id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringlengths 3 59 | context stringlengths 151 3.71k | question stringlengths 12 217 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
5730c2302461fd1900a9d046 | Russian_language | Significant Russian-speaking groups also exist in Western Europe. These have been fed by several waves of immigrants since the beginning of the 20th century, each with its own flavor of language. The United Kingdom, Spain, Portugal, France, Italy, Belgium, Greece, Brazil, Norway, and Austria have significant Russian-sp... | How many people in Ireland speak Russian? | {
"text": [
"21,639"
],
"answer_start": [
392
]
} |
5730c2302461fd1900a9d047 | Russian_language | Significant Russian-speaking groups also exist in Western Europe. These have been fed by several waves of immigrants since the beginning of the 20th century, each with its own flavor of language. The United Kingdom, Spain, Portugal, France, Italy, Belgium, Greece, Brazil, Norway, and Austria have significant Russian-sp... | How much of Ireland's Russian speakers are Russian citizens? | {
"text": [
"13%"
],
"answer_start": [
478
]
} |
5730c2302461fd1900a9d048 | Russian_language | Significant Russian-speaking groups also exist in Western Europe. These have been fed by several waves of immigrants since the beginning of the 20th century, each with its own flavor of language. The United Kingdom, Spain, Portugal, France, Italy, Belgium, Greece, Brazil, Norway, and Austria have significant Russian-sp... | How much of Ireland's Russian speakers are Irish citizens? | {
"text": [
"20%"
],
"answer_start": [
506
]
} |
5730c2302461fd1900a9d049 | Russian_language | Significant Russian-speaking groups also exist in Western Europe. These have been fed by several waves of immigrants since the beginning of the 20th century, each with its own flavor of language. The United Kingdom, Spain, Portugal, France, Italy, Belgium, Greece, Brazil, Norway, and Austria have significant Russian-sp... | How much of Ireland's Russian speakers are Latvian citizens? | {
"text": [
"27%"
],
"answer_start": [
540
]
} |
5730df7eaca1c71400fe5b1f | Russian_language | In Armenia Russian has no official status, but it's recognised as a minority language under the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities. According to estimates from Demoskop Weekly, in 2004 there were 15,000 native speakers of Russian in the country, and 1 million active speakers. 30% of the popu... | What convention recognizes Russian in Armenia? | {
"text": [
"Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities"
],
"answer_start": [
96
]
} |
5730df7eaca1c71400fe5b20 | Russian_language | In Armenia Russian has no official status, but it's recognised as a minority language under the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities. According to estimates from Demoskop Weekly, in 2004 there were 15,000 native speakers of Russian in the country, and 1 million active speakers. 30% of the popu... | How many Armenians speak Russian natively? | {
"text": [
"15,000"
],
"answer_start": [
224
]
} |
5730df7eaca1c71400fe5b21 | Russian_language | In Armenia Russian has no official status, but it's recognised as a minority language under the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities. According to estimates from Demoskop Weekly, in 2004 there were 15,000 native speakers of Russian in the country, and 1 million active speakers. 30% of the popu... | How many Armenians speak Russian actively? | {
"text": [
"1 million"
],
"answer_start": [
278
]
} |
5730df7eaca1c71400fe5b22 | Russian_language | In Armenia Russian has no official status, but it's recognised as a minority language under the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities. According to estimates from Demoskop Weekly, in 2004 there were 15,000 native speakers of Russian in the country, and 1 million active speakers. 30% of the popu... | What percent of Armenia speaks Russian? | {
"text": [
"30%"
],
"answer_start": [
305
]
} |
5730df7eaca1c71400fe5b23 | Russian_language | In Armenia Russian has no official status, but it's recognised as a minority language under the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities. According to estimates from Demoskop Weekly, in 2004 there were 15,000 native speakers of Russian in the country, and 1 million active speakers. 30% of the popu... | What percent of Armenia uses Russian as their main language? | {
"text": [
"2%"
],
"answer_start": [
362
]
} |
5730dfd1aca1c71400fe5b29 | Russian_language | In Georgia Russian has no official status, but it's recognised as a minority language under the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities. According to estimates from Demoskop Weekly, in 2004 there were 130,000 native speakers of Russian in the country, and 1.7 million active speakers. 27% of the p... | What convention recognizes Russian in Georgia? | {
"text": [
"Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities"
],
"answer_start": [
96
]
} |
5730dfd1aca1c71400fe5b2a | Russian_language | In Georgia Russian has no official status, but it's recognised as a minority language under the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities. According to estimates from Demoskop Weekly, in 2004 there were 130,000 native speakers of Russian in the country, and 1.7 million active speakers. 27% of the p... | How many Georgians speak Russian natively? | {
"text": [
"130,000"
],
"answer_start": [
224
]
} |
5730dfd1aca1c71400fe5b2b | Russian_language | In Georgia Russian has no official status, but it's recognised as a minority language under the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities. According to estimates from Demoskop Weekly, in 2004 there were 130,000 native speakers of Russian in the country, and 1.7 million active speakers. 27% of the p... | How many Georgians speak Russian actively? | {
"text": [
"1.7 million"
],
"answer_start": [
279
]
} |
