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5729888b6aef051400154fac
Neoclassical_architecture
From about 1800 a fresh influx of Greek architectural examples, seen through the medium of etchings and engravings, gave a new impetus to neoclassicism, the Greek Revival. There was little to no direct knowledge of Greek civilization before the middle of the 18th century in Western Europe, when an expedition funded by ...
From around 1800 an influx of etchings and engravings came from where?
{ "text": [ "Greek architectural" ], "answer_start": [ 34 ] }
5729888b6aef051400154fad
Neoclassical_architecture
From about 1800 a fresh influx of Greek architectural examples, seen through the medium of etchings and engravings, gave a new impetus to neoclassicism, the Greek Revival. There was little to no direct knowledge of Greek civilization before the middle of the 18th century in Western Europe, when an expedition funded by ...
What was this new phase of neoclassicism?
{ "text": [ "Greek Revival" ], "answer_start": [ 157 ] }
5729888b6aef051400154fae
Neoclassical_architecture
From about 1800 a fresh influx of Greek architectural examples, seen through the medium of etchings and engravings, gave a new impetus to neoclassicism, the Greek Revival. There was little to no direct knowledge of Greek civilization before the middle of the 18th century in Western Europe, when an expedition funded by ...
Prior to what century had there been little contact between western europe and greek civilization?
{ "text": [ "18th century" ], "answer_start": [ 259 ] }
5729888b6aef051400154faf
Neoclassical_architecture
From about 1800 a fresh influx of Greek architectural examples, seen through the medium of etchings and engravings, gave a new impetus to neoclassicism, the Greek Revival. There was little to no direct knowledge of Greek civilization before the middle of the 18th century in Western Europe, when an expedition funded by ...
Who led an expedition to Greece in 1751?
{ "text": [ "James Stuart and Nicholas Revett" ], "answer_start": [ 365 ] }
5729888b6aef051400154fb0
Neoclassical_architecture
From about 1800 a fresh influx of Greek architectural examples, seen through the medium of etchings and engravings, gave a new impetus to neoclassicism, the Greek Revival. There was little to no direct knowledge of Greek civilization before the middle of the 18th century in Western Europe, when an expedition funded by ...
What was the first Greek building in England?
{ "text": [ "garden temple at Hagley Hall (1758–59)" ], "answer_start": [ 561 ] }
57298a8e1d0469140077951b
Neoclassical_architecture
Seen in its wider social context, Greek Revival architecture sounded a new note of sobriety and restraint in public buildings in Britain around 1800 as an assertion of nationalism attendant on the Act of Union, the Napoleonic Wars, and the clamour for political reform. It was to be William Wilkins's winning design for ...
Whose winning design for public competition began the dominance of Greek style architecture?
{ "text": [ "William Wilkins" ], "answer_start": [ 283 ] }
57298a8e1d0469140077951c
Neoclassical_architecture
Seen in its wider social context, Greek Revival architecture sounded a new note of sobriety and restraint in public buildings in Britain around 1800 as an assertion of nationalism attendant on the Act of Union, the Napoleonic Wars, and the clamour for political reform. It was to be William Wilkins's winning design for ...
What monument was created in 1818?
{ "text": [ "Burns Monument at Alloway" ], "answer_start": [ 952 ] }
57298a8e1d0469140077951d
Neoclassical_architecture
Seen in its wider social context, Greek Revival architecture sounded a new note of sobriety and restraint in public buildings in Britain around 1800 as an assertion of nationalism attendant on the Act of Union, the Napoleonic Wars, and the clamour for political reform. It was to be William Wilkins's winning design for ...
When was the General Post Office built?
{ "text": [ "1824–29" ], "answer_start": [ 622 ] }
57298a8e1d0469140077951e
Neoclassical_architecture
Seen in its wider social context, Greek Revival architecture sounded a new note of sobriety and restraint in public buildings in Britain around 1800 as an assertion of nationalism attendant on the Act of Union, the Napoleonic Wars, and the clamour for political reform. It was to be William Wilkins's winning design for ...
In what year was the British Museum built?
{ "text": [ "1823–48" ], "answer_start": [ 655 ] }
57298a8e1d0469140077951f
Neoclassical_architecture
Seen in its wider social context, Greek Revival architecture sounded a new note of sobriety and restraint in public buildings in Britain around 1800 as an assertion of nationalism attendant on the Act of Union, the Napoleonic Wars, and the clamour for political reform. It was to be William Wilkins's winning design for ...
When was the National Gallery constructed?
{ "text": [ "1832–38" ], "answer_start": [ 735 ] }
57298cc51d04691400779525
Neoclassical_architecture
At the same time the Empire style in France was a more grandiose wave of neoclassicism in architecture and the decorative arts. Mainly based on Imperial Roman styles, it originated in, and took its name from, the rule of Napoleon I in the First French Empire, where it was intended to idealize Napoleon's leadership and ...
How would the Empire style of France be characterized by comparison?
{ "text": [ "more grandiose" ], "answer_start": [ 50 ] }
57298cc51d04691400779526
Neoclassical_architecture
At the same time the Empire style in France was a more grandiose wave of neoclassicism in architecture and the decorative arts. Mainly based on Imperial Roman styles, it originated in, and took its name from, the rule of Napoleon I in the First French Empire, where it was intended to idealize Napoleon's leadership and ...
What was the origination of the Imperial Roman Style?
{ "text": [ "Napoleon I" ], "answer_start": [ 221 ] }
57298cc51d04691400779527
Neoclassical_architecture
At the same time the Empire style in France was a more grandiose wave of neoclassicism in architecture and the decorative arts. Mainly based on Imperial Roman styles, it originated in, and took its name from, the rule of Napoleon I in the First French Empire, where it was intended to idealize Napoleon's leadership and ...
What was the corresponding style to Empire in Britain?
