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56e102b7cd28a01900c6742c
Canon_law
Canonical jurisprudential theory generally follows the principles of Aristotelian-Thomistic legal philosophy. While the term "law" is never explicitly defined in the Code, the Catechism of the Catholic Church cites Aquinas in defining law as "...an ordinance of reason for the common good, promulgated by the one who is ...
Which philosopher is quoted by the Catechism?
{ "text": [ "Aquinas" ], "answer_start": [ 215 ] }
56e102b7cd28a01900c6742d
Canon_law
Canonical jurisprudential theory generally follows the principles of Aristotelian-Thomistic legal philosophy. While the term "law" is never explicitly defined in the Code, the Catechism of the Catholic Church cites Aquinas in defining law as "...an ordinance of reason for the common good, promulgated by the one who is ...
What word is not specifically given meaning in the Code of the Church?
{ "text": [ "law" ], "answer_start": [ 126 ] }
56e102b7cd28a01900c6742e
Canon_law
Canonical jurisprudential theory generally follows the principles of Aristotelian-Thomistic legal philosophy. While the term "law" is never explicitly defined in the Code, the Catechism of the Catholic Church cites Aquinas in defining law as "...an ordinance of reason for the common good, promulgated by the one who is ...
What does Aquinas define as the aim toward which law is working?
{ "text": [ "the common good" ], "answer_start": [ 273 ] }
56e102b7cd28a01900c6742f
Canon_law
Canonical jurisprudential theory generally follows the principles of Aristotelian-Thomistic legal philosophy. While the term "law" is never explicitly defined in the Code, the Catechism of the Catholic Church cites Aquinas in defining law as "...an ordinance of reason for the common good, promulgated by the one who is ...
What term expresses the idea of law derived from Aquinas as interpreted by the Catechism?
{ "text": [ "a rule of conduct" ], "answer_start": [ 375 ] }
56e1039be3433e1400422aa6
Canon_law
The law of the Eastern Catholic Churches in full union with Rome was in much the same state as that of the Latin or Western Church before 1917; much more diversity in legislation existed in the various Eastern Catholic Churches. Each had its own special law, in which custom still played an important part. In 1929 Pius ...
Prior to 1917, what church was in a similar situation as the Eastern Catholic Churches as regards its legal system?
{ "text": [ "the Latin or Western Church" ], "answer_start": [ 103 ] }
56e1039be3433e1400422aa7
Canon_law
The law of the Eastern Catholic Churches in full union with Rome was in much the same state as that of the Latin or Western Church before 1917; much more diversity in legislation existed in the various Eastern Catholic Churches. Each had its own special law, in which custom still played an important part. In 1929 Pius ...
What was different about the Eastern Churches compared with the Western?
{ "text": [ "more diversity in legislation" ], "answer_start": [ 149 ] }
56e1039be3433e1400422aa8
Canon_law
The law of the Eastern Catholic Churches in full union with Rome was in much the same state as that of the Latin or Western Church before 1917; much more diversity in legislation existed in the various Eastern Catholic Churches. Each had its own special law, in which custom still played an important part. In 1929 Pius ...
What was still a main factor in the Eastern Church laws?
{ "text": [ "custom" ], "answer_start": [ 268 ] }
56e1039be3433e1400422aa9
Canon_law
The law of the Eastern Catholic Churches in full union with Rome was in much the same state as that of the Latin or Western Church before 1917; much more diversity in legislation existed in the various Eastern Catholic Churches. Each had its own special law, in which custom still played an important part. In 1929 Pius ...
When did Pius XI announce his goal of codifying the law of all Eastern Churches?
{ "text": [ "1929" ], "answer_start": [ 310 ] }
56e1039be3433e1400422aaa
Canon_law
The law of the Eastern Catholic Churches in full union with Rome was in much the same state as that of the Latin or Western Church before 1917; much more diversity in legislation existed in the various Eastern Catholic Churches. Each had its own special law, in which custom still played an important part. In 1929 Pius ...
During what time period were the Codes for Eastern Churches made available, prior to the final version?
{ "text": [ "1949 through 1958" ], "answer_start": [ 528 ] }
56e1040ecd28a01900c6743d
Canon_law
The first Code of Canon Law, 1917, was mostly for the Roman Rite, with limited application to the Eastern Churches. After the Second Vatican Council, (1962 - 1965), another edition was published specifically for the Roman Rite in 1983. Most recently, 1990, the Vatican produced the Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches...
When was the original Code of Canon Law published?
{ "text": [ "1917" ], "answer_start": [ 29 ] }
56e1040ecd28a01900c6743e
Canon_law
The first Code of Canon Law, 1917, was mostly for the Roman Rite, with limited application to the Eastern Churches. After the Second Vatican Council, (1962 - 1965), another edition was published specifically for the Roman Rite in 1983. Most recently, 1990, the Vatican produced the Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches...
For which part of the Roman Catholic Church was the first Code published?
{ "text": [ "the Roman Rite" ], "answer_start": [ 50 ] }
56e1040ecd28a01900c6743f
Canon_law
The first Code of Canon Law, 1917, was mostly for the Roman Rite, with limited application to the Eastern Churches. After the Second Vatican Council, (1962 - 1965), another edition was published specifically for the Roman Rite in 1983. Most recently, 1990, the Vatican produced the Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches...
During what years was the Second Vatican Council held?
