 April 2007. The role of Compass-M1 for Compass is similar to the role of the GIOVE satellites for the Galileo system. The orbit of Compass-M1 is nearly circular, has an altitude of 21,150 km and an incl... | What is the inclination of the Compass-M1 satellite? | {
"text": [
"55.5 degrees"
],
"answer_start": [
331
]
} |
56e11911e3433e1400422bd4 | BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System | Compass-M1 transmits in 3 bands: E2, E5B, and E6. In each frequency band two coherent sub-signals have been detected with a phase shift of 90 degrees (in quadrature). These signal components are further referred to as "I" and "Q". The "I" components have shorter codes and are likely to be intended for the open service.... | What frequency bands does Compass-M1 transmit in? | {
"text": [
"E2, E5B, and E6"
],
"answer_start": [
33
]
} |
56e11911e3433e1400422bd5 | BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System | Compass-M1 transmits in 3 bands: E2, E5B, and E6. In each frequency band two coherent sub-signals have been detected with a phase shift of 90 degrees (in quadrature). These signal components are further referred to as "I" and "Q". The "I" components have shorter codes and are likely to be intended for the open service.... | What is the phase shift of the sub-signals detected in each frequency band used by Compass-M1? | {
"text": [
"90 degrees (in quadrature)"
],
"answer_start": [
139
]
} |
56e11911e3433e1400422bd6 | BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System | Compass-M1 transmits in 3 bands: E2, E5B, and E6. In each frequency band two coherent sub-signals have been detected with a phase shift of 90 degrees (in quadrature). These signal components are further referred to as "I" and "Q". The "I" components have shorter codes and are likely to be intended for the open service.... | What are the two sub-signals in each frequency band referred to as? | {
"text": [
"\"I\" and \"Q\""
],
"answer_start": [
218
]
} |
56e11911e3433e1400422bd7 | BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System | Compass-M1 transmits in 3 bands: E2, E5B, and E6. In each frequency band two coherent sub-signals have been detected with a phase shift of 90 degrees (in quadrature). These signal components are further referred to as "I" and "Q". The "I" components have shorter codes and are likely to be intended for the open service.... | What is the intended purpose of the "I" component? | {
"text": [
"likely to be intended for the open service"
],
"answer_start": [
277
]
} |
56e11911e3433e1400422bd8 | BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System | Compass-M1 transmits in 3 bands: E2, E5B, and E6. In each frequency band two coherent sub-signals have been detected with a phase shift of 90 degrees (in quadrature). These signal components are further referred to as "I" and "Q". The "I" components have shorter codes and are likely to be intended for the open service.... | What is the intended purpose of the "Q" component? | {
"text": [
"probably intended for the restricted service"
],
"answer_start": [
405
]
} |
56e11a26e3433e1400422be7 | BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System | The investigation of the transmitted signals started immediately after the launch of Compass -M1 on 14 April 2007. Soon after in June 2007, engineers at CNES reported the spectrum and structure of the signals. A month later, researchers from Stanford University reported the complete decoding of the “I” signals componen... | What did engineers at CNES report in June 2007? | {
"text": [
"the spectrum and structure of the signals"
],
"answer_start": [
167
]
} |
56e11a26e3433e1400422be8 | BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System | The investigation of the transmitted signals started immediately after the launch of Compass -M1 on 14 April 2007. Soon after in June 2007, engineers at CNES reported the spectrum and structure of the signals. A month later, researchers from Stanford University reported the complete decoding of the “I” signals componen... | Who reported the complete decoding of the “I” signals components? | {
"text": [
"researchers from Stanford University"
],
"answer_start": [
225
]
} |
56e11a26e3433e1400422be9 | BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System | The investigation of the transmitted signals started immediately after the launch of Compass -M1 on 14 April 2007. Soon after in June 2007, engineers at CNES reported the spectrum and structure of the signals. A month later, researchers from Stanford University reported the complete decoding of the “I” signals componen... | Who built the COMPASS receiver? | {
"text": [
"a group of engineers at Septentrio"
],
"answer_start": [
359
]
} |
56e11abce3433e1400422bf8 | BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System | Characteristics of the "I" signals on E2 and E5B are generally similar to the civilian codes of GPS (L1-CA and L2C), but Compass signals have somewhat greater power. The notation of Compass signals used in this page follows the naming of the frequency bands and agrees with the notation used in the American literature o... | What is the difference between the "I" signals on E2 and E5B and the civilian codes of GPS (L1-CA and L2C)? | {
"text": [
