id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringlengths 3 59 | context stringlengths 151 3.71k | question stringlengths 12 217 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
573148d2e6313a140071cdc7 | Light-emitting_diode | The light from LEDs can be modulated very quickly so they are used extensively in optical fiber and free space optics communications. This includes remote controls, such as for TVs, VCRs, and LED Computers, where infrared LEDs are often used. Opto-isolators use an LED combined with a photodiode or phototransistor to pr... | Where are opto-isolators found? | {
"text": [
"medical equipment"
],
"answer_start": [
417
]
} |
573148d2e6313a140071cdc8 | Light-emitting_diode | The light from LEDs can be modulated very quickly so they are used extensively in optical fiber and free space optics communications. This includes remote controls, such as for TVs, VCRs, and LED Computers, where infrared LEDs are often used. Opto-isolators use an LED combined with a photodiode or phototransistor to pr... | In what common household item can you find infrared LEDs? | {
"text": [
"LED Computers"
],
"answer_start": [
192
]
} |
573149e7e6313a140071cdce | Light-emitting_diode | Many sensor systems rely on light as the signal source. LEDs are often ideal as a light source due to the requirements of the sensors. LEDs are used as motion sensors, for example in optical computer mice. The Nintendo Wii's sensor bar uses infrared LEDs. Pulse oximeters use them for measuring oxygen saturation. Some f... | What video game console uses infrared LEDs? | {
"text": [
"Nintendo Wii"
],
"answer_start": [
210
]
} |
573149e7e6313a140071cdcf | Light-emitting_diode | Many sensor systems rely on light as the signal source. LEDs are often ideal as a light source due to the requirements of the sensors. LEDs are used as motion sensors, for example in optical computer mice. The Nintendo Wii's sensor bar uses infrared LEDs. Pulse oximeters use them for measuring oxygen saturation. Some f... | What device uses infrared LEDs to measure oxygen saturation? | {
"text": [
"Pulse oximeters"
],
"answer_start": [
256
]
} |
573149e7e6313a140071cdd0 | Light-emitting_diode | Many sensor systems rely on light as the signal source. LEDs are often ideal as a light source due to the requirements of the sensors. LEDs are used as motion sensors, for example in optical computer mice. The Nintendo Wii's sensor bar uses infrared LEDs. Pulse oximeters use them for measuring oxygen saturation. Some f... | Some flatbed scanners use what type of LED? | {
"text": [
"RGB LEDs"
],
"answer_start": [
350
]
} |
573149e7e6313a140071cdd1 | Light-emitting_diode | Many sensor systems rely on light as the signal source. LEDs are often ideal as a light source due to the requirements of the sensors. LEDs are used as motion sensors, for example in optical computer mice. The Nintendo Wii's sensor bar uses infrared LEDs. Pulse oximeters use them for measuring oxygen saturation. Some f... | By using LEDs, scanners do not have to what? | {
"text": [
"warm-up"
],
"answer_start": [
586
]
} |
573149e7e6313a140071cdd2 | Light-emitting_diode | Many sensor systems rely on light as the signal source. LEDs are often ideal as a light source due to the requirements of the sensors. LEDs are used as motion sensors, for example in optical computer mice. The Nintendo Wii's sensor bar uses infrared LEDs. Pulse oximeters use them for measuring oxygen saturation. Some f... | Grow lights use LEDs for what process? | {
"text": [
"increase photosynthesis in plants"
],
"answer_start": [
1034
]
} |
57314ace05b4da19006bcfe2 | Light-emitting_diode | LEDs have also been used as a medium-quality voltage reference in electronic circuits. The forward voltage drop (e.g. about 1.7 V for a normal red LED) can be used instead of a Zener diode in low-voltage regulators. Red LEDs have the flattest I/V curve above the knee. Nitride-based LEDs have a fairly steep I/V curve an... | What quality has LEDs been used as? | {
"text": [
"medium-quality"
],
"answer_start": [
30
]
} |
57314ace05b4da19006bcfe3 | Light-emitting_diode | LEDs have also been used as a medium-quality voltage reference in electronic circuits. The forward voltage drop (e.g. about 1.7 V for a normal red LED) can be used instead of a Zener diode in low-voltage regulators. Red LEDs have the flattest I/V curve above the knee. Nitride-based LEDs have a fairly steep I/V curve an... | What LED has the flattest I/V curve above the knee? | {
"text": [
"Red"
],
"answer_start": [
216
]
} |
57314ace05b4da19006bcfe4 | Light-emitting_diode | LEDs have also been used as a medium-quality voltage reference in electronic circuits. The forward voltage drop (e.g. about 1.7 V for a normal red LED) can be used instead of a Zener diode in low-voltage regulators. Red LEDs have the flattest I/V curve above the knee. Nitride-based LEDs have a fairly steep I/V curve an... | What LEDs have a very steep I/V curve? | {
"text": [
"Nitride-based LEDs"
],
"answer_start": [
269
]
} |
57314ace05b4da19006bcfe5 | Light-emitting_diode | LEDs have also been used as a medium-quality voltage reference in electronic circuits. The forward voltage drop (e.g. about 1.7 V for a normal red LED) can be used instead of a Zener diode in low-voltage regulators. Red LEDs have the flattest I/V curve above the knee. Nitride-based LEDs have a fairly steep I/V curve an... | LED forward voltage is more current-dependent than what diode? | {
"text": [
"Zener"
],
"answer_start": [
418
]
} |
57314ace05b4da19006bcfe6 | Light-emitting_diode | LEDs have also been used as a medium-quality voltage reference in electronic circuits. The forward voltage drop (e.g. about 1.7 V for a normal red LED) can be used instead of a Zener diode in low-voltage regulators. Red LEDs have the flattest I/V curve above the knee. Nitride-based LEDs have a fairly steep I/V curve an... | Zener diodes below what voltage are not widely available? | {
"text": [
"3 V"
],
"answer_start": [
474
]
} |
5730d9eaf6cb411900e244ec | Great_power | The term "great power" was first used to represent the most important powers in Europe during the post-Napoleonic era. The "Great Powers" constituted the "Concert of Europe" and claimed the right to joint enforcement of the postwar treaties. The formalization of the division between small powers and great powers came a... | What was the formalization of the division of small powers and great powers? | {
"text": [
"Treaty of Chaumont"
],
"answer_start": [
349
]
} |