5730dfd1aca1c71400fe5b2c | Russian_language | In Georgia Russian has no official status, but it's recognised as a minority language under the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities. According to estimates from Demoskop Weekly, in 2004 there were 130,000 native speakers of Russian in the country, and 1.7 million active speakers. 27% of the p... | What percent of Georgia is fluent in Russian? | {
"text": [
"27%"
],
"answer_start": [
308
]
} |
5730dfd1aca1c71400fe5b2d | Russian_language | In Georgia Russian has no official status, but it's recognised as a minority language under the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities. According to estimates from Demoskop Weekly, in 2004 there were 130,000 native speakers of Russian in the country, and 1.7 million active speakers. 27% of the p... | What percent of Georgia use Russian as their main language? | {
"text": [
"1%"
],
"answer_start": [
365
]
} |
5730e504f6cb411900e2451f | Russian_language | In Kazakhstan Russian is not a state language, but according to article 7 of the Constitution of Kazakhstan its usage enjoys equal status to that of the Kazakh language in state and local administration. According to estimates from Demoskop Weekly, in 2004 there were 4,200,000 native speakers of Russian in the country,... | How many people in Kazakhstan speak Russian natively? | {
"text": [
"4,200,000"
],
"answer_start": [
268
]
} |
5730e504f6cb411900e24520 | Russian_language | In Kazakhstan Russian is not a state language, but according to article 7 of the Constitution of Kazakhstan its usage enjoys equal status to that of the Kazakh language in state and local administration. According to estimates from Demoskop Weekly, in 2004 there were 4,200,000 native speakers of Russian in the country,... | How many people in Kazakhstan speak Russian actively? | {
"text": [
"10 million"
],
"answer_start": [
325
]
} |
5730e504f6cb411900e24521 | Russian_language | In Kazakhstan Russian is not a state language, but according to article 7 of the Constitution of Kazakhstan its usage enjoys equal status to that of the Kazakh language in state and local administration. According to estimates from Demoskop Weekly, in 2004 there were 4,200,000 native speakers of Russian in the country,... | What percent of people in Kazakhstan speak Russian fluently? | {
"text": [
"63%"
],
"answer_start": [
353
]
} |
5730e504f6cb411900e24522 | Russian_language | In Kazakhstan Russian is not a state language, but according to article 7 of the Constitution of Kazakhstan its usage enjoys equal status to that of the Kazakh language in state and local administration. According to estimates from Demoskop Weekly, in 2004 there were 4,200,000 native speakers of Russian in the country,... | What percent of people in Kazakhstan use Russian as their main language? | {
"text": [
"46%"
],
"answer_start": [
410
]
} |
5730e7c0b54a4f140068ccd0 | Russian_language | The language was first introduced in North America when Russian explorers voyaged into Alaska and claimed it for Russia during the 1700s. Although most colonists left after the United States bought the land in 1867, a handful stayed and preserved the Russian language in this region to this day, although only a few elde... | Where did Russian explorers first reach North America? | {
"text": [
"Alaska"
],
"answer_start": [
87
]
} |
5730e7c0b54a4f140068ccd1 | Russian_language | The language was first introduced in North America when Russian explorers voyaged into Alaska and claimed it for Russia during the 1700s. Although most colonists left after the United States bought the land in 1867, a handful stayed and preserved the Russian language in this region to this day, although only a few elde... | When did Russian explorers first reach North America? | {
"text": [
"1700s"
],
"answer_start": [
131
]
} |
5730e7c0b54a4f140068ccd2 | Russian_language | The language was first introduced in North America when Russian explorers voyaged into Alaska and claimed it for Russia during the 1700s. Although most colonists left after the United States bought the land in 1867, a handful stayed and preserved the Russian language in this region to this day, although only a few elde... | When did the US buy Alaska? | {
"text": [
"1867"
],
"answer_start": [
210
]
} |
5730e7c0b54a4f140068ccd3 | Russian_language | The language was first introduced in North America when Russian explorers voyaged into Alaska and claimed it for Russia during the 1700s. Although most colonists left after the United States bought the land in 1867, a handful stayed and preserved the Russian language in this region to this day, although only a few elde... | What portion of Russian-speaking Americans are ethnic Russians? | {
"text": [
"about 25%"
],
"answer_start": [
824
]
} |
5730e7c0b54a4f140068ccd4 | Russian_language | The language was first introduced in North America when Russian explorers voyaged into Alaska and claimed it for Russia during the 1700s. Although most colonists left after the United States bought the land in 1867, a handful stayed and preserved the Russian language in this region to this day, although only a few elde... | What is the term for Russian-speaking people? | {
"text": [
"Russophones"
],
"answer_start": [
945
]
} |
5730e962f6cb411900e24546 | Russian_language | Russian is one of the official languages (or has similar status and interpretation must be provided into Russian) of the United Nations, International Atomic Energy Agency, World Health Organization, International Civil Aviation Organization, UNESCO, World Intellectual Property Organization, International Telecommunica... | For which mission did NASA astronauts first learn Russian? | {
"text": [
"Apollo-Soyuz"
],
"answer_start": [
1172
]
} |
5730e962f6cb411900e24547 | Russian_language | Russian is one of the official languages (or has similar status and interpretation must be provided into Russian) of the United Nations, International Atomic Energy Agency, World Health Organization, International Civil Aviation Organization, UNESCO, World Intellectual Property Organization, International Telecommunica... | When did Apollo-Soyuz fly? | {
"text": [
"1975"
],
"answer_start": [
1214
]
} |
