id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringlengths 3 59 | context stringlengths 151 3.71k | question stringlengths 12 217 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
572932863f37b319004780ed | Race_(human_categorization) | Eduardo Bonilla-Silva, Sociology professor at Duke University, remarks, "I contend that racism is, more than anything else, a matter of group power; it is about a dominant racial group (whites) striving to maintain its systemic advantages and minorities fighting to subvert the racial status quo." The types of practices... | Where is Eduardo Bonilla-Silver a Sociology professor? | {
"text": [
"Duke University"
],
"answer_start": [
46
]
} |
572932863f37b319004780ee | Race_(human_categorization) | Eduardo Bonilla-Silva, Sociology professor at Duke University, remarks, "I contend that racism is, more than anything else, a matter of group power; it is about a dominant racial group (whites) striving to maintain its systemic advantages and minorities fighting to subvert the racial status quo." The types of practices... | What does Bonilla-Silva contend racism is about more than anything else? | {
"text": [
"group power"
],
"answer_start": [
136
]
} |
572932863f37b319004780ef | Race_(human_categorization) | Eduardo Bonilla-Silva, Sociology professor at Duke University, remarks, "I contend that racism is, more than anything else, a matter of group power; it is about a dominant racial group (whites) striving to maintain its systemic advantages and minorities fighting to subvert the racial status quo." The types of practices... | Who does Bonilla-Silva think is the dominant racial group? | {
"text": [
"whites"
],
"answer_start": [
186
]
} |
572932863f37b319004780f0 | Race_(human_categorization) | Eduardo Bonilla-Silva, Sociology professor at Duke University, remarks, "I contend that racism is, more than anything else, a matter of group power; it is about a dominant racial group (whites) striving to maintain its systemic advantages and minorities fighting to subvert the racial status quo." The types of practices... | What idea does color-blind racism thrive on? | {
"text": [
"that race is no longer an issue"
],
"answer_start": [
468
]
} |
572932863f37b319004780f1 | Race_(human_categorization) | Eduardo Bonilla-Silva, Sociology professor at Duke University, remarks, "I contend that racism is, more than anything else, a matter of group power; it is about a dominant racial group (whites) striving to maintain its systemic advantages and minorities fighting to subvert the racial status quo." The types of practices... | What exists between the alleged color-blindness of most whites and the persistence of a system of inequality? | {
"text": [
"contradictions"
],
"answer_start": [
532
]
} |
572933831d04691400779159 | Race_(human_categorization) | The concept of biological race has declined significantly in frequency of use in physical anthropology in the United States during the 20th century. A majority of physical anthropologists in the United States have rejected the concept of biological races. Since 1932, an increasing number of college textbooks introducin... | What concept's use has declined significantly in the U.S. during the 20th century? | {
"text": [
"biological race"
],
"answer_start": [
15
]
} |
572933831d0469140077915a | Race_(human_categorization) | The concept of biological race has declined significantly in frequency of use in physical anthropology in the United States during the 20th century. A majority of physical anthropologists in the United States have rejected the concept of biological races. Since 1932, an increasing number of college textbooks introducin... | The majority of what group in the U.S. has rejected the concept of biological races? | {
"text": [
"physical anthropologists"
],
"answer_start": [
163
]
} |
572933831d0469140077915b | Race_(human_categorization) | The concept of biological race has declined significantly in frequency of use in physical anthropology in the United States during the 20th century. A majority of physical anthropologists in the United States have rejected the concept of biological races. Since 1932, an increasing number of college textbooks introducin... | What textbooks introducing anthropology have rejected race as a valid concept since 1932? | {
"text": [
"college"
],
"answer_start": [
292
]
} |
572933831d0469140077915c | Race_(human_categorization) | The concept of biological race has declined significantly in frequency of use in physical anthropology in the United States during the 20th century. A majority of physical anthropologists in the United States have rejected the concept of biological races. Since 1932, an increasing number of college textbooks introducin... | How many books out of 33, from 1975 to 1984, rejected race? | {
"text": [
"thirteen"
],
"answer_start": [
465
]
} |
572933831d0469140077915d | Race_(human_categorization) | The concept of biological race has declined significantly in frequency of use in physical anthropology in the United States during the 20th century. A majority of physical anthropologists in the United States have rejected the concept of biological races. Since 1932, an increasing number of college textbooks introducin... | What percentage of articles in 1996 employed a bio-race paradigm? | {
"text": [
"28 percent"
],
"answer_start": [
802
]
} |
5729347aaf94a219006aa18f | Race_(human_categorization) | According to the 2000 edition of a popular physical anthropology textbook, forensic anthropologists are overwhelmingly in support of the idea of the basic biological reality of human races. Forensic physical anthropologist and professor George W. Gill has said that the idea that race is only skin deep "is simply not tr... | What group of anthropologists overwhelmingly support the idea of human races? | {
"text": [
"forensic"
],
"answer_start": [
75
]
} |
5729347aaf94a219006aa190 | Race_(human_categorization) | According to the 2000 edition of a popular physical anthropology textbook, forensic anthropologists are overwhelmingly in support of the idea of the basic biological reality of human races. Forensic physical anthropologist and professor George W. Gill has said that the idea that race is only skin deep "is simply not tr... | What does George W. Gill think about the veracity of the idea that race is only skin deep? | {
"text": [
"simply not true"
],
"answer_start": [
307
]
} |