5730d9eaf6cb411900e244ed | Great_power | The term "great power" was first used to represent the most important powers in Europe during the post-Napoleonic era. The "Great Powers" constituted the "Concert of Europe" and claimed the right to joint enforcement of the postwar treaties. The formalization of the division between small powers and great powers came a... | During the post Napoleonic era where were the first Great Powers concentrated? | {
"text": [
"Europe"
],
"answer_start": [
166
]
} |
5730d9eaf6cb411900e244ee | Great_power | The term "great power" was first used to represent the most important powers in Europe during the post-Napoleonic era. The "Great Powers" constituted the "Concert of Europe" and claimed the right to joint enforcement of the postwar treaties. The formalization of the division between small powers and great powers came a... | During what 2 wars was the balance of power shift most dramatic? | {
"text": [
"World War I and World War II"
],
"answer_start": [
477
]
} |
5730d9eaf6cb411900e244ef | Great_power | The term "great power" was first used to represent the most important powers in Europe during the post-Napoleonic era. The "Great Powers" constituted the "Concert of Europe" and claimed the right to joint enforcement of the postwar treaties. The formalization of the division between small powers and great powers came a... | What is another term for Great Power? | {
"text": [
"superpower"
],
"answer_start": [
741
]
} |
5730d9efb54a4f140068ccad | Great_power | A great power is a sovereign state that is recognized as having the ability and expertise to exert its influence on a global scale. Great powers characteristically possess military and economic strength, as well as diplomatic and soft power influence, which may cause middle or small powers to consider the great powers'... | What are the permanent members of UN Security Council? | {
"text": [
"China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom and the United States"
],
"answer_start": [
704
]
} |
5730d9efb54a4f140068ccaf | Great_power | A great power is a sovereign state that is recognized as having the ability and expertise to exert its influence on a global scale. Great powers characteristically possess military and economic strength, as well as diplomatic and soft power influence, which may cause middle or small powers to consider the great powers'... | What 3 factors have international relations theorists considered factors for great power status? | {
"text": [
"power capabilities, spatial aspects, and status dimensions"
],
"answer_start": [
463
]
} |
5730ddeab7151e1900c01590 | Great_power | Early writings on the subject tended to judge states by the realist criterion, as expressed by the historian A. J. P. Taylor when he noted that "The test of a great power is the test of strength for war." Later writers have expanded this test, attempting to define power in terms of overall military, economic, and polit... | Who wrote, "The test of a great power is the test of strength for war."? | {
"text": [
"A. J. P. Taylor"
],
"answer_start": [
109
]
} |
5730ddeab7151e1900c01591 | Great_power | Early writings on the subject tended to judge states by the realist criterion, as expressed by the historian A. J. P. Taylor when he noted that "The test of a great power is the test of strength for war." Later writers have expanded this test, attempting to define power in terms of overall military, economic, and polit... | Whos was the founder of the neorealist theory of international relations? | {
"text": [
"Kenneth Waltz"
],
"answer_start": [
335
]
} |
5730ddeab7151e1900c01593 | Great_power | Early writings on the subject tended to judge states by the realist criterion, as expressed by the historian A. J. P. Taylor when he noted that "The test of a great power is the test of strength for war." Later writers have expanded this test, attempting to define power in terms of overall military, economic, and polit... | What 3 areas can summarize the great power determination? | {
"text": [
"power capabilities, spatial aspects, and status"
],
"answer_start": [
652
]
} |
5730e8d2aca1c71400fe5b4f | Great_power | All states have a geographic scope of interests, actions, or projected power. This is a crucial factor in distinguishing a great power from a regional power; by definition the scope of a regional power is restricted to its region. It has been suggested that a great power should be possessed of actual influence througho... | What do all states have? | {
"text": [
"geographic scope of interests, actions, or projected power"
],
"answer_start": [
18
]
} |
5730e8d2aca1c71400fe5b50 | Great_power | All states have a geographic scope of interests, actions, or projected power. This is a crucial factor in distinguishing a great power from a regional power; by definition the scope of a regional power is restricted to its region. It has been suggested that a great power should be possessed of actual influence througho... | Who stated that "Great power may be defined as a political force exerting an effect co-extensive with the widest range of the society in which it operates. The Great powers of 1914 were 'world-powers"? | {
"text": [
"Arnold J. Toynbee"
],
"answer_start": [
373
]
} |
5730e8d2aca1c71400fe5b51 | Great_power | All states have a geographic scope of interests, actions, or projected power. This is a crucial factor in distinguishing a great power from a regional power; by definition the scope of a regional power is restricted to its region. It has been suggested that a great power should be possessed of actual influence througho... | What type of powers should have actual influence throughout the scope of the prevailing international system? | {
"text": [
"great power"
],
"answer_start": [
260
]
} |
5730e8d2aca1c71400fe5b52 | Great_power | All states have a geographic scope of interests, actions, or projected power. This is a crucial factor in distinguishing a great power from a regional power; by definition the scope of a regional power is restricted to its region. It has been suggested that a great power should be possessed of actual influence througho... | What type of power is restricted to its region? | {
"text": [
"regional power"
],
"answer_start": [
142
]
} |
5731011b05b4da19006bccca | Great_power | Other important criteria throughout history are that great powers should have enough influence to be included in discussions of political and diplomatic questions of the day, and have influence on the final outcome and resolution. Historically, when major political questions were addressed, several great powers met to ... | What discussion should great powers be included on? | {
"text": [
"political and diplomatic questions of the day"
],
