id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringlengths 3 59 | context stringlengths 151 3.71k | question stringlengths 12 217 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|
57333d75d058e614000b57a8 | Portugal | The early history of Portugal is shared with the rest of the Iberian Peninsula located in South Western Europe. The name of Portugal derives from the joined Romano-Celtic name Portus Cale. The region was settled by Pre-Celts and Celts, giving origin to peoples like the Gallaeci, Lusitanians, Celtici and Cynetes, visite... | From what old Germanic word is Alenquer originate? | {
"text": [
"Alankerk"
],
"answer_start": [
646
]
} |
57333e3fd058e614000b57b4 | Portugal | In 27 BC, Lusitania gained the status of Roman province. Later, a northern province of Lusitania was formed, known as Gallaecia, with capital in Bracara Augusta, today's Braga. There are still many ruins of castros (hill forts) all over modern Portugal and remains of Castro culture. Numerous Roman sites are scattered a... | In what year did Lusitania become a Roman province? | {
"text": [
"27 BC"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
57333e3fd058e614000b57b5 | Portugal | In 27 BC, Lusitania gained the status of Roman province. Later, a northern province of Lusitania was formed, known as Gallaecia, with capital in Bracara Augusta, today's Braga. There are still many ruins of castros (hill forts) all over modern Portugal and remains of Castro culture. Numerous Roman sites are scattered a... | What was the Northern province of Lusitania known as? | {
"text": [
"Gallaecia"
],
"answer_start": [
118
]
} |
57333e3fd058e614000b57b6 | Portugal | In 27 BC, Lusitania gained the status of Roman province. Later, a northern province of Lusitania was formed, known as Gallaecia, with capital in Bracara Augusta, today's Braga. There are still many ruins of castros (hill forts) all over modern Portugal and remains of Castro culture. Numerous Roman sites are scattered a... | What are castros? | {
"text": [
"hill forts"
],
"answer_start": [
216
]
} |
57333e3fd058e614000b57b7 | Portugal | In 27 BC, Lusitania gained the status of Roman province. Later, a northern province of Lusitania was formed, known as Gallaecia, with capital in Bracara Augusta, today's Braga. There are still many ruins of castros (hill forts) all over modern Portugal and remains of Castro culture. Numerous Roman sites are scattered a... | What are two large Roman sites that still exist today in Portugal? | {
"text": [
"Conímbriga and Mirobriga"
],
"answer_start": [
389
]
} |
57333e3fd058e614000b57b8 | Portugal | In 27 BC, Lusitania gained the status of Roman province. Later, a northern province of Lusitania was formed, known as Gallaecia, with capital in Bracara Augusta, today's Braga. There are still many ruins of castros (hill forts) all over modern Portugal and remains of Castro culture. Numerous Roman sites are scattered a... | How far apart are Conimbriga and Coimbra? | {
"text": [
"16 km"
],
"answer_start": [
549
]
} |
57333f25d058e614000b57be | Portugal | After defeating the Visigoths in only a few months, the Umayyad Caliphate started expanding rapidly in the peninsula. Beginning in 711, the land that is now Portugal became part of the vast Umayyad Caliphate's empire of Damascus, which stretched from the Indus river in the Indian sub-continent (now Pakistan) up to the ... | How long did it take the Umayyad Caliphate to defeat the Visigoths? | {
"text": [
"a few months"
],
"answer_start": [
38
]
} |
57333f25d058e614000b57bf | Portugal | After defeating the Visigoths in only a few months, the Umayyad Caliphate started expanding rapidly in the peninsula. Beginning in 711, the land that is now Portugal became part of the vast Umayyad Caliphate's empire of Damascus, which stretched from the Indus river in the Indian sub-continent (now Pakistan) up to the ... | In what year did Portugal become a part of Umayyad Caliphate's empire? | {
"text": [
"711"
],
"answer_start": [
131
]
} |
57333f25d058e614000b57c0 | Portugal | After defeating the Visigoths in only a few months, the Umayyad Caliphate started expanding rapidly in the peninsula. Beginning in 711, the land that is now Portugal became part of the vast Umayyad Caliphate's empire of Damascus, which stretched from the Indus river in the Indian sub-continent (now Pakistan) up to the ... | In which year did Umayyad Caliphate's empire collapse? | {
"text": [
"750"
],
"answer_start": [
359
]
} |
57333f25d058e614000b57c1 | Portugal | After defeating the Visigoths in only a few months, the Umayyad Caliphate started expanding rapidly in the peninsula. Beginning in 711, the land that is now Portugal became part of the vast Umayyad Caliphate's empire of Damascus, which stretched from the Indus river in the Indian sub-continent (now Pakistan) up to the ... | Under whom did the Western part of Umayyad Caliphate's empire gain its independence? | {
"text": [
"Abd-ar-Rahman"
],
"answer_start": [
427
]
} |
57333f25d058e614000b57c2 | Portugal | After defeating the Visigoths in only a few months, the Umayyad Caliphate started expanding rapidly in the peninsula. Beginning in 711, the land that is now Portugal became part of the vast Umayyad Caliphate's empire of Damascus, which stretched from the Indus river in the Indian sub-continent (now Pakistan) up to the ... | How long did it take the Emirate to become the Caliphate of Codoba? | {
"text": [
"almost two centuries"
],
"answer_start": [
499
]
} |
57334124d058e614000b57dc | Portugal | The governors of the taifas each proclaimed themselves Emir of their provinces and established diplomatic relations with the Christian kingdoms of the north. Most of Portugal fell into the hands of the Taifa of Badajoz of the Aftasid Dynasty, and after a short spell of an ephemeral Taifa of Lisbon in 1022, fell under t... | What were the governors of the taifas called? | {
"text": [
"Emir"
],
"answer_start": [
55
]
} |
