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570cf4cefed7b91900d45b7f
Digestion
Protein digestion occurs in the stomach and duodenum in which 3 main enzymes, pepsin secreted by the stomach and trypsin and chymotrypsin secreted by the pancreas, break down food proteins into polypeptides that are then broken down by various exopeptidases and dipeptidases into amino acids. The digestive enzymes howev...
What organ secretes chymotrypsin?
{ "text": [ "the pancreas" ], "answer_start": [ 150 ] }
570c02e4ec8fbc190045bc14
Gymnastics
Gymnasts sprint down a runway, which is a maximum of 25 meters in length, before hurdling onto a spring board. The gymnast is allowed to choose where they start on the runway. The body position is maintained while "punching" (blocking using only a shoulder movement) the vaulting platform. The gymnast then rotates to a ...
What is the maximum length of a runway?
{ "text": [ "25 meters" ], "answer_start": [ 53 ] }
570c02e4ec8fbc190045bc15
Gymnastics
Gymnasts sprint down a runway, which is a maximum of 25 meters in length, before hurdling onto a spring board. The gymnast is allowed to choose where they start on the runway. The body position is maintained while "punching" (blocking using only a shoulder movement) the vaulting platform. The gymnast then rotates to a ...
Who gets to chose where a gymnast starts to run on the runway?
{ "text": [ "The gymnast" ], "answer_start": [ 111 ] }
570c02e4ec8fbc190045bc16
Gymnastics
Gymnasts sprint down a runway, which is a maximum of 25 meters in length, before hurdling onto a spring board. The gymnast is allowed to choose where they start on the runway. The body position is maintained while "punching" (blocking using only a shoulder movement) the vaulting platform. The gymnast then rotates to a ...
What position is the gymnast when in the air?
{ "text": [ "a standing position" ], "answer_start": [ 318 ] }
570c02e4ec8fbc190045bc17
Gymnastics
Gymnasts sprint down a runway, which is a maximum of 25 meters in length, before hurdling onto a spring board. The gymnast is allowed to choose where they start on the runway. The body position is maintained while "punching" (blocking using only a shoulder movement) the vaulting platform. The gymnast then rotates to a ...
What are later added to the landing by advanced gymnasts?
{ "text": [ "multiple twists and somersaults" ], "answer_start": [ 363 ] }
570c0ad6ec8fbc190045bc28
Gymnastics
According to FIG rules, only women compete in rhythmic gymnastics. This is a sport that combines elements of ballet, gymnastics, dance, and apparatus manipulation. The sport involves the performance of five separate routines with the use of five apparatus; ball, ribbon, hoop, clubs, rope—on a floor area, with a much gr...
What rules state that only women can compete in rhythmic gymastics?
{ "text": [ "FIG" ], "answer_start": [ 13 ] }
570c0ad6ec8fbc190045bc29
Gymnastics
According to FIG rules, only women compete in rhythmic gymnastics. This is a sport that combines elements of ballet, gymnastics, dance, and apparatus manipulation. The sport involves the performance of five separate routines with the use of five apparatus; ball, ribbon, hoop, clubs, rope—on a floor area, with a much gr...
What does rhythmic gymastics combine together?
{ "text": [ "ballet, gymnastics, dance, and apparatus manipulation" ], "answer_start": [ 109 ] }
570c0ad6ec8fbc190045bc2a
Gymnastics
According to FIG rules, only women compete in rhythmic gymnastics. This is a sport that combines elements of ballet, gymnastics, dance, and apparatus manipulation. The sport involves the performance of five separate routines with the use of five apparatus; ball, ribbon, hoop, clubs, rope—on a floor area, with a much gr...
What five seperate apparatuses are used in the five separate routines?
{ "text": [ "ball, ribbon, hoop, clubs, rope" ], "answer_start": [ 257 ] }
570c0ad6ec8fbc190045bc2b
Gymnastics
According to FIG rules, only women compete in rhythmic gymnastics. This is a sport that combines elements of ballet, gymnastics, dance, and apparatus manipulation. The sport involves the performance of five separate routines with the use of five apparatus; ball, ribbon, hoop, clubs, rope—on a floor area, with a much gr...
Which is more focused on, aesthetics or acrobatics?
{ "text": [ "aesthetic" ], "answer_start": [ 342 ] }
570c0ad6ec8fbc190045bc2c
Gymnastics
According to FIG rules, only women compete in rhythmic gymnastics. This is a sport that combines elements of ballet, gymnastics, dance, and apparatus manipulation. The sport involves the performance of five separate routines with the use of five apparatus; ball, ribbon, hoop, clubs, rope—on a floor area, with a much gr...
How many possible points are there for rhythmic routines?
{ "text": [ "30 points" ], "answer_start": [ 516 ] }
570cdf17fed7b91900d45a3f
Gymnastics
Aesthetic Group Gymnastics (AGG) was developed from the Finnish "naisvoimistelu". It differs from Rhythmic Gymnastics in that body movement is large and continuous and teams are larger' Athletes do not use apparatus in international AGG competitions compared to Rhythmic Gymnastics where ball, ribbon, hoop and clubs are...
What does AGG stand for?
{ "text": [ "Aesthetic Group Gymnastics" ], "answer_start": [ 0 ] }
570cdf17fed7b91900d45a40
Gymnastics
Aesthetic Group Gymnastics (AGG) was developed from the Finnish "naisvoimistelu". It differs from Rhythmic Gymnastics in that body movement is large and continuous and teams are larger' Athletes do not use apparatus in international AGG competitions compared to Rhythmic Gymnastics where ball, ribbon, hoop and clubs are...
Why is AGG different than Rhythmic Gymnastics?