{ "text": [ "Regency" ], "answer_start": [ 470 ] }
57298cc51d04691400779528
Neoclassical_architecture
At the same time the Empire style in France was a more grandiose wave of neoclassicism in architecture and the decorative arts. Mainly based on Imperial Roman styles, it originated in, and took its name from, the rule of Napoleon I in the First French Empire, where it was intended to idealize Napoleon's leadership and ...
In the US, the style during this time of Neoclassical Empire was known as what?
{ "text": [ "Federal style" ], "answer_start": [ 430 ] }
57298eb13f37b3190047848f
Neoclassical_architecture
High neoclassicism was an international movement. Though neoclassical architecture employed the same classical vocabulary as Late Baroque architecture, it tended to emphasize its planar qualities, rather than sculptural volumes. Projections and recessions and their effects of light and shade were more flat; sculptural ...
What other architecture style did neoclassical share similarities and vocabulary?
{ "text": [ "Late Baroque architecture" ], "answer_start": [ 125 ] }
57298eb13f37b31900478490
Neoclassical_architecture
High neoclassicism was an international movement. Though neoclassical architecture employed the same classical vocabulary as Late Baroque architecture, it tended to emphasize its planar qualities, rather than sculptural volumes. Projections and recessions and their effects of light and shade were more flat; sculptural ...
What qualities were more emphasized in neoclassical versus Baroque?
{ "text": [ "planar qualities, rather than sculptural volumes" ], "answer_start": [ 179 ] }
57298eb13f37b31900478491
Neoclassical_architecture
High neoclassicism was an international movement. Though neoclassical architecture employed the same classical vocabulary as Late Baroque architecture, it tended to emphasize its planar qualities, rather than sculptural volumes. Projections and recessions and their effects of light and shade were more flat; sculptural ...
In addition to being flatter, how were individual features handled with neoclasic?
{ "text": [ "isolated rather than interpenetrating" ], "answer_start": [ 451 ] }
57298eb13f37b31900478492
Neoclassical_architecture
High neoclassicism was an international movement. Though neoclassical architecture employed the same classical vocabulary as Late Baroque architecture, it tended to emphasize its planar qualities, rather than sculptural volumes. Projections and recessions and their effects of light and shade were more flat; sculptural ...
How broad was the reach of high neoclassicism?
{ "text": [ "international movement" ], "answer_start": [ 26 ] }
57298fe16aef051400154fd4
Neoclassical_architecture
Neoclassicism also influenced city planning; the ancient Romans had used a consolidated scheme for city planning for both defence and civil convenience, however, the roots of this scheme go back to even older civilizations. At its most basic, the grid system of streets, a central forum with city services, two main slig...
What ancient civilization utilized neoclassicism in city planning?
{ "text": [ "ancient Romans" ], "answer_start": [ 49 ] }
57298fe16aef051400154fd5
Neoclassical_architecture
Neoclassicism also influenced city planning; the ancient Romans had used a consolidated scheme for city planning for both defence and civil convenience, however, the roots of this scheme go back to even older civilizations. At its most basic, the grid system of streets, a central forum with city services, two main slig...
What basic civil planning system for streets is rooted in neoclassicism?
{ "text": [ "grid system" ], "answer_start": [ 247 ] }
57298fe16aef051400154fd6
Neoclassical_architecture
Neoclassicism also influenced city planning; the ancient Romans had used a consolidated scheme for city planning for both defence and civil convenience, however, the roots of this scheme go back to even older civilizations. At its most basic, the grid system of streets, a central forum with city services, two main slig...
What are 2 benefits of leveraging neoclassicism for civil planning?
{ "text": [ "very logical and orderly" ], "answer_start": [ 405 ] }
572990e16aef051400154fda
Neoclassical_architecture
From the middle of the 18th century, exploration and publication changed the course of British architecture towards a purer vision of the Ancient Greco-Roman ideal. James 'Athenian' Stuart's work The Antiquities of Athens and Other Monuments of Greece was very influential in this regard, as were Robert Wood's Palmyra a...
What direction did British architecture go in mid 18th century?
{ "text": [ "Ancient Greco-Roman ideal" ], "answer_start": [ 138 ] }
572990e16aef051400154fdb
Neoclassical_architecture
From the middle of the 18th century, exploration and publication changed the course of British architecture towards a purer vision of the Ancient Greco-Roman ideal. James 'Athenian' Stuart's work The Antiquities of Athens and Other Monuments of Greece was very influential in this regard, as were Robert Wood's Palmyra a...
What were Robert Wood's influential Greek monuments from mid 18th century?
{ "text": [ "Palmyra and Baalbec" ], "answer_start": [ 311 ] }
572990e16aef051400154fdc
Neoclassical_architecture
From the middle of the 18th century, exploration and publication changed the course of British architecture towards a purer vision of the Ancient Greco-Roman ideal. James 'Athenian' Stuart's work The Antiquities of Athens and Other Monuments of Greece was very influential in this regard, as were Robert Wood's Palmyra a...
Who began the revolution of Greek influenced architecture in Britain?
{ "text": [ "James 'Athenian' Stuart" ], "answer_start": [ 165 ] }
572990e16aef051400154fdd
Neoclassical_architecture
From the middle of the 18th century, exploration and publication changed the course of British architecture towards a purer vision of the Ancient Greco-Roman ideal. James 'Athenian' Stuart's work The Antiquities of Athens and Other Monuments of Greece was very influential in this regard, as were Robert Wood's Palmyra a...
What brothers were instrumental in this Greek movement of neoclassicism?
{ "text": [ "Adam Brothers" ], "answer_start": [ 544 ] }
5729922a1d0469140077954b
Neoclassical_architecture
In the early 20th century, the writings of Albert Richardson were responsible for a re-awakening of interest in pure neoclassical design. Vincent Harris (compare Harris's colonnaded and domed interior of Manchester Central Reference Library to the colonnaded and domed interior by John Carr and R R Duke), Bradshaw Gass ...
What author's 20th century writing caused interest in pure neoclassical design?