57334124d058e614000b57dd | Portugal | The governors of the taifas each proclaimed themselves Emir of their provinces and established diplomatic relations with the Christian kingdoms of the north. Most of Portugal fell into the hands of the Taifa of Badajoz of the Aftasid Dynasty, and after a short spell of an ephemeral Taifa of Lisbon in 1022, fell under t... | Which which kingdoms did the taifas establish diplomatic relations? | {
"text": [
"the Christian kingdoms of the north"
],
"answer_start": [
121
]
} |
57334124d058e614000b57de | Portugal | The governors of the taifas each proclaimed themselves Emir of their provinces and established diplomatic relations with the Christian kingdoms of the north. Most of Portugal fell into the hands of the Taifa of Badajoz of the Aftasid Dynasty, and after a short spell of an ephemeral Taifa of Lisbon in 1022, fell under t... | To which taifa did most of Portugal fall into? | {
"text": [
"Taifa of Badajoz"
],
"answer_start": [
202
]
} |
57334124d058e614000b57df | Portugal | The governors of the taifas each proclaimed themselves Emir of their provinces and established diplomatic relations with the Christian kingdoms of the north. Most of Portugal fell into the hands of the Taifa of Badajoz of the Aftasid Dynasty, and after a short spell of an ephemeral Taifa of Lisbon in 1022, fell under t... | In which year did the taifa period end? | {
"text": [
"1086"
],
"answer_start": [
463
]
} |
57334124d058e614000b57e0 | Portugal | The governors of the taifas each proclaimed themselves Emir of their provinces and established diplomatic relations with the Christian kingdoms of the north. Most of Portugal fell into the hands of the Taifa of Badajoz of the Aftasid Dynasty, and after a short spell of an ephemeral Taifa of Lisbon in 1022, fell under t... | Which battle took place in 1147? | {
"text": [
"Battle of Sagrajas"
],
"answer_start": [
502
]
} |
573341b6d058e614000b57e6 | Portugal | The Muslim population of the region consisted mainly of native Iberian converts to Islam (the so-called Muwallad or Muladi) and to a lesser extent Berbers and Arabs. The Arabs were principally noblemen from Oman; and though few in numbers, they constituted the elite of the population. The Berbers were originally from t... | What are converts to Islam called? | {
"text": [
"Muwallad or Muladi"
],
"answer_start": [
104
]
} |
573341b6d058e614000b57e7 | Portugal | The Muslim population of the region consisted mainly of native Iberian converts to Islam (the so-called Muwallad or Muladi) and to a lesser extent Berbers and Arabs. The Arabs were principally noblemen from Oman; and though few in numbers, they constituted the elite of the population. The Berbers were originally from t... | Who did the Arabs principally consist of? | {
"text": [
"noblemen from Oman"
],
"answer_start": [
193
]
} |
573341b6d058e614000b57e8 | Portugal | The Muslim population of the region consisted mainly of native Iberian converts to Islam (the so-called Muwallad or Muladi) and to a lesser extent Berbers and Arabs. The Arabs were principally noblemen from Oman; and though few in numbers, they constituted the elite of the population. The Berbers were originally from t... | Where were the Berbers originally from? | {
"text": [
"Atlas mountains and Rif mountains of North Africa"
],
"answer_start": [
323
]
} |
573341b6d058e614000b57e9 | Portugal | The Muslim population of the region consisted mainly of native Iberian converts to Islam (the so-called Muwallad or Muladi) and to a lesser extent Berbers and Arabs. The Arabs were principally noblemen from Oman; and though few in numbers, they constituted the elite of the population. The Berbers were originally from t... | In which region of Portugal did the Muslim population stay? | {
"text": [
"Algarve region, and south of the Tagus"
],
"answer_start": [
494
]
} |
573341b6d058e614000b57ea | Portugal | The Muslim population of the region consisted mainly of native Iberian converts to Islam (the so-called Muwallad or Muladi) and to a lesser extent Berbers and Arabs. The Arabs were principally noblemen from Oman; and though few in numbers, they constituted the elite of the population. The Berbers were originally from t... | How many modern Portugese words have Arabic origins? | {
"text": [
"800"
],
"answer_start": [
565
]
} |
5733429d4776f419006607c9 | Portugal | Pelayos' plan was to use the Cantabrian mountains as a place of refuge and protection from the invading Moors. He then aimed to regroup the Iberian Peninsula's Christian armies and use the Cantabrian mountains as a springboard from which to regain their lands from the Moors. In the process, after defeating the Moors in... | Against which group of people was Pelayos fighting? | {
"text": [
"Moors"
],
"answer_start": [
269
]
} |
5733429d4776f419006607ca | Portugal | Pelayos' plan was to use the Cantabrian mountains as a place of refuge and protection from the invading Moors. He then aimed to regroup the Iberian Peninsula's Christian armies and use the Cantabrian mountains as a springboard from which to regain their lands from the Moors. In the process, after defeating the Moors in... | In which battle did Pelayos defeat the Moors? | {
"text": [
"Battle of Covadonga"
],
"answer_start": [
325
]
} |
5733429d4776f419006607cb | Portugal | Pelayos' plan was to use the Cantabrian mountains as a place of refuge and protection from the invading Moors. He then aimed to regroup the Iberian Peninsula's Christian armies and use the Cantabrian mountains as a springboard from which to regain their lands from the Moors. In the process, after defeating the Moors in... | In which year was Pelayos proclaimed king? | {
"text": [
"722 AD"
],
"answer_start": [
348
]
} |
5733429d4776f419006607cc | Portugal | Pelayos' plan was to use the Cantabrian mountains as a place of refuge and protection from the invading Moors. He then aimed to regroup the Iberian Peninsula's Christian armies and use the Cantabrian mountains as a springboard from which to regain their lands from the Moors. In the process, after defeating the Moors in... | What was the war of Christian reconquest, started by Pelayos, known as in Portugese? | {
"text": [
"Reconquista Cristã"
],
"answer_start": [
505
]
} |