"Compass signals have somewhat greater power"
],
"answer_start": [
121
]
} |
56e11bbce3433e1400422c0e | BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System | In December 2011, the system went into operation on a trial basis. It has started providing navigation, positioning and timing data to China and the neighbouring area for free from 27 December. During this trial run, Compass will offer positioning accuracy to within 25 meters, but the precision will improve as more sat... | When did the Compass system begin operation on a trial bases? | {
"text": [
"December 2011"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
56e11bbce3433e1400422c0f | BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System | In December 2011, the system went into operation on a trial basis. It has started providing navigation, positioning and timing data to China and the neighbouring area for free from 27 December. During this trial run, Compass will offer positioning accuracy to within 25 meters, but the precision will improve as more sat... | When did the Compass system begin offering navigation, positioning and timing data to China and nearby locations? | {
"text": [
"27 December"
],
"answer_start": [
181
]
} |
56e11bbce3433e1400422c10 | BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System | In December 2011, the system went into operation on a trial basis. It has started providing navigation, positioning and timing data to China and the neighbouring area for free from 27 December. During this trial run, Compass will offer positioning accuracy to within 25 meters, but the precision will improve as more sat... | What will improve the positioning accuracy of the Compass system? | {
"text": [
"as more satellites are launched"
],
"answer_start": [
309
]
} |
56e11bbce3433e1400422c11 | BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System | In December 2011, the system went into operation on a trial basis. It has started providing navigation, positioning and timing data to China and the neighbouring area for free from 27 December. During this trial run, Compass will offer positioning accuracy to within 25 meters, but the precision will improve as more sat... | Upon launching, the Compass system, what was the location accuracy promised to users? | {
"text": [
"accurate to the nearest 10 m"
],
"answer_start": [
435
]
} |
56e11bbce3433e1400422c12 | BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System | In December 2011, the system went into operation on a trial basis. It has started providing navigation, positioning and timing data to China and the neighbouring area for free from 27 December. During this trial run, Compass will offer positioning accuracy to within 25 meters, but the precision will improve as more sat... | Upon launching, the Compass system, what was the speed promised to users? | {
"text": [
"within 0.2 m per second"
],
"answer_start": [
480
]
} |
56e11c2bcd28a01900c675e1 | BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System | The BeiDou-2 system began offering services for the Asia-Pacific region in December 2012. At this time, the system could provide positioning data between longitude 55°E to 180°E and from latitude 55°S to 55°N. | When did the BeiDou-2 system start offering services? | {
"text": [
"December 2012"
],
"answer_start": [
75
]
} |
56e11c2bcd28a01900c675e2 | BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System | The BeiDou-2 system began offering services for the Asia-Pacific region in December 2012. At this time, the system could provide positioning data between longitude 55°E to 180°E and from latitude 55°S to 55°N. | Where did the BeiDou-2 system start offering services in 2012? | {
"text": [
"the Asia-Pacific region"
],
"answer_start": [
48
]
} |
56e11d89e3433e1400422c20 | BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System | In December 2011, Xinhua stated that "[t]he basic structure of the Beidou system has now been established, and engineers are now conducting comprehensive system test and evaluation. The system will provide test-run services of positioning, navigation and time for China and the neighboring areas before the end of this y... | When did the Beidou system begin operating in China? | {
"text": [
"December 2011"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
56e11d89e3433e1400422c21 | BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System | In December 2011, Xinhua stated that "[t]he basic structure of the Beidou system has now been established, and engineers are now conducting comprehensive system test and evaluation. The system will provide test-run services of positioning, navigation and time for China and the neighboring areas before the end of this y... | When is it projected that the global navigation system will be finished? | {
"text": [
"by 2020"
],
"answer_start": [
471
]
} |
56e11d89e3433e1400422c22 | BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System | In December 2011, Xinhua stated that "[t]he basic structure of the Beidou system has now been established, and engineers are now conducting comprehensive system test and evaluation. The system will provide test-run services of positioning, navigation and time for China and the neighboring areas before the end of this y... | As of December 2012, how many satellites had been launched for the BeiDou-2 system? | {