{ "text": [ "Albert Richardson" ], "answer_start": [ 43 ] }
5729922a1d0469140077954c
Neoclassical_architecture
In the early 20th century, the writings of Albert Richardson were responsible for a re-awakening of interest in pure neoclassical design. Vincent Harris (compare Harris's colonnaded and domed interior of Manchester Central Reference Library to the colonnaded and domed interior by John Carr and R R Duke), Bradshaw Gass ...
In what period did Percy Thomas design public building in neoclassical?
{ "text": [ "interwar period" ], "answer_start": [ 424 ] }
5729922a1d0469140077954d
Neoclassical_architecture
In the early 20th century, the writings of Albert Richardson were responsible for a re-awakening of interest in pure neoclassical design. Vincent Harris (compare Harris's colonnaded and domed interior of Manchester Central Reference Library to the colonnaded and domed interior by John Carr and R R Duke), Bradshaw Gass ...
Sir Edwin Lutyens' city planning in what city marked a shift in design?
{ "text": [ "New Delhi" ], "answer_start": [ 518 ] }
5729922a1d0469140077954e
Neoclassical_architecture
In the early 20th century, the writings of Albert Richardson were responsible for a re-awakening of interest in pure neoclassical design. Vincent Harris (compare Harris's colonnaded and domed interior of Manchester Central Reference Library to the colonnaded and domed interior by John Carr and R R Duke), Bradshaw Gass ...
What new design was trending after neoclassical?
{ "text": [ "Gothic Revival" ], "answer_start": [ 612 ] }
5729939d1d04691400779553
Neoclassical_architecture
The first phase of neoclassicism in France is expressed in the "Louis XVI style" of architects like Ange-Jacques Gabriel (Petit Trianon, 1762–68); the second phase, in the styles called Directoire and "Empire", might be characterized by Jean Chalgrin's severe astylar Arc de Triomphe (designed in 1806). In England the t...
What is the name of the first wave of neoclassicism in France?
{ "text": [ "Louis XVI style" ], "answer_start": [ 64 ] }
5729939d1d04691400779554
Neoclassical_architecture
The first phase of neoclassicism in France is expressed in the "Louis XVI style" of architects like Ange-Jacques Gabriel (Petit Trianon, 1762–68); the second phase, in the styles called Directoire and "Empire", might be characterized by Jean Chalgrin's severe astylar Arc de Triomphe (designed in 1806). In England the t...
France's second phase of neoclassic is known as what?
{ "text": [ "Directoire and \"Empire\"" ], "answer_start": [ 186 ] }
5729939d1d04691400779555
Neoclassical_architecture
The first phase of neoclassicism in France is expressed in the "Louis XVI style" of architects like Ange-Jacques Gabriel (Petit Trianon, 1762–68); the second phase, in the styles called Directoire and "Empire", might be characterized by Jean Chalgrin's severe astylar Arc de Triomphe (designed in 1806). In England the t...
What architect typifies the first style of neoclassical in England?
{ "text": [ "Robert Adam" ], "answer_start": [ 380 ] }
5729939d1d04691400779556
Neoclassical_architecture
The first phase of neoclassicism in France is expressed in the "Louis XVI style" of architects like Ange-Jacques Gabriel (Petit Trianon, 1762–68); the second phase, in the styles called Directoire and "Empire", might be characterized by Jean Chalgrin's severe astylar Arc de Triomphe (designed in 1806). In England the t...
Structure of whom characterize England's second phase of neoclassical?
{ "text": [ "Sir John Soane" ], "answer_start": [ 416 ] }
5729939d1d04691400779557
Neoclassical_architecture
The first phase of neoclassicism in France is expressed in the "Louis XVI style" of architects like Ange-Jacques Gabriel (Petit Trianon, 1762–68); the second phase, in the styles called Directoire and "Empire", might be characterized by Jean Chalgrin's severe astylar Arc de Triomphe (designed in 1806). In England the t...
Who styled the court in France for more modern design after 1771?
{ "text": [ "Marie Antoinette" ], "answer_start": [ 603 ] }
572994ff1d0469140077955e
Neoclassical_architecture
What little there was, started with Charles de Wailly's crypt in the church of St Leu-St Gilles (1773–80), and Claude Nicolas Ledoux's Barriere des Bonshommes (1785–89). First-hand evidence of Greek architecture was of very little importance to the French, due to the influence of Marc-Antoine Laugier's doctrines that s...
How concerned was France with Greek architecture?
{ "text": [ "Greek architecture was of very little importance to the French" ], "answer_start": [ 193 ] }
572994ff1d0469140077955f
Neoclassical_architecture
What little there was, started with Charles de Wailly's crypt in the church of St Leu-St Gilles (1773–80), and Claude Nicolas Ledoux's Barriere des Bonshommes (1785–89). First-hand evidence of Greek architecture was of very little importance to the French, due to the influence of Marc-Antoine Laugier's doctrines that s...
Who's influence brought about Greek revival in France?
{ "text": [ "Laboustre" ], "answer_start": [ 419 ] }
572994ff1d04691400779560
Neoclassical_architecture
What little there was, started with Charles de Wailly's crypt in the church of St Leu-St Gilles (1773–80), and Claude Nicolas Ledoux's Barriere des Bonshommes (1785–89). First-hand evidence of Greek architecture was of very little importance to the French, due to the influence of Marc-Antoine Laugier's doctrines that s...
In which wave of neoclassical was the greek revival in France?
{ "text": [ "second Empire" ], "answer_start": [ 447 ] }
572995f63f37b319004784ab
Neoclassical_architecture
The earliest examples of neoclassical architecture in Hungary may be found in Vác. In this town the triumphal arch and the neoclassical façade of the baroque Cathedral were designed by the French architect Isidor Marcellus Amandus Ganneval (Isidore Canevale) in the 1760s. Also the work of a French architect Charles Mor...
In what town is the oldest neoclassical architecture in Hungary?
