id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringlengths 3 59 | context stringlengths 151 3.71k | question stringlengths 12 217 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
5728479b4b864d19001648b2 | Estonia | On St. George's Night (Estonian: Jüriöö ülestõus) 23 April 1343, the indigenous Estonian population in the Duchy of Estonia, the Bishopric of Ösel-Wiek and the insular territories of the State of the Teutonic Order tried to rid themselves of the Danish and German rulers and landlords, who had conquered the country in t... | What is the date of St. George's Night? | {
"text": [
"23 April 1343"
],
"answer_start": [
50
]
} |
5728479b4b864d19001648b3 | Estonia | On St. George's Night (Estonian: Jüriöö ülestõus) 23 April 1343, the indigenous Estonian population in the Duchy of Estonia, the Bishopric of Ösel-Wiek and the insular territories of the State of the Teutonic Order tried to rid themselves of the Danish and German rulers and landlords, who had conquered the country in t... | When did the indigenous Estonians try to overthrow their Danish and German rulers? | {
"text": [
"St. George's Night"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
5728479b4b864d19001648b4 | Estonia | On St. George's Night (Estonian: Jüriöö ülestõus) 23 April 1343, the indigenous Estonian population in the Duchy of Estonia, the Bishopric of Ösel-Wiek and the insular territories of the State of the Teutonic Order tried to rid themselves of the Danish and German rulers and landlords, who had conquered the country in t... | What belief system did the native Estonians try to remove? | {
"text": [
"the non-indigenous Christian religion"
],
"answer_start": [
382
]
} |
5728479b4b864d19001648b5 | Estonia | On St. George's Night (Estonian: Jüriöö ülestõus) 23 April 1343, the indigenous Estonian population in the Duchy of Estonia, the Bishopric of Ösel-Wiek and the insular territories of the State of the Teutonic Order tried to rid themselves of the Danish and German rulers and landlords, who had conquered the country in t... | What event ended the uprising? | {
"text": [
"the invasion of the Teutonic Order."
],
"answer_start": [
467
]
} |
5728479b4b864d19001648b6 | Estonia | On St. George's Night (Estonian: Jüriöö ülestõus) 23 April 1343, the indigenous Estonian population in the Duchy of Estonia, the Bishopric of Ösel-Wiek and the insular territories of the State of the Teutonic Order tried to rid themselves of the Danish and German rulers and landlords, who had conquered the country in t... | What date did sovereignty shift from the state of Denmark? | {
"text": [
"1 November 1346"
],
"answer_start": [
696
]
} |
5728484dff5b5019007da0ce | Estonia | From 1228, after of the Livonian Crusade, through the 1560s, Estonia was part of Terra Mariana, established on 2 February 1207 as a principality of the Holy Roman Empire and proclaimed by Pope Innocent III in 1215 as subject to the Holy See. The southern parts of the country were conquered by Livonian Brothers of the S... | When was Terra Mariana established? | {
"text": [
"2 February 1207"
],
"answer_start": [
111
]
} |
5728484dff5b5019007da0cf | Estonia | From 1228, after of the Livonian Crusade, through the 1560s, Estonia was part of Terra Mariana, established on 2 February 1207 as a principality of the Holy Roman Empire and proclaimed by Pope Innocent III in 1215 as subject to the Holy See. The southern parts of the country were conquered by Livonian Brothers of the S... | Who ruled the southern parts of Estonia? | {
"text": [
"Livonian Brothers of the Sword"
],
"answer_start": [
294
]
} |
5728484dff5b5019007da0d0 | Estonia | From 1228, after of the Livonian Crusade, through the 1560s, Estonia was part of Terra Mariana, established on 2 February 1207 as a principality of the Holy Roman Empire and proclaimed by Pope Innocent III in 1215 as subject to the Holy See. The southern parts of the country were conquered by Livonian Brothers of the S... | What year did the Livonian Brothers join the Teutonic Order? | {
"text": [
"1237"
],
"answer_start": [
358
]
} |
5728484dff5b5019007da0d1 | Estonia | From 1228, after of the Livonian Crusade, through the 1560s, Estonia was part of Terra Mariana, established on 2 February 1207 as a principality of the Holy Roman Empire and proclaimed by Pope Innocent III in 1215 as subject to the Holy See. The southern parts of the country were conquered by Livonian Brothers of the S... | What year did the King of Denmark sell Estonia to the Teutonic Order? | {
"text": [
"1346"
],
"answer_start": [
553
]
} |
5728484dff5b5019007da0d2 | Estonia | From 1228, after of the Livonian Crusade, through the 1560s, Estonia was part of Terra Mariana, established on 2 February 1207 as a principality of the Holy Roman Empire and proclaimed by Pope Innocent III in 1215 as subject to the Holy See. The southern parts of the country were conquered by Livonian Brothers of the S... | Who did Estonia rebel against in 1343? | {
"text": [
"German rule"
],
"answer_start": [
703
]
} |
5728a94c4b864d1900164bbe | Estonia | After the decline of the Teutonic Order following its defeat in the Battle of Grunwald in 1410, and the defeat of the Livonian Order in the Battle of Swienta on 1 September 1435, the Livonian Confederation Agreement was signed on 4 December 1435. The Livonian Confederation ceased to exist during the Livonian War (1558–... | When did the Battle of Grunwald take place? | {
"text": [
"1410"
],
"answer_start": [
90
]
} |
5728a94c4b864d1900164bbf | Estonia | After the decline of the Teutonic Order following its defeat in the Battle of Grunwald in 1410, and the defeat of the Livonian Order in the Battle of Swienta on 1 September 1435, the Livonian Confederation Agreement was signed on 4 December 1435. The Livonian Confederation ceased to exist during the Livonian War (1558–... | What event preceded the decline of the Teutonic Order? | {
