id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringlengths 3 59 | context stringlengths 151 3.71k | question stringlengths 12 217 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
56d5ca321c85041400946dd3 | Dog | A number of common human foods and household ingestibles are toxic to dogs, including chocolate solids (theobromine poisoning), onion and garlic (thiosulphate, sulfoxide or disulfide poisoning), grapes and raisins, macadamia nuts, xylitol, as well as various plants and other potentially ingested materials. The nicotine... | Grapes, raisins, onions, garlic and what common sugar alcohol (sweetener) is toxic to dogs? | {
"text": [
"xylitol"
],
"answer_start": [
231
]
} |
56d5ca321c85041400946dd4 | Dog | A number of common human foods and household ingestibles are toxic to dogs, including chocolate solids (theobromine poisoning), onion and garlic (thiosulphate, sulfoxide or disulfide poisoning), grapes and raisins, macadamia nuts, xylitol, as well as various plants and other potentially ingested materials. The nicotine... | What type of nut is poisonous to dogs? | {
"text": [
"macadamia"
],
"answer_start": [
215
]
} |
56d5ca321c85041400946dd5 | Dog | A number of common human foods and household ingestibles are toxic to dogs, including chocolate solids (theobromine poisoning), onion and garlic (thiosulphate, sulfoxide or disulfide poisoning), grapes and raisins, macadamia nuts, xylitol, as well as various plants and other potentially ingested materials. The nicotine... | What is the chemical in chocolate that is poisonous to dogs? | {
"text": [
"theobromine"
],
"answer_start": [
104
]
} |
56d9a199dc89441400fdb64e | Dog | A number of common human foods and household ingestibles are toxic to dogs, including chocolate solids (theobromine poisoning), onion and garlic (thiosulphate, sulfoxide or disulfide poisoning), grapes and raisins, macadamia nuts, xylitol, as well as various plants and other potentially ingested materials. The nicotine... | Some human foods can be what to dogs? | {
"text": [
"toxic"
],
"answer_start": [
61
]
} |
56d9a199dc89441400fdb64f | Dog | A number of common human foods and household ingestibles are toxic to dogs, including chocolate solids (theobromine poisoning), onion and garlic (thiosulphate, sulfoxide or disulfide poisoning), grapes and raisins, macadamia nuts, xylitol, as well as various plants and other potentially ingested materials. The nicotine... | What in tobacco can hurt dogs? | {
"text": [
"nicotine"
],
"answer_start": [
312
]
} |
56d9a199dc89441400fdb652 | Dog | A number of common human foods and household ingestibles are toxic to dogs, including chocolate solids (theobromine poisoning), onion and garlic (thiosulphate, sulfoxide or disulfide poisoning), grapes and raisins, macadamia nuts, xylitol, as well as various plants and other potentially ingested materials. The nicotine... | What form of chocolate is especially toxic to dogs? | {
"text": [
"dark"
],
"answer_start": [
890
]
} |
56d5cba21c85041400946dde | Dog | In 2013, a study found that mixed breeds live on average 1.2 years longer than pure breeds, and that increasing body-weight was negatively correlated with longevity (i.e. the heavier the dog the shorter its lifespan). | Mutts, dogs that have several breed characteristics, live how much longer than purebred dogs? | {
"text": [
"1.2 years"
],
"answer_start": [
57
]
} |
56d5cba21c85041400946ddf | Dog | In 2013, a study found that mixed breeds live on average 1.2 years longer than pure breeds, and that increasing body-weight was negatively correlated with longevity (i.e. the heavier the dog the shorter its lifespan). | Do bigger dogs typically have longer or shorter lives? | {
"text": [
"shorter"
],
"answer_start": [
195
]
} |
56d9a21edc89441400fdb65a | Dog | In 2013, a study found that mixed breeds live on average 1.2 years longer than pure breeds, and that increasing body-weight was negatively correlated with longevity (i.e. the heavier the dog the shorter its lifespan). | When was a study done that discovered mixed breeds tend to live longer than pure breeds? | {
"text": [
"2013"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
56d9a21edc89441400fdb65b | Dog | In 2013, a study found that mixed breeds live on average 1.2 years longer than pure breeds, and that increasing body-weight was negatively correlated with longevity (i.e. the heavier the dog the shorter its lifespan). | Typically, how much longer do mixed breeds live? | {
"text": [
"1.2 years longer"
],
"answer_start": [
57
]
} |
56d5cc661c85041400946de2 | Dog | The typical lifespan of dogs varies widely among breeds, but for most the median longevity, the age at which half the dogs in a population have died and half are still alive, ranges from 10 to 13 years. Individual dogs may live well beyond the median of their breed. | What is the median lifespan of canines? | {
"text": [
"10 to 13 years."
],
"answer_start": [
187
]
} |
56d5cd181c85041400946de4 | Dog | The breed with the shortest lifespan (among breeds for which there is a questionnaire survey with a reasonable sample size) is the Dogue de Bordeaux, with a median longevity of about 5.2 years, but several breeds, including Miniature Bull Terriers, Bloodhounds, and Irish Wolfhounds are nearly as short-lived, with media... | What is the canine breed with shortest median lifespan? | {
"text": [
"Dogue de Bordeaux"
],
"answer_start": [
131
]
} |
56d5cd181c85041400946de5 | Dog | The breed with the shortest lifespan (among breeds for which there is a questionnaire survey with a reasonable sample size) is the Dogue de Bordeaux, with a median longevity of about 5.2 years, but several breeds, including Miniature Bull Terriers, Bloodhounds, and Irish Wolfhounds are nearly as short-lived, with media... | What is the median length of life for the canine breed that lives the least amount of years? | {
"text": [
"5.2 years"
],
"answer_start": [
183
]
} |
56d5cd181c85041400946de6 | Dog | The breed with the shortest lifespan (among breeds for which there is a questionnaire survey with a reasonable sample size) is the Dogue de Bordeaux, with a median longevity of about 5.2 years, but several breeds, including Miniature Bull Terriers, Bloodhounds, and Irish Wolfhounds are nearly as short-lived, with media... | What is the average lifespan of an Irish Wolfhound? | {
"text": [
"6 to 7 years."
