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57324501b9d445190005e95d
Pacific_War
By April 1945, China had already been at war with Japan for more than seven years. Both nations were exhausted by years of battles, bombings and blockades. After Japanese victories in Operation Ichi-Go, Japan were losing the battle in Burma and facing constant attacks from Chinese Nationalists forces and Communist guer...
In 1945, how many years had Japan already been at war with China?
{ "text": [ "seven" ], "answer_start": [ 70 ] }
57324501b9d445190005e95e
Pacific_War
By April 1945, China had already been at war with Japan for more than seven years. Both nations were exhausted by years of battles, bombings and blockades. After Japanese victories in Operation Ichi-Go, Japan were losing the battle in Burma and facing constant attacks from Chinese Nationalists forces and Communist guer...
What battle did the Japanese Army begin to prepare for in March 1945?
{ "text": [ "Battle of West Hunan" ], "answer_start": [ 393 ] }
57324501b9d445190005e95f
Pacific_War
By April 1945, China had already been at war with Japan for more than seven years. Both nations were exhausted by years of battles, bombings and blockades. After Japanese victories in Operation Ichi-Go, Japan were losing the battle in Burma and facing constant attacks from Chinese Nationalists forces and Communist guer...
How many Japanese soldiers were mobilized to capture the Chinese airfields and railroads in West Hunan?
{ "text": [ "80,000" ], "answer_start": [ 548 ] }
57324501b9d445190005e960
Pacific_War
By April 1945, China had already been at war with Japan for more than seven years. Both nations were exhausted by years of battles, bombings and blockades. After Japanese victories in Operation Ichi-Go, Japan were losing the battle in Burma and facing constant attacks from Chinese Nationalists forces and Communist guer...
Who was the Chinese commander-in-chief of the 10th and 27th Army Groups?
{ "text": [ "He Yingqin" ], "answer_start": [ 757 ] }
57324501b9d445190005e961
Pacific_War
By April 1945, China had already been at war with Japan for more than seven years. Both nations were exhausted by years of battles, bombings and blockades. After Japanese victories in Operation Ichi-Go, Japan were losing the battle in Burma and facing constant attacks from Chinese Nationalists forces and Communist guer...
When did Chinese forces retake Guangxi?
{ "text": [ "August 1945" ], "answer_start": [ 1463 ] }
573245f7b9d445190005e97b
Pacific_War
The largest and bloodiest American battle came at Okinawa, as the U.S. sought airbases for 3,000 B-29 bombers and 240 squadrons of B-17 bombers for the intense bombardment of Japan's home islands in preparation for a full-scale invasion in late 1945. The Japanese, with 115,000 troops augmented by thousands of civilians...
How many B-29 bombers were airbases need for in Okinawa?
{ "text": [ "3,000" ], "answer_start": [ 91 ] }
573245f7b9d445190005e97c
Pacific_War
The largest and bloodiest American battle came at Okinawa, as the U.S. sought airbases for 3,000 B-29 bombers and 240 squadrons of B-17 bombers for the intense bombardment of Japan's home islands in preparation for a full-scale invasion in late 1945. The Japanese, with 115,000 troops augmented by thousands of civilians...
How many squadrons of B=17 bombers were airbases need for in Okinawa?
{ "text": [ "240" ], "answer_start": [ 114 ] }
573245f7b9d445190005e97d
Pacific_War
The largest and bloodiest American battle came at Okinawa, as the U.S. sought airbases for 3,000 B-29 bombers and 240 squadrons of B-17 bombers for the intense bombardment of Japan's home islands in preparation for a full-scale invasion in late 1945. The Japanese, with 115,000 troops augmented by thousands of civilians...
How many Japanese troops were on Okinawa?
{ "text": [ "115,000" ], "answer_start": [ 270 ] }
573245f7b9d445190005e97e
Pacific_War
The largest and bloodiest American battle came at Okinawa, as the U.S. sought airbases for 3,000 B-29 bombers and 240 squadrons of B-17 bombers for the intense bombardment of Japan's home islands in preparation for a full-scale invasion in late 1945. The Japanese, with 115,000 troops augmented by thousands of civilians...
When did the United States land forces on Okinawa?
{ "text": [ "1 April 1945" ], "answer_start": [ 553 ] }
573245f7b9d445190005e97f
Pacific_War
The largest and bloodiest American battle came at Okinawa, as the U.S. sought airbases for 3,000 B-29 bombers and 240 squadrons of B-17 bombers for the intense bombardment of Japan's home islands in preparation for a full-scale invasion in late 1945. The Japanese, with 115,000 troops augmented by thousands of civilians...
How many U.S. ships were lost at Okinawa?
{ "text": [ "38" ], "answer_start": [ 716 ] }
57324709e17f3d14004227bd
Pacific_War
Hard-fought battles on the Japanese home islands of Iwo Jima, Okinawa, and others resulted in horrific casualties on both sides but finally produced a Japanese defeat. Of the 117,000 Japanese troops defending Okinawa, 94 percent died. Faced with the loss of most of their experienced pilots, the Japanese increased their...
What percent of Japanese troops died on Okinawa?
{ "text": [ "94" ], "answer_start": [ 218 ] }
57324709e17f3d14004227be
Pacific_War
Hard-fought battles on the Japanese home islands of Iwo Jima, Okinawa, and others resulted in horrific casualties on both sides but finally produced a Japanese defeat. Of the 117,000 Japanese troops defending Okinawa, 94 percent died. Faced with the loss of most of their experienced pilots, the Japanese increased their...
Using a total blockade and air raids, what did the US Navy hope to force?
{ "text": [ "Japanese surrender" ], "answer_start": [ 448 ] }
57324709e17f3d14004227bf
Pacific_War
Hard-fought battles on the Japanese home islands of Iwo Jima, Okinawa, and others resulted in horrific casualties on both sides but finally produced a Japanese defeat. Of the 117,000 Japanese troops defending Okinawa, 94 percent died. Faced with the loss of most of their experienced pilots, the Japanese increased their...