"text": [
"the Battle of Grunwald"
],
"answer_start": [
64
]
} |
5728a94c4b864d1900164bc0 | Estonia | After the decline of the Teutonic Order following its defeat in the Battle of Grunwald in 1410, and the defeat of the Livonian Order in the Battle of Swienta on 1 September 1435, the Livonian Confederation Agreement was signed on 4 December 1435. The Livonian Confederation ceased to exist during the Livonian War (1558–... | Who did the Estonians defeat in the Battle of Swienta? | {
"text": [
"the Livonian Order"
],
"answer_start": [
114
]
} |
5728a94c4b864d1900164bc1 | Estonia | After the decline of the Teutonic Order following its defeat in the Battle of Grunwald in 1410, and the defeat of the Livonian Order in the Battle of Swienta on 1 September 1435, the Livonian Confederation Agreement was signed on 4 December 1435. The Livonian Confederation ceased to exist during the Livonian War (1558–... | What is date of the Battle of Swienta? | {
"text": [
"1 September 1435"
],
"answer_start": [
161
]
} |
5728a94c4b864d1900164bc2 | Estonia | After the decline of the Teutonic Order following its defeat in the Battle of Grunwald in 1410, and the defeat of the Livonian Order in the Battle of Swienta on 1 September 1435, the Livonian Confederation Agreement was signed on 4 December 1435. The Livonian Confederation ceased to exist during the Livonian War (1558–... | When was the Livonian Confederation Agreement signed? | {
"text": [
"4 December 1435"
],
"answer_start": [
230
]
} |
5728a9eeff5b5019007da3e2 | Estonia | The Reformation in Europe officially began in 1517 with Martin Luther (1483–1546) and his 95 Theses. The Reformation greatly changed the Baltic region. Its ideas came quickly to the Livonian Confederation and by the 1520s were widespread. Language, education, religion and politics were transformed. Church services were... | When did the The Reformation in Europe start? | {
"text": [
"1517"
],
"answer_start": [
46
]
} |
5728a9eeff5b5019007da3e3 | Estonia | The Reformation in Europe officially began in 1517 with Martin Luther (1483–1546) and his 95 Theses. The Reformation greatly changed the Baltic region. Its ideas came quickly to the Livonian Confederation and by the 1520s were widespread. Language, education, religion and politics were transformed. Church services were... | Who led the The Reformation in Europe? | {
"text": [
"Martin Luther"
],
"answer_start": [
56
]
} |
5728a9eeff5b5019007da3e4 | Estonia | The Reformation in Europe officially began in 1517 with Martin Luther (1483–1546) and his 95 Theses. The Reformation greatly changed the Baltic region. Its ideas came quickly to the Livonian Confederation and by the 1520s were widespread. Language, education, religion and politics were transformed. Church services were... | What was the year of Martin Luther's death? | {
"text": [
"1546"
],
"answer_start": [
76
]
} |
5728a9eeff5b5019007da3e5 | Estonia | The Reformation in Europe officially began in 1517 with Martin Luther (1483–1546) and his 95 Theses. The Reformation greatly changed the Baltic region. Its ideas came quickly to the Livonian Confederation and by the 1520s were widespread. Language, education, religion and politics were transformed. Church services were... | What parts of society did the Reformation change? | {
"text": [
"Language, education, religion and politics"
],
"answer_start": [
239
]
} |
5728a9eeff5b5019007da3e6 | Estonia | The Reformation in Europe officially began in 1517 with Martin Luther (1483–1546) and his 95 Theses. The Reformation greatly changed the Baltic region. Its ideas came quickly to the Livonian Confederation and by the 1520s were widespread. Language, education, religion and politics were transformed. Church services were... | What was the previous language of the church? | {
"text": [
"Latin"
],
"answer_start": [
367
]
} |
5728aaa53acd2414000dfc6b | Estonia | As a result of the abolition of serfdom and the availability of education to the native Estonian-speaking population, an active Estonian nationalist movement developed in the 19th century.[citation needed] It began on a cultural level, resulting in the establishment of Estonian language literature, theatre and professi... | What form of servitude was eliminated? | {
"text": [
"serfdom"
],
"answer_start": [
32
]
} |
5728aaa53acd2414000dfc6c | Estonia | As a result of the abolition of serfdom and the availability of education to the native Estonian-speaking population, an active Estonian nationalist movement developed in the 19th century.[citation needed] It began on a cultural level, resulting in the establishment of Estonian language literature, theatre and professi... | When did the Estonian nationalist movement begin? | {
"text": [
"19th century"
],
"answer_start": [
175
]
} |
5728aaa53acd2414000dfc6d | Estonia | As a result of the abolition of serfdom and the availability of education to the native Estonian-speaking population, an active Estonian nationalist movement developed in the 19th century.[citation needed] It began on a cultural level, resulting in the establishment of Estonian language literature, theatre and professi... | The development of Estonian national identity was accompanied with what era? | {
"text": [
"the Age of Awakening"
],
"answer_start": [
397
]
} |
5728aaa53acd2414000dfc6e | Estonia | As a result of the abolition of serfdom and the availability of education to the native Estonian-speaking population, an active Estonian nationalist movement developed in the 19th century.[citation needed] It began on a cultural level, resulting in the establishment of Estonian language literature, theatre and professi... | Who were the leaders of the Age of Awakening? | {
"text": [
"Johann Voldemar Jannsen, Jakob Hurt and Carl Robert Jakobson."
