id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringlengths 3 59 | context stringlengths 151 3.71k | question stringlengths 12 217 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
56e7521e37bdd419002c3e69 | Paper | Recycled papers can be made from 100% recycled materials or blended with virgin pulp, although they are (generally) not as strong nor as bright as papers made from the latter. | Recylced papers can be made with what new type of pulp? | {
"text": [
"virgin"
],
"answer_start": [
73
]
} |
56e753fb37bdd419002c3e81 | Paper | Besides the fibres, pulps may contain fillers such as chalk or china clay, which improve its characteristics for printing or writing. Additives for sizing purposes may be mixed with it and/or applied to the paper web later in the manufacturing process; the purpose of such sizing is to establish the correct level of sur... | What type of clay improves the characteristics of the pulps used in papermaking? | {
"text": [
"china clay"
],
"answer_start": [
63
]
} |
56e753fb37bdd419002c3e82 | Paper | Besides the fibres, pulps may contain fillers such as chalk or china clay, which improve its characteristics for printing or writing. Additives for sizing purposes may be mixed with it and/or applied to the paper web later in the manufacturing process; the purpose of such sizing is to establish the correct level of sur... | What is added for sizing purposes? | {
"text": [
"Additives"
],
"answer_start": [
134
]
} |
56e753fb37bdd419002c3e84 | Paper | Besides the fibres, pulps may contain fillers such as chalk or china clay, which improve its characteristics for printing or writing. Additives for sizing purposes may be mixed with it and/or applied to the paper web later in the manufacturing process; the purpose of such sizing is to establish the correct level of sur... | What besides china clay is used as a filler? | {
"text": [
"chalk"
],
"answer_start": [
54
]
} |
56e758c700c9c71400d76fe4 | Paper | Pressing the sheet removes the water by force; once the water is forced from the sheet, a special kind of felt, which is not to be confused with the traditional one, is used to collect the water; whereas when making paper by hand, a blotter sheet is used instead. | How is the water removed by force from a sheet of paper? | {
"text": [
"Pressing"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
56e758c700c9c71400d76fe5 | Paper | Pressing the sheet removes the water by force; once the water is forced from the sheet, a special kind of felt, which is not to be confused with the traditional one, is used to collect the water; whereas when making paper by hand, a blotter sheet is used instead. | What is used to collect the water expelled from pressing? | {
"text": [
"felt"
],
"answer_start": [
106
]
} |
56e758c700c9c71400d76fe6 | Paper | Pressing the sheet removes the water by force; once the water is forced from the sheet, a special kind of felt, which is not to be confused with the traditional one, is used to collect the water; whereas when making paper by hand, a blotter sheet is used instead. | What is used to collect water when hand-making paper? | {
"text": [
"blotter sheet"
],
"answer_start": [
233
]
} |
56e758c700c9c71400d76fe7 | Paper | Pressing the sheet removes the water by force; once the water is forced from the sheet, a special kind of felt, which is not to be confused with the traditional one, is used to collect the water; whereas when making paper by hand, a blotter sheet is used instead. | Besides a blotter sheet, what can be used to collect water? | {
"text": [
"felt"
],
"answer_start": [
106
]
} |
56e759ac37bdd419002c3ebd | Paper | Drying involves using air and/or heat to remove water from the paper sheets; in the earliest days of paper making this was done by hanging the sheets like laundry; in more modern times various forms of heated drying mechanisms are used. On the paper machine the most common is the steam heated can dryer. These can reach... | What is the main component of drying the paper? | {
"text": [
"air"
],
"answer_start": [
22
]
} |
56e759ac37bdd419002c3ec1 | Paper | Drying involves using air and/or heat to remove water from the paper sheets; in the earliest days of paper making this was done by hanging the sheets like laundry; in more modern times various forms of heated drying mechanisms are used. On the paper machine the most common is the steam heated can dryer. These can reach... | At what percentage moisture content is the papermaking process trying to achieve in the end? | {
"text": [
"6"
],
"answer_start": [
479
]
} |
56e75b5300c9c71400d77006 | Paper | Paper at this point is uncoated. Coated paper has a thin layer of material such as calcium carbonate or china clay applied to one or both sides in order to create a surface more suitable for high-resolution halftone screens. (Uncoated papers are rarely suitable for screens above 150 lpi.) Coated or uncoated papers may ... | Besides calcium, coated paper has a thin layer of what? | {
"text": [
"china clay"
],
"answer_start": [
104
]
} |
56e75b5300c9c71400d77008 | Paper | Paper at this point is uncoated. Coated paper has a thin layer of material such as calcium carbonate or china clay applied to one or both sides in order to create a surface more suitable for high-resolution halftone screens. (Uncoated papers are rarely suitable for screens above 150 lpi.) Coated or uncoated papers may ... | What process is done to polish the surface of the paper? | {
"text": [
"calendering"
],
"answer_start": [
352
]
} |
56e75b5300c9c71400d77009 | Paper | Paper at this point is uncoated. Coated paper has a thin layer of material such as calcium carbonate or china clay applied to one or both sides in order to create a surface more suitable for high-resolution halftone screens. (Uncoated papers are rarely suitable for screens above 150 lpi.) Coated or uncoated papers may ... | What is the shiniest type of coated paper? | {
"text": [
"Gloss"
],
