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5728baedff5b5019007da595
Estonia
The Government of Estonia (Estonian: Vabariigi Valitsus) or the executive branch is formed by the Prime Minister of Estonia, nominated by the president and approved by the parliament. The government exercises executive power pursuant to the Constitution of Estonia and the laws of the Republic of Estonia and consists of...
Who has the ability to assign other ministers?
{ "text": [ "The Prime Minister" ], "answer_start": [ 369 ] }
5728bb98ff5b5019007da59a
Estonia
The Prime Minister has the right to appoint a maximum of three such ministers, as the limit of ministers in one government is fifteen. It is also known as the cabinet. The cabinet carries out the country's domestic and foreign policy, shaped by parliament; it directs and co-ordinates the work of government institutions...
What is the most amount of ministers that a Prime Minister can assign?
{ "text": [ "three" ], "answer_start": [ 57 ] }
5728bb98ff5b5019007da59b
Estonia
The Prime Minister has the right to appoint a maximum of three such ministers, as the limit of ministers in one government is fifteen. It is also known as the cabinet. The cabinet carries out the country's domestic and foreign policy, shaped by parliament; it directs and co-ordinates the work of government institutions...
What is another name for the governing body of ministers?
{ "text": [ "the cabinet" ], "answer_start": [ 155 ] }
5728bb98ff5b5019007da59c
Estonia
The Prime Minister has the right to appoint a maximum of three such ministers, as the limit of ministers in one government is fifteen. It is also known as the cabinet. The cabinet carries out the country's domestic and foreign policy, shaped by parliament; it directs and co-ordinates the work of government institutions...
What strategy does the cabinet execute?
{ "text": [ "domestic and foreign policy" ], "answer_start": [ 206 ] }
5728bb98ff5b5019007da59d
Estonia
The Prime Minister has the right to appoint a maximum of three such ministers, as the limit of ministers in one government is fifteen. It is also known as the cabinet. The cabinet carries out the country's domestic and foreign policy, shaped by parliament; it directs and co-ordinates the work of government institutions...
What major responsibility does the cabinet hold?
{ "text": [ "everything occurring within the authority of executive power" ], "answer_start": [ 355 ] }
5728bc254b864d1900164d14
Estonia
Estonia has pursued the development of the e-state and e-government. Internet voting is used in elections in Estonia. The first internet voting took place in the 2005 local elections and the first in a parliamentary election was made available for the 2007 elections, in which 30,275 individuals voted over the internet....
What digital technology as Estonia been advacning?
{ "text": [ "Internet voting" ], "answer_start": [ 69 ] }
5728bc254b864d1900164d15
Estonia
Estonia has pursued the development of the e-state and e-government. Internet voting is used in elections in Estonia. The first internet voting took place in the 2005 local elections and the first in a parliamentary election was made available for the 2007 elections, in which 30,275 individuals voted over the internet....
What year did the first internet vote occur in local Estonia elections?
{ "text": [ "2005" ], "answer_start": [ 162 ] }
5728bc254b864d1900164d16
Estonia
Estonia has pursued the development of the e-state and e-government. Internet voting is used in elections in Estonia. The first internet voting took place in the 2005 local elections and the first in a parliamentary election was made available for the 2007 elections, in which 30,275 individuals voted over the internet....
What year did the first internet vote occur in Estonia parliamentary elections?
{ "text": [ "2007" ], "answer_start": [ 252 ] }
5728bc254b864d1900164d17
Estonia
Estonia has pursued the development of the e-state and e-government. Internet voting is used in elections in Estonia. The first internet voting took place in the 2005 local elections and the first in a parliamentary election was made available for the 2007 elections, in which 30,275 individuals voted over the internet....
In 2007, how many Estonians used internet voting?
{ "text": [ "30,275" ], "answer_start": [ 277 ] }
5728bcadff5b5019007da5c0
Estonia
According to the Constitution of Estonia (Estonian: Põhiseadus) the supreme power of the state is vested in the people. The people exercise their supreme power of the state on the elections of the Riigikogu through citizens who have the right to vote. The supreme judicial power is vested in the Supreme Court or Riigiko...
What document declares supreme power for the people?
{ "text": [ "the Constitution of Estonia" ], "answer_start": [ 13 ] }
5728bcadff5b5019007da5c1
Estonia
According to the Constitution of Estonia (Estonian: Põhiseadus) the supreme power of the state is vested in the people. The people exercise their supreme power of the state on the elections of the Riigikogu through citizens who have the right to vote. The supreme judicial power is vested in the Supreme Court or Riigiko...
Who holds supreme judicial power in Estonia?
{ "text": [ "the Supreme Court or Riigikohus" ], "answer_start": [ 292 ] }
5728bcadff5b5019007da5c2
Estonia
According to the Constitution of Estonia (Estonian: Põhiseadus) the supreme power of the state is vested in the people. The people exercise their supreme power of the state on the elections of the Riigikogu through citizens who have the right to vote. The supreme judicial power is vested in the Supreme Court or Riigiko...
How many judges are on Estonia's supreme court?
{ "text": [ "nineteen" ], "answer_start": [ 330 ] }
5728bcadff5b5019007da5c3
Estonia
According to the Constitution of Estonia (Estonian: Põhiseadus) the supreme power of the state is vested in the people. The people exercise their supreme power of the state on the elections of the Riigikogu through citizens who have the right to vote. The supreme judicial power is vested in the Supreme Court or Riigiko...
How many years does the Chief justice serve?