{ "text": [ "1962 - 1965" ], "answer_start": [ 151 ] }
56e1040ecd28a01900c67440
Canon_law
The first Code of Canon Law, 1917, was mostly for the Roman Rite, with limited application to the Eastern Churches. After the Second Vatican Council, (1962 - 1965), another edition was published specifically for the Roman Rite in 1983. Most recently, 1990, the Vatican produced the Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches...
For whom was a new edition of canon law released in 1983?
{ "text": [ "the Roman Rite" ], "answer_start": [ 50 ] }
56e1040ecd28a01900c67441
Canon_law
The first Code of Canon Law, 1917, was mostly for the Roman Rite, with limited application to the Eastern Churches. After the Second Vatican Council, (1962 - 1965), another edition was published specifically for the Roman Rite in 1983. Most recently, 1990, the Vatican produced the Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches...
When was the first Code produced for Eastern Churches?
{ "text": [ "1990" ], "answer_start": [ 251 ] }
56e104b7e3433e1400422aca
Canon_law
The Greek-speaking Orthodox have collected canons and commentaries upon them in a work known as the Pēdálion (Greek: Πηδάλιον, "Rudder"), so named because it is meant to "steer" the Church. The Orthodox Christian tradition in general treats its canons more as guidelines than as laws, the bishops adjusting them to cultu...
What language is used by members of the Orthodox denomination?
{ "text": [ "Greek" ], "answer_start": [ 4 ] }
56e104b7e3433e1400422acb
Canon_law
The Greek-speaking Orthodox have collected canons and commentaries upon them in a work known as the Pēdálion (Greek: Πηδάλιον, "Rudder"), so named because it is meant to "steer" the Church. The Orthodox Christian tradition in general treats its canons more as guidelines than as laws, the bishops adjusting them to cultu...
What are the constituents of the Pēdálion?
{ "text": [ "canons and commentaries upon them" ], "answer_start": [ 43 ] }
56e104b7e3433e1400422acc
Canon_law
The Greek-speaking Orthodox have collected canons and commentaries upon them in a work known as the Pēdálion (Greek: Πηδάλιον, "Rudder"), so named because it is meant to "steer" the Church. The Orthodox Christian tradition in general treats its canons more as guidelines than as laws, the bishops adjusting them to cultu...
What does Pēdálion mean in English?
{ "text": [ "Rudder" ], "answer_start": [ 128 ] }
56e104b7e3433e1400422acd
Canon_law
The Greek-speaking Orthodox have collected canons and commentaries upon them in a work known as the Pēdálion (Greek: Πηδάλιον, "Rudder"), so named because it is meant to "steer" the Church. The Orthodox Christian tradition in general treats its canons more as guidelines than as laws, the bishops adjusting them to cultu...
Which Orthodox leaders are free to adapt canon as required?
{ "text": [ "bishops" ], "answer_start": [ 289 ] }
56e104b7e3433e1400422ace
Canon_law
The Greek-speaking Orthodox have collected canons and commentaries upon them in a work known as the Pēdálion (Greek: Πηδάλιον, "Rudder"), so named because it is meant to "steer" the Church. The Orthodox Christian tradition in general treats its canons more as guidelines than as laws, the bishops adjusting them to cultu...
Which groups do Orthodox scholars point to when defending their way of interpreting canon?
{ "text": [ "the Ecumenical Councils" ], "answer_start": [ 404 ] }
56e10f57cd28a01900c674ff
Canon_law
In the Church of England, the ecclesiastical courts that formerly decided many matters such as disputes relating to marriage, divorce, wills, and defamation, still have jurisdiction of certain church-related matters (e.g. discipline of clergy, alteration of church property, and issues related to churchyards). Their sep...
In what institution do church courts still have relevant functions in secular society?
{ "text": [ "the Church of England" ], "answer_start": [ 3 ] }
56e10f57cd28a01900c67500
Canon_law
In the Church of England, the ecclesiastical courts that formerly decided many matters such as disputes relating to marriage, divorce, wills, and defamation, still have jurisdiction of certain church-related matters (e.g. discipline of clergy, alteration of church property, and issues related to churchyards). Their sep...
In what century did Saxons and Normans separate?
{ "text": [ "12th" ], "answer_start": [ 351 ] }
56e10f57cd28a01900c67501
Canon_law
In the Church of England, the ecclesiastical courts that formerly decided many matters such as disputes relating to marriage, divorce, wills, and defamation, still have jurisdiction of certain church-related matters (e.g. discipline of clergy, alteration of church property, and issues related to churchyards). Their sep...
What type of law is not found in ecclesiastical systems in the modern day?
{ "text": [ "common law" ], "answer_start": [ 601 ] }
56e10f57cd28a01900c67502
Canon_law
In the Church of England, the ecclesiastical courts that formerly decided many matters such as disputes relating to marriage, divorce, wills, and defamation, still have jurisdiction of certain church-related matters (e.g. discipline of clergy, alteration of church property, and issues related to churchyards). Their sep...
At which universities were canon law degrees abolished?
{ "text": [ "Oxford and Cambridge" ], "answer_start": [ 795 ] }
56e10f57cd28a01900c67503
Canon_law
In the Church of England, the ecclesiastical courts that formerly decided many matters such as disputes relating to marriage, divorce, wills, and defamation, still have jurisdiction of certain church-related matters (e.g. discipline of clergy, alteration of church property, and issues related to churchyards). Their sep...