"answer_start": [
434
]
} |
56e75b5300c9c71400d7700a | Paper | Paper at this point is uncoated. Coated paper has a thin layer of material such as calcium carbonate or china clay applied to one or both sides in order to create a surface more suitable for high-resolution halftone screens. (Uncoated papers are rarely suitable for screens above 150 lpi.) Coated or uncoated papers may ... | What papers give the best optical density? | {
"text": [
"Gloss"
],
"answer_start": [
434
]
} |
56e75c6637bdd419002c3ee3 | Paper | The paper is then fed onto reels if it is to be used on web printing presses, or cut into sheets for other printing processes or other purposes. The fibres in the paper basically run in the machine direction. Sheets are usually cut "long-grain", i.e. with the grain parallel to the longer dimension of the sheet. | What contraption is used to carry the paper to the web printing presses? | {
"text": [
"reels"
],
"answer_start": [
27
]
} |
56e75c6637bdd419002c3ee4 | Paper | The paper is then fed onto reels if it is to be used on web printing presses, or cut into sheets for other printing processes or other purposes. The fibres in the paper basically run in the machine direction. Sheets are usually cut "long-grain", i.e. with the grain parallel to the longer dimension of the sheet. | In what manner are sheets normally cut? | {
"text": [
"long-grain"
],
"answer_start": [
233
]
} |
56e75c6637bdd419002c3ee6 | Paper | The paper is then fed onto reels if it is to be used on web printing presses, or cut into sheets for other printing processes or other purposes. The fibres in the paper basically run in the machine direction. Sheets are usually cut "long-grain", i.e. with the grain parallel to the longer dimension of the sheet. | If the paper is not to be used in the web printing process, what is done? | {
"text": [
"cut into sheets"
],
"answer_start": [
81
]
} |
56e75d7100c9c71400d77010 | Paper | All paper produced by paper machines as the Fourdrinier Machine are wove paper, i.e. the wire mesh that transports the web leaves a pattern that has the same density along the paper grain and across the grain. Textured finishes, watermarks and wire patterns imitating hand-made laid paper can be created by the use of ap... | What type of paper is produced on a machine like the Fourdrinier? | {
"text": [
"wove paper"
],
"answer_start": [
68
]
} |
56e75d7100c9c71400d77011 | Paper | All paper produced by paper machines as the Fourdrinier Machine are wove paper, i.e. the wire mesh that transports the web leaves a pattern that has the same density along the paper grain and across the grain. Textured finishes, watermarks and wire patterns imitating hand-made laid paper can be created by the use of ap... | What is used to apply watermarks and other patterns? | {
"text": [
"rollers"
],
"answer_start": [
330
]
} |
56e75d7100c9c71400d77012 | Paper | All paper produced by paper machines as the Fourdrinier Machine are wove paper, i.e. the wire mesh that transports the web leaves a pattern that has the same density along the paper grain and across the grain. Textured finishes, watermarks and wire patterns imitating hand-made laid paper can be created by the use of ap... | What is in common with the lentgh along and across the grain of paper produced by a machine such as the Fourdrinier? | {
"text": [
"density"
],
"answer_start": [
158
]
} |
56e75d7100c9c71400d77013 | Paper | All paper produced by paper machines as the Fourdrinier Machine are wove paper, i.e. the wire mesh that transports the web leaves a pattern that has the same density along the paper grain and across the grain. Textured finishes, watermarks and wire patterns imitating hand-made laid paper can be created by the use of ap... | What leaves a pattern on the paper that has a consistent density width and lengthwise? | {
"text": [
"wire mesh"
],
"answer_start": [
89
]
} |
56e75e1200c9c71400d77018 | Paper | Wove paper does not exhibit "laidlines", which are small regular lines left behind on paper when it was handmade in a mould made from rows of metal wires or bamboo. Laidlines are very close together. They run perpendicular to the "chainlines", which are further apart. Handmade paper similarly exhibits "deckle edges", o... | What type of lines does wove paper not exhibit? | {
"text": [
"Laidlines"
],
"answer_start": [
165
]
} |
56e75e1200c9c71400d77019 | Paper | Wove paper does not exhibit "laidlines", which are small regular lines left behind on paper when it was handmade in a mould made from rows of metal wires or bamboo. Laidlines are very close together. They run perpendicular to the "chainlines", which are further apart. Handmade paper similarly exhibits "deckle edges", o... | What are small regular lines left on paper when handmade in a mould? | {
"text": [
"Laidlines"
],
"answer_start": [
165
]
} |
56e75e1200c9c71400d7701b | Paper | Wove paper does not exhibit "laidlines", which are small regular lines left behind on paper when it was handmade in a mould made from rows of metal wires or bamboo. Laidlines are very close together. They run perpendicular to the "chainlines", which are further apart. Handmade paper similarly exhibits "deckle edges", o... | What runs perpendicular to the laidlines? | {
"text": [
"chainlines"
],
"answer_start": [
231
]
} |
56e75e1200c9c71400d7701c | Paper | Wove paper does not exhibit "laidlines", which are small regular lines left behind on paper when it was handmade in a mould made from rows of metal wires or bamboo. Laidlines are very close together. They run perpendicular to the "chainlines", which are further apart. Handmade paper similarly exhibits "deckle edges", o... | Which is lines are commonly higher in density, laidlines or chainlines? | {
"text": [
"Laidlines"
],
"answer_start": [
165
]
} |