How many Japanese troops defended Okinawa?
{ "text": [ "117,000" ], "answer_start": [ 175 ] }
57324709e17f3d14004227c0
Pacific_War
Hard-fought battles on the Japanese home islands of Iwo Jima, Okinawa, and others resulted in horrific casualties on both sides but finally produced a Japanese defeat. Of the 117,000 Japanese troops defending Okinawa, 94 percent died. Faced with the loss of most of their experienced pilots, the Japanese increased their...
How did the Japanese attempt to cause high Allied casualties?
{ "text": [ "kamikaze tactics" ], "answer_start": [ 328 ] }
5732485de99e3014001e663e
Pacific_War
Towards the end of the war as the role of strategic bombing became more important, a new command for the U.S. Strategic Air Forces in the Pacific was created to oversee all U.S. strategic bombing in the hemisphere, under United States Army Air Forces General Curtis LeMay. Japanese industrial production plunged as nearl...
Who was over the new U.S. Strategic Air Forces in the Pacific command?
{ "text": [ "General Curtis LeMay" ], "answer_start": [ 251 ] }
5732485de99e3014001e663f
Pacific_War
Towards the end of the war as the role of strategic bombing became more important, a new command for the U.S. Strategic Air Forces in the Pacific was created to oversee all U.S. strategic bombing in the hemisphere, under United States Army Air Forces General Curtis LeMay. Japanese industrial production plunged as nearl...
How many people were killed in the incendry attack on Tokyo on March 9-10, 1945?
{ "text": [ "100,000" ], "answer_start": [ 436 ] }
5732485de99e3014001e6640
Pacific_War
Towards the end of the war as the role of strategic bombing became more important, a new command for the U.S. Strategic Air Forces in the Pacific was created to oversee all U.S. strategic bombing in the hemisphere, under United States Army Air Forces General Curtis LeMay. Japanese industrial production plunged as nearl...
Who oversaw Operation Starvation?
{ "text": [ "General Curtis LeMay" ], "answer_start": [ 251 ] }
5732485de99e3014001e6641
Pacific_War
Towards the end of the war as the role of strategic bombing became more important, a new command for the U.S. Strategic Air Forces in the Pacific was created to oversee all U.S. strategic bombing in the hemisphere, under United States Army Air Forces General Curtis LeMay. Japanese industrial production plunged as nearl...
When was the Potsdam Declaration issued?
{ "text": [ "26 July 1945" ], "answer_start": [ 713 ] }
5732485de99e3014001e6642
Pacific_War
Towards the end of the war as the role of strategic bombing became more important, a new command for the U.S. Strategic Air Forces in the Pacific was created to oversee all U.S. strategic bombing in the hemisphere, under United States Army Air Forces General Curtis LeMay. Japanese industrial production plunged as nearl...
What ultimatum stated that Japan would face "prompt and utter destruction" if it did not surrender?
{ "text": [ "Potsdam Declaration" ], "answer_start": [ 917 ] }
57324b84e17f3d14004227fb
Pacific_War
On 6 August 1945, the U.S. dropped an atomic bomb on the Japanese city of Hiroshima in the first nuclear attack in history. In a press release issued after the atomic bombing of Hiroshima, Truman warned Japan to surrender or "...expect a rain of ruin from the air, the like of which has never been seen on this earth." T...
America dropped what on August 6, 1945?
{ "text": [ "atomic bomb" ], "answer_start": [ 38 ] }
57324b84e17f3d14004227fc
Pacific_War
On 6 August 1945, the U.S. dropped an atomic bomb on the Japanese city of Hiroshima in the first nuclear attack in history. In a press release issued after the atomic bombing of Hiroshima, Truman warned Japan to surrender or "...expect a rain of ruin from the air, the like of which has never been seen on this earth." T...
What was the forst Japenese city nuked by the United States?
{ "text": [ "Hiroshima" ], "answer_start": [ 74 ] }
57324b84e17f3d14004227fd
Pacific_War
On 6 August 1945, the U.S. dropped an atomic bomb on the Japanese city of Hiroshima in the first nuclear attack in history. In a press release issued after the atomic bombing of Hiroshima, Truman warned Japan to surrender or "...expect a rain of ruin from the air, the like of which has never been seen on this earth." T...
When did American drop a nuclear bomb on Nagasaki?
{ "text": [ "9 August" ], "answer_start": [ 340 ] }
57324b84e17f3d14004227fe
Pacific_War
On 6 August 1945, the U.S. dropped an atomic bomb on the Japanese city of Hiroshima in the first nuclear attack in history. In a press release issued after the atomic bombing of Hiroshima, Truman warned Japan to surrender or "...expect a rain of ruin from the air, the like of which has never been seen on this earth." T...
What was the name of the blockade and bombing of Japan planed to make them surrender?
{ "text": [ "Operation Downfall" ], "answer_start": [ 946 ] }
57324b84e17f3d14004227ff
Pacific_War
On 6 August 1945, the U.S. dropped an atomic bomb on the Japanese city of Hiroshima in the first nuclear attack in history. In a press release issued after the atomic bombing of Hiroshima, Truman warned Japan to surrender or "...expect a rain of ruin from the air, the like of which has never been seen on this earth." T...
Who wrote that a Soviet invasion of Japan was unlikely?
{ "text": [ "Richard B. Frank" ], "answer_start": [ 1103 ] }
57324d08e99e3014001e667a
Pacific_War
The Manchurian Strategic Offensive Operation began on 9 August 1945, with the Soviet invasion of the Japanese puppet state of Manchukuo and was the last campaign of the Second World War and the largest of the 1945 Soviet–Japanese War which resumed hostilities between the Soviet Union and the Empire of Japan after almos...
When did the soviet Union invade Manchukuo?
