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573425f84776f4190066196b
Montana
Tracks of the Northern Pacific Railroad (NPR) reached Montana from the west in 1881 and from the east in 1882. However, the railroad played a major role in sparking tensions with Native American tribes in the 1870s. Jay Cooke, the NPR president launched major surveys into the Yellowstone valley in 1871, 1872 and 1873 w...
What years were the railroad challenged by Chief Sitting Bull?
{ "text": [ "1871, 1872 and 1873" ], "answer_start": [ 299 ] }
573425f84776f4190066196c
Montana
Tracks of the Northern Pacific Railroad (NPR) reached Montana from the west in 1881 and from the east in 1882. However, the railroad played a major role in sparking tensions with Native American tribes in the 1870s. Jay Cooke, the NPR president launched major surveys into the Yellowstone valley in 1871, 1872 and 1873 w...
What year was the Great White Sioux War?
{ "text": [ "1876" ], "answer_start": [ 572 ] }
573425f84776f4190066196d
Montana
Tracks of the Northern Pacific Railroad (NPR) reached Montana from the west in 1881 and from the east in 1882. However, the railroad played a major role in sparking tensions with Native American tribes in the 1870s. Jay Cooke, the NPR president launched major surveys into the Yellowstone valley in 1871, 1872 and 1873 w...
When was the transcontinental National Pacific Railroad finished?
{ "text": [ "1883" ], "answer_start": [ 633 ] }
573426864776f4190066197d
Montana
Under Territorial Governor Thomas Meagher, Montanans held a constitutional convention in 1866 in a failed bid for statehood. A second constitutional convention was held in Helena in 1884 that produced a constitution ratified 3:1 by Montana citizens in November 1884. For political reasons, Congress did not approve Monta...
When was the first constitutional convention held in Montana?
{ "text": [ "1866" ], "answer_start": [ 89 ] }
573426864776f4190066197e
Montana
Under Territorial Governor Thomas Meagher, Montanans held a constitutional convention in 1866 in a failed bid for statehood. A second constitutional convention was held in Helena in 1884 that produced a constitution ratified 3:1 by Montana citizens in November 1884. For political reasons, Congress did not approve Monta...
Why was this constitutional convention held?
{ "text": [ "bid for statehood" ], "answer_start": [ 106 ] }
573426864776f4190066197f
Montana
Under Territorial Governor Thomas Meagher, Montanans held a constitutional convention in 1866 in a failed bid for statehood. A second constitutional convention was held in Helena in 1884 that produced a constitution ratified 3:1 by Montana citizens in November 1884. For political reasons, Congress did not approve Monta...
When was the second constitutional convention held?
{ "text": [ "1884" ], "answer_start": [ 261 ] }
573426864776f41900661980
Montana
Under Territorial Governor Thomas Meagher, Montanans held a constitutional convention in 1866 in a failed bid for statehood. A second constitutional convention was held in Helena in 1884 that produced a constitution ratified 3:1 by Montana citizens in November 1884. For political reasons, Congress did not approve Monta...
What year was Montana's statehood approved?
{ "text": [ "1889" ], "answer_start": [ 393 ] }
573426864776f41900661981
Montana
Under Territorial Governor Thomas Meagher, Montanans held a constitutional convention in 1866 in a failed bid for statehood. A second constitutional convention was held in Helena in 1884 that produced a constitution ratified 3:1 by Montana citizens in November 1884. For political reasons, Congress did not approve Monta...
What other three states were approved in the same year?
{ "text": [ "North Dakota, South Dakota and Washington" ], "answer_start": [ 483 ] }
573426e6d058e614000b6a20
Montana
The Homestead Act of 1862 provided free land to settlers who could claim and "prove-up" 160 acres (0.65 km2) of federal land in the midwest and western United States. Montana did not see a large influx of immigrants from this act because 160 acres was usually insufficient to support a family in the arid territory. The ...
What year did the Homestead Act provide land to settlers?
{ "text": [ "1862" ], "answer_start": [ 21 ] }
573426e6d058e614000b6a21
Montana
The Homestead Act of 1862 provided free land to settlers who could claim and "prove-up" 160 acres (0.65 km2) of federal land in the midwest and western United States. Montana did not see a large influx of immigrants from this act because 160 acres was usually insufficient to support a family in the arid territory. The ...
How much land did the Homestead Act allow?
{ "text": [ "160 acres" ], "answer_start": [ 88 ] }
573426e6d058e614000b6a22
Montana
The Homestead Act of 1862 provided free land to settlers who could claim and "prove-up" 160 acres (0.65 km2) of federal land in the midwest and western United States. Montana did not see a large influx of immigrants from this act because 160 acres was usually insufficient to support a family in the arid territory. The ...
What year was the first homestead claim claimed?
{ "text": [ "1868" ], "answer_start": [ 410 ] }
57342785d058e614000b6a2e
Montana
The Desert Land Act of 1877 was passed to allow settlement of arid lands in the west and allotted 640 acres (2.6 km2) to settlers for a fee of $.25 per acre and a promise to irrigate the land. After three years, a fee of one dollar per acre would be paid and the land would be owned by the settler. This act brought most...
When was the Desert Land Act passed?
{ "text": [ "1877" ], "answer_start": [ 23 ] }
57342785d058e614000b6a2f
Montana
The Desert Land Act of 1877 was passed to allow settlement of arid lands in the west and allotted 640 acres (2.6 km2) to settlers for a fee of $.25 per acre and a promise to irrigate the land. After three years, a fee of one dollar per acre would be paid and the land would be owned by the settler. This act brought most...
How much land did the Desert Land Act allot?
{ "text": [ "640 acres" ], "answer_start": [ 98 ] }
57342785d058e614000b6a30
Montana
The Desert Land Act of 1877 was passed to allow settlement of arid lands in the west and allotted 640 acres (2.6 km2) to settlers for a fee of $.25 per acre and a promise to irrigate the land. After three years, a fee of one dollar per acre would be paid and the land would be owned by the settler. This act brought most...