56e75f4b37bdd419002c3f09 | Paper | The thickness of paper is often measured by caliper, which is typically given in thousandths of an inch in the United States and in thousandths of a mm in the rest of the world. Paper may be between 0.07 and 0.18 millimetres (0.0028 and 0.0071 in) thick. | What tool is often used in measuring the thickness of paper? | {
"text": [
"caliper"
],
"answer_start": [
44
]
} |
56e75f4b37bdd419002c3f0a | Paper | The thickness of paper is often measured by caliper, which is typically given in thousandths of an inch in the United States and in thousandths of a mm in the rest of the world. Paper may be between 0.07 and 0.18 millimetres (0.0028 and 0.0071 in) thick. | In the United States, what units are used when stating the measurements of paper thickness? | {
"text": [
"thousandths of an inch"
],
"answer_start": [
81
]
} |
56e75f4b37bdd419002c3f0b | Paper | The thickness of paper is often measured by caliper, which is typically given in thousandths of an inch in the United States and in thousandths of a mm in the rest of the world. Paper may be between 0.07 and 0.18 millimetres (0.0028 and 0.0071 in) thick. | Someone measuring the thickness of paper in the UK is likely to use what unit? | {
"text": [
"mm"
],
"answer_start": [
149
]
} |
56e75f4b37bdd419002c3f0d | Paper | The thickness of paper is often measured by caliper, which is typically given in thousandths of an inch in the United States and in thousandths of a mm in the rest of the world. Paper may be between 0.07 and 0.18 millimetres (0.0028 and 0.0071 in) thick. | Sated in inches, what is the common range of paper thickness? | {
"text": [
"0.0028 and 0.0071 in"
],
"answer_start": [
226
]
} |
56e7601000c9c71400d77044 | Paper | Paper is often characterized by weight. In the United States, the weight assigned to a paper is the weight of a ream, 500 sheets, of varying "basic sizes", before the paper is cut into the size it is sold to end customers. For example, a ream of 20 lb, 8.5 in × 11 in (216 mm × 279 mm) paper weighs 5 pounds, because it ... | What characteristic is paper usually classified by? | {
"text": [
"weight"
],
"answer_start": [
32
]
} |
56e7601000c9c71400d77045 | Paper | Paper is often characterized by weight. In the United States, the weight assigned to a paper is the weight of a ream, 500 sheets, of varying "basic sizes", before the paper is cut into the size it is sold to end customers. For example, a ream of 20 lb, 8.5 in × 11 in (216 mm × 279 mm) paper weighs 5 pounds, because it ... | In the US, the weight of what is used to classify paper for sale? | {
"text": [
"a ream"
],
"answer_start": [
110
]
} |
56e7601000c9c71400d77046 | Paper | Paper is often characterized by weight. In the United States, the weight assigned to a paper is the weight of a ream, 500 sheets, of varying "basic sizes", before the paper is cut into the size it is sold to end customers. For example, a ream of 20 lb, 8.5 in × 11 in (216 mm × 279 mm) paper weighs 5 pounds, because it ... | Paper rated at over 110lb is considered what type of stock? | {
"text": [
"card"
],
"answer_start": [
518
]
} |
56e7621400c9c71400d77068 | Paper | In Europe, and other regions using the ISO 216 paper sizing system, the weight is expressed in grammes per square metre (g/m2 or usually just g) of the paper. Printing paper is generally between 60 g and 120 g. Anything heavier than 160 g is considered card. The weight of a ream therefore depends on the dimensions of t... | What ISO sizing system does Europe use? | {
"text": [
"ISO 216"
],
"answer_start": [
39
]
} |
56e7621400c9c71400d7706b | Paper | In Europe, and other regions using the ISO 216 paper sizing system, the weight is expressed in grammes per square metre (g/m2 or usually just g) of the paper. Printing paper is generally between 60 g and 120 g. Anything heavier than 160 g is considered card. The weight of a ream therefore depends on the dimensions of t... | If paper is over 160g what is it considered as? | {
"text": [
"card"
],
"answer_start": [
253
]
} |
56e7621400c9c71400d7706c | Paper | In Europe, and other regions using the ISO 216 paper sizing system, the weight is expressed in grammes per square metre (g/m2 or usually just g) of the paper. Printing paper is generally between 60 g and 120 g. Anything heavier than 160 g is considered card. The weight of a ream therefore depends on the dimensions of t... | Besides thickness, what attribute is used in stating the weight of a ream in Europe? | {
"text": [
"dimensions"
],
"answer_start": [
305
]
} |
56e7627c37bdd419002c3f1d | Paper | Most commercial paper sold in North America is cut to standard paper sizes based on customary units and is defined by the length and width of a sheet of paper. | Commercial paper is commonly defined by what? | {
"text": [
"length and width"
],
"answer_start": [
122
]
} |
56e7627c37bdd419002c3f1e | Paper | Most commercial paper sold in North America is cut to standard paper sizes based on customary units and is defined by the length and width of a sheet of paper. | Most commercial paper in North America is cut in what manner? | {
"text": [
"standard paper sizes"
],
"answer_start": [
54
]
} |
56e7627c37bdd419002c3f1f | Paper | Most commercial paper sold in North America is cut to standard paper sizes based on customary units and is defined by the length and width of a sheet of paper. | Standard paper sizes are usually described with what terms? | {
"text": [
"length and width"
],
"answer_start": [
122
]
} |
56e7632700c9c71400d7707c | Paper | The ISO 216 system used in most other countries is based on the surface area of a sheet of paper, not on a sheet's width and length. It was first adopted in Germany in 1922 and generally spread as nations adopted the metric system. The largest standard size paper is A0 (A zero), measuring one square meter (approx. 1189... | Most countries besides the US use what ISO System? | {
"text": [
"ISO 216"
],
"answer_start": [
4
]
} |