],
"answer_start": [
337
]
} |
56d9a294dc89441400fdb662 | Dog | The breed with the shortest lifespan (among breeds for which there is a questionnaire survey with a reasonable sample size) is the Dogue de Bordeaux, with a median longevity of about 5.2 years, but several breeds, including Miniature Bull Terriers, Bloodhounds, and Irish Wolfhounds are nearly as short-lived, with media... | Which dog has the shortest lifespan? | {
"text": [
"Dogue de Bordeaux"
],
"answer_start": [
131
]
} |
56d9a294dc89441400fdb663 | Dog | The breed with the shortest lifespan (among breeds for which there is a questionnaire survey with a reasonable sample size) is the Dogue de Bordeaux, with a median longevity of about 5.2 years, but several breeds, including Miniature Bull Terriers, Bloodhounds, and Irish Wolfhounds are nearly as short-lived, with media... | What is the average lifespan for a Dogue de Borddeaux? | {
"text": [
"5.2 years"
],
"answer_start": [
183
]
} |
56d5ceda1c85041400946dea | Dog | The longest-lived breeds, including Toy Poodles, Japanese Spitz, Border Terriers, and Tibetan Spaniels, have median longevities of 14 to 15 years. The median longevity of mixed-breed dogs, taken as an average of all sizes, is one or more years longer than that of purebred dogs when all breeds are averaged. The dog wide... | What is the average length of years of life for canines with long lifespans? | {
"text": [
"14 to 15 years."
],
"answer_start": [
131
]
} |
56d5ceda1c85041400946deb | Dog | The longest-lived breeds, including Toy Poodles, Japanese Spitz, Border Terriers, and Tibetan Spaniels, have median longevities of 14 to 15 years. The median longevity of mixed-breed dogs, taken as an average of all sizes, is one or more years longer than that of purebred dogs when all breeds are averaged. The dog wide... | What is the name of the canine that is reported to have lived the longest? | {
"text": [
"Bluey"
],
"answer_start": [
360
]
} |
56d5ceda1c85041400946dec | Dog | The longest-lived breeds, including Toy Poodles, Japanese Spitz, Border Terriers, and Tibetan Spaniels, have median longevities of 14 to 15 years. The median longevity of mixed-breed dogs, taken as an average of all sizes, is one or more years longer than that of purebred dogs when all breeds are averaged. The dog wide... | What is the name of the dog in the Guinness Book of World Records for longest lived? | {
"text": [
"Pusuke"
],
"answer_start": [
468
]
} |
56d5ceda1c85041400946dee | Dog | The longest-lived breeds, including Toy Poodles, Japanese Spitz, Border Terriers, and Tibetan Spaniels, have median longevities of 14 to 15 years. The median longevity of mixed-breed dogs, taken as an average of all sizes, is one or more years longer than that of purebred dogs when all breeds are averaged. The dog wide... | What year did the dog die that is reported to be the longest lived but not officially in a record book? | {
"text": [
"1939"
],
"answer_start": [
380
]
} |
56d9a315dc89441400fdb66d | Dog | The longest-lived breeds, including Toy Poodles, Japanese Spitz, Border Terriers, and Tibetan Spaniels, have median longevities of 14 to 15 years. The median longevity of mixed-breed dogs, taken as an average of all sizes, is one or more years longer than that of purebred dogs when all breeds are averaged. The dog wide... | What was the name of the dog who lived to be 29.5 years? | {
"text": [
"Bluey"
],
"answer_start": [
360
]
} |
56d9a315dc89441400fdb66e | Dog | The longest-lived breeds, including Toy Poodles, Japanese Spitz, Border Terriers, and Tibetan Spaniels, have median longevities of 14 to 15 years. The median longevity of mixed-breed dogs, taken as an average of all sizes, is one or more years longer than that of purebred dogs when all breeds are averaged. The dog wide... | When did Bluey die? | {
"text": [
"1939"
],
"answer_start": [
380
]
} |
56d9a315dc89441400fdb66f | Dog | The longest-lived breeds, including Toy Poodles, Japanese Spitz, Border Terriers, and Tibetan Spaniels, have median longevities of 14 to 15 years. The median longevity of mixed-breed dogs, taken as an average of all sizes, is one or more years longer than that of purebred dogs when all breeds are averaged. The dog wide... | Who did the Guinness Book of World Records say was the oldest dog in 2011? | {
"text": [
"Pusuke"
],
"answer_start": [
468
]
} |
56d5d0101c85041400946df5 | Dog | In domestic dogs, sexual maturity begins to happen around age six to twelve months for both males and females, although this can be delayed until up to two years old for some large breeds. This is the time at which female dogs will have their first estrous cycle. They will experience subsequent estrous cycles biannuall... | How many times per year do female dogs go into heat? | {
"text": [
"two"
],
"answer_start": [
152
]
} |
56d5d0101c85041400946df6 | Dog | In domestic dogs, sexual maturity begins to happen around age six to twelve months for both males and females, although this can be delayed until up to two years old for some large breeds. This is the time at which female dogs will have their first estrous cycle. They will experience subsequent estrous cycles biannuall... | What does going into heat (estrous) prepare a female dog for? | {
"text": [
"pregnancy."