How much was the charge per acre at first?
{ "text": [ "$.25" ], "answer_start": [ 143 ] }
57342802d058e614000b6a40
Montana
In the early 1900s, James J. Hill of the Great Northern began promoting settlement in the Montana prairie to fill his trains with settlers and goods. Other railroads followed suit. In 1902, the Reclamation Act was passed, allowing irrigation projects to be built in Montana's eastern river valleys. In 1909, Congress pas...
Who promoted settlement in Montana in the early 1900s
{ "text": [ "James J. Hill" ], "answer_start": [ 20 ] }
57342802d058e614000b6a41
Montana
In the early 1900s, James J. Hill of the Great Northern began promoting settlement in the Montana prairie to fill his trains with settlers and goods. Other railroads followed suit. In 1902, the Reclamation Act was passed, allowing irrigation projects to be built in Montana's eastern river valleys. In 1909, Congress pas...
In what year was the Reclamation Act passed?
{ "text": [ "1902" ], "answer_start": [ 184 ] }
57342802d058e614000b6a42
Montana
In the early 1900s, James J. Hill of the Great Northern began promoting settlement in the Montana prairie to fill his trains with settlers and goods. Other railroads followed suit. In 1902, the Reclamation Act was passed, allowing irrigation projects to be built in Montana's eastern river valleys. In 1909, Congress pas...
What year was the Enlarged Homestead Act passed?
{ "text": [ "1909" ], "answer_start": [ 302 ] }
57342802d058e614000b6a43
Montana
In the early 1900s, James J. Hill of the Great Northern began promoting settlement in the Montana prairie to fill his trains with settlers and goods. Other railroads followed suit. In 1902, the Reclamation Act was passed, allowing irrigation projects to be built in Montana's eastern river valleys. In 1909, Congress pas...
How much land was alloted in the new Enlarged Homestead Act?
{ "text": [ "320 acres" ], "answer_start": [ 401 ] }
5734288c4776f419006619bf
Montana
In June 1917, the U.S. Congress passed the Espionage Act of 1917 which was later extended by the Sedition Act of 1918, enacted in May 1918. In February 1918, the Montana legislature had passed the Montana Sedition Act, which was a model for the federal version. In combination, these laws criminalized criticism of the U...
When did Congress pass the Espionage Act?
{ "text": [ "1917" ], "answer_start": [ 60 ] }
5734288c4776f419006619c0
Montana
In June 1917, the U.S. Congress passed the Espionage Act of 1917 which was later extended by the Sedition Act of 1918, enacted in May 1918. In February 1918, the Montana legislature had passed the Montana Sedition Act, which was a model for the federal version. In combination, these laws criminalized criticism of the U...
When was the Sedition Act passed?
{ "text": [ "1918" ], "answer_start": [ 113 ] }
5734288c4776f419006619c2
Montana
In June 1917, the U.S. Congress passed the Espionage Act of 1917 which was later extended by the Sedition Act of 1918, enacted in May 1918. In February 1918, the Montana legislature had passed the Montana Sedition Act, which was a model for the federal version. In combination, these laws criminalized criticism of the U...
How many people were arrested from the Montana Act?
{ "text": [ "200" ], "answer_start": [ 430 ] }
5734288c4776f419006619c3
Montana
In June 1917, the U.S. Congress passed the Espionage Act of 1917 which was later extended by the Sedition Act of 1918, enacted in May 1918. In February 1918, the Montana legislature had passed the Montana Sedition Act, which was a model for the federal version. In combination, these laws criminalized criticism of the U...
How many of the 200 arrested in the Montana Act were convicted?
{ "text": [ "78" ], "answer_start": [ 468 ] }
5734296dd058e614000b6a6e
Montana
When the U.S. entered World War II on December 8, 1941, many Montanans already had enlisted in the military to escape the poor national economy of the previous decade. Another 40,000-plus Montanans entered the armed forces in the first year following the declaration of war, and over 57,000 joined up before the war ende...
How many Montanans entered the miltary in the first year of the war?
{ "text": [ "40,000-plus" ], "answer_start": [ 176 ] }
5734296dd058e614000b6a6f
Montana
When the U.S. entered World War II on December 8, 1941, many Montanans already had enlisted in the military to escape the poor national economy of the previous decade. Another 40,000-plus Montanans entered the armed forces in the first year following the declaration of war, and over 57,000 joined up before the war ende...
How many Montanans joined the military in the war total?
{ "text": [ "over 57,000" ], "answer_start": [ 279 ] }
5734296dd058e614000b6a70
Montana
When the U.S. entered World War II on December 8, 1941, many Montanans already had enlisted in the military to escape the poor national economy of the previous decade. Another 40,000-plus Montanans entered the armed forces in the first year following the declaration of war, and over 57,000 joined up before the war ende...
About how many Montanans died in the war?
{ "text": [ "At least 1500" ], "answer_start": [ 609 ] }
5734296dd058e614000b6a71
Montana
When the U.S. entered World War II on December 8, 1941, many Montanans already had enlisted in the military to escape the poor national economy of the previous decade. Another 40,000-plus Montanans entered the armed forces in the first year following the declaration of war, and over 57,000 joined up before the war ende...
Who trained at the military grounds in Montana?
{ "text": [ "First Special Service Force or \"Devil's Brigade,\"" ], "answer_start": [ 695 ] }
5734296dd058e614000b6a72
Montana
When the U.S. entered World War II on December 8, 1941, many Montanans already had enlisted in the military to escape the poor national economy of the previous decade. Another 40,000-plus Montanans entered the armed forces in the first year following the declaration of war, and over 57,000 joined up before the war ende...
Where were air bases built in Montana?