56e7632700c9c71400d7707d | Paper | The ISO 216 system used in most other countries is based on the surface area of a sheet of paper, not on a sheet's width and length. It was first adopted in Germany in 1922 and generally spread as nations adopted the metric system. The largest standard size paper is A0 (A zero), measuring one square meter (approx. 1189... | What country first adopted the ISO 216 standard? | {
"text": [
"Germany"
],
"answer_start": [
157
]
} |
56e7632700c9c71400d7707e | Paper | The ISO 216 system used in most other countries is based on the surface area of a sheet of paper, not on a sheet's width and length. It was first adopted in Germany in 1922 and generally spread as nations adopted the metric system. The largest standard size paper is A0 (A zero), measuring one square meter (approx. 1189... | What is the largest standard size paper? | {
"text": [
"A0"
],
"answer_start": [
267
]
} |
56e7632700c9c71400d7707f | Paper | The ISO 216 system used in most other countries is based on the surface area of a sheet of paper, not on a sheet's width and length. It was first adopted in Germany in 1922 and generally spread as nations adopted the metric system. The largest standard size paper is A0 (A zero), measuring one square meter (approx. 1189... | How many sheets of A1 paper would cover one single piece of A0 paper? | {
"text": [
"2"
],
"answer_start": [
8
]
} |
56e7632700c9c71400d77080 | Paper | The ISO 216 system used in most other countries is based on the surface area of a sheet of paper, not on a sheet's width and length. It was first adopted in Germany in 1922 and generally spread as nations adopted the metric system. The largest standard size paper is A0 (A zero), measuring one square meter (approx. 1189... | What is the lowest numbered A paper that is commonly used at home? | {
"text": [
"A3"
],
"answer_start": [
552
]
} |
56e763f737bdd419002c3f2d | Paper | The density of paper ranges from 250 kg/m3 (16 lb/cu ft) for tissue paper to 1,500 kg/m3 (94 lb/cu ft) for some speciality paper. Printing paper is about 800 kg/m3 (50 lb/cu ft). | What is the lightest density of paper produced? | {
"text": [
"tissue paper"
],
"answer_start": [
61
]
} |
56e763f737bdd419002c3f2e | Paper | The density of paper ranges from 250 kg/m3 (16 lb/cu ft) for tissue paper to 1,500 kg/m3 (94 lb/cu ft) for some speciality paper. Printing paper is about 800 kg/m3 (50 lb/cu ft). | What is the common density of printing paper? | {
"text": [
"800 kg/m3"
],
"answer_start": [
154
]
} |
56e7650200c9c71400d77098 | Paper | Much of the early paper made from wood pulp contained significant amounts of alum, a variety of aluminium sulfate salts that is significantly acidic. Alum was added to paper to assist in sizing, making it somewhat water resistant so that inks did not "run" or spread uncontrollably. Early papermakers did not realize tha... | What acidic salts were commonly found in the early types of paper produced? | {
"text": [
"Alum"
],
"answer_start": [
150
]
} |
56e7650200c9c71400d77099 | Paper | Much of the early paper made from wood pulp contained significant amounts of alum, a variety of aluminium sulfate salts that is significantly acidic. Alum was added to paper to assist in sizing, making it somewhat water resistant so that inks did not "run" or spread uncontrollably. Early papermakers did not realize tha... | Early papermakers added alum to help in what process? | {
"text": [
"sizing"
],
"answer_start": [
187
]
} |
56e7650200c9c71400d7709b | Paper | Much of the early paper made from wood pulp contained significant amounts of alum, a variety of aluminium sulfate salts that is significantly acidic. Alum was added to paper to assist in sizing, making it somewhat water resistant so that inks did not "run" or spread uncontrollably. Early papermakers did not realize tha... | How was rag paper superior to the early types of paper made using alum? | {
"text": [
"more stable"
],
"answer_start": [
710
]
} |
56e765dc37bdd419002c3f36 | Paper | Paper made from mechanical pulp contains significant amounts of lignin, a major component in wood. In the presence of light and oxygen, lignin reacts to give yellow materials, which is why newsprint and other mechanical paper yellows with age. Paper made from bleached kraft or sulfite pulps does not contain significant... | What particle is associated with the yellowing of newspapers? | {
"text": [
"lignin"
],
"answer_start": [
64
]
} |
56e765dc37bdd419002c3f38 | Paper | Paper made from mechanical pulp contains significant amounts of lignin, a major component in wood. In the presence of light and oxygen, lignin reacts to give yellow materials, which is why newsprint and other mechanical paper yellows with age. Paper made from bleached kraft or sulfite pulps does not contain significant... | A book is likely made with paper that has low amounts of what component of wood? | {
"text": [
"lignin"
],
"answer_start": [
64
]
} |
56e765dc37bdd419002c3f39 | Paper | Paper made from mechanical pulp contains significant amounts of lignin, a major component in wood. In the presence of light and oxygen, lignin reacts to give yellow materials, which is why newsprint and other mechanical paper yellows with age. Paper made from bleached kraft or sulfite pulps does not contain significant... | What does lignin react to to produce the yellowing you see in newspapers? | {
"text": [
"light and oxygen"
],
"answer_start": [
118
]
} |
56e7671700c9c71400d770b9 | Paper | Paper made from wood pulp is not necessarily less durable than a rag paper. The ageing behavior of a paper is determined by its manufacture, not the original source of the fibres. Furthermore, tests sponsored by the Library of Congress prove that all paper is at risk of acid decay, because cellulose itself produces for... | Who sponsored the tests that show that all papers are subject to acid decay? | {
"text": [
"Library of Congress"
],
"answer_start": [
216
]
} |