],
"answer_start": [
358
]
} |
56d9a527dc89441400fdb681 | Dog | In domestic dogs, sexual maturity begins to happen around age six to twelve months for both males and females, although this can be delayed until up to two years old for some large breeds. This is the time at which female dogs will have their first estrous cycle. They will experience subsequent estrous cycles biannuall... | Some larger breeds could take how long to become sexually mature? | {
"text": [
"two years"
],
"answer_start": [
152
]
} |
56d9a527dc89441400fdb682 | Dog | In domestic dogs, sexual maturity begins to happen around age six to twelve months for both males and females, although this can be delayed until up to two years old for some large breeds. This is the time at which female dogs will have their first estrous cycle. They will experience subsequent estrous cycles biannuall... | What does a female dog experience at sexual maturity? | {
"text": [
"first estrous cycle"
],
"answer_start": [
243
]
} |
56d5d0cb1c85041400946dfe | Dog | Dogs bear their litters roughly 58 to 68 days after fertilization, with an average of 63 days, although the length of gestation can vary. An average litter consists of about six puppies, though this number may vary widely based on the breed of dog. In general, toy dogs produce from one to four puppies in each litter, w... | How long do female dogs carry before delivering puppies? | {
"text": [
"58 to 68 days"
],
"answer_start": [
32
]
} |
56d5d0cb1c85041400946dff | Dog | Dogs bear their litters roughly 58 to 68 days after fertilization, with an average of 63 days, although the length of gestation can vary. An average litter consists of about six puppies, though this number may vary widely based on the breed of dog. In general, toy dogs produce from one to four puppies in each litter, w... | What is the average length of dog pregnancy? | {
"text": [
"63 days"
],
"answer_start": [
86
]
} |
56d5d0cb1c85041400946e00 | Dog | Dogs bear their litters roughly 58 to 68 days after fertilization, with an average of 63 days, although the length of gestation can vary. An average litter consists of about six puppies, though this number may vary widely based on the breed of dog. In general, toy dogs produce from one to four puppies in each litter, w... | What is the average number of pups in a litter? | {
"text": [
"about six"
],
"answer_start": [
168
]
} |
56d5d0cb1c85041400946e02 | Dog | Dogs bear their litters roughly 58 to 68 days after fertilization, with an average of 63 days, although the length of gestation can vary. An average litter consists of about six puppies, though this number may vary widely based on the breed of dog. In general, toy dogs produce from one to four puppies in each litter, w... | For small dogs, what is the average number of pups in a litter? | {
"text": [
"one to four"
],
"answer_start": [
283
]
} |
56d9a582dc89441400fdb68a | Dog | Dogs bear their litters roughly 58 to 68 days after fertilization, with an average of 63 days, although the length of gestation can vary. An average litter consists of about six puppies, though this number may vary widely based on the breed of dog. In general, toy dogs produce from one to four puppies in each litter, w... | What is the average for a dog to bear her litter? | {
"text": [
"63 days"
],
"answer_start": [
86
]
} |
56d9a582dc89441400fdb68b | Dog | Dogs bear their litters roughly 58 to 68 days after fertilization, with an average of 63 days, although the length of gestation can vary. An average litter consists of about six puppies, though this number may vary widely based on the breed of dog. In general, toy dogs produce from one to four puppies in each litter, w... | What is the average number of pups per litter? | {
"text": [
"six"
],
"answer_start": [
174
]
} |
56d9a582dc89441400fdb68c | Dog | Dogs bear their litters roughly 58 to 68 days after fertilization, with an average of 63 days, although the length of gestation can vary. An average litter consists of about six puppies, though this number may vary widely based on the breed of dog. In general, toy dogs produce from one to four puppies in each litter, w... | Smaller dogs tend to have how many pups per litter? | {
"text": [
"one to four"
],
"answer_start": [
283
]
} |
56d5d6521c85041400946e16 | Dog | Neutering refers to the sterilization of animals, usually by removal of the male's testicles or the female's ovaries and uterus, in order to eliminate the ability to procreate and reduce sex drive. Because of the overpopulation of dogs in some countries, many animal control agencies, such as the American Society for th... | What is it called when an animal is altered to prevent procreation? | {
"text": [
"Neutering"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
56d5d6521c85041400946e18 | Dog | Neutering refers to the sterilization of animals, usually by removal of the male's testicles or the female's ovaries and uterus, in order to eliminate the ability to procreate and reduce sex drive. Because of the overpopulation of dogs in some countries, many animal control agencies, such as the American Society for th... | What is typically surgically removed on male dogs to prevent procreation? | {
"text": [
"testicles"
],
"answer_start": [
83
]
} |
56d5d6521c85041400946e19 | Dog | Neutering refers to the sterilization of animals, usually by removal of the male's testicles or the female's ovaries and uterus, in order to eliminate the ability to procreate and reduce sex drive. Because of the overpopulation of dogs in some countries, many animal control agencies, such as the American Society for th... | What is usually removed in female dogs to prevent pregnancy? | {
"text": [
"ovaries and uterus"
],
"answer_start": [
109
]
} |
56d9a7b5dc89441400fdb6b2 | Dog | Neutering refers to the sterilization of animals, usually by removal of the male's testicles or the female's ovaries and uterus, in order to eliminate the ability to procreate and reduce sex drive. Because of the overpopulation of dogs in some countries, many animal control agencies, such as the American Society for th... | In neutering, what is removed in a male dog? | {
