id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringlengths 3 59 | context stringlengths 151 3.71k | question stringlengths 12 217 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
572b4ab5111d821400f38e26 | Zinc | Brass, which is an alloy of copper and zinc, has been used since at least the 10th century BC in Judea and by the 7th century BC in Ancient Greece. Zinc metal was not produced on a large scale until the 12th century in India and was unknown to Europe until the end of the 16th century. The mines of Rajasthan have given ... | We have evidence of zinc production dating back to the 6th century thanks to what mine? | {
"text": [
"Rajasthan"
],
"answer_start": [
299
]
} |
572b4ab5111d821400f38e27 | Zinc | Brass, which is an alloy of copper and zinc, has been used since at least the 10th century BC in Judea and by the 7th century BC in Ancient Greece. Zinc metal was not produced on a large scale until the 12th century in India and was unknown to Europe until the end of the 16th century. The mines of Rajasthan have given ... | What early process was used to make zinc? | {
"text": [
"distillation process"
],
"answer_start": [
503
]
} |
572b4ab5111d821400f38e28 | Zinc | Brass, which is an alloy of copper and zinc, has been used since at least the 10th century BC in Judea and by the 7th century BC in Ancient Greece. Zinc metal was not produced on a large scale until the 12th century in India and was unknown to Europe until the end of the 16th century. The mines of Rajasthan have given ... | What were the names given to zinc by early alchemists? | {
"text": [
"\"philosopher's wool\" or \"white snow\""
],
"answer_start": [
611
]
} |
57296f966aef051400154ea2 | Zinc | The element was probably named by the alchemist Paracelsus after the German word Zinke (prong, tooth). German chemist Andreas Sigismund Marggraf is credited with discovering pure metallic zinc in 1746. Work by Luigi Galvani and Alessandro Volta uncovered the electrochemical properties of zinc by 1800. Corrosion-resista... | Who named the element zinc? | {
"text": [
"Paracelsus"
],
"answer_start": [
48
]
} |
57296f966aef051400154ea3 | Zinc | The element was probably named by the alchemist Paracelsus after the German word Zinke (prong, tooth). German chemist Andreas Sigismund Marggraf is credited with discovering pure metallic zinc in 1746. Work by Luigi Galvani and Alessandro Volta uncovered the electrochemical properties of zinc by 1800. Corrosion-resista... | What was zinc named after? | {
"text": [
"Zinke"
],
"answer_start": [
81
]
} |
57296f966aef051400154ea4 | Zinc | The element was probably named by the alchemist Paracelsus after the German word Zinke (prong, tooth). German chemist Andreas Sigismund Marggraf is credited with discovering pure metallic zinc in 1746. Work by Luigi Galvani and Alessandro Volta uncovered the electrochemical properties of zinc by 1800. Corrosion-resista... | Who is credited with discovering zinc? | {
"text": [
"Andreas Sigismund Marggraf"
],
"answer_start": [
118
]
} |
57296f966aef051400154ea5 | Zinc | The element was probably named by the alchemist Paracelsus after the German word Zinke (prong, tooth). German chemist Andreas Sigismund Marggraf is credited with discovering pure metallic zinc in 1746. Work by Luigi Galvani and Alessandro Volta uncovered the electrochemical properties of zinc by 1800. Corrosion-resista... | What two people discovered the electrochemical properties of zinc? | {
"text": [
"Luigi Galvani and Alessandro Volta"
],
"answer_start": [
210
]
} |
57296f966aef051400154ea6 | Zinc | The element was probably named by the alchemist Paracelsus after the German word Zinke (prong, tooth). German chemist Andreas Sigismund Marggraf is credited with discovering pure metallic zinc in 1746. Work by Luigi Galvani and Alessandro Volta uncovered the electrochemical properties of zinc by 1800. Corrosion-resista... | Where can you find zinc chloride? | {
"text": [
"deodorants"
],
"answer_start": [
629
]
} |
572b4ba5f75d5e190021fd6a | Zinc | The element was probably named by the alchemist Paracelsus after the German word Zinke (prong, tooth). German chemist Andreas Sigismund Marggraf is credited with discovering pure metallic zinc in 1746. Work by Luigi Galvani and Alessandro Volta uncovered the electrochemical properties of zinc by 1800. Corrosion-resista... | Who is credited as giving zinc its name? | {
"text": [
"Paracelsus"
],
"answer_start": [
48
]
} |
572b4ba5f75d5e190021fd6b | Zinc | The element was probably named by the alchemist Paracelsus after the German word Zinke (prong, tooth). German chemist Andreas Sigismund Marggraf is credited with discovering pure metallic zinc in 1746. Work by Luigi Galvani and Alessandro Volta uncovered the electrochemical properties of zinc by 1800. Corrosion-resista... | What does the name zinc or zinke mean? | {
"text": [
"(prong, tooth)"
],
"answer_start": [
87
]
} |
572b4ba5f75d5e190021fd6c | Zinc | The element was probably named by the alchemist Paracelsus after the German word Zinke (prong, tooth). German chemist Andreas Sigismund Marggraf is credited with discovering pure metallic zinc in 1746. Work by Luigi Galvani and Alessandro Volta uncovered the electrochemical properties of zinc by 1800. Corrosion-resista... | Who discovered pure metallic zinc? | {
"text": [
"Andreas Sigismund Marggraf"
],
"answer_start": [
118
]
} |
572b4ba5f75d5e190021fd6d | Zinc | The element was probably named by the alchemist Paracelsus after the German word Zinke (prong, tooth). German chemist Andreas Sigismund Marggraf is credited with discovering pure metallic zinc in 1746. Work by Luigi Galvani and Alessandro Volta uncovered the electrochemical properties of zinc by 1800. Corrosion-resista... | What is the most common use for zinc? | {
"text": [
"(hot-dip galvanizing"
],
"answer_start": [
344
]
} |
572b4ba5f75d5e190021fd6e | Zinc | The element was probably named by the alchemist Paracelsus after the German word Zinke (prong, tooth). German chemist Andreas Sigismund Marggraf is credited with discovering pure metallic zinc in 1746. Work by Luigi Galvani and Alessandro Volta uncovered the electrochemical properties of zinc by 1800. Corrosion-resista... | What is a common use for zinc chloride? | {
