row_id
int64 0
48.4k
| init_message
stringlengths 1
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| conversation_hash
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|---|---|---|---|
34,938
|
What should i optimisze Long Mad for my pc specs for a 13 year old game like wow 3.3.5a
CPU: AMD Ryzen 9 7950X 4.5 GHz 16-Core Processor 32-Thread
Motherboard: MSI MPG B650I EDGE WIFI Mini ITX AM5 Motherboard
Memory: Mushkin Enhanced Redline 64 GB (2 x 32 GB) DDR5-5600 CL28 Memory
Storage: Samsung 990 Pro w/Heatsink 2 TB M.2-2280 PCIe 4.0 X4 NVME Solid State Drive
Storage: Western Digital Black SN850X 4 TB M.2-2280 PCIe 4.0 X4 NVME Solid State Drive
Video Card: Sapphire PULSE Radeon RX 7900 XT 20 GB Video Card
Power Supply: Corsair SF1000L 1000 W 80+ Gold Certified Fully Modular SFX Power Supply
Rear Fan: Noctua A9 PWM chromax.black.swap 46.44 CFM 92 mm Fan
Radiator Fan: be quiet! Silent Wings Pro 4 97.41 CFM 140 mm Fan
Keyboard: Keychron K3 RGB Wired Gaming Keyboard
Mouse: SteelSeries Aerox 9 Wireless Optical Mouse @ 3100 dpi
Headphones: Sony XM5 Headset
Microphone: HyperX QuadCast S – RGB USB Condenser Microphone
DAC: FiiO New K3 Headphone Amplifier 384kHz/32bit
Monitor: LG OLED Evo C2 Series 42” 4K Smart TV (3840 x 2160), 120Hz Refresh Rate AMD freesync 800 nits with HDR
Operating System: Windows 11 23H2
# Long Mad
#
# Should we make our Mads a FFma or do it the long way with an FMul and an FAdd?
# This solves some rendering bugs in games that have z-pass shaders which
# don't match entirely to the regular vertex shader in this way.
#
# Supported values:
# - True/False
# d3d9.longMad = False
|
40201e6eea1b185a5e8473d5abdcf582
|
{
"intermediate": 0.30388134717941284,
"beginner": 0.22604969143867493,
"expert": 0.47006896138191223
}
|
34,939
|
Please give me a function to create decoder_input_data and decoder_target_data from output_padded in this code: import json
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torch.optim as optim
from torch.utils.data import DataLoader, Dataset
from torch.nn import TransformerDecoder, TransformerDecoderLayer
from keras.preprocessing.sequence import pad_sequences
from keras.preprocessing.text import Tokenizer
NUM_TOKENS = 6000
EPOCHS = 100
BATCH_SIZE = 96
MAX_INSTRUCTION_LENGTH = 50
MAX_OUTPUT_LENGTH = 50
# Check if CUDA (GPU support) is available and set device accordingly
device = torch.device("cuda" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu")
def load_data(json_file_path):
with open(json_file_path, "r") as f:
return json.load(f)
json_file_path = "/path/to/your/data/code_alpaca_6k.json" # Update this path to the file location
data = load_data(json_file_path)
instructions = [item["instruction"] for item in data]
outputs = ["<start> " + item["output"] + " <end>" for item in data]
tokenizer = Tokenizer(num_words=NUM_TOKENS, filters="", lower=False)
tokenizer.fit_on_texts(instructions + outputs)
instr_sequences = tokenizer.texts_to_sequences(instructions)
out_sequences = tokenizer.texts_to_sequences(outputs)
instr_padded = pad_sequences(instr_sequences, maxlen=MAX_INSTRUCTION_LENGTH, padding="post")
output_padded = pad_sequences(out_sequences, maxlen=MAX_OUTPUT_LENGTH, padding="post")
# Missing step: Prepare the decoder input and target data
# Your code should have logic here to create decoder_input_data and decoder_target_data from output_padded
class CodeAlpacaDataset(Dataset):
def init(self, instruction_padded, decoder_input_data, decoder_target_data):
self.instruction_padded = instruction_padded
self.decoder_input_data = decoder_input_data
self.decoder_target_data = decoder_target_data
def len(self):
return len(self.instruction_padded)
def getitem(self, idx):
return (torch.tensor(self.instruction_padded[idx]),
torch.tensor(self.decoder_input_data[idx]),
torch.tensor(self.decoder_target_data[idx]).flatten()) # Removed the .flatten() call
# Create the train_dataset with appropriate data (assuming you have prepared decoder_input_data and decoder_target_data)
train_dataset = CodeAlpacaDataset(instr_padded, decoder_input_data, decoder_target_data)
data_loader = DataLoader(train_dataset, batch_size=BATCH_SIZE, shuffle=True)
class CustomTransformerDecoder(nn.Module):
def init(self, vocab_size, d_model, nhead, num_decoder_layers, dim_feedforward, max_seq_length):
super(CustomTransformerDecoder, self).init()
self.embeddings = nn.Embedding(vocab_size, d_model)
self.positional_encodings = nn.Parameter(torch.zeros(max_seq_length, d_model))
decoder_layer = TransformerDecoderLayer(d_model, nhead, dim_feedforward)
self.transformer_decoder = TransformerDecoder(decoder_layer, num_decoder_layers)
self.output_layer = nn.Linear(d_model, vocab_size)
def forward(self, src, tgt, tgt_mask):
src_embeddings = self.embeddings(src) + self.positional_encodings[:src.size(1)]
tgt_embeddings = self.embeddings(tgt) + self.positional_encodings[:tgt.size(1)]
memory = self.transformer_decoder(tgt_embeddings, src_embeddings, tgt_key_padding_mask=None, memory_key_padding_mask=None, tgt_mask=tgt_mask)
out = self.output_layer(memory)
return out
# Define your model parameters
# …
model = CustomTransformerDecoder(vocab_size, d_model, nhead, num_decoder_layers, dim_feedforward, max_seq_length).to(device)
# Define loss function and optimizer
loss_function = nn.CrossEntropyLoss()
optimizer = optim.Adam(model.parameters(), lr=0.001) # Changed the learning rate to a non-zero value