{ "text": [ "Great Falls, Lewistown, Cut Bank and Glasgow" ], "answer_start": [ 926 ] }
5733f55e4776f419006615ab
Punjab,_Pakistan
Punjab (Urdu, Punjabi: پنجاب, panj-āb, "five waters": listen (help·info)), also spelled Panjab, is the most populous of the four provinces of Pakistan. It has an area of 205,344 square kilometres (79,284 square miles) and a population of 91.379.615 in 2011, approximately 56% of the country's total population. Its provi...
What does Punjab mean?
{ "text": [ "five waters" ], "answer_start": [ 40 ] }
5733f55e4776f419006615ac
Punjab,_Pakistan
Punjab (Urdu, Punjabi: پنجاب, panj-āb, "five waters": listen (help·info)), also spelled Panjab, is the most populous of the four provinces of Pakistan. It has an area of 205,344 square kilometres (79,284 square miles) and a population of 91.379.615 in 2011, approximately 56% of the country's total population. Its provi...
How many provinces does Pakistan have?
{ "text": [ "four" ], "answer_start": [ 125 ] }
5733f55e4776f419006615ad
Punjab,_Pakistan
Punjab (Urdu, Punjabi: پنجاب, panj-āb, "five waters": listen (help·info)), also spelled Panjab, is the most populous of the four provinces of Pakistan. It has an area of 205,344 square kilometres (79,284 square miles) and a population of 91.379.615 in 2011, approximately 56% of the country's total population. Its provi...
How large is Punjab?
{ "text": [ "205,344 square kilometres (79,284 square miles)" ], "answer_start": [ 171 ] }
5733f55e4776f419006615ae
Punjab,_Pakistan
Punjab (Urdu, Punjabi: پنجاب, panj-āb, "five waters": listen (help·info)), also spelled Panjab, is the most populous of the four provinces of Pakistan. It has an area of 205,344 square kilometres (79,284 square miles) and a population of 91.379.615 in 2011, approximately 56% of the country's total population. Its provi...
What is Punjab's population?
{ "text": [ "91.379.615" ], "answer_start": [ 239 ] }
5733f55e4776f419006615af
Punjab,_Pakistan
Punjab (Urdu, Punjabi: پنجاب, panj-āb, "five waters": listen (help·info)), also spelled Panjab, is the most populous of the four provinces of Pakistan. It has an area of 205,344 square kilometres (79,284 square miles) and a population of 91.379.615 in 2011, approximately 56% of the country's total population. Its provi...
What is Punjab's biggest city?
{ "text": [ "Lahore" ], "answer_start": [ 355 ] }
5733f6a24776f419006615cf
Punjab,_Pakistan
Punjab's geography mostly consists of the alluvial plain of the Indus River and its four major tributaries in Pakistan, the Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, and Sutlej rivers. There are several mountainous regions, including the Sulaiman Mountains in the southwest part of the province, and Margalla Hills, Salt Range, and Pothohar...
What plain is Punjab in?
{ "text": [ "the alluvial plain of the Indus River" ], "answer_start": [ 38 ] }
5733f6a24776f419006615d0
Punjab,_Pakistan
Punjab's geography mostly consists of the alluvial plain of the Indus River and its four major tributaries in Pakistan, the Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, and Sutlej rivers. There are several mountainous regions, including the Sulaiman Mountains in the southwest part of the province, and Margalla Hills, Salt Range, and Pothohar...
What are the Indus River's tributaries?
{ "text": [ "the Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, and Sutlej rivers" ], "answer_start": [ 120 ] }
5733f6a24776f419006615d1
Punjab,_Pakistan
Punjab's geography mostly consists of the alluvial plain of the Indus River and its four major tributaries in Pakistan, the Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, and Sutlej rivers. There are several mountainous regions, including the Sulaiman Mountains in the southwest part of the province, and Margalla Hills, Salt Range, and Pothohar...
How much of Pakistan's large-scale manufacturing is in Punjab?
{ "text": [ "39.2%" ], "answer_start": [ 604 ] }
5733f6a24776f419006615d2
Punjab,_Pakistan
Punjab's geography mostly consists of the alluvial plain of the Indus River and its four major tributaries in Pakistan, the Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, and Sutlej rivers. There are several mountainous regions, including the Sulaiman Mountains in the southwest part of the province, and Margalla Hills, Salt Range, and Pothohar...
How much of Pakistan's small-scale manufacturing is in Punjab?
{ "text": [ "70%" ], "answer_start": [ 643 ] }
5733f6a24776f419006615d3
Punjab,_Pakistan
Punjab's geography mostly consists of the alluvial plain of the Indus River and its four major tributaries in Pakistan, the Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, and Sutlej rivers. There are several mountainous regions, including the Sulaiman Mountains in the southwest part of the province, and Margalla Hills, Salt Range, and Pothohar...
What crops does Punjab grow?
{ "text": [ "wheat and cotton" ], "answer_start": [ 411 ] }
5733f8154776f419006615ed
Punjab,_Pakistan
Punjab is Pakistan's second largest province in terms of land area at 205,344 km2 (79,284 sq mi), after Balochistan, and is located at the north western edge of the geologic Indian plate in South Asia. The province is bordered by Kashmir (Azad Kashmir, Pakistan and Jammu and Kashmir, India) to the northeast, the Indian...
How large is Punjab compared to the other three provinces?
{ "text": [ "second largest" ], "answer_start": [ 21 ] }
5733f8154776f419006615ee
Punjab,_Pakistan
Punjab is Pakistan's second largest province in terms of land area at 205,344 km2 (79,284 sq mi), after Balochistan, and is located at the north western edge of the geologic Indian plate in South Asia. The province is bordered by Kashmir (Azad Kashmir, Pakistan and Jammu and Kashmir, India) to the northeast, the Indian...
What is Pakistan's largest province?
{ "text": [ "Balochistan" ], "answer_start": [ 104 ] }
5733f8154776f419006615ef
Punjab,_Pakistan
Punjab is Pakistan's second largest province in terms of land area at 205,344 km2 (79,284 sq mi), after Balochistan, and is located at the north western edge of the geologic Indian plate in South Asia. The province is bordered by Kashmir (Azad Kashmir, Pakistan and Jammu and Kashmir, India) to the northeast, the Indian...