"text": [
"deodorants"
],
"answer_start": [
629
]
} |
5729701b1d04691400779453 | Zinc | Zinc is an essential mineral perceived by the public today as being of "exceptional biologic and public health importance", especially regarding prenatal and postnatal development. Zinc deficiency affects about two billion people in the developing world and is associated with many diseases. In children it causes growth... | How many people are affected by zinc deficiency? | {
"text": [
"two billion"
],
"answer_start": [
211
]
} |
5729701b1d04691400779454 | Zinc | Zinc is an essential mineral perceived by the public today as being of "exceptional biologic and public health importance", especially regarding prenatal and postnatal development. Zinc deficiency affects about two billion people in the developing world and is associated with many diseases. In children it causes growth... | What can consumption of excess zinc cause? | {
"text": [
"ataxia, lethargy and copper deficiency"
],
"answer_start": [
559
]
} |
5729701b1d04691400779455 | Zinc | Zinc is an essential mineral perceived by the public today as being of "exceptional biologic and public health importance", especially regarding prenatal and postnatal development. Zinc deficiency affects about two billion people in the developing world and is associated with many diseases. In children it causes growth... | Where can you find enzymes with a zinc atom in the reactive center? | {
"text": [
"biochemistry,"
],
"answer_start": [
467
]
} |
5729701b1d04691400779456 | Zinc | Zinc is an essential mineral perceived by the public today as being of "exceptional biologic and public health importance", especially regarding prenatal and postnatal development. Zinc deficiency affects about two billion people in the developing world and is associated with many diseases. In children it causes growth... | What can a lack of zinc cause in children? | {
"text": [
"growth retardation, delayed sexual maturation, infection susceptibility, and diarrhea"
],
"answer_start": [
314
]
} |
572b4ce0f75d5e190021fd7c | Zinc | Zinc is an essential mineral perceived by the public today as being of "exceptional biologic and public health importance", especially regarding prenatal and postnatal development. Zinc deficiency affects about two billion people in the developing world and is associated with many diseases. In children it causes growth... | What is extremely important to prenatal and postnatal development? | {
"text": [
"Zinc"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
572b4ce0f75d5e190021fd7d | Zinc | Zinc is an essential mineral perceived by the public today as being of "exceptional biologic and public health importance", especially regarding prenatal and postnatal development. Zinc deficiency affects about two billion people in the developing world and is associated with many diseases. In children it causes growth... | What can cause symptoms in children ranging from diarrhea to retarded growth? | {
"text": [
"Zinc deficiency"
],
"answer_start": [
181
]
} |
572b4ce0f75d5e190021fd7e | Zinc | Zinc is an essential mineral perceived by the public today as being of "exceptional biologic and public health importance", especially regarding prenatal and postnatal development. Zinc deficiency affects about two billion people in the developing world and is associated with many diseases. In children it causes growth... | In what substance can you find a zinc atom within its reactive center? | {
"text": [
"alcohol dehydrogenase"
],
"answer_start": [
489
]
} |
572b4ce0f75d5e190021fd7f | Zinc | Zinc is an essential mineral perceived by the public today as being of "exceptional biologic and public health importance", especially regarding prenatal and postnatal development. Zinc deficiency affects about two billion people in the developing world and is associated with many diseases. In children it causes growth... | What causes symptoms such as lethargy and copper deficiency? | {
"text": [
"excess zinc"
],
"answer_start": [
537
]
} |
572970803f37b319004783c5 | Zinc | Zinc is a bluish-white, lustrous, diamagnetic metal, though most common commercial grades of the metal have a dull finish. It is somewhat less dense than iron and has a hexagonal crystal structure, with a distorted form of hexagonal close packing, in which each atom has six nearest neighbors (at 265.9 pm) in its own pl... | What color is zinc? | {
"text": [
"bluish-white"
],
"answer_start": [
10
]
} |
572970803f37b319004783c6 | Zinc | Zinc is a bluish-white, lustrous, diamagnetic metal, though most common commercial grades of the metal have a dull finish. It is somewhat less dense than iron and has a hexagonal crystal structure, with a distorted form of hexagonal close packing, in which each atom has six nearest neighbors (at 265.9 pm) in its own pl... | Is iron more dense than zinc? | {
"text": [
"It is somewhat less dense than iron"
],
"answer_start": [
123
]
} |
572970803f37b319004783c7 | Zinc | Zinc is a bluish-white, lustrous, diamagnetic metal, though most common commercial grades of the metal have a dull finish. It is somewhat less dense than iron and has a hexagonal crystal structure, with a distorted form of hexagonal close packing, in which each atom has six nearest neighbors (at 265.9 pm) in its own pl... | At what temperature does the metal become malleable? | {
"text": [
"100 and 150 °C"
],
"answer_start": [
455
]
} |
572970803f37b319004783c8 | Zinc | Zinc is a bluish-white, lustrous, diamagnetic metal, though most common commercial grades of the metal have a dull finish. It is somewhat less dense than iron and has a hexagonal crystal structure, with a distorted form of hexagonal close packing, in which each atom has six nearest neighbors (at 265.9 pm) in its own pl... | At what temperature to zinc become brittle? | {
"text": [
"210 °C"
],
"answer_start": [
477
]
} |
572970803f37b319004783c9 | Zinc | Zinc is a bluish-white, lustrous, diamagnetic metal, though most common commercial grades of the metal have a dull finish. It is somewhat less dense than iron and has a hexagonal crystal structure, with a distorted form of hexagonal close packing, in which each atom has six nearest neighbors (at 265.9 pm) in its own pl... | What is the boiling point of zinc? | {
