context stringlengths 124 10.1k | question stringlengths 18 189 | id stringlengths 28 28 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|
Tau imaging in neurodegenerative diseases. Aggregated tau protein is a major neuropathological substrate central to the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), frontotemporal dementia, progressive supranuclear palsy, corticobasal degeneration and chronic traumatic encephalopathy.... | What in vivo tau tracers are being used? | 5a7d5580faa1ab7d2e00001a_006 | {
"answer_start": [
722
],
"text": [
"[(18)F]THK5117"
]
} |
Tau imaging in neurodegenerative diseases. Aggregated tau protein is a major neuropathological substrate central to the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), frontotemporal dementia, progressive supranuclear palsy, corticobasal degeneration and chronic traumatic encephalopathy.... | What in vivo tau tracers are being used? | 5a7d5580faa1ab7d2e00001a_007 | {
"answer_start": [
757
],
"text": [
"[(18)F]THK5351"
]
} |
18F-Labeled 2-Arylquinoline Derivatives for Tau Imaging: Chemical, Radiochemical, Biological and Clinical Features. Alzheimer's disease is the most common form of dementia among older people. Misfolding and aggregation of proteins (amyloid-β and tau) in the brain is the primary cause of neurodegeneration in the disease... | What in vivo tau tracers are being used? | 5a7d5580faa1ab7d2e00001a_010 | {
"answer_start": [
911
],
"text": [
"18F-RO6958948"
]
} |
Corticostriatal dysfunction and glutamate transporter 1 (GLT1) in Huntington's disease: interactions between neurons and astrocytes. Huntington's Disease (HD) is a fatally inherited neurodegenerative disorder caused by an expanded glutamine repeat in the N-terminal region of the huntingtin (HTT) protein. The result is ... | List diseases caused by protein glutamine expanded repeats | 5ac2776195d0062724000006_001 | {
"answer_start": [
133
],
"text": [
"Huntington's Disease"
]
} |
Polyglutamine pathogenesis. An increasing number of neurodegenerative disorders have been found to be caused by expanding CAG triplet repeats that code for polyglutamine. Huntington's disease (HD) is the most common of these disorders and dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy (DRPLA) is very similar to HD, but is caused... | List diseases caused by protein glutamine expanded repeats | 5ac2776195d0062724000006_002 | {
"answer_start": [
171
],
"text": [
"Huntington's disease"
]
} |
Polyglutamine pathogenesis. An increasing number of neurodegenerative disorders have been found to be caused by expanding CAG triplet repeats that code for polyglutamine. Huntington's disease (HD) is the most common of these disorders and dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy (DRPLA) is very similar to HD, but is caused... | List diseases caused by protein glutamine expanded repeats | 5ac2776195d0062724000006_003 | {
"answer_start": [
239
],
"text": [
"dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy"
]
} |
Abnormal dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy (DRPLA) protein complex is pathologically ubiquitinated in DRPLA brains. Dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy (DRPLA) is caused by expansion of a glutamine repeat in DRPLA protein. DRPLA protein undergoes greater complex formation in DRPLA brain tissue, and expanded glutami... | List diseases caused by protein glutamine expanded repeats | 5ac2776195d0062724000006_004 | {
"answer_start": [
119
],
"text": [
"Dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy"
]
} |
Expanded glutamine repeat enhances complex formation of dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy (DRPLA) protein in human brains. The genetic defect in dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy (DRPLA) is expansion of the CAG repeat. The mutant gene is translated into the protein which carries the expanded glutamine repeat. Imm... | List diseases caused by protein glutamine expanded repeats | 5ac2776195d0062724000006_005 | {
"answer_start": [
148
],
"text": [
"dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy"
]
} |
Rab7 GTPase controls lipid metabolic signaling in myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Lysosomal acid lipase (LAL) is a critical neutral lipid metabolic enzyme that regulates metabolic reprogramming in myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) through over-activation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Affymetrix Gene... | List proteins with HEAT repeats | 5abd44b1fcf4565872000030_001 | {
"answer_start": [
919
],
"text": [
"mTOR"
]
} |
TOG-tubulin binding specificity promotes microtubule dynamics and mitotic spindle formation. XMAP215, CLASP, and Crescerin use arrayed tubulin-binding tumor overexpressed gene (TOG) domains to modulate microtubule dynamics. We hypothesized that TOGs have distinct architectures and tubulin-binding properties that underl... | List proteins with HEAT repeats | 5abd44b1fcf4565872000030_002 | {
"answer_start": [
784
],
"text": [
"TOG5"
]
} |
DNA-PKcs, Allostery, and DNA Double-Strand Break Repair: Defining the Structure and Setting the Stage. DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs) is central to the regulation of the DNA damage response and repair through nonhomologous end joining. The structure has proved challenging due to its large siz... | List proteins with HEAT repeats | 5abd44b1fcf4565872000030_003 | {
"answer_start": [
151
],
"text": [
"DNA-PKcs"
]
} |
HEATR1 Negatively Regulates Akt to Help Sensitize Pancreatic Cancer Cells to Chemotherapy. Elucidating mechanisms of chemoresistance is critical to improve cancer therapy, especially for the treatment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Genome-wide association studies have suggested the less studied gene HEAT r... | List proteins with HEAT repeats | 5abd44b1fcf4565872000030_004 | {
"answer_start": [
348
],
"text": [
"HEATR1"
]
} |