"answer_start": [
128
]
} |
5731011b05b4da19006bcccb | Great_power | Other important criteria throughout history are that great powers should have enough influence to be included in discussions of political and diplomatic questions of the day, and have influence on the final outcome and resolution. Historically, when major political questions were addressed, several great powers met to ... | Historically, when would great powers meet? | {
"text": [
"when major political questions were addressed"
],
"answer_start": [
245
]
} |
573104ea497a881900248b01 | Great_power | Lord Castlereagh, the British Foreign Secretary, first used the term in its diplomatic context, in a letter sent on February 13, 1814: "It affords me great satisfaction to acquaint you that there is every prospect of the Congress terminating with a general accord and Guarantee between the Great powers of Europe, with a... | When did Lord Castlereagh first use the term Great Powers? | {
"text": [
"in a letter sent on February 13, 1814"
],
"answer_start": [
96
]
} |
573104ea497a881900248b02 | Great_power | Lord Castlereagh, the British Foreign Secretary, first used the term in its diplomatic context, in a letter sent on February 13, 1814: "It affords me great satisfaction to acquaint you that there is every prospect of the Congress terminating with a general accord and Guarantee between the Great powers of Europe, with a... | What position did Lord Castlereagh hold? | {
"text": [
"British Foreign Secretary"
],
"answer_start": [
22
]
} |
573106b7497a881900248b07 | Great_power | Of the five original great powers recognised at the Congress of Vienna, only France and the United Kingdom have maintained that status continuously to the present day, although France was defeated in the Franco-Prussian War and occupied during World War II. After the Congress of Vienna, the British Empire emerged as th... | What 2 powers named in the 5 orignal great powers of the congress of vienna have maintained that status? | {
"text": [
"only France and the United Kingdom"
],
"answer_start": [
72
]
} |
573106b7497a881900248b08 | Great_power | Of the five original great powers recognised at the Congress of Vienna, only France and the United Kingdom have maintained that status continuously to the present day, although France was defeated in the Franco-Prussian War and occupied during World War II. After the Congress of Vienna, the British Empire emerged as th... | What country lost Franco-Prussian war? | {
"text": [
"France"
],
"answer_start": [
177
]
} |
573106b7497a881900248b09 | Great_power | Of the five original great powers recognised at the Congress of Vienna, only France and the United Kingdom have maintained that status continuously to the present day, although France was defeated in the Franco-Prussian War and occupied during World War II. After the Congress of Vienna, the British Empire emerged as th... | What country emerged as the pre-eminent power, due to its navy and the extent of its territories? | {
"text": [
"British Empire"
],
"answer_start": [
292
]
} |
573106b7497a881900248b0a | Great_power | Of the five original great powers recognised at the Congress of Vienna, only France and the United Kingdom have maintained that status continuously to the present day, although France was defeated in the Franco-Prussian War and occupied during World War II. After the Congress of Vienna, the British Empire emerged as th... | Balance of power of great powers was a major influence on what continents politics? | {
"text": [
"European"
],
"answer_start": [
567
]
} |
573106b7497a881900248b0b | Great_power | Of the five original great powers recognised at the Congress of Vienna, only France and the United Kingdom have maintained that status continuously to the present day, although France was defeated in the Franco-Prussian War and occupied during World War II. After the Congress of Vienna, the British Empire emerged as th... | Who stated that "All politics reduces itself to this formula: try to be one of three, as long as the world is governed by the unstable equilibrium of five great powers.?" | {
"text": [
"Otto von Bismarck"
],
"answer_start": [
596
]
} |
57310a8305b4da19006bcd12 | Great_power | Over time, the relative power of these five nations fluctuated, which by the dawn of the 20th century had served to create an entirely different balance of power. Some, such as the United Kingdom and Prussia (as the founder of the newly formed German state), experienced continued economic growth and political power. Ot... | Was the power of the 5 countries constant? | {
"text": [
"relative power of these five nations fluctuated"
],
"answer_start": [
15
]
} |
57310a8305b4da19006bcd13 | Great_power | Over time, the relative power of these five nations fluctuated, which by the dawn of the 20th century had served to create an entirely different balance of power. Some, such as the United Kingdom and Prussia (as the founder of the newly formed German state), experienced continued economic growth and political power. Ot... | What countries found their economic growth in early 20th century? | {
"text": [
"United Kingdom and Prussia"
],
"answer_start": [
181
]
} |
57310a8305b4da19006bcd14 | Great_power | Over time, the relative power of these five nations fluctuated, which by the dawn of the 20th century had served to create an entirely different balance of power. Some, such as the United Kingdom and Prussia (as the founder of the newly formed German state), experienced continued economic growth and political power. Ot... | Which of the 5 powers were beginning to stagnate in early 20th century? | {
"text": [
"Russia and Austria-Hungary"
],
"answer_start": [
334
]
} |
57310a8305b4da19006bcd15 | Great_power | Over time, the relative power of these five nations fluctuated, which by the dawn of the 20th century had served to create an entirely different balance of power. Some, such as the United Kingdom and Prussia (as the founder of the newly formed German state), experienced continued economic growth and political power. Ot... | What agreement replaced the Congress of Vienna? | {
"text": [
"Eight-Nation Alliance"
],
"answer_start": [
779
]
} |
57310a8305b4da19006bcd16 | Great_power | Over time, the relative power of these five nations fluctuated, which by the dawn of the 20th century had served to create an entirely different balance of power. Some, such as the United Kingdom and Prussia (as the founder of the newly formed German state), experienced continued economic growth and political power. Ot... | What conflict was this agreement in opposition of? | {
"text": [
"Boxer Rebellion in China."