{ "text": [ "9 August 1945" ], "answer_start": [ 54 ] }
57324d08e99e3014001e667b
Pacific_War
The Manchurian Strategic Offensive Operation began on 9 August 1945, with the Soviet invasion of the Japanese puppet state of Manchukuo and was the last campaign of the Second World War and the largest of the 1945 Soviet–Japanese War which resumed hostilities between the Soviet Union and the Empire of Japan after almos...
What was the last campaign of World War II?
{ "text": [ "Manchurian Strategic Offensive Operation" ], "answer_start": [ 4 ] }
57324d08e99e3014001e667c
Pacific_War
The Manchurian Strategic Offensive Operation began on 9 August 1945, with the Soviet invasion of the Japanese puppet state of Manchukuo and was the last campaign of the Second World War and the largest of the 1945 Soviet–Japanese War which resumed hostilities between the Soviet Union and the Empire of Japan after almos...
What was the largest campaign of the Soviets against Japan?
{ "text": [ "Manchurian Strategic Offensive Operation" ], "answer_start": [ 4 ] }
57324d08e99e3014001e667d
Pacific_War
The Manchurian Strategic Offensive Operation began on 9 August 1945, with the Soviet invasion of the Japanese puppet state of Manchukuo and was the last campaign of the Second World War and the largest of the 1945 Soviet–Japanese War which resumed hostilities between the Soviet Union and the Empire of Japan after almos...
Who gained Manchukuo, Mengjiang, and northern Korea after the Manchurian Strategic Offensive Campaign?
{ "text": [ "Soviet Union" ], "answer_start": [ 272 ] }
57324d08e99e3014001e667e
Pacific_War
The Manchurian Strategic Offensive Operation began on 9 August 1945, with the Soviet invasion of the Japanese puppet state of Manchukuo and was the last campaign of the Second World War and the largest of the 1945 Soviet–Japanese War which resumed hostilities between the Soviet Union and the Empire of Japan after almos...
When did hostilities between Japan and the Soviet Union resum after six years of peace?
{ "text": [ "9 August 1945" ], "answer_start": [ 54 ] }
57324e4cb9d445190005ea07
Pacific_War
The effects of the "Twin Shocks"—the Soviet entry and the atomic bombing—were profound. On 10 August the "sacred decision" was made by Japanese Cabinet to accept the Potsdam terms on one condition: the "prerogative of His Majesty as a Sovereign Ruler". At noon on 15 August, after the American government's intentionally...
How did the Japanese refer to the atomic bombings and the Soviet invasion?
{ "text": [ "\"Twin Shocks\"" ], "answer_start": [ 19 ] }
57324e4cb9d445190005ea08
Pacific_War
The effects of the "Twin Shocks"—the Soviet entry and the atomic bombing—were profound. On 10 August the "sacred decision" was made by Japanese Cabinet to accept the Potsdam terms on one condition: the "prerogative of His Majesty as a Sovereign Ruler". At noon on 15 August, after the American government's intentionally...
When did Japan surrender?
{ "text": [ "15 August" ], "answer_start": [ 264 ] }
57324e4cb9d445190005ea09
Pacific_War
The effects of the "Twin Shocks"—the Soviet entry and the atomic bombing—were profound. On 10 August the "sacred decision" was made by Japanese Cabinet to accept the Potsdam terms on one condition: the "prerogative of His Majesty as a Sovereign Ruler". At noon on 15 August, after the American government's intentionally...
What was the one condition Japan wanted before accepting the Potsdam terms?
{ "text": [ "\"prerogative of His Majesty as a Sovereign Ruler\"" ], "answer_start": [ 202 ] }
57324e4cb9d445190005ea0b
Pacific_War
The effects of the "Twin Shocks"—the Soviet entry and the atomic bombing—were profound. On 10 August the "sacred decision" was made by Japanese Cabinet to accept the Potsdam terms on one condition: the "prerogative of His Majesty as a Sovereign Ruler". At noon on 15 August, after the American government's intentionally...
What was it called when the Japanese Cabinet accepted the Potsdam terms?
{ "text": [ "\"sacred decision\"" ], "answer_start": [ 105 ] }
57324f67b9d445190005ea25
Pacific_War
In Japan, 14 August is considered to be the day that the Pacific War ended. However, as Imperial Japan actually surrendered on 15 August, this day became known in the English-speaking countries as "V-J Day" (Victory in Japan). The formal Japanese Instrument of Surrender was signed on 2 September 1945, on the battleship...
What date does Japan consider the end of the Pacific War?
{ "text": [ "14 August" ], "answer_start": [ 10 ] }
57324f67b9d445190005ea26
Pacific_War
In Japan, 14 August is considered to be the day that the Pacific War ended. However, as Imperial Japan actually surrendered on 15 August, this day became known in the English-speaking countries as "V-J Day" (Victory in Japan). The formal Japanese Instrument of Surrender was signed on 2 September 1945, on the battleship...
What day is know in the United States as "V-J Day"?
{ "text": [ "15 August" ], "answer_start": [ 127 ] }
57324f67b9d445190005ea27
Pacific_War
In Japan, 14 August is considered to be the day that the Pacific War ended. However, as Imperial Japan actually surrendered on 15 August, this day became known in the English-speaking countries as "V-J Day" (Victory in Japan). The formal Japanese Instrument of Surrender was signed on 2 September 1945, on the battleship...
When did Japan formally have signed the surrender?
{ "text": [ "2 September 1945" ], "answer_start": [ 285 ] }
57324f67b9d445190005ea28
Pacific_War
In Japan, 14 August is considered to be the day that the Pacific War ended. However, as Imperial Japan actually surrendered on 15 August, this day became known in the English-speaking countries as "V-J Day" (Victory in Japan). The formal Japanese Instrument of Surrender was signed on 2 September 1945, on the battleship...
On what battleship was the surrender document signed by the Japanese delagation?