5730e962f6cb411900e24548 | Russian_language | Russian is one of the official languages (or has similar status and interpretation must be provided into Russian) of the United Nations, International Atomic Energy Agency, World Health Organization, International Civil Aviation Organization, UNESCO, World Intellectual Property Organization, International Telecommunica... | What are Russian astronauts called? | {
"text": [
"cosmonauts"
],
"answer_start": [
1091
]
} |
5730e962f6cb411900e24549 | Russian_language | Russian is one of the official languages (or has similar status and interpretation must be provided into Russian) of the United Nations, International Atomic Energy Agency, World Health Organization, International Civil Aviation Organization, UNESCO, World Intellectual Property Organization, International Telecommunica... | What math competition has Russian as an official language? | {
"text": [
"International Mathematical Olympiad"
],
"answer_start": [
910
]
} |
5730e9bfaca1c71400fe5b69 | Russian_language | In March 2013 it was announced that Russian is now the second-most used language on the Internet after English. People use the Russian language on 5.9% of all websites, slightly ahead of German and far behind English (54.7%). Russian is used not only on 89.8% of .ru sites, but also on 88.7% of sites with the former Sov... | What is the second-most-popular language online as of 2013? | {
"text": [
"Russian"
],
"answer_start": [
36
]
} |
5730e9bfaca1c71400fe5b6a | Russian_language | In March 2013 it was announced that Russian is now the second-most used language on the Internet after English. People use the Russian language on 5.9% of all websites, slightly ahead of German and far behind English (54.7%). Russian is used not only on 89.8% of .ru sites, but also on 88.7% of sites with the former Sov... | What percent of all websites are in English? | {
"text": [
"54.7%"
],
"answer_start": [
218
]
} |
5730e9bfaca1c71400fe5b6b | Russian_language | In March 2013 it was announced that Russian is now the second-most used language on the Internet after English. People use the Russian language on 5.9% of all websites, slightly ahead of German and far behind English (54.7%). Russian is used not only on 89.8% of .ru sites, but also on 88.7% of sites with the former Sov... | What percent of all websites are in Russian? | {
"text": [
"5.9%"
],
"answer_start": [
147
]
} |
5730e9bfaca1c71400fe5b6c | Russian_language | In March 2013 it was announced that Russian is now the second-most used language on the Internet after English. People use the Russian language on 5.9% of all websites, slightly ahead of German and far behind English (54.7%). Russian is used not only on 89.8% of .ru sites, but also on 88.7% of sites with the former Sov... | What percent of all .ru websites are in Russian? | {
"text": [
"89.8%"
],
"answer_start": [
254
]
} |
5730e9bfaca1c71400fe5b6d | Russian_language | In March 2013 it was announced that Russian is now the second-most used language on the Internet after English. People use the Russian language on 5.9% of all websites, slightly ahead of German and far behind English (54.7%). Russian is used not only on 89.8% of .ru sites, but also on 88.7% of sites with the former Sov... | What percent of Ukraine's websites are in Russian? | {
"text": [
"79.0%"
],
"answer_start": [
419
]
} |
5730edfaa5e9cc1400cdbb01 | Russian_language | Despite leveling after 1900, especially in matters of vocabulary and phonetics, a number of dialects still exist in Russia. Some linguists divide the dialects of Russian into two primary regional groupings, "Northern" and "Southern", with Moscow lying on the zone of transition between the two. Others divide the languag... | What two regions do some linguists divide Russian into? | {
"text": [
"\"Northern\" and \"Southern\""
],
"answer_start": [
207
]
} |
5730edfaa5e9cc1400cdbb02 | Russian_language | Despite leveling after 1900, especially in matters of vocabulary and phonetics, a number of dialects still exist in Russia. Some linguists divide the dialects of Russian into two primary regional groupings, "Northern" and "Southern", with Moscow lying on the zone of transition between the two. Others divide the languag... | What three regions do some linguists divide Russian into? | {
"text": [
"Northern, Central (or Middle) and Southern"
],
"answer_start": [
344
]
} |
5730edfaa5e9cc1400cdbb03 | Russian_language | Despite leveling after 1900, especially in matters of vocabulary and phonetics, a number of dialects still exist in Russia. Some linguists divide the dialects of Russian into two primary regional groupings, "Northern" and "Southern", with Moscow lying on the zone of transition between the two. Others divide the languag... | What distinguishes Russian dialects? | {
"text": [
"non-standard features of pronunciation and intonation, vocabulary and grammar"
],
"answer_start": [
802
]
} |
5730ee8905b4da19006bcc58 | Russian_language | The Northern Russian dialects and those spoken along the Volga River typically pronounce unstressed /o/ clearly (the phenomenon called okanye/оканье). Besides the absence of vowel reduction, some dialects have high or diphthongal /e~i̯ɛ/ in the place of Proto-Slavic *ě and /o~u̯ɔ/ in stressed closed syllables (as in Uk... | What is okanye? | {
"text": [
"pronounce unstressed /o/ clearly"
],
"answer_start": [
79
]
} |
5730ee8905b4da19006bcc59 | Russian_language | The Northern Russian dialects and those spoken along the Volga River typically pronounce unstressed /o/ clearly (the phenomenon called okanye/оканье). Besides the absence of vowel reduction, some dialects have high or diphthongal /e~i̯ɛ/ in the place of Proto-Slavic *ě and /o~u̯ɔ/ in stressed closed syllables (as in Uk... | What articles are similar to Bulgarian? | {
"text": [
"post-posed definite article -to, -ta, -te"
],
"answer_start": [
412
]
} |
5730ee8905b4da19006bcc5a | Russian_language | The Northern Russian dialects and those spoken along the Volga River typically pronounce unstressed /o/ clearly (the phenomenon called okanye/оканье). Besides the absence of vowel reduction, some dialects have high or diphthongal /e~i̯ɛ/ in the place of Proto-Slavic *ě and /o~u̯ɔ/ in stressed closed syllables (as in Uk... | What do some Russian dialects do about vowels? | {