"text": [
"907 °C"
],
"answer_start": [
668
]
} |
572b4db9111d821400f38e3e | Zinc | Zinc is a bluish-white, lustrous, diamagnetic metal, though most common commercial grades of the metal have a dull finish. It is somewhat less dense than iron and has a hexagonal crystal structure, with a distorted form of hexagonal close packing, in which each atom has six nearest neighbors (at 265.9 pm) in its own pl... | In it's pre commercial state, what color is zinc? | {
"text": [
"bluish-white"
],
"answer_start": [
10
]
} |
572b4db9111d821400f38e3f | Zinc | Zinc is a bluish-white, lustrous, diamagnetic metal, though most common commercial grades of the metal have a dull finish. It is somewhat less dense than iron and has a hexagonal crystal structure, with a distorted form of hexagonal close packing, in which each atom has six nearest neighbors (at 265.9 pm) in its own pl... | What is the crystalline structure of sync? | {
"text": [
"hexagonal"
],
"answer_start": [
169
]
} |
572b4db9111d821400f38e40 | Zinc | Zinc is a bluish-white, lustrous, diamagnetic metal, though most common commercial grades of the metal have a dull finish. It is somewhat less dense than iron and has a hexagonal crystal structure, with a distorted form of hexagonal close packing, in which each atom has six nearest neighbors (at 265.9 pm) in its own pl... | What happens to zinc when it is manipulated to the temperatures between 100 and 150 Celsius? | {
"text": [
"becomes malleable"
],
"answer_start": [
429
]
} |
572b4db9111d821400f38e41 | Zinc | Zinc is a bluish-white, lustrous, diamagnetic metal, though most common commercial grades of the metal have a dull finish. It is somewhat less dense than iron and has a hexagonal crystal structure, with a distorted form of hexagonal close packing, in which each atom has six nearest neighbors (at 265.9 pm) in its own pl... | At what temperature can zinc be pulverized? | {
"text": [
"210 °C"
],
"answer_start": [
477
]
} |
5729710a6aef051400154ece | Zinc | Several dozen radioisotopes have been characterized. 65Zn, which has a half-life of 243.66 days, is the most long-lived radioisotope, followed by 72Zn with a half-life of 46.5 hours. Zinc has 10 nuclear isomers. 69mZn has the longest half-life, 13.76 h. The superscript m indicates a metastable isotope. The nucleus of a... | How many radioisotopes of zinc have been discovered? | {
"text": [
"Several dozen"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
5729710a6aef051400154ecf | Zinc | Several dozen radioisotopes have been characterized. 65Zn, which has a half-life of 243.66 days, is the most long-lived radioisotope, followed by 72Zn with a half-life of 46.5 hours. Zinc has 10 nuclear isomers. 69mZn has the longest half-life, 13.76 h. The superscript m indicates a metastable isotope. The nucleus of a... | What is the longest half life of the isotopes? | {
"text": [
"243.66"
],
"answer_start": [
84
]
} |
5729710a6aef051400154ed0 | Zinc | Several dozen radioisotopes have been characterized. 65Zn, which has a half-life of 243.66 days, is the most long-lived radioisotope, followed by 72Zn with a half-life of 46.5 hours. Zinc has 10 nuclear isomers. 69mZn has the longest half-life, 13.76 h. The superscript m indicates a metastable isotope. The nucleus of a... | What does the superscript m represent? | {
"text": [
"metastable isotope"
],
"answer_start": [
284
]
} |
5729710a6aef051400154ed1 | Zinc | Several dozen radioisotopes have been characterized. 65Zn, which has a half-life of 243.66 days, is the most long-lived radioisotope, followed by 72Zn with a half-life of 46.5 hours. Zinc has 10 nuclear isomers. 69mZn has the longest half-life, 13.76 h. The superscript m indicates a metastable isotope. The nucleus of a... | How many excited states does 61Zn have? | {
"text": [
"three"
],
"answer_start": [
457
]
} |
5729710a6aef051400154ed2 | Zinc | Several dozen radioisotopes have been characterized. 65Zn, which has a half-life of 243.66 days, is the most long-lived radioisotope, followed by 72Zn with a half-life of 46.5 hours. Zinc has 10 nuclear isomers. 69mZn has the longest half-life, 13.76 h. The superscript m indicates a metastable isotope. The nucleus of a... | How many excited states does 73Zn have? | {
"text": [
"two"
],
"answer_start": [
491
]
} |
572b5109111d821400f38e5a | Zinc | Several dozen radioisotopes have been characterized. 65Zn, which has a half-life of 243.66 days, is the most long-lived radioisotope, followed by 72Zn with a half-life of 46.5 hours. Zinc has 10 nuclear isomers. 69mZn has the longest half-life, 13.76 h. The superscript m indicates a metastable isotope. The nucleus of a... | What is the most long lived radio isotope? | {
"text": [
"65Zn"
],
"answer_start": [
53
]
} |
572b5109111d821400f38e5b | Zinc | Several dozen radioisotopes have been characterized. 65Zn, which has a half-life of 243.66 days, is the most long-lived radioisotope, followed by 72Zn with a half-life of 46.5 hours. Zinc has 10 nuclear isomers. 69mZn has the longest half-life, 13.76 h. The superscript m indicates a metastable isotope. The nucleus of a... | What is the half life of 72Zn? | {
"text": [
"46.5 hours"
],
"answer_start": [
171
]
} |
572b5109111d821400f38e5c | Zinc | Several dozen radioisotopes have been characterized. 65Zn, which has a half-life of 243.66 days, is the most long-lived radioisotope, followed by 72Zn with a half-life of 46.5 hours. Zinc has 10 nuclear isomers. 69mZn has the longest half-life, 13.76 h. The superscript m indicates a metastable isotope. The nucleus of a... | How many nuclear isomers does zinc have? | {
"text": [
"10"
],
"answer_start": [
192
]
} |
572b5109111d821400f38e5d | Zinc | Several dozen radioisotopes have been characterized. 65Zn, which has a half-life of 243.66 days, is the most long-lived radioisotope, followed by 72Zn with a half-life of 46.5 hours. Zinc has 10 nuclear isomers. 69mZn has the longest half-life, 13.76 h. The superscript m indicates a metastable isotope. The nucleus of a... | What does the superscript "m" indicate? | {
"text": [
"metastable isotope"
],
"answer_start": [
284
]
} |