scheduler = optim.lr_scheduler.OneCycleLR(optimizer, max_lr=2.5e-4, total_steps=2000)
# Training loop
for epoch in range(EPOCHS):
model.train()
total_loss = 0
for instruction_seqs, decoder_inputs, targets in data_loader:
optimizer.zero_grad()
instruction_seqs = instruction_seqs.to(device)
decoder_inputs = decoder_inputs.to(device)
targets = targets.to(device)
# Assuming that you’ve already implemented tgt_mask creation somewhere
tgt_mask = create_target_mask(decoder_inputs.size(1)).to(device)
outputs = model(instruction_seqs, decoder_inputs, tgt_mask)
outputs = outputs.view(-1, outputs.size(-1))
loss = loss_function(outputs, targets)
loss.backward()
optimizer.step()
scheduler.step()
total_loss += loss.item()
print(f"Epoch: {epoch}, Loss: {total_loss / len(data_loader):.4f}")
|
8221e7264707cb4b638d4fd43362f917
|
{
"intermediate": 0.35685139894485474,
"beginner": 0.3154532015323639,
"expert": 0.327695369720459
}
|
34,940
|
Based on this java code:
package com.github.natanbc.lavadsp.vibrato;
import com.github.natanbc.lavadsp.Converter;
public class VibratoConverter implements Converter {
private static final int ADDITIONAL_DELAY = 3;
private static final float BASE_DELAY_SEC = 0.002f; // 2 ms
private static final float VIBRATO_FREQUENCY_DEFAULT_HZ = 2;
private static final float VIBRATO_FREQUENCY_MAX_HZ = 14;
private static final float VIBRATO_DEPTH_DEFAULT_PERCENT = 50;
private final float sampleRate;
private final Lfo lfo;
private final RingBuffer buffer;
private float depth = VIBRATO_DEPTH_DEFAULT_PERCENT / 100;
public VibratoConverter(int sampleRate) {
if(sampleRate < 1) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Sample rate < 1");
}
this.sampleRate = sampleRate;
this.lfo = new Lfo(sampleRate);
this.buffer = new RingBuffer((int)(BASE_DELAY_SEC * sampleRate * 2));
}
public void setDepth(float depth) {
if(depth <= 0) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Depth <= 0");
}
if(depth > 1) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Depth > 1");
}
this.depth = depth;
}
public void setFrequency(float frequency) {
if(frequency <= 0) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Frequency <= 0");
}
if(frequency > VIBRATO_FREQUENCY_MAX_HZ) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Frequency > max (" + VIBRATO_FREQUENCY_MAX_HZ + ")");
}
lfo.frequency = frequency;
}
@Override
public void process(float[] input, int inputOffset, float[] output, int outputOffset, int samples) {
for(int i = 0; i < samples; i++) {
float lfoValue = lfo.getValue();
int maxDelay = (int)(BASE_DELAY_SEC * sampleRate);
float delay = lfoValue * depth * maxDelay + ADDITIONAL_DELAY;
output[outputOffset + i] = buffer.getHermiteAt(delay);
buffer.writeMargined(input[inputOffset + i]);
}
}
private static class Lfo {
private final float sampleRate;
float frequency = VIBRATO_FREQUENCY_DEFAULT_HZ;
float phase;
Lfo(float sampleRate) {
this.sampleRate = sampleRate;
}
float getValue() {
float dp = 2 * (float)Math.PI * frequency / sampleRate;
float value = (float)((Math.sin(phase) + 1) * 0.5);
phase += dp;
while(phase > 2 * Math.PI) {
phase -= 2 * Math.PI;
}
return value;
}
}
private static class RingBuffer {
private static final int INTERPOLATOR_MARGIN = 3;
private final float[] buffer;
private final int size;
private int writeIndex;
RingBuffer(int size) {
this.buffer = new float[size + INTERPOLATOR_MARGIN];
this.size = size;
}
void writeMargined(float sample) {
buffer[writeIndex] = sample;
if(writeIndex < INTERPOLATOR_MARGIN) {
buffer[size + writeIndex] = sample;
}
writeIndex++;
if(writeIndex == size){
writeIndex = 0;
}
}
float getHermiteAt(float delay) {
float fReadIndex = writeIndex - 1 - delay;
while(fReadIndex < 0) {
fReadIndex += size;
}
while(fReadIndex >= size) {
fReadIndex -= size;
}
int iPart = (int)fReadIndex; // integer part of the delay
float fPart = fReadIndex - iPart; // fractional part of the delay
return getSampleHermite4p3o(fPart, buffer, iPart);
}
// Hermite polynomial interpolation
// 4-point, 3rd-order Hermite (x-form)
private static float getSampleHermite4p3o(float x, float[] buffer, int offset) {
float y0 = buffer[offset];
float y1 = buffer[offset + 1];
float y2 = buffer[offset + 2];
float y3 = buffer[offset + 3];
//c0 = y[1];
//c1 = (1.0/2.0)*(y[2]-y[0]);
float c1 = (1f / 2f) * (y2 - y0);
//c2 = (y[0] - (5.0/2.0)*y[1]) + (2.0*y[2] - (1.0/2.0)*y[3]);
float c2 = (y0 - (5f / 2f) * y1) + (2f * y2 - (1f / 2f) * y3);
//c3 = (1.0/2.0)*(y[3]-y[0]) + (3.0/2.0)*(y[1]-y[2]);
float c3 = (1f / 2f) * (y3 - y0) + (3f / 2f) * (y1 - y2);
return ((c3 * x + c2) * x + c1) * x + y1;
}
}
}
Please add the "vibrato" filter to this nodejs code, and follow the syntax of the nodejs code:
class ChannelProcessor {
constructor(data, type) {
this.type = type
switch (type) {
case constants.filtering.types.equalizer: {
this.history = new Array(constants.filtering.equalizerBands * 6).fill(0)
this.bandMultipliers = data
this.current = 0
this.minus1 = 2
this.minus2 = 1
break
}
case constants.filtering.types.tremolo: {
this.frequency = data.frequency
this.depth = data.depth
this.phase = 0
break
}
case constants.filtering.types.rotationHz: {
this.phase = 0
this.rotationStep = (constants.circunferece.diameter * data.rotationHz) / constants.opus.samplingRate
break
}
}
}
processEqualizer(band) {
let processedBand = band * 0.25
for (let bandIndex = 0; bandIndex < constants.filtering.equalizerBands; bandIndex++) {
