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570a66fd4103511400d596d4
Emotion
The word "emotion" dates back to 1579, when it was adapted from the French word émouvoir, which means "to stir up". The term emotion was introduced into academic discussion to replace passion. According to one dictionary, the earliest precursors of the word likely dates back to the very origins of language. The modern ...
What does émouvoir mean in English?
{ "text": [ "to stir up" ], "answer_start": [ 103 ] }
570a66fd4103511400d596d5
Emotion
The word "emotion" dates back to 1579, when it was adapted from the French word émouvoir, which means "to stir up". The term emotion was introduced into academic discussion to replace passion. According to one dictionary, the earliest precursors of the word likely dates back to the very origins of language. The modern ...
Prior to the introduction of the word emotion, what word was used in its place?
{ "text": [ "passion" ], "answer_start": [ 184 ] }
570a66fd4103511400d596d6
Emotion
The word "emotion" dates back to 1579, when it was adapted from the French word émouvoir, which means "to stir up". The term emotion was introduced into academic discussion to replace passion. According to one dictionary, the earliest precursors of the word likely dates back to the very origins of language. The modern ...
Along with anxiety, what is an example of directionless emotion?
{ "text": [ "depression" ], "answer_start": [ 615 ] }
570a68426d058f1900182e1e
Emotion
Phillip Bard contributed to the theory with his work on animals. Bard found that sensory, motor, and physiological information all had to pass through the diencephalon (particularly the thalamus), before being subjected to any further processing. Therefore, Cannon also argued that it was not anatomically possible for s...
What is the thalamus a part of?
{ "text": [ "the diencephalon" ], "answer_start": [ 151 ] }
570a68426d058f1900182e1f
Emotion
Phillip Bard contributed to the theory with his work on animals. Bard found that sensory, motor, and physiological information all had to pass through the diencephalon (particularly the thalamus), before being subjected to any further processing. Therefore, Cannon also argued that it was not anatomically possible for s...
Who argued that an emotional stimulus triggered experiential and physiological responses to emotions at the same time?
{ "text": [ "Cannon" ], "answer_start": [ 258 ] }
570a68426d058f1900182e20
Emotion
Phillip Bard contributed to the theory with his work on animals. Bard found that sensory, motor, and physiological information all had to pass through the diencephalon (particularly the thalamus), before being subjected to any further processing. Therefore, Cannon also argued that it was not anatomically possible for s...
What creatures did Bard experiment on?
{ "text": [ "animals" ], "answer_start": [ 56 ] }
570a68426d058f1900182e21
Emotion
Phillip Bard contributed to the theory with his work on animals. Bard found that sensory, motor, and physiological information all had to pass through the diencephalon (particularly the thalamus), before being subjected to any further processing. Therefore, Cannon also argued that it was not anatomically possible for s...
Along with sensory and motor information, what information had to pass through the diencephalon before being processed?
{ "text": [ "physiological" ], "answer_start": [ 101 ] }
570a68cf6d058f1900182e26
Emotion
There are some theories on emotions arguing that cognitive activity in the form of judgments, evaluations, or thoughts are necessary in order for an emotion to occur. A prominent philosophical exponent is Robert C. Solomon (for example, The Passions, Emotions and the Meaning of Life, 1993). Solomon claims that emotions...
Who wrote The Passions, Emotions and the Meaning of Life?
{ "text": [ "Robert C. Solomon" ], "answer_start": [ 205 ] }
570a68cf6d058f1900182e27
Emotion
There are some theories on emotions arguing that cognitive activity in the form of judgments, evaluations, or thoughts are necessary in order for an emotion to occur. A prominent philosophical exponent is Robert C. Solomon (for example, The Passions, Emotions and the Meaning of Life, 1993). Solomon claims that emotions...
In what year was The Passions, Emotions and the Meaning of Life published?
{ "text": [ "1993" ], "answer_start": [ 285 ] }
570a68cf6d058f1900182e28
Emotion
There are some theories on emotions arguing that cognitive activity in the form of judgments, evaluations, or thoughts are necessary in order for an emotion to occur. A prominent philosophical exponent is Robert C. Solomon (for example, The Passions, Emotions and the Meaning of Life, 1993). Solomon claims that emotions...
What does Solomon believe emotions to be?
{ "text": [ "judgments" ], "answer_start": [ 325 ] }
570a68cf6d058f1900182e29
Emotion
There are some theories on emotions arguing that cognitive activity in the form of judgments, evaluations, or thoughts are necessary in order for an emotion to occur. A prominent philosophical exponent is Robert C. Solomon (for example, The Passions, Emotions and the Meaning of Life, 1993). Solomon claims that emotions...
Whose theory discussed action tendencies?
{ "text": [ "Nico Frijda" ], "answer_start": [ 610 ] }
570a68cf6d058f1900182e2a
Emotion
There are some theories on emotions arguing that cognitive activity in the form of judgments, evaluations, or thoughts are necessary in order for an emotion to occur. A prominent philosophical exponent is Robert C. Solomon (for example, The Passions, Emotions and the Meaning of Life, 1993). Solomon claims that emotions...
The idea that judgment can't be identified with emotion is an objection to what school of thought?