{ "text": [ "nine" ], "answer_start": [ 402 ] }
5728bd063acd2414000dfd79
Estonia
Estonia was a member of the League of Nations from 22 September 1921, has been a member of the United Nations since 17 September 1991, and of NATO since 29 March 2004, as well as the European Union since 1 May 2004. Estonia is also a member of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE), Organisation...
What date did Estonia join the League of Nations?
{ "text": [ "22 September 1921" ], "answer_start": [ 51 ] }
5728bd063acd2414000dfd7a
Estonia
Estonia was a member of the League of Nations from 22 September 1921, has been a member of the United Nations since 17 September 1991, and of NATO since 29 March 2004, as well as the European Union since 1 May 2004. Estonia is also a member of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE), Organisation...
What date did Estonia join the United Nations?
{ "text": [ "17 September 1991" ], "answer_start": [ 116 ] }
5728bd063acd2414000dfd7b
Estonia
Estonia was a member of the League of Nations from 22 September 1921, has been a member of the United Nations since 17 September 1991, and of NATO since 29 March 2004, as well as the European Union since 1 May 2004. Estonia is also a member of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE), Organisation...
What date did Estonia join NATO?
{ "text": [ "29 March 2004" ], "answer_start": [ 153 ] }
5728bd063acd2414000dfd7c
Estonia
Estonia was a member of the League of Nations from 22 September 1921, has been a member of the United Nations since 17 September 1991, and of NATO since 29 March 2004, as well as the European Union since 1 May 2004. Estonia is also a member of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE), Organisation...
What date did Estonia join the European Union?
{ "text": [ "1 May 2004" ], "answer_start": [ 204 ] }
5728bda43acd2414000dfd8b
Estonia
Since regaining independence, Estonia has pursued a foreign policy of close co-operation with its Western European partners. The two most important policy objectives in this regard have been accession into NATO and the European Union, achieved in March and May 2004 respectively. Estonia's international realignment towa...
What type of foreign policy has Estonia sought after getting their independence?
{ "text": [ "close co-operation" ], "answer_start": [ 70 ] }
5728bda43acd2414000dfd8c
Estonia
Since regaining independence, Estonia has pursued a foreign policy of close co-operation with its Western European partners. The two most important policy objectives in this regard have been accession into NATO and the European Union, achieved in March and May 2004 respectively. Estonia's international realignment towa...
What were the most important foreign policy priorities?
{ "text": [ "accession into NATO and the European Union" ], "answer_start": [ 191 ] }
5728bda43acd2414000dfd8d
Estonia
Since regaining independence, Estonia has pursued a foreign policy of close co-operation with its Western European partners. The two most important policy objectives in this regard have been accession into NATO and the European Union, achieved in March and May 2004 respectively. Estonia's international realignment towa...
What trend has accompanied Estonia's cooperation with Western powers?
{ "text": [ "deterioration in relations with Russia" ], "answer_start": [ 366 ] }
5728be814b864d1900164d3e
Estonia
Since the early 1990s, Estonia is involved in active trilateral Baltic states co-operation with Latvia and Lithuania, and Nordic-Baltic co-operation with the Nordic countries. The Baltic Council is the joint forum of the interparliamentary Baltic Assembly (BA) and the intergovernmental Baltic Council of Ministers (BCM)...
Which Baltic countries have cooperated with Estonia since the early 1990s?
{ "text": [ "Latvia and Lithuania" ], "answer_start": [ 96 ] }
5728be814b864d1900164d3f
Estonia
Since the early 1990s, Estonia is involved in active trilateral Baltic states co-operation with Latvia and Lithuania, and Nordic-Baltic co-operation with the Nordic countries. The Baltic Council is the joint forum of the interparliamentary Baltic Assembly (BA) and the intergovernmental Baltic Council of Ministers (BCM)...
What is the combined group of the interparliamentary Baltic Assembly and the intergovernmental Baltic Council of Ministers?
{ "text": [ "The Baltic Council" ], "answer_start": [ 176 ] }
5728be814b864d1900164d40
Estonia
Since the early 1990s, Estonia is involved in active trilateral Baltic states co-operation with Latvia and Lithuania, and Nordic-Baltic co-operation with the Nordic countries. The Baltic Council is the joint forum of the interparliamentary Baltic Assembly (BA) and the intergovernmental Baltic Council of Ministers (BCM)...
What is the name of the joint group that Estonia shares with Denmark and 7 other countries?
{ "text": [ "Nordic-Baltic Eight" ], "answer_start": [ 322 ] }
5728be824b864d1900164d41
Estonia
Since the early 1990s, Estonia is involved in active trilateral Baltic states co-operation with Latvia and Lithuania, and Nordic-Baltic co-operation with the Nordic countries. The Baltic Council is the joint forum of the interparliamentary Baltic Assembly (BA) and the intergovernmental Baltic Council of Ministers (BCM)...
What year did Parliamentary co-operation between the Baltic Assembly and Nordic Council start?
{ "text": [ "1989" ], "answer_start": [ 704 ] }
5728bf712ca10214002da6da
Estonia
An important element in Estonia's post-independence reorientation has been closer ties with the Nordic countries, especially Finland and Sweden. Indeed, Estonians consider themselves a Nordic people rather than Balts, based on their historical ties with Sweden, Denmark and particularly Finland. In December 1999, then E...
What has been a major factor in the restoration of Estonia after winning their independence?
{ "text": [ "closer ties with the Nordic countries" ], "answer_start": [ 75 ] }
5728bf712ca10214002da6db
Estonia
An important element in Estonia's post-independence reorientation has been closer ties with the Nordic countries, especially Finland and Sweden. Indeed, Estonians consider themselves a Nordic people rather than Balts, based on their historical ties with Sweden, Denmark and particularly Finland. In December 1999, then E...