const coefficient = constants.sampleRate.coefficients[bandIndex]
const x = bandIndex * 6
const y = x + 3
const bandResult = coefficient.alpha * (band - this.history[x + this.minus2]) + coefficient.gamma * this.history[y + this.minus1] - coefficient.beta * this.history[y + this.minus2]
this.history[x + this.current] = band
this.history[y + this.current] = bandResult
processedBand += bandResult * this.bandMultipliers[bandIndex]
}
return processedBand * 4
}
processTremolo(sample) {
const lfo = Math.sin(constants.circunferece.diameter * this.frequency * this.phase / constants.opus.samplingRate)
const newAmplitude = sample * ((1 - this.depth) + this.depth * lfo)
if (this.phase >= constants.opus.samplingRate / this.frequency) this.phase = 0
else this.phase += 1
return newAmplitude
}
processRotationHz(leftSample, rightSample) {
const panning = Math.sin(this.phase)
const leftMultiplier = panning <= 0 ? 1 : 1 - panning
const rightMultiplier = panning >= 0 ? 1 : 1 + panning
this.phase += this.rotationStep
if (this.phase > constants.circunferece.diameter)
this.phase -= constants.circunferece.diameter
return {
left: leftSample * leftMultiplier,
right: rightSample * rightMultiplier
}
}
process(samples) {
const bytes = constants.pcm.bytes
for (let i = 0; i < samples.length - bytes; i += bytes * 2) {
const sample = samples.readInt16LE(i)
let result = null
switch (this.type) {
case constants.filtering.types.equalizer: {
result = this.processEqualizer(sample)
if (this.current++ == 3) this.current = 0
if (this.minus1++ == 3) this.minus1 = 0
if (this.minus2++ == 3) this.minus2 = 0
break
}
case constants.filtering.types.tremolo: {
result = this.processTremolo(sample)
break
}
case constants.filtering.types.rotationHz: {
const rightSample = samples.readInt16LE(i + 2)
const { left, right } = this.processRotationHz(sample, rightSample)
samples.writeInt16LE(clamp16Bit(left), i)
samples.writeInt16LE(clamp16Bit(right), i + 2)
break
}
}
if (this.type != constants.filtering.types.rotationHz)
samples.writeInt16LE(clamp16Bit(result), i)
}
return samples
}
}
class Filtering extends Transform {
constructor(data, type) {
super()
this.type = type
this.channel = new ChannelProcessor(data, type)
}
process(input) {
this.channel.process(input)
}
_transform(data, _encoding, callback) {
this.process(data)
return callback(null, data)
}
}
|
f0509959f444c35a8725329a90f8cd63
|
{
"intermediate": 0.37913498282432556,
"beginner": 0.4876316487789154,
"expert": 0.13323335349559784
}
|
34,941
|
Can you optimize this ReShade.ini so i can use it with any game i want (easy copy and paste) by removing game specific settings completely. But also optimize it for my PC's specs:
PC Specs:
CPU: AMD Ryzen 9 7950X 4.5 GHz 16-Core Processor 32-Thread
Motherboard: MSI MPG B650I EDGE WIFI Mini ITX AM5 Motherboard
Memory: Mushkin Enhanced Redline 64 GB (2 x 32 GB) DDR5-5600 CL28 Memory
Storage: Samsung 990 Pro w/Heatsink 2 TB M.2-2280 PCIe 4.0 X4 NVME Solid State Drive
Storage: Western Digital Black SN850X 4 TB M.2-2280 PCIe 4.0 X4 NVME Solid State Drive
Video Card: Sapphire PULSE Radeon RX 7900 XT 20 GB Video Card
Power Supply: Corsair SF1000L 1000 W 80+ Gold Certified Fully Modular SFX Power Supply
Rear Fan: Noctua A9 PWM chromax.black.swap 46.44 CFM 92 mm Fan
Radiator Fan: be quiet! Silent Wings Pro 4 97.41 CFM 140 mm Fan
Keyboard: Keychron K3 RGB Wired Gaming Keyboard
Mouse: SteelSeries Aerox 9 Wireless Optical Mouse @ 3100 dpi
Headphones: Sony XM5 Headset
Microphone: HyperX QuadCast S – RGB USB Condenser Microphone
DAC: FiiO New K3 Headphone Amplifier 384kHz/32bit
Monitor: LG OLED Evo C2 Series 42” 4K Smart TV (3840 x 2160), 120Hz Refresh Rate AMD freesync 800 nits with HDR
Operating System: Windows 11 23H2
here is the reshade.ini
[ADDON]
DisabledAddons=
[APP]
ForceDefaultRefreshRate=0
ForceFullscreen=0
ForceVsync=0
ForceWindowed=0
[DEPTH]
DepthCopyAtClearIndex=2
DepthCopyBeforeClears=0
UseAspectRatioHeuristics=1
[GENERAL]
EffectSearchPaths=D:\Apps\Portable\Reshade\reshade-shaders\Shaders\**
IntermediateCachePath=C:\Users\chris\AppData\Local\Temp\ReShade
NoDebugInfo=1
NoEffectCache=0
NoReloadOnInit=0
NoReloadOnInitForNonVR=0
PerformanceMode=1
PreprocessorDefinitions=
PresetPath=.\ReShadePreset.ini
PresetShortcutKeys=
PresetShortcutPaths=
PresetTransitionDuration=1000
SkipLoadingDisabledEffects=1
StartupPresetPath=
TextureSearchPaths=D:\Apps\Portable\Reshade\reshade-shaders\Textures\**
[INPUT]
ForceShortcutModifiers=1
GamepadNavigation=1
InputProcessing=2
KeyEffects=35,1,0,1
KeyNextPreset=0,0,0,0
KeyOverlay=36,1,1,1
KeyPerformanceMode=0,0,0,0
KeyPreviousPreset=0,0,0,0
KeyReload=35,1,1,1
KeyScreenshot=44,1,1,1
[OVERLAY]
AutoSavePreset=1
ClockFormat=0
Docking=[Docking][Data],DockSpace ID=0x7E010B79 Window=0x995B0CF8 Pos=8,,8 Size=3824,,2144 Split=X, DockNode ID=0x00000001 Parent=0x7E010B79 SizeRef=1343,,2160 Selected=0x54723243, DockNode ID=0x00000002 Parent=0x7E010B79 SizeRef=2495,,2160 CentralNode=1
FPSPosition=1
NoFontScaling=0
ShowClock=0
ShowForceLoadEffectsButton=1
ShowFPS=2
ShowFrameTime=0
ShowPresetTransitionMessage=1
ShowScreenshotMessage=1
TutorialProgress=4
VariableListHeight=1187.000000
VariableListUseTabs=0