],
"answer_start": [
458
]
} |
5728ab303acd2414000dfc7d | Estonia | On 14 June, while the world's attention was focused on the fall of Paris to Nazi Germany a day earlier, the Soviet military blockade on Estonia went into effect, two Soviet bombers downed the Finnish passenger aeroplane "Kaleva" flying from Tallinn to Helsinki carrying three diplomatic pouches from the US delegations i... | What capital of France was lost to the Nazi Germans? | {
"text": [
"Paris"
],
"answer_start": [
67
]
} |
5728ab303acd2414000dfc7e | Estonia | On 14 June, while the world's attention was focused on the fall of Paris to Nazi Germany a day earlier, the Soviet military blockade on Estonia went into effect, two Soviet bombers downed the Finnish passenger aeroplane "Kaleva" flying from Tallinn to Helsinki carrying three diplomatic pouches from the US delegations i... | When did the Soviet army initiate their blockade on Estonia? | {
"text": [
"14 June"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
5728ab303acd2414000dfc7f | Estonia | On 14 June, while the world's attention was focused on the fall of Paris to Nazi Germany a day earlier, the Soviet military blockade on Estonia went into effect, two Soviet bombers downed the Finnish passenger aeroplane "Kaleva" flying from Tallinn to Helsinki carrying three diplomatic pouches from the US delegations i... | What was the name of the Finnish aeroplane attacked by the Soviets? | {
"text": [
"Kaleva"
],
"answer_start": [
221
]
} |
5728ab303acd2414000dfc80 | Estonia | On 14 June, while the world's attention was focused on the fall of Paris to Nazi Germany a day earlier, the Soviet military blockade on Estonia went into effect, two Soviet bombers downed the Finnish passenger aeroplane "Kaleva" flying from Tallinn to Helsinki carrying three diplomatic pouches from the US delegations i... | Where was the destination of Kaleva? | {
"text": [
"Helsinki"
],
"answer_start": [
252
]
} |
5728abc13acd2414000dfc99 | Estonia | Most of the Estonian Defence Forces surrendered according to the orders of the Estonian government, believing that resistance was useless and were disarmed by the Red Army. Only the Estonian Independent Signal Battalion showed resistance to Red Army and Communist militia "People's Self-Defence" units in front of the XX... | Who commanded the defense of the Estonia to surrender? | {
"text": [
"the Estonian government"
],
"answer_start": [
75
]
} |
5728abc13acd2414000dfc9a | Estonia | Most of the Estonian Defence Forces surrendered according to the orders of the Estonian government, believing that resistance was useless and were disarmed by the Red Army. Only the Estonian Independent Signal Battalion showed resistance to Red Army and Communist militia "People's Self-Defence" units in front of the XX... | Who disarmed the Estonian Defence Forces? | {
"text": [
"the Red Army"
],
"answer_start": [
159
]
} |
5728abc13acd2414000dfc9b | Estonia | Most of the Estonian Defence Forces surrendered according to the orders of the Estonian government, believing that resistance was useless and were disarmed by the Red Army. Only the Estonian Independent Signal Battalion showed resistance to Red Army and Communist militia "People's Self-Defence" units in front of the XX... | What was the name of the single unit that didn't surrender? | {
"text": [
"the Estonian Independent Signal Battalion"
],
"answer_start": [
178
]
} |
5728abc13acd2414000dfc9c | Estonia | Most of the Estonian Defence Forces surrendered according to the orders of the Estonian government, believing that resistance was useless and were disarmed by the Red Army. Only the Estonian Independent Signal Battalion showed resistance to Red Army and Communist militia "People's Self-Defence" units in front of the XX... | When did the Estonian Independent Signal Battalion face off against the Soviets? | {
"text": [
"21 June"
],
"answer_start": [
351
]
} |
5728ac583acd2414000dfcab | Estonia | On 6 August 1940, Estonia was annexed by the Soviet Union as the Estonian SSR. The provisions in the Estonian constitution requiring a popular referendum to decide on joining a supra-national body were ignored. Instead the vote to join the Soviet Union was taken by those elected in the elections held the previous month... | What date was Estonia annexed by the Soviets? | {
"text": [
"6 August 1940"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
5728ac583acd2414000dfcac | Estonia | On 6 August 1940, Estonia was annexed by the Soviet Union as the Estonian SSR. The provisions in the Estonian constitution requiring a popular referendum to decide on joining a supra-national body were ignored. Instead the vote to join the Soviet Union was taken by those elected in the elections held the previous month... | Who annexed Estonia as the Estonian SSR? | {
"text": [
"the Soviet Union"
],
"answer_start": [
41
]
} |
5728ac583acd2414000dfcad | Estonia | On 6 August 1940, Estonia was annexed by the Soviet Union as the Estonian SSR. The provisions in the Estonian constitution requiring a popular referendum to decide on joining a supra-national body were ignored. Instead the vote to join the Soviet Union was taken by those elected in the elections held the previous month... | The rules of joining a super power were ignored from what document? | {
"text": [
"the Estonian constitution"
],
"answer_start": [
97
]
} |
5728ac583acd2414000dfcae | Estonia | On 6 August 1940, Estonia was annexed by the Soviet Union as the Estonian SSR. The provisions in the Estonian constitution requiring a popular referendum to decide on joining a supra-national body were ignored. Instead the vote to join the Soviet Union was taken by those elected in the elections held the previous month... | What system was used to decide on joining the Soviets? | {
"text": [
"elections"
],
"answer_start": [
287
]
} |
5728acd92ca10214002da59e | Estonia | After Germany invaded the Soviet Union on 22 June 1941, the Wehrmacht crossed the Estonian southern border on 7 July. The Red Army retreated behind the Pärnu River – Emajõgi line on 12 July. At the end of July the Germans resumed their advance in Estonia working in tandem with the Estonian Forest Brothers. Both German ... | What date did the Germans invade the Soviets? | {