{ "text": [ "cognitivism" ], "answer_start": [ 440 ] }
570a6c176d058f1900182e4c
Emotion
Emotions can motivate social interactions and relationships and therefore are directly related with basic physiology, particularly with the stress systems. This is important because emotions are related to the anti-stress complex, with an oxytocin-attachment system, which plays a major role in bonding. Emotional phenot...
Who researched the role of emotional phenotype temperaments on social connectedness?
{ "text": [ "Kurt Kortschal" ], "answer_start": [ 404 ] }
570a6c176d058f1900182e4d
Emotion
Emotions can motivate social interactions and relationships and therefore are directly related with basic physiology, particularly with the stress systems. This is important because emotions are related to the anti-stress complex, with an oxytocin-attachment system, which plays a major role in bonding. Emotional phenot...
From where do zygotes derive their genetic information?
{ "text": [ "their parental germ cells" ], "answer_start": [ 719 ] }
570a6c176d058f1900182e4e
Emotion
Emotions can motivate social interactions and relationships and therefore are directly related with basic physiology, particularly with the stress systems. This is important because emotions are related to the anti-stress complex, with an oxytocin-attachment system, which plays a major role in bonding. Emotional phenot...
What percentage of difference is there between the genetic material of humans and the genetic material of chimpanzees?
{ "text": [ "1.2%" ], "answer_start": [ 1059 ] }
570a6c176d058f1900182e4f
Emotion
Emotions can motivate social interactions and relationships and therefore are directly related with basic physiology, particularly with the stress systems. This is important because emotions are related to the anti-stress complex, with an oxytocin-attachment system, which plays a major role in bonding. Emotional phenot...
How many million years ago did the evolution of chimpanzees and humans diverge?
{ "text": [ "five" ], "answer_start": [ 963 ] }
570a6c176d058f1900182e50
Emotion
Emotions can motivate social interactions and relationships and therefore are directly related with basic physiology, particularly with the stress systems. This is important because emotions are related to the anti-stress complex, with an oxytocin-attachment system, which plays a major role in bonding. Emotional phenot...
About how long ago did modern human beings first come into existence?
{ "text": [ "200,000 years" ], "answer_start": [ 1878 ] }
570a6db44103511400d596f0
Emotion
Emotion, in everyday speech, is any relatively brief conscious experience characterized by intense mental activity and a high degree of pleasure or displeasure. Scientific discourse has drifted to other meanings and there is no consensus on a definition. Emotion is often intertwined with mood, temperament, personality,...
Along with mood, temperament, disposition and motivation, what is emotion often tied to?
{ "text": [ "personality" ], "answer_start": [ 308 ] }
570a6db44103511400d596f1
Emotion
Emotion, in everyday speech, is any relatively brief conscious experience characterized by intense mental activity and a high degree of pleasure or displeasure. Scientific discourse has drifted to other meanings and there is no consensus on a definition. Emotion is often intertwined with mood, temperament, personality,...
What do some theories see as an important part of emotion?
{ "text": [ "cognition" ], "answer_start": [ 368 ] }
570a6db44103511400d596f2
Emotion
Emotion, in everyday speech, is any relatively brief conscious experience characterized by intense mental activity and a high degree of pleasure or displeasure. Scientific discourse has drifted to other meanings and there is no consensus on a definition. Emotion is often intertwined with mood, temperament, personality,...
Along with sweating and muscle tension, what might be a physiological response to danger?
{ "text": [ "rapid heartbeat and breathing" ], "answer_start": [ 663 ] }
570a6db44103511400d596f3
Emotion
Emotion, in everyday speech, is any relatively brief conscious experience characterized by intense mental activity and a high degree of pleasure or displeasure. Scientific discourse has drifted to other meanings and there is no consensus on a definition. Emotion is often intertwined with mood, temperament, personality,...
Sweating is a product of the arousal of what system?
{ "text": [ "nervous" ], "answer_start": [ 642 ] }
570a6e2f4103511400d596f8
Emotion
Emotions have been described by some theorists as discrete and consistent responses to internal or external events which have a particular significance for the organism. Emotions are brief in duration and consist of a coordinated set of responses, which may include verbal, physiological, behavioural, and neural mechani...
Who described the concept of a continuum of intensity?
{ "text": [ "Michael C. Graham" ], "answer_start": [ 341 ] }
570a6e2f4103511400d596f9
Emotion
Emotions have been described by some theorists as discrete and consistent responses to internal or external events which have a particular significance for the organism. Emotions are brief in duration and consist of a coordinated set of responses, which may include verbal, physiological, behavioural, and neural mechani...
What is Michael Graham's profession?
{ "text": [ "Psychotherapist" ], "answer_start": [ 325 ] }
570a6e2f4103511400d596fa
Emotion
Emotions have been described by some theorists as discrete and consistent responses to internal or external events which have a particular significance for the organism. Emotions are brief in duration and consist of a coordinated set of responses, which may include verbal, physiological, behavioural, and neural mechani...
What is an example of an extreme form of fear?
{ "text": [ "terror" ], "answer_start": [ 466 ] }
570a6e2f4103511400d596fb
Emotion
Emotions have been described by some theorists as discrete and consistent responses to internal or external events which have a particular significance for the organism. Emotions are brief in duration and consist of a coordinated set of responses, which may include verbal, physiological, behavioural, and neural mechani...
What would be an example of mild shame?