How many square miles is Punjab?
{ "text": [ "79,284" ], "answer_start": [ 83 ] }
5733f8154776f419006615f0
Punjab,_Pakistan
Punjab is Pakistan's second largest province in terms of land area at 205,344 km2 (79,284 sq mi), after Balochistan, and is located at the north western edge of the geologic Indian plate in South Asia. The province is bordered by Kashmir (Azad Kashmir, Pakistan and Jammu and Kashmir, India) to the northeast, the Indian...
What Indian states are on the east side of Punjab, Pakistan?
{ "text": [ "Punjab and Rajasthan" ], "answer_start": [ 331 ] }
5733f8154776f419006615f1
Punjab,_Pakistan
Punjab is Pakistan's second largest province in terms of land area at 205,344 km2 (79,284 sq mi), after Balochistan, and is located at the north western edge of the geologic Indian plate in South Asia. The province is bordered by Kashmir (Azad Kashmir, Pakistan and Jammu and Kashmir, India) to the northeast, the Indian...
What Pakistani province is south of Punjab?
{ "text": [ "Sindh" ], "answer_start": [ 391 ] }
5733f899d058e614000b66c5
Punjab,_Pakistan
The capital and largest city is Lahore which was the historical capital of the wider Punjab region. Other important cities include Faisalabad, Rawalpindi, Gujranwala, Sargodha, Multan, Sialkot, Bahawalpur, Gujrat, Sheikhupura, Jhelum and Sahiwal. Undivided Punjab is home to six rivers, of which five flow through Pakist...
Which province in Pakistan borders the other 3 provinces?
{ "text": [ "Punjab" ], "answer_start": [ 461 ] }
5733f899d058e614000b66c6
Punjab,_Pakistan
The capital and largest city is Lahore which was the historical capital of the wider Punjab region. Other important cities include Faisalabad, Rawalpindi, Gujranwala, Sargodha, Multan, Sialkot, Bahawalpur, Gujrat, Sheikhupura, Jhelum and Sahiwal. Undivided Punjab is home to six rivers, of which five flow through Pakist...
What is Pakistan's capital?
{ "text": [ "Islamabad" ], "answer_start": [ 607 ] }
5733f899d058e614000b66c7
Punjab,_Pakistan
The capital and largest city is Lahore which was the historical capital of the wider Punjab region. Other important cities include Faisalabad, Rawalpindi, Gujranwala, Sargodha, Multan, Sialkot, Bahawalpur, Gujrat, Sheikhupura, Jhelum and Sahiwal. Undivided Punjab is home to six rivers, of which five flow through Pakist...
How many rivers are in Punjab, Pakistan?
{ "text": [ "five" ], "answer_start": [ 296 ] }
5733f899d058e614000b66c8
Punjab,_Pakistan
The capital and largest city is Lahore which was the historical capital of the wider Punjab region. Other important cities include Faisalabad, Rawalpindi, Gujranwala, Sargodha, Multan, Sialkot, Bahawalpur, Gujrat, Sheikhupura, Jhelum and Sahiwal. Undivided Punjab is home to six rivers, of which five flow through Pakist...
What is the easternmost river in Punjab?
{ "text": [ "Sutlej" ], "answer_start": [ 404 ] }
5733f899d058e614000b66c9
Punjab,_Pakistan
The capital and largest city is Lahore which was the historical capital of the wider Punjab region. Other important cities include Faisalabad, Rawalpindi, Gujranwala, Sargodha, Multan, Sialkot, Bahawalpur, Gujrat, Sheikhupura, Jhelum and Sahiwal. Undivided Punjab is home to six rivers, of which five flow through Pakist...
How much of Pakistan's population lives in Punjab?
{ "text": [ "Nearly 60%" ], "answer_start": [ 412 ] }
5733f93e4776f41900661601
Punjab,_Pakistan
There are 48 departments in Punjab government. Each Department is headed by a Provincial Minister (Politician) and a Provincial Secretary (A civil servant of usually BPS-20 or BPS-21). All Ministers report to the Chief Minister, who is the Chief Executive. All Secretaries report to the Chief Secretary of Punjab, who is...
How many departments does the Punjab administration have?
{ "text": [ "48" ], "answer_start": [ 10 ] }
5733f93e4776f41900661602
Punjab,_Pakistan
There are 48 departments in Punjab government. Each Department is headed by a Provincial Minister (Politician) and a Provincial Secretary (A civil servant of usually BPS-20 or BPS-21). All Ministers report to the Chief Minister, who is the Chief Executive. All Secretaries report to the Chief Secretary of Punjab, who is...
Who heads each government department?
{ "text": [ "a Provincial Minister (Politician) and a Provincial Secretary" ], "answer_start": [ 76 ] }
5733f93e4776f41900661603
Punjab,_Pakistan
There are 48 departments in Punjab government. Each Department is headed by a Provincial Minister (Politician) and a Provincial Secretary (A civil servant of usually BPS-20 or BPS-21). All Ministers report to the Chief Minister, who is the Chief Executive. All Secretaries report to the Chief Secretary of Punjab, who is...
Who do the Provincial Ministers report to?
{ "text": [ "the Chief Minister" ], "answer_start": [ 209 ] }
5733f93e4776f41900661604
Punjab,_Pakistan
There are 48 departments in Punjab government. Each Department is headed by a Provincial Minister (Politician) and a Provincial Secretary (A civil servant of usually BPS-20 or BPS-21). All Ministers report to the Chief Minister, who is the Chief Executive. All Secretaries report to the Chief Secretary of Punjab, who is...
Who do the Provincial Secretaries report to?