5729347aaf94a219006aa191 | Race_(human_categorization) | According to the 2000 edition of a popular physical anthropology textbook, forensic anthropologists are overwhelmingly in support of the idea of the basic biological reality of human races. Forensic physical anthropologist and professor George W. Gill has said that the idea that race is only skin deep "is simply not tr... | What are probably the primary forces of nature which shaped human races? | {
"text": [
"selective forces of climate"
],
"answer_start": [
521
]
} |
5729347aaf94a219006aa192 | Race_(human_categorization) | According to the 2000 edition of a popular physical anthropology textbook, forensic anthropologists are overwhelmingly in support of the idea of the basic biological reality of human races. Forensic physical anthropologist and professor George W. Gill has said that the idea that race is only skin deep "is simply not tr... | What does Gill think the complete denial of opposing evidence stems from? | {
"text": [
"socio-political motivation"
],
"answer_start": [
918
]
} |
5729347aaf94a219006aa193 | Race_(human_categorization) | According to the 2000 edition of a popular physical anthropology textbook, forensic anthropologists are overwhelmingly in support of the idea of the basic biological reality of human races. Forensic physical anthropologist and professor George W. Gill has said that the idea that race is only skin deep "is simply not tr... | What does Gill attribute the lack of presenting the perspective as a possibility to? | {
"text": [
"politically motivated censorship"
],
"answer_start": [
1237
]
} |
5729355b1d0469140077916d | Race_(human_categorization) | "Race" is still sometimes used within forensic anthropology (when analyzing skeletal remains), biomedical research, and race-based medicine. Brace has criticized this, the practice of forensic anthropologists for using the controversial concept "race" out of convention when they in fact should be talking about regional... | What type of anthropology is "race" sometimes still used within? | {
"text": [
"forensic"
],
"answer_start": [
38
]
} |
5729355b1d0469140077916e | Race_(human_categorization) | "Race" is still sometimes used within forensic anthropology (when analyzing skeletal remains), biomedical research, and race-based medicine. Brace has criticized this, the practice of forensic anthropologists for using the controversial concept "race" out of convention when they in fact should be talking about regional... | What term would Brace prefer forensic anthropologists use? | {
"text": [
"regional ancestry"
],
"answer_start": [
312
]
} |
5729355b1d0469140077916f | Race_(human_categorization) | "Race" is still sometimes used within forensic anthropology (when analyzing skeletal remains), biomedical research, and race-based medicine. Brace has criticized this, the practice of forensic anthropologists for using the controversial concept "race" out of convention when they in fact should be talking about regional... | What can forensic anthropologists determine about the ancestors of someone from their skeletal remains? | {
"text": [
"specific region"
],
"answer_start": [
454
]
} |
5729355b1d04691400779170 | Race_(human_categorization) | "Race" is still sometimes used within forensic anthropology (when analyzing skeletal remains), biomedical research, and race-based medicine. Brace has criticized this, the practice of forensic anthropologists for using the controversial concept "race" out of convention when they in fact should be talking about regional... | What does Brace feel the term "black" in meaningful in? | {
"text": [
"particular context"
],
"answer_start": [
591
]
} |
5729355b1d04691400779171 | Race_(human_categorization) | "Race" is still sometimes used within forensic anthropology (when analyzing skeletal remains), biomedical research, and race-based medicine. Brace has criticized this, the practice of forensic anthropologists for using the controversial concept "race" out of convention when they in fact should be talking about regional... | Why is it bad that a category is merely socially constructed? | {
"text": [
"is not itself scientifically valid"
],
"answer_start": [
642
]
} |
57293627af94a219006aa199 | Race_(human_categorization) | The authors of the study also examined 77 college textbooks in biology and 69 in physical anthropology published between 1932 and 1989. Physical anthropology texts argued that biological races exist until the 1970s, when they began to argue that races do not exist. In contrast, biology textbooks did not undergo such a ... | How many college textbooks in biology did the authors of the study examine? | {
"text": [
"77"
],
"answer_start": [
39
]
} |
57293627af94a219006aa19a | Race_(human_categorization) | The authors of the study also examined 77 college textbooks in biology and 69 in physical anthropology published between 1932 and 1989. Physical anthropology texts argued that biological races exist until the 1970s, when they began to argue that races do not exist. In contrast, biology textbooks did not undergo such a ... | Up until when did physical anthropology texts still argue that biological races exist? | {
"text": [
"the 1970s"
],
"answer_start": [
205
]
} |
57293627af94a219006aa19b | Race_(human_categorization) | The authors of the study also examined 77 college textbooks in biology and 69 in physical anthropology published between 1932 and 1989. Physical anthropology texts argued that biological races exist until the 1970s, when they began to argue that races do not exist. In contrast, biology textbooks did not undergo such a ... | What did biology textbooks drop altogether? | {
"text": [
"their discussion of race"
],
"answer_start": [
354
]
} |
57293627af94a219006aa19c | Race_(human_categorization) | The authors of the study also examined 77 college textbooks in biology and 69 in physical anthropology published between 1932 and 1989. Physical anthropology texts argued that biological races exist until the 1970s, when they began to argue that races do not exist. In contrast, biology textbooks did not undergo such a ... | What were biologists trying to avoid discussing the political implications of? | {
"text": [
"racial classifications"
],
"answer_start": [
490
]
} |