{ "text": [ "embarrassment" ], "answer_start": [ 506 ] }
570a6e2f4103511400d596fc
Emotion
Emotions have been described by some theorists as discrete and consistent responses to internal or external events which have a particular significance for the organism. Emotions are brief in duration and consist of a coordinated set of responses, which may include verbal, physiological, behavioural, and neural mechani...
What are non-intense feelings that lack a contextual stimulus called?
{ "text": [ "Moods" ], "answer_start": [ 715 ] }
570a6f236d058f1900182e56
Emotion
For more than 40 years, Paul Ekman has supported the view that emotions are discrete, measurable, and physiologically distinct. Ekman's most influential work revolved around the finding that certain emotions appeared to be universally recognized, even in cultures that were preliterate and could not have learned associa...
Who has argued that emotions are discrete?
{ "text": [ "Paul Ekman" ], "answer_start": [ 24 ] }
570a6f236d058f1900182e57
Emotion
For more than 40 years, Paul Ekman has supported the view that emotions are discrete, measurable, and physiologically distinct. Ekman's most influential work revolved around the finding that certain emotions appeared to be universally recognized, even in cultures that were preliterate and could not have learned associa...
How many basic emotions did Ekman recognize?
{ "text": [ "six" ], "answer_start": [ 638 ] }
570a6f236d058f1900182e58
Emotion
For more than 40 years, Paul Ekman has supported the view that emotions are discrete, measurable, and physiologically distinct. Ekman's most influential work revolved around the finding that certain emotions appeared to be universally recognized, even in cultures that were preliterate and could not have learned associa...
Along with anger, disgust, happiness, sadness and fear, what is one of Ekman's basic emotions?
{ "text": [ "surprise" ], "answer_start": [ 706 ] }
570a6f996d058f1900182e5c
Emotion
Western philosophy regarded emotion in varying ways. In stoic theories it was seen as a hindrance to reason and therefore a hindrance to virtue. Aristotle believed that emotions were an essential component of virtue. In the Aristotelian view all emotions (called passions) corresponded to appetites or capacities. During...
What school of thought saw emotion as an impediment to virtue?
{ "text": [ "stoic" ], "answer_start": [ 56 ] }
570a6f996d058f1900182e5d
Emotion
Western philosophy regarded emotion in varying ways. In stoic theories it was seen as a hindrance to reason and therefore a hindrance to virtue. Aristotle believed that emotions were an essential component of virtue. In the Aristotelian view all emotions (called passions) corresponded to appetites or capacities. During...
What thinker believed that emotions were necessary for virtue?
{ "text": [ "Aristotle" ], "answer_start": [ 145 ] }
570a6f996d058f1900182e5e
Emotion
Western philosophy regarded emotion in varying ways. In stoic theories it was seen as a hindrance to reason and therefore a hindrance to virtue. Aristotle believed that emotions were an essential component of virtue. In the Aristotelian view all emotions (called passions) corresponded to appetites or capacities. During...
What did the Aristotelians call emotions?
{ "text": [ "passions" ], "answer_start": [ 263 ] }
570a6f996d058f1900182e5f
Emotion
Western philosophy regarded emotion in varying ways. In stoic theories it was seen as a hindrance to reason and therefore a hindrance to virtue. Aristotle believed that emotions were an essential component of virtue. In the Aristotelian view all emotions (called passions) corresponded to appetites or capacities. During...
Who was a notable scholastic thinker?
{ "text": [ "Thomas Aquinas" ], "answer_start": [ 415 ] }
570a6f996d058f1900182e60
Emotion
Western philosophy regarded emotion in varying ways. In stoic theories it was seen as a hindrance to reason and therefore a hindrance to virtue. Aristotle believed that emotions were an essential component of virtue. In the Aristotelian view all emotions (called passions) corresponded to appetites or capacities. During...
Along with Descartes, Machiavelli and Hume, what notable philosopher developed a theory of emotions?
{ "text": [ "Baruch Spinoza" ], "answer_start": [ 555 ] }
570a70116d058f1900182e66
Emotion
In his 1884 article William James argued that feelings and emotions were secondary to physiological phenomena. In his theory, James proposed that the perception of what he called an "exciting fact" directly led to a physiological response, known as "emotion." To account for different types of emotional experiences, Jam...
Who wrote that exciting facts lead to emotions?
{ "text": [ "William James" ], "answer_start": [ 20 ] }
570a70116d058f1900182e67
Emotion
In his 1884 article William James argued that feelings and emotions were secondary to physiological phenomena. In his theory, James proposed that the perception of what he called an "exciting fact" directly led to a physiological response, known as "emotion." To account for different types of emotional experiences, Jam...
What did James believe a stimulus act upon to produce emotion?
{ "text": [ "the autonomic nervous system" ], "answer_start": [ 365 ] }
570a70116d058f1900182e68
Emotion
In his 1884 article William James argued that feelings and emotions were secondary to physiological phenomena. In his theory, James proposed that the perception of what he called an "exciting fact" directly led to a physiological response, known as "emotion." To account for different types of emotional experiences, Jam...
What did James believe emotion was synonymous with?
{ "text": [ "the perception of bodily changes" ], "answer_start": [ 630 ] }
570a70116d058f1900182e69
Emotion
In his 1884 article William James argued that feelings and emotions were secondary to physiological phenomena. In his theory, James proposed that the perception of what he called an "exciting fact" directly led to a physiological response, known as "emotion." To account for different types of emotional experiences, Jam...