When did Toomas Hendrik Ilves deliver his speech?
{ "text": [ "December 1999" ], "answer_start": [ 299 ] }
5728bf712ca10214002da6dc
Estonia
An important element in Estonia's post-independence reorientation has been closer ties with the Nordic countries, especially Finland and Sweden. Indeed, Estonians consider themselves a Nordic people rather than Balts, based on their historical ties with Sweden, Denmark and particularly Finland. In December 1999, then E...
Who expressed a speech called "Estonia as a Nordic Country"?
{ "text": [ "Toomas Hendrik Ilves" ], "answer_start": [ 384 ] }
5728bf712ca10214002da6dd
Estonia
An important element in Estonia's post-independence reorientation has been closer ties with the Nordic countries, especially Finland and Sweden. Indeed, Estonians consider themselves a Nordic people rather than Balts, based on their historical ties with Sweden, Denmark and particularly Finland. In December 1999, then E...
What year did the foreign ministry hold an exhibit exploring the Nordic ties of Estonia?
{ "text": [ "2003" ], "answer_start": [ 518 ] }
5728c01f4b864d1900164d50
Estonia
In 2005, Estonia joined the European Union's Nordic Battle Group. It has also shown continued interest in joining the Nordic Council. Whereas in 1992 Russia accounted for 92% of Estonia's international trade, today there is extensive economic interdependence between Estonia and its Nordic neighbours: three quarters of ...
When did Estonia join the European Union's Nordic Battle Group?
{ "text": [ "2005" ], "answer_start": [ 3 ] }
5728c01f4b864d1900164d51
Estonia
In 2005, Estonia joined the European Union's Nordic Battle Group. It has also shown continued interest in joining the Nordic Council. Whereas in 1992 Russia accounted for 92% of Estonia's international trade, today there is extensive economic interdependence between Estonia and its Nordic neighbours: three quarters of ...
What government institution did Estonia continue to show desire in joining?
{ "text": [ "the Nordic Council" ], "answer_start": [ 114 ] }
5728c01f4b864d1900164d52
Estonia
In 2005, Estonia joined the European Union's Nordic Battle Group. It has also shown continued interest in joining the Nordic Council. Whereas in 1992 Russia accounted for 92% of Estonia's international trade, today there is extensive economic interdependence between Estonia and its Nordic neighbours: three quarters of ...
What percentage of Estonia's foreign trade was held by Russia in 1992?
{ "text": [ "92%" ], "answer_start": [ 171 ] }
5728c01f4b864d1900164d53
Estonia
In 2005, Estonia joined the European Union's Nordic Battle Group. It has also shown continued interest in joining the Nordic Council. Whereas in 1992 Russia accounted for 92% of Estonia's international trade, today there is extensive economic interdependence between Estonia and its Nordic neighbours: three quarters of ...
What percentage of Estonia exports are sent to Nordic countries?
{ "text": [ "42%" ], "answer_start": [ 442 ] }
5728c0912ca10214002da700
Estonia
The military of Estonia is based upon the Estonian Defence Forces (Estonian: Kaitsevägi), which is the name of the unified armed forces of the republic with Maavägi (Army), Merevägi (Navy), Õhuvägi (Air Force) and a paramilitary national guard organisation Kaitseliit (Defence League). The Estonian National Defence Poli...
What name describes the combined body of all Estonia military?
{ "text": [ "the Estonian Defence Forces" ], "answer_start": [ 38 ] }
5728c0912ca10214002da701
Estonia
The military of Estonia is based upon the Estonian Defence Forces (Estonian: Kaitsevägi), which is the name of the unified armed forces of the republic with Maavägi (Army), Merevägi (Navy), Õhuvägi (Air Force) and a paramilitary national guard organisation Kaitseliit (Defence League). The Estonian National Defence Poli...
What is the name of Estonia's Army?
{ "text": [ "Maavägi" ], "answer_start": [ 157 ] }
5728c0912ca10214002da702
Estonia
The military of Estonia is based upon the Estonian Defence Forces (Estonian: Kaitsevägi), which is the name of the unified armed forces of the republic with Maavägi (Army), Merevägi (Navy), Õhuvägi (Air Force) and a paramilitary national guard organisation Kaitseliit (Defence League). The Estonian National Defence Poli...
What is the name of Estonia's Navy?
{ "text": [ "Merevägi" ], "answer_start": [ 173 ] }
5728c0912ca10214002da703
Estonia
The military of Estonia is based upon the Estonian Defence Forces (Estonian: Kaitsevägi), which is the name of the unified armed forces of the republic with Maavägi (Army), Merevägi (Navy), Õhuvägi (Air Force) and a paramilitary national guard organisation Kaitseliit (Defence League). The Estonian National Defence Poli...
What is the name of Estonia's Air Force?
{ "text": [ "Õhuvägi" ], "answer_start": [ 190 ] }
5728c1523acd2414000dfda7
Estonia
Estonia co-operates with Latvia and Lithuania in several trilateral Baltic defence co-operation initiatives, including Baltic Battalion (BALTBAT), Baltic Naval Squadron (BALTRON), Baltic Air Surveillance Network (BALTNET) and joint military educational institutions such as the Baltic Defence College in Tartu. Future co...
Which countries aid Estonia in trilateral defense strategies?
{ "text": [ "Latvia and Lithuania" ], "answer_start": [ 25 ] }
5728c1523acd2414000dfda8
Estonia
Estonia co-operates with Latvia and Lithuania in several trilateral Baltic defence co-operation initiatives, including Baltic Battalion (BALTBAT), Baltic Naval Squadron (BALTRON), Baltic Air Surveillance Network (BALTNET) and joint military educational institutions such as the Baltic Defence College in Tartu. Future co...