Rif1: A Conserved Regulator of DNA Replication and Repair Hijacked by Telomeres in Yeasts. Rap1-interacting factor 1 (Rif1) was originally identified in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a telomere-binding protein that negatively regulates telomerase-mediated telomere elongation. Although this function is c... | List proteins with HEAT repeats | 5abd44b1fcf4565872000030_005 | {
"answer_start": [
558
],
"text": [
"Rif1"
]
} |
HEAT repeat 1 motif is required for B56γ-containing protein phosphatase 2A (B56γ-PP2A) holoenzyme assembly and tumor-suppressive function. Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) enzyme consists of a heterodimeric core (AC core) comprising a scaffolding subunit (A), a catalytic subunit (C), and a variable regulatory subunit (B).... | List proteins with HEAT repeats | 5abd44b1fcf4565872000030_006 | {
"answer_start": [
713
],
"text": [
"B56γ"
]
} |
Complex energy landscape of a giant repeat protein. Here, we reveal a remarkable complexity in the unfolding of giant HEAT-repeat protein PR65/A, a molecular adaptor for the heterotrimeric PP2A phosphatases. The repeat array ruptures at multiple sites, leading to intermediate states with noncontiguous folded subdomains... | List proteins with HEAT repeats | 5abd44b1fcf4565872000030_007 | {
"answer_start": [
138
],
"text": [
"PR65/A"
]
} |
Topology and structure of an engineered human cohesin complex bound to Pds5B. The cohesin subunits Smc1, Smc3 and Scc1 form large tripartite rings which mediate sister chromatid cohesion and chromatin structure. These are thought to entrap DNA with the help of the associated proteins SA1/2 and Pds5A/B. Structural infor... | List proteins with HEAT repeats | 5abd44b1fcf4565872000030_008 | {
"answer_start": [
731
],
"text": [
"Pds5B"
]
} |
Role of agents for reversing the effects of target-specific oral anticoagulants. PURPOSE: The available clinical data on target-specific oral anticoagulant (TSOAC) reversal agents that are currently in development or have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) are reviewed. SUMMARY: The development of ... | What are the 3 antidotes for anticoagulant (anti-blood clotting) drugs, including factor Xa inhibitors, as of November 2017. | 5ac0f7b919833b0d7b000006_001 | {
"answer_start": [
957
],
"text": [
"Idarucizumab"
]
} |
Role of agents for reversing the effects of target-specific oral anticoagulants. PURPOSE: The available clinical data on target-specific oral anticoagulant (TSOAC) reversal agents that are currently in development or have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) are reviewed. SUMMARY: The development of ... | What are the 3 antidotes for anticoagulant (anti-blood clotting) drugs, including factor Xa inhibitors, as of November 2017. | 5ac0f7b919833b0d7b000006_002 | {
"answer_start": [
877
],
"text": [
"andexanet alfa"
]
} |
Role of agents for reversing the effects of target-specific oral anticoagulants. PURPOSE: The available clinical data on target-specific oral anticoagulant (TSOAC) reversal agents that are currently in development or have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) are reviewed. SUMMARY: The development of ... | What are the 3 antidotes for anticoagulant (anti-blood clotting) drugs, including factor Xa inhibitors, as of November 2017. | 5ac0f7b919833b0d7b000006_003 | {
"answer_start": [
896
],
"text": [
"ciraparantag"
]
} |
Role of agents for reversing the effects of target-specific oral anticoagulants. PURPOSE: The available clinical data on target-specific oral anticoagulant (TSOAC) reversal agents that are currently in development or have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) are reviewed. SUMMARY: The development of ... | What are the 3 antidotes for anticoagulant (anti-blood clotting) drugs, including factor Xa inhibitors, as of November 2017. | 5ac0f7b919833b0d7b000006_004 | {
"answer_start": [
1076
],
"text": [
"Idarucizumab"
]
} |
Role of agents for reversing the effects of target-specific oral anticoagulants. PURPOSE: The available clinical data on target-specific oral anticoagulant (TSOAC) reversal agents that are currently in development or have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) are reviewed. SUMMARY: The development of ... | What are the 3 antidotes for anticoagulant (anti-blood clotting) drugs, including factor Xa inhibitors, as of November 2017. | 5ac0f7b919833b0d7b000006_005 | {
"answer_start": [
1093
],
"text": [
"andexanet alfa"
]
} |
Reversal of Anticoagulation and Management of Bleeding in Patients on Anticoagulants. Bleeding is the most common complication of all anticoagulants. Any bleeding patient on an anticoagulant should be risk-stratified based on hemodynamic instability, source of bleeding, and degree of blood loss. Although minor bleed ma... | What are the 3 antidotes for anticoagulant (anti-blood clotting) drugs, including factor Xa inhibitors, as of November 2017. | 5ac0f7b919833b0d7b000006_006 | {
"answer_start": [
1018
],
"text": [
"Idarucizumab"
]
} |
Reversal of Anticoagulation and Management of Bleeding in Patients on Anticoagulants. Bleeding is the most common complication of all anticoagulants. Any bleeding patient on an anticoagulant should be risk-stratified based on hemodynamic instability, source of bleeding, and degree of blood loss. Although minor bleed ma... | What are the 3 antidotes for anticoagulant (anti-blood clotting) drugs, including factor Xa inhibitors, as of November 2017. | 5ac0f7b919833b0d7b000006_007 | {
"answer_start": [
1108
],
"text": [
"andexanet alfa"
]
} |
Reversal of Anticoagulation and Management of Bleeding in Patients on Anticoagulants. Bleeding is the most common complication of all anticoagulants. Any bleeding patient on an anticoagulant should be risk-stratified based on hemodynamic instability, source of bleeding, and degree of blood loss. Although minor bleed ma... | What are the 3 antidotes for anticoagulant (anti-blood clotting) drugs, including factor Xa inhibitors, as of November 2017. | 5ac0f7b919833b0d7b000006_008 | {
"answer_start": [
1346
],
"text": [
"Aripazine"
]
} |
