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56e78bd100c9c71400d77283
Daylight_saving_time
The name of local time typically changes when DST is observed. American English replaces standard with daylight: for example, Pacific Standard Time (PST) becomes Pacific Daylight Time (PDT). In the United Kingdom, the standard term for UK time when advanced by one hour is British Summer Time (BST), and British English ...
What usually changes when a place observes DST?
{ "text": [ "The name of local time" ], "answer_start": [ 0 ] }
56e78bd100c9c71400d77284
Daylight_saving_time
The name of local time typically changes when DST is observed. American English replaces standard with daylight: for example, Pacific Standard Time (PST) becomes Pacific Daylight Time (PDT). In the United Kingdom, the standard term for UK time when advanced by one hour is British Summer Time (BST), and British English ...
What word does American English swap out for "daylight" when referring to time zones?
{ "text": [ "standard" ], "answer_start": [ 89 ] }
56e78bd100c9c71400d77285
Daylight_saving_time
The name of local time typically changes when DST is observed. American English replaces standard with daylight: for example, Pacific Standard Time (PST) becomes Pacific Daylight Time (PDT). In the United Kingdom, the standard term for UK time when advanced by one hour is British Summer Time (BST), and British English ...
In American English, what is the equivalent of Pacific Standard Time?
{ "text": [ "Pacific Daylight Time" ], "answer_start": [ 162 ] }
56e78bd100c9c71400d77286
Daylight_saving_time
The name of local time typically changes when DST is observed. American English replaces standard with daylight: for example, Pacific Standard Time (PST) becomes Pacific Daylight Time (PDT). In the United Kingdom, the standard term for UK time when advanced by one hour is British Summer Time (BST), and British English ...
When the UK changes their clocks forward in the spring, what do they call the time they're then observing?
{ "text": [ "British Summer Time" ], "answer_start": [ 273 ] }
56e78bd100c9c71400d77287
Daylight_saving_time
The name of local time typically changes when DST is observed. American English replaces standard with daylight: for example, Pacific Standard Time (PST) becomes Pacific Daylight Time (PDT). In the United Kingdom, the standard term for UK time when advanced by one hour is British Summer Time (BST), and British English ...
What word is often added to the names of time zones when used in British English?
{ "text": [ "summer" ], "answer_start": [ 338 ] }
56e78dab37bdd419002c411f
Daylight_saving_time
The North American mnemonic "spring forward, fall back" (also "spring ahead ...", "spring up ...", and "... fall behind") helps people remember which direction to shift clocks.
What phrase is often used in North America when speaking about DST?
{ "text": [ "spring forward, fall back" ], "answer_start": [ 29 ] }
56e78dab37bdd419002c4120
Daylight_saving_time
The North American mnemonic "spring forward, fall back" (also "spring ahead ...", "spring up ...", and "... fall behind") helps people remember which direction to shift clocks.
What is a language like "spring forward, fall back" that acts as a trigger for memory called?
{ "text": [ "mnemonic" ], "answer_start": [ 19 ] }
56e78dab37bdd419002c4121
Daylight_saving_time
The North American mnemonic "spring forward, fall back" (also "spring ahead ...", "spring up ...", and "... fall behind") helps people remember which direction to shift clocks.
What does "spring forward, fall back" help people remember?
{ "text": [ "which direction to shift clocks" ], "answer_start": [ 144 ] }
56e790f337bdd419002c4153
Daylight_saving_time
Changes to DST rules cause problems in existing computer installations. For example, the 2007 change to DST rules in North America required many computer systems to be upgraded, with the greatest impact on email and calendaring programs; the upgrades consumed a significant effort by corporate information technologists.
What can cause issues with installed computer systems?
{ "text": [ "Changes to DST rules" ], "answer_start": [ 0 ] }
56e790f337bdd419002c4154
Daylight_saving_time
Changes to DST rules cause problems in existing computer installations. For example, the 2007 change to DST rules in North America required many computer systems to be upgraded, with the greatest impact on email and calendaring programs; the upgrades consumed a significant effort by corporate information technologists.
What year did DST rules change in North America?
{ "text": [ "2007" ], "answer_start": [ 89 ] }
56e790f337bdd419002c4155
Daylight_saving_time
Changes to DST rules cause problems in existing computer installations. For example, the 2007 change to DST rules in North America required many computer systems to be upgraded, with the greatest impact on email and calendaring programs; the upgrades consumed a significant effort by corporate information technologists.
What did many existing computer systems that relied on time zones need because of the DST rule changes?
{ "text": [ "upgrades" ], "answer_start": [ 242 ] }
56e790f337bdd419002c4156
Daylight_saving_time
Changes to DST rules cause problems in existing computer installations. For example, the 2007 change to DST rules in North America required many computer systems to be upgraded, with the greatest impact on email and calendaring programs; the upgrades consumed a significant effort by corporate information technologists.
In addition to calendaring programs, what kind of programs were most impacted by the changes?
{ "text": [ "email" ], "answer_start": [ 206 ] }
56e790f337bdd419002c4157
Daylight_saving_time
Changes to DST rules cause problems in existing computer installations. For example, the 2007 change to DST rules in North America required many computer systems to be upgraded, with the greatest impact on email and calendaring programs; the upgrades consumed a significant effort by corporate information technologists.
Which professionals bore the brunt of the effort to upgrade systems affected by time changes?