],
"answer_start": [
857
]
} |
57310e2b05b4da19006bcd32 | Great_power | Shifts of international power have most notably occurred through major conflicts. The conclusion of the Great War and the resulting treaties of Versailles, St-Germain, Neuilly, Trianon and Sèvres witnessed the United Kingdom, France, Italy, Japan and the United States as the chief arbiters of the new world order. In th... | What marked the conclusion of The Great War? | {
"text": [
"treaties of Versailles, St-Germain, Neuilly, Trianon and Sèvres"
],
"answer_start": [
132
]
} |
57310e2b05b4da19006bcd33 | Great_power | Shifts of international power have most notably occurred through major conflicts. The conclusion of the Great War and the resulting treaties of Versailles, St-Germain, Neuilly, Trianon and Sèvres witnessed the United Kingdom, France, Italy, Japan and the United States as the chief arbiters of the new world order. In th... | Who were the chief arbiters of the new world order? | {
"text": [
"United Kingdom, France, Italy, Japan and the United States"
],
"answer_start": [
210
]
} |
57310e2b05b4da19006bcd34 | Great_power | Shifts of international power have most notably occurred through major conflicts. The conclusion of the Great War and the resulting treaties of Versailles, St-Germain, Neuilly, Trianon and Sèvres witnessed the United Kingdom, France, Italy, Japan and the United States as the chief arbiters of the new world order. In th... | Who created the Treaty of Versailles? | {
"text": [
"Big Three"
],
"answer_start": [
1205
]
} |
57310e2b05b4da19006bcd35 | Great_power | Shifts of international power have most notably occurred through major conflicts. The conclusion of the Great War and the resulting treaties of Versailles, St-Germain, Neuilly, Trianon and Sèvres witnessed the United Kingdom, France, Italy, Japan and the United States as the chief arbiters of the new world order. In th... | Who were the big four? | {
"text": [
"France, Italy, United Kingdom and the United States"
],
"answer_start": [
546
]
} |
57310f4ae6313a140071cbca | Great_power | The victorious great powers also gained an acknowledgement of their status through permanent seats at the League of Nations Council, where they acted as a type of executive body directing the Assembly of the League. However, the Council began with only four permanent members—the United Kingdom, France, Italy, and Japan... | Who were the four permanent members of the League of Nations Council? | {
"text": [
"United Kingdom, France, Italy, and Japan"
],
"answer_start": [
280
]
} |
57310f4ae6313a140071cbcc | Great_power | The victorious great powers also gained an acknowledgement of their status through permanent seats at the League of Nations Council, where they acted as a type of executive body directing the Assembly of the League. However, the Council began with only four permanent members—the United Kingdom, France, Italy, and Japan... | When did US Senate vote against treaty of versailles ratification? | {
"text": [
"19 March 1920"
],
"answer_start": [
424
]
} |
57310f4ae6313a140071cbcd | Great_power | The victorious great powers also gained an acknowledgement of their status through permanent seats at the League of Nations Council, where they acted as a type of executive body directing the Assembly of the League. However, the Council began with only four permanent members—the United Kingdom, France, Italy, and Japan... | What organiztion acted as acknowledgement of status of great powers? | {
"text": [
"League of Nations Council"
],
"answer_start": [
106
]
} |
573113f5e6313a140071cbfe | Great_power | When World War II started in 1939, it divided the world into two alliances—the Allies (the United Kingdom and France at first in Europe, China in Asia since 1937, followed in 1941 by the Soviet Union, the United States); and the Axis powers consisting of Germany, Italy and Japan.[nb 1] During World War II, the United S... | When did World War II start? | {
"text": [
"1939"
],
"answer_start": [
29
]
} |
573113f5e6313a140071cbff | Great_power | When World War II started in 1939, it divided the world into two alliances—the Allies (the United Kingdom and France at first in Europe, China in Asia since 1937, followed in 1941 by the Soviet Union, the United States); and the Axis powers consisting of Germany, Italy and Japan.[nb 1] During World War II, the United S... | How many groups were involved in conflict of World War II? | {
"text": [
"two alliances"
],
"answer_start": [
61
]
} |
573113f5e6313a140071cc00 | Great_power | When World War II started in 1939, it divided the world into two alliances—the Allies (the United Kingdom and France at first in Europe, China in Asia since 1937, followed in 1941 by the Soviet Union, the United States); and the Axis powers consisting of Germany, Italy and Japan.[nb 1] During World War II, the United S... | Who made up the Axis powers? | {
"text": [
"Germany, Italy and Japan"
],
"answer_start": [
255
]
} |
573113f5e6313a140071cc01 | Great_power | When World War II started in 1939, it divided the world into two alliances—the Allies (the United Kingdom and France at first in Europe, China in Asia since 1937, followed in 1941 by the Soviet Union, the United States); and the Axis powers consisting of Germany, Italy and Japan.[nb 1] During World War II, the United S... | Who were the winners of World War II? | {
"text": [
"Allies"
],
"answer_start": [
660
]
} |
573113f5e6313a140071cc02 | Great_power | When World War II started in 1939, it divided the world into two alliances—the Allies (the United Kingdom and France at first in Europe, China in Asia since 1937, followed in 1941 by the Soviet Union, the United States); and the Axis powers consisting of Germany, Italy and Japan.[nb 1] During World War II, the United S... | The winners of World War II along with France were allotted permanent seats for what organization? | {
"text": [
"United Nations Security Council"
],
"answer_start": [
869
]
} |