Reversal of Anticoagulation and Management of Bleeding in Patients on Anticoagulants. Bleeding is the most common complication of all anticoagulants. Any bleeding patient on an anticoagulant should be risk-stratified based on hemodynamic instability, source of bleeding, and degree of blood loss. Although minor bleed ma... | What are the 3 antidotes for anticoagulant (anti-blood clotting) drugs, including factor Xa inhibitors, as of November 2017. | 5ac0f7b919833b0d7b000006_009 | {
"answer_start": [
889
],
"text": [
"Protamine sulfate"
]
} |
[Antidotes to novel direct oral anticoagulants]. During the last 10 years, several novel direct oral anticoagulants (NOACs) have entered the clinical arena and were registered in the Russian Federation for use in patients presenting with atrial fibrillation, venous thrombosis, and pulmonary artery thromboembolism. NOAC... | What are the 3 antidotes for anticoagulant (anti-blood clotting) drugs, including factor Xa inhibitors, as of November 2017. | 5ac0f7b919833b0d7b000006_010 | {
"answer_start": [
899
],
"text": [
"idarucizumab"
]
} |
[Antidotes to novel direct oral anticoagulants]. During the last 10 years, several novel direct oral anticoagulants (NOACs) have entered the clinical arena and were registered in the Russian Federation for use in patients presenting with atrial fibrillation, venous thrombosis, and pulmonary artery thromboembolism. NOAC... | What are the 3 antidotes for anticoagulant (anti-blood clotting) drugs, including factor Xa inhibitors, as of November 2017. | 5ac0f7b919833b0d7b000006_011 | {
"answer_start": [
913
],
"text": [
"aripazine"
]
} |
Epidermolysis bullosa simplex: evidence in two families for keratin gene abnormalities. Epidermolysis bullosa simplex (EBS) is characterized by skin blistering due to basal keratinocyte fragility. In one family studied, inheritance of EBS is linked to the gene encoding keratin 14, and a thymine to cytosine mutation in ... | Which genes are associated with Epidermolysis Bullosa Simplex? | 5ace34eb0340b9f058000010_001 | {
"answer_start": [
270
],
"text": [
"keratin 14"
]
} |
Linkage of epidermolysis bullosa simplex to keratin gene loci. Epidermolysis bullosa simplex (EBS) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterised by intraepidermal blistering of the skin. Two families with Weber-Cockayne EBS have been analysed for linkage to keratin gene loci. In the first family, linkage was found to... | Which genes are associated with Epidermolysis Bullosa Simplex? | 5ace34eb0340b9f058000010_002 | {
"answer_start": [
356
],
"text": [
"keratin 14"
]
} |
Linkage of epidermolysis bullosa simplex to keratin gene loci. Epidermolysis bullosa simplex (EBS) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterised by intraepidermal blistering of the skin. Two families with Weber-Cockayne EBS have been analysed for linkage to keratin gene loci. In the first family, linkage was found to... | Which genes are associated with Epidermolysis Bullosa Simplex? | 5ace34eb0340b9f058000010_003 | {
"answer_start": [
783
],
"text": [
"keratin 14"
]
} |
Linkage of epidermolysis bullosa simplex to keratin gene loci. Epidermolysis bullosa simplex (EBS) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterised by intraepidermal blistering of the skin. Two families with Weber-Cockayne EBS have been analysed for linkage to keratin gene loci. In the first family, linkage was found to... | Which genes are associated with Epidermolysis Bullosa Simplex? | 5ace34eb0340b9f058000010_004 | {
"answer_start": [
466
],
"text": [
"keratin 5"
]
} |
Linkage of epidermolysis bullosa simplex to keratin gene loci. Epidermolysis bullosa simplex (EBS) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterised by intraepidermal blistering of the skin. Two families with Weber-Cockayne EBS have been analysed for linkage to keratin gene loci. In the first family, linkage was found to... | Which genes are associated with Epidermolysis Bullosa Simplex? | 5ace34eb0340b9f058000010_005 | {
"answer_start": [
669
],
"text": [
"keratin 5"
]
} |
Keratin 14 gene mutations in patients with epidermolysis bullosa simplex. Mutations in genes encoding the keratin intermediate filaments expressed in basal cells have been identified in some families with epidermolysis bullosa simplex as the proximate cause of the fragility. We have systematically scanned genomic seque... | Which genes are associated with Epidermolysis Bullosa Simplex? | 5ace34eb0340b9f058000010_006 | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Keratin 14"
]
} |
Keratin 14 gene mutations in patients with epidermolysis bullosa simplex. Mutations in genes encoding the keratin intermediate filaments expressed in basal cells have been identified in some families with epidermolysis bullosa simplex as the proximate cause of the fragility. We have systematically scanned genomic seque... | Which genes are associated with Epidermolysis Bullosa Simplex? | 5ace34eb0340b9f058000010_007 | {
"answer_start": [
351
],
"text": [
"keratin 14"
]
} |
Keratin 14 gene point mutation in the Köbner and Dowling-Meara types of epidermolysis bullosa simplex as detected by the PASA method. Recent advances in molecular biology have enabled the association of epidermolysis bullosa simplex (EBS) with point mutations of keratin 14 and/or keratin 5 genes to be established. We d... | Which genes are associated with Epidermolysis Bullosa Simplex? | 5ace34eb0340b9f058000010_008 | {
"answer_start": [
0
],
"text": [
"Keratin 14"
]
} |
Keratin 14 gene point mutation in the Köbner and Dowling-Meara types of epidermolysis bullosa simplex as detected by the PASA method. Recent advances in molecular biology have enabled the association of epidermolysis bullosa simplex (EBS) with point mutations of keratin 14 and/or keratin 5 genes to be established. We d... | Which genes are associated with Epidermolysis Bullosa Simplex? | 5ace34eb0340b9f058000010_009 | {
"answer_start": [
263
],
"text": [
"keratin 14"
]
} |