"text": [
"absence of vowel reduction"
],
"answer_start": [
163
]
} |
5730ee8905b4da19006bcc5b | Russian_language | The Northern Russian dialects and those spoken along the Volga River typically pronounce unstressed /o/ clearly (the phenomenon called okanye/оканье). Besides the absence of vowel reduction, some dialects have high or diphthongal /e~i̯ɛ/ in the place of Proto-Slavic *ě and /o~u̯ɔ/ in stressed closed syllables (as in Uk... | What region of dialects is the Volga River area in? | {
"text": [
"Northern Russian"
],
"answer_start": [
4
]
} |
5730eef6a5e9cc1400cdbb09 | Russian_language | In the Southern Russian dialects, instances of unstressed /e/ and /a/ following palatalized consonants and preceding a stressed syllable are not reduced to [ɪ] (as occurs in the Moscow dialect), being instead pronounced [a] in such positions (e.g. несли is pronounced [nʲaˈslʲi], not [nʲɪsˈlʲi]) – this is called yakanye... | What does Southern Russian have a linguistic continuum with? | {
"text": [
"modern Belarusian and some dialects of Ukrainian (Eastern Polesian)"
],
"answer_start": [
823
]
} |
5730f09fa5e9cc1400cdbb13 | Russian_language | Among the first to study Russian dialects was Lomonosov in the 18th century. In the 19th, Vladimir Dal compiled the first dictionary that included dialectal vocabulary. Detailed mapping of Russian dialects began at the turn of the 20th century. In modern times, the monumental Dialectological Atlas of the Russian Langua... | Who made the first dialectal Russian dictionary? | {
"text": [
"Vladimir Dal"
],
"answer_start": [
90
]
} |
5730f09fa5e9cc1400cdbb14 | Russian_language | Among the first to study Russian dialects was Lomonosov in the 18th century. In the 19th, Vladimir Dal compiled the first dictionary that included dialectal vocabulary. Detailed mapping of Russian dialects began at the turn of the 20th century. In modern times, the monumental Dialectological Atlas of the Russian Langua... | In what century was the first dialectal Russian dictionary published? | {
"text": [
"19th"
],
"answer_start": [
84
]
} |
5730f09fa5e9cc1400cdbb15 | Russian_language | Among the first to study Russian dialects was Lomonosov in the 18th century. In the 19th, Vladimir Dal compiled the first dictionary that included dialectal vocabulary. Detailed mapping of Russian dialects began at the turn of the 20th century. In modern times, the monumental Dialectological Atlas of the Russian Langua... | When did Lomonosov study Russian dialects? | {
"text": [
"18th century"
],
"answer_start": [
63
]
} |
5730f09fa5e9cc1400cdbb16 | Russian_language | Among the first to study Russian dialects was Lomonosov in the 18th century. In the 19th, Vladimir Dal compiled the first dictionary that included dialectal vocabulary. Detailed mapping of Russian dialects began at the turn of the 20th century. In modern times, the monumental Dialectological Atlas of the Russian Langua... | When were detailed maps of Russian dialects created? | {
"text": [
"turn of the 20th century"
],
"answer_start": [
219
]
} |
5730f09fa5e9cc1400cdbb17 | Russian_language | Among the first to study Russian dialects was Lomonosov in the 18th century. In the 19th, Vladimir Dal compiled the first dictionary that included dialectal vocabulary. Detailed mapping of Russian dialects began at the turn of the 20th century. In modern times, the monumental Dialectological Atlas of the Russian Langua... | How long did it take to compile the Dialectological Atlas of the Russian Language? | {
"text": [
"four decades"
],
"answer_start": [
472
]
} |
5730f1c3e6313a140071cad6 | Russian_language | Older letters of the Russian alphabet include ⟨ѣ⟩, which merged to ⟨е⟩ (/je/ or /ʲe/); ⟨і⟩ and ⟨ѵ⟩, which both merged to ⟨и⟩ (/i/); ⟨ѳ⟩, which merged to ⟨ф⟩ (/f/); ⟨ѫ⟩, which merged to ⟨у⟩ (/u/); ⟨ѭ⟩, which merged to ⟨ю⟩ (/ju/ or /ʲu/); and ⟨ѧ/⟨ѩ⟩⟩, which later were graphically reshaped into ⟨я⟩ and merged phonetically... | What did the old letter ⟨ѣ⟩ become? | {
"text": [
"⟨е⟩"
],
"answer_start": [
67
]
} |
5730f1c3e6313a140071cad7 | Russian_language | Older letters of the Russian alphabet include ⟨ѣ⟩, which merged to ⟨е⟩ (/je/ or /ʲe/); ⟨і⟩ and ⟨ѵ⟩, which both merged to ⟨и⟩ (/i/); ⟨ѳ⟩, which merged to ⟨ф⟩ (/f/); ⟨ѫ⟩, which merged to ⟨у⟩ (/u/); ⟨ѭ⟩, which merged to ⟨ю⟩ (/ju/ or /ʲu/); and ⟨ѧ/⟨ѩ⟩⟩, which later were graphically reshaped into ⟨я⟩ and merged phonetically... | What did the old letters ⟨і⟩ and ⟨ѵ⟩ become? | {
"text": [
"⟨и⟩"
],
"answer_start": [
121
]
} |
5730f1c3e6313a140071cad8 | Russian_language | Older letters of the Russian alphabet include ⟨ѣ⟩, which merged to ⟨е⟩ (/je/ or /ʲe/); ⟨і⟩ and ⟨ѵ⟩, which both merged to ⟨и⟩ (/i/); ⟨ѳ⟩, which merged to ⟨ф⟩ (/f/); ⟨ѫ⟩, which merged to ⟨у⟩ (/u/); ⟨ѭ⟩, which merged to ⟨ю⟩ (/ju/ or /ʲu/); and ⟨ѧ/⟨ѩ⟩⟩, which later were graphically reshaped into ⟨я⟩ and merged phonetically... | What did the old letter ⟨ѳ⟩ become? | {
"text": [
"⟨ф⟩"
],
"answer_start": [
153
]
} |
5730f1c3e6313a140071cad9 | Russian_language | Older letters of the Russian alphabet include ⟨ѣ⟩, which merged to ⟨е⟩ (/je/ or /ʲe/); ⟨і⟩ and ⟨ѵ⟩, which both merged to ⟨и⟩ (/i/); ⟨ѳ⟩, which merged to ⟨ф⟩ (/f/); ⟨ѫ⟩, which merged to ⟨у⟩ (/u/); ⟨ѭ⟩, which merged to ⟨ю⟩ (/ju/ or /ʲu/); and ⟨ѧ/⟨ѩ⟩⟩, which later were graphically reshaped into ⟨я⟩ and merged phonetically... | What did the old letter ⟨ѫ⟩ become? | {
"text": [
"⟨у⟩"
],
"answer_start": [
185
]
} |
5730f1c3e6313a140071cada | Russian_language | Older letters of the Russian alphabet include ⟨ѣ⟩, which merged to ⟨е⟩ (/je/ or /ʲe/); ⟨і⟩ and ⟨ѵ⟩, which both merged to ⟨и⟩ (/i/); ⟨ѳ⟩, which merged to ⟨ф⟩ (/f/); ⟨ѫ⟩, which merged to ⟨у⟩ (/u/); ⟨ѭ⟩, which merged to ⟨ю⟩ (/ju/ or /ʲu/); and ⟨ѧ/⟨ѩ⟩⟩, which later were graphically reshaped into ⟨я⟩ and merged phonetically... | What did the old letter ⟨ѭ⟩ become? | {
"text": [
"⟨ю⟩"
],
"answer_start": [
217
]
} |