5733445dd058e614000b5804 | Portugal | After annexing the County of Portugal into one of the several counties that made up the Kingdom of Asturias, King Alfonso III of Asturias knighted Vimara Peres, in 868 AD, as the First Count of Portus Cale (Portugal). The region became known as Portucale, Portugale, and simultaneously Portugália — the County of Portuga... | Who annexed the County of Portugal into the Kingdom of Asturias? | {
"text": [
"King Alfonso III"
],
"answer_start": [
109
]
} |
5733445dd058e614000b5805 | Portugal | After annexing the County of Portugal into one of the several counties that made up the Kingdom of Asturias, King Alfonso III of Asturias knighted Vimara Peres, in 868 AD, as the First Count of Portus Cale (Portugal). The region became known as Portucale, Portugale, and simultaneously Portugália — the County of Portuga... | In which year was Vimara Peres knighted? | {
"text": [
"868 AD"
],
"answer_start": [
164
]
} |
5733445dd058e614000b5806 | Portugal | After annexing the County of Portugal into one of the several counties that made up the Kingdom of Asturias, King Alfonso III of Asturias knighted Vimara Peres, in 868 AD, as the First Count of Portus Cale (Portugal). The region became known as Portucale, Portugale, and simultaneously Portugália — the County of Portuga... | What was Vimara knighted as? | {
"text": [
"First Count of Portus Cale"
],
"answer_start": [
179
]
} |
5733445dd058e614000b5807 | Portugal | After annexing the County of Portugal into one of the several counties that made up the Kingdom of Asturias, King Alfonso III of Asturias knighted Vimara Peres, in 868 AD, as the First Count of Portus Cale (Portugal). The region became known as Portucale, Portugale, and simultaneously Portugália — the County of Portuga... | What three names did Portugal become known as after Vimara Peres was knighted? | {
"text": [
"Portucale, Portugale, and simultaneously Portugália"
],
"answer_start": [
245
]
} |
5733445dd058e614000b5808 | Portugal | After annexing the County of Portugal into one of the several counties that made up the Kingdom of Asturias, King Alfonso III of Asturias knighted Vimara Peres, in 868 AD, as the First Count of Portus Cale (Portugal). The region became known as Portucale, Portugale, and simultaneously Portugália — the County of Portuga... | Why was the Kingdom of Asturias divided? | {
"text": [
"dynastic divisions of inheritance among the kings offspring"
],
"answer_start": [
426
]
} |
57334596d058e614000b5818 | Portugal | A year before Alfonso III "the Great" of Asturias death, three of Alfonso's sons rose in rebellion and forced him to abdicate, partitioning the kingdom among them. The eldest son, García, became king of León. The second son, Ordoño, reigned in Galicia, while the third, Fruela, received Asturias with Oviedo as his capit... | Who was the eldest son of Alfonso III and what did he become king of? | {
"text": [
"García, became king of León"
],
"answer_start": [
180
]
} |
57334596d058e614000b5819 | Portugal | A year before Alfonso III "the Great" of Asturias death, three of Alfonso's sons rose in rebellion and forced him to abdicate, partitioning the kingdom among them. The eldest son, García, became king of León. The second son, Ordoño, reigned in Galicia, while the third, Fruela, received Asturias with Oviedo as his capit... | Who was the second son of Alfonso III and what did he become king of? | {
"text": [
"Ordoño, reigned in Galicia"
],
"answer_start": [
225
]
} |
57334596d058e614000b581a | Portugal | A year before Alfonso III "the Great" of Asturias death, three of Alfonso's sons rose in rebellion and forced him to abdicate, partitioning the kingdom among them. The eldest son, García, became king of León. The second son, Ordoño, reigned in Galicia, while the third, Fruela, received Asturias with Oviedo as his capit... | Who was Alfonso III's third son and what area did he receive? | {
"text": [
"Fruela, received Asturias with Oviedo as his capital"
],
"answer_start": [
270
]
} |
57334596d058e614000b581b | Portugal | A year before Alfonso III "the Great" of Asturias death, three of Alfonso's sons rose in rebellion and forced him to abdicate, partitioning the kingdom among them. The eldest son, García, became king of León. The second son, Ordoño, reigned in Galicia, while the third, Fruela, received Asturias with Oviedo as his capit... | In which year did Alfonso III likely die? | {
"text": [
"910"
],
"answer_start": [
360
]
} |
57334596d058e614000b581c | Portugal | A year before Alfonso III "the Great" of Asturias death, three of Alfonso's sons rose in rebellion and forced him to abdicate, partitioning the kingdom among them. The eldest son, García, became king of León. The second son, Ordoño, reigned in Galicia, while the third, Fruela, received Asturias with Oviedo as his capit... | In which year was the Kingdom of Castile formed? | {
"text": [
"1230"
],
"answer_start": [
781
]
} |
573348bd4776f419006607f7 | Portugal | During the century of internecine struggles for dominance among the Northern Christians kingdoms, the County of Portugal, formed the southern portion of the Kingdom of Galicia. At times the Kingdom of Galicia existed independently for short periods, but usually formed an important part of the Kingdom of Leon. Throughou... | The County of Portugal separated from the Kingdom of Galicia to establish what? | {
"text": [
"the Kingdom of Portugal"
],
"answer_start": [
801
]
} |
573348bd4776f419006607f8 | Portugal | During the century of internecine struggles for dominance among the Northern Christians kingdoms, the County of Portugal, formed the southern portion of the Kingdom of Galicia. At times the Kingdom of Galicia existed independently for short periods, but usually formed an important part of the Kingdom of Leon. Throughou... | Portugese diverged from which language? | {
"text": [
"Galician"
],
"answer_start": [
830
]
} |
573348bd4776f419006607f9 | Portugal | During the century of internecine struggles for dominance among the Northern Christians kingdoms, the County of Portugal, formed the southern portion of the Kingdom of Galicia. At times the Kingdom of Galicia existed independently for short periods, but usually formed an important part of the Kingdom of Leon. Throughou... | What is the Castilian Lanugage known as? | {