{ "text": [ "corporate information technologists" ], "answer_start": [ 284 ] }
56e793ad00c9c71400d772f7
Daylight_saving_time
Some applications standardize on UTC to avoid problems with clock shifts and time zone differences. Likewise, most modern operating systems internally handle and store all times as UTC and only convert to local time for display.
What system of time do some applications use so they won't have problems with time changes?
{ "text": [ "UTC" ], "answer_start": [ 33 ] }
56e793ad00c9c71400d772f8
Daylight_saving_time
Some applications standardize on UTC to avoid problems with clock shifts and time zone differences. Likewise, most modern operating systems internally handle and store all times as UTC and only convert to local time for display.
By using UTC, applications get out of adjusting to changes around clock shifts and what other factor?
{ "text": [ "time zone differences" ], "answer_start": [ 77 ] }
56e793ad00c9c71400d772f9
Daylight_saving_time
Some applications standardize on UTC to avoid problems with clock shifts and time zone differences. Likewise, most modern operating systems internally handle and store all times as UTC and only convert to local time for display.
In addition to individual applications, what modern systems that control the basic functions of a computer typically use UTC?
{ "text": [ "operating systems" ], "answer_start": [ 122 ] }
56e793ad00c9c71400d772fa
Daylight_saving_time
Some applications standardize on UTC to avoid problems with clock shifts and time zone differences. Likewise, most modern operating systems internally handle and store all times as UTC and only convert to local time for display.
Where do computers usually use UTC?
{ "text": [ "internally" ], "answer_start": [ 140 ] }
56e793ad00c9c71400d772fb
Daylight_saving_time
Some applications standardize on UTC to avoid problems with clock shifts and time zone differences. Likewise, most modern operating systems internally handle and store all times as UTC and only convert to local time for display.
What time would a computer probably use for the clock display?
{ "text": [ "local time" ], "answer_start": [ 205 ] }
56e795ee37bdd419002c41a4
Daylight_saving_time
However, even if UTC is used internally, the systems still require information on time zones to correctly calculate local time where it is needed. Many systems in use today base their date/time calculations from data derived from the IANA time zone database also known as zoneinfo.
Where do most systems go to get the data they use to calculate local time?
{ "text": [ "the IANA time zone database" ], "answer_start": [ 230 ] }
56e795ee37bdd419002c41a5
Daylight_saving_time
However, even if UTC is used internally, the systems still require information on time zones to correctly calculate local time where it is needed. Many systems in use today base their date/time calculations from data derived from the IANA time zone database also known as zoneinfo.
What two specific points of data do systems need to figure out to get local time?
{ "text": [ "date/time" ], "answer_start": [ 184 ] }
56e795ee37bdd419002c41a6
Daylight_saving_time
However, even if UTC is used internally, the systems still require information on time zones to correctly calculate local time where it is needed. Many systems in use today base their date/time calculations from data derived from the IANA time zone database also known as zoneinfo.
What's another name for the IANA database?
{ "text": [ "zoneinfo" ], "answer_start": [ 272 ] }
56e798c700c9c71400d77347
Daylight_saving_time
The IANA time zone database maps a name to the named location's historical and predicted clock shifts. This database is used by many computer software systems, including most Unix-like operating systems, Java, and the Oracle RDBMS; HP's "tztab" database is similar but incompatible. When temporal authorities change DST ...
The IANA database works by connecting names to what information about the location?
{ "text": [ "historical and predicted clock shifts" ], "answer_start": [ 64 ] }
56e798c700c9c71400d77348
Daylight_saving_time
The IANA time zone database maps a name to the named location's historical and predicted clock shifts. This database is used by many computer software systems, including most Unix-like operating systems, Java, and the Oracle RDBMS; HP's "tztab" database is similar but incompatible. When temporal authorities change DST ...
IANA, or zoneinfo, updates are installed as a part of what ordinary function when changes to DST policy are made?
{ "text": [ "system maintenance" ], "answer_start": [ 378 ] }
56e798c700c9c71400d77349
Daylight_saving_time
The IANA time zone database maps a name to the named location's historical and predicted clock shifts. This database is used by many computer software systems, including most Unix-like operating systems, Java, and the Oracle RDBMS; HP's "tztab" database is similar but incompatible. When temporal authorities change DST ...
What environment variable defines a location's name?
{ "text": [ "TZ" ], "answer_start": [ 423 ] }
56e798c700c9c71400d7734a
Daylight_saving_time
The IANA time zone database maps a name to the named location's historical and predicted clock shifts. This database is used by many computer software systems, including most Unix-like operating systems, Java, and the Oracle RDBMS; HP's "tztab" database is similar but incompatible. When temporal authorities change DST ...
What format is used to store internal time in systems that use zoneinfo?
{ "text": [ "timezone-independent epoch time" ], "answer_start": [ 799 ] }
56e798c700c9c71400d7734b
Daylight_saving_time
The IANA time zone database maps a name to the named location's historical and predicted clock shifts. This database is used by many computer software systems, including most Unix-like operating systems, Java, and the Oracle RDBMS; HP's "tztab" database is similar but incompatible. When temporal authorities change DST ...
What's the name of the HP database that's similar to IANA but not compatible with it?
{ "text": [ "tztab" ], "answer_start": [ 238 ] }
56e79ae000c9c71400d77379
Daylight_saving_time
Older or stripped-down systems may support only the TZ values required by POSIX, which specify at most one start and end rule explicitly in the value. For example, TZ='EST5EDT,M3.2.0/02:00,M11.1.0/02:00' specifies time for the eastern United States starting in 2007. Such a TZ value must be changed whenever DST rules ch...