Window=[Window][Home],Pos=8,,8,Size=1343,,2144,Collapsed=0,DockId=0x00000001,,0,[Window][Add-ons],Pos=8,,8,Size=1343,,2144,Collapsed=0,DockId=0x00000001,,1,[Window][Settings],Pos=8,,8,Size=1343,,2144,Collapsed=0,DockId=0x00000001,,2,[Window][Statistics],Pos=8,,8,Size=1343,,2144,Collapsed=0,DockId=0x00000001,,3,[Window][Log],Pos=8,,8,Size=1343,,2144,Collapsed=0,DockId=0x00000001,,4,[Window][About],Pos=8,,8,Size=1343,,2144,Collapsed=0,DockId=0x00000001,,5,[Window][###editor],Collapsed=0,DockId=0x00000002,[Window][Viewport],Pos=0,,0,Size=3840,,2160,Collapsed=0,[Window][Debug##Default],Pos=60,,60,Size=400,,400,Collapsed=0
[SCREENSHOT]
ClearAlpha=1
FileFormat=1
FileNaming=%AppName% %Date% %Time%
JPEGQuality=90
PostSaveCommand=
PostSaveCommandArguments="%TargetPath%"
PostSaveCommandNoWindow=0
PostSaveCommandWorkingDirectory=.\
SaveBeforeShot=0
SaveOverlayShot=0
SavePath=.\
SavePresetFile=0
SoundPath=
[STYLE]
Alpha=1.000000
ChildRounding=2.000000
ColFPSText=1.000000,1.000000,0.784314,1.000000
EditorFont=C:\Users\chris\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\Fonts\ExpresswayRg-Regular.ttf
EditorFontSize=26
EditorStyleIndex=0
Font=C:\Users\chris\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\Fonts\ExpresswayRg-Regular.ttf
FontSize=26
FPSScale=1.000000
FrameRounding=2.000000
GrabRounding=2.000000
HdrOverlayBrightness=203.000000
HdrOverlayOverwriteColorSpaceTo=0
PopupRounding=2.000000
ScrollbarRounding=2.000000
StyleIndex=0
TabRounding=2.000000
WindowRounding=2.000000
|
0a254fde7c5406bb8e1ebf82d5ff7514
|
{
"intermediate": 0.3164481520652771,
"beginner": 0.4123452305793762,
"expert": 0.2712065875530243
}
|
34,942
|
I'm trying to make a vibrato effect on nodejs:
const INTERPOLATOR_MARGIN = 3
const ADDITIONAL_DELAY = 3
const BASE_DELAY_SEC = 0.002
const VIBRATO_FREQUENCY_DEFAULT_HZ = 2
const VIBRATO_FREQUENCY_MAX_HZ = 14
const VIBRATO_DEPTH_DEFAULT_PERCENT = 50
class ChannelProcessor {
constructor(data, type) {
this.type = type
switch (type) {
case constants.filtering.types.equalizer: {
this.history = new Array(constants.filtering.equalizerBands * 6).fill(0)
this.bandMultipliers = data
this.current = 0
this.minus1 = 2
this.minus2 = 1
break
}
case constants.filtering.types.tremolo: {
this.frequency = data.frequency
this.depth = data.depth
this.phase = 0
break
}
case constants.filtering.types.rotationHz: {
this.phase = 0
this.rotationStep = (constants.circunferece.diameter * data.rotationHz) / constants.opus.samplingRate
break
}
case constants.filtering.types.vibrato: {
this.lfoPhase = 0;
this.lfoFrequency = data.frequency || VIBRATO_FREQUENCY_DEFAULT_HZ;
this.depth = data.depth || 0.5; // Already normalized between 0 and 1.
this.baseDelaySamples = BASE_DELAY_SEC * constants.opus.samplingRate;
this.bufferSize = Math.ceil(this.baseDelaySamples) + ADDITIONAL_DELAY + INTERPOLATOR_MARGIN;
this.delayBufferL = new Float32Array(this.bufferSize);
this.delayBufferR = new Float32Array(this.bufferSize);
this.writeIndex = 0;
break;
}
// …rest of the filter types…
}
}
processEqualizer(band) {
let processedBand = band * 0.25
for (let bandIndex = 0; bandIndex < constants.filtering.equalizerBands; bandIndex++) {
const coefficient = constants.sampleRate.coefficients[bandIndex]
const x = bandIndex * 6
const y = x + 3
const bandResult = coefficient.alpha * (band - this.history[x + this.minus2]) + coefficient.gamma * this.history[y + this.minus1] - coefficient.beta * this.history[y + this.minus2]
this.history[x + this.current] = band
this.history[y + this.current] = bandResult
processedBand += bandResult * this.bandMultipliers[bandIndex]
}
return processedBand * 4
}
processTremolo(sample) {
const lfo = Math.sin(constants.circunferece.diameter * this.frequency * this.phase / constants.opus.samplingRate)
const newAmplitude = sample * ((1 - this.depth) + this.depth * lfo)
if (this.phase >= constants.opus.samplingRate / this.frequency) this.phase = 0
else this.phase += 1
return newAmplitude
}
processRotationHz(leftSample, rightSample) {
const panning = Math.sin(this.phase)
const leftMultiplier = panning <= 0 ? 1 : 1 - panning
const rightMultiplier = panning >= 0 ? 1 : 1 + panning
this.phase += this.rotationStep
if (this.phase > constants.circunferece.diameter)
this.phase -= constants.circunferece.diameter
return {
left: leftSample * leftMultiplier,
right: rightSample * rightMultiplier
}
}
applyVibrato(sample, delayBuffer) {
// Store the incoming sample in the delay buffer
delayBuffer[this.writeIndex] = sample;
// Calculate the delay for the current sample
const lfoValue = Math.sin(this.lfoPhase * 2 * Math.PI * this.lfoFrequency / this.sampleRate);
this.lfoPhase += (1 / this.sampleRate);
if (this.lfoPhase > 1) this.lfoPhase -= 1;
const currentDelay = this.baseDelaySamples + ADDITIONAL_DELAY + (lfoValue * this.depth * this.baseDelaySamples);
// Calculate read position
let readPos = this.writeIndex - Math.floor(currentDelay);
if (readPos < 0) readPos += this.bufferSize; // wraparound for negative indices
const fracDelay = currentDelay % 1; // the fractional part of the delay
// Interpolation
const interpolatedSample = this.hermiteInterpolate(delayBuffer, readPos, fracDelay);
// Advance the write index for the next call
this.writeIndex = (this.writeIndex + 1) % this.bufferSize;
// Return the interpolated sample
return interpolatedSample;
}
hermiteInterpolate(buffer, position, fractional) {
// Define local function to handle wrapping of indices
const wrapIndex = (i) => (i + this.bufferSize) % this.bufferSize;
// Get surrounding samples for interpolation, taking into account buffer wrap
const xm1 = buffer[wrapIndex(position - 1)];
const x0 = buffer[position]; // current sample