Keratin 14 gene point mutation in the Köbner and Dowling-Meara types of epidermolysis bullosa simplex as detected by the PASA method. Recent advances in molecular biology have enabled the association of epidermolysis bullosa simplex (EBS) with point mutations of keratin 14 and/or keratin 5 genes to be established. We d... | Which genes are associated with Epidermolysis Bullosa Simplex? | 5ace34eb0340b9f058000010_010 | {
"answer_start": [
281
],
"text": [
"keratin 5"
]
} |
Homozygous deletion mutations in the plectin gene (PLEC1) in patients with epidermolysis bullosa simplex associated with late-onset muscular dystrophy. In a distinct autosomal recessive variant of epidermolysis bullosa, EB-MD, life-long skin blistering is associated with late-onset muscular dystrophy of unknown etiolog... | Which genes are associated with Epidermolysis Bullosa Simplex? | 5ace34eb0340b9f058000010_011 | {
"answer_start": [
37
],
"text": [
"plectin"
]
} |
Homozygous deletion mutations in the plectin gene (PLEC1) in patients with epidermolysis bullosa simplex associated with late-onset muscular dystrophy. In a distinct autosomal recessive variant of epidermolysis bullosa, EB-MD, life-long skin blistering is associated with late-onset muscular dystrophy of unknown etiolog... | Which genes are associated with Epidermolysis Bullosa Simplex? | 5ace34eb0340b9f058000010_013 | {
"answer_start": [
698
],
"text": [
"plectin"
]
} |
A compound heterozygous one amino-acid insertion/nonsense mutation in the plectin gene causes epidermolysis bullosa simplex with plectin deficiency. Plectin is a cytoskeleton linker protein expressed in a variety of tissues including skin, muscle, and nerves. Mutations in its gene are associated with epidermolysis bull... | Which genes are associated with Epidermolysis Bullosa Simplex? | 5ace34eb0340b9f058000010_016 | {
"answer_start": [
74
],
"text": [
"plectin"
]
} |
A compound heterozygous one amino-acid insertion/nonsense mutation in the plectin gene causes epidermolysis bullosa simplex with plectin deficiency. Plectin is a cytoskeleton linker protein expressed in a variety of tissues including skin, muscle, and nerves. Mutations in its gene are associated with epidermolysis bull... | Which genes are associated with Epidermolysis Bullosa Simplex? | 5ace34eb0340b9f058000010_017 | {
"answer_start": [
129
],
"text": [
"plectin"
]
} |
Primers for exon-specific amplification of the KRT5 gene: identification of novel and recurrent mutations in epidermolysis bullosa simplex patients. The KRT5 and KRT14 genes encode the proteins keratin 5 and 14, respectively, which are the primary structural components of the 10-nm intermediate filaments of the mitotic... | Which genes are associated with Epidermolysis Bullosa Simplex? | 5ace34eb0340b9f058000010_019 | {
"answer_start": [
194
],
"text": [
"keratin 5"
]
} |
Epidermolysis bullosa simplex with mottled pigmentation: clinical aspects and confirmation of the P24L mutation in the KRT5 gene in further patients. Epidermolysis bullosa simplex with mottled pigmentation (EBS-MP) is a rare dermatologic disorder of autosomal dominant inheritance with intraepidermal blistering after mi... | Which genes are associated with Epidermolysis Bullosa Simplex? | 5ace34eb0340b9f058000010_021 | {
"answer_start": [
452
],
"text": [
"keratin 14"
]
} |
Epidermolysis bullosa simplex with mottled pigmentation: clinical aspects and confirmation of the P24L mutation in the KRT5 gene in further patients. Epidermolysis bullosa simplex with mottled pigmentation (EBS-MP) is a rare dermatologic disorder of autosomal dominant inheritance with intraepidermal blistering after mi... | Which genes are associated with Epidermolysis Bullosa Simplex? | 5ace34eb0340b9f058000010_022 | {
"answer_start": [
438
],
"text": [
"Keratin 5"
]
} |
Severe palmo-plantar hyperkeratosis in Dowling-Meara epidermolysis bullosa simplex caused by a mutation in the keratin 14 gene (KRT14). Mutant keratins 5 or 14 are implicated in the etiology of epidermolysis bullosa simplex (EBS). The catalog of mutations has established certain patterns of mutation clusters from which... | Which genes are associated with Epidermolysis Bullosa Simplex? | 5ace34eb0340b9f058000010_023 | {
"answer_start": [
111
],
"text": [
"keratin 14"
]
} |
Verrucous carcinoma in epidermolysis bullosa simplex is possibly associated with a novel mutation in the keratin 5 gene. Epidermolysis bullosa simplex (EBS) is mainly caused by mutations in the KRT5 and KRT14 genes. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) represents the second most frequent skin neoplasia with complex aetiology.... | Which genes are associated with Epidermolysis Bullosa Simplex? | 5ace34eb0340b9f058000010_027 | {
"answer_start": [
105
],
"text": [
"keratin 5"
]
} |
Keratin mutations in patients with epidermolysis bullosa simplex: correlations between phenotype severity and disturbance of intermediate filament molecular structure. BACKGROUND: Epidermolysis bullosa simplex (EBS) is an inherited skin disorder caused by mutations in the keratin 5 (KRT5) and keratin 14 (KRT14) genes, ... | Which genes are associated with Epidermolysis Bullosa Simplex? | 5ace34eb0340b9f058000010_033 | {
"answer_start": [
294
],
"text": [
"keratin 14"
]
} |
Keratin mutations in patients with epidermolysis bullosa simplex: correlations between phenotype severity and disturbance of intermediate filament molecular structure. BACKGROUND: Epidermolysis bullosa simplex (EBS) is an inherited skin disorder caused by mutations in the keratin 5 (KRT5) and keratin 14 (KRT14) genes, ... | Which genes are associated with Epidermolysis Bullosa Simplex? | 5ace34eb0340b9f058000010_036 | {
"answer_start": [
273
],
"text": [
"keratin 5"
]
} |
Identification of novel and known KRT5 and KRT14 mutations in 53 patients with epidermolysis bullosa simplex: correlation between genotype and phenotype. BACKGROUND: Basal epidermolysis bullosa simplex (EBS) is a hereditary skin blistering disorder resulting in most cases from missense mutations in the keratin 5 (KRT5)... | Which genes are associated with Epidermolysis Bullosa Simplex? | 5ace34eb0340b9f058000010_041 | {