{ "text": [ "USS Missouri" ], "answer_start": [ 321 ] }
57324f67b9d445190005ea29
Pacific_War
In Japan, 14 August is considered to be the day that the Pacific War ended. However, as Imperial Japan actually surrendered on 15 August, this day became known in the English-speaking countries as "V-J Day" (Victory in Japan). The formal Japanese Instrument of Surrender was signed on 2 September 1945, on the battleship...
Who accepted the Japanese surrender?
{ "text": [ "General Douglas MacArthur" ], "answer_start": [ 379 ] }
57325111e17f3d1400422851
Pacific_War
A widely publicised example of institutionalised sexual slavery are "comfort women", a euphemism for the 200,000 women, mostly from Korea and China, who served in the Japanese army's camps during World War II. Some 35 Dutch comfort women brought a successful case before the Batavia Military Tribunal in 1948. In 1993, C...
How many women are believed to have been sexual slaves for the Japenese Army?
{ "text": [ "200,000" ], "answer_start": [ 105 ] }
57325111e17f3d1400422852
Pacific_War
A widely publicised example of institutionalised sexual slavery are "comfort women", a euphemism for the 200,000 women, mostly from Korea and China, who served in the Japanese army's camps during World War II. Some 35 Dutch comfort women brought a successful case before the Batavia Military Tribunal in 1948. In 1993, C...
In 1948, how many Dutch women brought a case to the Batavia Military Tribunal?
{ "text": [ "35" ], "answer_start": [ 215 ] }
57325111e17f3d1400422853
Pacific_War
A widely publicised example of institutionalised sexual slavery are "comfort women", a euphemism for the 200,000 women, mostly from Korea and China, who served in the Japanese army's camps during World War II. Some 35 Dutch comfort women brought a successful case before the Batavia Military Tribunal in 1948. In 1993, C...
In 2001 which Japanese Prime <Minister apologized for the brothels.
{ "text": [ "Junichiro Koizumi" ], "answer_start": [ 502 ] }
57325111e17f3d1400422854
Pacific_War
A widely publicised example of institutionalised sexual slavery are "comfort women", a euphemism for the 200,000 women, mostly from Korea and China, who served in the Japanese army's camps during World War II. Some 35 Dutch comfort women brought a successful case before the Batavia Military Tribunal in 1948. In 1993, C...
In 2007 which Japenese Prime Minister said there was no proof of coercion of women to be sexual slaves?
{ "text": [ "Shinzō Abe" ], "answer_start": [ 558 ] }
57325111e17f3d1400422855
Pacific_War
A widely publicised example of institutionalised sexual slavery are "comfort women", a euphemism for the 200,000 women, mostly from Korea and China, who served in the Japanese army's camps during World War II. Some 35 Dutch comfort women brought a successful case before the Batavia Military Tribunal in 1948. In 1993, C...
Where were the sexual slave women mostly from?
{ "text": [ "Korea and China" ], "answer_start": [ 132 ] }
57329efbcc179a14009dab7c
Pacific_War
Australia had been shocked by the speedy collapse of British Malaya and Fall of Singapore in which around 15,000 Australian soldiers became prisoners of war. Curtin predicted that the "battle for Australia" would now follow. The Japanese established a major base in the Australian Territory of New Guinea in early 1942. ...
About how many Australians were taken prisoner after the fall of Singapore and British Malaya?
{ "text": [ "15,000" ], "answer_start": [ 106 ] }
57329efbcc179a14009dab7d
Pacific_War
Australia had been shocked by the speedy collapse of British Malaya and Fall of Singapore in which around 15,000 Australian soldiers became prisoners of war. Curtin predicted that the "battle for Australia" would now follow. The Japanese established a major base in the Australian Territory of New Guinea in early 1942. ...
In what year did Japan establish a base in New Guinea?
{ "text": [ "1942" ], "answer_start": [ 314 ] }
57329efbcc179a14009dab7e
Pacific_War
Australia had been shocked by the speedy collapse of British Malaya and Fall of Singapore in which around 15,000 Australian soldiers became prisoners of war. Curtin predicted that the "battle for Australia" would now follow. The Japanese established a major base in the Australian Territory of New Guinea in early 1942. ...
What date was the Australian mainland first attacked?
{ "text": [ "19 February" ], "answer_start": [ 323 ] }
57329efbcc179a14009dab7f
Pacific_War
Australia had been shocked by the speedy collapse of British Malaya and Fall of Singapore in which around 15,000 Australian soldiers became prisoners of war. Curtin predicted that the "battle for Australia" would now follow. The Japanese established a major base in the Australian Territory of New Guinea in early 1942. ...
What mainland Australian city was attacked by the Japanese on February 19?
{ "text": [ "Darwin" ], "answer_start": [ 336 ] }
57329efbcc179a14009dab80
Pacific_War
Australia had been shocked by the speedy collapse of British Malaya and Fall of Singapore in which around 15,000 Australian soldiers became prisoners of war. Curtin predicted that the "battle for Australia" would now follow. The Japanese established a major base in the Australian Territory of New Guinea in early 1942. ...
For how many months was Australia attacked from the air by Japan?
{ "text": [ "19" ], "answer_start": [ 453 ] }
572fc5b8b2c2fd140056843d
San_Diego
With an estimated population of 1,381,069 as of July 1, 2014, San Diego is the eighth-largest city in the United States and second-largest in California. It is part of the San Diego–Tijuana conurbation, the second-largest transborder agglomeration between the US and a bordering country after Detroit–Windsor, with a pop...
Which city in Mexico does San Diego border?
{ "text": [ "Tijuana" ], "answer_start": [ 182 ] }
572fc5b8b2c2fd140056843e
San_Diego
With an estimated population of 1,381,069 as of July 1, 2014, San Diego is the eighth-largest city in the United States and second-largest in California. It is part of the San Diego–Tijuana conurbation, the second-largest transborder agglomeration between the US and a bordering country after Detroit–Windsor, with a pop...