Who developed a theory similar to that of James?
{ "text": [ "Carl Lange" ], "answer_start": [ 480 ] }
570a70116d058f1900182e6a
Emotion
In his 1884 article William James argued that feelings and emotions were secondary to physiological phenomena. In his theory, James proposed that the perception of what he called an "exciting fact" directly led to a physiological response, known as "emotion." To account for different types of emotional experiences, Jam...
What was the profession of Lange?
{ "text": [ "psychologist" ], "answer_start": [ 467 ] }
570a70f04103511400d5970a
Emotion
The history of emotions has become an increasingly popular topic recently, with some scholars arguing that it is an essential category of analysis, not unlike class, race, or gender. Historians, like other social scientists, assume that emotions, feelings and their expressions are regulated in different ways by both di...
What historical school claims that sentiments and meta-emotions can be learned?
{ "text": [ "constructivist" ], "answer_start": [ 373 ] }
570a70f04103511400d5970b
Emotion
The history of emotions has become an increasingly popular topic recently, with some scholars arguing that it is an essential category of analysis, not unlike class, race, or gender. Historians, like other social scientists, assume that emotions, feelings and their expressions are regulated in different ways by both di...
According to the constructivists, what is an example of a learned meta-emotion?
{ "text": [ "Schadenfreude" ], "answer_start": [ 470 ] }
570a70f04103511400d5970c
Emotion
The history of emotions has become an increasingly popular topic recently, with some scholars arguing that it is an essential category of analysis, not unlike class, race, or gender. Historians, like other social scientists, assume that emotions, feelings and their expressions are regulated in different ways by both di...
Along with Germany, England, Spain and Australia, where has a research center on the history of emotions recently opened?
{ "text": [ "Sweden" ], "answer_start": [ 1061 ] }
570a70f04103511400d5970d
Emotion
The history of emotions has become an increasingly popular topic recently, with some scholars arguing that it is an essential category of analysis, not unlike class, race, or gender. Historians, like other social scientists, assume that emotions, feelings and their expressions are regulated in different ways by both di...
Along with class and race, what is regarded as an essential category of historical analysis?
{ "text": [ "gender" ], "answer_start": [ 175 ] }
570a71734103511400d59712
Emotion
Stanley Schachter formulated his theory on the earlier work of a Spanish physician, Gregorio Marañón, who injected patients with epinephrine and subsequently asked them how they felt. Interestingly, Marañón found that most of these patients felt something but in the absence of an actual emotion-evoking stimulus, the pa...
Whose work did the theory of Stanley Schachter build on?
{ "text": [ "Gregorio Marañón" ], "answer_start": [ 84 ] }
570a71734103511400d59713
Emotion
Stanley Schachter formulated his theory on the earlier work of a Spanish physician, Gregorio Marañón, who injected patients with epinephrine and subsequently asked them how they felt. Interestingly, Marañón found that most of these patients felt something but in the absence of an actual emotion-evoking stimulus, the pa...
What did Gregorio Marañón inject his patients with?
{ "text": [ "epinephrine" ], "answer_start": [ 129 ] }
570a71734103511400d59714
Emotion
Stanley Schachter formulated his theory on the earlier work of a Spanish physician, Gregorio Marañón, who injected patients with epinephrine and subsequently asked them how they felt. Interestingly, Marañón found that most of these patients felt something but in the absence of an actual emotion-evoking stimulus, the pa...
What was the nationality of Gregorio Marañón?
{ "text": [ "Spanish" ], "answer_start": [ 65 ] }
570a71734103511400d59715
Emotion
Stanley Schachter formulated his theory on the earlier work of a Spanish physician, Gregorio Marañón, who injected patients with epinephrine and subsequently asked them how they felt. Interestingly, Marañón found that most of these patients felt something but in the absence of an actual emotion-evoking stimulus, the pa...
Who was a notable student of Stanley Schachter?
{ "text": [ "Jerome Singer" ], "answer_start": [ 1168 ] }
570a71734103511400d59716
Emotion
Stanley Schachter formulated his theory on the earlier work of a Spanish physician, Gregorio Marañón, who injected patients with epinephrine and subsequently asked them how they felt. Interestingly, Marañón found that most of these patients felt something but in the absence of an actual emotion-evoking stimulus, the pa...
In what year was the book Gut Reactions by Jesse Prinz published?
{ "text": [ "2004" ], "answer_start": [ 1717 ] }
570a71dd6d058f1900182e70
Emotion
In the 1990s, sociologists focused on different aspects of specific emotions and how these emotions were socially relevant. For Cooley (1992), pride and shame were the most important emotions that drive people to take various social actions. During every encounter, he proposed that we monitor ourselves through the "loo...
In what decade did sociologists focus on the social relevance of emotion?
{ "text": [ "1990s" ], "answer_start": [ 7 ] }
570a71dd6d058f1900182e71
Emotion
In the 1990s, sociologists focused on different aspects of specific emotions and how these emotions were socially relevant. For Cooley (1992), pride and shame were the most important emotions that drive people to take various social actions. During every encounter, he proposed that we monitor ourselves through the "loo...
What emotions did Cooley regard as of paramount social importance?