"answer_start": [
324
],
"text": [
"keratin 14"
]
} |
Identification of novel and known KRT5 and KRT14 mutations in 53 patients with epidermolysis bullosa simplex: correlation between genotype and phenotype. BACKGROUND: Basal epidermolysis bullosa simplex (EBS) is a hereditary skin blistering disorder resulting in most cases from missense mutations in the keratin 5 (KRT5)... | Which genes are associated with Epidermolysis Bullosa Simplex? | 5ace34eb0340b9f058000010_043 | {
"answer_start": [
304
],
"text": [
"keratin 5"
]
} |
MicroRNAs in skin response to UV radiation. Solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation, an ubiquitous environmental carcinogen, is classified depending on the wavelength, into three regions; short-wave UVC (200-280 nm), mid-wave UVB (280-320 nm), and long-wave UVA (320- 400 nm). The human skin, constantly exposed to UV radiation... | What are the 3 types of ultraviolet (UV) solar radiation? | 5aae6a86fcf456587200000e_001 | {
"answer_start": [
210
],
"text": [
"mid-wave UVB (280-320 nm)"
]
} |
MicroRNAs in skin response to UV radiation. Solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation, an ubiquitous environmental carcinogen, is classified depending on the wavelength, into three regions; short-wave UVC (200-280 nm), mid-wave UVB (280-320 nm), and long-wave UVA (320- 400 nm). The human skin, constantly exposed to UV radiation... | What are the 3 types of ultraviolet (UV) solar radiation? | 5aae6a86fcf456587200000e_002 | {
"answer_start": [
241
],
"text": [
"long-wave UVA (320- 400 nm)"
]
} |
Atrial fibrillation and gastroesophageal reflux disease: the cardiogastric interaction. Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained arrhythmia and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Multiple conditions like hypertension, heart failure, diabetes, sleep apnoea, and obesity play a role for t... | Please list 10 conditions which play a role in causing atrial fibrillation. | 5aaef38dfcf456587200000f_001 | {
"answer_start": [
238
],
"text": [
"hypertension"
]
} |
Atrial fibrillation and gastroesophageal reflux disease: the cardiogastric interaction. Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained arrhythmia and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Multiple conditions like hypertension, heart failure, diabetes, sleep apnoea, and obesity play a role for t... | Please list 10 conditions which play a role in causing atrial fibrillation. | 5aaef38dfcf456587200000f_002 | {
"answer_start": [
267
],
"text": [
"diabetes"
]
} |
Atrial fibrillation and gastroesophageal reflux disease: the cardiogastric interaction. Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained arrhythmia and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Multiple conditions like hypertension, heart failure, diabetes, sleep apnoea, and obesity play a role for t... | Please list 10 conditions which play a role in causing atrial fibrillation. | 5aaef38dfcf456587200000f_003 | {
"answer_start": [
295
],
"text": [
"obesity"
]
} |
Atrial fibrillation and hyperthyroidism: A literature review. Atrial fibrillation is the most common arrhythmia worldwide with increasing frequency noted with age. Hyperthyroidism is a well-known cause of atrial fibrillation with a 16%-60% prevalence of atrial fibrillation in patients with known hyperthyroidism Ross et... | Please list 10 conditions which play a role in causing atrial fibrillation. | 5aaef38dfcf456587200000f_004 | {
"answer_start": [
159
],
"text": [
"age"
]
} |
Atrial fibrillation and hyperthyroidism: A literature review. Atrial fibrillation is the most common arrhythmia worldwide with increasing frequency noted with age. Hyperthyroidism is a well-known cause of atrial fibrillation with a 16%-60% prevalence of atrial fibrillation in patients with known hyperthyroidism Ross et... | Please list 10 conditions which play a role in causing atrial fibrillation. | 5aaef38dfcf456587200000f_005 | {
"answer_start": [
164
],
"text": [
"Hyperthyroidism"
]
} |
Atrial fibrillation and hyperthyroidism: A literature review. Atrial fibrillation is the most common arrhythmia worldwide with increasing frequency noted with age. Hyperthyroidism is a well-known cause of atrial fibrillation with a 16%-60% prevalence of atrial fibrillation in patients with known hyperthyroidism Ross et... | Please list 10 conditions which play a role in causing atrial fibrillation. | 5aaef38dfcf456587200000f_006 | {
"answer_start": [
297
],
"text": [
"hyperthyroidism"
]
} |
Myocardial Ischemia as a Genuine Cause Responsible for the Organization and "Fertilization" of Conflictogenic Atrial Fibrillation:New Conceptual Insights Into Arrhythmogenicity. Atrial fibrillation continues to be a challenging arrhythmia. There are some conventional, time-tested explanations of atrial fibrillation gen... | Please list 10 conditions which play a role in causing atrial fibrillation. | 5aaef38dfcf456587200000f_007 | {
"answer_start": [
537
],
"text": [
"heart disease"
]
} |
Myocardial Ischemia as a Genuine Cause Responsible for the Organization and "Fertilization" of Conflictogenic Atrial Fibrillation:New Conceptual Insights Into Arrhythmogenicity. Atrial fibrillation continues to be a challenging arrhythmia. There are some conventional, time-tested explanations of atrial fibrillation gen... | Please list 10 conditions which play a role in causing atrial fibrillation. | 5aaef38dfcf456587200000f_008 | {
"answer_start": [
409
],
"text": [
"atrial ischemia"
]
} |
Atrial Fibrillation: The New Epidemic of the Ageing World. The prevalence of atrial fibrillation (AF) increases with age. As the population ages, the burden of AF increases. AF is associated with an increased incidence of mortality, stroke, and coronary events compared to sinus rhythm. AF with a rapid ventricular rate ... | Please list 10 conditions which play a role in causing atrial fibrillation. | 5aaef38dfcf456587200000f_009 | {
"answer_start": [
117
],
"text": [
"age"
]
} |