Of all military branches, which one has the strongest presence in San Diego?
{ "text": [ "United States Navy" ], "answer_start": [ 509 ] }
572fc5b8b2c2fd140056843f
San_Diego
With an estimated population of 1,381,069 as of July 1, 2014, San Diego is the eighth-largest city in the United States and second-largest in California. It is part of the San Diego–Tijuana conurbation, the second-largest transborder agglomeration between the US and a bordering country after Detroit–Windsor, with a pop...
Aside from healthcare, which employment sector has strongly emerged in San Diego?
{ "text": [ "biotechnology development" ], "answer_start": [ 569 ] }
572fc5b8b2c2fd1400568440
San_Diego
With an estimated population of 1,381,069 as of July 1, 2014, San Diego is the eighth-largest city in the United States and second-largest in California. It is part of the San Diego–Tijuana conurbation, the second-largest transborder agglomeration between the US and a bordering country after Detroit–Windsor, with a pop...
Of the top 10 largest cities in the country, which place does San Diego rank?
{ "text": [ "eighth" ], "answer_start": [ 79 ] }
572fc5b8b2c2fd1400568441
San_Diego
With an estimated population of 1,381,069 as of July 1, 2014, San Diego is the eighth-largest city in the United States and second-largest in California. It is part of the San Diego–Tijuana conurbation, the second-largest transborder agglomeration between the US and a bordering country after Detroit–Windsor, with a pop...
What is unique about San Diego's harbors?
{ "text": [ "deep-water" ], "answer_start": [ 445 ] }
572fca74a23a5019007fc9e9
San_Diego
Historically home to the Kumeyaay people, San Diego was the first site visited by Europeans on what is now the West Coast of the United States. Upon landing in San Diego Bay in 1542, Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo claimed the entire area for Spain, forming the basis for the settlement of Alta California 200 years later. The P...
Who claimed the San Diego Bay area for Spain in 1542?
{ "text": [ "Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo" ], "answer_start": [ 183 ] }
572fca74a23a5019007fc9ea
San_Diego
Historically home to the Kumeyaay people, San Diego was the first site visited by Europeans on what is now the West Coast of the United States. Upon landing in San Diego Bay in 1542, Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo claimed the entire area for Spain, forming the basis for the settlement of Alta California 200 years later. The P...
In what year did San Diego become part of the United States?
{ "text": [ "1850" ], "answer_start": [ 571 ] }
572fca74a23a5019007fc9eb
San_Diego
Historically home to the Kumeyaay people, San Diego was the first site visited by Europeans on what is now the West Coast of the United States. Upon landing in San Diego Bay in 1542, Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo claimed the entire area for Spain, forming the basis for the settlement of Alta California 200 years later. The P...
What native people lived in the San Diego area before the Europeans arrived?
{ "text": [ "Kumeyaay" ], "answer_start": [ 25 ] }
572fca74a23a5019007fc9ec
San_Diego
Historically home to the Kumeyaay people, San Diego was the first site visited by Europeans on what is now the West Coast of the United States. Upon landing in San Diego Bay in 1542, Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo claimed the entire area for Spain, forming the basis for the settlement of Alta California 200 years later. The P...
After the land was claimed for Spain, how many years passed before the settlement of Alta began?
{ "text": [ "200" ], "answer_start": [ 298 ] }
572fce07b2c2fd140056848b
San_Diego
The first European to visit the region was Portuguese-born explorer Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo sailing under the flag of Castile. Sailing his flagship San Salvador from Navidad, New Spain, Cabrillo claimed the bay for the Spanish Empire in 1542, and named the site 'San Miguel'. In November 1602, Sebastián Vizcaíno was sen...
Who was sent to survey the California coast in 1602?
{ "text": [ "Sebastián Vizcaíno" ], "answer_start": [ 294 ] }
572fce07b2c2fd140056848c
San_Diego
The first European to visit the region was Portuguese-born explorer Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo sailing under the flag of Castile. Sailing his flagship San Salvador from Navidad, New Spain, Cabrillo claimed the bay for the Spanish Empire in 1542, and named the site 'San Miguel'. In November 1602, Sebastián Vizcaíno was sen...
What was the name of Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo's ship?
{ "text": [ "San Salvador" ], "answer_start": [ 148 ] }
572fce07b2c2fd140056848d
San_Diego
The first European to visit the region was Portuguese-born explorer Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo sailing under the flag of Castile. Sailing his flagship San Salvador from Navidad, New Spain, Cabrillo claimed the bay for the Spanish Empire in 1542, and named the site 'San Miguel'. In November 1602, Sebastián Vizcaíno was sen...
Who was the harbor named for?
{ "text": [ "Catholic Saint Didacus" ], "answer_start": [ 487 ] }
572fce07b2c2fd140056848e
San_Diego
The first European to visit the region was Portuguese-born explorer Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo sailing under the flag of Castile. Sailing his flagship San Salvador from Navidad, New Spain, Cabrillo claimed the bay for the Spanish Empire in 1542, and named the site 'San Miguel'. In November 1602, Sebastián Vizcaíno was sen...
Who conducted the first Christian service to be recorded in Alta?
{ "text": [ "Friar Antonio de la Ascensión" ], "answer_start": [ 672 ] }
572fce07b2c2fd140056848f
San_Diego
The first European to visit the region was Portuguese-born explorer Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo sailing under the flag of Castile. Sailing his flagship San Salvador from Navidad, New Spain, Cabrillo claimed the bay for the Spanish Empire in 1542, and named the site 'San Miguel'. In November 1602, Sebastián Vizcaíno was sen...
Where did Cabrillo leave from to embark on his journey to the West Coast?