{ "text": [ "pride and shame" ], "answer_start": [ 143 ] }
570a71dd6d058f1900182e72
Emotion
In the 1990s, sociologists focused on different aspects of specific emotions and how these emotions were socially relevant. For Cooley (1992), pride and shame were the most important emotions that drive people to take various social actions. During every encounter, he proposed that we monitor ourselves through the "loo...
Who studied rage and shame cycles in married couples?
{ "text": [ "Retzinger" ], "answer_start": [ 497 ] }
570a71dd6d058f1900182e73
Emotion
In the 1990s, sociologists focused on different aspects of specific emotions and how these emotions were socially relevant. For Cooley (1992), pride and shame were the most important emotions that drive people to take various social actions. During every encounter, he proposed that we monitor ourselves through the "loo...
Who developed the social bond theory?
{ "text": [ "Scheff" ], "answer_start": [ 645 ] }
570a71dd6d058f1900182e74
Emotion
In the 1990s, sociologists focused on different aspects of specific emotions and how these emotions were socially relevant. For Cooley (1992), pride and shame were the most important emotions that drive people to take various social actions. During every encounter, he proposed that we monitor ourselves through the "loo...
Along with Cooley, from whose work did Scheff derive social bond theory?
{ "text": [ "Goffman" ], "answer_start": [ 618 ] }
570a72e64103511400d59726
Emotion
Emotion regulation refers to the cognitive and behavioral strategies people use to influence their own emotional experience. For example, a behavioral strategy in which one avoids a situation to avoid unwanted emotions (e.g., trying not to think about the situation, doing distracting activities, etc.). Depending on the...
What is the term for the strategies used by people to influence their emotional experiences?
{ "text": [ "Emotion regulation" ], "answer_start": [ 0 ] }
570a72e64103511400d59727
Emotion
Emotion regulation refers to the cognitive and behavioral strategies people use to influence their own emotional experience. For example, a behavioral strategy in which one avoids a situation to avoid unwanted emotions (e.g., trying not to think about the situation, doing distracting activities, etc.). Depending on the...
What type of strategy involves avoiding a situation where unwanted emotions might be experienced?
{ "text": [ "behavioral" ], "answer_start": [ 140 ] }
570a72e64103511400d59728
Emotion
Emotion regulation refers to the cognitive and behavioral strategies people use to influence their own emotional experience. For example, a behavioral strategy in which one avoids a situation to avoid unwanted emotions (e.g., trying not to think about the situation, doing distracting activities, etc.). Depending on the...
Rational emotive behavior therapy is an approach used by what psychotherapy schools?
{ "text": [ "Cognitively oriented schools" ], "answer_start": [ 582 ] }
570a72e64103511400d59729
Emotion
Emotion regulation refers to the cognitive and behavioral strategies people use to influence their own emotional experience. For example, a behavioral strategy in which one avoids a situation to avoid unwanted emotions (e.g., trying not to think about the situation, doing distracting activities, etc.). Depending on the...
What sort of therapy might examine emotions based on components of facial expressions?
{ "text": [ "Gestalt therapy" ], "answer_start": [ 806 ] }
570a73804103511400d5972e
Emotion
Based on discoveries made through neural mapping of the limbic system, the neurobiological explanation of human emotion is that emotion is a pleasant or unpleasant mental state organized in the limbic system of the mammalian brain. If distinguished from reactive responses of reptiles, emotions would then be mammalian e...
What system was examined to develop the neurobiological explanation of human emotion?
{ "text": [ "limbic" ], "answer_start": [ 56 ] }
570a73804103511400d5972f
Emotion
Based on discoveries made through neural mapping of the limbic system, the neurobiological explanation of human emotion is that emotion is a pleasant or unpleasant mental state organized in the limbic system of the mammalian brain. If distinguished from reactive responses of reptiles, emotions would then be mammalian e...
What classification of chemicals do dopamine, serotonin and noradrenaline belong to?
{ "text": [ "neurochemicals" ], "answer_start": [ 381 ] }
570a73804103511400d59730
Emotion
Based on discoveries made through neural mapping of the limbic system, the neurobiological explanation of human emotion is that emotion is a pleasant or unpleasant mental state organized in the limbic system of the mammalian brain. If distinguished from reactive responses of reptiles, emotions would then be mammalian e...
What chemicals may mediate emotions?
{ "text": [ "pheromones" ], "answer_start": [ 587 ] }
570a73804103511400d59731
Emotion
Based on discoveries made through neural mapping of the limbic system, the neurobiological explanation of human emotion is that emotion is a pleasant or unpleasant mental state organized in the limbic system of the mammalian brain. If distinguished from reactive responses of reptiles, emotions would then be mammalian e...
Reactive responses are present in the brains of what animals?
{ "text": [ "reptiles" ], "answer_start": [ 276 ] }
570a73804103511400d59732
Emotion
Based on discoveries made through neural mapping of the limbic system, the neurobiological explanation of human emotion is that emotion is a pleasant or unpleasant mental state organized in the limbic system of the mammalian brain. If distinguished from reactive responses of reptiles, emotions would then be mammalian e...
The neurobiological explanation is specific to what types of brains?