{ "text": [ "Vác" ], "answer_start": [ 78 ] }
572995f63f37b319004784ac
Neoclassical_architecture
The earliest examples of neoclassical architecture in Hungary may be found in Vác. In this town the triumphal arch and the neoclassical façade of the baroque Cathedral were designed by the French architect Isidor Marcellus Amandus Ganneval (Isidore Canevale) in the 1760s. Also the work of a French architect Charles Mor...
What French architect designed important neoclassical structures in 1760s?
{ "text": [ "Isidor Marcellus Amandus Ganneval" ], "answer_start": [ 206 ] }
572995f63f37b319004784ad
Neoclassical_architecture
The earliest examples of neoclassical architecture in Hungary may be found in Vác. In this town the triumphal arch and the neoclassical façade of the baroque Cathedral were designed by the French architect Isidor Marcellus Amandus Ganneval (Isidore Canevale) in the 1760s. Also the work of a French architect Charles Mor...
Who designed the Esterhazy Palace?
{ "text": [ "Charles Moreau" ], "answer_start": [ 309 ] }
572995f63f37b319004784ae
Neoclassical_architecture
The earliest examples of neoclassical architecture in Hungary may be found in Vác. In this town the triumphal arch and the neoclassical façade of the baroque Cathedral were designed by the French architect Isidor Marcellus Amandus Ganneval (Isidore Canevale) in the 1760s. Also the work of a French architect Charles Mor...
Who is famous for Cathedral Eger and Esztergom?
{ "text": [ "József Hild" ], "answer_start": [ 504 ] }
572996c36aef051400154ffe
Neoclassical_architecture
Neoclassical architecture was introduced in Malta in the late 18th century, during the final years of Hospitaller rule. Early examples include the Bibliotheca (1786), the De Rohan Arch (1798) and the Hompesch Gate (1801). However, neoclassical architecture only became popular in Malta following the establishment of Bri...
When was Malta introduced to neoclassical architecture?
{ "text": [ "late 18th century" ], "answer_start": [ 57 ] }
572996c36aef051400154fff
Neoclassical_architecture
Neoclassical architecture was introduced in Malta in the late 18th century, during the final years of Hospitaller rule. Early examples include the Bibliotheca (1786), the De Rohan Arch (1798) and the Hompesch Gate (1801). However, neoclassical architecture only became popular in Malta following the establishment of Bri...
What was the ruler at the time of neoclassical introduction?
{ "text": [ "Hospitaller" ], "answer_start": [ 102 ] }
572996c36aef051400155000
Neoclassical_architecture
Neoclassical architecture was introduced in Malta in the late 18th century, during the final years of Hospitaller rule. Early examples include the Bibliotheca (1786), the De Rohan Arch (1798) and the Hompesch Gate (1801). However, neoclassical architecture only became popular in Malta following the establishment of Bri...
When was RNH Bighi built?
{ "text": [ "1832" ], "answer_start": [ 572 ] }
572996c36aef051400155001
Neoclassical_architecture
Neoclassical architecture was introduced in Malta in the late 18th century, during the final years of Hospitaller rule. Early examples include the Bibliotheca (1786), the De Rohan Arch (1798) and the Hompesch Gate (1801). However, neoclassical architecture only became popular in Malta following the establishment of Bri...
In what year did the St Paul's Pro-Cathedral get built?
{ "text": [ "1844" ], "answer_start": [ 604 ] }
572999673f37b319004784df
Neoclassical_architecture
As of the first decade of the 21st century, contemporary neoclassical architecture is usually classed under the umbrella term of New Classical Architecture. Sometimes it is also referred to as Neo-Historicism/Revivalism, Traditionalism or simply neoclassical architecture like the historical style. For sincere tradition...
In what are of architecture is neoclassical currently classed?
{ "text": [ "New Classical Architecture" ], "answer_start": [ 129 ] }
572999673f37b319004784e0
Neoclassical_architecture
As of the first decade of the 21st century, contemporary neoclassical architecture is usually classed under the umbrella term of New Classical Architecture. Sometimes it is also referred to as Neo-Historicism/Revivalism, Traditionalism or simply neoclassical architecture like the historical style. For sincere tradition...
What is the term for sincere traditional-style architecture that sticks to regional architecture?
{ "text": [ "Traditional Architecture" ], "answer_start": [ 418 ] }
572999673f37b319004784e1
Neoclassical_architecture
As of the first decade of the 21st century, contemporary neoclassical architecture is usually classed under the umbrella term of New Classical Architecture. Sometimes it is also referred to as Neo-Historicism/Revivalism, Traditionalism or simply neoclassical architecture like the historical style. For sincere tradition...
What is the award for major contributions to traditional of classical architecture in 21st century?
{ "text": [ "The Driehaus Architecture Prize" ], "answer_start": [ 475 ] }
572999673f37b319004784e2
Neoclassical_architecture
As of the first decade of the 21st century, contemporary neoclassical architecture is usually classed under the umbrella term of New Classical Architecture. Sometimes it is also referred to as Neo-Historicism/Revivalism, Traditionalism or simply neoclassical architecture like the historical style. For sincere tradition...
What is another name for New Classical Architecture?
{ "text": [ "Neo-Historicism/Revivalism, Traditionalism" ], "answer_start": [ 193 ] }
5729996c1d0469140077956f
Neoclassical_architecture
After a lull during the period of modern architectural dominance (roughly post-World War II until the mid-1980s), neoclassicism has seen somewhat of a resurgence. This rebirth can be traced to the movement of New Urbanism and postmodern architecture's embrace of classical elements as ironic, especially in light of the ...
When was the lull in neoclassical architecture?
{ "text": [ "roughly post-World War II until the mid-1980s" ], "answer_start": [ 66 ] }
5729996c1d04691400779570
Neoclassical_architecture
After a lull during the period of modern architectural dominance (roughly post-World War II until the mid-1980s), neoclassicism has seen somewhat of a resurgence. This rebirth can be traced to the movement of New Urbanism and postmodern architecture's embrace of classical elements as ironic, especially in light of the ...