57293627af94a219006aa19d | Race_(human_categorization) | The authors of the study also examined 77 college textbooks in biology and 69 in physical anthropology published between 1932 and 1989. Physical anthropology texts argued that biological races exist until the 1970s, when they began to argue that races do not exist. In contrast, biology textbooks did not undergo such a ... | What did Douglas J. Futuyama consider the concept of race as not only being socially dysfunctional but this as well? | {
"text": [
"biologically indefensible"
],
"answer_start": [
992
]
} |
57293a28af94a219006aa1bf | Race_(human_categorization) | Morning (2008) looked at high school biology textbooks during the 1952-2002 period and initially found a similar pattern with only 35% directly discussing race in the 1983–92 period from initially 92% doing so. However, this has increased somewhat after this to 43%. More indirect and brief discussions of race in the co... | What did Morning find when he looked at biology textbooks during the 1952-2002 period? | {
"text": [
"similar pattern"
],
"answer_start": [
105
]
} |
57293a28af94a219006aa1c0 | Race_(human_categorization) | Morning (2008) looked at high school biology textbooks during the 1952-2002 period and initially found a similar pattern with only 35% directly discussing race in the 1983–92 period from initially 92% doing so. However, this has increased somewhat after this to 43%. More indirect and brief discussions of race in the co... | How many of the textbooks between 1983 and 1992 discussed race? | {
"text": [
"35%"
],
"answer_start": [
131
]
} |
57293a28af94a219006aa1c1 | Race_(human_categorization) | Morning (2008) looked at high school biology textbooks during the 1952-2002 period and initially found a similar pattern with only 35% directly discussing race in the 1983–92 period from initially 92% doing so. However, this has increased somewhat after this to 43%. More indirect and brief discussions of race in the co... | After 1992, what did the percentage of textbooks discussing race increase to? | {
"text": [
"43%"
],
"answer_start": [
262
]
} |
57293a28af94a219006aa1c2 | Race_(human_categorization) | Morning (2008) looked at high school biology textbooks during the 1952-2002 period and initially found a similar pattern with only 35% directly discussing race in the 1983–92 period from initially 92% doing so. However, this has increased somewhat after this to 43%. More indirect and brief discussions of race in the co... | What percentage have discussions of race in the context of medical disorders increased from zero to? | {
"text": [
"93%"
],
"answer_start": [
375
]
} |
57293a28af94a219006aa1c3 | Race_(human_categorization) | Morning (2008) looked at high school biology textbooks during the 1952-2002 period and initially found a similar pattern with only 35% directly discussing race in the 1983–92 period from initially 92% doing so. However, this has increased somewhat after this to 43%. More indirect and brief discussions of race in the co... | What does the study argue about the fundamental message regarding the existence of races? | {
"text": [
"changed little"
],
"answer_start": [
584
]
} |
57293bbeaf94a219006aa1c9 | Race_(human_categorization) | In the United States, federal government policy promotes the use of racially categorized data to identify and address health disparities between racial or ethnic groups. In clinical settings, race has sometimes been considered in the diagnosis and treatment of medical conditions. Doctors have noted that some medical co... | Who promotes the use of racially categorized data in the United States? | {
"text": [
"federal government"
],
"answer_start": [
22
]
} |
57293bbeaf94a219006aa1ca | Race_(human_categorization) | In the United States, federal government policy promotes the use of racially categorized data to identify and address health disparities between racial or ethnic groups. In clinical settings, race has sometimes been considered in the diagnosis and treatment of medical conditions. Doctors have noted that some medical co... | What has race sometimes been used in clinical settings to diagnose and treat? | {
"text": [
"medical conditions"
],
"answer_start": [
261
]
} |
57293bbeaf94a219006aa1cb | Race_(human_categorization) | In the United States, federal government policy promotes the use of racially categorized data to identify and address health disparities between racial or ethnic groups. In clinical settings, race has sometimes been considered in the diagnosis and treatment of medical conditions. Doctors have noted that some medical co... | What have doctors noted about some medical conditions in certain racial groups? | {
"text": [
"more prevalent"
],
"answer_start": [
333
]
} |
57293bbeaf94a219006aa1cc | Race_(human_categorization) | In the United States, federal government policy promotes the use of racially categorized data to identify and address health disparities between racial or ethnic groups. In clinical settings, race has sometimes been considered in the diagnosis and treatment of medical conditions. Doctors have noted that some medical co... | What fueled the recent interest in race-based medicine? | {
"text": [
"proliferation of human genetic data"
],
"answer_start": [
551
]
} |
57293bbeaf94a219006aa1cd | Race_(human_categorization) | In the United States, federal government policy promotes the use of racially categorized data to identify and address health disparities between racial or ethnic groups. In clinical settings, race has sometimes been considered in the diagnosis and treatment of medical conditions. Doctors have noted that some medical co... | What do proponents of the use of racial categories in biomedicine think it makes possible? | {
"text": [
"application of new genetic findings,"
],
"answer_start": [
972
]
} |
57293db73f37b3190047817b | Race_(human_categorization) | Other researchers point out that finding a difference in disease prevalence between two socially defined groups does not necessarily imply genetic causation of the difference. They suggest that medical practices should maintain their focus on the individual rather than an individual's membership to any group. They argu... | What does finding a difference in disease prevalence between two socially defined groups not necessarily imply? | {
"text": [
"genetic causation of the difference"
],
"answer_start": [
139
]
} |