{ "text": [ "the Chief Secretary of Punjab" ], "answer_start": [ 283 ] }
5733f93e4776f41900661605
Punjab,_Pakistan
There are 48 departments in Punjab government. Each Department is headed by a Provincial Minister (Politician) and a Provincial Secretary (A civil servant of usually BPS-20 or BPS-21). All Ministers report to the Chief Minister, who is the Chief Executive. All Secretaries report to the Chief Secretary of Punjab, who is...
What rank is the Chief Secretary?
{ "text": [ "usually a BPS-22 Civil Servant" ], "answer_start": [ 321 ] }
5733f9ac4776f4190066160b
Punjab,_Pakistan
Punjab during Mahabharata times was known as Panchanada. Punjab was part of the Indus Valley Civilization, more than 4000 years ago. The main site in Punjab was the city of Harrapa. The Indus Valley Civilization spanned much of what is today Pakistan and eventually evolved into the Indo-Aryan civilisation. The Vedic ci...
What was Punjab formerly known as?
{ "text": [ "Panchanada" ], "answer_start": [ 45 ] }
5733f9ac4776f4190066160c
Punjab,_Pakistan
Punjab during Mahabharata times was known as Panchanada. Punjab was part of the Indus Valley Civilization, more than 4000 years ago. The main site in Punjab was the city of Harrapa. The Indus Valley Civilization spanned much of what is today Pakistan and eventually evolved into the Indo-Aryan civilisation. The Vedic ci...
What ancient civilization lived in Punjab?
{ "text": [ "the Indus Valley Civilization" ], "answer_start": [ 76 ] }
5733f9ac4776f4190066160d
Punjab,_Pakistan
Punjab during Mahabharata times was known as Panchanada. Punjab was part of the Indus Valley Civilization, more than 4000 years ago. The main site in Punjab was the city of Harrapa. The Indus Valley Civilization spanned much of what is today Pakistan and eventually evolved into the Indo-Aryan civilisation. The Vedic ci...
When was Punjab part of the Indus Valley Civilization?
{ "text": [ "more than 4000 years ago" ], "answer_start": [ 107 ] }
5733f9ac4776f4190066160e
Punjab,_Pakistan
Punjab during Mahabharata times was known as Panchanada. Punjab was part of the Indus Valley Civilization, more than 4000 years ago. The main site in Punjab was the city of Harrapa. The Indus Valley Civilization spanned much of what is today Pakistan and eventually evolved into the Indo-Aryan civilisation. The Vedic ci...
What was the major Indus city in Punjab?
{ "text": [ "Harrapa" ], "answer_start": [ 173 ] }
5733f9ac4776f4190066160f
Punjab,_Pakistan
Punjab during Mahabharata times was known as Panchanada. Punjab was part of the Indus Valley Civilization, more than 4000 years ago. The main site in Punjab was the city of Harrapa. The Indus Valley Civilization spanned much of what is today Pakistan and eventually evolved into the Indo-Aryan civilisation. The Vedic ci...
What were bricks taken from Harrapa for the construction of?
{ "text": [ "the Lahore-Multan railroad" ], "answer_start": [ 557 ] }
5733fbd54776f41900661641
Punjab,_Pakistan
Due to its location, the Punjab region came under constant attacks and influence from the west and witnessed centuries of foreign invasions by the Greeks, Kushans, Scythians, Turks, and Afghans. The city of Taxila, founded by son of Taksh the son Bharat who was the brother of Ram. It was reputed to house the oldest uni...
Who has invaded Punjab?
{ "text": [ "Greeks, Kushans, Scythians, Turks, and Afghans" ], "answer_start": [ 147 ] }
5733fbd54776f41900661643
Punjab,_Pakistan
Due to its location, the Punjab region came under constant attacks and influence from the west and witnessed centuries of foreign invasions by the Greeks, Kushans, Scythians, Turks, and Afghans. The city of Taxila, founded by son of Taksh the son Bharat who was the brother of Ram. It was reputed to house the oldest uni...
What is said to be the world's oldest university?
{ "text": [ "Takshashila University" ], "answer_start": [ 359 ] }
5733fbd54776f41900661644
Punjab,_Pakistan
Due to its location, the Punjab region came under constant attacks and influence from the west and witnessed centuries of foreign invasions by the Greeks, Kushans, Scythians, Turks, and Afghans. The city of Taxila, founded by son of Taksh the son Bharat who was the brother of Ram. It was reputed to house the oldest uni...
What empire was Taxila a center of learning of?
{ "text": [ "the Maurya Empire" ], "answer_start": [ 529 ] }
5733fbd54776f41900661645
Punjab,_Pakistan
Due to its location, the Punjab region came under constant attacks and influence from the west and witnessed centuries of foreign invasions by the Greeks, Kushans, Scythians, Turks, and Afghans. The city of Taxila, founded by son of Taksh the son Bharat who was the brother of Ram. It was reputed to house the oldest uni...
Who was Chanakya?
{ "text": [ "great Vedic thinker and politician" ], "answer_start": [ 411 ] }
5733fc754776f4190066164b
Punjab,_Pakistan
The northwestern part of the South Asia, including Punjab, was repeatedly invaded or conquered by various foreign empires, such as those of Tamerlane, Alexander the Great and Genghis Khan. Having conquered Drangiana, Arachosia, Gedrosia and Seistan in ten days, Alexander crossed the Hindu Kush and was thus fully inform...
Where did Alexander the Great conquer in 10 days?
{ "text": [ "Drangiana, Arachosia, Gedrosia and Seistan" ], "answer_start": [ 206 ] }
5733fc754776f4190066164c
Punjab,_Pakistan
The northwestern part of the South Asia, including Punjab, was repeatedly invaded or conquered by various foreign empires, such as those of Tamerlane, Alexander the Great and Genghis Khan. Having conquered Drangiana, Arachosia, Gedrosia and Seistan in ten days, Alexander crossed the Hindu Kush and was thus fully inform...
What wealth did Alexander hope to find?