"text": [
"testicles"
],
"answer_start": [
83
]
} |
56d9a7b5dc89441400fdb6b3 | Dog | Neutering refers to the sterilization of animals, usually by removal of the male's testicles or the female's ovaries and uterus, in order to eliminate the ability to procreate and reduce sex drive. Because of the overpopulation of dogs in some countries, many animal control agencies, such as the American Society for th... | In neutering, what is removed in female dogs? | {
"text": [
"ovaries and uterus"
],
"answer_start": [
109
]
} |
56d9a7b5dc89441400fdb6b4 | Dog | Neutering refers to the sterilization of animals, usually by removal of the male's testicles or the female's ovaries and uterus, in order to eliminate the ability to procreate and reduce sex drive. Because of the overpopulation of dogs in some countries, many animal control agencies, such as the American Society for th... | What does the ASPCA recommend for dogs who are not used for breeding purposes? | {
"text": [
"neutered"
],
"answer_start": [
425
]
} |
56d5d7fa1c85041400946e24 | Dog | Neutering reduces problems caused by hypersexuality, especially in male dogs. Spayed female dogs are less likely to develop some forms of cancer, affecting mammary glands, ovaries, and other reproductive organs. However, neutering increases the risk of urinary incontinence in female dogs, and prostate cancer in males, ... | Hypersexual behavior in male dogs is diminished by what? | {
"text": [
"Neutering"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
56d5d7fa1c85041400946e26 | Dog | Neutering reduces problems caused by hypersexuality, especially in male dogs. Spayed female dogs are less likely to develop some forms of cancer, affecting mammary glands, ovaries, and other reproductive organs. However, neutering increases the risk of urinary incontinence in female dogs, and prostate cancer in males, ... | According to the text, what is a possible side effect of neutering a female dog? | {
"text": [
"urinary incontinence"
],
"answer_start": [
253
]
} |
56d9a9e3dc89441400fdb6bc | Dog | Neutering reduces problems caused by hypersexuality, especially in male dogs. Spayed female dogs are less likely to develop some forms of cancer, affecting mammary glands, ovaries, and other reproductive organs. However, neutering increases the risk of urinary incontinence in female dogs, and prostate cancer in males, ... | Female dogs are less likely to develop cancer if what happens? | {
"text": [
"Spayed"
],
"answer_start": [
78
]
} |
56d9a9e3dc89441400fdb6bd | Dog | Neutering reduces problems caused by hypersexuality, especially in male dogs. Spayed female dogs are less likely to develop some forms of cancer, affecting mammary glands, ovaries, and other reproductive organs. However, neutering increases the risk of urinary incontinence in female dogs, and prostate cancer in males, ... | What is increased in female dogs with neutering? | {
"text": [
"urinary incontinence"
],
"answer_start": [
253
]
} |
56d9a9e3dc89441400fdb6be | Dog | Neutering reduces problems caused by hypersexuality, especially in male dogs. Spayed female dogs are less likely to develop some forms of cancer, affecting mammary glands, ovaries, and other reproductive organs. However, neutering increases the risk of urinary incontinence in female dogs, and prostate cancer in males, ... | What is increased in male dogs with neutering? | {
"text": [
"prostate cancer"
],
"answer_start": [
294
]
} |
56d5d92a1c85041400946e2c | Dog | Dog intelligence is the ability of the dog to perceive information and retain it as knowledge for applying to solve problems. Dogs have been shown to learn by inference. A study with Rico showed that he knew the labels of over 200 different items. He inferred the names of novel items by exclusion learning and correctly... | What is the name of the dog that could ID over 200 things? | {
"text": [
"Rico"
],
"answer_start": [
183
]
} |
56d5d92a1c85041400946e2d | Dog | Dog intelligence is the ability of the dog to perceive information and retain it as knowledge for applying to solve problems. Dogs have been shown to learn by inference. A study with Rico showed that he knew the labels of over 200 different items. He inferred the names of novel items by exclusion learning and correctly... | What is the name of the Border collie that knew over 1000 words? | {
"text": [
"Chaser"
],
"answer_start": [
517
]
} |
56d5d92a1c85041400946e2e | Dog | Dog intelligence is the ability of the dog to perceive information and retain it as knowledge for applying to solve problems. Dogs have been shown to learn by inference. A study with Rico showed that he knew the labels of over 200 different items. He inferred the names of novel items by exclusion learning and correctly... | In addition to interpreting body language and verbal commands dogs can also interpret what two other things? | {
"text": [
"gesturing and pointing"
],
"answer_start": [
685
]
} |
56d5d92a1c85041400946e2f | Dog | Dog intelligence is the ability of the dog to perceive information and retain it as knowledge for applying to solve problems. Dogs have been shown to learn by inference. A study with Rico showed that he knew the labels of over 200 different items. He inferred the names of novel items by exclusion learning and correctly... | What wild canine did better at a problem-solving experiment? | {
"text": [
"Australian dingos"
],
"answer_start": [
849
]
} |
56d5d92a1c85041400946e30 | Dog | Dog intelligence is the ability of the dog to perceive information and retain it as knowledge for applying to solve problems. Dogs have been shown to learn by inference. A study with Rico showed that he knew the labels of over 200 different items. He inferred the names of novel items by exclusion learning and correctly... | What is one thing, according to the text, that domesticated dogs use humans for? | {
"text": [
"to solve their problems for them."