5730f210a5e9cc1400cdbb1d | Russian_language | Because of many technical restrictions in computing and also because of the unavailability of Cyrillic keyboards abroad, Russian is often transliterated using the Latin alphabet. For example, мороз ('frost') is transliterated moroz, and мышь ('mouse'), mysh or myš'. Once commonly used by the majority of those living ou... | What is 'moroz' a transliteration of? | {
"text": [
"мороз"
],
"answer_start": [
192
]
} |
5730f210a5e9cc1400cdbb1e | Russian_language | Because of many technical restrictions in computing and also because of the unavailability of Cyrillic keyboards abroad, Russian is often transliterated using the Latin alphabet. For example, мороз ('frost') is transliterated moroz, and мышь ('mouse'), mysh or myš'. Once commonly used by the majority of those living ou... | What is 'mysh' a transliteration of? | {
"text": [
"мышь"
],
"answer_start": [
237
]
} |
5730f210a5e9cc1400cdbb1f | Russian_language | Because of many technical restrictions in computing and also because of the unavailability of Cyrillic keyboards abroad, Russian is often transliterated using the Latin alphabet. For example, мороз ('frost') is transliterated moroz, and мышь ('mouse'), mysh or myš'. Once commonly used by the majority of those living ou... | What font technology has reduced the need for transliteration? | {
"text": [
"Unicode character encoding,"
],
"answer_start": [
437
]
} |
5730f210a5e9cc1400cdbb20 | Russian_language | Because of many technical restrictions in computing and also because of the unavailability of Cyrillic keyboards abroad, Russian is often transliterated using the Latin alphabet. For example, мороз ('frost') is transliterated moroz, and мышь ('mouse'), mysh or myš'. Once commonly used by the majority of those living ou... | What does 'moroz' mean? | {
"text": [
"frost"
],
"answer_start": [
200
]
} |
5730f210a5e9cc1400cdbb21 | Russian_language | Because of many technical restrictions in computing and also because of the unavailability of Cyrillic keyboards abroad, Russian is often transliterated using the Latin alphabet. For example, мороз ('frost') is transliterated moroz, and мышь ('mouse'), mysh or myš'. Once commonly used by the majority of those living ou... | What does 'mysh' mean? | {
"text": [
"mouse"
],
"answer_start": [
244
]
} |
5730f2a1497a881900248a85 | Russian_language | The Russian alphabet has many systems of character encoding. KOI8-R was designed by the Soviet government and was intended to serve as the standard encoding. This encoding was and still is widely used in UNIX-like operating systems. Nevertheless, the spread of MS-DOS and OS/2 (IBM866), traditional Macintosh (ISO/IEC 88... | Who created KOI8-R encoding? | {
"text": [
"the Soviet government"
],
"answer_start": [
84
]
} |
5730f2a1497a881900248a86 | Russian_language | The Russian alphabet has many systems of character encoding. KOI8-R was designed by the Soviet government and was intended to serve as the standard encoding. This encoding was and still is widely used in UNIX-like operating systems. Nevertheless, the spread of MS-DOS and OS/2 (IBM866), traditional Macintosh (ISO/IEC 88... | What system used CP1251 encoding? | {
"text": [
"Microsoft Windows"
],
"answer_start": [
330
]
} |
5730f2a1497a881900248a87 | Russian_language | The Russian alphabet has many systems of character encoding. KOI8-R was designed by the Soviet government and was intended to serve as the standard encoding. This encoding was and still is widely used in UNIX-like operating systems. Nevertheless, the spread of MS-DOS and OS/2 (IBM866), traditional Macintosh (ISO/IEC 88... | What systems used IBM866 encoding? | {
"text": [
"MS-DOS and OS/2"
],
"answer_start": [
261
]
} |
5730f2a1497a881900248a88 | Russian_language | The Russian alphabet has many systems of character encoding. KOI8-R was designed by the Soviet government and was intended to serve as the standard encoding. This encoding was and still is widely used in UNIX-like operating systems. Nevertheless, the spread of MS-DOS and OS/2 (IBM866), traditional Macintosh (ISO/IEC 88... | What encoding did early Macs use? | {
"text": [
"ISO/IEC 8859-5"
],
"answer_start": [
310
]
} |
5730f2a1497a881900248a89 | Russian_language | The Russian alphabet has many systems of character encoding. KOI8-R was designed by the Soviet government and was intended to serve as the standard encoding. This encoding was and still is widely used in UNIX-like operating systems. Nevertheless, the spread of MS-DOS and OS/2 (IBM866), traditional Macintosh (ISO/IEC 88... | In what years was CP1251 encoding used in most Russian online usage? | {
"text": [
"1995–2005"
],
"answer_start": [
561
]
} |
5730f30ce6313a140071cae0 | Russian_language | According to the Institute of Russian Language of the Russian Academy of Sciences, an optional acute accent (знак ударения) may, and sometimes should, be used to mark stress. For example, it is used to distinguish between otherwise identical words, especially when context does not make it obvious: замо́к/за́мок (lock/c... | What organization is the Institute of Russian Language part of? | {
"text": [
"Russian Academy of Sciences"
],
"answer_start": [
54
]
} |
5730f30ce6313a140071cae1 | Russian_language | According to the Institute of Russian Language of the Russian Academy of Sciences, an optional acute accent (знак ударения) may, and sometimes should, be used to mark stress. For example, it is used to distinguish between otherwise identical words, especially when context does not make it obvious: замо́к/за́мок (lock/c... | What can optional acute accents indicate? | {
"text": [
"stress"
],
"answer_start": [
167
]
} |
5730f30ce6313a140071cae2 | Russian_language | According to the Institute of Russian Language of the Russian Academy of Sciences, an optional acute accent (знак ударения) may, and sometimes should, be used to mark stress. For example, it is used to distinguish between otherwise identical words, especially when context does not make it obvious: замо́к/за́мок (lock/c... | What is distinguished from 'lock' only by an accent, in Russian? | {
"text": [
"castle"
