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57333d75d058e614000b57a8
Portugal
The early history of Portugal is shared with the rest of the Iberian Peninsula located in South Western Europe. The name of Portugal derives from the joined Romano-Celtic name Portus Cale. The region was settled by Pre-Celts and Celts, giving origin to peoples like the Gallaeci, Lusitanians, Celtici and Cynetes, visite...
From what old Germanic word is Alenquer originate?
{ "text": [ "Alankerk" ], "answer_start": [ 646 ] }
57333e3fd058e614000b57b4
Portugal
In 27 BC, Lusitania gained the status of Roman province. Later, a northern province of Lusitania was formed, known as Gallaecia, with capital in Bracara Augusta, today's Braga. There are still many ruins of castros (hill forts) all over modern Portugal and remains of Castro culture. Numerous Roman sites are scattered a...
In what year did Lusitania become a Roman province?
{ "text": [ "27 BC" ], "answer_start": [ 3 ] }
57333e3fd058e614000b57b5
Portugal
In 27 BC, Lusitania gained the status of Roman province. Later, a northern province of Lusitania was formed, known as Gallaecia, with capital in Bracara Augusta, today's Braga. There are still many ruins of castros (hill forts) all over modern Portugal and remains of Castro culture. Numerous Roman sites are scattered a...
What was the Northern province of Lusitania known as?
{ "text": [ "Gallaecia" ], "answer_start": [ 118 ] }
57333e3fd058e614000b57b6
Portugal
In 27 BC, Lusitania gained the status of Roman province. Later, a northern province of Lusitania was formed, known as Gallaecia, with capital in Bracara Augusta, today's Braga. There are still many ruins of castros (hill forts) all over modern Portugal and remains of Castro culture. Numerous Roman sites are scattered a...
What are castros?
{ "text": [ "hill forts" ], "answer_start": [ 216 ] }
57333e3fd058e614000b57b7
Portugal
In 27 BC, Lusitania gained the status of Roman province. Later, a northern province of Lusitania was formed, known as Gallaecia, with capital in Bracara Augusta, today's Braga. There are still many ruins of castros (hill forts) all over modern Portugal and remains of Castro culture. Numerous Roman sites are scattered a...
What are two large Roman sites that still exist today in Portugal?
{ "text": [ "Conímbriga and Mirobriga" ], "answer_start": [ 389 ] }
57333e3fd058e614000b57b8
Portugal
In 27 BC, Lusitania gained the status of Roman province. Later, a northern province of Lusitania was formed, known as Gallaecia, with capital in Bracara Augusta, today's Braga. There are still many ruins of castros (hill forts) all over modern Portugal and remains of Castro culture. Numerous Roman sites are scattered a...
How far apart are Conimbriga and Coimbra?
{ "text": [ "16 km" ], "answer_start": [ 549 ] }
57333f25d058e614000b57be
Portugal
After defeating the Visigoths in only a few months, the Umayyad Caliphate started expanding rapidly in the peninsula. Beginning in 711, the land that is now Portugal became part of the vast Umayyad Caliphate's empire of Damascus, which stretched from the Indus river in the Indian sub-continent (now Pakistan) up to the ...
How long did it take the Umayyad Caliphate to defeat the Visigoths?
{ "text": [ "a few months" ], "answer_start": [ 38 ] }
57333f25d058e614000b57bf
Portugal
After defeating the Visigoths in only a few months, the Umayyad Caliphate started expanding rapidly in the peninsula. Beginning in 711, the land that is now Portugal became part of the vast Umayyad Caliphate's empire of Damascus, which stretched from the Indus river in the Indian sub-continent (now Pakistan) up to the ...
In what year did Portugal become a part of Umayyad Caliphate's empire?
{ "text": [ "711" ], "answer_start": [ 131 ] }
57333f25d058e614000b57c0
Portugal
After defeating the Visigoths in only a few months, the Umayyad Caliphate started expanding rapidly in the peninsula. Beginning in 711, the land that is now Portugal became part of the vast Umayyad Caliphate's empire of Damascus, which stretched from the Indus river in the Indian sub-continent (now Pakistan) up to the ...
In which year did Umayyad Caliphate's empire collapse?
{ "text": [ "750" ], "answer_start": [ 359 ] }
57333f25d058e614000b57c1
Portugal
After defeating the Visigoths in only a few months, the Umayyad Caliphate started expanding rapidly in the peninsula. Beginning in 711, the land that is now Portugal became part of the vast Umayyad Caliphate's empire of Damascus, which stretched from the Indus river in the Indian sub-continent (now Pakistan) up to the ...
Under whom did the Western part of Umayyad Caliphate's empire gain its independence?
{ "text": [ "Abd-ar-Rahman" ], "answer_start": [ 427 ] }
57333f25d058e614000b57c2
Portugal
After defeating the Visigoths in only a few months, the Umayyad Caliphate started expanding rapidly in the peninsula. Beginning in 711, the land that is now Portugal became part of the vast Umayyad Caliphate's empire of Damascus, which stretched from the Indus river in the Indian sub-continent (now Pakistan) up to the ...
How long did it take the Emirate to become the Caliphate of Codoba?
{ "text": [ "almost two centuries" ], "answer_start": [ 499 ] }
57334124d058e614000b57dc
Portugal
The governors of the taifas each proclaimed themselves Emir of their provinces and established diplomatic relations with the Christian kingdoms of the north. Most of Portugal fell into the hands of the Taifa of Badajoz of the Aftasid Dynasty, and after a short spell of an ephemeral Taifa of Lisbon in 1022, fell under t...
What were the governors of the taifas called?