{ "text": [ "riches in gold, gems and pearls" ], "answer_start": [ 366 ] }
5733fc754776f4190066164d
Punjab,_Pakistan
The northwestern part of the South Asia, including Punjab, was repeatedly invaded or conquered by various foreign empires, such as those of Tamerlane, Alexander the Great and Genghis Khan. Having conquered Drangiana, Arachosia, Gedrosia and Seistan in ten days, Alexander crossed the Hindu Kush and was thus fully inform...
From which direction did Alexander enter Punjab?
{ "text": [ "northeasterly" ], "answer_start": [ 534 ] }
5733fc754776f4190066164e
Punjab,_Pakistan
The northwestern part of the South Asia, including Punjab, was repeatedly invaded or conquered by various foreign empires, such as those of Tamerlane, Alexander the Great and Genghis Khan. Having conquered Drangiana, Arachosia, Gedrosia and Seistan in ten days, Alexander crossed the Hindu Kush and was thus fully inform...
Who were the Aspii?
{ "text": [ "mountaineers" ], "answer_start": [ 589 ] }
5733fc754776f4190066164f
Punjab,_Pakistan
The northwestern part of the South Asia, including Punjab, was repeatedly invaded or conquered by various foreign empires, such as those of Tamerlane, Alexander the Great and Genghis Khan. Having conquered Drangiana, Arachosia, Gedrosia and Seistan in ten days, Alexander crossed the Hindu Kush and was thus fully inform...
Who were the Cathians?
{ "text": [ "the people of Multan" ], "answer_start": [ 1033 ] }
5733fcd74776f4190066165f
Punjab,_Pakistan
The Punjabis followed a diverse plethora of faiths, mainly comprising Hinduism[citation needed] , when the Muslim Umayyad army led by Muhammad bin Qasim conquered Sindh and Southern Punjab in 712, by defeating Raja Dahir. The Umayyad Caliphate was the second Islamic caliphate established after the death of Muhammad. It...
What religion did Punjab become?
{ "text": [ "Muslim" ], "answer_start": [ 1048 ] }
5733fcd74776f41900661660
Punjab,_Pakistan
The Punjabis followed a diverse plethora of faiths, mainly comprising Hinduism[citation needed] , when the Muslim Umayyad army led by Muhammad bin Qasim conquered Sindh and Southern Punjab in 712, by defeating Raja Dahir. The Umayyad Caliphate was the second Islamic caliphate established after the death of Muhammad. It...
What did missionary Muslims build in Punjab?
{ "text": [ "dargahs" ], "answer_start": [ 1091 ] }
5733fcd74776f41900661661
Punjab,_Pakistan
The Punjabis followed a diverse plethora of faiths, mainly comprising Hinduism[citation needed] , when the Muslim Umayyad army led by Muhammad bin Qasim conquered Sindh and Southern Punjab in 712, by defeating Raja Dahir. The Umayyad Caliphate was the second Islamic caliphate established after the death of Muhammad. It...
Who led the Umayyad army?
{ "text": [ "Muhammad bin Qasim" ], "answer_start": [ 134 ] }
5733fcd74776f41900661662
Punjab,_Pakistan
The Punjabis followed a diverse plethora of faiths, mainly comprising Hinduism[citation needed] , when the Muslim Umayyad army led by Muhammad bin Qasim conquered Sindh and Southern Punjab in 712, by defeating Raja Dahir. The Umayyad Caliphate was the second Islamic caliphate established after the death of Muhammad. It...
Where did the Umayyads conquer?
{ "text": [ "Sindh and Southern Punjab" ], "answer_start": [ 163 ] }
5733fcd74776f41900661663
Punjab,_Pakistan
The Punjabis followed a diverse plethora of faiths, mainly comprising Hinduism[citation needed] , when the Muslim Umayyad army led by Muhammad bin Qasim conquered Sindh and Southern Punjab in 712, by defeating Raja Dahir. The Umayyad Caliphate was the second Islamic caliphate established after the death of Muhammad. It...
Who did the Umayyads defeat?
{ "text": [ "Raja Dahir" ], "answer_start": [ 210 ] }
5733fd5d4776f41900661669
Punjab,_Pakistan
In 1758, the general of the Hindu Maratha Empire, Raghunath Rao conquered Lahore and Attock. Timur Shah Durrani, the son and viceroy of Ahmad Shah Abdali, was driven out of Punjab. Lahore, Multan, Dera Ghazi Khan, Kashmir and other subahs on the south and eastern side of Peshawar were under the Maratha rule for the mos...
Who was Raghunath Rao?
{ "text": [ "the general of the Hindu Maratha Empire" ], "answer_start": [ 9 ] }
5733fd5d4776f4190066166a
Punjab,_Pakistan
In 1758, the general of the Hindu Maratha Empire, Raghunath Rao conquered Lahore and Attock. Timur Shah Durrani, the son and viceroy of Ahmad Shah Abdali, was driven out of Punjab. Lahore, Multan, Dera Ghazi Khan, Kashmir and other subahs on the south and eastern side of Peshawar were under the Maratha rule for the mos...
Who did Rao conquer in 1758?
{ "text": [ "Lahore and Attock" ], "answer_start": [ 74 ] }
5733fd5d4776f4190066166b
Punjab,_Pakistan
In 1758, the general of the Hindu Maratha Empire, Raghunath Rao conquered Lahore and Attock. Timur Shah Durrani, the son and viceroy of Ahmad Shah Abdali, was driven out of Punjab. Lahore, Multan, Dera Ghazi Khan, Kashmir and other subahs on the south and eastern side of Peshawar were under the Maratha rule for the mos...
When was the Third Battle of Panipat?
{ "text": [ "1761" ], "answer_start": [ 430 ] }
5733fd5d4776f4190066166c
Punjab,_Pakistan
In 1758, the general of the Hindu Maratha Empire, Raghunath Rao conquered Lahore and Attock. Timur Shah Durrani, the son and viceroy of Ahmad Shah Abdali, was driven out of Punjab. Lahore, Multan, Dera Ghazi Khan, Kashmir and other subahs on the south and eastern side of Peshawar were under the Maratha rule for the mos...