What is the movement that caused resurgence of neoclassicism?
{ "text": [ "New Urbanism" ], "answer_start": [ 209 ] }
5729996c1d04691400779571
Neoclassical_architecture
After a lull during the period of modern architectural dominance (roughly post-World War II until the mid-1980s), neoclassicism has seen somewhat of a resurgence. This rebirth can be traced to the movement of New Urbanism and postmodern architecture's embrace of classical elements as ironic, especially in light of the ...
Many post modern designs feature classic elements in what way?
{ "text": [ "ironic" ], "answer_start": [ 285 ] }
5729996c1d04691400779572
Neoclassical_architecture
After a lull during the period of modern architectural dominance (roughly post-World War II until the mid-1980s), neoclassicism has seen somewhat of a resurgence. This rebirth can be traced to the movement of New Urbanism and postmodern architecture's embrace of classical elements as ironic, especially in light of the ...
What recent architect began to take elements of classicism seriously?
{ "text": [ "Thomas Gordon Smith" ], "answer_start": [ 424 ] }
57299b841d04691400779577
Neoclassical_architecture
In Britain a number of architects are active in the neoclassical style. Two new university Libraries, Quinlan Terry's Maitland Robinson Library at Downing College and ADAM Architecture's Sackler Library illustrate that the approach taken can range from the traditional, in the former case, to the unconventional, in the ...
Who has stirred controversy for development and design of Chelsea Barracks?
{ "text": [ "Prince Charles" ], "answer_start": [ 343 ] }
57299b841d04691400779578
Neoclassical_architecture
In Britain a number of architects are active in the neoclassical style. Two new university Libraries, Quinlan Terry's Maitland Robinson Library at Downing College and ADAM Architecture's Sackler Library illustrate that the approach taken can range from the traditional, in the former case, to the unconventional, in the ...
What family was funding the development of former Chelsea Barracks?
{ "text": [ "Qatari Royal family" ], "answer_start": [ 499 ] }
57299b841d04691400779579
Neoclassical_architecture
In Britain a number of architects are active in the neoclassical style. Two new university Libraries, Quinlan Terry's Maitland Robinson Library at Downing College and ADAM Architecture's Sackler Library illustrate that the approach taken can range from the traditional, in the former case, to the unconventional, in the ...
What new library illustrates the traditional style of neoclassicism?
{ "text": [ "Quinlan Terry's Maitland Robinson Library at Downing College" ], "answer_start": [ 102 ] }
57299b841d0469140077957a
Neoclassical_architecture
In Britain a number of architects are active in the neoclassical style. Two new university Libraries, Quinlan Terry's Maitland Robinson Library at Downing College and ADAM Architecture's Sackler Library illustrate that the approach taken can range from the traditional, in the former case, to the unconventional, in the ...
What is the name of the library that illustrates the unconventional style of neoclassical?
{ "text": [ "ADAM Architecture's Sackler Library" ], "answer_start": [ 167 ] }
57299b841d0469140077957b
Neoclassical_architecture
In Britain a number of architects are active in the neoclassical style. Two new university Libraries, Quinlan Terry's Maitland Robinson Library at Downing College and ADAM Architecture's Sackler Library illustrate that the approach taken can range from the traditional, in the former case, to the unconventional, in the ...
Is neoclassical design current in Britain?
{ "text": [ "a number of architects are active in the neoclassical" ], "answer_start": [ 11 ] }
572975a8af94a219006aa46d
Serbo-Croatian
South Slavic dialects historically formed a continuum. The turbulent history of the area, particularly due to expansion of the Ottoman Empire, resulted in a patchwork of dialectal and religious differences. Due to population migrations, Shtokavian became the most widespread in the western Balkans, intruding westwards i...
What were some of the names given to language during period of foreign control?
{ "text": [ "\"Slavic\", \"Illyrian\", or according to region, \"Bosnian\", \"Serbian\" and \"Croatian\"" ], "answer_start": [ 714 ] }
572975a8af94a219006aa46e
Serbo-Croatian
South Slavic dialects historically formed a continuum. The turbulent history of the area, particularly due to expansion of the Ottoman Empire, resulted in a patchwork of dialectal and religious differences. Due to population migrations, Shtokavian became the most widespread in the western Balkans, intruding westwards i...
What specific historical event caused a group of religious and verbal differences in South Slavic dialect?
{ "text": [ "expansion of the Ottoman Empire" ], "answer_start": [ 110 ] }
572975a8af94a219006aa46f
Serbo-Croatian
South Slavic dialects historically formed a continuum. The turbulent history of the area, particularly due to expansion of the Ottoman Empire, resulted in a patchwork of dialectal and religious differences. Due to population migrations, Shtokavian became the most widespread in the western Balkans, intruding westwards i...
Why was Shtokavian the most widespread culture in the western Balkans?
{ "text": [ "population migrations" ], "answer_start": [ 214 ] }
572976773f37b3190047843b
Serbo-Croatian
Serbo-Croatian was standardized in the mid-19th-century Vienna Literary Agreement by Croatian and Serbian writers and philologists, decades before a Yugoslav state was established. From the very beginning, there were slightly different literary Serbian and Croatian standards, although both were based on the same Shtoka...
What were both Serbian and Croation standards based on?
{ "text": [ "Shtokavian subdialect, Eastern Herzegovinian" ], "answer_start": [ 314 ] }
572976773f37b3190047843c
Serbo-Croatian
Serbo-Croatian was standardized in the mid-19th-century Vienna Literary Agreement by Croatian and Serbian writers and philologists, decades before a Yugoslav state was established. From the very beginning, there were slightly different literary Serbian and Croatian standards, although both were based on the same Shtoka...
Which language officially served the Kingdom of Yugoslavia?