Who was responsible for banning canon law education from Oxford and Cambridge?
{ "text": [ "Henry VIII" ], "answer_start": [ 833 ] }
56e1156fe3433e1400422bae
Canon_law
Other churches in the Anglican Communion around the world (e.g., the Episcopal Church in the United States, and the Anglican Church of Canada) still function under their own private systems of canon law.
What is a term for the Church of England and churches that align with it?
{ "text": [ "the Anglican Communion" ], "answer_start": [ 18 ] }
56e1156fe3433e1400422baf
Canon_law
Other churches in the Anglican Communion around the world (e.g., the Episcopal Church in the United States, and the Anglican Church of Canada) still function under their own private systems of canon law.
What is an example of a member of the Anglican Communion in America?
{ "text": [ "the Episcopal Church" ], "answer_start": [ 65 ] }
56e1156fe3433e1400422bb0
Canon_law
Other churches in the Anglican Communion around the world (e.g., the Episcopal Church in the United States, and the Anglican Church of Canada) still function under their own private systems of canon law.
What is an example of a member of the Anglican Communion in Canada?
{ "text": [ "the Anglican Church of Canada" ], "answer_start": [ 112 ] }
56e1156fe3433e1400422bb1
Canon_law
Other churches in the Anglican Communion around the world (e.g., the Episcopal Church in the United States, and the Anglican Church of Canada) still function under their own private systems of canon law.
What do extant churches of the Anglican Communion still operate with?
{ "text": [ "their own private systems of canon law" ], "answer_start": [ 164 ] }
56e11661e3433e1400422bb6
Canon_law
Currently, (2004), there are principles of canon law common to the churches within the Anglican Communion; their existence can be factually established; each province or church contributes through its own legal system to the principles of canon law common within the Communion; these principles have a strong persuasive ...
As of 2004, what do all Anglican Communion Churches share?
{ "text": [ "principles of canon law" ], "answer_start": [ 29 ] }
56e11661e3433e1400422bb7
Canon_law
Currently, (2004), there are principles of canon law common to the churches within the Anglican Communion; their existence can be factually established; each province or church contributes through its own legal system to the principles of canon law common within the Communion; these principles have a strong persuasive ...
What term characterizes the way in which the existence of canon principles can be shown?
{ "text": [ "factually" ], "answer_start": [ 130 ] }
56e11661e3433e1400422bb8
Canon_law
Currently, (2004), there are principles of canon law common to the churches within the Anglican Communion; their existence can be factually established; each province or church contributes through its own legal system to the principles of canon law common within the Communion; these principles have a strong persuasive ...
Through what does each member of the Anglican Communion make a contribution to Church law?
{ "text": [ "its own legal system" ], "answer_start": [ 197 ] }
56e11661e3433e1400422bb9
Canon_law
Currently, (2004), there are principles of canon law common to the churches within the Anglican Communion; their existence can be factually established; each province or church contributes through its own legal system to the principles of canon law common within the Communion; these principles have a strong persuasive ...
What kind of force could the canonical principles be said to have within the Communion?
{ "text": [ "living" ], "answer_start": [ 442 ] }
56e11661e3433e1400422bba
Canon_law
Currently, (2004), there are principles of canon law common to the churches within the Anglican Communion; their existence can be factually established; each province or church contributes through its own legal system to the principles of canon law common within the Communion; these principles have a strong persuasive ...
What does having common principles show and support for churches int he Communion?
{ "text": [ "unity" ], "answer_start": [ 578 ] }
56e1170de3433e1400422bc0
Canon_law
In Presbyterian and Reformed churches, canon law is known as "practice and procedure" or "church order", and includes the church's laws respecting its government, discipline, legal practice and worship.
What are two other possible terms for canon law among some denominations?
{ "text": [ "\"practice and procedure\" or \"church order\"" ], "answer_start": [ 61 ] }
56e1170de3433e1400422bc1
Canon_law
In Presbyterian and Reformed churches, canon law is known as "practice and procedure" or "church order", and includes the church's laws respecting its government, discipline, legal practice and worship.
In what types of institutions are canon rules called "practice and procedure"?
{ "text": [ "Presbyterian and Reformed churches" ], "answer_start": [ 3 ] }
56e1170de3433e1400422bc2
Canon_law
In Presbyterian and Reformed churches, canon law is known as "practice and procedure" or "church order", and includes the church's laws respecting its government, discipline, legal practice and worship.
What aspect of management is covered by church order?
{ "text": [ "government" ], "answer_start": [ 151 ] }
56e1170de3433e1400422bc3
Canon_law
In Presbyterian and Reformed churches, canon law is known as "practice and procedure" or "church order", and includes the church's laws respecting its government, discipline, legal practice and worship.
What aspect of decorum is covered by practice and procedure?
{ "text": [ "discipline" ], "answer_start": [ 163 ] }
56e1170de3433e1400422bc4
Canon_law
In Presbyterian and Reformed churches, canon law is known as "practice and procedure" or "church order", and includes the church's laws respecting its government, discipline, legal practice and worship.
What aspect of faith is covered by canon law?
{ "text": [ "worship" ], "answer_start": [ 194 ] }
56e11801e3433e1400422bca
Canon_law
Roman canon law had been criticized by the Presbyterians as early as 1572 in the Admonition to Parliament. The protest centered on the standard defense that canon law could be retained so long as it did not contradict the civil law. According to Polly Ha, the Reformed Church Government refuted this claiming that the bi...