Who ruled most of the eastern part of Peshawar?
{ "text": [ "Maratha" ], "answer_start": [ 296 ] }
5733fd5d4776f4190066166d
Punjab,_Pakistan
In 1758, the general of the Hindu Maratha Empire, Raghunath Rao conquered Lahore and Attock. Timur Shah Durrani, the son and viceroy of Ahmad Shah Abdali, was driven out of Punjab. Lahore, Multan, Dera Ghazi Khan, Kashmir and other subahs on the south and eastern side of Peshawar were under the Maratha rule for the mos...
Who captured part of the Maratha Empire in 1761?
{ "text": [ "Ahmad Shah Abdali" ], "answer_start": [ 436 ] }
5733fee24776f4190066167d
Punjab,_Pakistan
In the mid-fifteenth century, the religion of Sikhism was born. During the Mughal empire, many Hindus increasingly adopted Sikhism. These became a formidable military force against the Mughals and later against the Afghan Empire. After fighting Ahmad Shah Durrani in the later eighteenth century, the Sikhs took control ...
When did Sikhism begin?
{ "text": [ "mid-fifteenth century" ], "answer_start": [ 7 ] }
5733fee24776f4190066167e
Punjab,_Pakistan
In the mid-fifteenth century, the religion of Sikhism was born. During the Mughal empire, many Hindus increasingly adopted Sikhism. These became a formidable military force against the Mughals and later against the Afghan Empire. After fighting Ahmad Shah Durrani in the later eighteenth century, the Sikhs took control ...
In which empire did many Hindus become Sikhs?
{ "text": [ "Mughal empire" ], "answer_start": [ 75 ] }
5733fee24776f4190066167f
Punjab,_Pakistan
In the mid-fifteenth century, the religion of Sikhism was born. During the Mughal empire, many Hindus increasingly adopted Sikhism. These became a formidable military force against the Mughals and later against the Afghan Empire. After fighting Ahmad Shah Durrani in the later eighteenth century, the Sikhs took control ...
When did Ahmad fight at Akora Khattak?
{ "text": [ "December 1826" ], "answer_start": [ 1083 ] }
5733fee24776f41900661680
Punjab,_Pakistan
In the mid-fifteenth century, the religion of Sikhism was born. During the Mughal empire, many Hindus increasingly adopted Sikhism. These became a formidable military force against the Mughals and later against the Afghan Empire. After fighting Ahmad Shah Durrani in the later eighteenth century, the Sikhs took control ...
When did Ahmad fight at Balakot?
{ "text": [ "1831" ], "answer_start": [ 1246 ] }
5733fee24776f41900661681
Punjab,_Pakistan
In the mid-fifteenth century, the religion of Sikhism was born. During the Mughal empire, many Hindus increasingly adopted Sikhism. These became a formidable military force against the Mughals and later against the Afghan Empire. After fighting Ahmad Shah Durrani in the later eighteenth century, the Sikhs took control ...
Who won at Balakot?
{ "text": [ "the professional Sikh Army" ], "answer_start": [ 1329 ] }
5733ff844776f41900661687
Punjab,_Pakistan
Maharaja Ranjit Singh's death in the summer of 1839 brought political chaos and the subsequent battles of succession and the bloody infighting between the factions at court weakened the state. Relationships with neighbouring British territories then broke down, starting the First Anglo-Sikh War; this led to a British o...
When did Ranjit Singh die?
{ "text": [ "summer of 1839" ], "answer_start": [ 37 ] }
5733ff844776f41900661688
Punjab,_Pakistan
Maharaja Ranjit Singh's death in the summer of 1839 brought political chaos and the subsequent battles of succession and the bloody infighting between the factions at court weakened the state. Relationships with neighbouring British territories then broke down, starting the First Anglo-Sikh War; this led to a British o...
What did Ranjit Singh's death cause?
{ "text": [ "political chaos" ], "answer_start": [ 60 ] }
5733ff844776f41900661689
Punjab,_Pakistan
Maharaja Ranjit Singh's death in the summer of 1839 brought political chaos and the subsequent battles of succession and the bloody infighting between the factions at court weakened the state. Relationships with neighbouring British territories then broke down, starting the First Anglo-Sikh War; this led to a British o...
When was part of Punjab annexed into British India?
{ "text": [ "1849" ], "answer_start": [ 375 ] }
5733ff844776f4190066168a
Punjab,_Pakistan
Maharaja Ranjit Singh's death in the summer of 1839 brought political chaos and the subsequent battles of succession and the bloody infighting between the factions at court weakened the state. Relationships with neighbouring British territories then broke down, starting the First Anglo-Sikh War; this led to a British o...
When was the Second Anglo-Sikh War?
{ "text": [ "1849" ], "answer_start": [ 466 ] }
5733ff844776f4190066168b
Punjab,_Pakistan
Maharaja Ranjit Singh's death in the summer of 1839 brought political chaos and the subsequent battles of succession and the bloody infighting between the factions at court weakened the state. Relationships with neighbouring British territories then broke down, starting the First Anglo-Sikh War; this led to a British o...
What was the last territory added to British India?
{ "text": [ "the Sikh Empire" ], "answer_start": [ 472 ] }
5733ffe3d058e614000b6755
Punjab,_Pakistan
Punjab witnessed major battles between the armies of India and Pakistan in the wars of 1965 and 1971. Since the 1990s Punjab hosted several key sites of Pakistan's nuclear program such as Kahuta. It also hosts major military bases such as at Sargodha and Rawalpindi. The peace process between India and Pakistan, which b...
When did India and Pakistan fight in Punjab?