],
"answer_start": [
319
]
} |
5730f30ce6313a140071cae3 | Russian_language | According to the Institute of Russian Language of the Russian Academy of Sciences, an optional acute accent (знак ударения) may, and sometimes should, be used to mark stress. For example, it is used to distinguish between otherwise identical words, especially when context does not make it obvious: замо́к/за́мок (lock/c... | What is distinguished from 'this is odd' only by an accent, in Russian? | {
"text": [
"this is marvelous"
],
"answer_start": [
396
]
} |
5730f30ce6313a140071cae4 | Russian_language | According to the Institute of Russian Language of the Russian Academy of Sciences, an optional acute accent (знак ударения) may, and sometimes should, be used to mark stress. For example, it is used to distinguish between otherwise identical words, especially when context does not make it obvious: замо́к/за́мок (lock/c... | What is distinguished from 'wothwhile' only by an accent, in Russian? | {
"text": [
"standing"
],
"answer_start": [
358
]
} |
5730f38405b4da19006bcc74 | Russian_language | The language possesses five vowels (or six, under the St. Petersburg Phonological School), which are written with different letters depending on whether or not the preceding consonant is palatalized. The consonants typically come in plain vs. palatalized pairs, which are traditionally called hard and soft. (The hard co... | Who says Russian has 6 vowels? | {
"text": [
"St. Petersburg Phonological School"
],
"answer_start": [
54
]
} |
5730f38405b4da19006bcc75 | Russian_language | The language possesses five vowels (or six, under the St. Petersburg Phonological School), which are written with different letters depending on whether or not the preceding consonant is palatalized. The consonants typically come in plain vs. palatalized pairs, which are traditionally called hard and soft. (The hard co... | When are Russian vowels written differently? | {
"text": [
"depending on whether or not the preceding consonant is palatalized"
],
"answer_start": [
132
]
} |
5730f38405b4da19006bcc76 | Russian_language | The language possesses five vowels (or six, under the St. Petersburg Phonological School), which are written with different letters depending on whether or not the preceding consonant is palatalized. The consonants typically come in plain vs. palatalized pairs, which are traditionally called hard and soft. (The hard co... | What dialect is standard Russian based on? | {
"text": [
"Moscow dialect"
],
"answer_start": [
432
]
} |
5730f38405b4da19006bcc77 | Russian_language | The language possesses five vowels (or six, under the St. Petersburg Phonological School), which are written with different letters depending on whether or not the preceding consonant is palatalized. The consonants typically come in plain vs. palatalized pairs, which are traditionally called hard and soft. (The hard co... | What language does Russian treat hard consonants similar to? | {
"text": [
"Irish"
],
"answer_start": [
388
]
} |
5730f38405b4da19006bcc78 | Russian_language | The language possesses five vowels (or six, under the St. Petersburg Phonological School), which are written with different letters depending on whether or not the preceding consonant is palatalized. The consonants typically come in plain vs. palatalized pairs, which are traditionally called hard and soft. (The hard co... | What is done to unstressed vowels? | {
"text": [
"reduced to near-close vowels or an unclear schwa"
],
"answer_start": [
580
]
} |
5730f3cae6313a140071caea | Russian_language | Russian is notable for its distinction based on palatalization of most of the consonants. While /k/, /ɡ/, /x/ do have palatalized allophones [kʲ, ɡʲ, xʲ], only /kʲ/ might be considered a phoneme, though it is marginal and generally not considered distinctive (the only native minimal pair which argues for /kʲ/ to be a s... | What might /kʲ/ be considered? | {
"text": [
"a phoneme"
],
"answer_start": [
185
]
} |
5730f434497a881900248a99 | Russian_language | Judging by the historical records, by approximately 1000 AD the predominant ethnic group over much of modern European Russia, Ukraine and Belarus was the Eastern branch of the Slavs, speaking a closely related group of dialects. The political unification of this region into Kievan Rus' in about 880, from which modern R... | When did Eastern Slavs become the dominant group in the area of Ukraine? | {
"text": [
"approximately 1000 AD"
],
"answer_start": [
38
]
} |
5730f434497a881900248a9a | Russian_language | Judging by the historical records, by approximately 1000 AD the predominant ethnic group over much of modern European Russia, Ukraine and Belarus was the Eastern branch of the Slavs, speaking a closely related group of dialects. The political unification of this region into Kievan Rus' in about 880, from which modern R... | When was Kievan Rus' formed? | {
"text": [
"about 880"
],
"answer_start": [
290
]
} |
5730f434497a881900248a9b | Russian_language | Judging by the historical records, by approximately 1000 AD the predominant ethnic group over much of modern European Russia, Ukraine and Belarus was the Eastern branch of the Slavs, speaking a closely related group of dialects. The political unification of this region into Kievan Rus' in about 880, from which modern R... | What countries did Kievan Rus' become? | {
"text": [
"modern Russia, Ukraine and Belarus"
],
"answer_start": [
312
]
} |
5730f434497a881900248a9c | Russian_language | Judging by the historical records, by approximately 1000 AD the predominant ethnic group over much of modern European Russia, Ukraine and Belarus was the Eastern branch of the Slavs, speaking a closely related group of dialects. The political unification of this region into Kievan Rus' in about 880, from which modern R... | What was the main language in Kievan Rus'? | {
"text": [
"Old East Slavic"
],
"answer_start": [
380
]
} |