What joint military educational academy does Estonia share with Baltic Countries?
{ "text": [ "the Baltic Defence College" ], "answer_start": [ 274 ] }
5728c1523acd2414000dfda9
Estonia
Estonia co-operates with Latvia and Lithuania in several trilateral Baltic defence co-operation initiatives, including Baltic Battalion (BALTBAT), Baltic Naval Squadron (BALTRON), Baltic Air Surveillance Network (BALTNET) and joint military educational institutions such as the Baltic Defence College in Tartu. Future co...
Where is the Baltic Defence College located?
{ "text": [ "Tartu" ], "answer_start": [ 304 ] }
5728c1523acd2414000dfdaa
Estonia
Estonia co-operates with Latvia and Lithuania in several trilateral Baltic defence co-operation initiatives, including Baltic Battalion (BALTBAT), Baltic Naval Squadron (BALTRON), Baltic Air Surveillance Network (BALTNET) and joint military educational institutions such as the Baltic Defence College in Tartu. Future co...
When were the Baltic states asked to join NORDEFCO?
{ "text": [ "January 2011" ], "answer_start": [ 552 ] }
5728c1f53acd2414000dfdb9
Estonia
The Ministry of Defence and the Defence Forces have been working on a cyberwarfare and defence formation for some years now. In 2007, a military doctrine of an e-military of Estonia was officially introduced as the country was under massive cyberattacks in 2007. The proposed aim of the e-military is to secure the vital...
Who have been jointly working on protection against cyberwarfare?
{ "text": [ "The Ministry of Defence and the Defence Forces" ], "answer_start": [ 0 ] }
5728c1f53acd2414000dfdba
Estonia
The Ministry of Defence and the Defence Forces have been working on a cyberwarfare and defence formation for some years now. In 2007, a military doctrine of an e-military of Estonia was officially introduced as the country was under massive cyberattacks in 2007. The proposed aim of the e-military is to secure the vital...
What year was a declaration of e-military introduced?
{ "text": [ "2007" ], "answer_start": [ 128 ] }
5728c1f53acd2414000dfdbb
Estonia
The Ministry of Defence and the Defence Forces have been working on a cyberwarfare and defence formation for some years now. In 2007, a military doctrine of an e-military of Estonia was officially introduced as the country was under massive cyberattacks in 2007. The proposed aim of the e-military is to secure the vital...
What event in 2007 led to a need for e-military action?
{ "text": [ "massive cyberattacks" ], "answer_start": [ 233 ] }
5728c1f53acd2414000dfdbc
Estonia
The Ministry of Defence and the Defence Forces have been working on a cyberwarfare and defence formation for some years now. In 2007, a military doctrine of an e-military of Estonia was officially introduced as the country was under massive cyberattacks in 2007. The proposed aim of the e-military is to secure the vital...
When was the Computer Emergency Response Team of Estonia established?
{ "text": [ "2006" ], "answer_start": [ 471 ] }
5728c2833acd2414000dfdc1
Estonia
As a member of the European Union, Estonia is considered a high-income economy by the World Bank. The GDP (PPP) per capita of the country, a good indicator of wealth, was in 2015 $28,781 according to the IMF, between that of Slovak Republic and Lithuania, but below that of other long-time EU members such as Italy or Sp...
What institution views the economy of Estonia as high income?
{ "text": [ "the World Bank" ], "answer_start": [ 82 ] }
5728c2833acd2414000dfdc2
Estonia
As a member of the European Union, Estonia is considered a high-income economy by the World Bank. The GDP (PPP) per capita of the country, a good indicator of wealth, was in 2015 $28,781 according to the IMF, between that of Slovak Republic and Lithuania, but below that of other long-time EU members such as Italy or Sp...
What was the GDP of Estonia in 2015?
{ "text": [ "$28,781" ], "answer_start": [ 179 ] }
5728c2833acd2414000dfdc3
Estonia
As a member of the European Union, Estonia is considered a high-income economy by the World Bank. The GDP (PPP) per capita of the country, a good indicator of wealth, was in 2015 $28,781 according to the IMF, between that of Slovak Republic and Lithuania, but below that of other long-time EU members such as Italy or Sp...
What countries share similar levels of GDP with Estonia?
{ "text": [ "Slovak Republic and Lithuania" ], "answer_start": [ 225 ] }
5728c2833acd2414000dfdc4
Estonia
As a member of the European Union, Estonia is considered a high-income economy by the World Bank. The GDP (PPP) per capita of the country, a good indicator of wealth, was in 2015 $28,781 according to the IMF, between that of Slovak Republic and Lithuania, but below that of other long-time EU members such as Italy or Sp...
Where is Estonia ranked in the 2015 Index of Economic Freedom?
{ "text": [ "8th" ], "answer_start": [ 347 ] }
5728c3354b864d1900164d84
Estonia
Estonia produces about 75% of its consumed electricity. In 2011 about 85% of it was generated with locally mined oil shale. Alternative energy sources such as wood, peat, and biomass make up approximately 9% of primary energy production. Renewable wind energy was about 6% of total consumption in 2009. Estonia imports p...
How much of consumed electricity does Estonia produce by itself?
{ "text": [ "75%" ], "answer_start": [ 23 ] }
5728c3354b864d1900164d85
Estonia
Estonia produces about 75% of its consumed electricity. In 2011 about 85% of it was generated with locally mined oil shale. Alternative energy sources such as wood, peat, and biomass make up approximately 9% of primary energy production. Renewable wind energy was about 6% of total consumption in 2009. Estonia imports p...