Atrial Fibrillation: The New Epidemic of the Ageing World. The prevalence of atrial fibrillation (AF) increases with age. As the population ages, the burden of AF increases. AF is associated with an increased incidence of mortality, stroke, and coronary events compared to sinus rhythm. AF with a rapid ventricular rate ... | Please list 10 conditions which play a role in causing atrial fibrillation. | 5aaef38dfcf456587200000f_010 | {
"answer_start": [
140
],
"text": [
"age"
]
} |
[Epidemiology of atrial fibrillation]. Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most frequent maintained arrhythmia and constitutes a major morbidity cause, especially because of its associated risk of ischemic stoke. Additionally, it represents an independent risk factor for global mortality. The incidence of AF varies, accord... | Please list 10 conditions which play a role in causing atrial fibrillation. | 5aaef38dfcf456587200000f_011 | {
"answer_start": [
820
],
"text": [
"age"
]
} |
Prevalence, prognostic significance, and treatment of atrial fibrillation in congestive heart failure with particular reference to the DIAMOND-CHF study. Atrial fibrillation is a growing health problem and the most common cardiac arrhythmia, affecting 5% of persons above the age of 65 years. The number of hospital disc... | Please list 10 conditions which play a role in causing atrial fibrillation. | 5aaef38dfcf456587200000f_012 | {
"answer_start": [
276
],
"text": [
"age"
]
} |
Atrial fibrillation. The prevalence and incidence of atrial fibrillation increase with age. Atrial fibrillation is associated with a higher incidence of coronary events, stroke, and mortality than sinus rhythm. A fast ventricular rate associated with atrial fibrillation may cause tachycardia-related cardiomyopathy. Man... | Please list 10 conditions which play a role in causing atrial fibrillation. | 5aaef38dfcf456587200000f_013 | {
"answer_start": [
87
],
"text": [
"age"
]
} |
[Heart arrhythmia in the elderly]. Cardiac arrhythmias are a major problem in elderly persons, because of the high prevalence of underlying heart disease and hypertension, arrhythmias are associated with significant morbidity and mortality in this age group. Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained arrhyth... | Please list 10 conditions which play a role in causing atrial fibrillation. | 5aaef38dfcf456587200000f_014 | {
"answer_start": [
140
],
"text": [
"heart disease"
]
} |
[Heart arrhythmia in the elderly]. Cardiac arrhythmias are a major problem in elderly persons, because of the high prevalence of underlying heart disease and hypertension, arrhythmias are associated with significant morbidity and mortality in this age group. Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained arrhyth... | Please list 10 conditions which play a role in causing atrial fibrillation. | 5aaef38dfcf456587200000f_015 | {
"answer_start": [
158
],
"text": [
"hypertension"
]
} |
Atrial fibrillation. Thromboembolic risk and indications for anticoagulation. The risk of embolic stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation is largely related to the underlying disorders responsible for the arrhythmia. Atrial fibrillation associated with rheumatic mitral valve disease has the highest stroke risk (abo... | Please list 10 conditions which play a role in causing atrial fibrillation. | 5aaef38dfcf456587200000f_016 | {
"answer_start": [
393
],
"text": [
"heart disease"
]
} |
[Atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter: pathophysiology and pathogenesis]. Chronic atrial fibrillation is a very common arrhythmia affecting 2 to 4% of the population older than 60 years of age. Atrial fibrillation may cause disabling symptoms and serious adverse effects, such as impairment of cardiac function or thro... | Please list 10 conditions which play a role in causing atrial fibrillation. | 5aaef38dfcf456587200000f_017 | {
"answer_start": [
191
],
"text": [
"age"
]
} |
[Atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter: pathophysiology and pathogenesis]. Chronic atrial fibrillation is a very common arrhythmia affecting 2 to 4% of the population older than 60 years of age. Atrial fibrillation may cause disabling symptoms and serious adverse effects, such as impairment of cardiac function or thro... | Please list 10 conditions which play a role in causing atrial fibrillation. | 5aaef38dfcf456587200000f_018 | {
"answer_start": [
906
],
"text": [
"heart disease"
]
} |
[Atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter: pathophysiology and pathogenesis]. Chronic atrial fibrillation is a very common arrhythmia affecting 2 to 4% of the population older than 60 years of age. Atrial fibrillation may cause disabling symptoms and serious adverse effects, such as impairment of cardiac function or thro... | Please list 10 conditions which play a role in causing atrial fibrillation. | 5aaef38dfcf456587200000f_019 | {
"answer_start": [
1080
],
"text": [
"heart disease"
]
} |
Atrial fibrillation (acute onset). INTRODUCTION: Risk factors for acute atrial fibrillation include increasing age, cardiovascular disease, alcohol, diabetes, and lung disease. Acute atrial fibrillation increases the risk of stroke and heart failure. Acute atrial fibrillation resolves spontaneously within 24-48 hours i... | Please list 10 conditions which play a role in causing atrial fibrillation. | 5aaef38dfcf456587200000f_020 | {
"answer_start": [
111
],
"text": [
"age"
]
} |
Atrial fibrillation (acute onset). INTRODUCTION: Risk factors for acute atrial fibrillation include increasing age, cardiovascular disease, alcohol, diabetes, and lung disease. Acute atrial fibrillation increases the risk of stroke and heart failure. Acute atrial fibrillation resolves spontaneously within 24-48 hours i... | Please list 10 conditions which play a role in causing atrial fibrillation. | 5aaef38dfcf456587200000f_021 | {
"answer_start": [
149
],
"text": [
"diabetes"
]
} |