5730f434497a881900248a9d | Russian_language | Judging by the historical records, by approximately 1000 AD the predominant ethnic group over much of modern European Russia, Ukraine and Belarus was the Eastern branch of the Slavs, speaking a closely related group of dialects. The political unification of this region into Kievan Rus' in about 880, from which modern R... | When did Kievan Rus' adopt Christianity? | {
"text": [
"988"
],
"answer_start": [
491
]
} |
5730f49b05b4da19006bcc88 | Russian_language | The political reforms of Peter the Great (Пётр Вели́кий, Pyótr Velíkiy) were accompanied by a reform of the alphabet, and achieved their goal of secularization and Westernization. Blocks of specialized vocabulary were adopted from the languages of Western Europe. By 1800, a significant portion of the gentry spoke Frenc... | Where did Russian get specialized vocabulary from? | {
"text": [
"the languages of Western Europe"
],
"answer_start": [
231
]
} |
5730f49b05b4da19006bcc89 | Russian_language | The political reforms of Peter the Great (Пётр Вели́кий, Pyótr Velíkiy) were accompanied by a reform of the alphabet, and achieved their goal of secularization and Westernization. Blocks of specialized vocabulary were adopted from the languages of Western Europe. By 1800, a significant portion of the gentry spoke Frenc... | What second language was common among Russian nobles by 1800? | {
"text": [
"French"
],
"answer_start": [
315
]
} |
5730f49b05b4da19006bcc8a | Russian_language | The political reforms of Peter the Great (Пётр Вели́кий, Pyótr Velíkiy) were accompanied by a reform of the alphabet, and achieved their goal of secularization and Westernization. Blocks of specialized vocabulary were adopted from the languages of Western Europe. By 1800, a significant portion of the gentry spoke Frenc... | What third language was common among Russian nobles by 1800? | {
"text": [
"German"
],
"answer_start": [
333
]
} |
5730f49b05b4da19006bcc8b | Russian_language | The political reforms of Peter the Great (Пётр Вели́кий, Pyótr Velíkiy) were accompanied by a reform of the alphabet, and achieved their goal of secularization and Westernization. Blocks of specialized vocabulary were adopted from the languages of Western Europe. By 1800, a significant portion of the gentry spoke Frenc... | Who wrote 'War and Peace'? | {
"text": [
"Leo Tolstoy"
],
"answer_start": [
397
]
} |
5730f49b05b4da19006bcc8c | Russian_language | The political reforms of Peter the Great (Пётр Вели́кий, Pyótr Velíkiy) were accompanied by a reform of the alphabet, and achieved their goal of secularization and Westernization. Blocks of specialized vocabulary were adopted from the languages of Western Europe. By 1800, a significant portion of the gentry spoke Frenc... | What language often appeared in Russian novels without translation? | {
"text": [
"French"
],
"answer_start": [
485
]
} |
5730f4ede6313a140071caf0 | Russian_language | The modern literary language is usually considered to date from the time of Alexander Pushkin (Алекса́ндр Пу́шкин) in the first third of the 19th century. Pushkin revolutionized Russian literature by rejecting archaic grammar and vocabulary (so-called "высо́кий стиль" — "high style") in favor of grammar and vocabulary ... | Who revolutionized modern Russian? | {
"text": [
"Alexander Pushkin"
],
"answer_start": [
76
]
} |
5730f4ede6313a140071caf1 | Russian_language | The modern literary language is usually considered to date from the time of Alexander Pushkin (Алекса́ндр Пу́шкин) in the first third of the 19th century. Pushkin revolutionized Russian literature by rejecting archaic grammar and vocabulary (so-called "высо́кий стиль" — "high style") in favor of grammar and vocabulary ... | What did Pushkin reject from older Russian? | {
"text": [
"archaic grammar and vocabulary"
],
"answer_start": [
210
]
} |
5730f4ede6313a140071caf2 | Russian_language | The modern literary language is usually considered to date from the time of Alexander Pushkin (Алекса́ндр Пу́шкин) in the first third of the 19th century. Pushkin revolutionized Russian literature by rejecting archaic grammar and vocabulary (so-called "высо́кий стиль" — "high style") in favor of grammar and vocabulary ... | What was 'high style'? | {
"text": [
"archaic grammar and vocabulary"
],
"answer_start": [
210
]
} |
5730f53c05b4da19006bcc92 | Russian_language | During the Soviet period, the policy toward the languages of the various other ethnic groups fluctuated in practice. Though each of the constituent republics had its own official language, the unifying role and superior status was reserved for Russian, although it was declared the official language only in 1990. Follow... | When did the USSR dissolve? | {
"text": [
"1991"
],
"answer_start": [
352
]
} |
5730f53c05b4da19006bcc93 | Russian_language | During the Soviet period, the policy toward the languages of the various other ethnic groups fluctuated in practice. Though each of the constituent republics had its own official language, the unifying role and superior status was reserved for Russian, although it was declared the official language only in 1990. Follow... | When did the USSR make Russian the official language? | {
"text": [
"1990"
],
"answer_start": [
308
]
} |
5730f53c05b4da19006bcc94 | Russian_language | During the Soviet period, the policy toward the languages of the various other ethnic groups fluctuated in practice. Though each of the constituent republics had its own official language, the unifying role and superior status was reserved for Russian, although it was declared the official language only in 1990. Follow... | What unofficial status did Russian have in the USSR before 1990? | {
"text": [
"the unifying role and superior status"
],
"answer_start": [
189
]
} |
5730f5bda5e9cc1400cdbb45 | Russian_language | According to figures published in 2006 in the journal "Demoskop Weekly" research deputy director of Research Center for Sociological Research of the Ministry of Education and Science (Russia) Arefyev A. L., the Russian language is gradually losing its position in the world in general, and in Russia in particular. In 20... | What department is the Research Center for Sociological Research part of? | {
"text": [