57293db73f37b3190047817c | Race_(human_categorization) | Other researchers point out that finding a difference in disease prevalence between two socially defined groups does not necessarily imply genetic causation of the difference. They suggest that medical practices should maintain their focus on the individual rather than an individual's membership to any group. They argu... | What do some research suggest medical practices should maintain their focus on? | {
"text": [
"the individual"
],
"answer_start": [
243
]
} |
57293db73f37b3190047817d | Race_(human_categorization) | Other researchers point out that finding a difference in disease prevalence between two socially defined groups does not necessarily imply genetic causation of the difference. They suggest that medical practices should maintain their focus on the individual rather than an individual's membership to any group. They argu... | What is a risk of overemphasizing genetic contributions to health issues? | {
"text": [
"reinforcing stereotypes"
],
"answer_start": [
417
]
} |
57293db73f37b3190047817e | Race_(human_categorization) | Other researchers point out that finding a difference in disease prevalence between two socially defined groups does not necessarily imply genetic causation of the difference. They suggest that medical practices should maintain their focus on the individual rather than an individual's membership to any group. They argu... | What is makes more of a difference than race in health outcomes for "race specific" diseases? | {
"text": [
"living conditions"
],
"answer_start": [
579
]
} |
57293db73f37b3190047817f | Race_(human_categorization) | Other researchers point out that finding a difference in disease prevalence between two socially defined groups does not necessarily imply genetic causation of the difference. They suggest that medical practices should maintain their focus on the individual rather than an individual's membership to any group. They argu... | What have some studies found patients reluctant to accept in medical practice? | {
"text": [
"racial categorization"
],
"answer_start": [
779
]
} |
572940edaf94a219006aa1ef | Race_(human_categorization) | In an attempt to provide general descriptions that may facilitate the job of law enforcement officers seeking to apprehend suspects, the United States FBI employs the term "race" to summarize the general appearance (skin color, hair texture, eye shape, and other such easily noticed characteristics) of individuals whom ... | What does the FBI feel providing general descriptions helps to facilitate? | {
"text": [
"job of law enforcement officers"
],
"answer_start": [
70
]
} |
572940edaf94a219006aa1f0 | Race_(human_categorization) | In an attempt to provide general descriptions that may facilitate the job of law enforcement officers seeking to apprehend suspects, the United States FBI employs the term "race" to summarize the general appearance (skin color, hair texture, eye shape, and other such easily noticed characteristics) of individuals whom ... | What does the FBI employ the term race to summarize? | {
"text": [
"general appearance"
],
"answer_start": [
196
]
} |
572940edaf94a219006aa1f1 | Race_(human_categorization) | In an attempt to provide general descriptions that may facilitate the job of law enforcement officers seeking to apprehend suspects, the United States FBI employs the term "race" to summarize the general appearance (skin color, hair texture, eye shape, and other such easily noticed characteristics) of individuals whom ... | What does law enforcement feel appearance characteristics of individuals help them do to those individuals? | {
"text": [
"apprehend"
],
"answer_start": [
343
]
} |
572940edaf94a219006aa1f2 | Race_(human_categorization) | In an attempt to provide general descriptions that may facilitate the job of law enforcement officers seeking to apprehend suspects, the United States FBI employs the term "race" to summarize the general appearance (skin color, hair texture, eye shape, and other such easily noticed characteristics) of individuals whom ... | What is more important for law enforcement in categorizing instead of DNA? | {
"text": [
"arrive at a description"
],
"answer_start": [
438
]
} |
572940edaf94a219006aa1f3 | Race_(human_categorization) | In an attempt to provide general descriptions that may facilitate the job of law enforcement officers seeking to apprehend suspects, the United States FBI employs the term "race" to summarize the general appearance (skin color, hair texture, eye shape, and other such easily noticed characteristics) of individuals whom ... | What does a description of a wanted individual include beyond their racial category? | {
"text": [
"height, weight, eye color, scars and other distinguishing characteristics."
],
"answer_start": [
713
]
} |
572941bb1d04691400779203 | Race_(human_categorization) | Criminal justice agencies in England and Wales use at least two separate racial/ethnic classification systems when reporting crime, as of 2010. One is the system used in the 2001 Census when individuals identify themselves as belonging to a particular ethnic group: W1 (White-British), W2 (White-Irish), W9 (Any other wh... | How many separate classification systems do agencies in England and Wales use? | {
"text": [
"at least two"
],
"answer_start": [
51
]
} |
572941bb1d04691400779204 | Race_(human_categorization) | Criminal justice agencies in England and Wales use at least two separate racial/ethnic classification systems when reporting crime, as of 2010. One is the system used in the 2001 Census when individuals identify themselves as belonging to a particular ethnic group: W1 (White-British), W2 (White-Irish), W9 (Any other wh... | When did individuals self-identify as belonging to a particular ethnic group? | {
"text": [
"the 2001 Census"
],
"answer_start": [
170
]
} |
572941bb1d04691400779205 | Race_(human_categorization) | Criminal justice agencies in England and Wales use at least two separate racial/ethnic classification systems when reporting crime, as of 2010. One is the system used in the 2001 Census when individuals identify themselves as belonging to a particular ethnic group: W1 (White-British), W2 (White-Irish), W9 (Any other wh... | How do police identify someone as belonging to an ethnic group? | {
"text": [
"visually"
],
"answer_start": [
710
]
} |
572941bb1d04691400779206 | Race_(human_categorization) | Criminal justice agencies in England and Wales use at least two separate racial/ethnic classification systems when reporting crime, as of 2010. One is the system used in the 2001 Census when individuals identify themselves as belonging to a particular ethnic group: W1 (White-British), W2 (White-Irish), W9 (Any other wh... | What does IC stand for? | {