{ "text": [ "mammalian" ], "answer_start": [ 215 ] }
570a775d4103511400d59742
Emotion
Many different disciplines have produced work on the emotions. Human sciences study the role of emotions in mental processes, disorders, and neural mechanisms. In psychiatry, emotions are examined as part of the discipline's study and treatment of mental disorders in humans. Nursing studies emotions as part of its appr...
What discipline studies the role of emotions in neural mechanisms?
{ "text": [ "Human sciences" ], "answer_start": [ 63 ] }
570a775d4103511400d59743
Emotion
Many different disciplines have produced work on the emotions. Human sciences study the role of emotions in mental processes, disorders, and neural mechanisms. In psychiatry, emotions are examined as part of the discipline's study and treatment of mental disorders in humans. Nursing studies emotions as part of its appr...
What fields studies the role of emotions in the treatment of human mental disorders?
{ "text": [ "psychiatry" ], "answer_start": [ 163 ] }
570a775d4103511400d59744
Emotion
Many different disciplines have produced work on the emotions. Human sciences study the role of emotions in mental processes, disorders, and neural mechanisms. In psychiatry, emotions are examined as part of the discipline's study and treatment of mental disorders in humans. Nursing studies emotions as part of its appr...
What profession studies the role of emotions in providing holistic health care?
{ "text": [ "Nursing" ], "answer_start": [ 276 ] }
570a775d4103511400d59745
Emotion
Many different disciplines have produced work on the emotions. Human sciences study the role of emotions in mental processes, disorders, and neural mechanisms. In psychiatry, emotions are examined as part of the discipline's study and treatment of mental disorders in humans. Nursing studies emotions as part of its appr...
What is affective neuroscience a sub-field of?
{ "text": [ "neuroscience" ], "answer_start": [ 563 ] }
570a775d4103511400d59746
Emotion
Many different disciplines have produced work on the emotions. Human sciences study the role of emotions in mental processes, disorders, and neural mechanisms. In psychiatry, emotions are examined as part of the discipline's study and treatment of mental disorders in humans. Nursing studies emotions as part of its appr...
What field studies the relationship between emotion and learning?
{ "text": [ "education" ], "answer_start": [ 865 ] }
570a79de4103511400d59756
Emotion
Subsequent to these developments, Randall Collins (2004) formulated his interaction ritual theory by drawing on Durkheim's work on totemic rituals that was extended by Goffman (1964/2013; 1967) into everyday focused encounters. Based on interaction ritual theory, we experience different levels or intensities of emotion...
Who came up with the interaction ritual theory?
{ "text": [ "Randall Collins" ], "answer_start": [ 34 ] }
570a79de4103511400d59757
Emotion
Subsequent to these developments, Randall Collins (2004) formulated his interaction ritual theory by drawing on Durkheim's work on totemic rituals that was extended by Goffman (1964/2013; 1967) into everyday focused encounters. Based on interaction ritual theory, we experience different levels or intensities of emotion...
From what work of Durkheim's was interaction ritual theory derived?
{ "text": [ "totemic rituals" ], "answer_start": [ 131 ] }
570a79de4103511400d59758
Emotion
Subsequent to these developments, Randall Collins (2004) formulated his interaction ritual theory by drawing on Durkheim's work on totemic rituals that was extended by Goffman (1964/2013; 1967) into everyday focused encounters. Based on interaction ritual theory, we experience different levels or intensities of emotion...
In addition to Durkheim, whose work influenced the development of interaction ritual theory?
{ "text": [ "Goffman" ], "answer_start": [ 168 ] }
570a79de4103511400d59759
Emotion
Subsequent to these developments, Randall Collins (2004) formulated his interaction ritual theory by drawing on Durkheim's work on totemic rituals that was extended by Goffman (1964/2013; 1967) into everyday focused encounters. Based on interaction ritual theory, we experience different levels or intensities of emotion...
What is the term for a feeling of confidence to take action?
{ "text": [ "Emotional energy" ], "answer_start": [ 364 ] }
570a79de4103511400d5975a
Emotion
Subsequent to these developments, Randall Collins (2004) formulated his interaction ritual theory by drawing on Durkheim's work on totemic rituals that was extended by Goffman (1964/2013; 1967) into everyday focused encounters. Based on interaction ritual theory, we experience different levels or intensities of emotion...
What is the term for the energy generated during group gatherings, such as totemic rituals?
{ "text": [ "collective effervescence" ], "answer_start": [ 510 ] }
570a7b204103511400d59760
Emotion
In the 2000s, research in computer science, engineering, psychology and neuroscience has been aimed at developing devices that recognize human affect display and model emotions. In computer science, affective computing is a branch of the study and development of artificial intelligence that deals with the design of sys...
Of what discipline is affective computing a branch?
{ "text": [ "computer science" ], "answer_start": [ 181 ] }
570a7b204103511400d59761
Emotion
In the 2000s, research in computer science, engineering, psychology and neuroscience has been aimed at developing devices that recognize human affect display and model emotions. In computer science, affective computing is a branch of the study and development of artificial intelligence that deals with the design of sys...
What is the foundational document of affective computing?
{ "text": [ "Rosalind Picard's 1995 paper" ], "answer_start": [ 658 ] }
570a7b204103511400d59762
Emotion
In the 2000s, research in computer science, engineering, psychology and neuroscience has been aimed at developing devices that recognize human affect display and model emotions. In computer science, affective computing is a branch of the study and development of artificial intelligence that deals with the design of sys...