"text": [
"22 June 1941"
],
"answer_start": [
42
]
} |
5728acd92ca10214002da59f | Estonia | After Germany invaded the Soviet Union on 22 June 1941, the Wehrmacht crossed the Estonian southern border on 7 July. The Red Army retreated behind the Pärnu River – Emajõgi line on 12 July. At the end of July the Germans resumed their advance in Estonia working in tandem with the Estonian Forest Brothers. Both German ... | When did the Werhmacht cross the south border of Estonia? | {
"text": [
"7 July"
],
"answer_start": [
110
]
} |
5728acd92ca10214002da5a0 | Estonia | After Germany invaded the Soviet Union on 22 June 1941, the Wehrmacht crossed the Estonian southern border on 7 July. The Red Army retreated behind the Pärnu River – Emajõgi line on 12 July. At the end of July the Germans resumed their advance in Estonia working in tandem with the Estonian Forest Brothers. Both German ... | What body of water did the Red Army retreat behind? | {
"text": [
"the Pärnu River"
],
"answer_start": [
148
]
} |
5728acd92ca10214002da5a1 | Estonia | After Germany invaded the Soviet Union on 22 June 1941, the Wehrmacht crossed the Estonian southern border on 7 July. The Red Army retreated behind the Pärnu River – Emajõgi line on 12 July. At the end of July the Germans resumed their advance in Estonia working in tandem with the Estonian Forest Brothers. Both German ... | When did the Red Army fall back to the Parnu River? | {
"text": [
"12 July"
],
"answer_start": [
182
]
} |
5728b0db2ca10214002da5d8 | Estonia | After Germany invaded the Soviet Union on 22 June 1941, the Wehrmacht crossed the Estonian southern border on 7 July. The Red Army retreated behind the Pärnu River – Emajõgi line on 12 July. At the end of July the Germans resumed their advance in Estonia working in tandem with the Estonian Forest Brothers. Both German ... | When did the Germans invade the Soviet Union? | {
"text": [
"22 June 1941"
],
"answer_start": [
42
]
} |
5728b0db2ca10214002da5d9 | Estonia | After Germany invaded the Soviet Union on 22 June 1941, the Wehrmacht crossed the Estonian southern border on 7 July. The Red Army retreated behind the Pärnu River – Emajõgi line on 12 July. At the end of July the Germans resumed their advance in Estonia working in tandem with the Estonian Forest Brothers. Both German ... | When did the Werhmacht cross south border of Estonia? | {
"text": [
"7 July"
],
"answer_start": [
110
]
} |
5728b0db2ca10214002da5db | Estonia | After Germany invaded the Soviet Union on 22 June 1941, the Wehrmacht crossed the Estonian southern border on 7 July. The Red Army retreated behind the Pärnu River – Emajõgi line on 12 July. At the end of July the Germans resumed their advance in Estonia working in tandem with the Estonian Forest Brothers. Both German ... | Who helped the Germans take over Estonia? | {
"text": [
"the Estonian Forest Brothers"
],
"answer_start": [
278
]
} |
5728b1624b864d1900164c36 | Estonia | Although initially the Germans were welcomed by most Estonians as liberators from the USSR and its oppressions, and hopes were raised for the restoration of the country's independence, it was soon realised that the Nazis were but another occupying power. The Germans used Estonia's resources for their war effort; for th... | What did the majority of Estonians view the Germans as? | {
"text": [
"liberators"
],
"answer_start": [
66
]
} |
5728b1624b864d1900164c37 | Estonia | Although initially the Germans were welcomed by most Estonians as liberators from the USSR and its oppressions, and hopes were raised for the restoration of the country's independence, it was soon realised that the Nazis were but another occupying power. The Germans used Estonia's resources for their war effort; for th... | Who was in control of Estonia before the Germans? | {
"text": [
"the USSR"
],
"answer_start": [
82
]
} |
5728b1624b864d1900164c38 | Estonia | Although initially the Germans were welcomed by most Estonians as liberators from the USSR and its oppressions, and hopes were raised for the restoration of the country's independence, it was soon realised that the Nazis were but another occupying power. The Germans used Estonia's resources for their war effort; for th... | What did Estonia hope to restore after the removal of the USSR? | {
"text": [
"the country's independence"
],
"answer_start": [
157
]
} |
5728b1624b864d1900164c39 | Estonia | Although initially the Germans were welcomed by most Estonians as liberators from the USSR and its oppressions, and hopes were raised for the restoration of the country's independence, it was soon realised that the Nazis were but another occupying power. The Germans used Estonia's resources for their war effort; for th... | What did Germany take from Estonia for their war strategy? | {
"text": [
"Estonia's resources"
],
"answer_start": [
272
]
} |
5728b21f2ca10214002da5f2 | Estonia | Some Estonians, unwilling to side directly with the Nazis, joined the Finnish Army (which was allied with the Nazis) to fight against the Soviet Union. The Finnish Infantry Regiment 200 (Estonian: soomepoisid) was formed out of Estonian volunteers in Finland. Although many Estonians were recruited into the German armed... | Who did some Estonians join as an alternative to the Germans? | {
"text": [
"the Finnish Army"
],
"answer_start": [
66
]
} |
5728b21f2ca10214002da5f3 | Estonia | Some Estonians, unwilling to side directly with the Nazis, joined the Finnish Army (which was allied with the Nazis) to fight against the Soviet Union. The Finnish Infantry Regiment 200 (Estonian: soomepoisid) was formed out of Estonian volunteers in Finland. Although many Estonians were recruited into the German armed... | Who was the Finnish Army allied with? | {
"text": [
"the Nazis"
],
"answer_start": [
106
]
} |
5728b21f2ca10214002da5f4 | Estonia | Some Estonians, unwilling to side directly with the Nazis, joined the Finnish Army (which was allied with the Nazis) to fight against the Soviet Union. The Finnish Infantry Regiment 200 (Estonian: soomepoisid) was formed out of Estonian volunteers in Finland. Although many Estonians were recruited into the German armed... | Who composed the The Finnish Infantry Regiment 200? | {