572b5109111d821400f38e5e | Zinc | Several dozen radioisotopes have been characterized. 65Zn, which has a half-life of 243.66 days, is the most long-lived radioisotope, followed by 72Zn with a half-life of 46.5 hours. Zinc has 10 nuclear isomers. 69mZn has the longest half-life, 13.76 h. The superscript m indicates a metastable isotope. The nucleus of a... | What does a metastable isotope do to return to ground state from an excited state? | {
"text": [
"emitting a photon in the form of a gamma ray"
],
"answer_start": [
402
]
} |
5729717d6aef051400154ed8 | Zinc | The chemistry of zinc is dominated by the +2 oxidation state. When compounds in this oxidation state are formed the outer shell s electrons are lost, which yields a bare zinc ion with the electronic configuration [Ar]3d10. In aqueous solution an octahedral complex, [Zn(H 2O)6]2+ is the predominant species. The volatili... | What oxidation state dominates zinc? | {
"text": [
"+2"
],
"answer_start": [
42
]
} |
5729717d6aef051400154eda | Zinc | The chemistry of zinc is dominated by the +2 oxidation state. When compounds in this oxidation state are formed the outer shell s electrons are lost, which yields a bare zinc ion with the electronic configuration [Ar]3d10. In aqueous solution an octahedral complex, [Zn(H 2O)6]2+ is the predominant species. The volatili... | what are the only two oxidation states known for zinc? | {
"text": [
"+1 or +2"
],
"answer_start": [
530
]
} |
572b520df75d5e190021fd84 | Zinc | The chemistry of zinc is dominated by the +2 oxidation state. When compounds in this oxidation state are formed the outer shell s electrons are lost, which yields a bare zinc ion with the electronic configuration [Ar]3d10. In aqueous solution an octahedral complex, [Zn(H 2O)6]2+ is the predominant species. The volatili... | What oxidation state dominates the chemistry of zinc? | {
"text": [
"+2"
],
"answer_start": [
42
]
} |
572b520df75d5e190021fd87 | Zinc | The chemistry of zinc is dominated by the +2 oxidation state. When compounds in this oxidation state are formed the outer shell s electrons are lost, which yields a bare zinc ion with the electronic configuration [Ar]3d10. In aqueous solution an octahedral complex, [Zn(H 2O)6]2+ is the predominant species. The volatili... | What are the only two oxidation states known for zinc compounds? | {
"text": [
"+1 or +2"
],
"answer_start": [
530
]
} |
572b5334111d821400f38e64 | Zinc | Zinc chemistry is similar to the chemistry of the late first-row transition metals nickel and copper, though it has a filled d-shell, so its compounds are diamagnetic and mostly colorless. The ionic radii of zinc and magnesium happen to be nearly identical. Because of this some of their salts have the same crystal stru... | Because zinc has a filled d-shell, its compounds are usually what? | {
"text": [
"diamagnetic and mostly colorless."
],
"answer_start": [
155
]
} |
572b5334111d821400f38e65 | Zinc | Zinc chemistry is similar to the chemistry of the late first-row transition metals nickel and copper, though it has a filled d-shell, so its compounds are diamagnetic and mostly colorless. The ionic radii of zinc and magnesium happen to be nearly identical. Because of this some of their salts have the same crystal stru... | The ionic radii of what two elements are almost identical? | {
"text": [
"zinc and magnesium"
],
"answer_start": [
208
]
} |
572b5334111d821400f38e66 | Zinc | Zinc chemistry is similar to the chemistry of the late first-row transition metals nickel and copper, though it has a filled d-shell, so its compounds are diamagnetic and mostly colorless. The ionic radii of zinc and magnesium happen to be nearly identical. Because of this some of their salts have the same crystal stru... | What is the determining factor where zinc and magnesium are very similar chemically? | {
"text": [
"ionic radius"
],
"answer_start": [
353
]
} |
572b5334111d821400f38e67 | Zinc | Zinc chemistry is similar to the chemistry of the late first-row transition metals nickel and copper, though it has a filled d-shell, so its compounds are diamagnetic and mostly colorless. The ionic radii of zinc and magnesium happen to be nearly identical. Because of this some of their salts have the same crystal stru... | Whit what donors does zinc form stable complexes? | {
"text": [
"N- and S-"
],
"answer_start": [
585
]
} |
572b5405be1ee31400cb832b | Zinc | Zinc(I) compounds are rare, and require bulky ligands to stabilize the low oxidation state. Most zinc(I) compounds contain formally the [Zn2]2+ core, which is analogous to the [Hg2]2+ dimeric cation present in mercury(I) compounds. The diamagnetic nature of the ion confirms its dimeric structure. The first zinc(I) comp... | What is necessary to stabilize the low oxidation state of zinc(l) compounds? | {
"text": [
"bulky ligands"
],
"answer_start": [
40
]
} |
572b5405be1ee31400cb832c | Zinc | Zinc(I) compounds are rare, and require bulky ligands to stabilize the low oxidation state. Most zinc(I) compounds contain formally the [Zn2]2+ core, which is analogous to the [Hg2]2+ dimeric cation present in mercury(I) compounds. The diamagnetic nature of the ion confirms its dimeric structure. The first zinc(I) comp... | What core do most zinc(l) compounds contain? | {
"text": [
"[Zn2]2+"
],
"answer_start": [
136
]
} |
572b5405be1ee31400cb832d | Zinc | Zinc(I) compounds are rare, and require bulky ligands to stabilize the low oxidation state. Most zinc(I) compounds contain formally the [Zn2]2+ core, which is analogous to the [Hg2]2+ dimeric cation present in mercury(I) compounds. The diamagnetic nature of the ion confirms its dimeric structure. The first zinc(I) comp... | What confirms the dimeric structure of the compound? | {
"text": [
"diamagnetic nature of the ion"
],
"answer_start": [
236
]
} |
572b5405be1ee31400cb832e | Zinc | Zinc(I) compounds are rare, and require bulky ligands to stabilize the low oxidation state. Most zinc(I) compounds contain formally the [Zn2]2+ core, which is analogous to the [Hg2]2+ dimeric cation present in mercury(I) compounds. The diamagnetic nature of the ion confirms its dimeric structure. The first zinc(I) comp... | When a solution of metallic zinc is cooled in molten ZnCl2, what is formed? | {
"text": [
"yellow glass"
],
"answer_start": [
505
]
} |