"text": [
"16"
],
"answer_start": [
501
]
} |
56e11d89e3433e1400422c23 | BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System | In December 2011, Xinhua stated that "[t]he basic structure of the Beidou system has now been established, and engineers are now conducting comprehensive system test and evaluation. The system will provide test-run services of positioning, navigation and time for China and the neighboring areas before the end of this y... | Of the 16 satellites launched for the BeiDou-2 system, how many are operational? | {
"text": [
"14"
],
"answer_start": [
548
]
} |
56e11e2fcd28a01900c675fb | BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System | The first satellite of the second-generation system, Compass-M1 was launched in 2007. It was followed by further nine satellites during 2009-2011, achieving functional regional coverage. A total of 16 satellites were launched during this phase. | When was the Compass-M1 satellite launced? | {
"text": [
"2007"
],
"answer_start": [
80
]
} |
56e11e2fcd28a01900c675fc | BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System | The first satellite of the second-generation system, Compass-M1 was launched in 2007. It was followed by further nine satellites during 2009-2011, achieving functional regional coverage. A total of 16 satellites were launched during this phase. | How many satellites were launched from 2009-2011? | {
"text": [
"nine"
],
"answer_start": [
113
]
} |
56e11e2fcd28a01900c675fd | BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System | The first satellite of the second-generation system, Compass-M1 was launched in 2007. It was followed by further nine satellites during 2009-2011, achieving functional regional coverage. A total of 16 satellites were launched during this phase. | What was achieved by launching 9 additional satellites from 2009-2011? | {
"text": [
"functional regional coverage"
],
"answer_start": [
157
]
} |
56e11e2fcd28a01900c675fe | BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System | The first satellite of the second-generation system, Compass-M1 was launched in 2007. It was followed by further nine satellites during 2009-2011, achieving functional regional coverage. A total of 16 satellites were launched during this phase. | How many satellites were launched since 2007? | {
"text": [
"16"
],
"answer_start": [
198
]
} |
56e11f7bcd28a01900c6760d | BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System | In 2015, the system began its transition towards global coverage with the first launch of a new-generation of satellites, and the 17th one within the new system. | When did the BeiDou system begin transitioning to global coverage? | {
"text": [
"2015"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
56e11f7bcd28a01900c6760e | BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System | In 2015, the system began its transition towards global coverage with the first launch of a new-generation of satellites, and the 17th one within the new system. | How did the BeiDou system begin transitioning to global coverage? | {
"text": [
"with the first launch of a new-generation of satellites"
],
"answer_start": [
65
]
} |
56e1207fcd28a01900c6761f | BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System | On July 25, 2015, the 18th and 19th satellites were successfully launched from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center, marking the first time for China to launch two satellites at once on top of a Long March 3B/Expedition-1 carrier rocket. The Expedition-1 is an independent upper stage capable of delivering one or more sp... | When were the 18th and 19th satellites for the BeiDou system launched? | {
"text": [
"July 25, 2015"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
56e1207fcd28a01900c67620 | BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System | On July 25, 2015, the 18th and 19th satellites were successfully launched from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center, marking the first time for China to launch two satellites at once on top of a Long March 3B/Expedition-1 carrier rocket. The Expedition-1 is an independent upper stage capable of delivering one or more sp... | Where were the 18th and 19th satellites for the BeiDou system launched from? | {
"text": [
"the Xichang Satellite Launch Center"
],
"answer_start": [
79
]
} |
56e1207fcd28a01900c67621 | BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System | On July 25, 2015, the 18th and 19th satellites were successfully launched from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center, marking the first time for China to launch two satellites at once on top of a Long March 3B/Expedition-1 carrier rocket. The Expedition-1 is an independent upper stage capable of delivering one or more sp... | What were the 18th and 19th satellites for the BeiDou system launched with? | {
"text": [
"Long March 3B/Expedition-1 carrier rocket"
],
"answer_start": [
194
]
} |
56e12219e3433e1400422c58 | BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System | The three latest satellites will jointly undergo testing of a new system of navigation signaling and inter-satellite links, and start providing navigation services when ready. | What will the three latest satellites provide after testing? | {