What percentage of electricity was produced with local oil shale in 2011?
{ "text": [ "about 85%" ], "answer_start": [ 64 ] }
5728c3354b864d1900164d86
Estonia
Estonia produces about 75% of its consumed electricity. In 2011 about 85% of it was generated with locally mined oil shale. Alternative energy sources such as wood, peat, and biomass make up approximately 9% of primary energy production. Renewable wind energy was about 6% of total consumption in 2009. Estonia imports p...
What alternative energy sources account for 9% of energy production?
{ "text": [ "wood, peat, and biomass" ], "answer_start": [ 159 ] }
5728c3354b864d1900164d87
Estonia
Estonia produces about 75% of its consumed electricity. In 2011 about 85% of it was generated with locally mined oil shale. Alternative energy sources such as wood, peat, and biomass make up approximately 9% of primary energy production. Renewable wind energy was about 6% of total consumption in 2009. Estonia imports p...
What percentage of electricity was produced from renewable energy in 2009?
{ "text": [ "6%" ], "answer_start": [ 270 ] }
5728c4c42ca10214002da74a
Estonia
Because of the global economic recession that began in 2007, the GDP of Estonia decreased by 1.4% in the 2nd quarter of 2008, over 3% in the 3rd quarter of 2008, and over 9% in the 4th quarter of 2008. The Estonian government made a supplementary negative budget, which was passed by Riigikogu. The revenue of the budget...
When did the global economic recession start?
{ "text": [ "2007" ], "answer_start": [ 55 ] }
5728c4c42ca10214002da74b
Estonia
Because of the global economic recession that began in 2007, the GDP of Estonia decreased by 1.4% in the 2nd quarter of 2008, over 3% in the 3rd quarter of 2008, and over 9% in the 4th quarter of 2008. The Estonian government made a supplementary negative budget, which was passed by Riigikogu. The revenue of the budget...
What trend led to the decrease of Estonia's GDP?
{ "text": [ "global economic recession" ], "answer_start": [ 15 ] }
5728c4c42ca10214002da74c
Estonia
Because of the global economic recession that began in 2007, the GDP of Estonia decreased by 1.4% in the 2nd quarter of 2008, over 3% in the 3rd quarter of 2008, and over 9% in the 4th quarter of 2008. The Estonian government made a supplementary negative budget, which was passed by Riigikogu. The revenue of the budget...
Who approved the supplementary negative budget drafted by the Estonian government?
{ "text": [ "Riigikogu" ], "answer_start": [ 284 ] }
5728c4c42ca10214002da74d
Estonia
Because of the global economic recession that began in 2007, the GDP of Estonia decreased by 1.4% in the 2nd quarter of 2008, over 3% in the 3rd quarter of 2008, and over 9% in the 4th quarter of 2008. The Estonian government made a supplementary negative budget, which was passed by Riigikogu. The revenue of the budget...
What year did Estonia start their economic rise based on strong exports?
{ "text": [ "2010" ], "answer_start": [ 406 ] }
5728c53f4b864d1900164db6
Estonia
Since re-establishing independence, Estonia has styled itself as the gateway between East and West and aggressively pursued economic reform and integration with the West. Estonia's market reforms put it among the economic leaders in the former COMECON area.[citation needed] In 1994, based on the economic theories of Mi...
What Estonia view itself as after winning independence?
{ "text": [ "the gateway between East and West" ], "answer_start": [ 65 ] }
5728c53f4b864d1900164db7
Estonia
Since re-establishing independence, Estonia has styled itself as the gateway between East and West and aggressively pursued economic reform and integration with the West. Estonia's market reforms put it among the economic leaders in the former COMECON area.[citation needed] In 1994, based on the economic theories of Mi...
What year did Estonia establish a flat tax?
{ "text": [ "1994" ], "answer_start": [ 278 ] }
5728c53f4b864d1900164db8
Estonia
Since re-establishing independence, Estonia has styled itself as the gateway between East and West and aggressively pursued economic reform and integration with the West. Estonia's market reforms put it among the economic leaders in the former COMECON area.[citation needed] In 1994, based on the economic theories of Mi...
Who was the source of influence for the flat tax?
{ "text": [ "Milton Friedman" ], "answer_start": [ 318 ] }
5728c53f4b864d1900164db9
Estonia
Since re-establishing independence, Estonia has styled itself as the gateway between East and West and aggressively pursued economic reform and integration with the West. Estonia's market reforms put it among the economic leaders in the former COMECON area.[citation needed] In 1994, based on the economic theories of Mi...
What was tax rate imposed on the personal income?
{ "text": [ "a uniform rate of 26%" ], "answer_start": [ 403 ] }
5728c5e62ca10214002da780
Estonia
In 1999, Estonia experienced its worst year economically since it regained independence in 1991, largely because of the impact of the 1998 Russian financial crisis.[citation needed] Estonia joined the WTO in November 1999. With assistance from the European Union, the World Bank and the Nordic Investment Bank, Estonia c...
What was the worst economic year for Estonia after winning independence?
{ "text": [ "1999" ], "answer_start": [ 3 ] }
5728c5e62ca10214002da781
Estonia
In 1999, Estonia experienced its worst year economically since it regained independence in 1991, largely because of the impact of the 1998 Russian financial crisis.[citation needed] Estonia joined the WTO in November 1999. With assistance from the European Union, the World Bank and the Nordic Investment Bank, Estonia c...
What year did Estonia reclaim their independence?