"text": [
"Estonian volunteers in Finland"
],
"answer_start": [
228
]
} |
5728b21f2ca10214002da5f5 | Estonia | Some Estonians, unwilling to side directly with the Nazis, joined the Finnish Army (which was allied with the Nazis) to fight against the Soviet Union. The Finnish Infantry Regiment 200 (Estonian: soomepoisid) was formed out of Estonian volunteers in Finland. Although many Estonians were recruited into the German armed... | What year did most Estonians join the Germans after a new Soviet threat was emerging? | {
"text": [
"1944"
],
"answer_start": [
396
]
} |
5728b2d64b864d1900164c48 | Estonia | In the face of the country being re-occupied by the Red Army, tens of thousands of Estonians (including a majority of the education, culture, science, political and social specialists) chose to either retreat with the Germans or flee to Finland or Sweden where they sought refuge in other western countries, often by ref... | How many Estonians chose to retreat or flee when in anticipation of another Soviet invasion? | {
"text": [
"tens of thousands"
],
"answer_start": [
62
]
} |
5728b2d64b864d1900164c49 | Estonia | In the face of the country being re-occupied by the Red Army, tens of thousands of Estonians (including a majority of the education, culture, science, political and social specialists) chose to either retreat with the Germans or flee to Finland or Sweden where they sought refuge in other western countries, often by ref... | Which countries did most Estonians desire to flee to? | {
"text": [
"Finland or Sweden"
],
"answer_start": [
237
]
} |
5728b2d64b864d1900164c4a | Estonia | In the face of the country being re-occupied by the Red Army, tens of thousands of Estonians (including a majority of the education, culture, science, political and social specialists) chose to either retreat with the Germans or flee to Finland or Sweden where they sought refuge in other western countries, often by ref... | What was the name of the refugee ship that Estonians boarded? | {
"text": [
"the SS Walnut"
],
"answer_start": [
339
]
} |
5728b2d64b864d1900164c4b | Estonia | In the face of the country being re-occupied by the Red Army, tens of thousands of Estonians (including a majority of the education, culture, science, political and social specialists) chose to either retreat with the Germans or flee to Finland or Sweden where they sought refuge in other western countries, often by ref... | What date did the Soviet Council of Ministers issue a declaration to remove native Estonians? | {
"text": [
"12 January 1949"
],
"answer_start": [
357
]
} |
5728b383ff5b5019007da4de | Estonia | Half the deported perished, and the other half were not allowed to return until the early 1960s (years after Stalin's death).[citation needed] The activities of Soviet forces in 1940–41 and after reoccupation sparked a guerrilla war against Soviet authorities in Estonia by the Forest Brothers, who consisted mostly of E... | What percentage of Estonians died after deporation? | {
"text": [
"Half the deported perished"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
5728b383ff5b5019007da4df | Estonia | Half the deported perished, and the other half were not allowed to return until the early 1960s (years after Stalin's death).[citation needed] The activities of Soviet forces in 1940–41 and after reoccupation sparked a guerrilla war against Soviet authorities in Estonia by the Forest Brothers, who consisted mostly of E... | When were the deported Estonians allowed to return? | {
"text": [
"the early 1960s"
],
"answer_start": [
80
]
} |
5728b383ff5b5019007da4e0 | Estonia | Half the deported perished, and the other half were not allowed to return until the early 1960s (years after Stalin's death).[citation needed] The activities of Soviet forces in 1940–41 and after reoccupation sparked a guerrilla war against Soviet authorities in Estonia by the Forest Brothers, who consisted mostly of E... | What event led to the return of Estonians back home? | {
"text": [
"Stalin's death"
],
"answer_start": [
109
]
} |
5728b383ff5b5019007da4e1 | Estonia | Half the deported perished, and the other half were not allowed to return until the early 1960s (years after Stalin's death).[citation needed] The activities of Soviet forces in 1940–41 and after reoccupation sparked a guerrilla war against Soviet authorities in Estonia by the Forest Brothers, who consisted mostly of E... | Who fought a guerrilla war against the Soviets? | {
"text": [
"the Forest Brothers"
],
"answer_start": [
274
]
} |
5728b435ff5b5019007da4ee | Estonia | Militarization was another aspect of the Soviet state. Large parts of the country, especially the coastal areas, were closed to all but the Soviet military. Most of the sea shore and all sea islands (including Saaremaa and Hiiumaa) were declared "border zones". People not actually residing there were restricted from tr... | What political strategy only allowed major parts of of Estonia to be accessed by the Soviets? | {
"text": [
"Militarization"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
5728b435ff5b5019007da4ef | Estonia | Militarization was another aspect of the Soviet state. Large parts of the country, especially the coastal areas, were closed to all but the Soviet military. Most of the sea shore and all sea islands (including Saaremaa and Hiiumaa) were declared "border zones". People not actually residing there were restricted from tr... | What sea islands were declared border zones? | {
"text": [
"Saaremaa and Hiiumaa"
],
"answer_start": [
210
]
} |
5728b435ff5b5019007da4f0 | Estonia | Militarization was another aspect of the Soviet state. Large parts of the country, especially the coastal areas, were closed to all but the Soviet military. Most of the sea shore and all sea islands (including Saaremaa and Hiiumaa) were declared "border zones". People not actually residing there were restricted from tr... | What document did people need to travel to the border zones? | {
"text": [
"permit"
],
"answer_start": [
347
]
} |