{ "text": [ "Emir" ], "answer_start": [ 55 ] }
57334124d058e614000b57dd
Portugal
The governors of the taifas each proclaimed themselves Emir of their provinces and established diplomatic relations with the Christian kingdoms of the north. Most of Portugal fell into the hands of the Taifa of Badajoz of the Aftasid Dynasty, and after a short spell of an ephemeral Taifa of Lisbon in 1022, fell under t...
Which which kingdoms did the taifas establish diplomatic relations?
{ "text": [ "the Christian kingdoms of the north" ], "answer_start": [ 121 ] }
57334124d058e614000b57de
Portugal
The governors of the taifas each proclaimed themselves Emir of their provinces and established diplomatic relations with the Christian kingdoms of the north. Most of Portugal fell into the hands of the Taifa of Badajoz of the Aftasid Dynasty, and after a short spell of an ephemeral Taifa of Lisbon in 1022, fell under t...
To which taifa did most of Portugal fall into?
{ "text": [ "Taifa of Badajoz" ], "answer_start": [ 202 ] }
57334124d058e614000b57df
Portugal
The governors of the taifas each proclaimed themselves Emir of their provinces and established diplomatic relations with the Christian kingdoms of the north. Most of Portugal fell into the hands of the Taifa of Badajoz of the Aftasid Dynasty, and after a short spell of an ephemeral Taifa of Lisbon in 1022, fell under t...
In which year did the taifa period end?
{ "text": [ "1086" ], "answer_start": [ 463 ] }
57334124d058e614000b57e0
Portugal
The governors of the taifas each proclaimed themselves Emir of their provinces and established diplomatic relations with the Christian kingdoms of the north. Most of Portugal fell into the hands of the Taifa of Badajoz of the Aftasid Dynasty, and after a short spell of an ephemeral Taifa of Lisbon in 1022, fell under t...
Which battle took place in 1147?
{ "text": [ "Battle of Sagrajas" ], "answer_start": [ 502 ] }
573341b6d058e614000b57e6
Portugal
The Muslim population of the region consisted mainly of native Iberian converts to Islam (the so-called Muwallad or Muladi) and to a lesser extent Berbers and Arabs. The Arabs were principally noblemen from Oman; and though few in numbers, they constituted the elite of the population. The Berbers were originally from t...
What are converts to Islam called?
{ "text": [ "Muwallad or Muladi" ], "answer_start": [ 104 ] }
573341b6d058e614000b57e7
Portugal
The Muslim population of the region consisted mainly of native Iberian converts to Islam (the so-called Muwallad or Muladi) and to a lesser extent Berbers and Arabs. The Arabs were principally noblemen from Oman; and though few in numbers, they constituted the elite of the population. The Berbers were originally from t...
Who did the Arabs principally consist of?
{ "text": [ "noblemen from Oman" ], "answer_start": [ 193 ] }
573341b6d058e614000b57e8
Portugal
The Muslim population of the region consisted mainly of native Iberian converts to Islam (the so-called Muwallad or Muladi) and to a lesser extent Berbers and Arabs. The Arabs were principally noblemen from Oman; and though few in numbers, they constituted the elite of the population. The Berbers were originally from t...
Where were the Berbers originally from?
{ "text": [ "Atlas mountains and Rif mountains of North Africa" ], "answer_start": [ 323 ] }
573341b6d058e614000b57e9
Portugal
The Muslim population of the region consisted mainly of native Iberian converts to Islam (the so-called Muwallad or Muladi) and to a lesser extent Berbers and Arabs. The Arabs were principally noblemen from Oman; and though few in numbers, they constituted the elite of the population. The Berbers were originally from t...
In which region of Portugal did the Muslim population stay?
{ "text": [ "Algarve region, and south of the Tagus" ], "answer_start": [ 494 ] }
573341b6d058e614000b57ea
Portugal
The Muslim population of the region consisted mainly of native Iberian converts to Islam (the so-called Muwallad or Muladi) and to a lesser extent Berbers and Arabs. The Arabs were principally noblemen from Oman; and though few in numbers, they constituted the elite of the population. The Berbers were originally from t...
How many modern Portugese words have Arabic origins?
{ "text": [ "800" ], "answer_start": [ 565 ] }
5733429d4776f419006607c9
Portugal
Pelayos' plan was to use the Cantabrian mountains as a place of refuge and protection from the invading Moors. He then aimed to regroup the Iberian Peninsula's Christian armies and use the Cantabrian mountains as a springboard from which to regain their lands from the Moors. In the process, after defeating the Moors in...
Against which group of people was Pelayos fighting?
{ "text": [ "Moors" ], "answer_start": [ 269 ] }
5733429d4776f419006607ca
Portugal
Pelayos' plan was to use the Cantabrian mountains as a place of refuge and protection from the invading Moors. He then aimed to regroup the Iberian Peninsula's Christian armies and use the Cantabrian mountains as a springboard from which to regain their lands from the Moors. In the process, after defeating the Moors in...
In which battle did Pelayos defeat the Moors?
{ "text": [ "Battle of Covadonga" ], "answer_start": [ 325 ] }
5733429d4776f419006607cb
Portugal
Pelayos' plan was to use the Cantabrian mountains as a place of refuge and protection from the invading Moors. He then aimed to regroup the Iberian Peninsula's Christian armies and use the Cantabrian mountains as a springboard from which to regain their lands from the Moors. In the process, after defeating the Moors in...
In which year was Pelayos proclaimed king?
{ "text": [ "722 AD" ], "answer_start": [ 348 ] }
5733429d4776f419006607cc
Portugal
Pelayos' plan was to use the Cantabrian mountains as a place of refuge and protection from the invading Moors. He then aimed to regroup the Iberian Peninsula's Christian armies and use the Cantabrian mountains as a springboard from which to regain their lands from the Moors. In the process, after defeating the Moors in...
What was the war of Christian reconquest, started by Pelayos, known as in Portugese?