{ "text": [ "body movement is large and continuous and teams are larger'" ], "answer_start": [ 126 ] }
570cdf17fed7b91900d45a41
Gymnastics
Aesthetic Group Gymnastics (AGG) was developed from the Finnish "naisvoimistelu". It differs from Rhythmic Gymnastics in that body movement is large and continuous and teams are larger' Athletes do not use apparatus in international AGG competitions compared to Rhythmic Gymnastics where ball, ribbon, hoop and clubs are...
Do athletes use apparatuses in the international AGG competitions?
{ "text": [ "do not use apparatus in international AGG competitions" ], "answer_start": [ 195 ] }
570cdf17fed7b91900d45a42
Gymnastics
Aesthetic Group Gymnastics (AGG) was developed from the Finnish "naisvoimistelu". It differs from Rhythmic Gymnastics in that body movement is large and continuous and teams are larger' Athletes do not use apparatus in international AGG competitions compared to Rhythmic Gymnastics where ball, ribbon, hoop and clubs are...
What physical qualities are needed for rhythmic gymastics?
{ "text": [ "flexibility, balance, speed, strength, coordination and sense of rhythm" ], "answer_start": [ 391 ] }
570cdf17fed7b91900d45a43
Gymnastics
Aesthetic Group Gymnastics (AGG) was developed from the Finnish "naisvoimistelu". It differs from Rhythmic Gymnastics in that body movement is large and continuous and teams are larger' Athletes do not use apparatus in international AGG competitions compared to Rhythmic Gymnastics where ball, ribbon, hoop and clubs are...
What year was the Federsation of Aesthetic Group Gymnastics established?
{ "text": [ "2003" ], "answer_start": [ 871 ] }
570cdfbefed7b91900d45a49
Gymnastics
This apparatus may be made of hemp or a synthetic material which retains the qualities of lightness and suppleness. Its length is in proportion to the size of the gymnast. The rope should, when held down by the feet, reach both of the gymnasts' armpits. One or two knots at each end are for keeping hold of the rope whil...
What is the rope made out of that the gymnists uses in their routine?
{ "text": [ "hemp or a synthetic material" ], "answer_start": [ 30 ] }
570cdfbefed7b91900d45a4d
Gymnastics
This apparatus may be made of hemp or a synthetic material which retains the qualities of lightness and suppleness. Its length is in proportion to the size of the gymnast. The rope should, when held down by the feet, reach both of the gymnasts' armpits. One or two knots at each end are for keeping hold of the rope whil...
When did FIG decide to nullify the use of ropes in competition?
{ "text": [ "2011" ], "answer_start": [ 851 ] }
570ce0b1fed7b91900d45a5d
Gymnastics
The Federation of International Gymnastics (FIG) was founded in Liege in 1881. By the end of the nineteenth century, men's gymnastics competition was popular enough to be included in the first "modern" Olympic Games in 1896. From then on until the early 1950s, both national and international competitions involved a cha...
Where was the FIG founded?
{ "text": [ "Liege" ], "answer_start": [ 64 ] }
570ce0b1fed7b91900d45a5e
Gymnastics
The Federation of International Gymnastics (FIG) was founded in Liege in 1881. By the end of the nineteenth century, men's gymnastics competition was popular enough to be included in the first "modern" Olympic Games in 1896. From then on until the early 1950s, both national and international competitions involved a cha...
What year was FIG founded?
{ "text": [ "1881" ], "answer_start": [ 73 ] }
570ce0b1fed7b91900d45a5f
Gymnastics
The Federation of International Gymnastics (FIG) was founded in Liege in 1881. By the end of the nineteenth century, men's gymnastics competition was popular enough to be included in the first "modern" Olympic Games in 1896. From then on until the early 1950s, both national and international competitions involved a cha...
When was gymnastics included in the Olympics?
{ "text": [ "1896" ], "answer_start": [ 219 ] }
570ce0b1fed7b91900d45a60
Gymnastics
The Federation of International Gymnastics (FIG) was founded in Liege in 1881. By the end of the nineteenth century, men's gymnastics competition was popular enough to be included in the first "modern" Olympic Games in 1896. From then on until the early 1950s, both national and international competitions involved a cha...
When were the first women's Olympic competitions held?
{ "text": [ "1928" ], "answer_start": [ 774 ] }
570ce0b1fed7b91900d45a61
Gymnastics
The Federation of International Gymnastics (FIG) was founded in Liege in 1881. By the end of the nineteenth century, men's gymnastics competition was popular enough to be included in the first "modern" Olympic Games in 1896. From then on until the early 1950s, both national and international competitions involved a cha...
Where were the first women's Olympic competitions held?
{ "text": [ "in Amsterdam" ], "answer_start": [ 780 ] }
570ce135fed7b91900d45a67
Gymnastics
In the vaulting events, gymnasts sprint down a 25 metres (82 ft) runway, jump onto a spring filled board or perform a roundoff, or handspring entry onto a springboard (run/ take-off segment), land momentarily, inverted on the hands on the vaulting horse, or vaulting table (pre flight segment), then propel themselves fo...
How long is the run way in vaulting?
{ "text": [ "25 metres (82 ft)" ], "answer_start": [ 47 ] }
570ce135fed7b91900d45a68
Gymnastics
In the vaulting events, gymnasts sprint down a 25 metres (82 ft) runway, jump onto a spring filled board or perform a roundoff, or handspring entry onto a springboard (run/ take-off segment), land momentarily, inverted on the hands on the vaulting horse, or vaulting table (pre flight segment), then propel themselves fo...
How man feet do vaulters land on?
{ "text": [ "a two footed landing" ], "answer_start": [ 363 ] }
570ce135fed7b91900d45a69
Gymnastics
In the vaulting events, gymnasts sprint down a 25 metres (82 ft) runway, jump onto a spring filled board or perform a roundoff, or handspring entry onto a springboard (run/ take-off segment), land momentarily, inverted on the hands on the vaulting horse, or vaulting table (pre flight segment), then propel themselves fo...