5728b435ff5b5019007da4f1 | Estonia | Militarization was another aspect of the Soviet state. Large parts of the country, especially the coastal areas, were closed to all but the Soviet military. Most of the sea shore and all sea islands (including Saaremaa and Hiiumaa) were declared "border zones". People not actually residing there were restricted from tr... | What was established in the city of Paldiski? | {
"text": [
"A notable closed military installation"
],
"answer_start": [
355
]
} |
5728b4cd2ca10214002da620 | Estonia | The U.S., UK, France, Italy and the majority of other Western countries considered the annexation of Estonia by the USSR illegal. They retained diplomatic relations with the representatives of the independent Republic of Estonia, never de jure recognised the existence of the Estonian SSR, and never recognised Estonia a... | What did most Western countries view as an illegal claim by the USSR? | {
"text": [
"the annexation of Estonia"
],
"answer_start": [
83
]
} |
5728b4cd2ca10214002da621 | Estonia | The U.S., UK, France, Italy and the majority of other Western countries considered the annexation of Estonia by the USSR illegal. They retained diplomatic relations with the representatives of the independent Republic of Estonia, never de jure recognised the existence of the Estonian SSR, and never recognised Estonia a... | What relationship did Western countries continue with Estonia? | {
"text": [
"diplomatic relations"
],
"answer_start": [
144
]
} |
5728b4cd2ca10214002da622 | Estonia | The U.S., UK, France, Italy and the majority of other Western countries considered the annexation of Estonia by the USSR illegal. They retained diplomatic relations with the representatives of the independent Republic of Estonia, never de jure recognised the existence of the Estonian SSR, and never recognised Estonia a... | What institution did Western countries refuse to recognize? | {
"text": [
"the Estonian SSR"
],
"answer_start": [
272
]
} |
5728b4cd2ca10214002da623 | Estonia | The U.S., UK, France, Italy and the majority of other Western countries considered the annexation of Estonia by the USSR illegal. They retained diplomatic relations with the representatives of the independent Republic of Estonia, never de jure recognised the existence of the Estonian SSR, and never recognised Estonia a... | What decade started the push for Estonian independence? | {
"text": [
"1980s"
],
"answer_start": [
518
]
} |
5728b55c2ca10214002da628 | Estonia | In 1989, during the "Singing Revolution", in a landmark demonstration for more independence, more than two million people formed a human chain stretching through Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia, called the Baltic Way. All three nations had similar experiences of occupation and similar aspirations for regaining independen... | What year did the Singing Revolution occur? | {
"text": [
"1989"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
5728b55c2ca10214002da629 | Estonia | In 1989, during the "Singing Revolution", in a landmark demonstration for more independence, more than two million people formed a human chain stretching through Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia, called the Baltic Way. All three nations had similar experiences of occupation and similar aspirations for regaining independen... | What was the demonstration of the Singing Revolution trying to fight for? | {
"text": [
"independence"
],
"answer_start": [
79
]
} |
5728b55c2ca10214002da62a | Estonia | In 1989, during the "Singing Revolution", in a landmark demonstration for more independence, more than two million people formed a human chain stretching through Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia, called the Baltic Way. All three nations had similar experiences of occupation and similar aspirations for regaining independen... | How many people created a chain of solidarity that went Estonia and other countries? | {
"text": [
"more than two million people"
],
"answer_start": [
93
]
} |
5728b55c2ca10214002da62b | Estonia | In 1989, during the "Singing Revolution", in a landmark demonstration for more independence, more than two million people formed a human chain stretching through Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia, called the Baltic Way. All three nations had similar experiences of occupation and similar aspirations for regaining independen... | What was the name of the human chain? | {
"text": [
"the Baltic Way"
],
"answer_start": [
200
]
} |
5728b5ba3acd2414000dfd29 | Estonia | Estonia's land border with Latvia runs 267 kilometers; the Russian border runs 290 kilometers. From 1920 to 1945, Estonia's border with Russia, set by the 1920 Tartu Peace Treaty, extended beyond the Narva River in the northeast and beyond the town of Pechory (Petseri) in the southeast. This territory, amounting to som... | What is the length of the border that Estonia shares with Lativa? | {
"text": [
"267 kilometers"
],
"answer_start": [
39
]
} |
5728b5ba3acd2414000dfd2a | Estonia | Estonia's land border with Latvia runs 267 kilometers; the Russian border runs 290 kilometers. From 1920 to 1945, Estonia's border with Russia, set by the 1920 Tartu Peace Treaty, extended beyond the Narva River in the northeast and beyond the town of Pechory (Petseri) in the southeast. This territory, amounting to som... | What is the length of the border that Estonia shares with Russia? | {
"text": [
"290 kilometers"
],
"answer_start": [
79
]
} |
5728b5ba3acd2414000dfd2b | Estonia | Estonia's land border with Latvia runs 267 kilometers; the Russian border runs 290 kilometers. From 1920 to 1945, Estonia's border with Russia, set by the 1920 Tartu Peace Treaty, extended beyond the Narva River in the northeast and beyond the town of Pechory (Petseri) in the southeast. This territory, amounting to som... | What document established the border between Russia and Estonia? | {
"text": [
"the 1920 Tartu Peace Treaty"
],
"answer_start": [
151
]
} |
5728b62eff5b5019007da52c | Estonia | Estonia lies on the eastern shores of the Baltic Sea immediately across the Gulf of Finland from Finland on the level northwestern part of the rising East European platform between 57.3° and 59.5° N and 21.5° and 28.1° E. Average elevation reaches only 50 metres (164 ft) and the country's highest point is the Suur Muna... | What body of water borders Estonia? | {