{ "text": [ "Reconquista Cristã" ], "answer_start": [ 505 ] }
5733445dd058e614000b5804
Portugal
After annexing the County of Portugal into one of the several counties that made up the Kingdom of Asturias, King Alfonso III of Asturias knighted Vimara Peres, in 868 AD, as the First Count of Portus Cale (Portugal). The region became known as Portucale, Portugale, and simultaneously Portugália — the County of Portuga...
Who annexed the County of Portugal into the Kingdom of Asturias?
{ "text": [ "King Alfonso III" ], "answer_start": [ 109 ] }
5733445dd058e614000b5805
Portugal
After annexing the County of Portugal into one of the several counties that made up the Kingdom of Asturias, King Alfonso III of Asturias knighted Vimara Peres, in 868 AD, as the First Count of Portus Cale (Portugal). The region became known as Portucale, Portugale, and simultaneously Portugália — the County of Portuga...
In which year was Vimara Peres knighted?
{ "text": [ "868 AD" ], "answer_start": [ 164 ] }
5733445dd058e614000b5806
Portugal
After annexing the County of Portugal into one of the several counties that made up the Kingdom of Asturias, King Alfonso III of Asturias knighted Vimara Peres, in 868 AD, as the First Count of Portus Cale (Portugal). The region became known as Portucale, Portugale, and simultaneously Portugália — the County of Portuga...
What was Vimara knighted as?
{ "text": [ "First Count of Portus Cale" ], "answer_start": [ 179 ] }
5733445dd058e614000b5807
Portugal
After annexing the County of Portugal into one of the several counties that made up the Kingdom of Asturias, King Alfonso III of Asturias knighted Vimara Peres, in 868 AD, as the First Count of Portus Cale (Portugal). The region became known as Portucale, Portugale, and simultaneously Portugália — the County of Portuga...
What three names did Portugal become known as after Vimara Peres was knighted?
{ "text": [ "Portucale, Portugale, and simultaneously Portugália" ], "answer_start": [ 245 ] }
5733445dd058e614000b5808
Portugal
After annexing the County of Portugal into one of the several counties that made up the Kingdom of Asturias, King Alfonso III of Asturias knighted Vimara Peres, in 868 AD, as the First Count of Portus Cale (Portugal). The region became known as Portucale, Portugale, and simultaneously Portugália — the County of Portuga...
Why was the Kingdom of Asturias divided?
{ "text": [ "dynastic divisions of inheritance among the kings offspring" ], "answer_start": [ 426 ] }
57334596d058e614000b5818
Portugal
A year before Alfonso III "the Great" of Asturias death, three of Alfonso's sons rose in rebellion and forced him to abdicate, partitioning the kingdom among them. The eldest son, García, became king of León. The second son, Ordoño, reigned in Galicia, while the third, Fruela, received Asturias with Oviedo as his capit...
Who was the eldest son of Alfonso III and what did he become king of?
{ "text": [ "García, became king of León" ], "answer_start": [ 180 ] }
57334596d058e614000b5819
Portugal
A year before Alfonso III "the Great" of Asturias death, three of Alfonso's sons rose in rebellion and forced him to abdicate, partitioning the kingdom among them. The eldest son, García, became king of León. The second son, Ordoño, reigned in Galicia, while the third, Fruela, received Asturias with Oviedo as his capit...
Who was the second son of Alfonso III and what did he become king of?
{ "text": [ "Ordoño, reigned in Galicia" ], "answer_start": [ 225 ] }
57334596d058e614000b581a
Portugal
A year before Alfonso III "the Great" of Asturias death, three of Alfonso's sons rose in rebellion and forced him to abdicate, partitioning the kingdom among them. The eldest son, García, became king of León. The second son, Ordoño, reigned in Galicia, while the third, Fruela, received Asturias with Oviedo as his capit...
Who was Alfonso III's third son and what area did he receive?
{ "text": [ "Fruela, received Asturias with Oviedo as his capital" ], "answer_start": [ 270 ] }
57334596d058e614000b581b
Portugal
A year before Alfonso III "the Great" of Asturias death, three of Alfonso's sons rose in rebellion and forced him to abdicate, partitioning the kingdom among them. The eldest son, García, became king of León. The second son, Ordoño, reigned in Galicia, while the third, Fruela, received Asturias with Oviedo as his capit...
In which year did Alfonso III likely die?
{ "text": [ "910" ], "answer_start": [ 360 ] }
57334596d058e614000b581c
Portugal
A year before Alfonso III "the Great" of Asturias death, three of Alfonso's sons rose in rebellion and forced him to abdicate, partitioning the kingdom among them. The eldest son, García, became king of León. The second son, Ordoño, reigned in Galicia, while the third, Fruela, received Asturias with Oviedo as his capit...
In which year was the Kingdom of Castile formed?
{ "text": [ "1230" ], "answer_start": [ 781 ] }
573348bd4776f419006607f7
Portugal
During the century of internecine struggles for dominance among the Northern Christians kingdoms, the County of Portugal, formed the southern portion of the Kingdom of Galicia. At times the Kingdom of Galicia existed independently for short periods, but usually formed an important part of the Kingdom of Leon. Throughou...
The County of Portugal separated from the Kingdom of Galicia to establish what?
{ "text": [ "the Kingdom of Portugal" ], "answer_start": [ 801 ] }
573348bd4776f419006607f8
Portugal
During the century of internecine struggles for dominance among the Northern Christians kingdoms, the County of Portugal, formed the southern portion of the Kingdom of Galicia. At times the Kingdom of Galicia existed independently for short periods, but usually formed an important part of the Kingdom of Leon. Throughou...
Portugese diverged from which language?