What determines where a vaulter starts on the runway?
{ "text": [ "their height and strength" ], "answer_start": [ 482 ] }
570ce135fed7b91900d45a6a
Gymnastics
In the vaulting events, gymnasts sprint down a 25 metres (82 ft) runway, jump onto a spring filled board or perform a roundoff, or handspring entry onto a springboard (run/ take-off segment), land momentarily, inverted on the hands on the vaulting horse, or vaulting table (pre flight segment), then propel themselves fo...
What is a round-off entry vault called?
{ "text": [ "Yurchenko" ], "answer_start": [ 650 ] }
570ce135fed7b91900d45a6b
Gymnastics
In the vaulting events, gymnasts sprint down a 25 metres (82 ft) runway, jump onto a spring filled board or perform a roundoff, or handspring entry onto a springboard (run/ take-off segment), land momentarily, inverted on the hands on the vaulting horse, or vaulting table (pre flight segment), then propel themselves fo...
What is the most common vault in elite level gymnastics?
{ "text": [ "yurchenko" ], "answer_start": [ 731 ] }
570ce1bab3d812140066d2e1
Gymnastics
A gymnast's score comes from deductions taken from their start value. The start value of a routine is based on the difficulty of the elements the gymnast attempts and whether or not the gymnast meets composition requirements. The composition requirements are different for each apparatus; this score is called the D scor...
How are gymnasts scored?
{ "text": [ "from deductions taken from their start value" ], "answer_start": [ 24 ] }
570ce1bab3d812140066d2e3
Gymnastics
A gymnast's score comes from deductions taken from their start value. The start value of a routine is based on the difficulty of the elements the gymnast attempts and whether or not the gymnast meets composition requirements. The composition requirements are different for each apparatus; this score is called the D scor...
What is this score called?
{ "text": [ "D score" ], "answer_start": [ 314 ] }
570ce1bab3d812140066d2e4
Gymnastics
A gymnast's score comes from deductions taken from their start value. The start value of a routine is based on the difficulty of the elements the gymnast attempts and whether or not the gymnast meets composition requirements. The composition requirements are different for each apparatus; this score is called the D scor...
Deductions in execution and artistry are taken from what score?
{ "text": [ "10.0" ], "answer_start": [ 375 ] }
570ce23eb3d812140066d2eb
Gymnastics
The technical rules for the Japanese version of men's rhythmic gymnastics came around the 1970s. For individuals, only four types of apparatus are used: the double rings, the stick, the rope, and the clubs. Groups do not use any apparatus. The Japanese version includes tumbling performed on a spring floor. Points are a...
When were the technical rules for the Japanses version of men's rhythmic gymnastics formed?
{ "text": [ "1970s" ], "answer_start": [ 90 ] }
570ce23eb3d812140066d2ec
Gymnastics
The technical rules for the Japanese version of men's rhythmic gymnastics came around the 1970s. For individuals, only four types of apparatus are used: the double rings, the stick, the rope, and the clubs. Groups do not use any apparatus. The Japanese version includes tumbling performed on a spring floor. Points are a...
How many apparatuses are used?
{ "text": [ "only four types" ], "answer_start": [ 114 ] }
570ce23eb3d812140066d2ed
Gymnastics
The technical rules for the Japanese version of men's rhythmic gymnastics came around the 1970s. For individuals, only four types of apparatus are used: the double rings, the stick, the rope, and the clubs. Groups do not use any apparatus. The Japanese version includes tumbling performed on a spring floor. Points are a...
What are the types of apparatuses used?
{ "text": [ "the double rings, the stick, the rope, and the clubs" ], "answer_start": [ 153 ] }
570ce23eb3d812140066d2ee
Gymnastics
The technical rules for the Japanese version of men's rhythmic gymnastics came around the 1970s. For individuals, only four types of apparatus are used: the double rings, the stick, the rope, and the clubs. Groups do not use any apparatus. The Japanese version includes tumbling performed on a spring floor. Points are a...
What apparatuses do groups use?
{ "text": [ "Groups do not use any apparatus" ], "answer_start": [ 207 ] }
570ce23eb3d812140066d2ef
Gymnastics
The technical rules for the Japanese version of men's rhythmic gymnastics came around the 1970s. For individuals, only four types of apparatus are used: the double rings, the stick, the rope, and the clubs. Groups do not use any apparatus. The Japanese version includes tumbling performed on a spring floor. Points are a...
When did Japan hold the first of the Men's Rhythmic Gymnastics World Champtionship?
{ "text": [ "November 27–29, 2003" ], "answer_start": [ 431 ] }
570ce35bfed7b91900d45a85
Gymnastics
The word gymnastics derives from the common Greek adjective γυμνός (gymnos) meaning "naked", by way of the related verb γυμνάζω (gymnazo), whose meaning is to train naked", "train in gymnastic exercise", generally "to train, to exercise". The verb had this meaning, because athletes in ancient times exercised and compet...
What Greek word did gymnastics derive from?
{ "text": [ "γυμνός (gymnos) meaning \"naked\"" ], "answer_start": [ 60 ] }
570ce35bfed7b91900d45a87
Gymnastics
The word gymnastics derives from the common Greek adjective γυμνός (gymnos) meaning "naked", by way of the related verb γυμνάζω (gymnazo), whose meaning is to train naked", "train in gymnastic exercise", generally "to train, to exercise". The verb had this meaning, because athletes in ancient times exercised and compet...
Why was this verb used?