{ "text": [ "Navidad, New Spain" ], "answer_start": [ 166 ] }
572fd0e3a23a5019007fca2b
San_Diego
In May 1769, Gaspar de Portolà established the Fort Presidio of San Diego on a hill near the San Diego River. It was the first settlement by Europeans in what is now the state of California. In July of the same year, Mission San Diego de Alcalá was founded by Franciscan friars under Junípero Serra. By 1797, the mission...
Who did Junipero Serra commission to found the Mission San Diego de Alcala in 1769?
{ "text": [ "Franciscan friars" ], "answer_start": [ 260 ] }
572fd0e3a23a5019007fca2c
San_Diego
In May 1769, Gaspar de Portolà established the Fort Presidio of San Diego on a hill near the San Diego River. It was the first settlement by Europeans in what is now the state of California. In July of the same year, Mission San Diego de Alcalá was founded by Franciscan friars under Junípero Serra. By 1797, the mission...
What historic trail starting point developed at Mission San Diego?
{ "text": [ "El Camino Real" ], "answer_start": [ 532 ] }
572fd0e3a23a5019007fca2d
San_Diego
In May 1769, Gaspar de Portolà established the Fort Presidio of San Diego on a hill near the San Diego River. It was the first settlement by Europeans in what is now the state of California. In July of the same year, Mission San Diego de Alcalá was founded by Franciscan friars under Junípero Serra. By 1797, the mission...
What was developed on a hill by the San Diego River?
{ "text": [ "Fort Presidio of San Diego" ], "answer_start": [ 47 ] }
572fd0e3a23a5019007fca2e
San_Diego
In May 1769, Gaspar de Portolà established the Fort Presidio of San Diego on a hill near the San Diego River. It was the first settlement by Europeans in what is now the state of California. In July of the same year, Mission San Diego de Alcalá was founded by Franciscan friars under Junípero Serra. By 1797, the mission...
How many neophytes resided in the San Diego area in 1797?
{ "text": [ "1,400" ], "answer_start": [ 389 ] }
572fd0e3a23a5019007fca2f
San_Diego
In May 1769, Gaspar de Portolà established the Fort Presidio of San Diego on a hill near the San Diego River. It was the first settlement by Europeans in what is now the state of California. In July of the same year, Mission San Diego de Alcalá was founded by Franciscan friars under Junípero Serra. By 1797, the mission...
What are the Presidio and Mission considered today?
{ "text": [ "National Historic Landmarks" ], "answer_start": [ 586 ] }
572fd71ba23a5019007fca73
San_Diego
In 1821, Mexico won its independence from Spain, and San Diego became part of the Mexican territory of Alta California. In 1822, Mexico began attempting to extend its authority over the coastal territory of Alta California. The fort on Presidio Hill was gradually abandoned, while the town of San Diego grew up on the le...
Who was elected as the Mission's first municipal magistrate?
{ "text": [ "Juan María Osuna" ], "answer_start": [ 561 ] }
572fd71ba23a5019007fca74
San_Diego
In 1821, Mexico won its independence from Spain, and San Diego became part of the Mexican territory of Alta California. In 1822, Mexico began attempting to extend its authority over the coastal territory of Alta California. The fort on Presidio Hill was gradually abandoned, while the town of San Diego grew up on the le...
What was the name of the Mexican territory San Diego became part of in 1821?
{ "text": [ "Alta California" ], "answer_start": [ 103 ] }
572fd71ba23a5019007fca75
San_Diego
In 1821, Mexico won its independence from Spain, and San Diego became part of the Mexican territory of Alta California. In 1822, Mexico began attempting to extend its authority over the coastal territory of Alta California. The fort on Presidio Hill was gradually abandoned, while the town of San Diego grew up on the le...
Why did San Diego lose its pueblo status in 1838?
{ "text": [ "its size dropped to an estimated 100 to 150 residents" ], "answer_start": [ 835 ] }
572fd71ba23a5019007fca76
San_Diego
In 1821, Mexico won its independence from Spain, and San Diego became part of the Mexican territory of Alta California. In 1822, Mexico began attempting to extend its authority over the coastal territory of Alta California. The fort on Presidio Hill was gradually abandoned, while the town of San Diego grew up on the le...
What happened as the population shifted to more level ground below Presidio Hill?
{ "text": [ "The fort on Presidio Hill was gradually abandoned" ], "answer_start": [ 224 ] }
572fd71ba23a5019007fca77
San_Diego
In 1821, Mexico won its independence from Spain, and San Diego became part of the Mexican territory of Alta California. In 1822, Mexico began attempting to extend its authority over the coastal territory of Alta California. The fort on Presidio Hill was gradually abandoned, while the town of San Diego grew up on the le...
Who was in the running for the first alcalde position, but was defeated in the election?
{ "text": [ "Pío Pico" ], "answer_start": [ 644 ] }
572fdc72b2c2fd1400568527
San_Diego
In 1846, the United States went to war against Mexico and sent a naval and land expedition to conquer Alta California. At first they had an easy time of it capturing the major ports including San Diego, but the Californios in southern Alta California struck back. Following the successful revolt in Los Angeles, the Amer...
Who commissioned Captain Archibald Gillespie to lead 50 men on horseback to the north?
{ "text": [ "Commodore Robert F. Stockton" ], "answer_start": [ 895 ] }
572fdc72b2c2fd1400568528
San_Diego
In 1846, the United States went to war against Mexico and sent a naval and land expedition to conquer Alta California. At first they had an easy time of it capturing the major ports including San Diego, but the Californios in southern Alta California struck back. Following the successful revolt in Los Angeles, the Amer...
What battle took place in the San Pasqual Valley?
{ "text": [ "Battle of San Pasqual" ], "answer_start": [ 1139 ] }
572fdc72b2c2fd1400568529
San_Diego
In 1846, the United States went to war against Mexico and sent a naval and land expedition to conquer Alta California. At first they had an easy time of it capturing the major ports including San Diego, but the Californios in southern Alta California struck back. Following the successful revolt in Los Angeles, the Amer...