{ "text": [ "Galician" ], "answer_start": [ 830 ] }
573348bd4776f419006607f9
Portugal
During the century of internecine struggles for dominance among the Northern Christians kingdoms, the County of Portugal, formed the southern portion of the Kingdom of Galicia. At times the Kingdom of Galicia existed independently for short periods, but usually formed an important part of the Kingdom of Leon. Throughou...
What is the Castilian Lanugage known as?
{ "text": [ "Spanish" ], "answer_start": [ 1069 ] }
573348bd4776f419006607fa
Portugal
During the century of internecine struggles for dominance among the Northern Christians kingdoms, the County of Portugal, formed the southern portion of the Kingdom of Galicia. At times the Kingdom of Galicia existed independently for short periods, but usually formed an important part of the Kingdom of Leon. Throughou...
By which language was the Astur-Leonese replaced?
{ "text": [ "Castilian (Spanish Language)" ], "answer_start": [ 1296 ] }
5733496fd058e614000b582c
Portugal
In 1348 and 1349 Portugal, like the rest of Europe, was devastated by the Black Death. In 1373, Portugal made an alliance with England, which is the longest-standing alliance in the world. This alliance served both nations' interests throughout history and is regarded by many as the predecessor to NATO. Over time this ...
Which years were plagued by the Black Death?
{ "text": [ "1348 and 1349" ], "answer_start": [ 3 ] }
5733496fd058e614000b582d
Portugal
In 1348 and 1349 Portugal, like the rest of Europe, was devastated by the Black Death. In 1373, Portugal made an alliance with England, which is the longest-standing alliance in the world. This alliance served both nations' interests throughout history and is regarded by many as the predecessor to NATO. Over time this ...
In 1373, Portugal made an alliance with which country?
{ "text": [ "England" ], "answer_start": [ 127 ] }
5733496fd058e614000b582e
Portugal
In 1348 and 1349 Portugal, like the rest of Europe, was devastated by the Black Death. In 1373, Portugal made an alliance with England, which is the longest-standing alliance in the world. This alliance served both nations' interests throughout history and is regarded by many as the predecessor to NATO. Over time this ...
What is the longest standing alliance in the world?
{ "text": [ "Portugal made an alliance with England" ], "answer_start": [ 96 ] }
5733496fd058e614000b582f
Portugal
In 1348 and 1349 Portugal, like the rest of Europe, was devastated by the Black Death. In 1373, Portugal made an alliance with England, which is the longest-standing alliance in the world. This alliance served both nations' interests throughout history and is regarded by many as the predecessor to NATO. Over time this ...
The Portugal-English alliance served as the predecessor to what?
{ "text": [ "NATO" ], "answer_start": [ 299 ] }
5733496fd058e614000b5830
Portugal
In 1348 and 1349 Portugal, like the rest of Europe, was devastated by the Black Death. In 1373, Portugal made an alliance with England, which is the longest-standing alliance in the world. This alliance served both nations' interests throughout history and is regarded by many as the predecessor to NATO. Over time this ...
In which Portugese region is there still visible English influence?
{ "text": [ "Oporto region" ], "answer_start": [ 589 ] }
57334d274776f4190066081e
Portugal
Portugal spearheaded European exploration of the world and the Age of Discovery. Prince Henry the Navigator, son of King João I, became the main sponsor and patron of this endeavour. During this period, Portugal explored the Atlantic Ocean, discovering several Atlantic archipelagos like the Azores, Madeira, and Cape Ve...
What European age did Portugal spearhead?
{ "text": [ "the Age of Discovery" ], "answer_start": [ 59 ] }
57334d274776f4190066081f
Portugal
Portugal spearheaded European exploration of the world and the Age of Discovery. Prince Henry the Navigator, son of King João I, became the main sponsor and patron of this endeavour. During this period, Portugal explored the Atlantic Ocean, discovering several Atlantic archipelagos like the Azores, Madeira, and Cape Ve...
Who was the Father of Prince Henry the Navigator?
{ "text": [ "King João I" ], "answer_start": [ 116 ] }
57334d274776f41900660820
Portugal
Portugal spearheaded European exploration of the world and the Age of Discovery. Prince Henry the Navigator, son of King João I, became the main sponsor and patron of this endeavour. During this period, Portugal explored the Atlantic Ocean, discovering several Atlantic archipelagos like the Azores, Madeira, and Cape Ve...
Which three Atlantic archipelagos did Portugal discover?
{ "text": [ "Azores, Madeira, and Cape Verde" ], "answer_start": [ 292 ] }
57334d274776f41900660821
Portugal
Portugal spearheaded European exploration of the world and the Age of Discovery. Prince Henry the Navigator, son of King João I, became the main sponsor and patron of this endeavour. During this period, Portugal explored the Atlantic Ocean, discovering several Atlantic archipelagos like the Azores, Madeira, and Cape Ve...
By which path did Portugal discover a route to India?
{ "text": [ "Cape of Good Hope" ], "answer_start": [ 434 ] }
57334d274776f41900660822
Portugal
Portugal spearheaded European exploration of the world and the Age of Discovery. Prince Henry the Navigator, son of King João I, became the main sponsor and patron of this endeavour. During this period, Portugal explored the Atlantic Ocean, discovering several Atlantic archipelagos like the Azores, Madeira, and Cape Ve...
What South American country did Portugal discover?
{ "text": [ "Brazil" ], "answer_start": [ 464 ] }
573356a5d058e614000b5878
Portugal
In 1738, Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo, 1st Marquis of Pombal, began a diplomatic career as the Portuguese Ambassador in London and later in Vienna. The Queen consort of Portugal, Archduchess Maria Anne Josefa of Austria, was fond of Melo; and after his first wife died, she arranged the widowed de Melo's second mar...
Who was the 1st Marquis of Pombal?