{ "text": [ "because athletes in ancient times exercised and competed without clothing" ], "answer_start": [ 266 ] }
570ce35bfed7b91900d45a88
Gymnastics
The word gymnastics derives from the common Greek adjective γυμνός (gymnos) meaning "naked", by way of the related verb γυμνάζω (gymnazo), whose meaning is to train naked", "train in gymnastic exercise", generally "to train, to exercise". The verb had this meaning, because athletes in ancient times exercised and compet...
When did the word come into use?
{ "text": [ "1570s" ], "answer_start": [ 365 ] }
570ce418fed7b91900d45a8d
Gymnastics
By 1954, Olympic Games apparatus and events for both men and women had been standardized in modern format, and uniform grading structures (including a point system from 1 to 15) had been agreed upon. At this time, Soviet gymnasts astounded the world with highly disciplined and difficult performances, setting a preceden...
What year was the Olympic Games apparatus and events standardized?
{ "text": [ "1954" ], "answer_start": [ 3 ] }
570ce418fed7b91900d45a8e
Gymnastics
By 1954, Olympic Games apparatus and events for both men and women had been standardized in modern format, and uniform grading structures (including a point system from 1 to 15) had been agreed upon. At this time, Soviet gymnasts astounded the world with highly disciplined and difficult performances, setting a preceden...
What is the grading structure?
{ "text": [ "a point system from 1 to 15" ], "answer_start": [ 149 ] }
570ce418fed7b91900d45a8f
Gymnastics
By 1954, Olympic Games apparatus and events for both men and women had been standardized in modern format, and uniform grading structures (including a point system from 1 to 15) had been agreed upon. At this time, Soviet gymnasts astounded the world with highly disciplined and difficult performances, setting a preceden...
Who set the first precedent that continues this day?
{ "text": [ "Soviet gymnasts" ], "answer_start": [ 214 ] }
570ce418fed7b91900d45a90
Gymnastics
By 1954, Olympic Games apparatus and events for both men and women had been standardized in modern format, and uniform grading structures (including a point system from 1 to 15) had been agreed upon. At this time, Soviet gymnasts astounded the world with highly disciplined and difficult performances, setting a preceden...
Who recieved the first perfect score?
{ "text": [ "Nadia Comăneci" ], "answer_start": [ 568 ] }
570ce418fed7b91900d45a91
Gymnastics
By 1954, Olympic Games apparatus and events for both men and women had been standardized in modern format, and uniform grading structures (including a point system from 1 to 15) had been agreed upon. At this time, Soviet gymnasts astounded the world with highly disciplined and difficult performances, setting a preceden...
What year and where was the first perfect score given?
{ "text": [ "1976 Summer Olympics held in Montreal, Canada" ], "answer_start": [ 624 ] }
570ce4cfb3d812140066d2ff
Gymnastics
A typical pommel horse exercise involves both single leg and double leg work. Single leg skills are generally found in the form of scissors, an element often done on the pommels. Double leg work however, is the main staple of this event. The gymnast swings both legs in a circular motion (clockwise or counterclockwise d...
What does a typical pommel horse exercise consist of?
{ "text": [ "both single leg and double leg work" ], "answer_start": [ 41 ] }
570ce4cfb3d812140066d300
Gymnastics
A typical pommel horse exercise involves both single leg and double leg work. Single leg skills are generally found in the form of scissors, an element often done on the pommels. Double leg work however, is the main staple of this event. The gymnast swings both legs in a circular motion (clockwise or counterclockwise d...
Single leg skills are found in the form of what normally?
{ "text": [ "form of scissors, an element often done on the pommels" ], "answer_start": [ 123 ] }
570ce4cfb3d812140066d301
Gymnastics
A typical pommel horse exercise involves both single leg and double leg work. Single leg skills are generally found in the form of scissors, an element often done on the pommels. Double leg work however, is the main staple of this event. The gymnast swings both legs in a circular motion (clockwise or counterclockwise d...
What is the main staple of this event?
{ "text": [ "Double leg work" ], "answer_start": [ 179 ] }
570ce4cfb3d812140066d302
Gymnastics
A typical pommel horse exercise involves both single leg and double leg work. Single leg skills are generally found in the form of scissors, an element often done on the pommels. Double leg work however, is the main staple of this event. The gymnast swings both legs in a circular motion (clockwise or counterclockwise d...
When does the routine end?
{ "text": [ "when the gymnast performs a dismount" ], "answer_start": [ 590 ] }
570ce79dfed7b91900d45ab3
Gymnastics
In a tumbling pass, dismount or vault, landing is the final phase, following take off and flight This is a critical skill in terms of execution in competition scores, general performance, and injury occurrence. Without the necessary magnitude of energy dissipation during impact, the risk of sustaining injuries during s...
What is a critical skill in terms of execution in scores?
{ "text": [ "landing" ], "answer_start": [ 39 ] }
570ce79dfed7b91900d45ab5
Gymnastics
In a tumbling pass, dismount or vault, landing is the final phase, following take off and flight This is a critical skill in terms of execution in competition scores, general performance, and injury occurrence. Without the necessary magnitude of energy dissipation during impact, the risk of sustaining injuries during s...
How do you avoid injuries?
{ "text": [ "proper technique must be used by the gymnast" ], "answer_start": [ 537 ] }
570ce830fed7b91900d45abc
Gymnastics
Individual routines in trampolining involve a build-up phase during which the gymnast jumps repeatedly to achieve height, followed by a sequence of ten bounces without pause during which the gymnast performs a sequence of aerial skills. Routines are marked out of a maximum score of 10 points. Additional points (with no...
What does the gymnast do during the 10 bounces.