{ "text": [ "Serbo-Croatian" ], "answer_start": [ 381 ] }
572976773f37b3190047843d
Serbo-Croatian
Serbo-Croatian was standardized in the mid-19th-century Vienna Literary Agreement by Croatian and Serbian writers and philologists, decades before a Yugoslav state was established. From the very beginning, there were slightly different literary Serbian and Croatian standards, although both were based on the same Shtoka...
What ethnic names does Serbo-Croatian associate with?
{ "text": [ "Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian, and sometimes Montenegrin and Bunjevac" ], "answer_start": [ 988 ] }
572976fd3f37b31900478451
Serbo-Croatian
Like other South Slavic languages, Serbo-Croatian has a simple phonology, with the common five-vowel system and twenty-five consonants. Its grammar evolved from Common Slavic, with complex inflection, preserving seven grammatical cases in nouns, pronouns, and adjectives. Verbs exhibit imperfective or perfective aspect,...
How many vowels does the Serbo-Croatian language have?
{ "text": [ "five" ], "answer_start": [ 90 ] }
572976fd3f37b31900478452
Serbo-Croatian
Like other South Slavic languages, Serbo-Croatian has a simple phonology, with the common five-vowel system and twenty-five consonants. Its grammar evolved from Common Slavic, with complex inflection, preserving seven grammatical cases in nouns, pronouns, and adjectives. Verbs exhibit imperfective or perfective aspect,...
How many consonants does the Serbo-Croatian language have?
{ "text": [ "twenty-five" ], "answer_start": [ 112 ] }
572976fd3f37b31900478453
Serbo-Croatian
Like other South Slavic languages, Serbo-Croatian has a simple phonology, with the common five-vowel system and twenty-five consonants. Its grammar evolved from Common Slavic, with complex inflection, preserving seven grammatical cases in nouns, pronouns, and adjectives. Verbs exhibit imperfective or perfective aspect,...
From where does Serbo-Croatian derive its grammar?
{ "text": [ "Common Slavic" ], "answer_start": [ 161 ] }
572976fd3f37b31900478454
Serbo-Croatian
Like other South Slavic languages, Serbo-Croatian has a simple phonology, with the common five-vowel system and twenty-five consonants. Its grammar evolved from Common Slavic, with complex inflection, preserving seven grammatical cases in nouns, pronouns, and adjectives. Verbs exhibit imperfective or perfective aspect,...
Which alphabets can be used to express the Serbo-Croatian language?
{ "text": [ "Serbian Cyrillic or Gaj's Latin" ], "answer_start": [ 485 ] }
572985b41d0469140077950b
Serbo-Croatian
Throughout the history of the South Slavs, the vernacular, literary, and written languages (e.g. Chakavian, Kajkavian, Shtokavian) of the various regions and ethnicities developed and diverged independently. Prior to the 19th century, they were collectively called "Illyric", "Slavic", "Slavonian", "Bosnian", "Dalmatian...
Did South Slav languages develop coherently or independently?
{ "text": [ "independently" ], "answer_start": [ 193 ] }
572985b41d0469140077950c
Serbo-Croatian
Throughout the history of the South Slavs, the vernacular, literary, and written languages (e.g. Chakavian, Kajkavian, Shtokavian) of the various regions and ethnicities developed and diverged independently. Prior to the 19th century, they were collectively called "Illyric", "Slavic", "Slavonian", "Bosnian", "Dalmatian...
What were the names given to the various dialects predating the 19th century?
{ "text": [ "\"Illyric\", \"Slavic\", \"Slavonian\", \"Bosnian\", \"Dalmatian\", \"Serbian\" or \"Croatian\"" ], "answer_start": [ 265 ] }
572985b41d0469140077950d
Serbo-Croatian
Throughout the history of the South Slavs, the vernacular, literary, and written languages (e.g. Chakavian, Kajkavian, Shtokavian) of the various regions and ethnicities developed and diverged independently. Prior to the 19th century, they were collectively called "Illyric", "Slavic", "Slavonian", "Bosnian", "Dalmatian...
Who first used the term Serbo-Croatian in 1824?
{ "text": [ "Jacob Grimm" ], "answer_start": [ 399 ] }
572985b41d0469140077950e
Serbo-Croatian
Throughout the history of the South Slavs, the vernacular, literary, and written languages (e.g. Chakavian, Kajkavian, Shtokavian) of the various regions and ethnicities developed and diverged independently. Prior to the 19th century, they were collectively called "Illyric", "Slavic", "Slavonian", "Bosnian", "Dalmatian...
For what reason is the term "Serbo-Croatian" controversial today?
{ "text": [ "prejudice that nation and language must match" ], "answer_start": [ 1525 ] }
57298de23f37b31900478487
Serbo-Croatian
In the mid-19th century, Serbian (led by self-taught writer and folklorist Vuk Stefanović Karadžić) and most Croatian writers and linguists (represented by the Illyrian movement and led by Ljudevit Gaj and Đuro Daničić), proposed the use of the most widespread dialect, Shtokavian, as the base for their common standard ...
Which dialect did writers and linguists of both Serbian and Croatian backgrounds wish to use as their common standard language?
{ "text": [ "Shtokavian" ], "answer_start": [ 270 ] }
57298de23f37b31900478488
Serbo-Croatian
In the mid-19th century, Serbian (led by self-taught writer and folklorist Vuk Stefanović Karadžić) and most Croatian writers and linguists (represented by the Illyrian movement and led by Ljudevit Gaj and Đuro Daničić), proposed the use of the most widespread dialect, Shtokavian, as the base for their common standard ...
Why was Shtokavian suggested as a common language base?
{ "text": [ "most widespread dialect" ], "answer_start": [ 245 ] }
57298de23f37b31900478489
Serbo-Croatian
In the mid-19th century, Serbian (led by self-taught writer and folklorist Vuk Stefanović Karadžić) and most Croatian writers and linguists (represented by the Illyrian movement and led by Ljudevit Gaj and Đuro Daničić), proposed the use of the most widespread dialect, Shtokavian, as the base for their common standard ...