5731173ce6313a140071cc2b | Great_power | Since the end of the World Wars, the term "great power" has been joined by a number of other power classifications. Foremost among these is the concept of the superpower, used to describe those nations with overwhelming power and influence in the rest of the world. It was first coined in 1944 by William T.R. Fox and ac... | Who first used the term superpower? | {
"text": [
"William T.R. Fox"
],
"answer_start": [
297
]
} |
5731173ce6313a140071cc2c | Great_power | Since the end of the World Wars, the term "great power" has been joined by a number of other power classifications. Foremost among these is the concept of the superpower, used to describe those nations with overwhelming power and influence in the rest of the world. It was first coined in 1944 by William T.R. Fox and ac... | Who were the three original superpowers? | {
"text": [
"British Empire, the United States, and the Soviet Union"
],
"answer_start": [
370
]
} |
5731173ce6313a140071cc2d | Great_power | Since the end of the World Wars, the term "great power" has been joined by a number of other power classifications. Foremost among these is the concept of the superpower, used to describe those nations with overwhelming power and influence in the rest of the world. It was first coined in 1944 by William T.R. Fox and ac... | Who lost their superpower status in 1950s? | {
"text": [
"British Empire"
],
"answer_start": [
452
]
} |
57311bd5e6313a140071cc3e | Great_power | During the Cold War, the Asian power of Japan and the European powers of the United Kingdom, France, and West Germany rebuilt their economies. France and the United Kingdom maintained technologically advanced armed forces with power projection capabilities and maintain large defence budgets to this day. Yet, as the Col... | During the cold war, what European powers rebuilt their ecomonies? | {
"text": [
"United Kingdom, France, and West Germany"
],
"answer_start": [
77
]
} |
57311bd5e6313a140071cc3f | Great_power | During the Cold War, the Asian power of Japan and the European powers of the United Kingdom, France, and West Germany rebuilt their economies. France and the United Kingdom maintained technologically advanced armed forces with power projection capabilities and maintain large defence budgets to this day. Yet, as the Col... | By what year was China beginning to lose its hold as sole legitimate government? | {
"text": [
"1949"
],
"answer_start": [
618
]
} |
57311bd5e6313a140071cc40 | Great_power | During the Cold War, the Asian power of Japan and the European powers of the United Kingdom, France, and West Germany rebuilt their economies. France and the United Kingdom maintained technologically advanced armed forces with power projection capabilities and maintain large defence budgets to this day. Yet, as the Col... | When did China lose its permanent seat at UN security council? | {
"text": [
"1971"
],
"answer_start": [
808
]
} |
57311dbaa5e9cc1400cdbc2f | Great_power | According to Joshua Baron – a "researcher, lecturer, and consultant on international conflict" – since the early 1960s direct military conflicts and major confrontations have "receded into the background" with regards to relations among the great powers. Baron argues several reasons why this is the case, citing the unp... | Since what time has military conflicts receded? | {
"text": [
"1960s"
],
"answer_start": [
113
]
} |
57311dbaa5e9cc1400cdbc30 | Great_power | According to Joshua Baron – a "researcher, lecturer, and consultant on international conflict" – since the early 1960s direct military conflicts and major confrontations have "receded into the background" with regards to relations among the great powers. Baron argues several reasons why this is the case, citing the unp... | What country has risen above other superpowers? | {
"text": [
"United States"
],
"answer_start": [
343
]
} |
57311dbaa5e9cc1400cdbc31 | Great_power | According to Joshua Baron – a "researcher, lecturer, and consultant on international conflict" – since the early 1960s direct military conflicts and major confrontations have "receded into the background" with regards to relations among the great powers. Baron argues several reasons why this is the case, citing the unp... | Since what century has there always been parity in powers? | {
"text": [
"modern era (the 16th century)"
],
"answer_start": [
666
]
} |
57311dbaa5e9cc1400cdbc32 | Great_power | According to Joshua Baron – a "researcher, lecturer, and consultant on international conflict" – since the early 1960s direct military conflicts and major confrontations have "receded into the background" with regards to relations among the great powers. Baron argues several reasons why this is the case, citing the unp... | Who's primacy has factored into maintaining peace among powers? | {
"text": [
"American"
],
"answer_start": [
805
]
} |
5731200be6313a140071cc5a | Great_power | Another important factor is the apparent consensus among Western great powers that military force is no longer an effective tool of resolving disputes among their peers. This "subset" of great powers – France, Germany, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States – consider maintaining a "state of peace" as desirabl... | What formerly effective tool for international disputes is no longer effective among peer powers? | {
"text": [
"military force"
],
"answer_start": [
83
]
} |
5731200be6313a140071cc5b | Great_power | Another important factor is the apparent consensus among Western great powers that military force is no longer an effective tool of resolving disputes among their peers. This "subset" of great powers – France, Germany, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States – consider maintaining a "state of peace" as desirabl... | What great powers have maintained peace? | {
"text": [
"France, Germany, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States"
],
"answer_start": [
202
]
} |