],
"answer_start": [
1297
]
} |
56d9aa93dc89441400fdb6c2 | Dog | Dog intelligence is the ability of the dog to perceive information and retain it as knowledge for applying to solve problems. Dogs have been shown to learn by inference. A study with Rico showed that he knew the labels of over 200 different items. He inferred the names of novel items by exclusion learning and correctly... | Perceiving information and retaining it is what? | {
"text": [
"intelligence"
],
"answer_start": [
4
]
} |
56d9aa93dc89441400fdb6c3 | Dog | Dog intelligence is the ability of the dog to perceive information and retain it as knowledge for applying to solve problems. Dogs have been shown to learn by inference. A study with Rico showed that he knew the labels of over 200 different items. He inferred the names of novel items by exclusion learning and correctly... | How many labels does Rico the dog know? | {
"text": [
"over 200"
],
"answer_start": [
222
]
} |
56d9aa93dc89441400fdb6c4 | Dog | Dog intelligence is the ability of the dog to perceive information and retain it as knowledge for applying to solve problems. Dogs have been shown to learn by inference. A study with Rico showed that he knew the labels of over 200 different items. He inferred the names of novel items by exclusion learning and correctly... | What kind of memory skills do dogs have? | {
"text": [
"advanced"
],
"answer_start": [
416
]
} |
56d9aa93dc89441400fdb6c5 | Dog | Dog intelligence is the ability of the dog to perceive information and retain it as knowledge for applying to solve problems. Dogs have been shown to learn by inference. A study with Rico showed that he knew the labels of over 200 different items. He inferred the names of novel items by exclusion learning and correctly... | How many words did Chaser know? | {
"text": [
"over 1,000"
],
"answer_start": [
590
]
} |
56d5da871c85041400946e36 | Dog | Dog behavior is the internally coordinated responses (actions or inactions) of the domestic dog (individuals or groups) to internal and/or external stimuli. As the oldest domesticated species, with estimates ranging from 9,000–30,000 years BCE, the minds of dogs inevitably have been shaped by millennia of contact with ... | Dogs are estimated to be domesticated as far back as what date range of years on the calendar? | {
"text": [
"9,000–30,000 years BCE"
],
"answer_start": [
221
]
} |
56d5da871c85041400946e37 | Dog | Dog behavior is the internally coordinated responses (actions or inactions) of the domestic dog (individuals or groups) to internal and/or external stimuli. As the oldest domesticated species, with estimates ranging from 9,000–30,000 years BCE, the minds of dogs inevitably have been shaped by millennia of contact with ... | Dog minds have been shaped by thousands of years of contact with what species? | {
"text": [
"humans."
],
"answer_start": [
320
]
} |
56d5da871c85041400946e38 | Dog | Dog behavior is the internally coordinated responses (actions or inactions) of the domestic dog (individuals or groups) to internal and/or external stimuli. As the oldest domesticated species, with estimates ranging from 9,000–30,000 years BCE, the minds of dogs inevitably have been shaped by millennia of contact with ... | What do some dog skills parallel in human beings? | {
"text": [
"social-cognitive skills of human children"
],
"answer_start": [
826
]
} |
56d5da871c85041400946e39 | Dog | Dog behavior is the internally coordinated responses (actions or inactions) of the domestic dog (individuals or groups) to internal and/or external stimuli. As the oldest domesticated species, with estimates ranging from 9,000–30,000 years BCE, the minds of dogs inevitably have been shaped by millennia of contact with ... | Dogs are very well attuned to what other species' behaviors? | {
"text": [
"humans."
],
"answer_start": [
320
]
} |
56d5da871c85041400946e3a | Dog | Dog behavior is the internally coordinated responses (actions or inactions) of the domestic dog (individuals or groups) to internal and/or external stimuli. As the oldest domesticated species, with estimates ranging from 9,000–30,000 years BCE, the minds of dogs inevitably have been shaped by millennia of contact with ... | Dogs can understand and communicate with what other species? | {
"text": [
"humans."