const x1 = buffer[wrapIndex(position + 1)];
const x2 = buffer[wrapIndex(position + 2)];
// Compute Hermite coefficients
const c0 = x0;
const c1 = 0.5 * (x1 - xm1);
const c2 = xm1 - (2.5 * x0) + (2 * x1) - (0.5 * x2);
const c3 = 0.5 * (x2 - xm1) + (1.5 * (x0 - x1));
// The interpolation polynomial
return (((c3 * fractional + c2) * fractional + c1) * fractional + c0);
}
process(samples) {
const bytes = constants.pcm.bytes
for (let i = 0; i < samples.length - bytes; i += bytes * 2) {
const sample = samples.readInt16LE(i)
let result = null
switch (this.type) {
case constants.filtering.types.equalizer: {
result = this.processEqualizer(sample)
if (this.current++ == 3) this.current = 0
if (this.minus1++ == 3) this.minus1 = 0
if (this.minus2++ == 3) this.minus2 = 0
break
}
case constants.filtering.types.tremolo: {
result = this.processTremolo(sample)
break
}
case constants.filtering.types.rotationHz: {
const rightSample = samples.readInt16LE(i + 2)
const { left, right } = this.processRotationHz(sample, rightSample)
samples.writeInt16LE(clamp16Bit(left), i)
samples.writeInt16LE(clamp16Bit(right), i + 2)
break
}
case constants.filtering.types.vibrato: {
const sampleL = samples.readInt16LE(i);
const sampleR = samples.readInt16LE(i + 2);
const processedSampleL = this.applyVibrato(sampleL, this.delayBufferL);
const processedSampleR = this.applyVibrato(sampleR, this.delayBufferR);
samples.writeInt16LE(clamp16Bit(processedSampleL), i);
samples.writeInt16LE(clamp16Bit(processedSampleR), i + 2);
break
}
}
if (this.type != constants.filtering.types.rotationHz && this.type != constants.filtering.types.vibrato)
samples.writeInt16LE(clamp16Bit(result), i)
}
return samples
}
}
Based on a java code:
package com.github.natanbc.lavadsp.vibrato;
import com.github.natanbc.lavadsp.Converter;
public class VibratoConverter implements Converter {
private static final int ADDITIONAL_DELAY = 3;
private static final float BASE_DELAY_SEC = 0.002f; // 2 ms
private static final float VIBRATO_FREQUENCY_DEFAULT_HZ = 2;
private static final float VIBRATO_FREQUENCY_MAX_HZ = 14;
private static final float VIBRATO_DEPTH_DEFAULT_PERCENT = 50;
private final float sampleRate;
private final Lfo lfo;
private final RingBuffer buffer;
private float depth = VIBRATO_DEPTH_DEFAULT_PERCENT / 100;
public VibratoConverter(int sampleRate) {
if(sampleRate < 1) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Sample rate < 1");
}
this.sampleRate = sampleRate;
this.lfo = new Lfo(sampleRate);
this.buffer = new RingBuffer((int)(BASE_DELAY_SEC * sampleRate * 2));
}
public void setDepth(float depth) {
if(depth <= 0) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Depth <= 0");
}
if(depth > 1) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Depth > 1");
}
this.depth = depth;
}
public void setFrequency(float frequency) {
if(frequency <= 0) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Frequency <= 0");
}
if(frequency > VIBRATO_FREQUENCY_MAX_HZ) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Frequency > max (" + VIBRATO_FREQUENCY_MAX_HZ + ")");
}
lfo.frequency = frequency;
}
@Override
public void process(float[] input, int inputOffset, float[] output, int outputOffset, int samples) {
for(int i = 0; i < samples; i++) {
float lfoValue = lfo.getValue();
int maxDelay = (int)(BASE_DELAY_SEC * sampleRate);
float delay = lfoValue * depth * maxDelay + ADDITIONAL_DELAY;
output[outputOffset + i] = buffer.getHermiteAt(delay);
buffer.writeMargined(input[inputOffset + i]);
}
}
private static class Lfo {
private final float sampleRate;
float frequency = VIBRATO_FREQUENCY_DEFAULT_HZ;
float phase;
Lfo(float sampleRate) {
this.sampleRate = sampleRate;
}
float getValue() {
float dp = 2 * (float)Math.PI * frequency / sampleRate;
float value = (float)((Math.sin(phase) + 1) * 0.5);
phase += dp;
while(phase > 2 * Math.PI) {
phase -= 2 * Math.PI;
}
return value;
}
}
private static class RingBuffer {
private static final int INTERPOLATOR_MARGIN = 3;
private final float[] buffer;
private final int size;
private int writeIndex;
RingBuffer(int size) {
this.buffer = new float[size + INTERPOLATOR_MARGIN];
this.size = size;
}
void writeMargined(float sample) {
buffer[writeIndex] = sample;
if(writeIndex < INTERPOLATOR_MARGIN) {
buffer[size + writeIndex] = sample;
}
writeIndex++;
if(writeIndex == size){
writeIndex = 0;
}
}
float getHermiteAt(float delay) {
float fReadIndex = writeIndex - 1 - delay;
while(fReadIndex < 0) {
fReadIndex += size;
}
while(fReadIndex >= size) {
fReadIndex -= size;
}
int iPart = (int)fReadIndex; // integer part of the delay
float fPart = fReadIndex - iPart; // fractional part of the delay
return getSampleHermite4p3o(fPart, buffer, iPart);
}
// Hermite polynomial interpolation
// 4-point, 3rd-order Hermite (x-form)
private static float getSampleHermite4p3o(float x, float[] buffer, int offset) {
float y0 = buffer[offset];
float y1 = buffer[offset + 1];
float y2 = buffer[offset + 2];
float y3 = buffer[offset + 3];
//c0 = y[1];
//c1 = (1.0/2.0)*(y[2]-y[0]);
float c1 = (1f / 2f) * (y2 - y0);
//c2 = (y[0] - (5.0/2.0)*y[1]) + (2.0*y[2] - (1.0/2.0)*y[3]);
float c2 = (y0 - (5f / 2f) * y1) + (2f * y2 - (1f / 2f) * y3);
//c3 = (1.0/2.0)*(y[3]-y[0]) + (3.0/2.0)*(y[1]-y[2]);
float c3 = (1f / 2f) * (y3 - y0) + (3f / 2f) * (y1 - y2);
return ((c3 * x + c2) * x + c1) * x + y1;
}
}
}
However, it doesn't end up having the same effect, it's way different, could you help me make it the same?