"text": [
"Spanish"
],
"answer_start": [
1069
]
} |
573348bd4776f419006607fa | Portugal | During the century of internecine struggles for dominance among the Northern Christians kingdoms, the County of Portugal, formed the southern portion of the Kingdom of Galicia. At times the Kingdom of Galicia existed independently for short periods, but usually formed an important part of the Kingdom of Leon. Throughou... | By which language was the Astur-Leonese replaced? | {
"text": [
"Castilian (Spanish Language)"
],
"answer_start": [
1296
]
} |
5733496fd058e614000b582c | Portugal | In 1348 and 1349 Portugal, like the rest of Europe, was devastated by the Black Death. In 1373, Portugal made an alliance with England, which is the longest-standing alliance in the world. This alliance served both nations' interests throughout history and is regarded by many as the predecessor to NATO. Over time this ... | Which years were plagued by the Black Death? | {
"text": [
"1348 and 1349"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
5733496fd058e614000b582d | Portugal | In 1348 and 1349 Portugal, like the rest of Europe, was devastated by the Black Death. In 1373, Portugal made an alliance with England, which is the longest-standing alliance in the world. This alliance served both nations' interests throughout history and is regarded by many as the predecessor to NATO. Over time this ... | In 1373, Portugal made an alliance with which country? | {
"text": [
"England"
],
"answer_start": [
127
]
} |
5733496fd058e614000b582e | Portugal | In 1348 and 1349 Portugal, like the rest of Europe, was devastated by the Black Death. In 1373, Portugal made an alliance with England, which is the longest-standing alliance in the world. This alliance served both nations' interests throughout history and is regarded by many as the predecessor to NATO. Over time this ... | What is the longest standing alliance in the world? | {
"text": [
"Portugal made an alliance with England"
],
"answer_start": [
96
]
} |
5733496fd058e614000b582f | Portugal | In 1348 and 1349 Portugal, like the rest of Europe, was devastated by the Black Death. In 1373, Portugal made an alliance with England, which is the longest-standing alliance in the world. This alliance served both nations' interests throughout history and is regarded by many as the predecessor to NATO. Over time this ... | The Portugal-English alliance served as the predecessor to what? | {
"text": [
"NATO"
],
"answer_start": [
299
]
} |
5733496fd058e614000b5830 | Portugal | In 1348 and 1349 Portugal, like the rest of Europe, was devastated by the Black Death. In 1373, Portugal made an alliance with England, which is the longest-standing alliance in the world. This alliance served both nations' interests throughout history and is regarded by many as the predecessor to NATO. Over time this ... | In which Portugese region is there still visible English influence? | {
"text": [
"Oporto region"
],
"answer_start": [
589
]
} |
57334d274776f4190066081e | Portugal | Portugal spearheaded European exploration of the world and the Age of Discovery. Prince Henry the Navigator, son of King João I, became the main sponsor and patron of this endeavour. During this period, Portugal explored the Atlantic Ocean, discovering several Atlantic archipelagos like the Azores, Madeira, and Cape Ve... | What European age did Portugal spearhead? | {
"text": [
"the Age of Discovery"
],
"answer_start": [
59
]
} |
57334d274776f4190066081f | Portugal | Portugal spearheaded European exploration of the world and the Age of Discovery. Prince Henry the Navigator, son of King João I, became the main sponsor and patron of this endeavour. During this period, Portugal explored the Atlantic Ocean, discovering several Atlantic archipelagos like the Azores, Madeira, and Cape Ve... | Who was the Father of Prince Henry the Navigator? | {
"text": [
"King João I"
],
"answer_start": [
116
]
} |
57334d274776f41900660820 | Portugal | Portugal spearheaded European exploration of the world and the Age of Discovery. Prince Henry the Navigator, son of King João I, became the main sponsor and patron of this endeavour. During this period, Portugal explored the Atlantic Ocean, discovering several Atlantic archipelagos like the Azores, Madeira, and Cape Ve... | Which three Atlantic archipelagos did Portugal discover? | {
"text": [
"Azores, Madeira, and Cape Verde"
],
"answer_start": [
292
]
} |
57334d274776f41900660821 | Portugal | Portugal spearheaded European exploration of the world and the Age of Discovery. Prince Henry the Navigator, son of King João I, became the main sponsor and patron of this endeavour. During this period, Portugal explored the Atlantic Ocean, discovering several Atlantic archipelagos like the Azores, Madeira, and Cape Ve... | By which path did Portugal discover a route to India? | {
"text": [
"Cape of Good Hope"
],
"answer_start": [
434
]
} |
57334d274776f41900660822 | Portugal | Portugal spearheaded European exploration of the world and the Age of Discovery. Prince Henry the Navigator, son of King João I, became the main sponsor and patron of this endeavour. During this period, Portugal explored the Atlantic Ocean, discovering several Atlantic archipelagos like the Azores, Madeira, and Cape Ve... | What South American country did Portugal discover? | {
"text": [
"Brazil"
],
"answer_start": [
464
]
} |
573356a5d058e614000b5878 | Portugal | In 1738, Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo, 1st Marquis of Pombal, began a diplomatic career as the Portuguese Ambassador in London and later in Vienna. The Queen consort of Portugal, Archduchess Maria Anne Josefa of Austria, was fond of Melo; and after his first wife died, she arranged the widowed de Melo's second mar... | Who was the 1st Marquis of Pombal? | {
"text": [
"Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo"
],
"answer_start": [
9
]
} |
573356a5d058e614000b5879 | Portugal | In 1738, Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo, 1st Marquis of Pombal, began a diplomatic career as the Portuguese Ambassador in London and later in Vienna. The Queen consort of Portugal, Archduchess Maria Anne Josefa of Austria, was fond of Melo; and after his first wife died, she arranged the widowed de Melo's second mar... | What title did Archduchess Maria Anne Josefa hold? | {