5731200be6313a140071cc5c | Great_power | Another important factor is the apparent consensus among Western great powers that military force is no longer an effective tool of resolving disputes among their peers. This "subset" of great powers – France, Germany, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States – consider maintaining a "state of peace" as desirabl... | Where have the powers maintained peace in recent years? | {
"text": [
"United Nations and other forums"
],
"answer_start": [
517
]
} |
5731200be6313a140071cc5d | Great_power | Another important factor is the apparent consensus among Western great powers that military force is no longer an effective tool of resolving disputes among their peers. This "subset" of great powers – France, Germany, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States – consider maintaining a "state of peace" as desirabl... | What was the last crisis during cold war to escalate world powers? | {
"text": [
"Cuban missile crisis (1962"
],
"answer_start": [
366
]
} |
573121fca5e9cc1400cdbc63 | Great_power | China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom and the United States are often referred to as great powers by academics due to "their political and economic dominance of the global arena". These five nations are the only states to have permanent seats with veto power on the UN Security Council. They are also the only recogn... | What countries are recognized as Nuclear Weapons States? | {
"text": [
"China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom and the United States"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
573121fca5e9cc1400cdbc64 | Great_power | China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom and the United States are often referred to as great powers by academics due to "their political and economic dominance of the global arena". These five nations are the only states to have permanent seats with veto power on the UN Security Council. They are also the only recogn... | How many countries are permanent seats on the UN Security Council? | {
"text": [
"five"
],
"answer_start": [
190
]
} |
573121fca5e9cc1400cdbc65 | Great_power | China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom and the United States are often referred to as great powers by academics due to "their political and economic dominance of the global arena". These five nations are the only states to have permanent seats with veto power on the UN Security Council. They are also the only recogn... | What other countries are referred to as middle powers? | {
"text": [
"China, France, Russia and the United Kingdom"
],
"answer_start": [
659
]
} |
573121fca5e9cc1400cdbc66 | Great_power | China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom and the United States are often referred to as great powers by academics due to "their political and economic dominance of the global arena". These five nations are the only states to have permanent seats with veto power on the UN Security Council. They are also the only recogn... | What treaty addresses nuclear weapons? | {
"text": [
"Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty"
],
"answer_start": [
360
]
} |
573122cea5e9cc1400cdbc7f | Great_power | Japan and Germany are great powers too, though due to their large advanced economies (having the third and fourth largest economies respectively) rather than their strategic and hard power capabilities (i.e., the lack of permanent seats and veto power on the UN Security Council or strategic military reach). Germany has... | What countries are great powers mostly based on economic reasons? | {
"text": [
"Japan and Germany"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
573122cea5e9cc1400cdbc80 | Great_power | Japan and Germany are great powers too, though due to their large advanced economies (having the third and fourth largest economies respectively) rather than their strategic and hard power capabilities (i.e., the lack of permanent seats and veto power on the UN Security Council or strategic military reach). Germany has... | Due to lack of strategic and hard power, countries are excluded from what? | {
"text": [
"UN Security Council"
],
"answer_start": [
259
]
} |
573122cea5e9cc1400cdbc81 | Great_power | Japan and Germany are great powers too, though due to their large advanced economies (having the third and fourth largest economies respectively) rather than their strategic and hard power capabilities (i.e., the lack of permanent seats and veto power on the UN Security Council or strategic military reach). Germany has... | What is the name for the grouping of countries of China, France, Russia and the United Kingdom; Germany and Japan? | {
"text": [
"middle powers"
],
"answer_start": [
530
]
} |
5731239605b4da19006bcde6 | Great_power | In addition to those contemporary great powers mentioned above, Zbigniew Brzezinski and Malik Mohan consider India to be a great power too. Although unlike the contemporary great powers who have long been considered so, India's recognition among authorities as a great power is comparatively recent. However, there is no... | Zbigniew Brzezinski and Malik Mohan consider what country to be a great power too? | {
"text": [
"India"
],
"answer_start": [
109
]
} |
5731239605b4da19006bcde7 | Great_power | In addition to those contemporary great powers mentioned above, Zbigniew Brzezinski and Malik Mohan consider India to be a great power too. Although unlike the contemporary great powers who have long been considered so, India's recognition among authorities as a great power is comparatively recent. However, there is no... | Many academics debate the status of this country as a power? | {
"text": [
"India"
],
"answer_start": [
220
]
} |
5731239605b4da19006bcde8 | Great_power | In addition to those contemporary great powers mentioned above, Zbigniew Brzezinski and Malik Mohan consider India to be a great power too. Although unlike the contemporary great powers who have long been considered so, India's recognition among authorities as a great power is comparatively recent. However, there is no... | Is there agreement on the status of all powers? | {