What group took issue with the Roman canons?
{ "text": [ "the Presbyterians" ], "answer_start": [ 39 ] }
56e11801e3433e1400422bcb
Canon_law
Roman canon law had been criticized by the Presbyterians as early as 1572 in the Admonition to Parliament. The protest centered on the standard defense that canon law could be retained so long as it did not contradict the civil law. According to Polly Ha, the Reformed Church Government refuted this claiming that the bi...
In what year was there documented criticism of Roman church law by Presbyterians?
{ "text": [ "1572" ], "answer_start": [ 69 ] }
56e11801e3433e1400422bcc
Canon_law
Roman canon law had been criticized by the Presbyterians as early as 1572 in the Admonition to Parliament. The protest centered on the standard defense that canon law could be retained so long as it did not contradict the civil law. According to Polly Ha, the Reformed Church Government refuted this claiming that the bi...
To whom did Presbyterians complain in 1572?
{ "text": [ "Parliament" ], "answer_start": [ 95 ] }
56e11801e3433e1400422bcd
Canon_law
Roman canon law had been criticized by the Presbyterians as early as 1572 in the Admonition to Parliament. The protest centered on the standard defense that canon law could be retained so long as it did not contradict the civil law. According to Polly Ha, the Reformed Church Government refuted this claiming that the bi...
For how long did the Reformed Church state that canon had been administered by members of the church?
{ "text": [ "1500 years" ], "answer_start": [ 359 ] }
56e11801e3433e1400422bce
Canon_law
Roman canon law had been criticized by the Presbyterians as early as 1572 in the Admonition to Parliament. The protest centered on the standard defense that canon law could be retained so long as it did not contradict the civil law. According to Polly Ha, the Reformed Church Government refuted this claiming that the bi...
Which church officials were responsible for the administration of canon law?
{ "text": [ "bishops" ], "answer_start": [ 318 ] }
56e1189acd28a01900c675a1
Canon_law
The Book of Concord is the historic doctrinal statement of the Lutheran Church, consisting of ten credal documents recognized as authoritative in Lutheranism since the 16th century. However, the Book of Concord is a confessional document (stating orthodox belief) rather than a book of ecclesiastical rules or discipline...
What is a fundamental collection of documents of the Lutherans?
{ "text": [ "The Book of Concord" ], "answer_start": [ 0 ] }
56e1189acd28a01900c675a2
Canon_law
The Book of Concord is the historic doctrinal statement of the Lutheran Church, consisting of ten credal documents recognized as authoritative in Lutheranism since the 16th century. However, the Book of Concord is a confessional document (stating orthodox belief) rather than a book of ecclesiastical rules or discipline...
Beginning in what century was the Book of Concord a central part of the Lutheran Church?
{ "text": [ "16th" ], "answer_start": [ 168 ] }
56e1189acd28a01900c675a3
Canon_law
The Book of Concord is the historic doctrinal statement of the Lutheran Church, consisting of ten credal documents recognized as authoritative in Lutheranism since the 16th century. However, the Book of Concord is a confessional document (stating orthodox belief) rather than a book of ecclesiastical rules or discipline...
What kind of statement is the Book of Concord?
{ "text": [ "confessional" ], "answer_start": [ 216 ] }
56e1189acd28a01900c675a4
Canon_law
The Book of Concord is the historic doctrinal statement of the Lutheran Church, consisting of ten credal documents recognized as authoritative in Lutheranism since the 16th century. However, the Book of Concord is a confessional document (stating orthodox belief) rather than a book of ecclesiastical rules or discipline...
What are the legislative systems of various Lutheran institutions called?
{ "text": [ "canons" ], "answer_start": [ 460 ] }
56e1189acd28a01900c675a5
Canon_law
The Book of Concord is the historic doctrinal statement of the Lutheran Church, consisting of ten credal documents recognized as authoritative in Lutheranism since the 16th century. However, the Book of Concord is a confessional document (stating orthodox belief) rather than a book of ecclesiastical rules or discipline...
What kind of belief is the subject of the Book of Concord?
{ "text": [ "orthodox" ], "answer_start": [ 247 ] }
56e0f1cd231d4119001ac494
Communications_in_Somalia
Communications in Somalia encompasses the communications services and capacity of Somalia. Telecommunications, internet, radio, print, television and postal services in the nation are largely concentrated in the private sector. Several of the telecom firms have begun expanding their activities abroad. The Federal gover...
How many official radio and television networks does the government of Somalia operate?
{ "text": [ "two" ], "answer_start": [ 335 ] }
56e0f1cd231d4119001ac495
Communications_in_Somalia
Communications in Somalia encompasses the communications services and capacity of Somalia. Telecommunications, internet, radio, print, television and postal services in the nation are largely concentrated in the private sector. Several of the telecom firms have begun expanding their activities abroad. The Federal gover...
Are communication services in Somalia mainly located in the public or private sector?
{ "text": [ "private" ], "answer_start": [ 212 ] }
56e0f1cd231d4119001ac496
Communications_in_Somalia
Communications in Somalia encompasses the communications services and capacity of Somalia. Telecommunications, internet, radio, print, television and postal services in the nation are largely concentrated in the private sector. Several of the telecom firms have begun expanding their activities abroad. The Federal gover...