56e7671700c9c71400d770ba | Paper | Paper made from wood pulp is not necessarily less durable than a rag paper. The ageing behavior of a paper is determined by its manufacture, not the original source of the fibres. Furthermore, tests sponsored by the Library of Congress prove that all paper is at risk of acid decay, because cellulose itself produces for... | Besides formic, acetic, and lactic acid, what type of acid does cellulose produce? | {
"text": [
"oxalic"
],
"answer_start": [
344
]
} |
56e767c137bdd419002c3f5e | Paper | Mechanical pulping yields almost a tonne of pulp per tonne of dry wood used, which is why mechanical pulps are sometimes referred to as "high yield" pulps. With almost twice the yield as chemical pulping, mechanical pulps is often cheaper. Mass-market paperback books and newspapers tend to use mechanical papers. Book p... | How many times more yield does the mechanical pulping process produce when compared to to the chemical pulping process? | {
"text": [
"twice"
],
"answer_start": [
168
]
} |
56e767c137bdd419002c3f5f | Paper | Mechanical pulping yields almost a tonne of pulp per tonne of dry wood used, which is why mechanical pulps are sometimes referred to as "high yield" pulps. With almost twice the yield as chemical pulping, mechanical pulps is often cheaper. Mass-market paperback books and newspapers tend to use mechanical papers. Book p... | What type of process is used to produce most paper used in paperback books? | {
"text": [
"Mechanical"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
56e767c137bdd419002c3f60 | Paper | Mechanical pulping yields almost a tonne of pulp per tonne of dry wood used, which is why mechanical pulps are sometimes referred to as "high yield" pulps. With almost twice the yield as chemical pulping, mechanical pulps is often cheaper. Mass-market paperback books and newspapers tend to use mechanical papers. Book p... | What level of acid is usually found in the paper used by book publishers? | {
"text": [
"acid-free"
],
"answer_start": [
342
]
} |
56e768a600c9c71400d770d4 | Paper | Worldwide consumption of paper has risen by 400% in the past 40 years leading to increase in deforestation, with 35% of harvested trees being used for paper manufacture. Most paper companies also plant trees to help regrow forests. Logging of old growth forests accounts for less than 10% of wood pulp, but is one of the... | In the last 40 years, how much has worldwide paper consumption risen? | {
"text": [
"400%"
],
"answer_start": [
44
]
} |
56e768a600c9c71400d770d5 | Paper | Worldwide consumption of paper has risen by 400% in the past 40 years leading to increase in deforestation, with 35% of harvested trees being used for paper manufacture. Most paper companies also plant trees to help regrow forests. Logging of old growth forests accounts for less than 10% of wood pulp, but is one of the... | What percentage of harvested trees are used in the manufacturing of paper? | {
"text": [
"35%"
],
"answer_start": [
113
]
} |
56e768a600c9c71400d770d6 | Paper | Worldwide consumption of paper has risen by 400% in the past 40 years leading to increase in deforestation, with 35% of harvested trees being used for paper manufacture. Most paper companies also plant trees to help regrow forests. Logging of old growth forests accounts for less than 10% of wood pulp, but is one of the... | What do many paper companies do to ensure the health of forests? | {
"text": [
"plant trees"
],
"answer_start": [
196
]
} |
56e768a600c9c71400d770d7 | Paper | Worldwide consumption of paper has risen by 400% in the past 40 years leading to increase in deforestation, with 35% of harvested trees being used for paper manufacture. Most paper companies also plant trees to help regrow forests. Logging of old growth forests accounts for less than 10% of wood pulp, but is one of the... | What percentage of wood pulp comes from old-growth trees? | {
"text": [
"10%"
],
"answer_start": [
285
]
} |
56e7691537bdd419002c3f6d | Paper | Paper waste accounts for up to 40% of total waste produced in the United States each year, which adds up to 71.6 million tons of paper waste per year in the United States alone. The average office worker in the US prints 31 pages every day. Americans also use on the order of 16 billion paper cups per year. | What percentage of total waste can be attributed to paper? | {
"text": [
"40%"
],
"answer_start": [
31
]
} |
56e7691537bdd419002c3f6e | Paper | Paper waste accounts for up to 40% of total waste produced in the United States each year, which adds up to 71.6 million tons of paper waste per year in the United States alone. The average office worker in the US prints 31 pages every day. Americans also use on the order of 16 billion paper cups per year. | How many millions of tons of paper are wasted in the US each year? | {
"text": [
"71.6 million"
],
"answer_start": [
108
]
} |
56e7691537bdd419002c3f6f | Paper | Paper waste accounts for up to 40% of total waste produced in the United States each year, which adds up to 71.6 million tons of paper waste per year in the United States alone. The average office worker in the US prints 31 pages every day. Americans also use on the order of 16 billion paper cups per year. | How many paper cups are used by Americans each year? | {
"text": [
"16 billion"
],
"answer_start": [
276
]
} |
56e7691537bdd419002c3f70 | Paper | Paper waste accounts for up to 40% of total waste produced in the United States each year, which adds up to 71.6 million tons of paper waste per year in the United States alone. The average office worker in the US prints 31 pages every day. Americans also use on the order of 16 billion paper cups per year. | How many pages are printed by the average office worker in the US each day? | {
"text": [
"31"
],
"answer_start": [
221
]
} |
56e76a5800c9c71400d770f3 | Paper | Conventional bleaching of wood pulp using elemental chlorine produces and releases into the environment large amounts of chlorinated organic compounds, including chlorinated dioxins. Dioxins are recognized as a persistent environmental pollutant, regulated internationally by the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organ... | What process of papermaking is most heavily linked to the pollution? | {