{ "text": [ "1991" ], "answer_start": [ 91 ] }
5728c5e62ca10214002da782
Estonia
In 1999, Estonia experienced its worst year economically since it regained independence in 1991, largely because of the impact of the 1998 Russian financial crisis.[citation needed] Estonia joined the WTO in November 1999. With assistance from the European Union, the World Bank and the Nordic Investment Bank, Estonia c...
What event played a major part in the decline of the economy during 1999?
{ "text": [ "the 1998 Russian financial crisis" ], "answer_start": [ 130 ] }
5728c5e62ca10214002da783
Estonia
In 1999, Estonia experienced its worst year economically since it regained independence in 1991, largely because of the impact of the 1998 Russian financial crisis.[citation needed] Estonia joined the WTO in November 1999. With assistance from the European Union, the World Bank and the Nordic Investment Bank, Estonia c...
When did Estonia unite with the WTO?
{ "text": [ "November 1999" ], "answer_start": [ 208 ] }
5728c6a94b864d1900164dd6
Estonia
Estonia is a dependent country in the terms of energy and energy production. In recent years many local and foreign companies have been investing in renewable energy sources.[citation needed] The importance of wind power has been increasing steadily in Estonia and currently the total amount of energy production from wi...
What lacking resource does Estonia depend on other countries for?
{ "text": [ "energy" ], "answer_start": [ 47 ] }
5728c6a94b864d1900164dd7
Estonia
Estonia is a dependent country in the terms of energy and energy production. In recent years many local and foreign companies have been investing in renewable energy sources.[citation needed] The importance of wind power has been increasing steadily in Estonia and currently the total amount of energy production from wi...
What type of energy production as many companies been investing in recent years?
{ "text": [ "renewable energy sources" ], "answer_start": [ 149 ] }
5728c6a94b864d1900164dd8
Estonia
Estonia is a dependent country in the terms of energy and energy production. In recent years many local and foreign companies have been investing in renewable energy sources.[citation needed] The importance of wind power has been increasing steadily in Estonia and currently the total amount of energy production from wi...
What energy source has been increasing in Estonia?
{ "text": [ "wind power" ], "answer_start": [ 210 ] }
5728c6a94b864d1900164dd9
Estonia
Estonia is a dependent country in the terms of energy and energy production. In recent years many local and foreign companies have been investing in renewable energy sources.[citation needed] The importance of wind power has been increasing steadily in Estonia and currently the total amount of energy production from wi...
What is total amount of energy production from wind power?
{ "text": [ "nearly 60 MW" ], "answer_start": [ 326 ] }
5728c74d2ca10214002da7a4
Estonia
Estonia has had a market economy since the end of the 1990s and one of the highest per capita income levels in Eastern Europe. Proximity to the Scandinavian markets, its location between the East and West, competitive cost structure and a highly skilled labour force have been the major Estonian comparative advantages i...
In what region does Estonia hold one of the highest per capita income levels?
{ "text": [ "Eastern" ], "answer_start": [ 111 ] }
5728c74d2ca10214002da7a5
Estonia
Estonia has had a market economy since the end of the 1990s and one of the highest per capita income levels in Eastern Europe. Proximity to the Scandinavian markets, its location between the East and West, competitive cost structure and a highly skilled labour force have been the major Estonian comparative advantages i...
Being close to what commercial area gives Estonia a competitive advantage?
{ "text": [ "Scandinavian markets" ], "answer_start": [ 144 ] }
5728c74d2ca10214002da7a6
Estonia
Estonia has had a market economy since the end of the 1990s and one of the highest per capita income levels in Eastern Europe. Proximity to the Scandinavian markets, its location between the East and West, competitive cost structure and a highly skilled labour force have been the major Estonian comparative advantages i...
What is a major trait of the Estonian employed workers?
{ "text": [ "highly skilled" ], "answer_start": [ 239 ] }
5728c74d2ca10214002da7a7
Estonia
Estonia has had a market economy since the end of the 1990s and one of the highest per capita income levels in Eastern Europe. Proximity to the Scandinavian markets, its location between the East and West, competitive cost structure and a highly skilled labour force have been the major Estonian comparative advantages i...
What is the largest city in Estonia?
{ "text": [ "Tallinn" ], "answer_start": [ 380 ] }
5728c8262ca10214002da7b6
Estonia
In 2007, however, a large current account deficit and rising inflation put pressure on Estonia's currency, which was pegged to the Euro, highlighting the need for growth in export-generating industries. Estonia exports mainly machinery and equipment, wood and paper, textiles, food products, furniture, and metals and ch...
When did a huge deficit and rising inflation place pressure on Estonia's currency?
{ "text": [ "2007" ], "answer_start": [ 3 ] }
5728c8262ca10214002da7b7
Estonia
In 2007, however, a large current account deficit and rising inflation put pressure on Estonia's currency, which was pegged to the Euro, highlighting the need for growth in export-generating industries. Estonia exports mainly machinery and equipment, wood and paper, textiles, food products, furniture, and metals and ch...
What area of commerce did Estonia need to expand?
{ "text": [ "export-generating industries" ], "answer_start": [ 173 ] }
5728c8262ca10214002da7b8
Estonia
In 2007, however, a large current account deficit and rising inflation put pressure on Estonia's currency, which was pegged to the Euro, highlighting the need for growth in export-generating industries. Estonia exports mainly machinery and equipment, wood and paper, textiles, food products, furniture, and metals and ch...
How much electricity is imported by Estonia annually?
{ "text": [ "200 million kilowatt hours" ], "answer_start": [ 559 ] }
5728c8262ca10214002da7b9
Estonia
In 2007, however, a large current account deficit and rising inflation put pressure on Estonia's currency, which was pegged to the Euro, highlighting the need for growth in export-generating industries. Estonia exports mainly machinery and equipment, wood and paper, textiles, food products, furniture, and metals and ch...