"text": [
"no collective agreement"
],
"answer_start": [
318
]
} |
57312538e6313a140071cc7e | Great_power | Milena Sterio, American expert of international law, includes the former axis powers (Germany, Italy and Japan) and India among the great powers along with the permanent members of the UNSC. She considers Germany, Japan and Italy to be great powers due to their G7 membership and because of their influence in regional a... | Milena Sterio includes what former axis powers among great powers? | {
"text": [
"Germany, Italy and Japan"
],
"answer_start": [
86
]
} |
57312538e6313a140071cc7f | Great_power | Milena Sterio, American expert of international law, includes the former axis powers (Germany, Italy and Japan) and India among the great powers along with the permanent members of the UNSC. She considers Germany, Japan and Italy to be great powers due to their G7 membership and because of their influence in regional a... | What emerging power is considered a great power? | {
"text": [
"India"
],
"answer_start": [
116
]
} |
57312538e6313a140071cc80 | Great_power | Milena Sterio, American expert of international law, includes the former axis powers (Germany, Italy and Japan) and India among the great powers along with the permanent members of the UNSC. She considers Germany, Japan and Italy to be great powers due to their G7 membership and because of their influence in regional a... | What G7 members are among great powers? | {
"text": [
"Germany, Japan and Italy"
],
"answer_start": [
205
]
} |
57312538e6313a140071cc81 | Great_power | Milena Sterio, American expert of international law, includes the former axis powers (Germany, Italy and Japan) and India among the great powers along with the permanent members of the UNSC. She considers Germany, Japan and Italy to be great powers due to their G7 membership and because of their influence in regional a... | Which country is debated as intermittent and/or least of great powers? | {
"text": [
"Italy"
],
"answer_start": [
427
]
} |
573126ae05b4da19006bcdf4 | Great_power | With continuing European integration, the European Union is increasingly being seen as a great power in its own right, with representation at the WTO and at G8 and G-20 summits. This is most notable in areas where the European Union has exclusive competence (i.e. economic affairs). It also reflects a non-traditional co... | What organization is often seen as a great power in addition to member counties? | {
"text": [
"European Union"
],
"answer_start": [
42
]
} |
573126ae05b4da19006bcdf5 | Great_power | With continuing European integration, the European Union is increasingly being seen as a great power in its own right, with representation at the WTO and at G8 and G-20 summits. This is most notable in areas where the European Union has exclusive competence (i.e. economic affairs). It also reflects a non-traditional co... | What other tools are used as alternative to military force? | {
"text": [
"trade and diplomacy"
],
"answer_start": [
443
]
} |
573126ae05b4da19006bcdf6 | Great_power | With continuing European integration, the European Union is increasingly being seen as a great power in its own right, with representation at the WTO and at G8 and G-20 summits. This is most notable in areas where the European Union has exclusive competence (i.e. economic affairs). It also reflects a non-traditional co... | How many great powers are members of Europian Union? | {
"text": [
"three"
],
"answer_start": [
735
]
} |
573126ae05b4da19006bcdf7 | Great_power | With continuing European integration, the European Union is increasingly being seen as a great power in its own right, with representation at the WTO and at G8 and G-20 summits. This is most notable in areas where the European Union has exclusive competence (i.e. economic affairs). It also reflects a non-traditional co... | What summits does EU have membership? | {
"text": [
"WTO and at G8 and G-20"
],
"answer_start": [
146
]
} |
573127a7497a881900248bdd | Great_power | Referring to great power relations pre-1960, Joshua Baron highlights that starting from around the 16th century and the rise of several European great powers, military conflicts and confrontations was the defining characteristic of diplomacy and relations between such powers. "Between 1500 and 1953, there were 64 wars ... | How many wars occured between 1500s and 1953? | {
"text": [
"64"
],
"answer_start": [
312
]
} |
573127a7497a881900248bde | Great_power | Referring to great power relations pre-1960, Joshua Baron highlights that starting from around the 16th century and the rise of several European great powers, military conflicts and confrontations was the defining characteristic of diplomacy and relations between such powers. "Between 1500 and 1953, there were 64 wars ... | For bout how many years was an average of one great power fighting another each year? | {
"text": [
"450"
],
"answer_start": [
454
]
} |
573127a7497a881900248bdf | Great_power | Referring to great power relations pre-1960, Joshua Baron highlights that starting from around the 16th century and the rise of several European great powers, military conflicts and confrontations was the defining characteristic of diplomacy and relations between such powers. "Between 1500 and 1953, there were 64 wars ... | What country had the most conflicts from 1500s through mid 20th century? | {
"text": [
"UK"
],
"answer_start": [
836
]
} |
573127a7497a881900248be0 | Great_power | Referring to great power relations pre-1960, Joshua Baron highlights that starting from around the 16th century and the rise of several European great powers, military conflicts and confrontations was the defining characteristic of diplomacy and relations between such powers. "Between 1500 and 1953, there were 64 wars ... | What span was the Pax Britannica? | {
"text": [
"between 1815 and 1914"
],