{ "text": [ "1965 and 1971" ], "answer_start": [ 87 ] }
5733ffe3d058e614000b6756
Punjab,_Pakistan
Punjab witnessed major battles between the armies of India and Pakistan in the wars of 1965 and 1971. Since the 1990s Punjab hosted several key sites of Pakistan's nuclear program such as Kahuta. It also hosts major military bases such as at Sargodha and Rawalpindi. The peace process between India and Pakistan, which b...
What is Kahuta an important location for?
{ "text": [ "Pakistan's nuclear program" ], "answer_start": [ 153 ] }
5733ffe3d058e614000b6757
Punjab,_Pakistan
Punjab witnessed major battles between the armies of India and Pakistan in the wars of 1965 and 1971. Since the 1990s Punjab hosted several key sites of Pakistan's nuclear program such as Kahuta. It also hosts major military bases such as at Sargodha and Rawalpindi. The peace process between India and Pakistan, which b...
Where does Punjab have major military bases?
{ "text": [ "Sargodha and Rawalpindi" ], "answer_start": [ 242 ] }
5733ffe3d058e614000b6758
Punjab,_Pakistan
Punjab witnessed major battles between the armies of India and Pakistan in the wars of 1965 and 1971. Since the 1990s Punjab hosted several key sites of Pakistan's nuclear program such as Kahuta. It also hosts major military bases such as at Sargodha and Rawalpindi. The peace process between India and Pakistan, which b...
When did India and Pakistan begin serious peace talks?
{ "text": [ "2004" ], "answer_start": [ 339 ] }
5733ffe3d058e614000b6759
Punjab,_Pakistan
Punjab witnessed major battles between the armies of India and Pakistan in the wars of 1965 and 1971. Since the 1990s Punjab hosted several key sites of Pakistan's nuclear program such as Kahuta. It also hosts major military bases such as at Sargodha and Rawalpindi. The peace process between India and Pakistan, which b...
Who visits Nankana Sahib?
{ "text": [ "Sikh pilgrims" ], "answer_start": [ 481 ] }
57340043d058e614000b6769
Punjab,_Pakistan
The onset of the southwest monsoon is anticipated to reach Punjab by May, but since the early 1970s the weather pattern has been irregular. The spring monsoon has either skipped over the area or has caused it to rain so hard that floods have resulted. June and July are oppressively hot. Although official estimates rare...
When do monsoons traditionally happen in Punjab?
{ "text": [ "by May" ], "answer_start": [ 66 ] }
57340043d058e614000b676a
Punjab,_Pakistan
The onset of the southwest monsoon is anticipated to reach Punjab by May, but since the early 1970s the weather pattern has been irregular. The spring monsoon has either skipped over the area or has caused it to rain so hard that floods have resulted. June and July are oppressively hot. Although official estimates rare...
When did Punjab's weather pattern become unpredictable?
{ "text": [ "since the early 1970s" ], "answer_start": [ 78 ] }
57340043d058e614000b676b
Punjab,_Pakistan
The onset of the southwest monsoon is anticipated to reach Punjab by May, but since the early 1970s the weather pattern has been irregular. The spring monsoon has either skipped over the area or has caused it to rain so hard that floods have resulted. June and July are oppressively hot. Although official estimates rare...
How hot do newspapers say it has gotten in Punjab?
{ "text": [ "51 °C" ], "answer_start": [ 398 ] }
57340043d058e614000b676c
Punjab,_Pakistan
The onset of the southwest monsoon is anticipated to reach Punjab by May, but since the early 1970s the weather pattern has been irregular. The spring monsoon has either skipped over the area or has caused it to rain so hard that floods have resulted. June and July are oppressively hot. Although official estimates rare...
What was the record heat spike in Multan?
{ "text": [ "54 °C" ], "answer_start": [ 573 ] }
57340043d058e614000b676d
Punjab,_Pakistan
The onset of the southwest monsoon is anticipated to reach Punjab by May, but since the early 1970s the weather pattern has been irregular. The spring monsoon has either skipped over the area or has caused it to rain so hard that floods have resulted. June and July are oppressively hot. Although official estimates rare...
When was the record heat spike in Multan?
{ "text": [ "June 1993" ], "answer_start": [ 515 ] }
5734009a4776f41900661691
Punjab,_Pakistan
The major and native language spoken in the Punjab is Punjabi (which is written in a Shahmukhi script in Pakistan) and Punjabis comprise the largest ethnic group in country. Punjabi is the provincial language of Punjab. There is not a single district in the province where Punjabi language is mother-tongue of less than ...
What is Punjab's major language?
{ "text": [ "Punjabi" ], "answer_start": [ 54 ] }
5734009a4776f41900661692
Punjab,_Pakistan
The major and native language spoken in the Punjab is Punjabi (which is written in a Shahmukhi script in Pakistan) and Punjabis comprise the largest ethnic group in country. Punjabi is the provincial language of Punjab. There is not a single district in the province where Punjabi language is mother-tongue of less than ...
How is Punjabi written?
{ "text": [ "in a Shahmukhi script" ], "answer_start": [ 80 ] }
5734009a4776f41900661693
Punjab,_Pakistan
The major and native language spoken in the Punjab is Punjabi (which is written in a Shahmukhi script in Pakistan) and Punjabis comprise the largest ethnic group in country. Punjabi is the provincial language of Punjab. There is not a single district in the province where Punjabi language is mother-tongue of less than ...
What is the largest ethnic group in Pakistan?
{ "text": [ "Punjabis" ], "answer_start": [ 119 ] }
5734009a4776f41900661694
Punjab,_Pakistan
The major and native language spoken in the Punjab is Punjabi (which is written in a Shahmukhi script in Pakistan) and Punjabis comprise the largest ethnic group in country. Punjabi is the provincial language of Punjab. There is not a single district in the province where Punjabi language is mother-tongue of less than ...
What minimum percent of each Punjab district speaks Punjabi natively?
{ "text": [ "89%" ], "answer_start": [ 320 ] }