What 1850 document formally declared the intent to create a unified standard?
{ "text": [ "Vienna Literary Agreement" ], "answer_start": [ 594 ] }
57298de23f37b3190047848a
Serbo-Croatian
In the mid-19th century, Serbian (led by self-taught writer and folklorist Vuk Stefanović Karadžić) and most Croatian writers and linguists (represented by the Illyrian movement and led by Ljudevit Gaj and Đuro Daničić), proposed the use of the most widespread dialect, Shtokavian, as the base for their common standard ...
After whose death in 1907 was the "Bosnian" name changed to "Serbo-Creation"?
{ "text": [ "administrator von Kállay" ], "answer_start": [ 1287 ] }
572994856aef051400154fe2
Serbo-Croatian
West European scientists judge the Yugoslav language policy as an exemplary one: although three-quarters of the population spoke one language, no single language was official on a federal level. Official languages were declared only at the level of constituent republics and provinces, and very generously: Vojvodina had...
What is the term used for books that lay out spelling rules?
{ "text": [ "pravopis" ], "answer_start": [ 1191 ] }
572994856aef051400154fe3
Serbo-Croatian
West European scientists judge the Yugoslav language policy as an exemplary one: although three-quarters of the population spoke one language, no single language was official on a federal level. Official languages were declared only at the level of constituent republics and provinces, and very generously: Vojvodina had...
Which language was that of 3/4 of the population?
{ "text": [ "Serbo-Croatian" ], "answer_start": [ 1336 ] }
572994856aef051400154fe4
Serbo-Croatian
West European scientists judge the Yugoslav language policy as an exemplary one: although three-quarters of the population spoke one language, no single language was official on a federal level. Official languages were declared only at the level of constituent republics and provinces, and very generously: Vojvodina had...
Of the two Serbo-Croatian variants, which had twice as many speakers as the other?
{ "text": [ "Serbian" ], "answer_start": [ 1496 ] }
57299518af94a219006aa533
Serbo-Croatian
Like most Slavic languages, there are mostly three genders for nouns: masculine, feminine, and neuter, a distinction which is still present even in the plural (unlike Russian and, in part, the Čakavian dialect). They also have two numbers: singular and plural. However, some consider there to be three numbers (paucal or...
What three noun genders does Serbo-Croatian have?
{ "text": [ "masculine, feminine, and neuter" ], "answer_start": [ 70 ] }
57299518af94a219006aa534
Serbo-Croatian
Like most Slavic languages, there are mostly three genders for nouns: masculine, feminine, and neuter, a distinction which is still present even in the plural (unlike Russian and, in part, the Čakavian dialect). They also have two numbers: singular and plural. However, some consider there to be three numbers (paucal or...
Where are adjectives properly placed in the Serbo-Croatian language?
{ "text": [ "in front of the noun they modify" ], "answer_start": [ 706 ] }
57299518af94a219006aa535
Serbo-Croatian
Like most Slavic languages, there are mostly three genders for nouns: masculine, feminine, and neuter, a distinction which is still present even in the plural (unlike Russian and, in part, the Čakavian dialect). They also have two numbers: singular and plural. However, some consider there to be three numbers (paucal or...
Which number in the Serbo-Croatian language is treated as an adjective?
{ "text": [ "one [jedan]" ], "answer_start": [ 643 ] }
572996166aef051400154ff2
Serbo-Croatian
Comparative and historical linguistics offers some clues for memorising the accent position: If one compares many standard Serbo-Croatian words to e.g. cognate Russian words, the accent in the Serbo-Croatian word will be one syllable before the one in the Russian word, with the rising tone. Historically, the rising ton...
What is the term used when shifing the acent to the next preceding syllable?
{ "text": [ "\"Neoshtokavian retraction\"" ], "answer_start": [ 409 ] }
572996166aef051400154ff3
Serbo-Croatian
Comparative and historical linguistics offers some clues for memorising the accent position: If one compares many standard Serbo-Croatian words to e.g. cognate Russian words, the accent in the Serbo-Croatian word will be one syllable before the one in the Russian word, with the rising tone. Historically, the rising ton...
Which dialects did not follow the Neoshtokavian retraction?
{ "text": [ "Chakavian, Kajkavian and the Old Shtokavian" ], "answer_start": [ 626 ] }
572996166aef051400154ff4
Serbo-Croatian
Comparative and historical linguistics offers some clues for memorising the accent position: If one compares many standard Serbo-Croatian words to e.g. cognate Russian words, the accent in the Serbo-Croatian word will be one syllable before the one in the Russian word, with the rising tone. Historically, the rising ton...
Where can one look for memorization clues concerning accent positions?
{ "text": [ "Comparative and historical linguistics" ], "answer_start": [ 0 ] }
572996956aef051400154ff8
Serbo-Croatian
The Croatian Latin alphabet (Gajica) followed suit shortly afterwards, when Ljudevit Gaj defined it as standard Latin with five extra letters that had diacritics, apparently borrowing much from Czech, but also from Polish, and inventing the unique digraphs "lj", "nj" and "dž". These digraphs are represented as "ļ, ń an...
Serbo-Croatian is the only Slavic language to use what two scripts together?
{ "text": [ "Latin and Cyrillic" ], "answer_start": [ 631 ] }
572996956aef051400154ff9
Serbo-Croatian
The Croatian Latin alphabet (Gajica) followed suit shortly afterwards, when Ljudevit Gaj defined it as standard Latin with five extra letters that had diacritics, apparently borrowing much from Czech, but also from Polish, and inventing the unique digraphs "lj", "nj" and "dž". These digraphs are represented as "ļ, ń an...
Which version, Latin or Cyrillic, is most commonly used?
{ "text": [ "Latin" ], "answer_start": [ 670 ] }
572996956aef051400154ffa
Serbo-Croatian
The Croatian Latin alphabet (Gajica) followed suit shortly afterwards, when Ljudevit Gaj defined it as standard Latin with five extra letters that had diacritics, apparently borrowing much from Czech, but also from Polish, and inventing the unique digraphs "lj", "nj" and "dž". These digraphs are represented as "ļ, ń an...