],
"answer_start": [
320
]
} |
56d9b01bdc89441400fdb6cc | Dog | Dog behavior is the internally coordinated responses (actions or inactions) of the domestic dog (individuals or groups) to internal and/or external stimuli. As the oldest domesticated species, with estimates ranging from 9,000–30,000 years BCE, the minds of dogs inevitably have been shaped by millennia of contact with ... | What is a dog's responses to stimuli known as? | {
"text": [
"Dog behavior"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
56d9b01bdc89441400fdb6ce | Dog | Dog behavior is the internally coordinated responses (actions or inactions) of the domestic dog (individuals or groups) to internal and/or external stimuli. As the oldest domesticated species, with estimates ranging from 9,000–30,000 years BCE, the minds of dogs inevitably have been shaped by millennia of contact with ... | More than any other species, dogs are able to do what with people? | {
"text": [
"understand and communicate"
],
"answer_start": [
443
]
} |
56d9b01bdc89441400fdb6cf | Dog | Dog behavior is the internally coordinated responses (actions or inactions) of the domestic dog (individuals or groups) to internal and/or external stimuli. As the oldest domesticated species, with estimates ranging from 9,000–30,000 years BCE, the minds of dogs inevitably have been shaped by millennia of contact with ... | Dogs have some social skills that parallel what? | {
"text": [
"human children"
],
"answer_start": [
853
]
} |
56d5dcee1c85041400946e4a | Dog | Dog communication is about how dogs "speak" to each other, how they understand messages that humans send to them, and how humans can translate the ideas that dogs are trying to transmit.:xii These communication behaviors include eye gaze, facial expression, vocalization, body posture (including movements of bodies and ... | What is gustatory communication include in dogs? | {
"text": [
"scents, pheromones and taste"
],
"answer_start": [
356
]
} |
56d5dcee1c85041400946e4b | Dog | Dog communication is about how dogs "speak" to each other, how they understand messages that humans send to them, and how humans can translate the ideas that dogs are trying to transmit.:xii These communication behaviors include eye gaze, facial expression, vocalization, body posture (including movements of bodies and ... | People communicate with dogs by voice commands, body language or posture and what else? | {
"text": [
"hand signals"
],
"answer_start": [
439
]
} |
56d9b06edc89441400fdb6de | Dog | Dog communication is about how dogs "speak" to each other, how they understand messages that humans send to them, and how humans can translate the ideas that dogs are trying to transmit.:xii These communication behaviors include eye gaze, facial expression, vocalization, body posture (including movements of bodies and ... | Eye gaze, vocalization and body posture are examples of what? | {
"text": [
"Dog communication"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
56d9b06edc89441400fdb6df | Dog | Dog communication is about how dogs "speak" to each other, how they understand messages that humans send to them, and how humans can translate the ideas that dogs are trying to transmit.:xii These communication behaviors include eye gaze, facial expression, vocalization, body posture (including movements of bodies and ... | In addition to vocalization and body posture, how do people communicate with dogs? | {
"text": [
"hand signals"
],
"answer_start": [
439
]
} |
56d5debf1c85041400946e53 | Dog | Despite their close genetic relationship and the ability to inter-breed, there are a number of diagnostic features to distinguish the gray wolves from domestic dogs. Domesticated dogs are clearly distinguishable from wolves by starch gel electrophoresis of red blood cell acid phosphatase. The tympanic bullae are large,... | Which typically has thicker skin, dogs or wolves? | {
"text": [
"dogs."
],
"answer_start": [
160
]
} |
56d5debf1c85041400946e54 | Dog | Despite their close genetic relationship and the ability to inter-breed, there are a number of diagnostic features to distinguish the gray wolves from domestic dogs. Domesticated dogs are clearly distinguishable from wolves by starch gel electrophoresis of red blood cell acid phosphatase. The tympanic bullae are large,... | Dogs having ears that are not erect may be due to what? | {
"text": [
"atrophy of the jaw muscles."
],
"answer_start": [
1018
]
} |
56d9b374dc89441400fdb6e2 | Dog | Despite their close genetic relationship and the ability to inter-breed, there are a number of diagnostic features to distinguish the gray wolves from domestic dogs. Domesticated dogs are clearly distinguishable from wolves by starch gel electrophoresis of red blood cell acid phosphatase. The tympanic bullae are large,... | What kind of features differentiate gray wolves from dogs? | {
"text": [
"diagnostic features"
],
"answer_start": [
95
]
} |
56d9b374dc89441400fdb6e6 | Dog | Despite their close genetic relationship and the ability to inter-breed, there are a number of diagnostic features to distinguish the gray wolves from domestic dogs. Domesticated dogs are clearly distinguishable from wolves by starch gel electrophoresis of red blood cell acid phosphatase. The tympanic bullae are large,... | How often do female wolves enter estrus? | {
"text": [
"once a year."
],
"answer_start": [
911
]
} |
56d5f6b21c85041400946e64 | Dog | Unlike other domestic species which were primarily selected for production-related traits, dogs were initially selected for their behaviors. In 2016, a study found that there were only 11 fixed genes that showed variation between wolves and dogs. These gene variations were unlikely to have been the result of natural ev... | Instead of genetic traits for production, dogs are bred for what? | {
"text": [
"behaviors."
],
"answer_start": [
130
]
} |
56d5f6b21c85041400946e65 | Dog | Unlike other domestic species which were primarily selected for production-related traits, dogs were initially selected for their behaviors. In 2016, a study found that there were only 11 fixed genes that showed variation between wolves and dogs. These gene variations were unlikely to have been the result of natural ev... | How many "fixed" genes demonstrate the differences between the wolf and dog? | {
"text": [
"11"
],
"answer_start": [
185
]
} |
56d5f6b21c85041400946e66 | Dog | Unlike other domestic species which were primarily selected for production-related traits, dogs were initially selected for their behaviors. In 2016, a study found that there were only 11 fixed genes that showed variation between wolves and dogs. These gene variations were unlikely to have been the result of natural ev... | The gene differences indicate what two things done by selection in dogs during breeding for domestication? | {
"text": [
"morphology and behavior"
],
"answer_start": [
360
]
} |
56d5f6b21c85041400946e67 | Dog | Unlike other domestic species which were primarily selected for production-related traits, dogs were initially selected for their behaviors. In 2016, a study found that there were only 11 fixed genes that showed variation between wolves and dogs. These gene variations were unlikely to have been the result of natural ev... | What is the common trait selected for dogs in overall breeding? | {
"text": [
"tameness"
],
"answer_start": [
586
]
} |
56d5f6b21c85041400946e68 | Dog | Unlike other domestic species which were primarily selected for production-related traits, dogs were initially selected for their behaviors. In 2016, a study found that there were only 11 fixed genes that showed variation between wolves and dogs. These gene variations were unlikely to have been the result of natural ev... | What do most dogs show less of than wolves? | {
"text": [
"fear and aggression"
],
"answer_start": [
651
]
} |
56d9b439dc89441400fdb6f6 | Dog | Unlike other domestic species which were primarily selected for production-related traits, dogs were initially selected for their behaviors. In 2016, a study found that there were only 11 fixed genes that showed variation between wolves and dogs. These gene variations were unlikely to have been the result of natural ev... | Most domestic animals were selected for what traits? | {
"text": [
"production-related traits"
],
"answer_start": [
64
]
} |
56d9b439dc89441400fdb6f7 | Dog | Unlike other domestic species which were primarily selected for production-related traits, dogs were initially selected for their behaviors. In 2016, a study found that there were only 11 fixed genes that showed variation between wolves and dogs. These gene variations were unlikely to have been the result of natural ev... | Why were dogs initially selected? | {
"text": [
"for their behaviors."