Less sophisticated systems might just support a TZ value with one start rule and how many end rules?
{ "text": [ "one" ], "answer_start": [ 103 ] }
56e79ae000c9c71400d7737a
Daylight_saving_time
Older or stripped-down systems may support only the TZ values required by POSIX, which specify at most one start and end rule explicitly in the value. For example, TZ='EST5EDT,M3.2.0/02:00,M11.1.0/02:00' specifies time for the eastern United States starting in 2007. Such a TZ value must be changed whenever DST rules ch...
When must TZ values be changed on an older system?
{ "text": [ "whenever DST rules change" ], "answer_start": [ 299 ] }
56e79ae000c9c71400d7737b
Daylight_saving_time
Older or stripped-down systems may support only the TZ values required by POSIX, which specify at most one start and end rule explicitly in the value. For example, TZ='EST5EDT,M3.2.0/02:00,M11.1.0/02:00' specifies time for the eastern United States starting in 2007. Such a TZ value must be changed whenever DST rules ch...
What does the TZ value EST5EDT,M3.2.0/02:00,M11.1.0/02:00 specify?
{ "text": [ "time for the eastern United States starting in 2007" ], "answer_start": [ 214 ] }
56e79ae000c9c71400d7737c
Daylight_saving_time
Older or stripped-down systems may support only the TZ values required by POSIX, which specify at most one start and end rule explicitly in the value. For example, TZ='EST5EDT,M3.2.0/02:00,M11.1.0/02:00' specifies time for the eastern United States starting in 2007. Such a TZ value must be changed whenever DST rules ch...
What years will a new TZ value apply to?
{ "text": [ "all years" ], "answer_start": [ 355 ] }
56e79ae000c9c71400d7737d
Daylight_saving_time
Older or stripped-down systems may support only the TZ values required by POSIX, which specify at most one start and end rule explicitly in the value. For example, TZ='EST5EDT,M3.2.0/02:00,M11.1.0/02:00' specifies time for the eastern United States starting in 2007. Such a TZ value must be changed whenever DST rules ch...
What's might a new TZ value mishandle when it changes with new DST rules?
{ "text": [ "older timestamps" ], "answer_start": [ 383 ] }
56e79ed037bdd419002c4267
Daylight_saving_time
As with zoneinfo, a user of Microsoft Windows configures DST by specifying the name of a location, and the operating system then consults a table of rule sets that must be updated when DST rules change. Procedures for specifying the name and updating the table vary with release. Updates are not issued for older version...
Similar to systems using zoneinfo, Microsoft Windows calculates DST by doing what?
{ "text": [ "specifying the name of a location" ], "answer_start": [ 64 ] }
56e79ed037bdd419002c4268
Daylight_saving_time
As with zoneinfo, a user of Microsoft Windows configures DST by specifying the name of a location, and the operating system then consults a table of rule sets that must be updated when DST rules change. Procedures for specifying the name and updating the table vary with release. Updates are not issued for older version...
When does the table of rule sets the Windows operating system uses have to be updated?
{ "text": [ "when DST rules change" ], "answer_start": [ 180 ] }
56e79ed037bdd419002c4269
Daylight_saving_time
As with zoneinfo, a user of Microsoft Windows configures DST by specifying the name of a location, and the operating system then consults a table of rule sets that must be updated when DST rules change. Procedures for specifying the name and updating the table vary with release. Updates are not issued for older version...
If your computer runs Vista, what's the maximum number of start and end rules you can have for each time zone setting?
{ "text": [ "two" ], "answer_start": [ 375 ] }
56e79ed037bdd419002c426a
Daylight_saving_time
As with zoneinfo, a user of Microsoft Windows configures DST by specifying the name of a location, and the operating system then consults a table of rule sets that must be updated when DST rules change. Procedures for specifying the name and updating the table vary with release. Updates are not issued for older version...
If located in Canada somewhere where DST is observed, a system running Vista might mishandle time stamps that are older than what year?
{ "text": [ "1987" ], "answer_start": [ 497 ] }
56e79ed037bdd419002c426b
Daylight_saving_time
As with zoneinfo, a user of Microsoft Windows configures DST by specifying the name of a location, and the operating system then consults a table of rule sets that must be updated when DST rules change. Procedures for specifying the name and updating the table vary with release. Updates are not issued for older version...
On a system running Windows older than Vista, locations in Canada observing DST would only reliably support time stamps from after what year?
{ "text": [ "2006" ], "answer_start": [ 502 ] }
56e7a23000c9c71400d77443
Daylight_saving_time
These limitations have caused problems. For example, before 2005, DST in Israel varied each year and was skipped some years. Windows 95 used rules correct for 1995 only, causing problems in later years. In Windows 98, Microsoft marked Israel as not having DST, forcing Israeli users to shift their computer clocks manual...
What single year did Windows 95 use to apply rules to Israel's time changes?
{ "text": [ "1995" ], "answer_start": [ 159 ] }
56e7a23000c9c71400d77444
Daylight_saving_time
These limitations have caused problems. For example, before 2005, DST in Israel varied each year and was skipped some years. Windows 95 used rules correct for 1995 only, causing problems in later years. In Windows 98, Microsoft marked Israel as not having DST, forcing Israeli users to shift their computer clocks manual...
Because the schedule in Israel was always changing, what did Microsoft do with the release of Windows 98?