"text": [
"Identification Code"
],
"answer_start": [
1011
]
} |
572941bb1d04691400779207 | Race_(human_categorization) | Criminal justice agencies in England and Wales use at least two separate racial/ethnic classification systems when reporting crime, as of 2010. One is the system used in the 2001 Census when individuals identify themselves as belonging to a particular ethnic group: W1 (White-British), W2 (White-Irish), W9 (Any other wh... | What ethnicity term was one problem cited about the number of reports containing it? | {
"text": [
"Not Stated"
],
"answer_start": [
1563
]
} |
572942763f37b319004781b7 | Race_(human_categorization) | In the United States, the practice of racial profiling has been ruled to be both unconstitutional and a violation of civil rights. There is active debate regarding the cause of a marked correlation between the recorded crimes, punishments meted out, and the country's populations. Many consider de facto racial profiling... | Where has the practice of racial profiling been ruled to be unconstitutional? | {
"text": [
"United States"
],
"answer_start": [
7
]
} |
572942763f37b319004781b8 | Race_(human_categorization) | In the United States, the practice of racial profiling has been ruled to be both unconstitutional and a violation of civil rights. There is active debate regarding the cause of a marked correlation between the recorded crimes, punishments meted out, and the country's populations. Many consider de facto racial profiling... | What is a violation of civil rights in the United States? | {
"text": [
"racial profiling"
],
"answer_start": [
38
]
} |
572942763f37b319004781b9 | Race_(human_categorization) | In the United States, the practice of racial profiling has been ruled to be both unconstitutional and a violation of civil rights. There is active debate regarding the cause of a marked correlation between the recorded crimes, punishments meted out, and the country's populations. Many consider de facto racial profiling... | What do many consider an example of institutional racism in law enforcement? | {
"text": [
"de facto racial profiling"
],
"answer_start": [
295
]
} |
572942763f37b319004781ba | Race_(human_categorization) | In the United States, the practice of racial profiling has been ruled to be both unconstitutional and a violation of civil rights. There is active debate regarding the cause of a marked correlation between the recorded crimes, punishments meted out, and the country's populations. Many consider de facto racial profiling... | How has the misuse of racial categories historically impacted one or more groups? | {
"text": [
"adversely"
],
"answer_start": [
429
]
} |
572942763f37b319004781bb | Race_(human_categorization) | In the United States, the practice of racial profiling has been ruled to be both unconstitutional and a violation of civil rights. There is active debate regarding the cause of a marked correlation between the recorded crimes, punishments meted out, and the country's populations. Many consider de facto racial profiling... | What has impacted the debate on the legitimate use of known phenotypical characteristics? | {
"text": [
"misuse of racial categories"
],
"answer_start": [
391
]
} |
572944df6aef051400154c24 | Race_(human_categorization) | Mass incarceration in the United States disproportionately impacts African American and Latino communities. Michelle Alexander, author of The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness (2010), argues that mass incarceration is best understood as not only a system of overcrowded prisons. Mass incarcer... | What impacts African American and Latino communities in disproportionate numbers? | {
"text": [
"Mass incarceration"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
572944df6aef051400154c25 | Race_(human_categorization) | Mass incarceration in the United States disproportionately impacts African American and Latino communities. Michelle Alexander, author of The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness (2010), argues that mass incarceration is best understood as not only a system of overcrowded prisons. Mass incarcer... | Who is the author of "The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness"? | {
"text": [
"Michelle Alexander"
],
"answer_start": [
108
]
} |
572944df6aef051400154c26 | Race_(human_categorization) | Mass incarceration in the United States disproportionately impacts African American and Latino communities. Michelle Alexander, author of The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness (2010), argues that mass incarceration is best understood as not only a system of overcrowded prisons. Mass incarcer... | What type of bars and walls beyond physical ones does Alexander think people are behind? | {
"text": [
"virtual"
],
"answer_start": [
571
]
} |
572944df6aef051400154c27 | Race_(human_categorization) | Mass incarceration in the United States disproportionately impacts African American and Latino communities. Michelle Alexander, author of The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness (2010), argues that mass incarceration is best understood as not only a system of overcrowded prisons. Mass incarcer... | Who does Alexander think a second class citizenship is imposed upon disproportionately? | {
"text": [
"people of color"
],
"answer_start": [
694
]
} |
572944df6aef051400154c28 | Race_(human_categorization) | Mass incarceration in the United States disproportionately impacts African American and Latino communities. Michelle Alexander, author of The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness (2010), argues that mass incarceration is best understood as not only a system of overcrowded prisons. Mass incarcer... | What type of caste system is mass incarceration compared to? | {
"text": [
"racial"
],
"answer_start": [
819
]
} |
5729458baf94a219006aa22d | Race_(human_categorization) | Similarly, forensic anthropologists draw on highly heritable morphological features of human remains (e.g. cranial measurements) to aid in the identification of the body, including in terms of race. In a 1992 article, anthropologist Norman Sauer noted that anthropologists had generally abandoned the concept of race as ... | What morphological features do forensic anthropologists draw on? | {