As internet access increases, news media and online portals replace what form of media?
{ "text": [ "Print media" ], "answer_start": [ 443 ] }
56e0f1cd231d4119001ac497
Communications_in_Somalia
Communications in Somalia encompasses the communications services and capacity of Somalia. Telecommunications, internet, radio, print, television and postal services in the nation are largely concentrated in the private sector. Several of the telecom firms have begun expanding their activities abroad. The Federal gover...
What year was the national postal service of Somalia relaunched?
{ "text": [ "2013" ], "answer_start": [ 676 ] }
56e0f1cd231d4119001ac498
Communications_in_Somalia
Communications in Somalia encompasses the communications services and capacity of Somalia. Telecommunications, internet, radio, print, television and postal services in the nation are largely concentrated in the private sector. Several of the telecom firms have begun expanding their activities abroad. The Federal gover...
In 2012, what act was approved to establish a National Communications regulator?
{ "text": [ "National Communications Act" ], "answer_start": [ 714 ] }
56e10cc5cd28a01900c674cd
Communications_in_Somalia
Communications in Somalia encompasses the communications services and capacity of Somalia. Telecommunications, internet, radio, print, television and postal services in the nation are largely concentrated in the private sector. Several of the telecom firms have begun expanding their activities abroad. The Federal gover...
Are communications services in Somalia mostly concentrated in the public or private sector?
{ "text": [ "private" ], "answer_start": [ 212 ] }
56e1b286cd28a01900c67a7a
Communications_in_Somalia
Communications in Somalia encompasses the communications services and capacity of Somalia. Telecommunications, internet, radio, print, television and postal services in the nation are largely concentrated in the private sector. Several of the telecom firms have begun expanding their activities abroad. The Federal gover...
Communications in Somalia are mostly concentrated in what sector?
{ "text": [ "private" ], "answer_start": [ 212 ] }
56e1b286cd28a01900c67a7b
Communications_in_Somalia
Communications in Somalia encompasses the communications services and capacity of Somalia. Telecommunications, internet, radio, print, television and postal services in the nation are largely concentrated in the private sector. Several of the telecom firms have begun expanding their activities abroad. The Federal gover...
How many official rado iand TV networks does the governemt of Somalia run?
{ "text": [ "two" ], "answer_start": [ 335 ] }
56e1b286cd28a01900c67a7c
Communications_in_Somalia
Communications in Somalia encompasses the communications services and capacity of Somalia. Telecommunications, internet, radio, print, television and postal services in the nation are largely concentrated in the private sector. Several of the telecom firms have begun expanding their activities abroad. The Federal gover...
What type of media decreases and internet connectivity increases?
{ "text": [ "Print media" ], "answer_start": [ 443 ] }
56e1b286cd28a01900c67a7d
Communications_in_Somalia
Communications in Somalia encompasses the communications services and capacity of Somalia. Telecommunications, internet, radio, print, television and postal services in the nation are largely concentrated in the private sector. Several of the telecom firms have begun expanding their activities abroad. The Federal gover...
What types of media increases as internet connectivity and access increases?
{ "text": [ "radio stations and online portals" ], "answer_start": [ 511 ] }
56e1b286cd28a01900c67a7e
Communications_in_Somalia
Communications in Somalia encompasses the communications services and capacity of Somalia. Telecommunications, internet, radio, print, television and postal services in the nation are largely concentrated in the private sector. Several of the telecom firms have begun expanding their activities abroad. The Federal gover...
What year is the postal service in Somalia set to relaunch?
{ "text": [ "2013" ], "answer_start": [ 676 ] }
56e0f607231d4119001ac4e5
Communications_in_Somalia
After the start of the civil war, various new telecommunications companies began to spring up in the country and competed to provide missing infrastructure. Somalia now offers some of the most technologically advanced and competitively priced telecommunications and internet services in the world. Funded by Somali entre...
Who funded the new telecommunications firms in Somalia?
{ "text": [ "Somali entrepreneurs" ], "answer_start": [ 308 ] }
56e0f607231d4119001ac4e6
Communications_in_Somalia
After the start of the civil war, various new telecommunications companies began to spring up in the country and competed to provide missing infrastructure. Somalia now offers some of the most technologically advanced and competitively priced telecommunications and internet services in the world. Funded by Somali entre...
China, Korea, and Europe lent what to the creation of the new firms.
{ "text": [ "expertise" ], "answer_start": [ 343 ] }
56e0f607231d4119001ac4e7
Communications_in_Somalia
After the start of the civil war, various new telecommunications companies began to spring up in the country and competed to provide missing infrastructure. Somalia now offers some of the most technologically advanced and competitively priced telecommunications and internet services in the world. Funded by Somali entre...
What do the new telecommunications firms in Somalia offer that is not available in many other parts of the continent?
{ "text": [ "affordable mobile phone and internet services" ], "answer_start": [ 428 ] }
56e0f607231d4119001ac4e8
Communications_in_Somalia
After the start of the civil war, various new telecommunications companies began to spring up in the country and competed to provide missing infrastructure. Somalia now offers some of the most technologically advanced and competitively priced telecommunications and internet services in the world. Funded by Somali entre...
Money transfers and wireless internet are two things that customers can now accomplish via what?