572b550a34ae481900dead8f | Zinc | Binary compounds of zinc are known for most of the metalloids and all the nonmetals except the noble gases. The oxide ZnO is a white powder that is nearly insoluble in neutral aqueous solutions, but is amphoteric, dissolving in both strong basic and acidic solutions. The other chalcogenides (ZnS, ZnSe, and ZnTe) have v... | What is not known for binary compounds of zinc? | {
"text": [
"noble gases"
],
"answer_start": [
95
]
} |
572b550a34ae481900dead90 | Zinc | Binary compounds of zinc are known for most of the metalloids and all the nonmetals except the noble gases. The oxide ZnO is a white powder that is nearly insoluble in neutral aqueous solutions, but is amphoteric, dissolving in both strong basic and acidic solutions. The other chalcogenides (ZnS, ZnSe, and ZnTe) have v... | ZnO can be dissolved in what kind of solutions? | {
"text": [
"strong basic and acidic solutions"
],
"answer_start": [
233
]
} |
572b550a34ae481900dead91 | Zinc | Binary compounds of zinc are known for most of the metalloids and all the nonmetals except the noble gases. The oxide ZnO is a white powder that is nearly insoluble in neutral aqueous solutions, but is amphoteric, dissolving in both strong basic and acidic solutions. The other chalcogenides (ZnS, ZnSe, and ZnTe) have v... | What applications do chalcogenides have? | {
"text": [
"electronics and optics."
],
"answer_start": [
342
]
} |
572b55d7be1ee31400cb8334 | Zinc | In weak basic solutions containing Zn2+ ions, the hydroxide Zn(OH) 2 forms as a white precipitate. In stronger alkaline solutions, this hydroxide is dissolved to form zincates ([Zn(OH)4]2−). The nitrate Zn(NO3) 2, chlorate Zn(ClO3) 2, sulfate ZnSO 4, phosphate Zn 3(PO4) 2, molybdate ZnMoO 4, cyanide Zn(CN) 2, arsenite ... | Zn(OH)2 is dissolved to form what in strong alkaline solutions? | {
"text": [
"zincates"
],
"answer_start": [
167
]
} |
572b56cd34ae481900dead99 | Zinc | The Charaka Samhita, thought to have been written between 300 and 500 AD, mentions a metal which, when oxidized, produces pushpanjan, thought to be zinc oxide. Zinc mines at Zawar, near Udaipur in India, have been active since the Mauryan period. The smelting of metallic zinc here, however, appears to have begun around... | Zinc oxide is believed to be mentioned in what ancient text? | {
"text": [
"The Charaka Samhita"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
572b56cd34ae481900dead9a | Zinc | The Charaka Samhita, thought to have been written between 300 and 500 AD, mentions a metal which, when oxidized, produces pushpanjan, thought to be zinc oxide. Zinc mines at Zawar, near Udaipur in India, have been active since the Mauryan period. The smelting of metallic zinc here, however, appears to have begun around... | Active zinc mines in India date back to what period? | {
"text": [
"Mauryan period"
],
"answer_start": [
231
]
} |
572b56cd34ae481900dead9b | Zinc | The Charaka Samhita, thought to have been written between 300 and 500 AD, mentions a metal which, when oxidized, produces pushpanjan, thought to be zinc oxide. Zinc mines at Zawar, near Udaipur in India, have been active since the Mauryan period. The smelting of metallic zinc here, however, appears to have begun around... | What process occurred around the 12th century? | {
"text": [
"smelting of metallic zinc"
],
"answer_start": [
251
]
} |
572b56cd34ae481900dead9c | Zinc | The Charaka Samhita, thought to have been written between 300 and 500 AD, mentions a metal which, when oxidized, produces pushpanjan, thought to be zinc oxide. Zinc mines at Zawar, near Udaipur in India, have been active since the Mauryan period. The smelting of metallic zinc here, however, appears to have begun around... | When was the Rasaratna Samuccaya written? | {
"text": [
"13th century AD,"
],
"answer_start": [
627
]
} |
572b56cd34ae481900dead9d | Zinc | The Charaka Samhita, thought to have been written between 300 and 500 AD, mentions a metal which, when oxidized, produces pushpanjan, thought to be zinc oxide. Zinc mines at Zawar, near Udaipur in India, have been active since the Mauryan period. The smelting of metallic zinc here, however, appears to have begun around... | What are the two uses of zinc ore mentioned in the Rasaratna Samuccaya? | {
"text": [
"metal extraction and another used for medicinal purposes"
],
"answer_start": [
701
]
} |
572b581a34ae481900deada9 | Zinc | The name of the metal was probably first documented by Paracelsus, a Swiss-born German alchemist, who referred to the metal as "zincum" or "zinken" in his book Liber Mineralium II, in the 16th century. The word is probably derived from the German zinke, and supposedly meant "tooth-like, pointed or jagged" (metallic zin... | Who is attributed as first documenting zinc? | {
"text": [
"Paracelsus"
],
"answer_start": [
55
]
} |
572b581a34ae481900deadaa | Zinc | The name of the metal was probably first documented by Paracelsus, a Swiss-born German alchemist, who referred to the metal as "zincum" or "zinken" in his book Liber Mineralium II, in the 16th century. The word is probably derived from the German zinke, and supposedly meant "tooth-like, pointed or jagged" (metallic zin... | Why would zinc possibly be derived from the German word zinke? | {
"text": [
"metallic zinc crystals have a needle-like appearance"
],
"answer_start": [
308
]
} |
572b581a34ae481900deadab | Zinc | The name of the metal was probably first documented by Paracelsus, a Swiss-born German alchemist, who referred to the metal as "zincum" or "zinken" in his book Liber Mineralium II, in the 16th century. The word is probably derived from the German zinke, and supposedly meant "tooth-like, pointed or jagged" (metallic zin... | Why is it possible that the name zinc could be derived from the German zinn? | {
"text": [
"imply \"tin-like\""
],
"answer_start": [
379
]
} |
572b581a34ae481900deadac | Zinc | The name of the metal was probably first documented by Paracelsus, a Swiss-born German alchemist, who referred to the metal as "zincum" or "zinken" in his book Liber Mineralium II, in the 16th century. The word is probably derived from the German zinke, and supposedly meant "tooth-like, pointed or jagged" (metallic zin... | What are some of the other terms for zinc? | {
"text": [
"Indian tin, tutanego, calamine, and spinter."