"text": [
"the Baltic Sea"
],
"answer_start": [
38
]
} |
5728b62eff5b5019007da52d | Estonia | Estonia lies on the eastern shores of the Baltic Sea immediately across the Gulf of Finland from Finland on the level northwestern part of the rising East European platform between 57.3° and 59.5° N and 21.5° and 28.1° E. Average elevation reaches only 50 metres (164 ft) and the country's highest point is the Suur Muna... | What is the average elevation of Estonia? | {
"text": [
"50 metres (164 ft)"
],
"answer_start": [
253
]
} |
5728b62eff5b5019007da52e | Estonia | Estonia lies on the eastern shores of the Baltic Sea immediately across the Gulf of Finland from Finland on the level northwestern part of the rising East European platform between 57.3° and 59.5° N and 21.5° and 28.1° E. Average elevation reaches only 50 metres (164 ft) and the country's highest point is the Suur Muna... | What is Estonia's highest mountain point? | {
"text": [
"the Suur Munamägi"
],
"answer_start": [
307
]
} |
5728b62eff5b5019007da52f | Estonia | Estonia lies on the eastern shores of the Baltic Sea immediately across the Gulf of Finland from Finland on the level northwestern part of the rising East European platform between 57.3° and 59.5° N and 21.5° and 28.1° E. Average elevation reaches only 50 metres (164 ft) and the country's highest point is the Suur Muna... | How tall is the the Suur Munamägi? | {
"text": [
"318 metres (1,043 ft)"
],
"answer_start": [
345
]
} |
5728b6bbff5b5019007da53e | Estonia | Estonia is situated in the northern part of the temperate climate zone and in the transition zone between maritime and continental climate. Estonia has four seasons of near-equal length. Average temperatures range from 16.3 °C (61.3 °F) on the Baltic islands to 18.1 °C (64.6 °F) inland in July, the warmest month, and f... | What section of the temperate climate zone does Estonia reside? | {
"text": [
"northern part"
],
"answer_start": [
27
]
} |
5728b6bbff5b5019007da53f | Estonia | Estonia is situated in the northern part of the temperate climate zone and in the transition zone between maritime and continental climate. Estonia has four seasons of near-equal length. Average temperatures range from 16.3 °C (61.3 °F) on the Baltic islands to 18.1 °C (64.6 °F) inland in July, the warmest month, and f... | What is the similar trait of Estonia's four seasons? | {
"text": [
"near-equal length"
],
"answer_start": [
168
]
} |
5728b6bbff5b5019007da540 | Estonia | Estonia is situated in the northern part of the temperate climate zone and in the transition zone between maritime and continental climate. Estonia has four seasons of near-equal length. Average temperatures range from 16.3 °C (61.3 °F) on the Baltic islands to 18.1 °C (64.6 °F) inland in July, the warmest month, and f... | What is the average temperature of the Baltic Islands? | {
"text": [
"16.3 °C (61.3 °F)"
],
"answer_start": [
219
]
} |
5728b6bbff5b5019007da541 | Estonia | Estonia is situated in the northern part of the temperate climate zone and in the transition zone between maritime and continental climate. Estonia has four seasons of near-equal length. Average temperatures range from 16.3 °C (61.3 °F) on the Baltic islands to 18.1 °C (64.6 °F) inland in July, the warmest month, and f... | What is the warmest month in Estonia? | {
"text": [
"July"
],
"answer_start": [
290
]
} |
5728b7453acd2414000dfd39 | Estonia | A maakond (county) is the biggest administrative subdivision. The county government (Maavalitsus) of each county is led by a county governor (Maavanem), who represents the national government at the regional level. Governors are appointed by the Government of Estonia for a term of five years. Several changes were made ... | What is the largest administrative subdivision in Estonia? | {
"text": [
"A maakond"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
5728b7453acd2414000dfd3a | Estonia | A maakond (county) is the biggest administrative subdivision. The county government (Maavalitsus) of each county is led by a county governor (Maavanem), who represents the national government at the regional level. Governors are appointed by the Government of Estonia for a term of five years. Several changes were made ... | What is the county government in Estonia called? | {
"text": [
"Maavalitsus"
],
"answer_start": [
85
]
} |
5728b7453acd2414000dfd3b | Estonia | A maakond (county) is the biggest administrative subdivision. The county government (Maavalitsus) of each county is led by a county governor (Maavanem), who represents the national government at the regional level. Governors are appointed by the Government of Estonia for a term of five years. Several changes were made ... | A Maavanem holds what position in Estonia? | {
"text": [
"county governor"
],
"answer_start": [
125
]
} |
5728b7453acd2414000dfd3c | Estonia | A maakond (county) is the biggest administrative subdivision. The county government (Maavalitsus) of each county is led by a county governor (Maavanem), who represents the national government at the regional level. Governors are appointed by the Government of Estonia for a term of five years. Several changes were made ... | Who represents the national government on a local level? | {
"text": [
"Maavanem"
],
"answer_start": [
142
]
} |
5728b8064b864d1900164cba | Estonia | Estonia is a parliamentary representative democratic republic in which the Prime Minister of Estonia is the head of government and which includes a multi-party system. The political culture is stable in Estonia, where power is held between two and three parties that have been in politics for a long time. This situation... | Who is the leader of Estonia's government? | {
"text": [
"the Prime Minister of Estonia"
],
"answer_start": [
71
]
} |
5728b8064b864d1900164cbb | Estonia | Estonia is a parliamentary representative democratic republic in which the Prime Minister of Estonia is the head of government and which includes a multi-party system. The political culture is stable in Estonia, where power is held between two and three parties that have been in politics for a long time. This situation... | What political structure aids the Prime Minister? | {