"text": [
"navigation services"
],
"answer_start": [
144
]
} |
56e12219e3433e1400422c5a | BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System | The three latest satellites will jointly undergo testing of a new system of navigation signaling and inter-satellite links, and start providing navigation services when ready. | How many satellites will be used to test a new system of navigation signaling? | {
"text": [
"three"
],
"answer_start": [
4
]
} |
56e0f09d231d4119001ac476 | Canon_law | Canon law is the body of laws and regulations made by ecclesiastical authority (Church leadership), for the government of a Christian organization or church and its members. It is the internal ecclesiastical law governing the Catholic Church (both Latin Church and Eastern Catholic Churches), the Eastern and Oriental Or... | What is the name for the rules issued by the heads of the Church? | {
"text": [
"Canon law"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
56e0f09d231d4119001ac477 | Canon_law | Canon law is the body of laws and regulations made by ecclesiastical authority (Church leadership), for the government of a Christian organization or church and its members. It is the internal ecclesiastical law governing the Catholic Church (both Latin Church and Eastern Catholic Churches), the Eastern and Oriental Or... | In what type of religion are canon laws applicable? | {
"text": [
"Christian"
],
"answer_start": [
124
]
} |
56e0f09d231d4119001ac478 | Canon_law | Canon law is the body of laws and regulations made by ecclesiastical authority (Church leadership), for the government of a Christian organization or church and its members. It is the internal ecclesiastical law governing the Catholic Church (both Latin Church and Eastern Catholic Churches), the Eastern and Oriental Or... | Which institutions make up the Catholic Church? | {
"text": [
"Latin Church and Eastern Catholic Churches"
],
"answer_start": [
248
]
} |
56e0f09d231d4119001ac479 | Canon_law | Canon law is the body of laws and regulations made by ecclesiastical authority (Church leadership), for the government of a Christian organization or church and its members. It is the internal ecclesiastical law governing the Catholic Church (both Latin Church and Eastern Catholic Churches), the Eastern and Oriental Or... | What body was first responsible for creating canon? | {
"text": [
"church council"
],
"answer_start": [
606
]
} |
56e0f09d231d4119001ac47a | Canon_law | Canon law is the body of laws and regulations made by ecclesiastical authority (Church leadership), for the government of a Christian organization or church and its members. It is the internal ecclesiastical law governing the Catholic Church (both Latin Church and Eastern Catholic Churches), the Eastern and Oriental Or... | What does canon law consist of? | {
"text": [
"canons"
],
"answer_start": [
628
]
} |
56e0f150231d4119001ac480 | Canon_law | Greek kanon / Ancient Greek: κανών, Arabic Qanun / قانون, Hebrew kaneh / קנה, "straight"; a rule, code, standard, or measure; the root meaning in all these languages is "reed" (cf. the Romance-language ancestors of the English word "cane"). | What is the Greek term for canon? | {
"text": [
"kanon"
],
"answer_start": [
6
]
} |
56e0f150231d4119001ac481 | Canon_law | Greek kanon / Ancient Greek: κανών, Arabic Qanun / قانون, Hebrew kaneh / קנה, "straight"; a rule, code, standard, or measure; the root meaning in all these languages is "reed" (cf. the Romance-language ancestors of the English word "cane"). | What is the Hebrew term for canon? | {
"text": [
"kaneh"
],
"answer_start": [
65
]
} |
56e0f150231d4119001ac482 | Canon_law | Greek kanon / Ancient Greek: κανών, Arabic Qanun / قانون, Hebrew kaneh / קנה, "straight"; a rule, code, standard, or measure; the root meaning in all these languages is "reed" (cf. the Romance-language ancestors of the English word "cane"). | What is the Arabic term meaning canon? | {
"text": [
"Qanun"
],
"answer_start": [
43
]
} |
56e0f150231d4119001ac483 | Canon_law | Greek kanon / Ancient Greek: κανών, Arabic Qanun / قانون, Hebrew kaneh / קנה, "straight"; a rule, code, standard, or measure; the root meaning in all these languages is "reed" (cf. the Romance-language ancestors of the English word "cane"). | What is the common definition of the word canon as it appears in Greek, Arabic and Hebrew? | {
"text": [
"reed"
],
"answer_start": [
170
]
} |
56e0f150231d4119001ac484 | Canon_law | Greek kanon / Ancient Greek: κανών, Arabic Qanun / قانون, Hebrew kaneh / קנה, "straight"; a rule, code, standard, or measure; the root meaning in all these languages is "reed" (cf. the Romance-language ancestors of the English word "cane"). | Which English term is derived from the same root as the Greek, Arabic and Hebrew words for canon? | {
"text": [
"cane"
],
"answer_start": [
233
]
} |
56e0f1e7231d4119001ac4a8 | Canon_law | The Apostolic Canons or Ecclesiastical Canons of the Same Holy Apostles is a collection of ancient ecclesiastical decrees (eighty-five in the Eastern, fifty in the Western Church) concerning the government and discipline of the Early Christian Church, incorporated with the Apostolic Constitutions which are part of the ... | How many ancient canons exist in the Eastern Church? | {