{ "text": [ "marked Israel as not having DST" ], "answer_start": [ 228 ] }
56e7a23000c9c71400d77445
Daylight_saving_time
These limitations have caused problems. For example, before 2005, DST in Israel varied each year and was skipped some years. Windows 95 used rules correct for 1995 only, causing problems in later years. In Windows 98, Microsoft marked Israel as not having DST, forcing Israeli users to shift their computer clocks manual...
How often would Israeli users running Windows 98 need to manually adjust the time on their machines to stay current?
{ "text": [ "twice a year" ], "answer_start": [ 323 ] }
56e7a23000c9c71400d77446
Daylight_saving_time
These limitations have caused problems. For example, before 2005, DST in Israel varied each year and was skipped some years. Windows 95 used rules correct for 1995 only, causing problems in later years. In Windows 98, Microsoft marked Israel as not having DST, forcing Israeli users to shift their computer clocks manual...
What law regulated the rules for time shifts in Israel according to the Jewish calendar?
{ "text": [ "The 2005 Israeli Daylight Saving Law" ], "answer_start": [ 337 ] }
56e7a23000c9c71400d77447
Daylight_saving_time
These limitations have caused problems. For example, before 2005, DST in Israel varied each year and was skipped some years. Windows 95 used rules correct for 1995 only, causing problems in later years. In Windows 98, Microsoft marked Israel as not having DST, forcing Israeli users to shift their computer clocks manual...
Although the schedule in Israel became predictable after 2005, there were still problems in Windows until Israel adjusted DST to what calendar in 2013?
{ "text": [ "the Gregorian calendar" ], "answer_start": [ 747 ] }
56e7a89837bdd419002c42dc
Daylight_saving_time
Microsoft Windows keeps the system real-time clock in local time. This causes several problems, including compatibility when multi booting with operating systems that set the clock to UTC, and double-adjusting the clock when multi booting different Windows versions, such as with a rescue boot disk. This approach is a p...
What does Microsoft Windows use internally for its real-time clock?
{ "text": [ "local time" ], "answer_start": [ 54 ] }
56e7a89837bdd419002c42dd
Daylight_saving_time
Microsoft Windows keeps the system real-time clock in local time. This causes several problems, including compatibility when multi booting with operating systems that set the clock to UTC, and double-adjusting the clock when multi booting different Windows versions, such as with a rescue boot disk. This approach is a p...
Not using UTC, Windows can't multi boot with different versions of itself like you'd need to do to use what kind of disk?
{ "text": [ "a rescue boot disk" ], "answer_start": [ 280 ] }
56e7a89837bdd419002c42de
Daylight_saving_time
Microsoft Windows keeps the system real-time clock in local time. This causes several problems, including compatibility when multi booting with operating systems that set the clock to UTC, and double-adjusting the clock when multi booting different Windows versions, such as with a rescue boot disk. This approach is a p...
As opposed to providing support for users to have unique time zone settings, Windows will only allow for what?
{ "text": [ "a single system-wide setting" ], "answer_start": [ 414 ] }
56e7a89837bdd419002c42df
Daylight_saving_time
Microsoft Windows keeps the system real-time clock in local time. This causes several problems, including compatibility when multi booting with operating systems that set the clock to UTC, and double-adjusting the clock when multi booting different Windows versions, such as with a rescue boot disk. This approach is a p...
In what year did Microsoft imply that they would be making changes to support RealTimeIsUniversal in a step towards compatibility with UTC?
{ "text": [ "2008" ], "answer_start": [ 447 ] }
56e7a89837bdd419002c42e0
Daylight_saving_time
Microsoft Windows keeps the system real-time clock in local time. This causes several problems, including compatibility when multi booting with operating systems that set the clock to UTC, and double-adjusting the clock when multi booting different Windows versions, such as with a rescue boot disk. This approach is a p...
Since 2008, at least how many times has Microsoft released fixes for the RealTimeIsUniversal feature?
{ "text": [ "two" ], "answer_start": [ 720 ] }
56e7aac737bdd419002c42f0
Daylight_saving_time
The NTFS file system used by recent versions of Windows stores the file with a UTC time stamp, but displays it corrected to local—or seasonal—time. However, the FAT filesystem commonly used on removable devices stores only the local time. Consequently, when a file is copied from the hard disk onto separate media, its t...
What file system do recent Windows versions use?
{ "text": [ "NTFS" ], "answer_start": [ 4 ] }
56e7aac737bdd419002c42f1
Daylight_saving_time
The NTFS file system used by recent versions of Windows stores the file with a UTC time stamp, but displays it corrected to local—or seasonal—time. However, the FAT filesystem commonly used on removable devices stores only the local time. Consequently, when a file is copied from the hard disk onto separate media, its t...
Under NTFS, what does Windows use for file time stamps in storage?
{ "text": [ "UTC" ], "answer_start": [ 79 ] }
56e7aac737bdd419002c42f3
Daylight_saving_time
The NTFS file system used by recent versions of Windows stores the file with a UTC time stamp, but displays it corrected to local—or seasonal—time. However, the FAT filesystem commonly used on removable devices stores only the local time. Consequently, when a file is copied from the hard disk onto separate media, its t...
What file system do most removable devices use?
{ "text": [ "FAT" ], "answer_start": [ 161 ] }
56e7aac737bdd419002c42f4
Daylight_saving_time
The NTFS file system used by recent versions of Windows stores the file with a UTC time stamp, but displays it corrected to local—or seasonal—time. However, the FAT filesystem commonly used on removable devices stores only the local time. Consequently, when a file is copied from the hard disk onto separate media, its t...