{ "text": [ "Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo" ], "answer_start": [ 9 ] }
573356a5d058e614000b5879
Portugal
In 1738, Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo, 1st Marquis of Pombal, began a diplomatic career as the Portuguese Ambassador in London and later in Vienna. The Queen consort of Portugal, Archduchess Maria Anne Josefa of Austria, was fond of Melo; and after his first wife died, she arranged the widowed de Melo's second mar...
What title did Archduchess Maria Anne Josefa hold?
{ "text": [ "Queen consort of Portugal" ], "answer_start": [ 157 ] }
573356a5d058e614000b587a
Portugal
In 1738, Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo, 1st Marquis of Pombal, began a diplomatic career as the Portuguese Ambassador in London and later in Vienna. The Queen consort of Portugal, Archduchess Maria Anne Josefa of Austria, was fond of Melo; and after his first wife died, she arranged the widowed de Melo's second mar...
Who arranged the widow de Melo's second marriage?
{ "text": [ "Queen consort of Portugal" ], "answer_start": [ 157 ] }
573356a5d058e614000b587c
Portugal
In 1738, Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo, 1st Marquis of Pombal, began a diplomatic career as the Portuguese Ambassador in London and later in Vienna. The Queen consort of Portugal, Archduchess Maria Anne Josefa of Austria, was fond of Melo; and after his first wife died, she arranged the widowed de Melo's second mar...
Who was not pleased by de Melo's second marriage?
{ "text": [ "King John V of Portugal" ], "answer_start": [ 403 ] }
573357944776f4190066085a
Portugal
As the King's confidence in de Melo increased, the King entrusted him with more control of the state. By 1755, Sebastião de Melo was made Prime Minister. Impressed by British economic success that he had witnessed from the Ambassador, he successfully implemented similar economic policies in Portugal. He abolished slave...
Did the King's confidence in de Melo increase or decrease?
{ "text": [ "increased" ], "answer_start": [ 36 ] }
573357944776f4190066085b
Portugal
As the King's confidence in de Melo increased, the King entrusted him with more control of the state. By 1755, Sebastião de Melo was made Prime Minister. Impressed by British economic success that he had witnessed from the Ambassador, he successfully implemented similar economic policies in Portugal. He abolished slave...
What title was given to de Melo in 1755?
{ "text": [ "Prime Minister" ], "answer_start": [ 138 ] }
573357944776f4190066085c
Portugal
As the King's confidence in de Melo increased, the King entrusted him with more control of the state. By 1755, Sebastião de Melo was made Prime Minister. Impressed by British economic success that he had witnessed from the Ambassador, he successfully implemented similar economic policies in Portugal. He abolished slave...
With whose economic success was de Melo impressed with?
{ "text": [ "British" ], "answer_start": [ 167 ] }
573357944776f4190066085d
Portugal
As the King's confidence in de Melo increased, the King entrusted him with more control of the state. By 1755, Sebastião de Melo was made Prime Minister. Impressed by British economic success that he had witnessed from the Ambassador, he successfully implemented similar economic policies in Portugal. He abolished slave...
Who abolished slavery in Portugal?
{ "text": [ "Sebastião de Melo" ], "answer_start": [ 111 ] }
573357944776f4190066085e
Portugal
As the King's confidence in de Melo increased, the King entrusted him with more control of the state. By 1755, Sebastião de Melo was made Prime Minister. Impressed by British economic success that he had witnessed from the Ambassador, he successfully implemented similar economic policies in Portugal. He abolished slave...
Who ended discrimination against difference Christian sects in Portugal?
{ "text": [ "Sebastião de Melo" ], "answer_start": [ 111 ] }
573360d64776f41900660928
Portugal
But Sebastião de Melo's greatest reforms were economic and financial, with the creation of several companies and guilds to regulate every commercial activity. He demarcated the region for production of Port to ensure the wine's quality, and this was the first attempt to control wine quality and production in Europe. He...
What were de Melo's greatest reforms?
{ "text": [ "economic and financial" ], "answer_start": [ 46 ] }
573360d64776f41900660929
Portugal
But Sebastião de Melo's greatest reforms were economic and financial, with the creation of several companies and guilds to regulate every commercial activity. He demarcated the region for production of Port to ensure the wine's quality, and this was the first attempt to control wine quality and production in Europe. He...
Why did e Melo demarcate the region for production of Port?
{ "text": [ "to ensure the wine's quality" ], "answer_start": [ 207 ] }
573360d64776f4190066092b
Portugal
But Sebastião de Melo's greatest reforms were economic and financial, with the creation of several companies and guilds to regulate every commercial activity. He demarcated the region for production of Port to ensure the wine's quality, and this was the first attempt to control wine quality and production in Europe. He...
Among which class did de Melo's reforms gain him the most enemies?
{ "text": [ "especially among the high nobility" ], "answer_start": [ 576 ] }
573360d64776f4190066092c
Portugal
But Sebastião de Melo's greatest reforms were economic and financial, with the creation of several companies and guilds to regulate every commercial activity. He demarcated the region for production of Port to ensure the wine's quality, and this was the first attempt to control wine quality and production in Europe. He...
Who was the first person to try to ensure the wine's quality in Portugal?
{ "text": [ "Sebastião de Melo" ], "answer_start": [ 4 ] }
5733a8ffd058e614000b5f9b
Portugal
Despite the calamity and huge death toll, Lisbon suffered no epidemics and within less than one year was already being rebuilt. The new city centre of Lisbon was designed to resist subsequent earthquakes. Architectural models were built for tests, and the effects of an earthquake were simulated by marching troops aroun...
What type of natural disaster was the city center of Lisbon designed to resist?
{ "text": [ "earthquakes" ], "answer_start": [ 192 ] }
5733a8ffd058e614000b5f9c
Portugal
Despite the calamity and huge death toll, Lisbon suffered no epidemics and within less than one year was already being rebuilt. The new city centre of Lisbon was designed to resist subsequent earthquakes. Architectural models were built for tests, and the effects of an earthquake were simulated by marching troops aroun...