|
6b467756b9d7f81fd416ee0cf56873a8
|
{
"intermediate": 0.32297712564468384,
"beginner": 0.40338170528411865,
"expert": 0.2736411392688751
}
|
34,943
|
create a xtream player using react js and tailwind
|
7f642246ec67bc53b16d0fe19b6bbcb5
|
{
"intermediate": 0.4236488342285156,
"beginner": 0.2374231070280075,
"expert": 0.33892807364463806
}
|
34,944
|
I want an EQ for equalizer apo for my male voice for HyperX Quadcast S USB Microphone
|
bfdc3e59ea71ae9dc2cfa224a9a006e5
|
{
"intermediate": 0.37335193157196045,
"beginner": 0.2976330816745758,
"expert": 0.3290150761604309
}
|
34,945
|
Create an array which summarizes the strength of interrelationship between individual pairs of the components below, represented as nodes with edges. Since there are 30 components, there should be 30 edges with edge weights between 0 to 1, with an actual value proportional to the strength of individual pair relationships (to the nearest tenth of a decimal point).
1. Business cycle
2. Market equilibrium
3. Supply and demand
4. Consumer behavior
5. Monetary policy
6. Fiscal policy
7. Inflation rates
8. Unemployment rates
9. International trade
10. Exchange rates
11. Interest rates
12. Economic growth
13. Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
14. Investment strategies
15. Asset diversification
16. Market liquidity
17. Financial stability
18. Risk management
19. Market anomalies
20. Behavioral economics
21. Corporate governance
22. Capital markets
23. Commodities markets
24. Stock market indices
25. Hedge funds
26. Derivatives
27. Financial derivatives
28. Real estate markets
29. Sentiment analysis
30. Socio-economic factors
|
8abafc2fa0f6855de9dadc4159b7f0f0
|
{
"intermediate": 0.36368006467819214,
"beginner": 0.3352664113044739,
"expert": 0.3010534942150116
}
|
34,946
|
Write a Python script to perform Binary search
|
f8230ac0640604420710416a58a660c2
|
{
"intermediate": 0.33041468262672424,
"beginner": 0.16741059720516205,
"expert": 0.5021747350692749
}
|
34,947
|
Automating AWS Budget Alerts for Cost Management
Objective:
This project aims to automate budget alerts in Amazon Web Services (AWS) to proactively manage and monitor costs associated with cloud infrastructure. The primary objective is to receive timely notifications when the total billing for AWS services reaches a predefined threshold, specifically $10. This scenario is crucial for organizations and developers seeking effective cost control and budget management in a cloud computing environment.
Problem Identification:
1. Context:
In cloud computing, where resources are provisioned on-demand and billed based on usage, cost management is a critical aspect. AWS offers various services, each associated with its costs. Without proper monitoring, organizations may inadvertently exceed their budget, leading to unexpected expenses.
2. Scenario Description:
The scenario involves setting up an automated system to monitor the total billing in AWS and receive alerts when the accumulated cost reaches $10. This is achieved by leveraging AWS Budgets and CloudWatch Alarms, combining budgeting and monitoring functionalities.
3. Importance of the Scenario:
Cost Control: Many organizations operate on tight budgets, and cloud costs can quickly escalate. Proactive monitoring ensures that cost thresholds are not exceeded, preventing financial surprises.
Resource Optimization: Understanding cost patterns enables optimization of resource usage. Developers can identify opportunities to resize, modify, or terminate instances, leading to cost savings.
Approach:
1. AWS Budgets Setup:
The first step involves using Boto3 to create an AWS Budget. This budget is configured to monitor the total cost, specified in USD, with a monthly time unit. The budget includes notifications to be triggered when the actual cost exceeds 100% of the budgeted amount.
2. CloudWatch Alarm Configuration:
A CloudWatch Alarm is then set up to monitor the 'EstimatedCharges' metric in the 'AWS/Billing' namespace. The alarm triggers when the estimated charges surpass the defined threshold of $10. This alarm is linked to the AWS Budget to ensure a seamless integration of budgeting and monitoring.
3. Boto3 Scripting:
The entire process is automated using a Python script with Boto3. The script initializes AWS clients for Budgets and CloudWatch, creates an AWS Budget, and establishes a CloudWatch Alarm associated with that budget.
4. Testing and Verification:
The scenario concludes with testing to ensure that the automated system functions as expected. AWS billing is deliberately incurred to validate the triggering of the budget alert and subsequent email notifications.
Challenges and Anticipated Difficulty:
While the scenario addresses a fundamental need for cost management in AWS, several challenges and potential difficulties may arise:
AWS Permissions: Ensuring that the AWS credentials used in the script have the necessary permissions to create budgets and alarms.
Script Configuration: Properly configure the Python script with accurate AWS credentials and parameter values.
Debugging: Troubleshooting any issues that may arise during script execution, including AWS API errors or misconfigurations.
Integration Complexity: Integrating AWS Budgets and CloudWatch Alarms seamlessly requires a clear understanding of both services and their interactions.