"text": [
"bleaching"
],
"answer_start": [
13
]
} |
56e76a5800c9c71400d770f4 | Paper | Conventional bleaching of wood pulp using elemental chlorine produces and releases into the environment large amounts of chlorinated organic compounds, including chlorinated dioxins. Dioxins are recognized as a persistent environmental pollutant, regulated internationally by the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organ... | How are humans commonly exposed to the byproducts of the bleaching process? | {
"text": [
"through food"
],
"answer_start": [
522
]
} |
56e76a5800c9c71400d770f5 | Paper | Conventional bleaching of wood pulp using elemental chlorine produces and releases into the environment large amounts of chlorinated organic compounds, including chlorinated dioxins. Dioxins are recognized as a persistent environmental pollutant, regulated internationally by the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organ... | Where are dioxins stored in our animal sources of food? | {
"text": [
"fatty tissue"
],
"answer_start": [
626
]
} |
56e76a5800c9c71400d770f6 | Paper | Conventional bleaching of wood pulp using elemental chlorine produces and releases into the environment large amounts of chlorinated organic compounds, including chlorinated dioxins. Dioxins are recognized as a persistent environmental pollutant, regulated internationally by the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organ... | What agency internationally regulates dioxins? | {
"text": [
"the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants"
],
"answer_start": [
276
]
} |
56e76b5600c9c71400d770fc | Paper | Some manufacturers have started using a new, significantly more environmentally friendly alternative to expanded plastic packaging. Made out of paper, and known commercially as paperfoam, the new packaging has very similar mechanical properties to some expanded plastic packaging, but is biodegradable and can also be re... | What product used in the sale ofpaper is newly used by manufacturers in an effort to be more environmentally friendly? | {
"text": [
"paperfoam"
],
"answer_start": [
177
]
} |
56e76b5600c9c71400d770fd | Paper | Some manufacturers have started using a new, significantly more environmentally friendly alternative to expanded plastic packaging. Made out of paper, and known commercially as paperfoam, the new packaging has very similar mechanical properties to some expanded plastic packaging, but is biodegradable and can also be re... | What is the main benefit of using paperfoam over traditional shrink-wrap? | {
"text": [
"biodegradable"
],
"answer_start": [
288
]
} |
56e76b5600c9c71400d770fe | Paper | Some manufacturers have started using a new, significantly more environmentally friendly alternative to expanded plastic packaging. Made out of paper, and known commercially as paperfoam, the new packaging has very similar mechanical properties to some expanded plastic packaging, but is biodegradable and can also be re... | What is paperfoam primarily made of? | {
"text": [
"paper"
],
"answer_start": [
144
]
} |
56e76b5600c9c71400d770ff | Paper | Some manufacturers have started using a new, significantly more environmentally friendly alternative to expanded plastic packaging. Made out of paper, and known commercially as paperfoam, the new packaging has very similar mechanical properties to some expanded plastic packaging, but is biodegradable and can also be re... | How is paperfoam commonly disposed of? | {
"text": [
"recycled"
],
"answer_start": [
318
]
} |
56e76bdd00c9c71400d77104 | Paper | With increasing environmental concerns about synthetic coatings (such as PFOA) and the higher prices of hydrocarbon based petrochemicals, there is a focus on zein (corn protein) as a coating for paper in high grease applications such as popcorn bags. | What is newly used as a coating in high grease applications? | {
"text": [
"corn protein"
],
"answer_start": [
164
]
} |
56e76bdd00c9c71400d77106 | Paper | With increasing environmental concerns about synthetic coatings (such as PFOA) and the higher prices of hydrocarbon based petrochemicals, there is a focus on zein (corn protein) as a coating for paper in high grease applications such as popcorn bags. | Popcorn bags produced modernly are likely to use what type of coating? | {
"text": [
"corn protein"
],
"answer_start": [
164
]
} |
56e76bdd00c9c71400d77107 | Paper | With increasing environmental concerns about synthetic coatings (such as PFOA) and the higher prices of hydrocarbon based petrochemicals, there is a focus on zein (corn protein) as a coating for paper in high grease applications such as popcorn bags. | PFOA is what type of coating? | {
"text": [
"synthetic"
],
"answer_start": [
45
]
} |
56e6b7e56fe0821900b8eb3a | Adult_contemporary_music | Adult contemporary music (AC) is a style of music, ranging from 1960s vocal and 1970s soft rock music to predominantly ballad-heavy music of the present day, with varying degrees of easy listening, pop, soul, rhythm and blues, quiet storm, and rock influence. Adult contemporary is rather a continuation of the easy list... | Along with pop, soul, rhythm and blues, quiet storm, and rock, what musical style influenced adult contemporary? | {
"text": [
"easy listening"
],
"answer_start": [
182
]
} |
56e6b7e56fe0821900b8eb3b | Adult_contemporary_music | Adult contemporary music (AC) is a style of music, ranging from 1960s vocal and 1970s soft rock music to predominantly ballad-heavy music of the present day, with varying degrees of easy listening, pop, soul, rhythm and blues, quiet storm, and rock influence. Adult contemporary is rather a continuation of the easy list... | What was the prevailing style of adult contemporary music in the 1970s? | {
"text": [
"soft rock"
],
"answer_start": [
86
]
} |