],
"answer_start": [
572
]
} |
572b5939f75d5e190021fd92 | Zinc | William Champion's brother, John, patented a process in 1758 for calcining zinc sulfide into an oxide usable in the retort process. Prior to this, only calamine could be used to produce zinc. In 1798, Johann Christian Ruberg improved on the smelting process by building the first horizontal retort smelter. Jean-Jacques ... | Who first patented the process that creates an oxide usable in the retort process? | {
"text": [
"William Champion's brother, John,"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
572b5939f75d5e190021fd93 | Zinc | William Champion's brother, John, patented a process in 1758 for calcining zinc sulfide into an oxide usable in the retort process. Prior to this, only calamine could be used to produce zinc. In 1798, Johann Christian Ruberg improved on the smelting process by building the first horizontal retort smelter. Jean-Jacques ... | Before John Champion, what was the only element used to produce zinc? | {
"text": [
"calamine"
],
"answer_start": [
152
]
} |
572b5939f75d5e190021fd94 | Zinc | William Champion's brother, John, patented a process in 1758 for calcining zinc sulfide into an oxide usable in the retort process. Prior to this, only calamine could be used to produce zinc. In 1798, Johann Christian Ruberg improved on the smelting process by building the first horizontal retort smelter. Jean-Jacques ... | Who built the first horizontal retort smelter? | {
"text": [
"Johann Christian Ruberg"
],
"answer_start": [
201
]
} |
572b5939f75d5e190021fd95 | Zinc | William Champion's brother, John, patented a process in 1758 for calcining zinc sulfide into an oxide usable in the retort process. Prior to this, only calamine could be used to produce zinc. In 1798, Johann Christian Ruberg improved on the smelting process by building the first horizontal retort smelter. Jean-Jacques ... | What did Galvani name the effect he created of causing the frogs legs to twitch? | {
"text": [
"animal electricity"
],
"answer_start": [
727
]
} |
572b5939f75d5e190021fd96 | Zinc | William Champion's brother, John, patented a process in 1758 for calcining zinc sulfide into an oxide usable in the retort process. Prior to this, only calamine could be used to produce zinc. In 1798, Johann Christian Ruberg improved on the smelting process by building the first horizontal retort smelter. Jean-Jacques ... | The discoveries made by Galvani lead to what three important things? | {
"text": [
"electrical batteries, galvanization and cathodic protection."
],
"answer_start": [
873
]
} |
572b5a02111d821400f38e72 | Zinc | Zinc metal is produced using extractive metallurgy. After grinding the ore, froth flotation, which selectively separates minerals from gangue by taking advantage of differences in their hydrophobicity, is used to get an ore concentrate. This concentrate consists of about 50% zinc with the rest being sulfur (32%), iron ... | What is used to produce the metal zinc? | {
"text": [
"extractive metallurgy."
],
"answer_start": [
29
]
} |
572b5a02111d821400f38e73 | Zinc | Zinc metal is produced using extractive metallurgy. After grinding the ore, froth flotation, which selectively separates minerals from gangue by taking advantage of differences in their hydrophobicity, is used to get an ore concentrate. This concentrate consists of about 50% zinc with the rest being sulfur (32%), iron ... | What is froth flotation used for? | {
"text": [
"get an ore concentrate"
],
"answer_start": [
213
]
} |
572b5a02111d821400f38e74 | Zinc | Zinc metal is produced using extractive metallurgy. After grinding the ore, froth flotation, which selectively separates minerals from gangue by taking advantage of differences in their hydrophobicity, is used to get an ore concentrate. This concentrate consists of about 50% zinc with the rest being sulfur (32%), iron ... | What is the first step in zinc metal production? | {
"text": [
"grinding the ore"
],
"answer_start": [
58
]
} |
572b5a02111d821400f38e75 | Zinc | Zinc metal is produced using extractive metallurgy. After grinding the ore, froth flotation, which selectively separates minerals from gangue by taking advantage of differences in their hydrophobicity, is used to get an ore concentrate. This concentrate consists of about 50% zinc with the rest being sulfur (32%), iron ... | What percentage of the ore concentrate is zinc? | {
"text": [
"50%"
],
"answer_start": [
272
]
} |
572b5afd34ae481900deadbd | Zinc | The production for sulfidic zinc ores produces large amounts of sulfur dioxide and cadmium vapor. Smelter slag and other residues of process also contain significant amounts of heavy metals. About 1.1 million tonnes of metallic zinc and 130 thousand tonnes of lead were mined and smelted in the Belgian towns of La Calam... | Large amounts of sulfur dioxide and cadmium vapor are produced due to what? | {
"text": [
"The production for sulfidic zinc ores"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
572b5afd34ae481900deadbe | Zinc | The production for sulfidic zinc ores produces large amounts of sulfur dioxide and cadmium vapor. Smelter slag and other residues of process also contain significant amounts of heavy metals. About 1.1 million tonnes of metallic zinc and 130 thousand tonnes of lead were mined and smelted in the Belgian towns of La Calam... | Smelter slag contains a significant amount of what? | {
"text": [
"heavy metals"
],
"answer_start": [
177
]
} |
572b5afd34ae481900deadbf | Zinc | The production for sulfidic zinc ores produces large amounts of sulfur dioxide and cadmium vapor. Smelter slag and other residues of process also contain significant amounts of heavy metals. About 1.1 million tonnes of metallic zinc and 130 thousand tonnes of lead were mined and smelted in the Belgian towns of La Calam... | Why does the Geul River contain heavy metals in a significant amount? | {