{ "text": [ "mobile phones" ], "answer_start": [ 647 ] }
56e1b39fcd28a01900c67a84
Communications_in_Somalia
After the start of the civil war, various new telecommunications companies began to spring up in the country and competed to provide missing infrastructure. Somalia now offers some of the most technologically advanced and competitively priced telecommunications and internet services in the world. Funded by Somali entre...
When the civil war began, many telecomunications companies were created to provide missing what?
{ "text": [ "infrastructure" ], "answer_start": [ 141 ] }
56e1b4f3cd28a01900c67a98
Communications_in_Somalia
After forming partnerships with multinational corporations such as Sprint, ITT and Telenor, these firms now offer the cheapest and clearest phone calls in Africa. These Somali telecommunication companies also provide services to every city, town and hamlet in Somalia. There are presently around 25 mainlines per 1,000 p...
Sprint, ITT, and Telenor are examples of what?
{ "text": [ "multinational corporations" ], "answer_start": [ 32 ] }
56e1b4f3cd28a01900c67a99
Communications_in_Somalia
After forming partnerships with multinational corporations such as Sprint, ITT and Telenor, these firms now offer the cheapest and clearest phone calls in Africa. These Somali telecommunication companies also provide services to every city, town and hamlet in Somalia. There are presently around 25 mainlines per 1,000 p...
Who provides service to every City, town, and hamlet in Somalia?
{ "text": [ "Somali telecommunication companies" ], "answer_start": [ 169 ] }
56e1b4f3cd28a01900c67a9a
Communications_in_Somalia
After forming partnerships with multinational corporations such as Sprint, ITT and Telenor, these firms now offer the cheapest and clearest phone calls in Africa. These Somali telecommunication companies also provide services to every city, town and hamlet in Somalia. There are presently around 25 mainlines per 1,000 p...
aproximately how many main lines are there per 1000 people?
{ "text": [ "25" ], "answer_start": [ 296 ] }
56e1b4f3cd28a01900c67a9b
Communications_in_Somalia
After forming partnerships with multinational corporations such as Sprint, ITT and Telenor, these firms now offer the cheapest and clearest phone calls in Africa. These Somali telecommunication companies also provide services to every city, town and hamlet in Somalia. There are presently around 25 mainlines per 1,000 p...
what is another word for availability of telephone lines?
{ "text": [ "tele-density" ], "answer_start": [ 375 ] }
56e1b4f3cd28a01900c67a9c
Communications_in_Somalia
After forming partnerships with multinational corporations such as Sprint, ITT and Telenor, these firms now offer the cheapest and clearest phone calls in Africa. These Somali telecommunication companies also provide services to every city, town and hamlet in Somalia. There are presently around 25 mainlines per 1,000 p...
How much does Hormuud Telecom gross per year?
{ "text": [ "$40 million" ], "answer_start": [ 683 ] }
56e1b646e3433e14004230cc
Communications_in_Somalia
In 2008, Dahabshiil Group acquired a majority stake in Somtel Network, a Hargeisa-based telecommunications firm specialising in high speed broadband, mobile internet, LTE services, mobile money transfer and mobile phone services. The acquisition provided Dahabshiil with the necessary platform for a subsequent expansion...
What year did Dahabhiil acquire the majority of Somtal network?
{ "text": [ "2008" ], "answer_start": [ 3 ] }
56e1b646e3433e14004230cd
Communications_in_Somalia
In 2008, Dahabshiil Group acquired a majority stake in Somtel Network, a Hargeisa-based telecommunications firm specialising in high speed broadband, mobile internet, LTE services, mobile money transfer and mobile phone services. The acquisition provided Dahabshiil with the necessary platform for a subsequent expansion...
Where is Somtal network located?
{ "text": [ "Hargeisa" ], "answer_start": [ 73 ] }
56e1b646e3433e14004230ce
Communications_in_Somalia
In 2008, Dahabshiil Group acquired a majority stake in Somtel Network, a Hargeisa-based telecommunications firm specialising in high speed broadband, mobile internet, LTE services, mobile money transfer and mobile phone services. The acquisition provided Dahabshiil with the necessary platform for a subsequent expansion...
Buying Somtal Network allowed Dahabshiil to expand into what type of banking?
{ "text": [ "mobile banking" ], "answer_start": [ 326 ] }
56e1b646e3433e14004230cf
Communications_in_Somalia
In 2008, Dahabshiil Group acquired a majority stake in Somtel Network, a Hargeisa-based telecommunications firm specialising in high speed broadband, mobile internet, LTE services, mobile money transfer and mobile phone services. The acquisition provided Dahabshiil with the necessary platform for a subsequent expansion...
STC stands for what?
{ "text": [ "Somali Telecommunication Company" ], "answer_start": [ 590 ] }
56e1b646e3433e14004230d0
Communications_in_Somalia
In 2008, Dahabshiil Group acquired a majority stake in Somtel Network, a Hargeisa-based telecommunications firm specialising in high speed broadband, mobile internet, LTE services, mobile money transfer and mobile phone services. The acquisition provided Dahabshiil with the necessary platform for a subsequent expansion...
The STC allows its customers to communicate across how many networks?
{ "text": [ "three" ], "answer_start": [ 411 ] }
56e1b743cd28a01900c67ab6
Communications_in_Somalia
Investment in the telecom industry is held to be one of the clearest signs that Somalia's economy has continued to develop. The sector provides key communication services, and in the process facilitates job creation and income generation.