What time will a file be set to if it's copied from the hard disk onto other media?
{ "text": [ "current local time" ], "answer_start": [ 343 ] }
56e7adc800c9c71400d774cb
Daylight_saving_time
A move to "permanent daylight saving time" (staying on summer hours all year with no time shifts) is sometimes advocated, and has in fact been implemented in some jurisdictions such as Argentina, Chile, Iceland, Singapore, Uzbekistan and Belarus. Advocates cite the same advantages as normal DST without the problems ass...
What phrase describes keeping adjusted summer hours year-round?
{ "text": [ "permanent daylight saving time" ], "answer_start": [ 11 ] }
56e7adc800c9c71400d774cc
Daylight_saving_time
A move to "permanent daylight saving time" (staying on summer hours all year with no time shifts) is sometimes advocated, and has in fact been implemented in some jurisdictions such as Argentina, Chile, Iceland, Singapore, Uzbekistan and Belarus. Advocates cite the same advantages as normal DST without the problems ass...
Proponents of permanent DST say it has all the advantages of regular DST without the issues some people have from what bi-annual occurrences?
{ "text": [ "time shifts" ], "answer_start": [ 85 ] }
56e7adc800c9c71400d774cd
Daylight_saving_time
A move to "permanent daylight saving time" (staying on summer hours all year with no time shifts) is sometimes advocated, and has in fact been implemented in some jurisdictions such as Argentina, Chile, Iceland, Singapore, Uzbekistan and Belarus. Advocates cite the same advantages as normal DST without the problems ass...
In year-round DST, would sunrise happen early or late compared to most places?
{ "text": [ "late" ], "answer_start": [ 457 ] }
56e7adc800c9c71400d774ce
Daylight_saving_time
A move to "permanent daylight saving time" (staying on summer hours all year with no time shifts) is sometimes advocated, and has in fact been implemented in some jurisdictions such as Argentina, Chile, Iceland, Singapore, Uzbekistan and Belarus. Advocates cite the same advantages as normal DST without the problems ass...
During what time period did Russia use permanent DST?
{ "text": [ "2011 to 2014" ], "answer_start": [ 563 ] }
56e7adc800c9c71400d774cf
Daylight_saving_time
A move to "permanent daylight saving time" (staying on summer hours all year with no time shifts) is sometimes advocated, and has in fact been implemented in some jurisdictions such as Argentina, Chile, Iceland, Singapore, Uzbekistan and Belarus. Advocates cite the same advantages as normal DST without the problems ass...
In what season in areas observing permanent daylight saving time will it stay dark the latest in the morning?
{ "text": [ "winter" ], "answer_start": [ 488 ] }
56e7b00300c9c71400d774e7
Daylight_saving_time
Xinjiang, China; Argentina; Chile; Iceland; Russia and other areas skew time zones westward, in effect observing DST year-round without complications from clock shifts. For example, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, is at 106°39′ W longitude, slightly west of center of the idealized Mountain Time Zone (105° W), but the time in ...
In which direction do countries like Russia and Argentina shift their time zones that could be considered all-year DST?
{ "text": [ "westward" ], "answer_start": [ 83 ] }
56e7b00300c9c71400d774e8
Daylight_saving_time
Xinjiang, China; Argentina; Chile; Iceland; Russia and other areas skew time zones westward, in effect observing DST year-round without complications from clock shifts. For example, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, is at 106°39′ W longitude, slightly west of center of the idealized Mountain Time Zone (105° W), but the time in ...
About how many minutes does Saskatoon, Saskatchewan stay ahead of mean solar time?
{ "text": [ "67" ], "answer_start": [ 407 ] }
56e7b00300c9c71400d774e9
Daylight_saving_time
Xinjiang, China; Argentina; Chile; Iceland; Russia and other areas skew time zones westward, in effect observing DST year-round without complications from clock shifts. For example, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, is at 106°39′ W longitude, slightly west of center of the idealized Mountain Time Zone (105° W), but the time in ...
What time does Saskatoon observe all year long?
{ "text": [ "Central Standard Time" ], "answer_start": [ 336 ] }
56e7b00300c9c71400d774ea
Daylight_saving_time
Xinjiang, China; Argentina; Chile; Iceland; Russia and other areas skew time zones westward, in effect observing DST year-round without complications from clock shifts. For example, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, is at 106°39′ W longitude, slightly west of center of the idealized Mountain Time Zone (105° W), but the time in ...
Places like northeast India that shift time zones to the east could be considered to be observing what kind of DST?
{ "text": [ "negative DST" ], "answer_start": [ 600 ] }
56e7b00300c9c71400d774eb
Daylight_saving_time
Xinjiang, China; Argentina; Chile; Iceland; Russia and other areas skew time zones westward, in effect observing DST year-round without complications from clock shifts. For example, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, is at 106°39′ W longitude, slightly west of center of the idealized Mountain Time Zone (105° W), but the time in ...
What year did Ireland and the UK give up on their permanent DST experiment?
{ "text": [ "1971" ], "answer_start": [ 691 ] }
56e7b1e900c9c71400d77503
Daylight_saving_time
Western France, Spain, and other areas skew time zones and shift clocks, in effect observing DST in winter with an extra hour in summer. Nome, Alaska, is at 165°24′ W longitude, which is just west of center of the idealized Samoa Time Zone (165° W), but Nome observes Alaska Time (135° W) with DST, so it is slightly mor...