"text": [
"Queen consort of Portugal"
],
"answer_start": [
157
]
} |
573356a5d058e614000b587a | Portugal | In 1738, Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo, 1st Marquis of Pombal, began a diplomatic career as the Portuguese Ambassador in London and later in Vienna. The Queen consort of Portugal, Archduchess Maria Anne Josefa of Austria, was fond of Melo; and after his first wife died, she arranged the widowed de Melo's second mar... | Who arranged the widow de Melo's second marriage? | {
"text": [
"Queen consort of Portugal"
],
"answer_start": [
157
]
} |
573356a5d058e614000b587c | Portugal | In 1738, Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo, 1st Marquis of Pombal, began a diplomatic career as the Portuguese Ambassador in London and later in Vienna. The Queen consort of Portugal, Archduchess Maria Anne Josefa of Austria, was fond of Melo; and after his first wife died, she arranged the widowed de Melo's second mar... | Who was not pleased by de Melo's second marriage? | {
"text": [
"King John V of Portugal"
],
"answer_start": [
403
]
} |
573357944776f4190066085a | Portugal | As the King's confidence in de Melo increased, the King entrusted him with more control of the state. By 1755, Sebastião de Melo was made Prime Minister. Impressed by British economic success that he had witnessed from the Ambassador, he successfully implemented similar economic policies in Portugal. He abolished slave... | Did the King's confidence in de Melo increase or decrease? | {
"text": [
"increased"
],
"answer_start": [
36
]
} |
573357944776f4190066085b | Portugal | As the King's confidence in de Melo increased, the King entrusted him with more control of the state. By 1755, Sebastião de Melo was made Prime Minister. Impressed by British economic success that he had witnessed from the Ambassador, he successfully implemented similar economic policies in Portugal. He abolished slave... | What title was given to de Melo in 1755? | {
"text": [
"Prime Minister"
],
"answer_start": [
138
]
} |
573357944776f4190066085c | Portugal | As the King's confidence in de Melo increased, the King entrusted him with more control of the state. By 1755, Sebastião de Melo was made Prime Minister. Impressed by British economic success that he had witnessed from the Ambassador, he successfully implemented similar economic policies in Portugal. He abolished slave... | With whose economic success was de Melo impressed with? | {
"text": [
"British"
],
"answer_start": [
167
]
} |
573357944776f4190066085d | Portugal | As the King's confidence in de Melo increased, the King entrusted him with more control of the state. By 1755, Sebastião de Melo was made Prime Minister. Impressed by British economic success that he had witnessed from the Ambassador, he successfully implemented similar economic policies in Portugal. He abolished slave... | Who abolished slavery in Portugal? | {
"text": [
"Sebastião de Melo"
],
"answer_start": [
111
]
} |
573357944776f4190066085e | Portugal | As the King's confidence in de Melo increased, the King entrusted him with more control of the state. By 1755, Sebastião de Melo was made Prime Minister. Impressed by British economic success that he had witnessed from the Ambassador, he successfully implemented similar economic policies in Portugal. He abolished slave... | Who ended discrimination against difference Christian sects in Portugal? | {
"text": [
"Sebastião de Melo"
],
"answer_start": [
111
]
} |
573360d64776f41900660928 | Portugal | But Sebastião de Melo's greatest reforms were economic and financial, with the creation of several companies and guilds to regulate every commercial activity. He demarcated the region for production of Port to ensure the wine's quality, and this was the first attempt to control wine quality and production in Europe. He... | What were de Melo's greatest reforms? | {
"text": [
"economic and financial"
],
"answer_start": [
46
]
} |
573360d64776f41900660929 | Portugal | But Sebastião de Melo's greatest reforms were economic and financial, with the creation of several companies and guilds to regulate every commercial activity. He demarcated the region for production of Port to ensure the wine's quality, and this was the first attempt to control wine quality and production in Europe. He... | Why did e Melo demarcate the region for production of Port? | {
"text": [
"to ensure the wine's quality"
],
"answer_start": [
207
]
} |
573360d64776f4190066092b | Portugal | But Sebastião de Melo's greatest reforms were economic and financial, with the creation of several companies and guilds to regulate every commercial activity. He demarcated the region for production of Port to ensure the wine's quality, and this was the first attempt to control wine quality and production in Europe. He... | Among which class did de Melo's reforms gain him the most enemies? | {
"text": [
"especially among the high nobility"
],
"answer_start": [
576
]
} |
573360d64776f4190066092c | Portugal | But Sebastião de Melo's greatest reforms were economic and financial, with the creation of several companies and guilds to regulate every commercial activity. He demarcated the region for production of Port to ensure the wine's quality, and this was the first attempt to control wine quality and production in Europe. He... | Who was the first person to try to ensure the wine's quality in Portugal? | {
"text": [
"Sebastião de Melo"
],
"answer_start": [
4
]
} |
5733a8ffd058e614000b5f9b | Portugal | Despite the calamity and huge death toll, Lisbon suffered no epidemics and within less than one year was already being rebuilt. The new city centre of Lisbon was designed to resist subsequent earthquakes. Architectural models were built for tests, and the effects of an earthquake were simulated by marching troops aroun... | What type of natural disaster was the city center of Lisbon designed to resist? | {
"text": [
"earthquakes"
],
"answer_start": [
192
]
} |