Investing in what Industry is a sign that Somalia's economy is continuing to improve?
{ "text": [ "telecom industry" ], "answer_start": [ 18 ] }
56e1b743cd28a01900c67ab7
Communications_in_Somalia
Investment in the telecom industry is held to be one of the clearest signs that Somalia's economy has continued to develop. The sector provides key communication services, and in the process facilitates job creation and income generation.
What sector provides key communication services?
{ "text": [ "telecom" ], "answer_start": [ 18 ] }
56e1b8adcd28a01900c67ac6
Communications_in_Somalia
On March 22, 2012, the Somali Cabinet unanimously approved the National Communications Act, which paves the way for the establishment of a National Communications regulator in the broadcasting and telecommunications sectors. The bill was passed following consultations between government representatives and communicatio...
What year was the national Communications act enacted?
{ "text": [ "2012" ], "answer_start": [ 13 ] }
56e1b8adcd28a01900c67ac7
Communications_in_Somalia
On March 22, 2012, the Somali Cabinet unanimously approved the National Communications Act, which paves the way for the establishment of a National Communications regulator in the broadcasting and telecommunications sectors. The bill was passed following consultations between government representatives and communicatio...
What Act clears the way for a National Communications Regulator?
{ "text": [ "the National Communications Act" ], "answer_start": [ 59 ] }
56e1b8adcd28a01900c67ac8
Communications_in_Somalia
On March 22, 2012, the Somali Cabinet unanimously approved the National Communications Act, which paves the way for the establishment of a National Communications regulator in the broadcasting and telecommunications sectors. The bill was passed following consultations between government representatives and communicatio...
What types of stakeholders consulted on the bill to enact the National Communications Act?
{ "text": [ "academic and civil society" ], "answer_start": [ 324 ] }
56e1b8adcd28a01900c67ac9
Communications_in_Somalia
On March 22, 2012, the Somali Cabinet unanimously approved the National Communications Act, which paves the way for the establishment of a National Communications regulator in the broadcasting and telecommunications sectors. The bill was passed following consultations between government representatives and communicatio...
The National Communications Act is expected to create and invironment favorable for what?
{ "text": [ "investment" ], "answer_start": [ 494 ] }
56e1b8adcd28a01900c67aca
Communications_in_Somalia
On March 22, 2012, the Somali Cabinet unanimously approved the National Communications Act, which paves the way for the establishment of a National Communications regulator in the broadcasting and telecommunications sectors. The bill was passed following consultations between government representatives and communicatio...
Continued infrastructure development results in more efficient what?
{ "text": [ "service delivery" ], "answer_start": [ 615 ] }
56e1b959cd28a01900c67ad0
Communications_in_Somalia
The Somali Postal Service (Somali Post) is the national postal service of the Federal Government of Somalia. It is part of the Ministry of Information, Posts and Telecommunication.
What is the name of the Somali postal service?
{ "text": [ "Somali Post" ], "answer_start": [ 4 ] }
56e1b959cd28a01900c67ad1
Communications_in_Somalia
The Somali Postal Service (Somali Post) is the national postal service of the Federal Government of Somalia. It is part of the Ministry of Information, Posts and Telecommunication.
What is the name of the National postal service of Somalia?
{ "text": [ "Somali Post" ], "answer_start": [ 4 ] }
56e1ba62cd28a01900c67aea
Communications_in_Somalia
The national postal infrastructure was completely destroyed during the civil war. In order to fill the vacuum, Somali Post signed an agreement in 2003 with the United Arab Emirates' Emirates Post to process mail to and from Somalia. Emirates Post's mail transit hub at the Dubai International Airport was then used to fo...
When was the infrastructure of the postal service destroyed?
{ "text": [ "during the civil war" ], "answer_start": [ 60 ] }
56e1ba62cd28a01900c67aed
Communications_in_Somalia
The national postal infrastructure was completely destroyed during the civil war. In order to fill the vacuum, Somali Post signed an agreement in 2003 with the United Arab Emirates' Emirates Post to process mail to and from Somalia. Emirates Post's mail transit hub at the Dubai International Airport was then used to fo...
What airport is home to the Emirates post mail hub?
{ "text": [ "Dubai International" ], "answer_start": [ 273 ] }
56e1bbb8cd28a01900c67af2
Communications_in_Somalia
Concurrently, the Somali Transitional Federal Government began preparations to revive the national postal service. The government's overall reconstruction plan for Somali Post is structured into three Phases spread out over a period of ten years. Phase I will see the reconstruction of the postal headquarters and Genera...
How many phases made up the reconstruction plan for the Somali Post?
{ "text": [ "three" ], "answer_start": [ 195 ] }
56e1bbb8cd28a01900c67af3
Communications_in_Somalia
Concurrently, the Somali Transitional Federal Government began preparations to revive the national postal service. The government's overall reconstruction plan for Somali Post is structured into three Phases spread out over a period of ten years. Phase I will see the reconstruction of the postal headquarters and Genera...
Over what period of time did the reconstruction plan for the Somali Post cover?
{ "text": [ "ten years" ], "answer_start": [ 236 ] }
56e1bbb8cd28a01900c67af4
Communications_in_Somalia
Concurrently, the Somali Transitional Federal Government began preparations to revive the national postal service. The government's overall reconstruction plan for Somali Post is structured into three Phases spread out over a period of ten years. Phase I will see the reconstruction of the postal headquarters and Genera...