How much electricity is exported by Estonia annually?
{ "text": [ "1.562 billion kilowatt hours" ], "answer_start": [ 358 ] }
5728c8c03acd2414000dfe59
Estonia
Between 2007 and 2013, Estonia receives 53.3 billion kroons (3.4 billion euros) from various European Union Structural Funds as direct supports by creating the largest foreign investments into Estonia ever. Majority of the European Union financial aid will be invested into to the following fields: energy economies, ent...
How much money did Estonia receive from European Union Structural Funds between 2007 and 2013?
{ "text": [ "53.3 billion kroons (3.4 billion euros)" ], "answer_start": [ 40 ] }
5728c8c03acd2414000dfe5a
Estonia
Between 2007 and 2013, Estonia receives 53.3 billion kroons (3.4 billion euros) from various European Union Structural Funds as direct supports by creating the largest foreign investments into Estonia ever. Majority of the European Union financial aid will be invested into to the following fields: energy economies, ent...
What year was the start of investments from the European Union Structural Funds?
{ "text": [ "2007" ], "answer_start": [ 8 ] }
5728c8c03acd2414000dfe5b
Estonia
Between 2007 and 2013, Estonia receives 53.3 billion kroons (3.4 billion euros) from various European Union Structural Funds as direct supports by creating the largest foreign investments into Estonia ever. Majority of the European Union financial aid will be invested into to the following fields: energy economies, ent...
What year was the end of investments from the European Union Structural Funds?
{ "text": [ "2013" ], "answer_start": [ 17 ] }
5728c96c4b864d1900164e20
Estonia
Between 1945 and 1989, the share of ethnic Estonians in the population resident within the currently defined boundaries of Estonia dropped to 61%, caused primarily by the Soviet programme promoting mass immigration of urban industrial workers from Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus, as well as by wartime emigration and Josep...
What period did the amount of ethnic Estonians drop by 61%?
{ "text": [ "Between 1945 and 1989" ], "answer_start": [ 0 ] }
5728c96c4b864d1900164e22
Estonia
Between 1945 and 1989, the share of ethnic Estonians in the population resident within the currently defined boundaries of Estonia dropped to 61%, caused primarily by the Soviet programme promoting mass immigration of urban industrial workers from Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus, as well as by wartime emigration and Josep...
Who ordered large scales of deportations and executions?
{ "text": [ "Joseph Stalin" ], "answer_start": [ 315 ] }
5728c96c4b864d1900164e23
Estonia
Between 1945 and 1989, the share of ethnic Estonians in the population resident within the currently defined boundaries of Estonia dropped to 61%, caused primarily by the Soviet programme promoting mass immigration of urban industrial workers from Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus, as well as by wartime emigration and Josep...
What year did minorities in Estonia make up more than a third of the country?
{ "text": [ "1989" ], "answer_start": [ 385 ] }
5728ca18ff5b5019007da6b0
Estonia
At the end of the 1980s, Estonians perceived their demographic change as a national catastrophe. This was a result of the migration policies essential to the Soviet Nationalisation Programme aiming to russify Estonia – administrative and military immigration of non-Estonians from the USSR coupled with the deportation o...
How did Estonians view the demographic change of less ethnic Estonians?
{ "text": [ "a national catastrophe" ], "answer_start": [ 73 ] }
5728ca18ff5b5019007da6b1
Estonia
At the end of the 1980s, Estonians perceived their demographic change as a national catastrophe. This was a result of the migration policies essential to the Soviet Nationalisation Programme aiming to russify Estonia – administrative and military immigration of non-Estonians from the USSR coupled with the deportation o...
What Russian institutions were removed in the decade following Estonia's reclaim of independence?
{ "text": [ "Russian military bases" ], "answer_start": [ 470 ] }
5728ca18ff5b5019007da6b2
Estonia
At the end of the 1980s, Estonians perceived their demographic change as a national catastrophe. This was a result of the migration policies essential to the Soviet Nationalisation Programme aiming to russify Estonia – administrative and military immigration of non-Estonians from the USSR coupled with the deportation o...
What percentage of Estonians were ethnic in 2006?
{ "text": [ "69%" ], "answer_start": [ 578 ] }
5728cbb5ff5b5019007da6c6
Estonia
Modern Estonia is a fairly ethnically heterogeneous country, but this heterogeneity is not a feature of much of the country as the non-Estonian population is concentrated in two of Estonia's counties. Thirteen of Estonia's 15 counties are over 80% ethnic Estonian, the most homogeneous being Hiiumaa, where Estonians acc...
What number of Estonia's counties are over 80% ethnic Estonian?
{ "text": [ "Thirteen" ], "answer_start": [ 201 ] }
5728cbb5ff5b5019007da6c7
Estonia
Modern Estonia is a fairly ethnically heterogeneous country, but this heterogeneity is not a feature of much of the country as the non-Estonian population is concentrated in two of Estonia's counties. Thirteen of Estonia's 15 counties are over 80% ethnic Estonian, the most homogeneous being Hiiumaa, where Estonians acc...
How many counties are in Estonia?
{ "text": [ "15" ], "answer_start": [ 223 ] }
5728cbb5ff5b5019007da6c8
Estonia
Modern Estonia is a fairly ethnically heterogeneous country, but this heterogeneity is not a feature of much of the country as the non-Estonian population is concentrated in two of Estonia's counties. Thirteen of Estonia's 15 counties are over 80% ethnic Estonian, the most homogeneous being Hiiumaa, where Estonians acc...
Which county in Estonia is the most uniform?