"answer_start": [
629
]
} |
5730ed42497a881900248a67 | Bird | Birds (Aves) are a group of endothermic vertebrates, characterised by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a lightweight but strong skeleton. Birds live worldwide and range in size from the 5 cm (2 in) bee hummingbird to the 2.75 m (9 ft) o... | What is a group of endothermic vertebrates characterised by feathers and toothless beaked jaws? | {
"text": [
"Birds"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
5730ed42497a881900248a68 | Bird | Birds (Aves) are a group of endothermic vertebrates, characterised by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a lightweight but strong skeleton. Birds live worldwide and range in size from the 5 cm (2 in) bee hummingbird to the 2.75 m (9 ft) o... | What is the smallest bird? | {
"text": [
"bee hummingbird"
],
"answer_start": [
282
]
} |
5730ed42497a881900248a69 | Bird | Birds (Aves) are a group of endothermic vertebrates, characterised by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a lightweight but strong skeleton. Birds live worldwide and range in size from the 5 cm (2 in) bee hummingbird to the 2.75 m (9 ft) o... | What is the largest bird? | {
"text": [
"ostrich"
],
"answer_start": [
319
]
} |
5730ed42497a881900248a6a | Bird | Birds (Aves) are a group of endothermic vertebrates, characterised by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a lightweight but strong skeleton. Birds live worldwide and range in size from the 5 cm (2 in) bee hummingbird to the 2.75 m (9 ft) o... | What is the size of the smallest bird? | {
"text": [
"5 cm (2 in)"
],
"answer_start": [
270
]
} |
5730ed42497a881900248a6b | Bird | Birds (Aves) are a group of endothermic vertebrates, characterised by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a lightweight but strong skeleton. Birds live worldwide and range in size from the 5 cm (2 in) bee hummingbird to the 2.75 m (9 ft) o... | What is the size of the largest bird? | {
"text": [
"2.75 m (9 ft)"
],
"answer_start": [
305
]
} |
5730ed91a5e9cc1400cdbafb | Bird | The fossil record indicates that birds are the last surviving dinosaurs, having evolved from feathered ancestors within the theropod group of saurischian dinosaurs. True birds first appeared during the Cretaceous period, around 100 million years ago. DNA-based evidence finds that birds diversified dramatically around t... | What are the last surviving dinosaurs, according o the fossil record? | {
"text": [
"birds"
],
"answer_start": [
33
]
} |
5730ed91a5e9cc1400cdbafc | Bird | The fossil record indicates that birds are the last surviving dinosaurs, having evolved from feathered ancestors within the theropod group of saurischian dinosaurs. True birds first appeared during the Cretaceous period, around 100 million years ago. DNA-based evidence finds that birds diversified dramatically around t... | When did true birds first appear? | {
"text": [
"Cretaceous period"
],
"answer_start": [
202
]
} |
5730ed91a5e9cc1400cdbafd | Bird | The fossil record indicates that birds are the last surviving dinosaurs, having evolved from feathered ancestors within the theropod group of saurischian dinosaurs. True birds first appeared during the Cretaceous period, around 100 million years ago. DNA-based evidence finds that birds diversified dramatically around t... | Name an example of an early stem-bird. | {
"text": [
"Archaeopteryx"
],
"answer_start": [
772
]
} |
5730ee0ce6313a140071cac0 | Bird | Birds have wings which are more or less developed depending on the species; the only known groups without wings are the extinct moas and elephant birds. Wings, which evolved from forelimbs, give most birds the ability to fly, although further speciation has led to some flightless birds, including ratites, penguins, and... | What makes birds uniquely adapted for flight? | {
"text": [
"digestive and respiratory systems"
],
"answer_start": [
366
]
} |
5730ee0ce6313a140071cac1 | Bird | Birds have wings which are more or less developed depending on the species; the only known groups without wings are the extinct moas and elephant birds. Wings, which evolved from forelimbs, give most birds the ability to fly, although further speciation has led to some flightless birds, including ratites, penguins, and... | What type of bird particularly played an important part in the inception of Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection? | {
"text": [
"Darwin's finches"
],
"answer_start": [
632
]
} |
5730ee0ce6313a140071cac2 | Bird | Birds have wings which are more or less developed depending on the species; the only known groups without wings are the extinct moas and elephant birds. Wings, which evolved from forelimbs, give most birds the ability to fly, although further speciation has led to some flightless birds, including ratites, penguins, and... | Which part of the bird developed from forelimbs? | {
"text": [
"Wings"
],
"answer_start": [
153
]
} |
5730ef7ca5e9cc1400cdbb0d | Bird | Some birds, especially corvids and parrots, are among the most intelligent animals; several bird species make and use tools, and many social species pass on knowledge across generations, which is considered a form of culture. Many species annually migrate great distances. Birds are social, communicating with visual sig... | Which type of birds are among the most intelligent animals? | {
"text": [
"corvids and parrots"
],
"answer_start": [
23
]
} |
5730ef7ca5e9cc1400cdbb0e | Bird | Some birds, especially corvids and parrots, are among the most intelligent animals; several bird species make and use tools, and many social species pass on knowledge across generations, which is considered a form of culture. Many species annually migrate great distances. Birds are social, communicating with visual sig... | How to birds produce offspring? | {
"text": [
"by laying eggs which are fertilized through sexual reproduction"
],
"answer_start": [
738
]
} |
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