5733a8ffd058e614000b5f9c | Portugal | Despite the calamity and huge death toll, Lisbon suffered no epidemics and within less than one year was already being rebuilt. The new city centre of Lisbon was designed to resist subsequent earthquakes. Architectural models were built for tests, and the effects of an earthquake were simulated by marching troops aroun... | How were earthquakes simulated on the architectural models? | {
"text": [
"marching troops around the models"
],
"answer_start": [
299
]
} |
5733a8ffd058e614000b5f9d | Portugal | Despite the calamity and huge death toll, Lisbon suffered no epidemics and within less than one year was already being rebuilt. The new city centre of Lisbon was designed to resist subsequent earthquakes. Architectural models were built for tests, and the effects of an earthquake were simulated by marching troops aroun... | What are some of Lisbon's tourist attractions? | {
"text": [
"The buildings and big squares of the Pombaline City Centre"
],
"answer_start": [
334
]
} |
5733a8ffd058e614000b5f9f | Portugal | Despite the calamity and huge death toll, Lisbon suffered no epidemics and within less than one year was already being rebuilt. The new city centre of Lisbon was designed to resist subsequent earthquakes. Architectural models were built for tests, and the effects of an earthquake were simulated by marching troops aroun... | Did Lisbon suffer any epidemics from the calamity? | {
"text": [
"Lisbon suffered no epidemics"
],
"answer_start": [
42
]
} |
5733ad50d058e614000b601d | Portugal | Following the earthquake, Joseph I gave his Prime Minister even more power, and Sebastião de Melo became a powerful, progressive dictator. As his power grew, his enemies increased in number, and bitter disputes with the high nobility became frequent. In 1758 Joseph I was wounded in an attempted assassination. The Távor... | What happened to Joseph I in 1758? | {
"text": [
"wounded in an attempted assassination"
],
"answer_start": [
272
]
} |
5733ad50d058e614000b601e | Portugal | Following the earthquake, Joseph I gave his Prime Minister even more power, and Sebastião de Melo became a powerful, progressive dictator. As his power grew, his enemies increased in number, and bitter disputes with the high nobility became frequent. In 1758 Joseph I was wounded in an attempted assassination. The Távor... | Who was implicated in the attempted assassination of Joseph I? | {
"text": [
"The Távora family and the Duke of Aveiro"
],
"answer_start": [
311
]
} |
5733ad50d058e614000b601f | Portugal | Following the earthquake, Joseph I gave his Prime Minister even more power, and Sebastião de Melo became a powerful, progressive dictator. As his power grew, his enemies increased in number, and bitter disputes with the high nobility became frequent. In 1758 Joseph I was wounded in an attempted assassination. The Távor... | Who was expelled from the country after the assassination attempt on Joseph I? | {
"text": [
"The Jesuits"
],
"answer_start": [
402
]
} |
5733ad50d058e614000b6021 | Portugal | Following the earthquake, Joseph I gave his Prime Minister even more power, and Sebastião de Melo became a powerful, progressive dictator. As his power grew, his enemies increased in number, and bitter disputes with the high nobility became frequent. In 1758 Joseph I was wounded in an attempted assassination. The Távor... | In what year did Joseph I make his minister the Count of Oeiras? | {
"text": [
"1759"
],
"answer_start": [
684
]
} |
5733afe1d058e614000b604f | Portugal | Following the Távora affair, the new Count of Oeiras knew no opposition. Made "Marquis of Pombal" in 1770, he effectively ruled Portugal until Joseph I's death in 1779. However, historians also argue that Pombal’s "enlightenment," while far-reaching, was primarily a mechanism for enhancing autocracy at the expense of i... | Was the new Count of Oeiras opposed by anyone after the Tavora affair? | {
"text": [
"knew no opposition"
],
"answer_start": [
53
]
} |
5733afe1d058e614000b6050 | Portugal | Following the Távora affair, the new Count of Oeiras knew no opposition. Made "Marquis of Pombal" in 1770, he effectively ruled Portugal until Joseph I's death in 1779. However, historians also argue that Pombal’s "enlightenment," while far-reaching, was primarily a mechanism for enhancing autocracy at the expense of i... | In which year was the Count of Oeiras made the Marquis of Pambal? | {
"text": [
"1770"
],
"answer_start": [
101
]
} |
5733afe1d058e614000b6051 | Portugal | Following the Távora affair, the new Count of Oeiras knew no opposition. Made "Marquis of Pombal" in 1770, he effectively ruled Portugal until Joseph I's death in 1779. However, historians also argue that Pombal’s "enlightenment," while far-reaching, was primarily a mechanism for enhancing autocracy at the expense of i... | How long did the Marquis of Pombal rule Portugal? | {
"text": [
"until Joseph I's death in 1779"
],
"answer_start": [
137
]
} |
5733afe1d058e614000b6052 | Portugal | Following the Távora affair, the new Count of Oeiras knew no opposition. Made "Marquis of Pombal" in 1770, he effectively ruled Portugal until Joseph I's death in 1779. However, historians also argue that Pombal’s "enlightenment," while far-reaching, was primarily a mechanism for enhancing autocracy at the expense of i... | What did Pombal's enlightenment promote at the expense of individual liberty? | {
"text": [
"autocracy"
],
"answer_start": [
291
]
} |
5733afe1d058e614000b6053 | Portugal | Following the Távora affair, the new Count of Oeiras knew no opposition. Made "Marquis of Pombal" in 1770, he effectively ruled Portugal until Joseph I's death in 1779. However, historians also argue that Pombal’s "enlightenment," while far-reaching, was primarily a mechanism for enhancing autocracy at the expense of i... | What was Pombal's "enlightenment" an apparatus for? | {
"text": [
"crushing opposition, suppressing criticism, and furthering colonial economic exploitation"
],
"answer_start": [
370
]
} |