How were earthquakes simulated on the architectural models?
{ "text": [ "marching troops around the models" ], "answer_start": [ 299 ] }
5733a8ffd058e614000b5f9d
Portugal
Despite the calamity and huge death toll, Lisbon suffered no epidemics and within less than one year was already being rebuilt. The new city centre of Lisbon was designed to resist subsequent earthquakes. Architectural models were built for tests, and the effects of an earthquake were simulated by marching troops aroun...
What are some of Lisbon's tourist attractions?
{ "text": [ "The buildings and big squares of the Pombaline City Centre" ], "answer_start": [ 334 ] }
5733a8ffd058e614000b5f9f
Portugal
Despite the calamity and huge death toll, Lisbon suffered no epidemics and within less than one year was already being rebuilt. The new city centre of Lisbon was designed to resist subsequent earthquakes. Architectural models were built for tests, and the effects of an earthquake were simulated by marching troops aroun...
Did Lisbon suffer any epidemics from the calamity?
{ "text": [ "Lisbon suffered no epidemics" ], "answer_start": [ 42 ] }
5733ad50d058e614000b601d
Portugal
Following the earthquake, Joseph I gave his Prime Minister even more power, and Sebastião de Melo became a powerful, progressive dictator. As his power grew, his enemies increased in number, and bitter disputes with the high nobility became frequent. In 1758 Joseph I was wounded in an attempted assassination. The Távor...
What happened to Joseph I in 1758?
{ "text": [ "wounded in an attempted assassination" ], "answer_start": [ 272 ] }
5733ad50d058e614000b601e
Portugal
Following the earthquake, Joseph I gave his Prime Minister even more power, and Sebastião de Melo became a powerful, progressive dictator. As his power grew, his enemies increased in number, and bitter disputes with the high nobility became frequent. In 1758 Joseph I was wounded in an attempted assassination. The Távor...
Who was implicated in the attempted assassination of Joseph I?
{ "text": [ "The Távora family and the Duke of Aveiro" ], "answer_start": [ 311 ] }
5733ad50d058e614000b601f
Portugal
Following the earthquake, Joseph I gave his Prime Minister even more power, and Sebastião de Melo became a powerful, progressive dictator. As his power grew, his enemies increased in number, and bitter disputes with the high nobility became frequent. In 1758 Joseph I was wounded in an attempted assassination. The Távor...
Who was expelled from the country after the assassination attempt on Joseph I?
{ "text": [ "The Jesuits" ], "answer_start": [ 402 ] }
5733ad50d058e614000b6021
Portugal
Following the earthquake, Joseph I gave his Prime Minister even more power, and Sebastião de Melo became a powerful, progressive dictator. As his power grew, his enemies increased in number, and bitter disputes with the high nobility became frequent. In 1758 Joseph I was wounded in an attempted assassination. The Távor...
In what year did Joseph I make his minister the Count of Oeiras?
{ "text": [ "1759" ], "answer_start": [ 684 ] }
5733afe1d058e614000b604f
Portugal
Following the Távora affair, the new Count of Oeiras knew no opposition. Made "Marquis of Pombal" in 1770, he effectively ruled Portugal until Joseph I's death in 1779. However, historians also argue that Pombal’s "enlightenment," while far-reaching, was primarily a mechanism for enhancing autocracy at the expense of i...
Was the new Count of Oeiras opposed by anyone after the Tavora affair?
{ "text": [ "knew no opposition" ], "answer_start": [ 53 ] }
5733afe1d058e614000b6050
Portugal
Following the Távora affair, the new Count of Oeiras knew no opposition. Made "Marquis of Pombal" in 1770, he effectively ruled Portugal until Joseph I's death in 1779. However, historians also argue that Pombal’s "enlightenment," while far-reaching, was primarily a mechanism for enhancing autocracy at the expense of i...
In which year was the Count of Oeiras made the Marquis of Pambal?
{ "text": [ "1770" ], "answer_start": [ 101 ] }
5733afe1d058e614000b6051
Portugal
Following the Távora affair, the new Count of Oeiras knew no opposition. Made "Marquis of Pombal" in 1770, he effectively ruled Portugal until Joseph I's death in 1779. However, historians also argue that Pombal’s "enlightenment," while far-reaching, was primarily a mechanism for enhancing autocracy at the expense of i...
How long did the Marquis of Pombal rule Portugal?
{ "text": [ "until Joseph I's death in 1779" ], "answer_start": [ 137 ] }
5733afe1d058e614000b6052
Portugal
Following the Távora affair, the new Count of Oeiras knew no opposition. Made "Marquis of Pombal" in 1770, he effectively ruled Portugal until Joseph I's death in 1779. However, historians also argue that Pombal’s "enlightenment," while far-reaching, was primarily a mechanism for enhancing autocracy at the expense of i...
What did Pombal's enlightenment promote at the expense of individual liberty?
{ "text": [ "autocracy" ], "answer_start": [ 291 ] }
5733afe1d058e614000b6053
Portugal
Following the Távora affair, the new Count of Oeiras knew no opposition. Made "Marquis of Pombal" in 1770, he effectively ruled Portugal until Joseph I's death in 1779. However, historians also argue that Pombal’s "enlightenment," while far-reaching, was primarily a mechanism for enhancing autocracy at the expense of i...
What was Pombal's "enlightenment" an apparatus for?
{ "text": [ "crushing opposition, suppressing criticism, and furthering colonial economic exploitation" ], "answer_start": [ 370 ] }
5733b1924776f41900661055
Portugal
With the occupation by Napoleon, Portugal began a slow but inexorable decline that lasted until the 20th century. This decline was hastened by the independence in 1822 of the country's largest colonial possession, Brazil. In 1807, as Napoleon's army closed in on Lisbon, the Prince Regent João VI of Portugal transferred...