Conclusion:
Automating AWS budget alerts for cost management is a valuable scenario with practical implications for real-world cloud infrastructure management. The integration of AWS Budgets and CloudWatch Alarms, facilitated by Boto3 scripting, demonstrates a proactive approach to cost control and resource optimization. The anticipated challenges provide opportunities for skill development and problem-solving, making this scenario a valuable learning experience. This project not only addresses the immediate need for cost monitoring but also contributes to the broader skill set of AWS infrastructure management.
|
314742cf9c0ec6ce954366e8c35addb4
|
{
"intermediate": 0.47837671637535095,
"beginner": 0.22608745098114014,
"expert": 0.2955358028411865
}
|
34,948
|
The Annotated S4
Efficiently Modeling Long Sequences with Structured State Spaces
Albert Gu, Karan Goel, and Christopher Ré.
Blog Post and Library by Sasha Rush and Sidd Karamcheti, v3
The Structured State Space for Sequence Modeling (S4) architecture is a new approach to very long-range sequence modeling tasks for vision, language, and audio, showing a capacity to capture dependencies over tens of thousands of steps. Especially impressive are the model’s results on the challenging Long Range Arena benchmark, showing an ability to reason over sequences of up to 16,000+ elements with high accuracy.
The paper is also a refreshing departure from Transformers, taking a very different approach to an important problem-space. However, several of our colleagues have also noted privately the difficulty of gaining intuition for the model. This blog post is a first step towards this goal of gaining intuition, linking concrete code implementations with explanations from the S4 paper – very much in the style of the annotated Transformer. Hopefully this combination of code and literate explanations helps you follow the details of the model. By the end of the blog you will have an efficient working version of S4 that can operate as a CNN for training, but then convert to an efficient RNN at test time. To preview the results, you will be able to generate images from pixels and sounds directly from audio waves on a standard GPU.
Table of Contents
Part 1: State Space Models (Modeling)
Discrete-time SSM: The Recurrent Representation
Tangent: A Mechanics Example
Training SSMs: The Convolutional Representation
An SSM Neural Network.
Part 1b: Addressing Long-Range Dependencies with HiPPO
Part 2: Implementing S4 (Advanced)
Step 1. SSM Generating Functions
Step 2: Diagonal Case
Step 3: Diagonal Plus Low-Rank
Diagonal Plus Low-Rank RNN.
Turning HiPPO to DPLR
Final Check
Part 3: S4 in Practice (NN Implementation)
S4 CNN / RNN Layer
Sampling and Caching
Experiments: MNIST
Experiments: QuickDraw
Experiments: Spoken Digits
Conclusion
Note that this project uses JAX with the Flax NN library. While we personally mainly use Torch, the functional nature of JAX is a good fit for some of the complexities of S4. We make heavy use of vmap, scan, their NN cousins, and most importantly jax.jit to compile fast and efficient S4 layers.
from functools import partial
import jax
import jax.numpy as np
from flax import linen as nn
from jax.nn.initializers import lecun_normal, normal
from jax.numpy.linalg import eigh, inv, matrix_power
from jax.scipy.signal import convolve
if __name__ == "__main__":
# For this tutorial, construct a global JAX rng key
# But we don't want it when importing as a library
rng = jax.random.PRNGKey(1)
Part 1: State Space Models
Let’s get started! Our goal is the efficient modeling of long sequences. To do this, we are going to build a new neural network layer based on State Space Models. By the end of this section we will be able to build and run a model with this layer. However, we are going to need some technical background. Let’s work our way through the background of the paper.
The state space model is defined by this simple equation. It maps a 1-D input signal
�
(
�
)
u(t) to an
�
N-D latent state
�
(
�
)
x(t) before projecting to a 1-D output signal
�
(
�
)
y(t).
�
′
(
�
)
=
�
�
(
�
)
+
�
�
(
�
)
�
(
�
)
=
�
�
(
�
)
+
�
�
(
�
)
x
′
(t)
y(t)
=Ax(t)+Bu(t)
=Cx(t)+Du(t)
Our goal is to simply use the SSM as a black-box representation in a deep sequence model, where
�
,
�
,
�
,
�
A,B,C,D are parameters learned by gradient descent. For the remainder, we will omit the parameter
�
D for exposition (or equivalently, assume
�
=
0
D=0 because the term
�
�
Du can be viewed as a skip connection and is easy to compute).
An SSM maps a input
�
(
�
)
u(t) to a state representation vector
�
(
�
)
x(t) and an output
�
(
�
)
y(t). For simplicity, we assume the input and output are one-dimensional, and the state representation is
�
N-dimensional. The first equation defines the change in
�
(
�
)
x(t) over time.
Our SSMs will be defined by three matrices –
�
,
�
,
�
A,B,C – which we will learn. For now we begin with a random SSM, to define sizes,
def random_SSM(rng, N):
a_r, b_r, c_r = jax.random.split(rng, 3)
A = jax.random.uniform(a_r, (N, N))
B = jax.random.uniform(b_r, (N, 1))
C = jax.random.uniform(c_r, (1, N))
return A, B, C
Discrete-time SSM: The Recurrent Representation
To be applied on a discrete input sequence
(
�
0
,
�
1
,
…
)
(u
0
,u
1
,…) instead of continuous function
�
(
�
)
u(t), the SSM must be discretized by a step size
Δ
Δ that represents the resolution of the input. Conceptually, the inputs
�
�
u
k
can be viewed as sampling an implicit underlying continuous signal
�
(
�
)
u(t), where
�
�
=
�
(
�
Δ
)
u
k
=u(kΔ).
To discretize the continuous-time SSM, we use the bilinear method, which converts the state matrix
�
A into an approximation
�
‾
A
. The discrete SSM is:
�
‾
=
(
�
−
Δ
/
2
⋅
�
)
−
1
(
�
+
Δ
/
2
⋅
�
)
�
‾
=
(
�
−
Δ
/
2
⋅
�
)
−
1
Δ
�
�
‾
=
�
A
B
C
=(I−Δ/2⋅A)
−1
(I+Δ/2⋅A)
=(I−Δ/2⋅A)
−1
ΔB
=C
def discretize(A, B, C, step):
I = np.eye(A.shape[0])
BL = inv(I - (step / 2.0) * A)
Ab = BL @ (I + (step / 2.0) * A)
Bb = (BL * step) @ B
return Ab, Bb, C
This equation is now a sequence-to-sequence map
�
�
↦
�
�
u
k
↦y
k
instead of function-to-function. Moreover the state equation is now a recurrence in
�
�
x
k
, allowing the discrete SSM to be computed like an RNN. Concretely,
�
�
∈
�
�
x
k
∈R
N
can be viewed as a hidden state with transition matrix
�
‾
A
.