"Ministry of Education and Science (Russia)"
],
"answer_start": [
149
]
} |
5730f5bda5e9cc1400cdbb46 | Russian_language | According to figures published in 2006 in the journal "Demoskop Weekly" research deputy director of Research Center for Sociological Research of the Ministry of Education and Science (Russia) Arefyev A. L., the Russian language is gradually losing its position in the world in general, and in Russia in particular. In 20... | Who wrote "Russian language at the turn of the 20th-21st centuries"? | {
"text": [
"A. L. Arefyev"
],
"answer_start": [
324
]
} |
5730f5bda5e9cc1400cdbb47 | Russian_language | According to figures published in 2006 in the journal "Demoskop Weekly" research deputy director of Research Center for Sociological Research of the Ministry of Education and Science (Russia) Arefyev A. L., the Russian language is gradually losing its position in the world in general, and in Russia in particular. In 20... | When was "Russian language at the turn of the 20th-21st centuries" published? | {
"text": [
"2012"
],
"answer_start": [
318
]
} |
5730bbbb8ab72b1400f9c733 | United_States_Air_Force | The United States Air Force (USAF) is the aerial warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the seven American uniformed services. Initially part of the United States Army, the USAF was formed as a separate branch of the military on 18 September 1947 under the National Security Act of 1947. It ... | How many uniformed services are there in the United States? | {
"text": [
"seven"
],
"answer_start": [
121
]
} |
5730bbbb8ab72b1400f9c734 | United_States_Air_Force | The United States Air Force (USAF) is the aerial warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the seven American uniformed services. Initially part of the United States Army, the USAF was formed as a separate branch of the military on 18 September 1947 under the National Security Act of 1947. It ... | When did the USAF split from the US Army? | {
"text": [
"18 September 1947"
],
"answer_start": [
258
]
} |
5730bbbb8ab72b1400f9c735 | United_States_Air_Force | The United States Air Force (USAF) is the aerial warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the seven American uniformed services. Initially part of the United States Army, the USAF was formed as a separate branch of the military on 18 September 1947 under the National Security Act of 1947. It ... | What act formed the USAF? | {
"text": [
"National Security Act of 1947"
],
"answer_start": [
286
]
} |
5730bbbb8ab72b1400f9c736 | United_States_Air_Force | The United States Air Force (USAF) is the aerial warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the seven American uniformed services. Initially part of the United States Army, the USAF was formed as a separate branch of the military on 18 September 1947 under the National Security Act of 1947. It ... | What is one of the functions of the USAF? | {
"text": [
"Nuclear Deterrence Operations"
],
"answer_start": [
508
]
} |
5730be5f8ab72b1400f9c75a | United_States_Air_Force | The U.S. Air Force is a military service organized within the Department of the Air Force, one of the three military departments of the Department of Defense. The Air Force is headed by the civilian Secretary of the Air Force, who reports to the Secretary of Defense, and is appointed by the President with Senate confir... | How many departments are there in the Department of Defense? | {
"text": [
"three"
],
"answer_start": [
102
]
} |
5730be5f8ab72b1400f9c75b | United_States_Air_Force | The U.S. Air Force is a military service organized within the Department of the Air Force, one of the three military departments of the Department of Defense. The Air Force is headed by the civilian Secretary of the Air Force, who reports to the Secretary of Defense, and is appointed by the President with Senate confir... | Who does the Secretary of the Air Force currently report to? | {
"text": [
"Secretary of Defense"
],
"answer_start": [
246
]
} |
5730be5f8ab72b1400f9c75c | United_States_Air_Force | The U.S. Air Force is a military service organized within the Department of the Air Force, one of the three military departments of the Department of Defense. The Air Force is headed by the civilian Secretary of the Air Force, who reports to the Secretary of Defense, and is appointed by the President with Senate confir... | What branch of the government must confirm the President's appointment of the Secretary of the Air Force? | {
"text": [
"Senate"
],
"answer_start": [
307
]
} |
5730be5f8ab72b1400f9c75d | United_States_Air_Force | The U.S. Air Force is a military service organized within the Department of the Air Force, one of the three military departments of the Department of Defense. The Air Force is headed by the civilian Secretary of the Air Force, who reports to the Secretary of Defense, and is appointed by the President with Senate confir... | Who serves as a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff? | {
"text": [
"Chief of Staff of the Air Force"
],
"answer_start": [
407
]
} |
5730be5f8ab72b1400f9c75e | United_States_Air_Force | The U.S. Air Force is a military service organized within the Department of the Air Force, one of the three military departments of the Department of Defense. The Air Force is headed by the civilian Secretary of the Air Force, who reports to the Secretary of Defense, and is appointed by the President with Senate confir... | Who assigns combat missions to the Air Force? | {
"text": [
"Secretary of Defense"
],
"answer_start": [
611
]
} |
5730c872aca1c71400fe5ab1 | United_States_Air_Force | Recently, the Air Force refined its understanding of the core duties and responsibilities it performs as a Military Service Branch, streamlining what previously were six distinctive capabilities and seventeen operational functions into twelve core functions to be used across the doctrine, organization, training, equipm... | How many core functions did the Air Force reduce its duties down to recently? | {
"text": [
"twelve"
],
"answer_start": [
236
]
} |
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