Places like Spain and parts of France effectively go by DST in the winter but add what in the summer?
{ "text": [ "an extra hour" ], "answer_start": [ 112 ] }
56e7b1e900c9c71400d77505
Daylight_saving_time
Western France, Spain, and other areas skew time zones and shift clocks, in effect observing DST in winter with an extra hour in summer. Nome, Alaska, is at 165°24′ W longitude, which is just west of center of the idealized Samoa Time Zone (165° W), but Nome observes Alaska Time (135° W) with DST, so it is slightly mor...
During the summer in Nome, about how many hours ahead of the sun do they set their clocks?
{ "text": [ "three" ], "answer_start": [ 368 ] }
56e7b1e900c9c71400d77506
Daylight_saving_time
Western France, Spain, and other areas skew time zones and shift clocks, in effect observing DST in winter with an extra hour in summer. Nome, Alaska, is at 165°24′ W longitude, which is just west of center of the idealized Samoa Time Zone (165° W), but Nome observes Alaska Time (135° W) with DST, so it is slightly mor...
What term was used in Britain for double daylight saving time?
{ "text": [ "Double Summer Time" ], "answer_start": [ 558 ] }
56e7b1e900c9c71400d77507
Daylight_saving_time
Western France, Spain, and other areas skew time zones and shift clocks, in effect observing DST in winter with an extra hour in summer. Nome, Alaska, is at 165°24′ W longitude, which is just west of center of the idealized Samoa Time Zone (165° W), but Nome observes Alaska Time (135° W) with DST, so it is slightly mor...
What's a third name for double daylight saving time or Double Summer Time used in Europe?
{ "text": [ "Central European Midsummer Time" ], "answer_start": [ 614 ] }
56e70a356fe0821900b8ec90
Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects
The Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA) is a professional body for architects primarily in the United Kingdom, but also internationally, founded for the advancement of architecture under its charter granted in 1837 and Supplemental Charter granted in 1971.
What does RIBA stand for?
{ "text": [ "Royal Institute of British Architects" ], "answer_start": [ 4 ] }
56e70a356fe0821900b8ec91
Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects
The Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA) is a professional body for architects primarily in the United Kingdom, but also internationally, founded for the advancement of architecture under its charter granted in 1837 and Supplemental Charter granted in 1971.
What is the goal of RIBA?
{ "text": [ "the advancement of architecture" ], "answer_start": [ 158 ] }
56e70a356fe0821900b8ec92
Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects
The Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA) is a professional body for architects primarily in the United Kingdom, but also internationally, founded for the advancement of architecture under its charter granted in 1837 and Supplemental Charter granted in 1971.
When was RIBA founded?
{ "text": [ "1837" ], "answer_start": [ 219 ] }
56e70a356fe0821900b8ec93
Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects
The Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA) is a professional body for architects primarily in the United Kingdom, but also internationally, founded for the advancement of architecture under its charter granted in 1837 and Supplemental Charter granted in 1971.
When was RIBA's founding document expanded?
{ "text": [ "1971" ], "answer_start": [ 260 ] }
56e70a356fe0821900b8ec94
Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects
The Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA) is a professional body for architects primarily in the United Kingdom, but also internationally, founded for the advancement of architecture under its charter granted in 1837 and Supplemental Charter granted in 1971.
In what country does RIBA mainly operate?
{ "text": [ "United Kingdom" ], "answer_start": [ 104 ] }
56e70aba6fe0821900b8ec9a
Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects
Originally named the Institute of British Architects in London, it was formed in 1834 by several prominent architects, including Philip Hardwick, Thomas Allom, William Donthorne, Thomas Leverton Donaldson, William Adams Nicholson, John Buonarotti Papworth, and Thomas de Grey, 2nd Earl de Grey.
What was Riba's first name?
{ "text": [ "Institute of British Architects in London" ], "answer_start": [ 21 ] }
56e70aba6fe0821900b8ec9b
Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects
Originally named the Institute of British Architects in London, it was formed in 1834 by several prominent architects, including Philip Hardwick, Thomas Allom, William Donthorne, Thomas Leverton Donaldson, William Adams Nicholson, John Buonarotti Papworth, and Thomas de Grey, 2nd Earl de Grey.
In what year was the Institute of British Architects founded?
{ "text": [ "1834" ], "answer_start": [ 81 ] }
56e70aba6fe0821900b8ec9c
Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects
Originally named the Institute of British Architects in London, it was formed in 1834 by several prominent architects, including Philip Hardwick, Thomas Allom, William Donthorne, Thomas Leverton Donaldson, William Adams Nicholson, John Buonarotti Papworth, and Thomas de Grey, 2nd Earl de Grey.
In what city was the Institute of British Architects located?
{ "text": [ "London" ], "answer_start": [ 56 ] }
56e70aba6fe0821900b8ec9d
Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects
Originally named the Institute of British Architects in London, it was formed in 1834 by several prominent architects, including Philip Hardwick, Thomas Allom, William Donthorne, Thomas Leverton Donaldson, William Adams Nicholson, John Buonarotti Papworth, and Thomas de Grey, 2nd Earl de Grey.
In terms of profession, what were people like Philip Hardwick, William Adams Nicholson and Thomas de Grey?
{ "text": [ "Architects" ], "answer_start": [ 42 ] }
56e70b3d6fe0821900b8eca2
Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects
After the grant of the royal charter it had become known as the Royal Institute of British Architects in London, eventually dropping the reference to London in 1892. In 1934, it moved to its current headquarters on Portland Place, with the building being opened by King George V and Queen Mary.