"text": [
"highly heritable"
],
"answer_start": [
44
]
} |
5729458baf94a219006aa22e | Race_(human_categorization) | Similarly, forensic anthropologists draw on highly heritable morphological features of human remains (e.g. cranial measurements) to aid in the identification of the body, including in terms of race. In a 1992 article, anthropologist Norman Sauer noted that anthropologists had generally abandoned the concept of race as ... | What measurement can aid in the identification of a human body? | {
"text": [
"cranial"
],
"answer_start": [
107
]
} |
5729458baf94a219006aa22f | Race_(human_categorization) | Similarly, forensic anthropologists draw on highly heritable morphological features of human remains (e.g. cranial measurements) to aid in the identification of the body, including in terms of race. In a 1992 article, anthropologist Norman Sauer noted that anthropologists had generally abandoned the concept of race as ... | Who noted in a 1992 article that anthropologists had generally abandoned the concept of race as valid? | {
"text": [
"Norman Sauer"
],
"answer_start": [
233
]
} |
5729458baf94a219006aa230 | Race_(human_categorization) | Similarly, forensic anthropologists draw on highly heritable morphological features of human remains (e.g. cranial measurements) to aid in the identification of the body, including in terms of race. In a 1992 article, anthropologist Norman Sauer noted that anthropologists had generally abandoned the concept of race as ... | What group still uses race as a valid means to represent human biological diversity? | {
"text": [
"forensic anthropologists"
],
"answer_start": [
452
]
} |
5729458baf94a219006aa231 | Race_(human_categorization) | Similarly, forensic anthropologists draw on highly heritable morphological features of human remains (e.g. cranial measurements) to aid in the identification of the body, including in terms of race. In a 1992 article, anthropologist Norman Sauer noted that anthropologists had generally abandoned the concept of race as ... | What are forensic anthropologists very good at identifying? | {
"text": [
"races"
],
"answer_start": [
425
]
} |
572946336aef051400154c42 | Race_(human_categorization) | Abu el-Haj argues that genomics and the mapping of lineages and clusters liberates "the new racial science from the older one by disentangling ancestry from culture and capacity."[citation needed] As an example, she refers to recent work by Hammer et al., which aimed to test the claim that present-day Jews are more clo... | What does mapping clusters disentangle ancestry from? | {
"text": [
"culture"
],
"answer_start": [
157
]
} |
572946336aef051400154c43 | Race_(human_categorization) | Abu el-Haj argues that genomics and the mapping of lineages and clusters liberates "the new racial science from the older one by disentangling ancestry from culture and capacity."[citation needed] As an example, she refers to recent work by Hammer et al., which aimed to test the claim that present-day Jews are more clo... | Hammer and others recently aimed to test what claim about how closely related present-day Jews are to what group? | {
"text": [
"neighbouring non-Jewish populations"
],
"answer_start": [
356
]
} |
572946336aef051400154c44 | Race_(human_categorization) | Abu el-Haj argues that genomics and the mapping of lineages and clusters liberates "the new racial science from the older one by disentangling ancestry from culture and capacity."[citation needed] As an example, she refers to recent work by Hammer et al., which aimed to test the claim that present-day Jews are more clo... | What shifted depending on the locus investigated? | {
"text": [
"the degree of genetic similarity among Jews"
],
"answer_start": [
418
]
} |
572946336aef051400154c45 | Race_(human_categorization) | Abu el-Haj argues that genomics and the mapping of lineages and clusters liberates "the new racial science from the older one by disentangling ancestry from culture and capacity."[citation needed] As an example, she refers to recent work by Hammer et al., which aimed to test the claim that present-day Jews are more clo... | What was suggested the reason for the degree of genetic shift among Jews was the result of? | {
"text": [
"natural selection acting on particular loci"
],
"answer_start": [
549
]
} |
572946336aef051400154c46 | Race_(human_categorization) | Abu el-Haj argues that genomics and the mapping of lineages and clusters liberates "the new racial science from the older one by disentangling ancestry from culture and capacity."[citation needed] As an example, she refers to recent work by Hammer et al., which aimed to test the claim that present-day Jews are more clo... | What chromosome was focused on to circumvent some of the complications associated with selection? | {
"text": [
"Y"
],
"answer_start": [
630
]
} |
572947453f37b319004781f9 | Race_(human_categorization) | As another example, she points to work by Thomas et al., who sought to distinguish between the Y chromosomes of Jewish priests (Kohanim), (in Judaism, membership in the priesthood is passed on through the father's line) and the Y chromosomes of non-Jews. Abu el-Haj concluded that this new "race science" calls attention... | Thomas and others sought to distinguish between what chromosome of Jewish priests and that of non-Jews? | {
"text": [
"Y"
],
"answer_start": [
95
]
} |
572947453f37b319004781fa | Race_(human_categorization) | As another example, she points to work by Thomas et al., who sought to distinguish between the Y chromosomes of Jewish priests (Kohanim), (in Judaism, membership in the priesthood is passed on through the father's line) and the Y chromosomes of non-Jews. Abu el-Haj concluded that this new "race science" calls attention... | What does the new "race science" call attention to the importance of? | {
"text": [
"ancestry"
],
"answer_start": [
343
]
} |
572947453f37b319004781fb | Race_(human_categorization) | As another example, she points to work by Thomas et al., who sought to distinguish between the Y chromosomes of Jewish priests (Kohanim), (in Judaism, membership in the priesthood is passed on through the father's line) and the Y chromosomes of non-Jews. Abu el-Haj concluded that this new "race science" calls attention... | What do people desire to use science to confirm? | {
"text": [
"their claims about ancestry"
],
"answer_start": [
498
]
} |