"text": [
"eighty-five"
],
"answer_start": [
123
]
} |
56e0f1e7231d4119001ac4a9 | Canon_law | The Apostolic Canons or Ecclesiastical Canons of the Same Holy Apostles is a collection of ancient ecclesiastical decrees (eighty-five in the Eastern, fifty in the Western Church) concerning the government and discipline of the Early Christian Church, incorporated with the Apostolic Constitutions which are part of the ... | How many ancient canons exist in the Western Church? | {
"text": [
"fifty"
],
"answer_start": [
151
]
} |
56e0f1e7231d4119001ac4aa | Canon_law | The Apostolic Canons or Ecclesiastical Canons of the Same Holy Apostles is a collection of ancient ecclesiastical decrees (eighty-five in the Eastern, fifty in the Western Church) concerning the government and discipline of the Early Christian Church, incorporated with the Apostolic Constitutions which are part of the ... | What is another term for Apostolic Canons? | {
"text": [
"Ecclesiastical Canons"
],
"answer_start": [
24
]
} |
56e0f1e7231d4119001ac4ab | Canon_law | The Apostolic Canons or Ecclesiastical Canons of the Same Holy Apostles is a collection of ancient ecclesiastical decrees (eighty-five in the Eastern, fifty in the Western Church) concerning the government and discipline of the Early Christian Church, incorporated with the Apostolic Constitutions which are part of the ... | When was the First Council of Nicaea held? | {
"text": [
"325"
],
"answer_start": [
391
]
} |
56e0f1e7231d4119001ac4ac | Canon_law | The Apostolic Canons or Ecclesiastical Canons of the Same Holy Apostles is a collection of ancient ecclesiastical decrees (eighty-five in the Eastern, fifty in the Western Church) concerning the government and discipline of the Early Christian Church, incorporated with the Apostolic Constitutions which are part of the ... | What is the Greek definition of κανὠν? | {
"text": [
"a rule"
],
"answer_start": [
489
]
} |
56e0f2d87aa994140058e7ff | Canon_law | In the Catholic Church, canon law is the system of laws and legal principles made and enforced by the Church's hierarchical authorities to regulate its external organization and government and to order and direct the activities of Catholics toward the mission of the Church. | Who enforces canon law in Catholicism? | {
"text": [
"the Church's hierarchical authorities"
],
"answer_start": [
98
]
} |
56e0f2d87aa994140058e800 | Canon_law | In the Catholic Church, canon law is the system of laws and legal principles made and enforced by the Church's hierarchical authorities to regulate its external organization and government and to order and direct the activities of Catholics toward the mission of the Church. | What is the name for the collection of formal rules in Catholicism? | {
"text": [
"canon law"
],
"answer_start": [
24
]
} |
56e0f2d87aa994140058e801 | Canon_law | In the Catholic Church, canon law is the system of laws and legal principles made and enforced by the Church's hierarchical authorities to regulate its external organization and government and to order and direct the activities of Catholics toward the mission of the Church. | What does management of canon law aim to regulate? | {
"text": [
"external organization and government"
],
"answer_start": [
152
]
} |
56e0f3907aa994140058e807 | Canon_law | The Roman Catholic Church canon law also includes the main five rites (groups) of churches which are in full union with the Roman Catholic Church and the Supreme Pontiff: | What is another name for the collections of other Catholic churches led by the Supreme Pontiff? | {
"text": [
"rites"
],
"answer_start": [
64
]
} |
56e0f3907aa994140058e808 | Canon_law | The Roman Catholic Church canon law also includes the main five rites (groups) of churches which are in full union with the Roman Catholic Church and the Supreme Pontiff: | How many major rites exist? | {
"text": [
"five"
],
"answer_start": [
59
]
} |
56e0f3907aa994140058e809 | Canon_law | The Roman Catholic Church canon law also includes the main five rites (groups) of churches which are in full union with the Roman Catholic Church and the Supreme Pontiff: | Who is the leader of the Roman Catholic Church? | {
"text": [
"the Supreme Pontiff"
],
"answer_start": [
150
]
} |
56e0f3907aa994140058e80a | Canon_law | The Roman Catholic Church canon law also includes the main five rites (groups) of churches which are in full union with the Roman Catholic Church and the Supreme Pontiff: | What term characterizes the intersection of the rites with the Roman Catholic Church? | {
"text": [
"full union"
],
"answer_start": [
104
]
} |
56e0f3907aa994140058e80b | Canon_law | The Roman Catholic Church canon law also includes the main five rites (groups) of churches which are in full union with the Roman Catholic Church and the Supreme Pontiff: | Which denomination is led by the Supreme Pontiff? | {
"text": [
"Roman Catholic"
],
"answer_start": [
4
]
} |
56e0f5fc231d4119001ac4da | Canon_law | In the Roman Church, universal positive ecclesiastical laws, based upon either immutable divine and natural law, or changeable circumstantial and merely positive law, derive formal authority and promulgation from the office of pope, who as Supreme Pontiff possesses the totality of legislative, executive, and judicial p... | What are the permanent sources of positive ecclesiastical law? | {