],
"answer_start": [
120
]
} |
56d9b439dc89441400fdb6f8 | Dog | Unlike other domestic species which were primarily selected for production-related traits, dogs were initially selected for their behaviors. In 2016, a study found that there were only 11 fixed genes that showed variation between wolves and dogs. These gene variations were unlikely to have been the result of natural ev... | For wolves and dogs, how many fixed genes show a variation? | {
"text": [
"11"
],
"answer_start": [
185
]
} |
56d9b439dc89441400fdb6f9 | Dog | Unlike other domestic species which were primarily selected for production-related traits, dogs were initially selected for their behaviors. In 2016, a study found that there were only 11 fixed genes that showed variation between wolves and dogs. These gene variations were unlikely to have been the result of natural ev... | Dogs show less fear and what as opposed to wolves? | {
"text": [
"aggression"
],
"answer_start": [
660
]
} |
56d5f7181c85041400946e6e | Dog | The global dog population is estimated at 525 million:225 based on a transparent methodology, as opposed to other estimates where the methodology has not been made available – all dog population estimates are based on regional human population densities and land uses. | What is the larger count for numbers of dogs considered to populate the planet? | {
"text": [
"525 million"
],
"answer_start": [
42
]
} |
56d9b4b3dc89441400fdb704 | Dog | The global dog population is estimated at 525 million:225 based on a transparent methodology, as opposed to other estimates where the methodology has not been made available – all dog population estimates are based on regional human population densities and land uses. | How many dogs are estimated to be in the world? | {
"text": [
"525 million"
],
"answer_start": [
42
]
} |
56d9b4b3dc89441400fdb705 | Dog | The global dog population is estimated at 525 million:225 based on a transparent methodology, as opposed to other estimates where the methodology has not been made available – all dog population estimates are based on regional human population densities and land uses. | What are dog population estimates based on other than land uses? | {
"text": [
"human population densities"
],
"answer_start": [
227
]
} |
56d5f9181c85041400946e7a | Dog | Although large wild dogs, like wolves, are apex predators, they can be killed in territory disputes with wild animals. Furthermore, in areas where both dogs and other large predators live, dogs can be a major food source for big cats or canines. Reports from Croatia indicate wolves kill dogs more frequently than they k... | Like wolves, big domesticated dogs are considered what type of predator? | {
"text": [
"apex"
],
"answer_start": [
43
]
} |
56d5f9181c85041400946e7d | Dog | Although large wild dogs, like wolves, are apex predators, they can be killed in territory disputes with wild animals. Furthermore, in areas where both dogs and other large predators live, dogs can be a major food source for big cats or canines. Reports from Croatia indicate wolves kill dogs more frequently than they k... | Wolves may act in what behavioral manner when attacking dogs? | {
"text": [
"fearless"
],
"answer_start": [
671
]
} |
56d5f9181c85041400946e7e | Dog | Although large wild dogs, like wolves, are apex predators, they can be killed in territory disputes with wild animals. Furthermore, in areas where both dogs and other large predators live, dogs can be a major food source for big cats or canines. Reports from Croatia indicate wolves kill dogs more frequently than they k... | What animal is reported to be killed more often than sheep by wolves in Croatia? | {
"text": [
"dogs"
],
"answer_start": [
20
]
} |
56d9b5eddc89441400fdb71a | Dog | Although large wild dogs, like wolves, are apex predators, they can be killed in territory disputes with wild animals. Furthermore, in areas where both dogs and other large predators live, dogs can be a major food source for big cats or canines. Reports from Croatia indicate wolves kill dogs more frequently than they k... | Like wolves, what kind of predators are large dogs? | {
"text": [
"apex"
],
"answer_start": [
43
]
} |
56d9b5eddc89441400fdb71b | Dog | Although large wild dogs, like wolves, are apex predators, they can be killed in territory disputes with wild animals. Furthermore, in areas where both dogs and other large predators live, dogs can be a major food source for big cats or canines. Reports from Croatia indicate wolves kill dogs more frequently than they k... | Dogs die as a result of Croatian wolf encounters more than what kind of animal? | {
"text": [
"sheep"
],
"answer_start": [
324
]
} |
56d9b5eddc89441400fdb71c | Dog | Although large wild dogs, like wolves, are apex predators, they can be killed in territory disputes with wild animals. Furthermore, in areas where both dogs and other large predators live, dogs can be a major food source for big cats or canines. Reports from Croatia indicate wolves kill dogs more frequently than they k... | What limits the feral dog population in Russia? | {
"text": [
"Wolves"
],
"answer_start": [
331
]
} |
56d5fa0e1c85041400946e84 | Dog | Coyotes and big cats have also been known to attack dogs. Leopards in particular are known to have a predilection for dogs, and have been recorded to kill and consume them regardless of the dog's size or ferocity. Tigers in Manchuria, Indochina, Indonesia, and Malaysia are reputed to kill dogs with the same vigor as le... | What large cat has a particular taste for dogs no matter how big the dog is? | {
"text": [
"leopards."