572947453f37b319004781fc | Race_(human_categorization) | As another example, she points to work by Thomas et al., who sought to distinguish between the Y chromosomes of Jewish priests (Kohanim), (in Judaism, membership in the priesthood is passed on through the father's line) and the Y chromosomes of non-Jews. Abu el-Haj concluded that this new "race science" calls attention... | What is fundamentally different from older notions of race? | {
"text": [
"race science"
],
"answer_start": [
533
]
} |
572947453f37b319004781fd | Race_(human_categorization) | As another example, she points to work by Thomas et al., who sought to distinguish between the Y chromosomes of Jewish priests (Kohanim), (in Judaism, membership in the priesthood is passed on through the father's line) and the Y chromosomes of non-Jews. Abu el-Haj concluded that this new "race science" calls attention... | How were older notions of race used? | {
"text": [
"to explain differences in human behaviour or social status"
],
"answer_start": [
629
]
} |
572947f33f37b31900478203 | Race_(human_categorization) | One problem with these assignments is admixture. Many people have a highly varied ancestry. For example, in the United States, colonial and early federal history were periods of numerous interracial relationships, both outside and inside slavery. This has resulted in a majority of people who identify as African America... | What is a problem with racial assignments? | {
"text": [
"admixture"
],
"answer_start": [
38
]
} |
572947f33f37b31900478204 | Race_(human_categorization) | One problem with these assignments is admixture. Many people have a highly varied ancestry. For example, in the United States, colonial and early federal history were periods of numerous interracial relationships, both outside and inside slavery. This has resulted in a majority of people who identify as African America... | How many people have a varied ancestry? | {
"text": [
"Many"
],
"answer_start": [
49
]
} |
572947f33f37b31900478205 | Race_(human_categorization) | One problem with these assignments is admixture. Many people have a highly varied ancestry. For example, in the United States, colonial and early federal history were periods of numerous interracial relationships, both outside and inside slavery. This has resulted in a majority of people who identify as African America... | When were periods of numerous interracial relationships in the U.S.? | {
"text": [
"colonial and early federal history"
],
"answer_start": [
127
]
} |
572947f33f37b31900478206 | Race_(human_categorization) | One problem with these assignments is admixture. Many people have a highly varied ancestry. For example, in the United States, colonial and early federal history were periods of numerous interracial relationships, both outside and inside slavery. This has resulted in a majority of people who identify as African America... | Who do many people who identify as white have for ancestors? | {
"text": [
"African"
],
"answer_start": [
409
]
} |
572947f33f37b31900478207 | Race_(human_categorization) | One problem with these assignments is admixture. Many people have a highly varied ancestry. For example, in the United States, colonial and early federal history were periods of numerous interracial relationships, both outside and inside slavery. This has resulted in a majority of people who identify as African America... | What percentage of African ancestry were 30% of college students identifying as white estimated to have? | {
"text": [
"10%"
],
"answer_start": [
560
]
} |
5728b2912ca10214002da5fa | Paris | Since the 19th century, the built-up area of Paris has grown far beyond its administrative borders; together with its suburbs, the whole agglomeration has a population of 10,550,350 (Jan. 2012 census). Paris' metropolitan area spans most of the Paris region and has a population of 12,341,418 (Jan. 2012 census), or one-... | What is the aggregate population of Paris? | {
"text": [
"10,550,350"
],
"answer_start": [
171
]
} |
5728b2912ca10214002da5fb | Paris | Since the 19th century, the built-up area of Paris has grown far beyond its administrative borders; together with its suburbs, the whole agglomeration has a population of 10,550,350 (Jan. 2012 census). Paris' metropolitan area spans most of the Paris region and has a population of 12,341,418 (Jan. 2012 census), or one-... | From what census is this information from? | {
"text": [
"2012 census"
],
"answer_start": [
188
]
} |
5728b2912ca10214002da5fc | Paris | Since the 19th century, the built-up area of Paris has grown far beyond its administrative borders; together with its suburbs, the whole agglomeration has a population of 10,550,350 (Jan. 2012 census). Paris' metropolitan area spans most of the Paris region and has a population of 12,341,418 (Jan. 2012 census), or one-... | What is the population of Paris' metropolitan area? | {
"text": [
"12,341,418"
],
"answer_start": [
282
]
} |
5728b2912ca10214002da5fd | Paris | Since the 19th century, the built-up area of Paris has grown far beyond its administrative borders; together with its suburbs, the whole agglomeration has a population of 10,550,350 (Jan. 2012 census). Paris' metropolitan area spans most of the Paris region and has a population of 12,341,418 (Jan. 2012 census), or one-... | How many kilometers does the administrative region cover? | {
"text": [
"12,012 km²"
],
"answer_start": [
388
]
} |
5728b2912ca10214002da5fe | Paris | Since the 19th century, the built-up area of Paris has grown far beyond its administrative borders; together with its suburbs, the whole agglomeration has a population of 10,550,350 (Jan. 2012 census). Paris' metropolitan area spans most of the Paris region and has a population of 12,341,418 (Jan. 2012 census), or one-... | As of 2014 how many inhabitants lived in the administrative region? | {
"text": [
"12 million"
],
"answer_start": [
431
]
} |
5728b348ff5b5019007da4d4 | Paris | Paris is the home of the most visited art museum in the world, the Louvre, as well as the Musée d'Orsay, noted for its collection of French Impressionist art, and the Musée National d'Art Moderne, a museum of modern and contemporary art. The notable architectural landmarks of Paris include Notre Dame Cathedral (12th ce... | What is the most visited art museum in the world? | {
"text": [
"Louvre"
],
"answer_start": [
67
]
} |