Under whose occupation did Portugal begin a slow decline?
{ "text": [ "Napoleon" ], "answer_start": [ 23 ] }
5733b1924776f41900661056
Portugal
With the occupation by Napoleon, Portugal began a slow but inexorable decline that lasted until the 20th century. This decline was hastened by the independence in 1822 of the country's largest colonial possession, Brazil. In 1807, as Napoleon's army closed in on Lisbon, the Prince Regent João VI of Portugal transferred...
How long did Portugal's decline last?
{ "text": [ "until the 20th century" ], "answer_start": [ 90 ] }
5733b1924776f41900661057
Portugal
With the occupation by Napoleon, Portugal began a slow but inexorable decline that lasted until the 20th century. This decline was hastened by the independence in 1822 of the country's largest colonial possession, Brazil. In 1807, as Napoleon's army closed in on Lisbon, the Prince Regent João VI of Portugal transferred...
In what year did Brazil become independent from Portugal?
{ "text": [ "1822" ], "answer_start": [ 163 ] }
5733b1924776f41900661058
Portugal
With the occupation by Napoleon, Portugal began a slow but inexorable decline that lasted until the 20th century. This decline was hastened by the independence in 1822 of the country's largest colonial possession, Brazil. In 1807, as Napoleon's army closed in on Lisbon, the Prince Regent João VI of Portugal transferred...
To where did Prince Regent Joao VI of Portugal transfer his court?
{ "text": [ "Brazil" ], "answer_start": [ 334 ] }
5733b1924776f41900661059
Portugal
With the occupation by Napoleon, Portugal began a slow but inexorable decline that lasted until the 20th century. This decline was hastened by the independence in 1822 of the country's largest colonial possession, Brazil. In 1807, as Napoleon's army closed in on Lisbon, the Prince Regent João VI of Portugal transferred...
What was the name of the pluricontinental state formed by Portugal and Brazil in 1815?
{ "text": [ "United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves" ], "answer_start": [ 538 ] }
5733b2a64776f4190066107c
Portugal
As a result of the change in its status and the arrival of the Portuguese royal family, Brazilian administrative, civic, economical, military, educational, and scientific apparatus were expanded and highly modernized. Portuguese and their allied British troops fought against the French Invasion of Portugal and by 1815 ...
Portugese and British troops fought against the invasion of which country?
{ "text": [ "French" ], "answer_start": [ 280 ] }
5733b2a64776f4190066107d
Portugal
As a result of the change in its status and the arrival of the Portuguese royal family, Brazilian administrative, civic, economical, military, educational, and scientific apparatus were expanded and highly modernized. Portuguese and their allied British troops fought against the French Invasion of Portugal and by 1815 ...
By what year had the situation in Europe cool down enough so that Joao VI would have been able to safely return to Lisbon?
{ "text": [ "1815" ], "answer_start": [ 315 ] }
5733b2a64776f4190066107e
Portugal
As a result of the change in its status and the arrival of the Portuguese royal family, Brazilian administrative, civic, economical, military, educational, and scientific apparatus were expanded and highly modernized. Portuguese and their allied British troops fought against the French Invasion of Portugal and by 1815 ...
Until when did the King of Portugal remain in Brazil?
{ "text": [ "until the Liberal Revolution of 1820" ], "answer_start": [ 484 ] }
5733b2a64776f4190066107f
Portugal
As a result of the change in its status and the arrival of the Portuguese royal family, Brazilian administrative, civic, economical, military, educational, and scientific apparatus were expanded and highly modernized. Portuguese and their allied British troops fought against the French Invasion of Portugal and by 1815 ...
Where did the Liberal Revolution of 1820 begin?
{ "text": [ "Porto" ], "answer_start": [ 539 ] }
5733b49a4776f419006610bf
Portugal
With the Conference of Berlin of 1884, Portuguese Africa territories had their borders formally established on request of Portugal in order to protect the centuries-long Portuguese interests in the continent from rivalries enticed by the Scramble for Africa. Portuguese Africa's cities and towns like Nova Lisboa, Sá da ...
When was the Conference of Berlin held?
{ "text": [ "1884" ], "answer_start": [ 33 ] }
5733b49a4776f419006610c1
Portugal
With the Conference of Berlin of 1884, Portuguese Africa territories had their borders formally established on request of Portugal in order to protect the centuries-long Portuguese interests in the continent from rivalries enticed by the Scramble for Africa. Portuguese Africa's cities and towns like Nova Lisboa, Sá da ...
During what period were the Portugese Africa's cities founded or redeveloped?
{ "text": [ "Scramble for Africa" ], "answer_start": [ 238 ] }
5733b49a4776f419006610c2
Portugal
With the Conference of Berlin of 1884, Portuguese Africa territories had their borders formally established on request of Portugal in order to protect the centuries-long Portuguese interests in the continent from rivalries enticed by the Scramble for Africa. Portuguese Africa's cities and towns like Nova Lisboa, Sá da ...
What new Portugese Africa's coastal towns were developed during the Scramble for Africa?
{ "text": [ "Beira, Moçâmedes, Lobito, João Belo, Nacala and Porto Amélia" ], "answer_start": [ 489 ] }
5733b49a4776f419006610c3
Portugal
With the Conference of Berlin of 1884, Portuguese Africa territories had their borders formally established on request of Portugal in order to protect the centuries-long Portuguese interests in the continent from rivalries enticed by the Scramble for Africa. Portuguese Africa's cities and towns like Nova Lisboa, Sá da ...
When were railroad tracks being installed Portugese Africa?