Atrial fibrillation (acute onset). INTRODUCTION: Acute atrial fibrillation is rapid, irregular, and chaotic atrial activity of less than 48 hours' duration. Risk factors for acute atrial fibrillation include increasing age, cardiovascular disease, alcohol, diabetes, and lung disease. Acute atrial fibrillation increases... | Please list 10 conditions which play a role in causing atrial fibrillation. | 5aaef38dfcf456587200000f_022 | {
"answer_start": [
219
],
"text": [
"age"
]
} |
Atrial fibrillation (acute onset). INTRODUCTION: Acute atrial fibrillation is rapid, irregular, and chaotic atrial activity of less than 48 hours' duration. Risk factors for acute atrial fibrillation include increasing age, cardiovascular disease, alcohol, diabetes, and lung disease. Acute atrial fibrillation increases... | Please list 10 conditions which play a role in causing atrial fibrillation. | 5aaef38dfcf456587200000f_023 | {
"answer_start": [
257
],
"text": [
"diabetes"
]
} |
[Effect of diabetes mellitus in recovery and maintenance of sinus rhythm in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation]. INTRODUCTION: Diabetes mellitus is frequently accompanied by cardiac rhythm disorders. On the other hand, atrial fibrillation is the most frequent cardiac arrhythmia in adult population [1, 2]. Acc... | Please list 10 conditions which play a role in causing atrial fibrillation. | 5aaef38dfcf456587200000f_024 | {
"answer_start": [
137
],
"text": [
"Diabetes"
]
} |
Atrial fibrillation (acute onset). INTRODUCTION: Acute atrial fibrillation is rapid, irregular, and chaotic atrial activity of recent onset. Various definitions of acute atrial fibrillation have been used in the literature, but for the purposes of this review we have included studies where atrial fibrillation may have ... | Please list 10 conditions which play a role in causing atrial fibrillation. | 5aaef38dfcf456587200000f_025 | {
"answer_start": [
416
],
"text": [
"age"
]
} |
Atrial fibrillation (acute onset). INTRODUCTION: Acute atrial fibrillation is rapid, irregular, and chaotic atrial activity of recent onset. Various definitions of acute atrial fibrillation have been used in the literature, but for the purposes of this review we have included studies where atrial fibrillation may have ... | Please list 10 conditions which play a role in causing atrial fibrillation. | 5aaef38dfcf456587200000f_026 | {
"answer_start": [
454
],
"text": [
"diabetes"
]
} |
Atrial fibrillation (chronic). INTRODUCTION: Atrial fibrillation is a supraventricular tachyarrhythmia characterised by the presence of fast and uncoordinated atrial activation leading to reduced atrial mechanical function. Risk factors for atrial fibrillation include increasing age, male sex, co-existing cardiac and t... | Please list 10 conditions which play a role in causing atrial fibrillation. | 5aaef38dfcf456587200000f_027 | {
"answer_start": [
280
],
"text": [
"age"
]
} |
Atrial fibrillation (chronic). INTRODUCTION: Atrial fibrillation is a supraventricular tachyarrhythmia characterised by the presence of fast and uncoordinated atrial activation leading to reduced atrial mechanical function. Risk factors for atrial fibrillation include increasing age, male sex, co-existing cardiac and t... | Please list 10 conditions which play a role in causing atrial fibrillation. | 5aaef38dfcf456587200000f_028 | {
"answer_start": [
280
],
"text": [
"age"
]
} |
Atrial fibrillation (chronic). INTRODUCTION: Atrial fibrillation is a supraventricular tachyarrhythmia, which is characterised by the presence of fast and uncoordinated atrial activation leading to reduced atrial mechanical function. Risk factors for atrial fibrillation include increasing age, coexisting cardiac and th... | Please list 10 conditions which play a role in causing atrial fibrillation. | 5aaef38dfcf456587200000f_029 | {
"answer_start": [
290
],
"text": [
"age"
]
} |
Control Of Hypertension Improves The Outcome Of Therapies For Paroxysmal And Persistent Atrial Fibrillation. Hypertension is known to increase the risk of atrial fibrillation. It has a role to play in atrial fibrosis and remodeling which tends to propagate further atrial fibrillation. Current anti arrhythmic therapy is... | Please list 10 conditions which play a role in causing atrial fibrillation. | 5aaef38dfcf456587200000f_030 | {
"answer_start": [
109
],
"text": [
"Hypertension"
]
} |
Adverse interactions between warfarin and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs: mechanisms, clinical significance, and avoidance. OBJECTIVE: To review the mechanisms and clinical significance of adverse interactions between warfarin and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and discuss how these interactions can... | Please list 7 classes of drugs that interact with Warfarin. | 5abce6acfcf4565872000022_001 | {
"answer_start": [
1595
],
"text": [
"NSAIDs"
]
} |
Adverse interactions between warfarin and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs: mechanisms, clinical significance, and avoidance. OBJECTIVE: To review the mechanisms and clinical significance of adverse interactions between warfarin and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and discuss how these interactions can... | Please list 7 classes of drugs that interact with Warfarin. | 5abce6acfcf4565872000022_002 | {
"answer_start": [
1736
],
"text": [
"NSAIDs"
]
} |
Systematic overview of warfarin and its drug and food interactions. BACKGROUND: Warfarin is a highly efficacious oral anticoagulant, but its use is limited by a well-founded fear of bleeding. Drug and food interactions are frequently cited as causes of adverse events with warfarin. We provide an updated systematic over... | Please list 7 classes of drugs that interact with Warfarin. | 5abce6acfcf4565872000022_003 | {
"answer_start": [
1825
],
"text": [
"antibiotics"
]
} |
Systematic overview of warfarin and its drug and food interactions. BACKGROUND: Warfarin is a highly efficacious oral anticoagulant, but its use is limited by a well-founded fear of bleeding. Drug and food interactions are frequently cited as causes of adverse events with warfarin. We provide an updated systematic over... | Please list 7 classes of drugs that interact with Warfarin. | 5abce6acfcf4565872000022_004 | {