{ "text": [ "a sequence of aerial skills" ], "answer_start": [ 208 ] }
570ce830fed7b91900d45abd
Gymnastics
Individual routines in trampolining involve a build-up phase during which the gymnast jumps repeatedly to achieve height, followed by a sequence of ten bounces without pause during which the gymnast performs a sequence of aerial skills. Routines are marked out of a maximum score of 10 points. Additional points (with no...
What is the maximum scroe for routines?
{ "text": [ "10 points" ], "answer_start": [ 283 ] }
570ce830fed7b91900d45abf
Gymnastics
Individual routines in trampolining involve a build-up phase during which the gymnast jumps repeatedly to achieve height, followed by a sequence of ten bounces without pause during which the gymnast performs a sequence of aerial skills. Routines are marked out of a maximum score of 10 points. Additional points (with no...
In high level competitions how many preliminary rountines are there?
{ "text": [ "two preliminary routines" ], "answer_start": [ 575 ] }
570ce8b4fed7b91900d45ac5
Gymnastics
On the uneven bars, the gymnast performs a routine on two horizontal bars set at different heights. These bars are made of fiberglass covered in wood laminate, to prevent them from breaking. In the past, bars were made of wood, but the bars were prone to breaking, providing an incentive to switch to newer technologies....
What are the uneven bars?
{ "text": [ "two horizontal bars set at different heights" ], "answer_start": [ 54 ] }
570ce8b4fed7b91900d45ac6
Gymnastics
On the uneven bars, the gymnast performs a routine on two horizontal bars set at different heights. These bars are made of fiberglass covered in wood laminate, to prevent them from breaking. In the past, bars were made of wood, but the bars were prone to breaking, providing an incentive to switch to newer technologies....
What are these bars made out of?
{ "text": [ "fiberglass covered in wood laminate" ], "answer_start": [ 123 ] }
570ce8b4fed7b91900d45ac7
Gymnastics
On the uneven bars, the gymnast performs a routine on two horizontal bars set at different heights. These bars are made of fiberglass covered in wood laminate, to prevent them from breaking. In the past, bars were made of wood, but the bars were prone to breaking, providing an incentive to switch to newer technologies....
Why are the bars not made of wood anymore?
{ "text": [ "the bars were prone to breaking," ], "answer_start": [ 232 ] }
570ce8b4fed7b91900d45ac8
Gymnastics
On the uneven bars, the gymnast performs a routine on two horizontal bars set at different heights. These bars are made of fiberglass covered in wood laminate, to prevent them from breaking. In the past, bars were made of wood, but the bars were prone to breaking, providing an incentive to switch to newer technologies....
How have the bars changed over the years?
{ "text": [ "They've been moved increasingly further apart" ], "answer_start": [ 431 ] }
570ce8b4fed7b91900d45ac9
Gymnastics
On the uneven bars, the gymnast performs a routine on two horizontal bars set at different heights. These bars are made of fiberglass covered in wood laminate, to prevent them from breaking. In the past, bars were made of wood, but the bars were prone to breaking, providing an incentive to switch to newer technologies....
How do gymnasts normally mount the uneven bars?
{ "text": [ "using a springboard, or a small mat" ], "answer_start": [ 713 ] }
570ce94dfed7b91900d45acf
Gymnastics
A higher flight phase results in a higher vertical ground reaction force. Vertical ground reaction force represents external force which the gymnasts have to overcome with their muscle force and has an impact on the gymnasts linear and angular momentum. Another important variable that affects linear and angular momentu...
What does a higher flight phase result in?
{ "text": [ "a higher vertical ground reaction force" ], "answer_start": [ 33 ] }
570ce94dfed7b91900d45ad1
Gymnastics
A higher flight phase results in a higher vertical ground reaction force. Vertical ground reaction force represents external force which the gymnasts have to overcome with their muscle force and has an impact on the gymnasts linear and angular momentum. Another important variable that affects linear and angular momentu...
What else is an important aspect that affects linear and agular movements?
{ "text": [ "time the landing takes Gymnasts" ], "answer_start": [ 325 ] }
570ce9e1b3d812140066d309
Gymnastics
Aerobic gymnastics (formally Sport Aerobics) involves the performance of routines by individuals, pairs, trios or groups up to 6 people, emphasizing strength, flexibility, and aerobic fitness rather than acrobatic or balance skills. Routines are performed for all individuals on a 7x7m floor and also for 12–14 and 15-17...
What was aerobic gymnastics called orginally?
{ "text": [ "Sport Aerobics" ], "answer_start": [ 29 ] }
570ce9e1b3d812140066d30b
Gymnastics
Aerobic gymnastics (formally Sport Aerobics) involves the performance of routines by individuals, pairs, trios or groups up to 6 people, emphasizing strength, flexibility, and aerobic fitness rather than acrobatic or balance skills. Routines are performed for all individuals on a 7x7m floor and also for 12–14 and 15-17...
How many people can be in a routine?
{ "text": [ "individuals, pairs, trios or groups up to 6 people" ], "answer_start": [ 85 ] }
570ce9e1b3d812140066d30c
Gymnastics
Aerobic gymnastics (formally Sport Aerobics) involves the performance of routines by individuals, pairs, trios or groups up to 6 people, emphasizing strength, flexibility, and aerobic fitness rather than acrobatic or balance skills. Routines are performed for all individuals on a 7x7m floor and also for 12–14 and 15-17...
What is the size of the mat?
{ "text": [ "7x7m" ], "answer_start": [ 281 ] }
570ceadbfed7b91900d45ad5
Gymnastics
General gymnastics enables people of all ages and abilities to participate in performance groups of 6 to more than 150 athletes. They perform synchronized, choreographed routines. Troupes may consist of both genders and are not separated into age divisions. The largest general gymnastics exhibition is the quadrennial W...
What kind of routines do general gymnastic groups perform?