How many branch offices will be constructed in the capital in phase one of the reconstruction plan?
{ "text": [ "16" ], "answer_start": [ 373 ] }
56e1bbb8cd28a01900c67af5
Communications_in_Somalia
Concurrently, the Somali Transitional Federal Government began preparations to revive the national postal service. The government's overall reconstruction plan for Somali Post is structured into three Phases spread out over a period of ten years. Phase I will see the reconstruction of the postal headquarters and Genera...
How many branch offices will be creted in general bases?
{ "text": [ "17" ], "answer_start": [ 410 ] }
56e1bbb8cd28a01900c67af6
Communications_in_Somalia
Concurrently, the Somali Transitional Federal Government began preparations to revive the national postal service. The government's overall reconstruction plan for Somali Post is structured into three Phases spread out over a period of ten years. Phase I will see the reconstruction of the postal headquarters and Genera...
What year did Somali authorities rejoin the Universal Postal Union?
{ "text": [ "2012" ], "answer_start": [ 444 ] }
56e1bc7ae3433e140042310e
Communications_in_Somalia
On 1 November 2013, international postal services for Somalia officially resumed. The Universal Postal Union is now assisting the Somali Postal Service to develop its capacity, including providing technical assistance and basic mail processing equipment.
What year did postal service in Somalia resume?
{ "text": [ "2013" ], "answer_start": [ 14 ] }
56e1bc7ae3433e140042310f
Communications_in_Somalia
On 1 November 2013, international postal services for Somalia officially resumed. The Universal Postal Union is now assisting the Somali Postal Service to develop its capacity, including providing technical assistance and basic mail processing equipment.
Who is helping the Somali Postal service reach its capacity?
{ "text": [ "Universal Postal Union" ], "answer_start": [ 86 ] }
56e1bc7ae3433e1400423110
Communications_in_Somalia
On 1 November 2013, international postal services for Somalia officially resumed. The Universal Postal Union is now assisting the Somali Postal Service to develop its capacity, including providing technical assistance and basic mail processing equipment.
What type of assistance does the postal union provide?
{ "text": [ "technical" ], "answer_start": [ 197 ] }
56e1bc7ae3433e1400423111
Communications_in_Somalia
On 1 November 2013, international postal services for Somalia officially resumed. The Universal Postal Union is now assisting the Somali Postal Service to develop its capacity, including providing technical assistance and basic mail processing equipment.
What type of equipment does the postal union provide?
{ "text": [ "basic mail processing equipment" ], "answer_start": [ 222 ] }
56e1be09cd28a01900c67b04
Communications_in_Somalia
There are a number of radio news agencies based in Somalia. Established during the colonial period, Radio Mogadishu initially broadcast news items in both Somali and Italian. The station was modernized with Russian assistance following independence in 1960, and began offering home service in Somali, Amharic and Oromo. ...
When was Radio Mogadishu established?
{ "text": [ "during the colonial period" ], "answer_start": [ 72 ] }
56e1be09cd28a01900c67b05
Communications_in_Somalia
There are a number of radio news agencies based in Somalia. Established during the colonial period, Radio Mogadishu initially broadcast news items in both Somali and Italian. The station was modernized with Russian assistance following independence in 1960, and began offering home service in Somali, Amharic and Oromo. ...
What languages di Radio Mogadishu originally broadcast in?
{ "text": [ "Somali and Italian" ], "answer_start": [ 155 ] }
56e1be09cd28a01900c67b06
Communications_in_Somalia
There are a number of radio news agencies based in Somalia. Established during the colonial period, Radio Mogadishu initially broadcast news items in both Somali and Italian. The station was modernized with Russian assistance following independence in 1960, and began offering home service in Somali, Amharic and Oromo. ...
What countrys assistance helped Radio Mogadishu modernize?
{ "text": [ "Russian assistance" ], "answer_start": [ 207 ] }
56e1be09cd28a01900c67b07
Communications_in_Somalia
There are a number of radio news agencies based in Somalia. Established during the colonial period, Radio Mogadishu initially broadcast news items in both Somali and Italian. The station was modernized with Russian assistance following independence in 1960, and began offering home service in Somali, Amharic and Oromo. ...
What type of services were offered in Somali, Amharic, and Oromo?
{ "text": [ "home service" ], "answer_start": [ 277 ] }
56e1bf20e3433e1400423120
Communications_in_Somalia
Other radio stations based in Mogadishu include Mustaqbal Media corporation and the Shabelle Media Network, the latter of which was in 2010 awarded the Media of the Year prize by the Paris-based journalism organisation, Reporters Without Borders (RSF). In total, about one short-wave and ten private FM radio stations br...
Mustaqbal Media Corporation is based where?
{ "text": [ "Mogadishu" ], "answer_start": [ 30 ] }
56e1bf20e3433e1400423121
Communications_in_Somalia
Other radio stations based in Mogadishu include Mustaqbal Media corporation and the Shabelle Media Network, the latter of which was in 2010 awarded the Media of the Year prize by the Paris-based journalism organisation, Reporters Without Borders (RSF). In total, about one short-wave and ten private FM radio stations br...
In what year was Shabelle Media network awarded the media of the year prize?
{ "text": [ "2010" ], "answer_start": [ 135 ] }