5733b1924776f41900661055 | Portugal | With the occupation by Napoleon, Portugal began a slow but inexorable decline that lasted until the 20th century. This decline was hastened by the independence in 1822 of the country's largest colonial possession, Brazil. In 1807, as Napoleon's army closed in on Lisbon, the Prince Regent João VI of Portugal transferred... | Under whose occupation did Portugal begin a slow decline? | {
"text": [
"Napoleon"
],
"answer_start": [
23
]
} |
5733b1924776f41900661056 | Portugal | With the occupation by Napoleon, Portugal began a slow but inexorable decline that lasted until the 20th century. This decline was hastened by the independence in 1822 of the country's largest colonial possession, Brazil. In 1807, as Napoleon's army closed in on Lisbon, the Prince Regent João VI of Portugal transferred... | How long did Portugal's decline last? | {
"text": [
"until the 20th century"
],
"answer_start": [
90
]
} |
5733b1924776f41900661057 | Portugal | With the occupation by Napoleon, Portugal began a slow but inexorable decline that lasted until the 20th century. This decline was hastened by the independence in 1822 of the country's largest colonial possession, Brazil. In 1807, as Napoleon's army closed in on Lisbon, the Prince Regent João VI of Portugal transferred... | In what year did Brazil become independent from Portugal? | {
"text": [
"1822"
],
"answer_start": [
163
]
} |
5733b1924776f41900661058 | Portugal | With the occupation by Napoleon, Portugal began a slow but inexorable decline that lasted until the 20th century. This decline was hastened by the independence in 1822 of the country's largest colonial possession, Brazil. In 1807, as Napoleon's army closed in on Lisbon, the Prince Regent João VI of Portugal transferred... | To where did Prince Regent Joao VI of Portugal transfer his court? | {
"text": [
"Brazil"
],
"answer_start": [
334
]
} |
5733b1924776f41900661059 | Portugal | With the occupation by Napoleon, Portugal began a slow but inexorable decline that lasted until the 20th century. This decline was hastened by the independence in 1822 of the country's largest colonial possession, Brazil. In 1807, as Napoleon's army closed in on Lisbon, the Prince Regent João VI of Portugal transferred... | What was the name of the pluricontinental state formed by Portugal and Brazil in 1815? | {
"text": [
"United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves"
],
"answer_start": [
538
]
} |
5733b2a64776f4190066107c | Portugal | As a result of the change in its status and the arrival of the Portuguese royal family, Brazilian administrative, civic, economical, military, educational, and scientific apparatus were expanded and highly modernized. Portuguese and their allied British troops fought against the French Invasion of Portugal and by 1815 ... | Portugese and British troops fought against the invasion of which country? | {
"text": [
"French"
],
"answer_start": [
280
]
} |
5733b2a64776f4190066107d | Portugal | As a result of the change in its status and the arrival of the Portuguese royal family, Brazilian administrative, civic, economical, military, educational, and scientific apparatus were expanded and highly modernized. Portuguese and their allied British troops fought against the French Invasion of Portugal and by 1815 ... | By what year had the situation in Europe cool down enough so that Joao VI would have been able to safely return to Lisbon? | {
"text": [
"1815"
],
"answer_start": [
315
]
} |
5733b2a64776f4190066107e | Portugal | As a result of the change in its status and the arrival of the Portuguese royal family, Brazilian administrative, civic, economical, military, educational, and scientific apparatus were expanded and highly modernized. Portuguese and their allied British troops fought against the French Invasion of Portugal and by 1815 ... | Until when did the King of Portugal remain in Brazil? | {
"text": [
"until the Liberal Revolution of 1820"
],
"answer_start": [
484
]
} |
5733b2a64776f4190066107f | Portugal | As a result of the change in its status and the arrival of the Portuguese royal family, Brazilian administrative, civic, economical, military, educational, and scientific apparatus were expanded and highly modernized. Portuguese and their allied British troops fought against the French Invasion of Portugal and by 1815 ... | Where did the Liberal Revolution of 1820 begin? | {
"text": [
"Porto"
],
"answer_start": [
539
]
} |
5733b49a4776f419006610bf | Portugal | With the Conference of Berlin of 1884, Portuguese Africa territories had their borders formally established on request of Portugal in order to protect the centuries-long Portuguese interests in the continent from rivalries enticed by the Scramble for Africa. Portuguese Africa's cities and towns like Nova Lisboa, Sá da ... | When was the Conference of Berlin held? | {
"text": [
"1884"
],
"answer_start": [
33
]
} |
5733b49a4776f419006610c1 | Portugal | With the Conference of Berlin of 1884, Portuguese Africa territories had their borders formally established on request of Portugal in order to protect the centuries-long Portuguese interests in the continent from rivalries enticed by the Scramble for Africa. Portuguese Africa's cities and towns like Nova Lisboa, Sá da ... | During what period were the Portugese Africa's cities founded or redeveloped? | {
"text": [
"Scramble for Africa"
],
"answer_start": [
238
]
} |
5733b49a4776f419006610c2 | Portugal | With the Conference of Berlin of 1884, Portuguese Africa territories had their borders formally established on request of Portugal in order to protect the centuries-long Portuguese interests in the continent from rivalries enticed by the Scramble for Africa. Portuguese Africa's cities and towns like Nova Lisboa, Sá da ... | What new Portugese Africa's coastal towns were developed during the Scramble for Africa? | {
"text": [
"Beira, Moçâmedes, Lobito, João Belo, Nacala and Porto Amélia"
],
"answer_start": [
489
]
} |
5733b49a4776f419006610c3 | Portugal | With the Conference of Berlin of 1884, Portuguese Africa territories had their borders formally established on request of Portugal in order to protect the centuries-long Portuguese interests in the continent from rivalries enticed by the Scramble for Africa. Portuguese Africa's cities and towns like Nova Lisboa, Sá da ... | When were railroad tracks being installed Portugese Africa? | {