{ "text": [ "synchronized, choreographed routines" ], "answer_start": [ 142 ] }
570ceadbfed7b91900d45ad6
Gymnastics
General gymnastics enables people of all ages and abilities to participate in performance groups of 6 to more than 150 athletes. They perform synchronized, choreographed routines. Troupes may consist of both genders and are not separated into age divisions. The largest general gymnastics exhibition is the quadrennial W...
What do the troupes consist of?
{ "text": [ "of both genders and are not separated into age divisions" ], "answer_start": [ 200 ] }
570ceadbfed7b91900d45ad7
Gymnastics
General gymnastics enables people of all ages and abilities to participate in performance groups of 6 to more than 150 athletes. They perform synchronized, choreographed routines. Troupes may consist of both genders and are not separated into age divisions. The largest general gymnastics exhibition is the quadrennial W...
When was the first World Gymnaestrada held?
{ "text": [ "1939" ], "answer_start": [ 362 ] }
570ceadbfed7b91900d45ad8
Gymnastics
General gymnastics enables people of all ages and abilities to participate in performance groups of 6 to more than 150 athletes. They perform synchronized, choreographed routines. Troupes may consist of both genders and are not separated into age divisions. The largest general gymnastics exhibition is the quadrennial W...
What was the first Sport Program recongized by FIG?
{ "text": [ "Gymnastics for All" ], "answer_start": [ 376 ] }
570ceadbfed7b91900d45ad9
Gymnastics
General gymnastics enables people of all ages and abilities to participate in performance groups of 6 to more than 150 athletes. They perform synchronized, choreographed routines. Troupes may consist of both genders and are not separated into age divisions. The largest general gymnastics exhibition is the quadrennial W...
How many participants are there?
{ "text": [ "30 million" ], "answer_start": [ 590 ] }
570ceb3bfed7b91900d45ae0
Gymnastics
Gymnastics is a sport involving the performance of exercises requiring strength, flexibility, balance and control. Internationally, all events are governed by the Fédération Internationale de Gymnastique (FIG). Each country has its own national governing body (BIW) affiliated to FIG. Competitive artistic gymnastics is ...
Who governs all events in gymnastics?
{ "text": [ "Fédération Internationale de Gymnastique (FIG)" ], "answer_start": [ 163 ] }
570ceb3bfed7b91900d45ae2
Gymnastics
Gymnastics is a sport involving the performance of exercises requiring strength, flexibility, balance and control. Internationally, all events are governed by the Fédération Internationale de Gymnastique (FIG). Each country has its own national governing body (BIW) affiliated to FIG. Competitive artistic gymnastics is ...
What are the best known gymnastic events?
{ "text": [ "Competitive artistic gymnastics" ], "answer_start": [ 285 ] }
570ceb3bfed7b91900d45ae3
Gymnastics
Gymnastics is a sport involving the performance of exercises requiring strength, flexibility, balance and control. Internationally, all events are governed by the Fédération Internationale de Gymnastique (FIG). Each country has its own national governing body (BIW) affiliated to FIG. Competitive artistic gymnastics is ...
What events does this normally consist of for women?
{ "text": [ "vault, uneven bars, balance beam, and floor exercise." ], "answer_start": [ 404 ] }
570cebbdb3d812140066d313
Gymnastics
In the late eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century Germany, three pioneer physical educators – Johann Friedrich GutsMuths (1759–1839) and Friedrich Ludwig Jahn (1778–1852) – created exercises for boys and young men on apparatus they had designed that ultimately led to what is considered modern gymnastics. Don Francis...
What two Germans were known for creating exercises on apparauses?
{ "text": [ "Johann Friedrich GutsMuths (1759–1839) and Friedrich Ludwig Jahn (1778–1852)" ], "answer_start": [ 97 ] }
570cebbdb3d812140066d314
Gymnastics
In the late eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century Germany, three pioneer physical educators – Johann Friedrich GutsMuths (1759–1839) and Friedrich Ludwig Jahn (1778–1852) – created exercises for boys and young men on apparatus they had designed that ultimately led to what is considered modern gymnastics. Don Francis...
What did the exercises lead to?
{ "text": [ "to what is considered modern gymnastics" ], "answer_start": [ 268 ] }
570cebbdb3d812140066d315
Gymnastics
In the late eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century Germany, three pioneer physical educators – Johann Friedrich GutsMuths (1759–1839) and Friedrich Ludwig Jahn (1778–1852) – created exercises for boys and young men on apparatus they had designed that ultimately led to what is considered modern gymnastics. Don Francis...
Who introduced educative gymnastics in France?
{ "text": [ "Don Francisco Amorós y Ondeano" ], "answer_start": [ 309 ] }
570cebbdb3d812140066d316
Gymnastics
In the late eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century Germany, three pioneer physical educators – Johann Friedrich GutsMuths (1759–1839) and Friedrich Ludwig Jahn (1778–1852) – created exercises for boys and young men on apparatus they had designed that ultimately led to what is considered modern gymnastics. Don Francis...
What did Jahn promote the use of?
{ "text": [ "parallel bars, rings and high bar" ], "answer_start": [ 535 ] }
570cec4dfed7b91900d45ae9
Gymnastics
In 2006, FIG introduced a new points system for Artistic gymnastics in which scores are no longer limited to 10 points. The system is used in the US for elite level competition. Unlike the old code of points, there are two separate scores, an execution score and a difficulty score. In the previous system, the "executio...
When did FIG decide that scores are no longer limited to 10 points?
{ "text": [ "2006" ], "answer_start": [ 3 ] }
570cec4dfed7b91900d45aea
Gymnastics
In 2006, FIG introduced a new points system for Artistic gymnastics in which scores are no longer limited to 10 points. The system is used in the US for elite level competition. Unlike the old code of points, there are two separate scores, an execution score and a difficulty score. In the previous system, the "executio...