Who led the group from San Diego that rescued Kearny's men?
{ "text": [ "Lieutenant Gray" ], "answer_start": [ 1327 ] }
572fdc72b2c2fd140056852a
San_Diego
In 1846, the United States went to war against Mexico and sent a naval and land expedition to conquer Alta California. At first they had an easy time of it capturing the major ports including San Diego, but the Californios in southern Alta California struck back. Following the successful revolt in Los Angeles, the Amer...
What extreme measure did the Californios take to try to draw the Americans out of the pueblo?
{ "text": [ "The Californios drove cattle away from the pueblo" ], "answer_start": [ 660 ] }
572fdc72b2c2fd140056852b
San_Diego
In 1846, the United States went to war against Mexico and sent a naval and land expedition to conquer Alta California. At first they had an easy time of it capturing the major ports including San Diego, but the Californios in southern Alta California struck back. Following the successful revolt in Los Angeles, the Amer...
How many weeks did Mexican partisans hold San Diego before it was recaptured by Americans?
{ "text": [ "three weeks" ], "answer_start": [ 444 ] }
572fe048b2c2fd1400568543
San_Diego
Stockton and Kearny went on to recover Los Angeles and force the capitulation of Alta California with the "Treaty of Cahuenga" on January 13, 1847. As a result of the Mexican–American War of 1846–48, the territory of Alta California, including San Diego, was ceded to the United States by Mexico, under the terms of the ...
What treaty was used by Stockton and Kearny on January 1, 1847?
{ "text": [ "Treaty of Cahuenga" ], "answer_start": [ 107 ] }
572fe048b2c2fd1400568544
San_Diego
Stockton and Kearny went on to recover Los Angeles and force the capitulation of Alta California with the "Treaty of Cahuenga" on January 13, 1847. As a result of the Mexican–American War of 1846–48, the territory of Alta California, including San Diego, was ceded to the United States by Mexico, under the terms of the ...
What was established after negotiations over San Diego between the Mexcians and Americans?
{ "text": [ "Mexican-American border" ], "answer_start": [ 587 ] }
572fe048b2c2fd1400568545
San_Diego
Stockton and Kearny went on to recover Los Angeles and force the capitulation of Alta California with the "Treaty of Cahuenga" on January 13, 1847. As a result of the Mexican–American War of 1846–48, the territory of Alta California, including San Diego, was ceded to the United States by Mexico, under the terms of the ...
Which war played a role in ceding San Diego to the United States?
{ "text": [ "Mexican–American War of 1846–48" ], "answer_start": [ 167 ] }
572fe048b2c2fd1400568546
San_Diego
Stockton and Kearny went on to recover Los Angeles and force the capitulation of Alta California with the "Treaty of Cahuenga" on January 13, 1847. As a result of the Mexican–American War of 1846–48, the territory of Alta California, including San Diego, was ceded to the United States by Mexico, under the terms of the ...
What was the name of the treaty developed between Mexico and the United States in 1848?
{ "text": [ "Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo" ], "answer_start": [ 320 ] }
572fe048b2c2fd1400568547
San_Diego
Stockton and Kearny went on to recover Los Angeles and force the capitulation of Alta California with the "Treaty of Cahuenga" on January 13, 1847. As a result of the Mexican–American War of 1846–48, the territory of Alta California, including San Diego, was ceded to the United States by Mexico, under the terms of the ...
Why was the border between Mexico and the United States established one league south of San Diego Bay's most southern tip?
{ "text": [ "to include the entire bay within the United States" ], "answer_start": [ 711 ] }
572fe604a23a5019007fcafd
San_Diego
The state of California was admitted to the United States in 1850. That same year San Diego was designated the seat of the newly established San Diego County and was incorporated as a city. Joshua H. Bean, the last alcalde of San Diego, was elected the first mayor. Two years later the city was bankrupt; the California ...
In what year did San Diego officially become a city?
{ "text": [ "1850" ], "answer_start": [ 61 ] }
572fe604a23a5019007fcafe
San_Diego
The state of California was admitted to the United States in 1850. That same year San Diego was designated the seat of the newly established San Diego County and was incorporated as a city. Joshua H. Bean, the last alcalde of San Diego, was elected the first mayor. Two years later the city was bankrupt; the California ...
Who was San Diego's first mayor?
{ "text": [ "Joshua H. Bean" ], "answer_start": [ 190 ] }
572fe604a23a5019007fcaff
San_Diego
The state of California was admitted to the United States in 1850. That same year San Diego was designated the seat of the newly established San Diego County and was incorporated as a city. Joshua H. Bean, the last alcalde of San Diego, was elected the first mayor. Two years later the city was bankrupt; the California ...
What happened two years after San Diego elected it's first mayor?
{ "text": [ "the city was bankrupt" ], "answer_start": [ 282 ] }
572fe604a23a5019007fcb00
San_Diego
The state of California was admitted to the United States in 1850. That same year San Diego was designated the seat of the newly established San Diego County and was incorporated as a city. Joshua H. Bean, the last alcalde of San Diego, was elected the first mayor. Two years later the city was bankrupt; the California ...
Who controlled San Diego's charter for 2 years after it was revoked by California legislature?
{ "text": [ "a board of trustees" ], "answer_start": [ 390 ] }
572fe604a23a5019007fcb01
San_Diego
The state of California was admitted to the United States in 1850. That same year San Diego was designated the seat of the newly established San Diego County and was incorporated as a city. Joshua H. Bean, the last alcalde of San Diego, was elected the first mayor. Two years later the city was bankrupt; the California ...
When was San Diego's current charter adopted?
{ "text": [ "1931" ], "answer_start": [ 523 ] }
572fe7ccb2c2fd140056859f
San_Diego
The original town of San Diego was located at the foot of Presidio Hill, in the area which is now Old Town San Diego State Historic Park. The location was not ideal, being several miles away from navigable water. In 1850, William Heath Davis promoted a new development by the Bay shore called "New San Diego", several mi...