56e6b7e56fe0821900b8eb3c | Adult_contemporary_music | Adult contemporary music (AC) is a style of music, ranging from 1960s vocal and 1970s soft rock music to predominantly ballad-heavy music of the present day, with varying degrees of easy listening, pop, soul, rhythm and blues, quiet storm, and rock influence. Adult contemporary is rather a continuation of the easy list... | What type of adult contemporary music was popular in the 1960s? | {
"text": [
"vocal"
],
"answer_start": [
70
]
} |
56e6b7e56fe0821900b8eb3d | Adult_contemporary_music | Adult contemporary music (AC) is a style of music, ranging from 1960s vocal and 1970s soft rock music to predominantly ballad-heavy music of the present day, with varying degrees of easy listening, pop, soul, rhythm and blues, quiet storm, and rock influence. Adult contemporary is rather a continuation of the easy list... | What does the acronym AC stand for? | {
"text": [
"Adult contemporary"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
56e6b7e56fe0821900b8eb3e | Adult_contemporary_music | Adult contemporary music (AC) is a style of music, ranging from 1960s vocal and 1970s soft rock music to predominantly ballad-heavy music of the present day, with varying degrees of easy listening, pop, soul, rhythm and blues, quiet storm, and rock influence. Adult contemporary is rather a continuation of the easy list... | Along with easy listening, adult contemporary is a modern day continuation of what style of music? | {
"text": [
"soft rock"
],
"answer_start": [
86
]
} |
56e6b8436fe0821900b8eb44 | Adult_contemporary_music | Adult contemporary tends to have lush, soothing and highly polished qualities where emphasis on melody and harmonies is accentuated. It is usually melodic enough to get a listener's attention, and is inoffensive and pleasurable enough to work well as background music. Like most of pop music, its songs tend to be writte... | Along with harmonies, what aspect of music is emphasized in adult contemporary? | {
"text": [
"melody"
],
"answer_start": [
96
]
} |
56e6b8436fe0821900b8eb45 | Adult_contemporary_music | Adult contemporary tends to have lush, soothing and highly polished qualities where emphasis on melody and harmonies is accentuated. It is usually melodic enough to get a listener's attention, and is inoffensive and pleasurable enough to work well as background music. Like most of pop music, its songs tend to be writte... | What is the typical structure of an adult contemporary song? | {
"text": [
"verse–chorus structure"
],
"answer_start": [
352
]
} |
56e6b8436fe0821900b8eb46 | Adult_contemporary_music | Adult contemporary tends to have lush, soothing and highly polished qualities where emphasis on melody and harmonies is accentuated. It is usually melodic enough to get a listener's attention, and is inoffensive and pleasurable enough to work well as background music. Like most of pop music, its songs tend to be writte... | With what broader style of music does adult contemporary share its structure? | {
"text": [
"pop music"
],
"answer_start": [
282
]
} |
56e6b8436fe0821900b8eb47 | Adult_contemporary_music | Adult contemporary tends to have lush, soothing and highly polished qualities where emphasis on melody and harmonies is accentuated. It is usually melodic enough to get a listener's attention, and is inoffensive and pleasurable enough to work well as background music. Like most of pop music, its songs tend to be writte... | Along with being pleasurable, what trait makes adult contemporary appropriate for background music? | {
"text": [
"inoffensive"
],
"answer_start": [
200
]
} |
56e6b8c76fe0821900b8eb4c | Adult_contemporary_music | Adult contemporary is heavy on romantic sentimental ballads which mostly use acoustic instruments (though bass guitar is usually used) such as acoustic guitars, pianos, saxophones, and sometimes an orchestral set. The electric guitars are normally faint and high-pitched. However, recent adult contemporary music may usu... | What type of song is frequently seen in the adult contemporary genre? | {
"text": [
"romantic sentimental ballads"
],
"answer_start": [
31
]
} |
56e6b8c76fe0821900b8eb4d | Adult_contemporary_music | Adult contemporary is heavy on romantic sentimental ballads which mostly use acoustic instruments (though bass guitar is usually used) such as acoustic guitars, pianos, saxophones, and sometimes an orchestral set. The electric guitars are normally faint and high-pitched. However, recent adult contemporary music may usu... | Along with synthesizers, what electronic instruments sometimes appear in modern adult contemporary? | {
"text": [
"drum machines"
],
"answer_start": [
378
]
} |
56e6b8c76fe0821900b8eb4e | Adult_contemporary_music | Adult contemporary is heavy on romantic sentimental ballads which mostly use acoustic instruments (though bass guitar is usually used) such as acoustic guitars, pianos, saxophones, and sometimes an orchestral set. The electric guitars are normally faint and high-pitched. However, recent adult contemporary music may usu... | What general type of instruments tend to be used in adult contemporary? | {
"text": [
"acoustic"
],
"answer_start": [
77
]
} |
56e6b8c76fe0821900b8eb4f | Adult_contemporary_music | Adult contemporary is heavy on romantic sentimental ballads which mostly use acoustic instruments (though bass guitar is usually used) such as acoustic guitars, pianos, saxophones, and sometimes an orchestral set. The electric guitars are normally faint and high-pitched. However, recent adult contemporary music may usu... | What electric instrument is often seen in adult contemporary? | {
"text": [
"bass guitar"
],
"answer_start": [
106
]
} |
56e6b8c76fe0821900b8eb50 | Adult_contemporary_music | Adult contemporary is heavy on romantic sentimental ballads which mostly use acoustic instruments (though bass guitar is usually used) such as acoustic guitars, pianos, saxophones, and sometimes an orchestral set. The electric guitars are normally faint and high-pitched. However, recent adult contemporary music may usu... | Along with being faint, what characteristic is usually present in electric guitars used in adult contemporary? | {