"text": [
"immutable divine and natural law"
],
"answer_start": [
79
]
} |
56e0f5fc231d4119001ac4db | Canon_law | In the Roman Church, universal positive ecclesiastical laws, based upon either immutable divine and natural law, or changeable circumstantial and merely positive law, derive formal authority and promulgation from the office of pope, who as Supreme Pontiff possesses the totality of legislative, executive, and judicial p... | What are the impermanent sources of positive ecclesiastical law? | {
"text": [
"changeable circumstantial and merely positive law"
],
"answer_start": [
116
]
} |
56e0f5fc231d4119001ac4dc | Canon_law | In the Roman Church, universal positive ecclesiastical laws, based upon either immutable divine and natural law, or changeable circumstantial and merely positive law, derive formal authority and promulgation from the office of pope, who as Supreme Pontiff possesses the totality of legislative, executive, and judicial p... | What is given to the universal positive law of the Roman Catholic Church by its leader? | {
"text": [
"formal authority and promulgation"
],
"answer_start": [
174
]
} |
56e0f5fc231d4119001ac4dd | Canon_law | In the Roman Church, universal positive ecclesiastical laws, based upon either immutable divine and natural law, or changeable circumstantial and merely positive law, derive formal authority and promulgation from the office of pope, who as Supreme Pontiff possesses the totality of legislative, executive, and judicial p... | What is the pope's official title? | {
"text": [
"Supreme Pontiff"
],
"answer_start": [
240
]
} |
56e0f5fc231d4119001ac4de | Canon_law | In the Roman Church, universal positive ecclesiastical laws, based upon either immutable divine and natural law, or changeable circumstantial and merely positive law, derive formal authority and promulgation from the office of pope, who as Supreme Pontiff possesses the totality of legislative, executive, and judicial p... | What three divisions of power often found in government does the pope hold? | {
"text": [
"legislative, executive, and judicial"
],
"answer_start": [
282
]
} |
56e0f735231d4119001ac4f6 | Canon_law | The Catholic Church has what is claimed to be the oldest continuously functioning internal legal system in Western Europe, much later than Roman law but predating the evolution of modern European civil law traditions. What began with rules ("canons") adopted by the Apostles at the Council of Jerusalem in the first cent... | What entity believes itself to have the longest standing internal mechanism of laws in Western Europe? | {
"text": [
"The Catholic Church"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
56e0f735231d4119001ac4f7 | Canon_law | The Catholic Church has what is claimed to be the oldest continuously functioning internal legal system in Western Europe, much later than Roman law but predating the evolution of modern European civil law traditions. What began with rules ("canons") adopted by the Apostles at the Council of Jerusalem in the first cent... | What is a legal system older than Catholic law? | {
"text": [
"Roman law"
],
"answer_start": [
139
]
} |
56e0f735231d4119001ac4f8 | Canon_law | The Catholic Church has what is claimed to be the oldest continuously functioning internal legal system in Western Europe, much later than Roman law but predating the evolution of modern European civil law traditions. What began with rules ("canons") adopted by the Apostles at the Council of Jerusalem in the first cent... | What is the term for laws produced at the Council of Jerusalem? | {
"text": [
"canons"
],
"answer_start": [
242
]
} |
56e0f735231d4119001ac4f9 | Canon_law | The Catholic Church has what is claimed to be the oldest continuously functioning internal legal system in Western Europe, much later than Roman law but predating the evolution of modern European civil law traditions. What began with rules ("canons") adopted by the Apostles at the Council of Jerusalem in the first cent... | When was the Council of Jerusalem held? | {
"text": [
"first century"
],
"answer_start": [
310
]
} |
56e0f735231d4119001ac4fa | Canon_law | The Catholic Church has what is claimed to be the oldest continuously functioning internal legal system in Western Europe, much later than Roman law but predating the evolution of modern European civil law traditions. What began with rules ("canons") adopted by the Apostles at the Council of Jerusalem in the first cent... | Apart from the Old and New Testaments, which other cultures influenced canon? | {
"text": [
"Roman, Visigothic, Saxon, and Celtic"
],
"answer_start": [
473
]
} |
56e0f7c3231d4119001ac507 | Canon_law | The history of Latin canon law can be divided into four periods: the jus antiquum, the jus novum, the jus novissimum and the Code of Canon Law. In relation to the Code, history can be divided into the jus vetus (all law before the Code) and the jus novum (the law of the Code, or jus codicis). | Which period followed the jus antiquum? | {
"text": [
"the jus novum"
],
"answer_start": [
83
]
} |