In affective computing, what devices are used to collect data about the physical state of a user?
{ "text": [ "passive sensors" ], "answer_start": [ 755 ] }
570a7b204103511400d59763
Emotion
In the 2000s, research in computer science, engineering, psychology and neuroscience has been aimed at developing devices that recognize human affect display and model emotions. In computer science, affective computing is a branch of the study and development of artificial intelligence that deals with the design of sys...
How does emotional speech processing determine a user's emotional state?
{ "text": [ "analyzing speech patterns" ], "answer_start": [ 1214 ] }
570a7c016d058f1900182e8e
Emotion
Emotions involve different components, such as subjective experience, cognitive processes, expressive behavior, psychophysiological changes, and instrumental behavior. At one time, academics attempted to identify the emotion with one of the components: William James with a subjective experience, behaviorists with instr...
Along with subjective experience, cognitive processes, expressive behavior and psychophysiological changes, what is another notable emotional component?
{ "text": [ "instrumental behavior" ], "answer_start": [ 145 ] }
570a7c016d058f1900182e8f
Emotion
Emotions involve different components, such as subjective experience, cognitive processes, expressive behavior, psychophysiological changes, and instrumental behavior. At one time, academics attempted to identify the emotion with one of the components: William James with a subjective experience, behaviorists with instr...
With what emotional component did William James identify emotion?
{ "text": [ "subjective experience" ], "answer_start": [ 274 ] }
570a7c016d058f1900182e90
Emotion
Emotions involve different components, such as subjective experience, cognitive processes, expressive behavior, psychophysiological changes, and instrumental behavior. At one time, academics attempted to identify the emotion with one of the components: William James with a subjective experience, behaviorists with instr...
What emotional component did behaviorists identify emotion with?
{ "text": [ "instrumental behavior" ], "answer_start": [ 315 ] }
570a7c016d058f1900182e91
Emotion
Emotions involve different components, such as subjective experience, cognitive processes, expressive behavior, psychophysiological changes, and instrumental behavior. At one time, academics attempted to identify the emotion with one of the components: William James with a subjective experience, behaviorists with instr...
What academics identified emotions with physiological changes?
{ "text": [ "psychophysiologists" ], "answer_start": [ 338 ] }
570a7c016d058f1900182e92
Emotion
Emotions involve different components, such as subjective experience, cognitive processes, expressive behavior, psychophysiological changes, and instrumental behavior. At one time, academics attempted to identify the emotion with one of the components: William James with a subjective experience, behaviorists with instr...
Who discussed emotions in the context of expressive body actions and cultural labels?
{ "text": [ "Peggy Thoits" ], "answer_start": [ 853 ] }
570a7c684103511400d59768
Emotion
In Scherer's components processing model of emotion, five crucial elements of emotion are said to exist. From the component processing perspective, emotion experience is said to require that all of these processes become coordinated and synchronized for a short period of time, driven by appraisal processes. Although th...
What model of emotion was developed by Scherer?
{ "text": [ "components processing model" ], "answer_start": [ 13 ] }
570a7c684103511400d59769
Emotion
In Scherer's components processing model of emotion, five crucial elements of emotion are said to exist. From the component processing perspective, emotion experience is said to require that all of these processes become coordinated and synchronized for a short period of time, driven by appraisal processes. Although th...
How many important emotional elements are present in the components processing model?
{ "text": [ "five" ], "answer_start": [ 53 ] }
570a7c684103511400d5976a
Emotion
In Scherer's components processing model of emotion, five crucial elements of emotion are said to exist. From the component processing perspective, emotion experience is said to require that all of these processes become coordinated and synchronized for a short period of time, driven by appraisal processes. Although th...
What processes drive the other components processing model processes?
{ "text": [ "appraisal" ], "answer_start": [ 288 ] }
570a7cdb6d058f1900182ea0
Emotion
Through the use of multidimensional scaling, psychologists can map out similar emotional experiences, which allows a visual depiction of the "emotional distance" between experiences. A further step can be taken by looking at the map's dimensions of the emotional experiences. The emotional experiences are divided into t...
What do psychologists use to visually map emotional experiences?
{ "text": [ "multidimensional scaling" ], "answer_start": [ 19 ] }
570a7cdb6d058f1900182ea1
Emotion
Through the use of multidimensional scaling, psychologists can map out similar emotional experiences, which allows a visual depiction of the "emotional distance" between experiences. A further step can be taken by looking at the map's dimensions of the emotional experiences. The emotional experiences are divided into t...
Along with valence, what is the other of the two dimensions used to map emotional experiences?
{ "text": [ "arousal" ], "answer_start": [ 403 ] }
570a7cdb6d058f1900182ea2
Emotion
Through the use of multidimensional scaling, psychologists can map out similar emotional experiences, which allows a visual depiction of the "emotional distance" between experiences. A further step can be taken by looking at the map's dimensions of the emotional experiences. The emotional experiences are divided into t...
What is the term for the feeling of energy or enervation created by an emotional experience?
{ "text": [ "arousal" ], "answer_start": [ 403 ] }
570a7cdb6d058f1900182ea3
Emotion
Through the use of multidimensional scaling, psychologists can map out similar emotional experiences, which allows a visual depiction of the "emotional distance" between experiences. A further step can be taken by looking at the map's dimensions of the emotional experiences. The emotional experiences are divided into t...