"text": [
"mining operations leach significant amounts of zinc and cadmium"
],
"answer_start": [
384
]
} |
572b5afd34ae481900deadc0 | Zinc | The production for sulfidic zinc ores produces large amounts of sulfur dioxide and cadmium vapor. Smelter slag and other residues of process also contain significant amounts of heavy metals. About 1.1 million tonnes of metallic zinc and 130 thousand tonnes of lead were mined and smelted in the Belgian towns of La Calam... | What is the ratio that anthropogenic and natural emissions occur at? | {
"text": [
"20 to 1"
],
"answer_start": [
971
]
} |
572b5bab34ae481900deadc5 | Zinc | Zinc is more reactive than iron or steel and thus will attract almost all local oxidation until it completely corrodes away. A protective surface layer of oxide and carbonate (Zn 5(OH) 6(CO 3) 2) forms as the zinc corrodes. This protection lasts even after the zinc layer is scratched but degrades through time as the zi... | What two compounds is zinc more reactive than? | {
"text": [
"iron or steel"
],
"answer_start": [
27
]
} |
572b5bab34ae481900deadc6 | Zinc | Zinc is more reactive than iron or steel and thus will attract almost all local oxidation until it completely corrodes away. A protective surface layer of oxide and carbonate (Zn 5(OH) 6(CO 3) 2) forms as the zinc corrodes. This protection lasts even after the zinc layer is scratched but degrades through time as the zi... | What forms as zinc corrodes? | {
"text": [
"protective surface layer of oxide and carbonate"
],
"answer_start": [
127
]
} |
572b5bab34ae481900deadc7 | Zinc | Zinc is more reactive than iron or steel and thus will attract almost all local oxidation until it completely corrodes away. A protective surface layer of oxide and carbonate (Zn 5(OH) 6(CO 3) 2) forms as the zinc corrodes. This protection lasts even after the zinc layer is scratched but degrades through time as the zi... | How is zinc applied? | {
"text": [
"electrochemically or as molten zinc"
],
"answer_start": [
358
]
} |
572b5bab34ae481900deadc8 | Zinc | Zinc is more reactive than iron or steel and thus will attract almost all local oxidation until it completely corrodes away. A protective surface layer of oxide and carbonate (Zn 5(OH) 6(CO 3) 2) forms as the zinc corrodes. This protection lasts even after the zinc layer is scratched but degrades through time as the zi... | What is used on many common items, such as chain link fences? | {
"text": [
"Galvanization"
],
"answer_start": [
430
]
} |
572b5c93111d821400f38e7a | Zinc | The relative reactivity of zinc and its ability to attract oxidation to itself makes it an efficient sacrificial anode in cathodic protection (CP). For example, cathodic protection of a buried pipeline can be achieved by connecting anodes made from zinc to the pipe. Zinc acts as the anode (negative terminus) by slowly ... | What makes zinc an efficient sacrificial anode? | {
"text": [
"relative reactivity of zinc and its ability to attract oxidation"
],
"answer_start": [
4
]
} |
572b5c93111d821400f38e7b | Zinc | The relative reactivity of zinc and its ability to attract oxidation to itself makes it an efficient sacrificial anode in cathodic protection (CP). For example, cathodic protection of a buried pipeline can be achieved by connecting anodes made from zinc to the pipe. Zinc acts as the anode (negative terminus) by slowly ... | Connecting anodes made from zinc to buried pipe creates what? | {
"text": [
"cathodic protection"
],
"answer_start": [
161
]
} |
572b5c93111d821400f38e7c | Zinc | The relative reactivity of zinc and its ability to attract oxidation to itself makes it an efficient sacrificial anode in cathodic protection (CP). For example, cathodic protection of a buried pipeline can be achieved by connecting anodes made from zinc to the pipe. Zinc acts as the anode (negative terminus) by slowly ... | What does attaching a zinc disc to a ships iron rudder do? | {
"text": [
"protect metals that are exposed to sea water from corrosion"
],
"answer_start": [
430
]
} |
572b5c93111d821400f38e7d | Zinc | The relative reactivity of zinc and its ability to attract oxidation to itself makes it an efficient sacrificial anode in cathodic protection (CP). For example, cathodic protection of a buried pipeline can be achieved by connecting anodes made from zinc to the pipe. Zinc acts as the anode (negative terminus) by slowly ... | Why does zinc protect metals exposed to sea water from corroding? | {
"text": [
"will slowly corrode, whereas the rudder stays unattacked"
],
"answer_start": [
536
]
} |
572b5d6634ae481900deadcd | Zinc | Other widely used alloys that contain zinc include nickel silver, typewriter metal, soft and aluminium solder, and commercial bronze. Zinc is also used in contemporary pipe organs as a substitute for the traditional lead/tin alloy in pipes. Alloys of 85–88% zinc, 4–10% copper, and 2–8% aluminium find limited use in cer... | What has zinc replaced in pipe organs? | {
"text": [
"lead/tin alloy"
],
"answer_start": [
216
]
} |
572b5d6634ae481900deadce | Zinc | Other widely used alloys that contain zinc include nickel silver, typewriter metal, soft and aluminium solder, and commercial bronze. Zinc is also used in contemporary pipe organs as a substitute for the traditional lead/tin alloy in pipes. Alloys of 85–88% zinc, 4–10% copper, and 2–8% aluminium find limited use in cer... | Zinc, copper and aluminum alloys have use in what part of machinery? | {
"text": [
"machine bearings"
],
"answer_start": [
334
]
} |