What are the two different scores?
{ "text": [ "an execution score and a difficulty score" ], "answer_start": [ 240 ] }
570cec4dfed7b91900d45aeb
Gymnastics
In 2006, FIG introduced a new points system for Artistic gymnastics in which scores are no longer limited to 10 points. The system is used in the US for elite level competition. Unlike the old code of points, there are two separate scores, an execution score and a difficulty score. In the previous system, the "executio...
What score was added?
{ "text": [ "difficulty score" ], "answer_start": [ 265 ] }
570cec4dfed7b91900d45aec
Gymnastics
In 2006, FIG introduced a new points system for Artistic gymnastics in which scores are no longer limited to 10 points. The system is used in the US for elite level competition. Unlike the old code of points, there are two separate scores, an execution score and a difficulty score. In the previous system, the "executio...
How much is a fall deduction?
{ "text": [ "1.00 deduction" ], "answer_start": [ 486 ] }
570cec4dfed7b91900d45aed
Gymnastics
In 2006, FIG introduced a new points system for Artistic gymnastics in which scores are no longer limited to 10 points. The system is used in the US for elite level competition. Unlike the old code of points, there are two separate scores, an execution score and a difficulty score. In the previous system, the "executio...
What is a gymnast's difficulty score based on?
{ "text": [ "what elements they perform" ], "answer_start": [ 638 ] }
570cecc0b3d812140066d31c
Gymnastics
In the past, the floor exercise event was executed on the bare floor or mats such as wrestling mats. Today, the floor event occurs on a carpeted 12m × 12m square, usually consisting of hard foam over a layer of plywood, which is supported by springs or foam blocks generally called a "spring" floor. This provides a firm...
What was the floor exercise even on before?
{ "text": [ "the bare floor or mats such as wrestling mats" ], "answer_start": [ 54 ] }
570cecc0b3d812140066d31d
Gymnastics
In the past, the floor exercise event was executed on the bare floor or mats such as wrestling mats. Today, the floor event occurs on a carpeted 12m × 12m square, usually consisting of hard foam over a layer of plywood, which is supported by springs or foam blocks generally called a "spring" floor. This provides a firm...
Why helps add an extra bounce to the floor?
{ "text": [ "springs or foam blocks generally called a \"spring\" floor" ], "answer_start": [ 242 ] }
570cecc0b3d812140066d31e
Gymnastics
In the past, the floor exercise event was executed on the bare floor or mats such as wrestling mats. Today, the floor event occurs on a carpeted 12m × 12m square, usually consisting of hard foam over a layer of plywood, which is supported by springs or foam blocks generally called a "spring" floor. This provides a firm...
What is the maximum for floor events?
{ "text": [ "up to 90 seconds" ], "answer_start": [ 515 ] }
570ced3efed7b91900d45af4
Gymnastics
In tumbling, athletes perform an explosive series of flips and twists down a sprung tumbling track. Scoring is similar to trampolining. Tumbling was originally contested as one of the events in Men's Artistic Gymnastics at the 1932 Summer Olympics, and in 1955 and 1959 at the Pan American Games. From 1974 to 1998 it wa...
When was tumbling orginally contested at the Olympics?
{ "text": [ "1932" ], "answer_start": [ 227 ] }
570ced3efed7b91900d45af5
Gymnastics
In tumbling, athletes perform an explosive series of flips and twists down a sprung tumbling track. Scoring is similar to trampolining. Tumbling was originally contested as one of the events in Men's Artistic Gymnastics at the 1932 Summer Olympics, and in 1955 and 1959 at the Pan American Games. From 1974 to 1998 it wa...
Where are offical tumbling competitions allowed?
{ "text": [ "only allowed as an event in Trampoline gymnastics meets" ], "answer_start": [ 617 ] }
570ced3efed7b91900d45af6
Gymnastics
In tumbling, athletes perform an explosive series of flips and twists down a sprung tumbling track. Scoring is similar to trampolining. Tumbling was originally contested as one of the events in Men's Artistic Gymnastics at the 1932 Summer Olympics, and in 1955 and 1959 at the Pan American Games. From 1974 to 1998 it wa...
What year did FIG reconginze Trampoline and Acrobatic Gymnastics?
{ "text": [ "1999" ], "answer_start": [ 576 ] }
570cedbbb3d812140066d32d
Gymnastics
Men's rhythmic gymnastics is related to both Men's artistic gymnastics and wushu martial arts. It emerged in Japan from stick gymnastics. Stick gymnastics has been taught and performed for many years with the aim of improving physical strength and health. Male athletes are judged on some of the same physical abilities ...
What are mens' rhythmic gymnastics related to?
{ "text": [ "both Men's artistic gymnastics and wushu martial arts" ], "answer_start": [ 40 ] }
570cedbbb3d812140066d32e
Gymnastics
Men's rhythmic gymnastics is related to both Men's artistic gymnastics and wushu martial arts. It emerged in Japan from stick gymnastics. Stick gymnastics has been taught and performed for many years with the aim of improving physical strength and health. Male athletes are judged on some of the same physical abilities ...
Where did mens' rhythmic gymnastics develop from?
{ "text": [ "stick gymnastics" ], "answer_start": [ 120 ] }
570cedbbb3d812140066d32f
Gymnastics
Men's rhythmic gymnastics is related to both Men's artistic gymnastics and wushu martial arts. It emerged in Japan from stick gymnastics. Stick gymnastics has been taught and performed for many years with the aim of improving physical strength and health. Male athletes are judged on some of the same physical abilities ...
What is the aim of stick gymnastics?