56e0f7c3231d4119001ac509 | Canon_law | The history of Latin canon law can be divided into four periods: the jus antiquum, the jus novum, the jus novissimum and the Code of Canon Law. In relation to the Code, history can be divided into the jus vetus (all law before the Code) and the jus novum (the law of the Code, or jus codicis). | What is the most recent era of Latin canon law? | {
"text": [
"the Code of Canon Law"
],
"answer_start": [
121
]
} |
56e0f7c3231d4119001ac50a | Canon_law | The history of Latin canon law can be divided into four periods: the jus antiquum, the jus novum, the jus novissimum and the Code of Canon Law. In relation to the Code, history can be divided into the jus vetus (all law before the Code) and the jus novum (the law of the Code, or jus codicis). | What is the name for the time preceding the Code of Canon Law? | {
"text": [
"the jus vetus"
],
"answer_start": [
197
]
} |
56e0f8717aa994140058e845 | Canon_law | The canon law of the Eastern Catholic Churches, which had developed some different disciplines and practices, underwent its own process of codification, resulting in the Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches promulgated in 1990 by Pope John Paul II. | In what ways did the Eastern Catholic Churches's legal systems vary from those of the west? | {
"text": [
"different disciplines and practices"
],
"answer_start": [
73
]
} |
56e0f8717aa994140058e846 | Canon_law | The canon law of the Eastern Catholic Churches, which had developed some different disciplines and practices, underwent its own process of codification, resulting in the Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches promulgated in 1990 by Pope John Paul II. | What led to the Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches? | {
"text": [
"process of codification"
],
"answer_start": [
128
]
} |
56e0f8717aa994140058e847 | Canon_law | The canon law of the Eastern Catholic Churches, which had developed some different disciplines and practices, underwent its own process of codification, resulting in the Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches promulgated in 1990 by Pope John Paul II. | When was the law of the Eastern Catholic Churches promoted? | {
"text": [
"1990"
],
"answer_start": [
224
]
} |
56e0f8717aa994140058e848 | Canon_law | The canon law of the Eastern Catholic Churches, which had developed some different disciplines and practices, underwent its own process of codification, resulting in the Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches promulgated in 1990 by Pope John Paul II. | Who sponsored the promulgation of Eastern Catholic Church laws? | {
"text": [
"Pope John Paul II"
],
"answer_start": [
232
]
} |
56e0f8717aa994140058e849 | Canon_law | The canon law of the Eastern Catholic Churches, which had developed some different disciplines and practices, underwent its own process of codification, resulting in the Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches promulgated in 1990 by Pope John Paul II. | What was the name of the formal version of laws ruling the Eastern Catholic Churches? | {
"text": [
"the Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches"
],
"answer_start": [
166
]
} |
56e0f9657aa994140058e84f | Canon_law | It is a fully developed legal system, with all the necessary elements: courts, lawyers, judges, a fully articulated legal code principles of legal interpretation, and coercive penalties, though it lacks civilly-binding force in most secular jurisdictions. The academic degrees in canon law are the J.C.B. (Juris Canonici... | What profesional roles from secular law does the Catholic Church also employ? | {
"text": [
"lawyers, judges"
],
"answer_start": [
79
]
} |
56e0f9657aa994140058e850 | Canon_law | It is a fully developed legal system, with all the necessary elements: courts, lawyers, judges, a fully articulated legal code principles of legal interpretation, and coercive penalties, though it lacks civilly-binding force in most secular jurisdictions. The academic degrees in canon law are the J.C.B. (Juris Canonici... | What is not present in the Catholic legal system as compared with non-religious law? | {
"text": [
"civilly-binding force"
],
"answer_start": [
203
]
} |
56e0f9657aa994140058e851 | Canon_law | It is a fully developed legal system, with all the necessary elements: courts, lawyers, judges, a fully articulated legal code principles of legal interpretation, and coercive penalties, though it lacks civilly-binding force in most secular jurisdictions. The academic degrees in canon law are the J.C.B. (Juris Canonici... | What does J.C.B. stand for? | {
"text": [
"Juris Canonici Baccalaureatus"
],
"answer_start": [
306
]
} |
56e0f9657aa994140058e852 | Canon_law | It is a fully developed legal system, with all the necessary elements: courts, lawyers, judges, a fully articulated legal code principles of legal interpretation, and coercive penalties, though it lacks civilly-binding force in most secular jurisdictions. The academic degrees in canon law are the J.C.B. (Juris Canonici... | What is the English equivalent of the term abbreviated by J.C.B.? | {
"text": [
"Bachelor of Canon Law"
],
"answer_start": [
337
]
} |
56e0f9657aa994140058e853 | Canon_law | It is a fully developed legal system, with all the necessary elements: courts, lawyers, judges, a fully articulated legal code principles of legal interpretation, and coercive penalties, though it lacks civilly-binding force in most secular jurisdictions. The academic degrees in canon law are the J.C.B. (Juris Canonici... | What is the Latin term for Licentiate of Canon Law? | {