"text": [
"a multi-party system"
],
"answer_start": [
146
]
} |
5728b8064b864d1900164cbc | Estonia | Estonia is a parliamentary representative democratic republic in which the Prime Minister of Estonia is the head of government and which includes a multi-party system. The political culture is stable in Estonia, where power is held between two and three parties that have been in politics for a long time. This situation... | The political scene of Estonia is similar to other countries in what continent? | {
"text": [
"Northern Europe"
],
"answer_start": [
354
]
} |
5728b8064b864d1900164cbd | Estonia | Estonia is a parliamentary representative democratic republic in which the Prime Minister of Estonia is the head of government and which includes a multi-party system. The political culture is stable in Estonia, where power is held between two and three parties that have been in politics for a long time. This situation... | Who is Europe's longest serving Prime Minister? | {
"text": [
"Andrus Ansip"
],
"answer_start": [
409
]
} |
5728b8a54b864d1900164ccc | Estonia | The Parliament of Estonia (Estonian: Riigikogu) or the legislative branch is elected by people for a four-year term by proportional representation. The Estonian political system operates under a framework laid out in the 1992 constitutional document. The Estonian parliament has 101 members and influences the governing ... | What position do the citizens of Estonia elect for a four year term? | {
"text": [
"The Parliament of Estonia"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
5728b8a54b864d1900164ccd | Estonia | The Parliament of Estonia (Estonian: Riigikogu) or the legislative branch is elected by people for a four-year term by proportional representation. The Estonian political system operates under a framework laid out in the 1992 constitutional document. The Estonian parliament has 101 members and influences the governing ... | What year did the Estonians create a constitutional document for their modern political system? | {
"text": [
"1992"
],
"answer_start": [
221
]
} |
5728b8a54b864d1900164cce | Estonia | The Parliament of Estonia (Estonian: Riigikogu) or the legislative branch is elected by people for a four-year term by proportional representation. The Estonian political system operates under a framework laid out in the 1992 constitutional document. The Estonian parliament has 101 members and influences the governing ... | How many representatives are in the Estonian parliament? | {
"text": [
"101 members"
],
"answer_start": [
279
]
} |
5728b8a54b864d1900164ccf | Estonia | The Parliament of Estonia (Estonian: Riigikogu) or the legislative branch is elected by people for a four-year term by proportional representation. The Estonian political system operates under a framework laid out in the 1992 constitutional document. The Estonian parliament has 101 members and influences the governing ... | What can the Estonian parliament do in regards to treaties? | {
"text": [
"ratify and denounce international treaties"
],
"answer_start": [
565
]
} |
5728b9462ca10214002da67c | Estonia | The Riigikogu elects and appoints several high officials of the state, including the President of the Republic. In addition to that, the Riigikogu appoints, on the proposal of the President of Estonia, the Chairman of the National Court, the chairman of the board of the Bank of Estonia, the Auditor General, the Legal C... | Who chooses high state officials of Estonia? | {
"text": [
"The Riigikogu"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
5728b9462ca10214002da67d | Estonia | The Riigikogu elects and appoints several high officials of the state, including the President of the Republic. In addition to that, the Riigikogu appoints, on the proposal of the President of Estonia, the Chairman of the National Court, the chairman of the board of the Bank of Estonia, the Auditor General, the Legal C... | Who does the government have to explain their actions to? | {
"text": [
"the Riigikogu"
],
"answer_start": [
392
]
} |
5728b9462ca10214002da67e | Estonia | The Riigikogu elects and appoints several high officials of the state, including the President of the Republic. In addition to that, the Riigikogu appoints, on the proposal of the President of Estonia, the Chairman of the National Court, the chairman of the board of the Bank of Estonia, the Auditor General, the Legal C... | What can the Riigikogu monitor for abuse of influence? | {
"text": [
"activities of the executive power"
],
"answer_start": [
554
]
} |
5728baedff5b5019007da592 | Estonia | The Government of Estonia (Estonian: Vabariigi Valitsus) or the executive branch is formed by the Prime Minister of Estonia, nominated by the president and approved by the parliament. The government exercises executive power pursuant to the Constitution of Estonia and the laws of the Republic of Estonia and consists of... | Who establishes the executive branch of Estonia? | {
"text": [
"the Prime Minister of Estonia"
],
"answer_start": [
94
]
} |
5728baedff5b5019007da593 | Estonia | The Government of Estonia (Estonian: Vabariigi Valitsus) or the executive branch is formed by the Prime Minister of Estonia, nominated by the president and approved by the parliament. The government exercises executive power pursuant to the Constitution of Estonia and the laws of the Republic of Estonia and consists of... | Who has to approve the Government of Estonia after it is nominated by the President? | {
"text": [
"parliament"
],
"answer_start": [
172
]
} |
5728baedff5b5019007da594 | Estonia | The Government of Estonia (Estonian: Vabariigi Valitsus) or the executive branch is formed by the Prime Minister of Estonia, nominated by the president and approved by the parliament. The government exercises executive power pursuant to the Constitution of Estonia and the laws of the Republic of Estonia and consists of... | How many ministers serve in the government? | {
"text": [
"twelve"
],
"answer_start": [
321
]
} |
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