{ "text": [ "improving physical strength and health" ], "answer_start": [ 216 ] }
570cedbbb3d812140066d331
Gymnastics
Men's rhythmic gymnastics is related to both Men's artistic gymnastics and wushu martial arts. It emerged in Japan from stick gymnastics. Stick gymnastics has been taught and performed for many years with the aim of improving physical strength and health. Male athletes are judged on some of the same physical abilities ...
How many mens' rhythmic gymnasts were in Japan in 2002?
{ "text": [ "1000" ], "answer_start": [ 752 ] }
570c05b56b8089140040fb08
FC_Barcelona
Domestically, Barcelona has won 23 La Liga, 27 Copa del Rey, 11 Supercopa de España, 3 Copa Eva Duarte and 2 Copa de la Liga trophies, as well as being the record holder for the latter four competitions. In international club football, Barcelona has won five UEFA Champions League titles, a record four UEFA Cup Winners'...
How many UEFA Championship League titles has Barcelona won?
{ "text": [ "five" ], "answer_start": [ 254 ] }
570c05b56b8089140040fb09
FC_Barcelona
Domestically, Barcelona has won 23 La Liga, 27 Copa del Rey, 11 Supercopa de España, 3 Copa Eva Duarte and 2 Copa de la Liga trophies, as well as being the record holder for the latter four competitions. In international club football, Barcelona has won five UEFA Champions League titles, a record four UEFA Cup Winners'...
How many UEFA Cup Winners' Cup wins does Barcelona have?
{ "text": [ "four" ], "answer_start": [ 298 ] }
570c05b56b8089140040fb0a
FC_Barcelona
Domestically, Barcelona has won 23 La Liga, 27 Copa del Rey, 11 Supercopa de España, 3 Copa Eva Duarte and 2 Copa de la Liga trophies, as well as being the record holder for the latter four competitions. In international club football, Barcelona has won five UEFA Champions League titles, a record four UEFA Cup Winners'...
How many UEFA Super Cup wins does the Barcelona team have?
{ "text": [ "five" ], "answer_start": [ 342 ] }
570c05b56b8089140040fb0b
FC_Barcelona
Domestically, Barcelona has won 23 La Liga, 27 Copa del Rey, 11 Supercopa de España, 3 Copa Eva Duarte and 2 Copa de la Liga trophies, as well as being the record holder for the latter four competitions. In international club football, Barcelona has won five UEFA Champions League titles, a record four UEFA Cup Winners'...
How many FIFA Club World Cup trophies does football club Barcelona have?
{ "text": [ "three" ], "answer_start": [ 414 ] }
570c05b56b8089140040fb0c
FC_Barcelona
Domestically, Barcelona has won 23 La Liga, 27 Copa del Rey, 11 Supercopa de España, 3 Copa Eva Duarte and 2 Copa de la Liga trophies, as well as being the record holder for the latter four competitions. In international club football, Barcelona has won five UEFA Champions League titles, a record four UEFA Cup Winners'...
What club is Barcelona's long time rival?
{ "text": [ "Real Madrid" ], "answer_start": [ 657 ] }
570c0778ec8fbc190045bc1e
FC_Barcelona
On 14 June 1925, in a spontaneous reaction against Primo de Rivera's dictatorship, the crowd in the stadium jeered the Royal March. As a reprisal, the ground was closed for six months and Gamper was forced to relinquish the presidency of the club. This coincided with the transition to professional football, and, in 192...
In 1925 what incident by the crowd caused the closing of the stadium?
{ "text": [ "jeered the Royal March" ], "answer_start": [ 108 ] }
570c0778ec8fbc190045bc1f
FC_Barcelona
On 14 June 1925, in a spontaneous reaction against Primo de Rivera's dictatorship, the crowd in the stadium jeered the Royal March. As a reprisal, the ground was closed for six months and Gamper was forced to relinquish the presidency of the club. This coincided with the transition to professional football, and, in 192...
How long was the stadium closed?
{ "text": [ "six months" ], "answer_start": [ 173 ] }
570c0778ec8fbc190045bc20
FC_Barcelona
On 14 June 1925, in a spontaneous reaction against Primo de Rivera's dictatorship, the crowd in the stadium jeered the Royal March. As a reprisal, the ground was closed for six months and Gamper was forced to relinquish the presidency of the club. This coincided with the transition to professional football, and, in 192...
What year did Barcelona claim to be a professional football club?
{ "text": [ "1926" ], "answer_start": [ 317 ] }
570c0778ec8fbc190045bc21
FC_Barcelona
On 14 June 1925, in a spontaneous reaction against Primo de Rivera's dictatorship, the crowd in the stadium jeered the Royal March. As a reprisal, the ground was closed for six months and Gamper was forced to relinquish the presidency of the club. This coincided with the transition to professional football, and, in 192...
When did Barcelona win the Spanish League?
{ "text": [ "23 June 1929" ], "answer_start": [ 898 ] }
570c0778ec8fbc190045bc22
FC_Barcelona
On 14 June 1925, in a spontaneous reaction against Primo de Rivera's dictatorship, the crowd in the stadium jeered the Royal March. As a reprisal, the ground was closed for six months and Gamper was forced to relinquish the presidency of the club. This coincided with the transition to professional football, and, in 192...
What past president of the Barcelona club committed suicide in 1930?
{ "text": [ "Gamper" ], "answer_start": [ 1012 ] }
570c0c53ec8fbc190045bc32
FC_Barcelona
The 1973–74 season saw the arrival of Johan Cruyff, who was bought for a world record £920,000 from Ajax. Already an established player with Ajax, Cruyff quickly won over the Barcelona fans when he told the European press that he chose Barcelona over Real Madrid because he could not play for a club associated with Fran...
How much did Barcelona pay to acquire Johan Cruyff?
{ "text": [ "£920,000" ], "answer_start": [ 86 ] }