572b5d6634ae481900deadcf | Zinc | Other widely used alloys that contain zinc include nickel silver, typewriter metal, soft and aluminium solder, and commercial bronze. Zinc is also used in contemporary pipe organs as a substitute for the traditional lead/tin alloy in pipes. Alloys of 85–88% zinc, 4–10% copper, and 2–8% aluminium find limited use in cer... | Zinc in the main metal used in making which american currency? | {
"text": [
"one cent coins"
],
"answer_start": [
402
]
} |
572b5d6634ae481900deadd0 | Zinc | Other widely used alloys that contain zinc include nickel silver, typewriter metal, soft and aluminium solder, and commercial bronze. Zinc is also used in contemporary pipe organs as a substitute for the traditional lead/tin alloy in pipes. Alloys of 85–88% zinc, 4–10% copper, and 2–8% aluminium find limited use in cer... | What is zinc coated with to influence the look of pennies? | {
"text": [
"thin layer of copper"
],
"answer_start": [
460
]
} |
572b7b86be1ee31400cb83db | Zinc | Alloys of primarily zinc with small amounts of copper, aluminium, and magnesium are useful in die casting as well as spin casting, especially in the automotive, electrical, and hardware industries. These alloys are marketed under the name Zamak. An example of this is zinc aluminium. The low melting point together with ... | Aside from die casting, what are alloys of zinc mixed with copper, aluminium and magnesium used for? | {
"text": [
"spin casting"
],
"answer_start": [
117
]
} |
572b7b86be1ee31400cb83dc | Zinc | Alloys of primarily zinc with small amounts of copper, aluminium, and magnesium are useful in die casting as well as spin casting, especially in the automotive, electrical, and hardware industries. These alloys are marketed under the name Zamak. An example of this is zinc aluminium. The low melting point together with ... | Alloys of zinc mixed with copper, aluminium and magnesium are marketed as what? | {
"text": [
"Zamak"
],
"answer_start": [
239
]
} |
572b7b86be1ee31400cb83dd | Zinc | Alloys of primarily zinc with small amounts of copper, aluminium, and magnesium are useful in die casting as well as spin casting, especially in the automotive, electrical, and hardware industries. These alloys are marketed under the name Zamak. An example of this is zinc aluminium. The low melting point together with ... | What is possible to produce thanks to the low melting point and low viscosity of zinc aluminium alloy? | {
"text": [
"small and intricate shapes"
],
"answer_start": [
375
]
} |
572b7b86be1ee31400cb83de | Zinc | Alloys of primarily zinc with small amounts of copper, aluminium, and magnesium are useful in die casting as well as spin casting, especially in the automotive, electrical, and hardware industries. These alloys are marketed under the name Zamak. An example of this is zinc aluminium. The low melting point together with ... | What brand name of alloy is supposed to be as strong as steel while still being malleable as plastic? | {
"text": [
"Prestal"
],
"answer_start": [
570
]
} |
572b7b86be1ee31400cb83df | Zinc | Alloys of primarily zinc with small amounts of copper, aluminium, and magnesium are useful in die casting as well as spin casting, especially in the automotive, electrical, and hardware industries. These alloys are marketed under the name Zamak. An example of this is zinc aluminium. The low melting point together with ... | What is used to mold Prestal? | {
"text": [
"die casts made of ceramics and cement."
],
"answer_start": [
755
]
} |
572b7c55be1ee31400cb83e5 | Zinc | Similar alloys with the addition of a small amount of lead can be cold-rolled into sheets. An alloy of 96% zinc and 4% aluminium is used to make stamping dies for low production run applications for which ferrous metal dies would be too expensive. In building facades, roofs or other applications in which zinc is used a... | What can be done when small amounts of lead are added to alloys? | {
"text": [
"cold-rolled into sheets"
],
"answer_start": [
66
]
} |
572b7c55be1ee31400cb83e6 | Zinc | Similar alloys with the addition of a small amount of lead can be cold-rolled into sheets. An alloy of 96% zinc and 4% aluminium is used to make stamping dies for low production run applications for which ferrous metal dies would be too expensive. In building facades, roofs or other applications in which zinc is used a... | What is made with an alloy of 4% aluminium mixed with 96% zinc? | {
"text": [
"stamping dies"
],
"answer_start": [
145
]
} |
572b7c55be1ee31400cb83e7 | Zinc | Similar alloys with the addition of a small amount of lead can be cold-rolled into sheets. An alloy of 96% zinc and 4% aluminium is used to make stamping dies for low production run applications for which ferrous metal dies would be too expensive. In building facades, roofs or other applications in which zinc is used a... | Why are alloys used to make stamping dies rather than metal? | {
"text": [
"too expensive"
],
"answer_start": [
233
]
} |
572b7c55be1ee31400cb83e8 | Zinc | Similar alloys with the addition of a small amount of lead can be cold-rolled into sheets. An alloy of 96% zinc and 4% aluminium is used to make stamping dies for low production run applications for which ferrous metal dies would be too expensive. In building facades, roofs or other applications in which zinc is used a... | Why isn't unalloyed zinc used in construction applications? | {
"text": [
"too brittle"
],
"answer_start": [
462
]
} |
572b7d1b111d821400f38eb0 | Zinc | Roughly one quarter of all zinc output in the United States (2009), is consumed in the form of zinc compounds; a variety of which are used industrially. Zinc oxide is widely used as a white pigment in paints, and as a catalyst in the manufacture of rubber. It is also used as a heat disperser for the rubber and acts to ... | In what form is 1/4 of zinc used in the US? | {
"text": [
"zinc compounds"
],
"answer_start": [
95
]
} |
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