What caused the change of the Institute's name?
{ "text": [ "the grant of the royal charter" ], "answer_start": [ 6 ] }
56e70b3d6fe0821900b8eca3
Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects
After the grant of the royal charter it had become known as the Royal Institute of British Architects in London, eventually dropping the reference to London in 1892. In 1934, it moved to its current headquarters on Portland Place, with the building being opened by King George V and Queen Mary.
What was removed from the Royal Institute's name?
{ "text": [ "the reference to London" ], "answer_start": [ 133 ] }
56e70b3d6fe0821900b8eca4
Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects
After the grant of the royal charter it had become known as the Royal Institute of British Architects in London, eventually dropping the reference to London in 1892. In 1934, it moved to its current headquarters on Portland Place, with the building being opened by King George V and Queen Mary.
When was the mention of London removed from the Royal Institute's name?
{ "text": [ "1892" ], "answer_start": [ 160 ] }
56e70b3d6fe0821900b8eca5
Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects
After the grant of the royal charter it had become known as the Royal Institute of British Architects in London, eventually dropping the reference to London in 1892. In 1934, it moved to its current headquarters on Portland Place, with the building being opened by King George V and Queen Mary.
Where is the Royal Institute of British Architects located?
{ "text": [ "Portland Place" ], "answer_start": [ 215 ] }
56e70b3d6fe0821900b8eca6
Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects
After the grant of the royal charter it had become known as the Royal Institute of British Architects in London, eventually dropping the reference to London in 1892. In 1934, it moved to its current headquarters on Portland Place, with the building being opened by King George V and Queen Mary.
Who opened the structure in which the Royal Institute is currently housed?
{ "text": [ "King George V and Queen Mary" ], "answer_start": [ 265 ] }
56e70bfcde9d371400068124
Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects
It was granted its Royal Charter in 1837 under King William IV. Supplemental Charters of 1887, 1909 and 1925 were replaced by a single Charter in 1971, and there have been minor amendments since then.
When did the Royal Institute receive its charter?
{ "text": [ "1837" ], "answer_start": [ 36 ] }
56e70bfcde9d371400068125
Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects
It was granted its Royal Charter in 1837 under King William IV. Supplemental Charters of 1887, 1909 and 1925 were replaced by a single Charter in 1971, and there have been minor amendments since then.
Who was responsible for giving the charter to the Royal Institute?
{ "text": [ "King William IV" ], "answer_start": [ 47 ] }
56e70bfcde9d371400068126
Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects
It was granted its Royal Charter in 1837 under King William IV. Supplemental Charters of 1887, 1909 and 1925 were replaced by a single Charter in 1971, and there have been minor amendments since then.
In what years was the Royal Institute issued supplemental charters?
{ "text": [ "1887, 1909 and 1925" ], "answer_start": [ 89 ] }
56e70bfcde9d371400068127
Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects
It was granted its Royal Charter in 1837 under King William IV. Supplemental Charters of 1887, 1909 and 1925 were replaced by a single Charter in 1971, and there have been minor amendments since then.
When were the various supplemental charters consolidated?
{ "text": [ "1971" ], "answer_start": [ 146 ] }
56e70bfcde9d371400068128
Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects
It was granted its Royal Charter in 1837 under King William IV. Supplemental Charters of 1887, 1909 and 1925 were replaced by a single Charter in 1971, and there have been minor amendments since then.
What term characterizes the nature of changes to the charter after 1971?
{ "text": [ "minor amendments" ], "answer_start": [ 172 ] }
56e70db4de9d371400068138
Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects
The original Charter of 1837 set out the purpose of the Royal Institute to be: '… the general advancement of Civil Architecture, and for promoting and facilitating the acquirement of the knowledge of the various arts and sciences connected therewith…'
What was the central aim of the Royal Institute?
{ "text": [ "the general advancement of Civil Architecture" ], "answer_start": [ 82 ] }
56e70db4de9d371400068139
Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects
The original Charter of 1837 set out the purpose of the Royal Institute to be: '… the general advancement of Civil Architecture, and for promoting and facilitating the acquirement of the knowledge of the various arts and sciences connected therewith…'
What document set forth the goals of the Royal Institute?
{ "text": [ "The original Charter of 1837" ], "answer_start": [ 0 ] }
56e70db4de9d37140006813a
Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects
The original Charter of 1837 set out the purpose of the Royal Institute to be: '… the general advancement of Civil Architecture, and for promoting and facilitating the acquirement of the knowledge of the various arts and sciences connected therewith…'
What was the Royal Institute responsible for doing with regards to the development of knowledge related to architecture?
{ "text": [ "promoting and facilitating" ], "answer_start": [ 137 ] }
56e70ef5de9d37140006813e
Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects
The operational framework is provided by the Byelaws, which are more frequently updated than the Charter. Any revisions to the Charter or Byelaws require the Privy Council's approval.
What sets forth the standards by which the Royal Institute functions?
{ "text": [ "the Byelaws" ], "answer_start": [ 41 ] }
56e70ef5de9d37140006813f
Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects
The operational framework is provided by the Byelaws, which are more frequently updated than the Charter. Any revisions to the Charter or Byelaws require the Privy Council's approval.
What guidelines for the Royal Institute are updated most often?