"answer_start": [
1990
],
"text": [
"omeprazole"
]
} |
Systematic overview of warfarin and its drug and food interactions. BACKGROUND: Warfarin is a highly efficacious oral anticoagulant, but its use is limited by a well-founded fear of bleeding. Drug and food interactions are frequently cited as causes of adverse events with warfarin. We provide an updated systematic over... | Please list 7 classes of drugs that interact with Warfarin. | 5abce6acfcf4565872000022_005 | {
"answer_start": [
2025
],
"text": [
"amiodarone"
]
} |
Effect of oral corticosteroids on chronic warfarin therapy. BACKGROUND: A potential drug interaction exists between oral corticosteroids and warfarin, but there is limited documentation. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the potential drug interaction between oral corticosteroids and long-term warfarin therapy. METHODS: A retrosp... | Please list 7 classes of drugs that interact with Warfarin. | 5abce6acfcf4565872000022_006 | {
"answer_start": [
116
],
"text": [
"oral corticosteroids"
]
} |
Effect of oral corticosteroids on chronic warfarin therapy. BACKGROUND: A potential drug interaction exists between oral corticosteroids and warfarin, but there is limited documentation. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the potential drug interaction between oral corticosteroids and long-term warfarin therapy. METHODS: A retrosp... | Please list 7 classes of drugs that interact with Warfarin. | 5abce6acfcf4565872000022_007 | {
"answer_start": [
1999
],
"text": [
"oral corticosteroids"
]
} |
Interaction between lopinavir/ritonavir and warfarin. Drug interactions involving protease inhibitors are common. Protease inhibitors are well known inhibitors of the 3A4 isozyme of cytochrome P450. Select protease inhibitors, including co-formulated lopinavir/ritonavir, may induce glucuronidation or the activity of ot... | Please list 7 classes of drugs that interact with Warfarin. | 5abce6acfcf4565872000022_008 | {
"answer_start": [
657
],
"text": [
"protease inhibitors"
]
} |
Warfarin-antibiotic interactions in older adults of an outpatient anticoagulation clinic. BACKGROUND: Several classes of drugs, such as antibiotics, may interact with warfarin to cause an increase in warfarins anticoagulant activity and the clinical relevance of warfarin-antibiotic interactions in older adults is not c... | Please list 7 classes of drugs that interact with Warfarin. | 5abce6acfcf4565872000022_009 | {
"answer_start": [
136
],
"text": [
"antibiotics"
]
} |
Drug-drug interactions between warfarin and psychotropics: updated review of the literature. As the number of psychotropics on the market expands, the likelihood increases that a patient requiring anticoagulation with warfarin will receive concurrent treatment with a psychotropic drug. Because warfarin undergoes hepati... | Please list 7 classes of drugs that interact with Warfarin. | 5abce6acfcf4565872000022_010 | {
"answer_start": [
110
],
"text": [
"psychotropics"
]
} |
Integrating interacting drugs and genetic variations to improve the predictability of warfarin maintenance dose in Chinese patients. OBJECTIVE: Compared with genetic factors, drug interactions are largely unexplored in pharmacogenetic studies. This study sought to systematically investigate the effects of VKORC1, STX4A... | Please list 7 classes of drugs that interact with Warfarin. | 5abce6acfcf4565872000022_011 | {
"answer_start": [
941
],
"text": [
"omeprazole"
]
} |
Integrating interacting drugs and genetic variations to improve the predictability of warfarin maintenance dose in Chinese patients. OBJECTIVE: Compared with genetic factors, drug interactions are largely unexplored in pharmacogenetic studies. This study sought to systematically investigate the effects of VKORC1, STX4A... | Please list 7 classes of drugs that interact with Warfarin. | 5abce6acfcf4565872000022_012 | {
"answer_start": [
925
],
"text": [
"amiodarone"
]
} |
Study of warfarin utilization in hospitalized patients: analysis of possible drug interactions. Background Drug-drug interactions in patients taking warfarin may contribute to a higher risk of adverse events. Objective To identify and evaluate the prevalence and characteristics of potential DDIs with warfarin. Methods ... | Please list 7 classes of drugs that interact with Warfarin. | 5abce6acfcf4565872000022_013 | {
"answer_start": [
1473
],
"text": [
"amiodarone"
]
} |
Clinically important drug interactions with anticoagulants. An update. Coumarin derivatives combine 3 unfavorable properties which make them prone to potentially life threatening drug-drug interactions: (i) high protein binding; (ii) cytochrome P450 dependent metabolism; and (iii) a narrow therapeutic range. An entire ... | Please list 7 classes of drugs that interact with Warfarin. | 5abce6acfcf4565872000022_014 | {
"answer_start": [
567
],
"text": [
"amiodarone"
]
} |
Clinically important drug interactions with anticoagulants. An update. Coumarin derivatives combine 3 unfavorable properties which make them prone to potentially life threatening drug-drug interactions: (i) high protein binding; (ii) cytochrome P450 dependent metabolism; and (iii) a narrow therapeutic range. An entire ... | Please list 7 classes of drugs that interact with Warfarin. | 5abce6acfcf4565872000022_015 | {
"answer_start": [
605
],
"text": [
"Cardiovascular drugs"
]
} |
Frequency of concurrent use of warfarin with potentially interacting drugs. STUDY OBJECTIVE: To determine the rates of concomitant use of drugs known to interact with warfarin by increasing the prothrombin time expressed as the international normalized ratio (INR), decreasing the INR, or increasing bleeding risk withou... | Please list 7 classes of drugs that interact with Warfarin. | 5abce6acfcf4565872000022_016 | {
"answer_start": [
1478
],
"text": [
"trazodone"
]
} |
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