What was the main flaw of San Diego's original location?
{ "text": [ "several miles away from navigable water" ], "answer_start": [ 172 ] }
572fe7ccb2c2fd14005685a0
San_Diego
The original town of San Diego was located at the foot of Presidio Hill, in the area which is now Old Town San Diego State Historic Park. The location was not ideal, being several miles away from navigable water. In 1850, William Heath Davis promoted a new development by the Bay shore called "New San Diego", several mi...
Who developed New San Diego that was south of the first location?
{ "text": [ "William Heath Davis" ], "answer_start": [ 222 ] }
572fe7ccb2c2fd14005685a1
San_Diego
The original town of San Diego was located at the foot of Presidio Hill, in the area which is now Old Town San Diego State Historic Park. The location was not ideal, being several miles away from navigable water. In 1850, William Heath Davis promoted a new development by the Bay shore called "New San Diego", several mi...
Who was largely responsible for the population growth of Downtown San Diego?
{ "text": [ "Alonzo Horton" ], "answer_start": [ 481 ] }
572fe7ccb2c2fd14005685a2
San_Diego
The original town of San Diego was located at the foot of Presidio Hill, in the area which is now Old Town San Diego State Historic Park. The location was not ideal, being several miles away from navigable water. In 1850, William Heath Davis promoted a new development by the Bay shore called "New San Diego", several mi...
What happened in 1878 that played a role in San Diego's economic growth?
{ "text": [ "the arrival of a railroad connection" ], "answer_start": [ 948 ] }
572fe7ccb2c2fd14005685a3
San_Diego
The original town of San Diego was located at the foot of Presidio Hill, in the area which is now Old Town San Diego State Historic Park. The location was not ideal, being several miles away from navigable water. In 1850, William Heath Davis promoted a new development by the Bay shore called "New San Diego", several mi...
What was San Diego's downtown area originally called?
{ "text": [ "New Town" ], "answer_start": [ 549 ] }
572feabcb2c2fd14005685d9
San_Diego
In the early part of the 20th century, San Diego hosted two World's Fairs: the Panama-California Exposition in 1915 and the California Pacific International Exposition in 1935. Both expositions were held in Balboa Park, and many of the Spanish/Baroque-style buildings that were built for those expositions remain to this...
What park in San Diego hosted two World Fairs near the beginning of the 20th century?
{ "text": [ "Balboa Park" ], "answer_start": [ 207 ] }
572feabcb2c2fd14005685da
San_Diego
In the early part of the 20th century, San Diego hosted two World's Fairs: the Panama-California Exposition in 1915 and the California Pacific International Exposition in 1935. Both expositions were held in Balboa Park, and many of the Spanish/Baroque-style buildings that were built for those expositions remain to this...
Where did many of the San Diego Zoo's exotic animals come from?
{ "text": [ "Panama-California Exposition in 1915" ], "answer_start": [ 79 ] }
572feabcb2c2fd14005685db
San_Diego
In the early part of the 20th century, San Diego hosted two World's Fairs: the Panama-California Exposition in 1915 and the California Pacific International Exposition in 1935. Both expositions were held in Balboa Park, and many of the Spanish/Baroque-style buildings that were built for those expositions remain to this...
What festival was celebrated in the 1950s in recognition of the city's Mexican and Spanish past?
{ "text": [ "Fiesta del Pacifico" ], "answer_start": [ 760 ] }
572feabcb2c2fd14005685dd
San_Diego
In the early part of the 20th century, San Diego hosted two World's Fairs: the Panama-California Exposition in 1915 and the California Pacific International Exposition in 1935. Both expositions were held in Balboa Park, and many of the Spanish/Baroque-style buildings that were built for those expositions remain to this...
Which World Fair was hosted in San Diego in 1935?
{ "text": [ "California Pacific International Exposition" ], "answer_start": [ 124 ] }
572fec9504bcaa1900d76ebb
San_Diego
The southern portion of the Point Loma peninsula was set aside for military purposes as early as 1852. Over the next several decades the Army set up a series of coastal artillery batteries and named the area Fort Rosecrans. Significant U.S. Navy presence began in 1901 with the establishment of the Navy Coaling Station ...
What names was given to coastal artillery batteries erected shortly after 1852?
{ "text": [ "Fort Rosecrans" ], "answer_start": [ 208 ] }
572fec9504bcaa1900d76ebc
San_Diego
The southern portion of the Point Loma peninsula was set aside for military purposes as early as 1852. Over the next several decades the Army set up a series of coastal artillery batteries and named the area Fort Rosecrans. Significant U.S. Navy presence began in 1901 with the establishment of the Navy Coaling Station ...
What was the name of Charles A. Lindbergh's plane that was built in San Diego by Ryan Airlines?
{ "text": [ "Spirit of St. Louis" ], "answer_start": [ 918 ] }
572fec9504bcaa1900d76ebd
San_Diego
The southern portion of the Point Loma peninsula was set aside for military purposes as early as 1852. Over the next several decades the Army set up a series of coastal artillery batteries and named the area Fort Rosecrans. Significant U.S. Navy presence began in 1901 with the establishment of the Navy Coaling Station ...
What was the original name of today's Marine Corps Air Station Miramar?
{ "text": [ "Camp Kearny" ], "answer_start": [ 504 ] }
572fec9504bcaa1900d76ebe
San_Diego
The southern portion of the Point Loma peninsula was set aside for military purposes as early as 1852. Over the next several decades the Army set up a series of coastal artillery batteries and named the area Fort Rosecrans. Significant U.S. Navy presence began in 1901 with the establishment of the Navy Coaling Station ...
What branch of the military began to have a strong presence in San Diego in 1901?
{ "text": [ "U.S. Navy" ], "answer_start": [ 236 ] }