{ "text": [ "the Byelaws" ], "answer_start": [ 41 ] }
56e70ef5de9d371400068140
Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects
The operational framework is provided by the Byelaws, which are more frequently updated than the Charter. Any revisions to the Charter or Byelaws require the Privy Council's approval.
What is necessary to make any changes to either document which governs the operations of the Royal Institute?
{ "text": [ "the Privy Council's approval" ], "answer_start": [ 154 ] }
56e70fe037bdd419002c3d0b
Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects
The design of the Institute's Mycenean lions medal and the motto ‘Usui civium, decori urbium' has been attributed to Thomas Leverton Donaldson, who had been honorary secretary until 1839. The RIBA Guide to its Archive and History (Angela Mace,1986) records that the first official version of this badge was used as a boo...
What was the first Latin phrase used by the Royal Institute?
{ "text": [ "Usui civium decori urbium" ], "answer_start": [ 836 ] }
56e70fe037bdd419002c3d0c
Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects
The design of the Institute's Mycenean lions medal and the motto ‘Usui civium, decori urbium' has been attributed to Thomas Leverton Donaldson, who had been honorary secretary until 1839. The RIBA Guide to its Archive and History (Angela Mace,1986) records that the first official version of this badge was used as a boo...
Who is responsible for the use of 'usui civium decori urbium'?
{ "text": [ "Thomas Leverton Donaldson" ], "answer_start": [ 117 ] }
56e70fe037bdd419002c3d0d
Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects
The design of the Institute's Mycenean lions medal and the motto ‘Usui civium, decori urbium' has been attributed to Thomas Leverton Donaldson, who had been honorary secretary until 1839. The RIBA Guide to its Archive and History (Angela Mace,1986) records that the first official version of this badge was used as a boo...
What was Donaldson's role within the Royal Institute?
{ "text": [ "honorary secretary" ], "answer_start": [ 157 ] }
56e70fe037bdd419002c3d0e
Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects
The design of the Institute's Mycenean lions medal and the motto ‘Usui civium, decori urbium' has been attributed to Thomas Leverton Donaldson, who had been honorary secretary until 1839. The RIBA Guide to its Archive and History (Angela Mace,1986) records that the first official version of this badge was used as a boo...
Who reworked the Royal Institute's medal desgin in 1931?
{ "text": [ "Eric Gill" ], "answer_start": [ 466 ] }
56e70fe037bdd419002c3d0f
Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects
The design of the Institute's Mycenean lions medal and the motto ‘Usui civium, decori urbium' has been attributed to Thomas Leverton Donaldson, who had been honorary secretary until 1839. The RIBA Guide to its Archive and History (Angela Mace,1986) records that the first official version of this badge was used as a boo...
When did Joan Hassall redesign the Royal Institute's medal?
{ "text": [ "1960" ], "answer_start": [ 483 ] }
56e7117637bdd419002c3d15
Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects
In the nineteenth and twentieth centuries the RIBA and its members had a leading part in the promotion of architectural education in the United Kingdom, including the establishment of the Architects' Registration Council of the United Kingdom (ARCUK) and the Board of Architectural Education under the Architects (Regist...
What organization was the Royal Institute instrumental in establishing?
{ "text": [ "the Architects' Registration Council of the United Kingdom" ], "answer_start": [ 184 ] }
56e7117637bdd419002c3d17
Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects
In the nineteenth and twentieth centuries the RIBA and its members had a leading part in the promotion of architectural education in the United Kingdom, including the establishment of the Architects' Registration Council of the United Kingdom (ARCUK) and the Board of Architectural Education under the Architects (Regist...
Where did Lional Bailey Budden teach?
{ "text": [ "the Liverpool University School of Architecture" ], "answer_start": [ 420 ] }
56e7117637bdd419002c3d18
Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects
In the nineteenth and twentieth centuries the RIBA and its members had a leading part in the promotion of architectural education in the United Kingdom, including the establishment of the Architects' Registration Council of the United Kingdom (ARCUK) and the Board of Architectural Education under the Architects (Regist...
What major compendium did Budden help write an article for?
{ "text": [ "Encyclopædia Britannica" ], "answer_start": [ 567 ] }
56e7117637bdd419002c3d19
Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects
In the nineteenth and twentieth centuries the RIBA and its members had a leading part in the promotion of architectural education in the United Kingdom, including the establishment of the Architects' Registration Council of the United Kingdom (ARCUK) and the Board of Architectural Education under the Architects (Regist...
How many schools formed the Board of Architectural Education?
{ "text": [ "twenty" ], "answer_start": [ 637 ] }
56e71f6a37bdd419002c3d63
Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects
Soon after the passing of the 1931 Act, in the book published on the occasion of the Institute's centenary celebration in 1934, Harry Barnes, FRIBA, Chairman of the Registration Committee, mentioned that ARCUK could not be a rival of any architectural association, least of all the RIBA, given the way ARCUK was constitu...
When did the Royal Institute celebrate its 100th anniversary?
{ "text": [ "1934" ], "answer_start": [ 122 ] }
56e71f6a37bdd419002c3d64
Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects
Soon after the passing of the 1931 Act, in the book published on the occasion of the Institute's centenary celebration in 1934, Harry Barnes, FRIBA, Chairman of the Registration Committee, mentioned that ARCUK could not be a rival of any architectural association, least of all the RIBA, given the way ARCUK was constitu...
Who was the head of the Registration Committee in 1934?
{ "text": [ "Harry Barnes" ], "answer_start": [ 128 ] }