{ "text": [ "before the turn of the 20th century" ], "answer_start": [ 574 ] }
5733b5944776f419006610f1
Portugal
On 1 February 1908, the king Dom Carlos I of Portugal and his heir apparent, Prince Royal Dom Luís Filipe, Duke of Braganza, were murdered in Lisbon. Under his rule, Portugal had twice been declared bankrupt – on 14 June 1892, and again on 10 May 1902 – causing social turmoil, economic disturbances, protests, revolts a...
On what day were King Dom Carlos I and and his heir, Prince Royal Dom Luis Filipe, Duke of Braganza, murdered?
{ "text": [ "1 February 1908" ], "answer_start": [ 3 ] }
5733b5944776f419006610f2
Portugal
On 1 February 1908, the king Dom Carlos I of Portugal and his heir apparent, Prince Royal Dom Luís Filipe, Duke of Braganza, were murdered in Lisbon. Under his rule, Portugal had twice been declared bankrupt – on 14 June 1892, and again on 10 May 1902 – causing social turmoil, economic disturbances, protests, revolts a...
Under the rule of King Dom Carlos I, on what two days was Portugal declared bankrupt?
{ "text": [ "on 14 June 1892, and again on 10 May 1902" ], "answer_start": [ 210 ] }
5733b5944776f419006610f3
Portugal
On 1 February 1908, the king Dom Carlos I of Portugal and his heir apparent, Prince Royal Dom Luís Filipe, Duke of Braganza, were murdered in Lisbon. Under his rule, Portugal had twice been declared bankrupt – on 14 June 1892, and again on 10 May 1902 – causing social turmoil, economic disturbances, protests, revolts a...
Who succeeded King Dom Carlos I as king?
{ "text": [ "Manuel II of Portugal" ], "answer_start": [ 350 ] }
5733b5944776f419006610f4
Portugal
On 1 February 1908, the king Dom Carlos I of Portugal and his heir apparent, Prince Royal Dom Luís Filipe, Duke of Braganza, were murdered in Lisbon. Under his rule, Portugal had twice been declared bankrupt – on 14 June 1892, and again on 10 May 1902 – causing social turmoil, economic disturbances, protests, revolts a...
On what day was King Manuel II overthrown?
{ "text": [ "5 October 1910" ], "answer_start": [ 430 ] }
5733b5944776f419006610f5
Portugal
On 1 February 1908, the king Dom Carlos I of Portugal and his heir apparent, Prince Royal Dom Luís Filipe, Duke of Braganza, were murdered in Lisbon. Under his rule, Portugal had twice been declared bankrupt – on 14 June 1892, and again on 10 May 1902 – causing social turmoil, economic disturbances, protests, revolts a...
During the Portuguese First Republic, what creating a fertile ground for chaos and unrest?
{ "text": [ "Political instability and economic weaknesses" ], "answer_start": [ 524 ] }
5733b70fd058e614000b612a
Portugal
This in turn led to the establishment of the right-wing dictatorship of the Estado Novo under António de Oliveira Salazar in 1933. Portugal was one of only five European countries to remain neutral in World War II. From the 1940s to the 1960s, Portugal was a founding member of NATO, OECD and the European Free Trade Ass...
Who led the Estado Novo?
{ "text": [ "António de Oliveira Salazar" ], "answer_start": [ 94 ] }
5733b70fd058e614000b612b
Portugal
This in turn led to the establishment of the right-wing dictatorship of the Estado Novo under António de Oliveira Salazar in 1933. Portugal was one of only five European countries to remain neutral in World War II. From the 1940s to the 1960s, Portugal was a founding member of NATO, OECD and the European Free Trade Ass...
In what year was the Estado Novo established?
{ "text": [ "1933" ], "answer_start": [ 125 ] }
5733b70fd058e614000b612c
Portugal
This in turn led to the establishment of the right-wing dictatorship of the Estado Novo under António de Oliveira Salazar in 1933. Portugal was one of only five European countries to remain neutral in World War II. From the 1940s to the 1960s, Portugal was a founding member of NATO, OECD and the European Free Trade Ass...
How many European countries remained neutral throughout World War II?
{ "text": [ "five" ], "answer_start": [ 156 ] }
5733c3a6d058e614000b61e9
Portugal
The Portuguese government and army successfully resisted the decolonization of its overseas territories until April 1974, when a bloodless left-wing military coup in Lisbon, known as the Carnation Revolution, led the way for the independence of the overseas territories in Africa and Asia, as well as for the restoration...
Until when did the Portuguese government resist decolonization of their overseas territories?
{ "text": [ "April 1974" ], "answer_start": [ 110 ] }
5733c3a6d058e614000b61ea
Portugal
The Portuguese government and army successfully resisted the decolonization of its overseas territories until April 1974, when a bloodless left-wing military coup in Lisbon, known as the Carnation Revolution, led the way for the independence of the overseas territories in Africa and Asia, as well as for the restoration...
What was the Carnation Revolution?
{ "text": [ "left-wing military coup in Lisbon" ], "answer_start": [ 139 ] }
5733c432d058e614000b61f7
Portugal
The country continued to be governed by a Junta de Salvação Nacional until the Portuguese legislative election of 1976. It was won by the Portuguese Socialist Party (PS) and Mário Soares, its leader, became Prime Minister of the 1st Constitutional Government on 23 July. Mário Soares would be Prime Minister from 1976 to...
What entity governed Portugal until 1976?
{ "text": [ "Junta de Salvação Nacional" ], "answer_start": [ 42 ] }
5733c432d058e614000b61f8
Portugal
The country continued to be governed by a Junta de Salvação Nacional until the Portuguese legislative election of 1976. It was won by the Portuguese Socialist Party (PS) and Mário Soares, its leader, became Prime Minister of the 1st Constitutional Government on 23 July. Mário Soares would be Prime Minister from 1976 to...
Which party won the Portuguese election in 1976?
{ "text": [ "Socialist Party" ], "answer_start": [ 149 ] }