"text": [
"before the turn of the 20th century"
],
"answer_start": [
574
]
} |
5733b5944776f419006610f1 | Portugal | On 1 February 1908, the king Dom Carlos I of Portugal and his heir apparent, Prince Royal Dom Luís Filipe, Duke of Braganza, were murdered in Lisbon. Under his rule, Portugal had twice been declared bankrupt – on 14 June 1892, and again on 10 May 1902 – causing social turmoil, economic disturbances, protests, revolts a... | On what day were King Dom Carlos I and and his heir, Prince Royal Dom Luis Filipe, Duke of Braganza, murdered? | {
"text": [
"1 February 1908"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
5733b5944776f419006610f2 | Portugal | On 1 February 1908, the king Dom Carlos I of Portugal and his heir apparent, Prince Royal Dom Luís Filipe, Duke of Braganza, were murdered in Lisbon. Under his rule, Portugal had twice been declared bankrupt – on 14 June 1892, and again on 10 May 1902 – causing social turmoil, economic disturbances, protests, revolts a... | Under the rule of King Dom Carlos I, on what two days was Portugal declared bankrupt? | {
"text": [
"on 14 June 1892, and again on 10 May 1902"
],
"answer_start": [
210
]
} |
5733b5944776f419006610f3 | Portugal | On 1 February 1908, the king Dom Carlos I of Portugal and his heir apparent, Prince Royal Dom Luís Filipe, Duke of Braganza, were murdered in Lisbon. Under his rule, Portugal had twice been declared bankrupt – on 14 June 1892, and again on 10 May 1902 – causing social turmoil, economic disturbances, protests, revolts a... | Who succeeded King Dom Carlos I as king? | {
"text": [
"Manuel II of Portugal"
],
"answer_start": [
350
]
} |
5733b5944776f419006610f4 | Portugal | On 1 February 1908, the king Dom Carlos I of Portugal and his heir apparent, Prince Royal Dom Luís Filipe, Duke of Braganza, were murdered in Lisbon. Under his rule, Portugal had twice been declared bankrupt – on 14 June 1892, and again on 10 May 1902 – causing social turmoil, economic disturbances, protests, revolts a... | On what day was King Manuel II overthrown? | {
"text": [
"5 October 1910"
],
"answer_start": [
430
]
} |
5733b5944776f419006610f5 | Portugal | On 1 February 1908, the king Dom Carlos I of Portugal and his heir apparent, Prince Royal Dom Luís Filipe, Duke of Braganza, were murdered in Lisbon. Under his rule, Portugal had twice been declared bankrupt – on 14 June 1892, and again on 10 May 1902 – causing social turmoil, economic disturbances, protests, revolts a... | During the Portuguese First Republic, what creating a fertile ground for chaos and unrest? | {
"text": [
"Political instability and economic weaknesses"
],
"answer_start": [
524
]
} |
5733b70fd058e614000b612a | Portugal | This in turn led to the establishment of the right-wing dictatorship of the Estado Novo under António de Oliveira Salazar in 1933. Portugal was one of only five European countries to remain neutral in World War II. From the 1940s to the 1960s, Portugal was a founding member of NATO, OECD and the European Free Trade Ass... | Who led the Estado Novo? | {
"text": [
"António de Oliveira Salazar"
],
"answer_start": [
94
]
} |
5733b70fd058e614000b612b | Portugal | This in turn led to the establishment of the right-wing dictatorship of the Estado Novo under António de Oliveira Salazar in 1933. Portugal was one of only five European countries to remain neutral in World War II. From the 1940s to the 1960s, Portugal was a founding member of NATO, OECD and the European Free Trade Ass... | In what year was the Estado Novo established? | {
"text": [
"1933"
],
"answer_start": [
125
]
} |
5733b70fd058e614000b612c | Portugal | This in turn led to the establishment of the right-wing dictatorship of the Estado Novo under António de Oliveira Salazar in 1933. Portugal was one of only five European countries to remain neutral in World War II. From the 1940s to the 1960s, Portugal was a founding member of NATO, OECD and the European Free Trade Ass... | How many European countries remained neutral throughout World War II? | {
"text": [
"five"
],
"answer_start": [
156
]
} |
5733c3a6d058e614000b61e9 | Portugal | The Portuguese government and army successfully resisted the decolonization of its overseas territories until April 1974, when a bloodless left-wing military coup in Lisbon, known as the Carnation Revolution, led the way for the independence of the overseas territories in Africa and Asia, as well as for the restoration... | Until when did the Portuguese government resist decolonization of their overseas territories? | {
"text": [
"April 1974"
],
"answer_start": [
110
]
} |
5733c3a6d058e614000b61ea | Portugal | The Portuguese government and army successfully resisted the decolonization of its overseas territories until April 1974, when a bloodless left-wing military coup in Lisbon, known as the Carnation Revolution, led the way for the independence of the overseas territories in Africa and Asia, as well as for the restoration... | What was the Carnation Revolution? | {
"text": [
"left-wing military coup in Lisbon"
],
"answer_start": [
139
]
} |
5733c432d058e614000b61f7 | Portugal | The country continued to be governed by a Junta de Salvação Nacional until the Portuguese legislative election of 1976. It was won by the Portuguese Socialist Party (PS) and Mário Soares, its leader, became Prime Minister of the 1st Constitutional Government on 23 July. Mário Soares would be Prime Minister from 1976 to... | What entity governed Portugal until 1976? | {
"text": [
"Junta de Salvação Nacional"
],
"answer_start": [
42
]
} |
5733c432d058e614000b61f8 | Portugal | The country continued to be governed by a Junta de Salvação Nacional until the Portuguese legislative election of 1976. It was won by the Portuguese Socialist Party (PS) and Mário Soares, its leader, became Prime Minister of the 1st Constitutional Government on 23 July. Mário Soares would be Prime Minister from 1976 to... | Which party won the Portuguese election in 1976? | {
"text": [
"Socialist Party"
],
"answer_start": [
149
]
} |
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