How many extra letters does the Croatian Latin alphabet have?
{ "text": [ "five" ], "answer_start": [ 123 ] }
572996e06aef051400155008
Serbo-Croatian
South Slavic historically formed a dialect continuum, i.e. each dialect has some similarities with the neighboring one, and differences grow with distance. However, migrations from the 16th to 18th centuries resulting from the spread of Ottoman Empire on the Balkans have caused large-scale population displacement that ...
Contrary to the 16th and 18th centuries, what caused migrations in the 20th century?
{ "text": [ "urbanization and wars" ], "answer_start": [ 432 ] }
572997743f37b319004784c7
Serbo-Croatian
The Serbo-Croatian dialects differ not only in the question word they are named after, but also heavily in phonology, accentuation and intonation, case endings and tense system (morphology) and basic vocabulary. In the past, Chakavian and Kajkavian dialects were spoken on a much larger territory, but have been replaced...
Which dialect covers more area than all other dialects combined?
{ "text": [ "Štokavian" ], "answer_start": [ 844 ] }
572997743f37b319004784c8
Serbo-Croatian
The Serbo-Croatian dialects differ not only in the question word they are named after, but also heavily in phonology, accentuation and intonation, case endings and tense system (morphology) and basic vocabulary. In the past, Chakavian and Kajkavian dialects were spoken on a much larger territory, but have been replaced...
What is morphology to a language?
{ "text": [ "tense system" ], "answer_start": [ 164 ] }
572997743f37b319004784c9
Serbo-Croatian
The Serbo-Croatian dialects differ not only in the question word they are named after, but also heavily in phonology, accentuation and intonation, case endings and tense system (morphology) and basic vocabulary. In the past, Chakavian and Kajkavian dialects were spoken on a much larger territory, but have been replaced...
What has caused Stokavian to become more widely spoken?
{ "text": [ "migrations caused by Ottoman Turkish conquest of the Balkans" ], "answer_start": [ 355 ] }
572998533f37b319004784cd
Serbo-Croatian
Enisa Kafadar argues that there is only one Serbo-Croatian language with several varieties. This has made possible to include all four varieties into a new grammar book. Daniel Bunčić concludes that it is a pluricentric language, with four standard variants spoken in Serbia, Croatia, Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovi...
How many standard variants of the Serbo-Croatian are spoken?
{ "text": [ "four" ], "answer_start": [ 235 ] }
572998533f37b319004784ce
Serbo-Croatian
Enisa Kafadar argues that there is only one Serbo-Croatian language with several varieties. This has made possible to include all four varieties into a new grammar book. Daniel Bunčić concludes that it is a pluricentric language, with four standard variants spoken in Serbia, Croatia, Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovi...
In which areas are the four standard Serbo-Croatian variants spoken?
{ "text": [ "Serbia, Croatia, Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina." ], "answer_start": [ 268 ] }
572998533f37b319004784cf
Serbo-Croatian
Enisa Kafadar argues that there is only one Serbo-Croatian language with several varieties. This has made possible to include all four varieties into a new grammar book. Daniel Bunčić concludes that it is a pluricentric language, with four standard variants spoken in Serbia, Croatia, Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovi...
Who concluded that Serbo-Croatian is a pluricentric language?
{ "text": [ "Daniel Bunčić" ], "answer_start": [ 170 ] }
572998533f37b319004784d0
Serbo-Croatian
Enisa Kafadar argues that there is only one Serbo-Croatian language with several varieties. This has made possible to include all four varieties into a new grammar book. Daniel Bunčić concludes that it is a pluricentric language, with four standard variants spoken in Serbia, Croatia, Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovi...
Who believes Serbo-Croatian is one language with multiple variants?
{ "text": [ "Enisa Kafadar" ], "answer_start": [ 0 ] }
572999813f37b319004784e7
Serbo-Croatian
The opinion of the majority of Croatian linguists[citation needed] is that there has never been a Serbo-Croatian language, but two different standard languages that overlapped sometime in the course of history. However, Croatian linguist Snježana Kordić has been leading an academic discussion on that issue in the Croat...
Is it the majority or minority opinion that two different standard languages existed and overlapped at some historical point?
{ "text": [ "majority" ], "answer_start": [ 19 ] }
572999813f37b319004784e8
Serbo-Croatian
The opinion of the majority of Croatian linguists[citation needed] is that there has never been a Serbo-Croatian language, but two different standard languages that overlapped sometime in the course of history. However, Croatian linguist Snježana Kordić has been leading an academic discussion on that issue in the Croat...
Who stated that the argument between pluricentric or dual standard classifications has been the "longest, most serious, and most acrid discussion in 21st century Croatian culture?"
{ "text": [ "Igor Mandić" ], "answer_start": [ 679 ] }
572999813f37b319004784e9
Serbo-Croatian
The opinion of the majority of Croatian linguists[citation needed] is that there has never been a Serbo-Croatian language, but two different standard languages that overlapped sometime in the course of history. However, Croatian linguist Snježana Kordić has been leading an academic discussion on that issue in the Croat...
Which Croatian linguist agrees with Igor Mandic and feels that Serbo-Croatian language is pluricentric?
{ "text": [ "Croatian linguist Snježana Kordić" ], "answer_start": [ 220 ] }
572a0b606aef0514001551fe
Serbo-Croatian
The topic of language for writers from Dalmatia and Dubrovnik prior to the 19th century made a distinction only between speakers of Italian or Slavic, since those were the two main groups that inhabited Dalmatian city-states at that time. Whether someone spoke Croatian or Serbian was not an important distinction then, ...
Which language groups lived in Dalmation city-states prior to the 19th century?
{ "text": [ "Italian or Slavic" ], "answer_start": [ 132 ] }