"text": [
"high-pitched"
],
"answer_start": [
258
]
} |
56e6b94d6fe0821900b8eb56 | Adult_contemporary_music | AC radio stations may play mainstream music, but they will exclude hip hop, dance tracks, hard rock, and some forms of teen pop, as they are less popular amongst the target demographic of these radio stations, which is intended for an adult audience. AC radio often targets the 25–44 age group, the demographic that has ... | What age group does adult contemporary radio typically focus on? | {
"text": [
"25–44"
],
"answer_start": [
278
]
} |
56e6b94d6fe0821900b8eb57 | Adult_contemporary_music | AC radio stations may play mainstream music, but they will exclude hip hop, dance tracks, hard rock, and some forms of teen pop, as they are less popular amongst the target demographic of these radio stations, which is intended for an adult audience. AC radio often targets the 25–44 age group, the demographic that has ... | Along with teen pop, dance and hard rock, what form of music is typically not heard on AC radio? | {
"text": [
"hip hop"
],
"answer_start": [
67
]
} |
56e6b94d6fe0821900b8eb58 | Adult_contemporary_music | AC radio stations may play mainstream music, but they will exclude hip hop, dance tracks, hard rock, and some forms of teen pop, as they are less popular amongst the target demographic of these radio stations, which is intended for an adult audience. AC radio often targets the 25–44 age group, the demographic that has ... | When did advertisers begin to focus on the adult contemporary age demographic? | {
"text": [
"1960s"
],
"answer_start": [
375
]
} |
56e6b94d6fe0821900b8eb59 | Adult_contemporary_music | AC radio stations may play mainstream music, but they will exclude hip hop, dance tracks, hard rock, and some forms of teen pop, as they are less popular amongst the target demographic of these radio stations, which is intended for an adult audience. AC radio often targets the 25–44 age group, the demographic that has ... | What type of music are AC stations noted as playing less of versus hits of the past? | {
"text": [
"newer music"
],
"answer_start": [
467
]
} |
56e6bfc4de9d37140006800c | Adult_contemporary_music | Over the years, AC has spawned subgenres including "hot AC", "soft AC" (also known as "lite AC"), "urban AC", "rhythmic AC", and "Christian AC" (a softer type of contemporary Christian music). Some stations play only "hot AC", "soft AC", or only one of the variety of subgenres. Therefore, it is not usually considered a... | What is lite AC otherwise known as? | {
"text": [
"soft AC"
],
"answer_start": [
62
]
} |
56e6bfc4de9d37140006800d | Adult_contemporary_music | Over the years, AC has spawned subgenres including "hot AC", "soft AC" (also known as "lite AC"), "urban AC", "rhythmic AC", and "Christian AC" (a softer type of contemporary Christian music). Some stations play only "hot AC", "soft AC", or only one of the variety of subgenres. Therefore, it is not usually considered a... | What is Christian AC a subgenre of? | {
"text": [
"contemporary Christian music"
],
"answer_start": [
162
]
} |
56e6bfc4de9d37140006800e | Adult_contemporary_music | Over the years, AC has spawned subgenres including "hot AC", "soft AC" (also known as "lite AC"), "urban AC", "rhythmic AC", and "Christian AC" (a softer type of contemporary Christian music). Some stations play only "hot AC", "soft AC", or only one of the variety of subgenres. Therefore, it is not usually considered a... | Along with hot, soft, urban and Christian AC, what is another prominent time of adult contemporary music? | {
"text": [
"rhythmic AC"
],
"answer_start": [
111
]
} |
56e6c13ade9d371400068012 | Adult_contemporary_music | Adult contemporary traces its roots to the 1960s easy listening format, which adopted a 70-80% instrumental - 20-30% vocal mix. A few offered 90% instrumentals, and a handful were entirely instrumental. The easy listening format, as it was first known, was born of a desire by some radio stations in the late 1950s and e... | From what decade of easy listening radio does adult contemporary trace its heritage? | {
"text": [
"1960s"
],
"answer_start": [
43
]
} |
56e6c13ade9d371400068013 | Adult_contemporary_music | Adult contemporary traces its roots to the 1960s easy listening format, which adopted a 70-80% instrumental - 20-30% vocal mix. A few offered 90% instrumentals, and a handful were entirely instrumental. The easy listening format, as it was first known, was born of a desire by some radio stations in the late 1950s and e... | Generally speaking, what percentage of music on easy listening stations was instrumental? | {
"text": [
"70-80%"
],
"answer_start": [
88
]
} |
56e6c13ade9d371400068014 | Adult_contemporary_music | Adult contemporary traces its roots to the 1960s easy listening format, which adopted a 70-80% instrumental - 20-30% vocal mix. A few offered 90% instrumentals, and a handful were entirely instrumental. The easy listening format, as it was first known, was born of a desire by some radio stations in the late 1950s and e... | On what date was the Billboard easy listening chart first published? | {
"text": [
"July 17, 1961"
],
"answer_start": [
495
]
} |
56e6c13ade9d371400068015 | Adult_contemporary_music | Adult contemporary traces its roots to the 1960s easy listening format, which adopted a 70-80% instrumental - 20-30% vocal mix. A few offered 90% instrumentals, and a handful were entirely instrumental. The easy listening format, as it was first known, was born of a desire by some radio stations in the late 1950s and e... | How many songs were on the first Billboard easy listening chart? | {
"text": [
"20"
],
"answer_start": [
110
]
} |
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