What is the term for the degree to which an emotional experience feels positive or negative?
{ "text": [ "valence" ], "answer_start": [ 343 ] }
570a7cdb6d058f1900182ea4
Emotion
Through the use of multidimensional scaling, psychologists can map out similar emotional experiences, which allows a visual depiction of the "emotional distance" between experiences. A further step can be taken by looking at the map's dimensions of the emotional experiences. The emotional experiences are divided into t...
What component of emotion provides its perceived energy?
{ "text": [ "core affect" ], "answer_start": [ 615 ] }
570a7d566d058f1900182eaa
Emotion
More contemporary views along the evolutionary psychology spectrum posit that both basic emotions and social emotions evolved to motivate (social) behaviors that were adaptive in the ancestral environment. Current research[citation needed] suggests that emotion is an essential part of any human decision-making and plan...
Who argued that emotional responses compete with instinct and reason?
{ "text": [ "Paul D. MacLean" ], "answer_start": [ 414 ] }
570a7d566d058f1900182eab
Emotion
More contemporary views along the evolutionary psychology spectrum posit that both basic emotions and social emotions evolved to motivate (social) behaviors that were adaptive in the ancestral environment. Current research[citation needed] suggests that emotion is an essential part of any human decision-making and plan...
What technology has allowed for research into the earlier-evolved parts of the brain?
{ "text": [ "neuroimaging" ], "answer_start": [ 589 ] }
570a7d566d058f1900182eac
Emotion
More contemporary views along the evolutionary psychology spectrum posit that both basic emotions and social emotions evolved to motivate (social) behaviors that were adaptive in the ancestral environment. Current research[citation needed] suggests that emotion is an essential part of any human decision-making and plan...
Along with LeDoux, who was a notable neurological brain researcher?
{ "text": [ "António Damásio" ], "answer_start": [ 787 ] }
570a7d566d058f1900182ead
Emotion
More contemporary views along the evolutionary psychology spectrum posit that both basic emotions and social emotions evolved to motivate (social) behaviors that were adaptive in the ancestral environment. Current research[citation needed] suggests that emotion is an essential part of any human decision-making and plan...
In what decade did Damásio and LeDoux do notable work?
{ "text": [ "1990s" ], "answer_start": [ 757 ] }
570a7de94103511400d5976e
Emotion
This is a communication-based theory developed by Howard M. Weiss and Russell Cropanzano (1996), that looks at the causes, structures, and consequences of emotional experience (especially in work contexts). This theory suggests that emotions are influenced and caused by events which in turn influence attitudes and beha...
Along with Cropanzano, who developed a communication-based theory of emotional experience?
{ "text": [ "Howard M. Weiss" ], "answer_start": [ 50 ] }
570a7de94103511400d5976f
Emotion
This is a communication-based theory developed by Howard M. Weiss and Russell Cropanzano (1996), that looks at the causes, structures, and consequences of emotional experience (especially in work contexts). This theory suggests that emotions are influenced and caused by events which in turn influence attitudes and beha...
When did Weiss and Cropanzano publish their work?
{ "text": [ "1996" ], "answer_start": [ 90 ] }
570a7de94103511400d59770
Emotion
This is a communication-based theory developed by Howard M. Weiss and Russell Cropanzano (1996), that looks at the causes, structures, and consequences of emotional experience (especially in work contexts). This theory suggests that emotions are influenced and caused by events which in turn influence attitudes and beha...
What context did the theory of Weiss and Cropanzano pay particular attention to?
{ "text": [ "work" ], "answer_start": [ 191 ] }
570a7de94103511400d59771
Emotion
This is a communication-based theory developed by Howard M. Weiss and Russell Cropanzano (1996), that looks at the causes, structures, and consequences of emotional experience (especially in work contexts). This theory suggests that emotions are influenced and caused by events which in turn influence attitudes and beha...
Who did Beal write "Reflections on Affective Events Theory" with?
{ "text": [ "Howard M. Weiss" ], "answer_start": [ 666 ] }
570a7de94103511400d59772
Emotion
This is a communication-based theory developed by Howard M. Weiss and Russell Cropanzano (1996), that looks at the causes, structures, and consequences of emotional experience (especially in work contexts). This theory suggests that emotions are influenced and caused by events which in turn influence attitudes and beha...
Where was "Reflections on Affective Events Theory" published?
{ "text": [ "Research on Emotion in Organizations" ], "answer_start": [ 774 ] }
570a7e7c4103511400d59778
Emotion
The motor centers of reptiles react to sensory cues of vision, sound, touch, chemical, gravity, and motion with pre-set body movements and programmed postures. With the arrival of night-active mammals, smell replaced vision as the dominant sense, and a different way of responding arose from the olfactory sense, which i...
What parts of reptiles respond to sensory cues?
{ "text": [ "motor centers" ], "answer_start": [ 4 ] }
570a7e7c4103511400d59779
Emotion
The motor centers of reptiles react to sensory cues of vision, sound, touch, chemical, gravity, and motion with pre-set body movements and programmed postures. With the arrival of night-active mammals, smell replaced vision as the dominant sense, and a different way of responding arose from the olfactory sense, which i...
What is the principal sense of night-active mammals?
{ "text": [ "smell" ], "answer_start": [ 202 ] }