],
"answer_start": [
318
]
} |
56d5fa0e1c85041400946e85 | Dog | Coyotes and big cats have also been known to attack dogs. Leopards in particular are known to have a predilection for dogs, and have been recorded to kill and consume them regardless of the dog's size or ferocity. Tigers in Manchuria, Indochina, Indonesia, and Malaysia are reputed to kill dogs with the same vigor as le... | What is a typical predator of dogs in places such as Turkmenistan? | {
"text": [
"Striped hyenas"
],
"answer_start": [
328
]
} |
56d5fa0e1c85041400946e86 | Dog | Coyotes and big cats have also been known to attack dogs. Leopards in particular are known to have a predilection for dogs, and have been recorded to kill and consume them regardless of the dog's size or ferocity. Tigers in Manchuria, Indochina, Indonesia, and Malaysia are reputed to kill dogs with the same vigor as le... | What two reptiles kill dogs and consume them? | {
"text": [
"alligators and pythons"
],
"answer_start": [
438
]
} |
56d9b69cdc89441400fdb726 | Dog | Coyotes and big cats have also been known to attack dogs. Leopards in particular are known to have a predilection for dogs, and have been recorded to kill and consume them regardless of the dog's size or ferocity. Tigers in Manchuria, Indochina, Indonesia, and Malaysia are reputed to kill dogs with the same vigor as le... | What big cat has a tendency to attack dogs? | {
"text": [
"Leopards"
],
"answer_start": [
58
]
} |
56d9b69cdc89441400fdb727 | Dog | Coyotes and big cats have also been known to attack dogs. Leopards in particular are known to have a predilection for dogs, and have been recorded to kill and consume them regardless of the dog's size or ferocity. Tigers in Manchuria, Indochina, Indonesia, and Malaysia are reputed to kill dogs with the same vigor as le... | What big cats in Indonesia also attack dogs? | {
"text": [
"Tigers"
],
"answer_start": [
214
]
} |
56d9b69cdc89441400fdb728 | Dog | Coyotes and big cats have also been known to attack dogs. Leopards in particular are known to have a predilection for dogs, and have been recorded to kill and consume them regardless of the dog's size or ferocity. Tigers in Manchuria, Indochina, Indonesia, and Malaysia are reputed to kill dogs with the same vigor as le... | What type of reptiles eat dogs? | {
"text": [
"alligators and pythons"
],
"answer_start": [
438
]
} |
56d9b69cdc89441400fdb729 | Dog | Coyotes and big cats have also been known to attack dogs. Leopards in particular are known to have a predilection for dogs, and have been recorded to kill and consume them regardless of the dog's size or ferocity. Tigers in Manchuria, Indochina, Indonesia, and Malaysia are reputed to kill dogs with the same vigor as le... | What is a known predator of village dogs in India? | {
"text": [
"Striped hyenas"
],
"answer_start": [
328
]
} |
56d5fb031c85041400946e8a | Dog | Despite their descent from wolves and classification as Carnivora, dogs are variously described in scholarly and other writings as carnivores or omnivores. Unlike obligate carnivores, such as the cat family with its shorter small intestine, dogs can adapt to a wide-ranging diet, and are not dependent on meat-specific p... | Dogs exhibit carnivore as well as what other type of dietary behavior? | {
"text": [
"omnivores"
],
"answer_start": [
145
]
} |
56d5fb031c85041400946e8c | Dog | Despite their descent from wolves and classification as Carnivora, dogs are variously described in scholarly and other writings as carnivores or omnivores. Unlike obligate carnivores, such as the cat family with its shorter small intestine, dogs can adapt to a wide-ranging diet, and are not dependent on meat-specific p... | Dogs can digest meat as well as what else? | {
"text": [
"vegetables and grains"
],
"answer_start": [
471
]
} |
56d5fb031c85041400946e8e | Dog | Despite their descent from wolves and classification as Carnivora, dogs are variously described in scholarly and other writings as carnivores or omnivores. Unlike obligate carnivores, such as the cat family with its shorter small intestine, dogs can adapt to a wide-ranging diet, and are not dependent on meat-specific p... | Cats are known as what type of carnivore? | {
"text": [
"obligate"
],
"answer_start": [
163
]
} |
56d9b75edc89441400fdb73a | Dog | Despite their descent from wolves and classification as Carnivora, dogs are variously described in scholarly and other writings as carnivores or omnivores. Unlike obligate carnivores, such as the cat family with its shorter small intestine, dogs can adapt to a wide-ranging diet, and are not dependent on meat-specific p... | Because of what they eat, dogs are classified as what? | {
"text": [
"carnivores or omnivores"
],
"answer_start": [
131
]
} |
56d9b75edc89441400fdb73b | Dog | Despite their descent from wolves and classification as Carnivora, dogs are variously described in scholarly and other writings as carnivores or omnivores. Unlike obligate carnivores, such as the cat family with its shorter small intestine, dogs can adapt to a wide-ranging diet, and are not dependent on meat-specific p... | Dogs do not require a very high level of what when eating? | {
"text": [
"protein"
],
"answer_start": [
319
]
} |
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