{ "text": [ "Hiiumaa" ], "answer_start": [ 292 ] }
5728cbb5ff5b5019007da6c9
Estonia
Modern Estonia is a fairly ethnically heterogeneous country, but this heterogeneity is not a feature of much of the country as the non-Estonian population is concentrated in two of Estonia's counties. Thirteen of Estonia's 15 counties are over 80% ethnic Estonian, the most homogeneous being Hiiumaa, where Estonians acc...
What percentage accounts for the total number people living in Hiiumaa that are ethnic Estonians?
{ "text": [ "98.4%" ], "answer_start": [ 329 ] }
5728cbb5ff5b5019007da6ca
Estonia
Modern Estonia is a fairly ethnically heterogeneous country, but this heterogeneity is not a feature of much of the country as the non-Estonian population is concentrated in two of Estonia's counties. Thirteen of Estonia's 15 counties are over 80% ethnic Estonian, the most homogeneous being Hiiumaa, where Estonians acc...
What number describes the percentage of Russian Estonians?
{ "text": [ "25.6%" ], "answer_start": [ 527 ] }
5728d0114b864d1900164ea2
Estonia
The Estonian Cultural Autonomy law that was passed in 1925 was unique in Europe at that time. Cultural autonomies could be granted to minorities numbering more than 3,000 people with longstanding ties to the Republic of Estonia. Before the Soviet occupation, the Germans and Jewish minorities managed to elect a cultural...
What year was the Estonian Cultural Autonomy law established?
{ "text": [ "1925" ], "answer_start": [ 54 ] }
5728d0114b864d1900164ea3
Estonia
The Estonian Cultural Autonomy law that was passed in 1925 was unique in Europe at that time. Cultural autonomies could be granted to minorities numbering more than 3,000 people with longstanding ties to the Republic of Estonia. Before the Soviet occupation, the Germans and Jewish minorities managed to elect a cultural...
In 1925, what rule did Estonia create that was unique in Europe?
{ "text": [ "The Estonian Cultural Autonomy law" ], "answer_start": [ 0 ] }
5728d0114b864d1900164ea4
Estonia
The Estonian Cultural Autonomy law that was passed in 1925 was unique in Europe at that time. Cultural autonomies could be granted to minorities numbering more than 3,000 people with longstanding ties to the Republic of Estonia. Before the Soviet occupation, the Germans and Jewish minorities managed to elect a cultural...
How many minorities were granted cultural autonomies?
{ "text": [ "more than 3,000 people" ], "answer_start": [ 155 ] }
5728d0114b864d1900164ea5
Estonia
The Estonian Cultural Autonomy law that was passed in 1925 was unique in Europe at that time. Cultural autonomies could be granted to minorities numbering more than 3,000 people with longstanding ties to the Republic of Estonia. Before the Soviet occupation, the Germans and Jewish minorities managed to elect a cultural...
What groups of minorities could elect a cultural council before the Soviet occupation?
{ "text": [ "Germans and Jewish minorities" ], "answer_start": [ 263 ] }
5728d0ccff5b5019007da728
Estonia
The 2008 United Nations Human Rights Council report called "extremely credible" the description of the citizenship policy of Estonia as "discriminatory". According to surveys, only 5% of the Russian community have considered returning to Russia in the near future. Estonian Russians have developed their own identity – m...
What document labeled the the description of the citizenship policy of Estonia as "discriminatory"?
{ "text": [ "The 2008 United Nations Human Rights Council report" ], "answer_start": [ 0 ] }
5728d0ccff5b5019007da729
Estonia
The 2008 United Nations Human Rights Council report called "extremely credible" the description of the citizenship policy of Estonia as "discriminatory". According to surveys, only 5% of the Russian community have considered returning to Russia in the near future. Estonian Russians have developed their own identity – m...
What percentage of Estonian Russians have though of going back to Russia?
{ "text": [ "5%" ], "answer_start": [ 181 ] }
5728d0ccff5b5019007da72a
Estonia
The 2008 United Nations Human Rights Council report called "extremely credible" the description of the citizenship policy of Estonia as "discriminatory". According to surveys, only 5% of the Russian community have considered returning to Russia in the near future. Estonian Russians have developed their own identity – m...
What proportion of Estonian Russians see themselves as different from their Russian counterparts?
{ "text": [ "more than half" ], "answer_start": [ 319 ] }
5728d14fff5b5019007da738
Estonia
Estonia's constitution guarantees freedom of religion, separation of church and state, and individual rights to privacy of belief and religion. According to the Dentsu Communication Institute Inc, Estonia is one of the least religious countries in the world, with 75.7% of the population claiming to be irreligious. The ...
What guarantees freedom of religion for Estonian citizens?
{ "text": [ "Estonia's constitution" ], "answer_start": [ 0 ] }
5728d14fff5b5019007da739
Estonia
Estonia's constitution guarantees freedom of religion, separation of church and state, and individual rights to privacy of belief and religion. According to the Dentsu Communication Institute Inc, Estonia is one of the least religious countries in the world, with 75.7% of the population claiming to be irreligious. The ...
Estonia's constitution declares the division of what parts of society?
{ "text": [ "separation of church and state" ], "answer_start": [ 55 ] }
5728d14fff5b5019007da73a
Estonia
Estonia's constitution guarantees freedom of religion, separation of church and state, and individual rights to privacy of belief and religion. According to the Dentsu Communication Institute Inc, Estonia is one of the least religious countries in the world, with 75.7% of the population claiming to be irreligious. The ...
What individual privacy rights are citizens granted?
{ "text": [ "belief and religion" ], "answer_start": [ 123 ] }