5728b348ff5b5019007da4d5 | Paris | Paris is the home of the most visited art museum in the world, the Louvre, as well as the Musée d'Orsay, noted for its collection of French Impressionist art, and the Musée National d'Art Moderne, a museum of modern and contemporary art. The notable architectural landmarks of Paris include Notre Dame Cathedral (12th ce... | what is the Musee de Orsay known for? | {
"text": [
"French Impressionist art"
],
"answer_start": [
133
]
} |
5728b348ff5b5019007da4d6 | Paris | Paris is the home of the most visited art museum in the world, the Louvre, as well as the Musée d'Orsay, noted for its collection of French Impressionist art, and the Musée National d'Art Moderne, a museum of modern and contemporary art. The notable architectural landmarks of Paris include Notre Dame Cathedral (12th ce... | In what year was the Eiffel Tower built? | {
"text": [
"1889"
],
"answer_start": [
382
]
} |
5728b348ff5b5019007da4d7 | Paris | Paris is the home of the most visited art museum in the world, the Louvre, as well as the Musée d'Orsay, noted for its collection of French Impressionist art, and the Musée National d'Art Moderne, a museum of modern and contemporary art. The notable architectural landmarks of Paris include Notre Dame Cathedral (12th ce... | How many visitors did Paris receive in 2014? | {
"text": [
"22.4 million"
],
"answer_start": [
465
]
} |
5728b348ff5b5019007da4d8 | Paris | Paris is the home of the most visited art museum in the world, the Louvre, as well as the Musée d'Orsay, noted for its collection of French Impressionist art, and the Musée National d'Art Moderne, a museum of modern and contemporary art. The notable architectural landmarks of Paris include Notre Dame Cathedral (12th ce... | In what century was the Notre Dame Cathedral built? | {
"text": [
"12th"
],
"answer_start": [
313
]
} |
5728b510ff5b5019007da51a | Paris | Paris is home to the association football club Paris Saint-Germain and the rugby union club Stade Français. The 80,000-seat Stade de France, built for the 1998 FIFA World Cup, is located just north of Paris in the commune of Saint-Denis. Paris hosts the annual French Open Grand Slam tennis tournament on the red clay of... | What is the name of the football club in Paris? | {
"text": [
"Paris Saint-Germain"
],
"answer_start": [
47
]
} |
5728b510ff5b5019007da51b | Paris | Paris is home to the association football club Paris Saint-Germain and the rugby union club Stade Français. The 80,000-seat Stade de France, built for the 1998 FIFA World Cup, is located just north of Paris in the commune of Saint-Denis. Paris hosts the annual French Open Grand Slam tennis tournament on the red clay of... | What is the name of the rugby union in Paris? | {
"text": [
"Stade Français"
],
"answer_start": [
92
]
} |
5728b510ff5b5019007da51c | Paris | Paris is home to the association football club Paris Saint-Germain and the rugby union club Stade Français. The 80,000-seat Stade de France, built for the 1998 FIFA World Cup, is located just north of Paris in the commune of Saint-Denis. Paris hosts the annual French Open Grand Slam tennis tournament on the red clay of... | How many seats are in Stade de France? | {
"text": [
"80,000"
],
"answer_start": [
112
]
} |
5728b510ff5b5019007da51d | Paris | Paris is home to the association football club Paris Saint-Germain and the rugby union club Stade Français. The 80,000-seat Stade de France, built for the 1998 FIFA World Cup, is located just north of Paris in the commune of Saint-Denis. Paris hosts the annual French Open Grand Slam tennis tournament on the red clay of... | In what year did Paris host the World Cup? | {
"text": [
"2007"
],
"answer_start": [
435
]
} |
5728b510ff5b5019007da51e | Paris | Paris is home to the association football club Paris Saint-Germain and the rugby union club Stade Français. The 80,000-seat Stade de France, built for the 1998 FIFA World Cup, is located just north of Paris in the commune of Saint-Denis. Paris hosts the annual French Open Grand Slam tennis tournament on the red clay of... | In what month is the Tour de France? | {
"text": [
"July"
],
"answer_start": [
463
]
} |
5728b6a6ff5b5019007da534 | Paris | By the end of the Western Roman Empire, the town was known simply as Parisius in Latin and Paris in French. Christianity was introduced in the middle of the 3rd century AD. According to tradition, it was brought by Saint Denis, the first Bishop of Paris. When he refused to renounce his faith, he was beheaded on the hil... | What was Paris known as in Latin? | {
"text": [
"Parisius"
],
"answer_start": [
69
]
} |
5728b6a6ff5b5019007da535 | Paris | By the end of the Western Roman Empire, the town was known simply as Parisius in Latin and Paris in French. Christianity was introduced in the middle of the 3rd century AD. According to tradition, it was brought by Saint Denis, the first Bishop of Paris. When he refused to renounce his faith, he was beheaded on the hil... | In what century was Christianity introduced? | {
"text": [
"3rd"
],
"answer_start": [
157
]
} |
5728b6a6ff5b5019007da536 | Paris | By the end of the Western Roman Empire, the town was known simply as Parisius in Latin and Paris in French. Christianity was introduced in the middle of the 3rd century AD. According to tradition, it was brought by Saint Denis, the first Bishop of Paris. When he refused to renounce his faith, he was beheaded on the hil... | Who brought Christianity to Paris? | {
"text": [
"Saint Denis"
],
"answer_start": [
215
]
} |
5728b6a6ff5b5019007da537 | Paris | By the end of the Western Roman Empire, the town was known simply as Parisius in Latin and Paris in French. Christianity was introduced in the middle of the 3rd century AD. According to tradition, it was brought by Saint Denis, the first Bishop of Paris. When he refused to renounce his faith, he was beheaded on the hil... | What is the name of Saint Denis burial place? | {
"text": [
"Basilica of Saint-Denis"
],
"answer_start": [
471
]
} |
5728b6a6ff5b5019007da538 | Paris | By the end of the Western Roman Empire, the town was known simply as Parisius in Latin and Paris in French. Christianity was introduced in the middle of the 3rd century AD. According to tradition, it was brought by Saint Denis, the first Bishop of Paris. When he refused to renounce his faith, he was beheaded on the hil... | Where was Saint Denis beheaded? | {
"text": [
"Mountain of Martyrs"
],
"answer_start": [
349
]
} |
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