"text": [
"Juris Canonici Licentiatus"
],
"answer_start": [
406
]
} |
56e0fb7b231d4119001ac530 | Canon_law | Much of the legislative style was adapted from the Roman Law Code of Justinian. As a result, Roman ecclesiastical courts tend to follow the Roman Law style of continental Europe with some variation, featuring collegiate panels of judges and an investigative form of proceeding, called "inquisitorial", from the Latin "in... | What ancient law served as the precursor to the type of legislation seen in the Roman Catholics? | {
"text": [
"Roman Law Code of Justinian"
],
"answer_start": [
51
]
} |
56e0fb7b231d4119001ac531 | Canon_law | Much of the legislative style was adapted from the Roman Law Code of Justinian. As a result, Roman ecclesiastical courts tend to follow the Roman Law style of continental Europe with some variation, featuring collegiate panels of judges and an investigative form of proceeding, called "inquisitorial", from the Latin "in... | What word characterizes the type of procedure found in American and British courts? | {
"text": [
"adversarial"
],
"answer_start": [
369
]
} |
56e0fb7b231d4119001ac532 | Canon_law | Much of the legislative style was adapted from the Roman Law Code of Justinian. As a result, Roman ecclesiastical courts tend to follow the Roman Law style of continental Europe with some variation, featuring collegiate panels of judges and an investigative form of proceeding, called "inquisitorial", from the Latin "in... | What term characterizes the type of procedure used in Roman Church courts? | {
"text": [
"inquisitorial"
],
"answer_start": [
286
]
} |
56e0fb7b231d4119001ac533 | Canon_law | Much of the legislative style was adapted from the Roman Law Code of Justinian. As a result, Roman ecclesiastical courts tend to follow the Roman Law style of continental Europe with some variation, featuring collegiate panels of judges and an investigative form of proceeding, called "inquisitorial", from the Latin "in... | What is the English meaning of inquirere? | {
"text": [
"to enquire"
],
"answer_start": [
330
]
} |
56e101c8cd28a01900c67419 | Canon_law | The institutions and practices of canon law paralleled the legal development of much of Europe, and consequently both modern civil law and common law (legal system) bear the influences of canon law. Edson Luiz Sampel, a Brazilian expert in canon law, says that canon law is contained in the genesis of various institutes... | What continent's laws developed alongside those of the Church? | {
"text": [
"Europe"
],
"answer_start": [
88
]
} |
56e101c8cd28a01900c6741a | Canon_law | The institutions and practices of canon law paralleled the legal development of much of Europe, and consequently both modern civil law and common law (legal system) bear the influences of canon law. Edson Luiz Sampel, a Brazilian expert in canon law, says that canon law is contained in the genesis of various institutes... | In which types of law can elements of canon law be seen? | {
"text": [
"modern civil law and common law"
],
"answer_start": [
118
]
} |
56e101c8cd28a01900c6741b | Canon_law | The institutions and practices of canon law paralleled the legal development of much of Europe, and consequently both modern civil law and common law (legal system) bear the influences of canon law. Edson Luiz Sampel, a Brazilian expert in canon law, says that canon law is contained in the genesis of various institutes... | Who stated that Church law can be seen in the growth of civil law institutions? | {
"text": [
"Edson Luiz Sampel"
],
"answer_start": [
199
]
} |
56e101c8cd28a01900c6741c | Canon_law | The institutions and practices of canon law paralleled the legal development of much of Europe, and consequently both modern civil law and common law (legal system) bear the influences of canon law. Edson Luiz Sampel, a Brazilian expert in canon law, says that canon law is contained in the genesis of various institutes... | What two regions does Sampel cite as examples of the influence of canon law? | {
"text": [
"Europe and Latin American"
],
"answer_start": [
366
]
} |
56e101c8cd28a01900c6741d | Canon_law | The institutions and practices of canon law paralleled the legal development of much of Europe, and consequently both modern civil law and common law (legal system) bear the influences of canon law. Edson Luiz Sampel, a Brazilian expert in canon law, says that canon law is contained in the genesis of various institutes... | What does Sampel claim had a great impact on? | {
"text": [
"contemporary society"
],
"answer_start": [
463
]
} |
56e102b7cd28a01900c6742b | Canon_law | Canonical jurisprudential theory generally follows the principles of Aristotelian-Thomistic legal philosophy. While the term "law" is never explicitly defined in the Code, the Catechism of the Catholic Church cites Aquinas in defining law as "...an ordinance of reason for the common good, promulgated by the one who is ... | What school of thought serves as a model for canon theory? | {
"text": [
"Aristotelian-Thomistic"
],
"answer_start": [
69
]
} |
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