�
�
=
�
‾
�
�
−
1
+
�
‾
�
�
�
�
=
�
‾
�
�
x
k
y
k
=
A
x
k−1
+
B
u
k
=
C
x
k
As the paper says, this “step” function does look superficially like that of an RNN. We can implement this with a scan in JAX,
def scan_SSM(Ab, Bb, Cb, u, x0):
def step(x_k_1, u_k):
x_k = Ab @ x_k_1 + Bb @ u_k
y_k = Cb @ x_k
return x_k, y_k
return jax.lax.scan(step, x0, u)
Putting everything together, we can run the SSM by first discretizing, then iterating step by step,
def run_SSM(A, B, C, u):
L = u.shape[0]
N = A.shape[0]
Ab, Bb, Cb = discretize(A, B, C, step=1.0 / L)
# Run recurrence
return scan_SSM(Ab, Bb, Cb, u[:, np.newaxis], np.zeros((N,)))[1]
Tangent: A Mechanics Example
To gain some more intuition and test our SSM implementation, we pause from machine learning to implement a classic example from mechanics.
In this example, we consider the forward position
�
(
�
)
y(t) of a mass attached to a wall with a spring. Over time, varying force
�
(
�
)
u(t) is applied to this mass. The system is parameterized by mass (
�
m), spring constant (
�
k), friction constant (
�
b). We can relate these with the following differential equation:
�
�
′
′
(
�
)
=
�
(
�
)
−
�
�
′
(
�
)
−
�
�
(
�
)
my
′′
(t)=u(t)−by
′
(t)−ky(t)
Rewriting this in matrix form yields an SSM in the following form:
�
=
[
0
1
−
�
/
�
−
�
/
�
]
�
=
[
0
1
/
�
]
�
=
[
1
0
]
A
B
=[
0
−k/m
1
−b/m
]
=[
0
1/m
]
C=[
1
0
]
def example_mass(k, b, m):
A = np.array([[0, 1], [-k / m, -b / m]])
B = np.array([[0], [1.0 / m]])
C = np.array([[1.0, 0]])
return A, B, C
Looking at the
�
C, we should be able to convince ourselves that the first dimension of the hidden state is the position (since that becomes
�
(
�
)
y(t)). The second dimension is the velocity, as it is impacted by
�
(
�
)
u(t) through
�
B. The transition
�
A relates these terms.
We’ll set
�
u to be a continuous function of
�
t,
@partial(np.vectorize, signature="()->()")
def example_force(t):
x = np.sin(10 * t)
return x * (x > 0.5)
Let’s run this SSM through our code.
def example_ssm():
# SSM
ssm = example_mass(k=40, b=5, m=1)
# L samples of u(t).
L = 100
step = 1.0 / L
ks = np.arange(L)
u = example_force(ks * step)
# Approximation of y(t).
y = run_SSM(*ssm, u)
# Plotting ---
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import seaborn
from celluloid import Camera
seaborn.set_context("paper")
fig, (ax1, ax2, ax3) = plt.subplots(3)
camera = Camera(fig)
ax1.set_title("Force $u_k$")
ax2.set_title("Position $y_k$")
ax3.set_title("Object")
ax1.set_xticks([], [])
ax2.set_xticks([], [])
# Animate plot over time
for k in range(0, L, 2):
ax1.plot(ks[:k], u[:k], color="red")
ax2.plot(ks[:k], y[:k], color="blue")
ax3.boxplot(
[[y[k, 0] - 0.04, y[k, 0], y[k, 0] + 0.04]],
showcaps=False,
whis=False,
vert=False,
widths=10,
)
camera.snap()
anim = camera.animate()
anim.save("images/line.gif", dpi=150, writer="imagemagick")
if False:
example_ssm()
Neat! And that it was just 1 SSM, with 2 hidden states over 100 steps. The final model will have had 100s of stacked SSMs over thousands of steps. But first – we need to make these models practical to train.
Training SSMs: The Convolutional Representation
The punchline of this section is that we can turn the “RNN” above into a “CNN” by unrolling. Let’s go through the derivation.
The recurrent SSM is not practical for training on modern hardware due to its sequential nature. Instead, there is a well-known connection between linear time-invariant (LTI) SSMs and continuous convolutions. Correspondingly, the recurrent SSM can actually be written as a discrete convolution.
For simplicity let the initial state be
�
−
1
=
0
x
−1
=0. Then unrolling explicitly yields:
�
0
=
�
‾
�
0
�
1
=
�
‾
�
‾
�
0
+
�
‾
�
1
�
2
=
�
‾
2
�
‾
�
0
+
�
‾
�
‾
�
1
+
�
‾
�
2
…
�
0
=
�
‾
�
‾
�
0
�
1
=
�
‾
�
‾
�
‾
�
0
+
�
‾
�
‾
�
1
�
2
=
�
‾
�
‾
2
�
‾
�
0
+
�
‾
�
‾
�
‾
�
1
+
�
‾
�
‾
�
2
…
x
0
y
0
=
B
u
0
=
C
B
u
0
x
1
y
1
=
A
B
u
0
+
B
u
1
=
C
A
B
u
0
+
C
B
u
1
x
2
y
2
=
A
2
B
u
0
+
A
B
u
1
+
B
u
2
=
C
A
2
B
u
0
+
C
A
B
u
1
+
C
B
u
2
…
…
This can be vectorized into a convolution with an explicit formula for the convolution kernel.
�
�
=
�
‾
�
‾
�
�
‾
�
0
+
�
‾
�
‾
�
−
1
�
‾
�
1
+
⋯
+
�
‾
�
‾
�
‾
�
�
−
1
+
�
‾
�
‾
�
�
�
=
�
‾
∗
�
y
k
y
=
C
A
k
B
u
0
+
C
A
k−1
B
u
1
+⋯+
C
A
B
u
k−1
+
C
B
u
k
=
K
∗u
�
‾
∈
�
�
=
(
�
‾
�
‾
,
�
‾
�
‾
�
‾
,
…
,
�
‾
�
‾
�
−
1
�
‾
)
K
∈R
L
=(
C
B
,
C
A
B
,…,
C
A
L−1
B
)
We call
�
‾
K
the SSM convolution kernel or filter.
Note that this is a giant filter. It is the size of the entire sequence!
def K_conv(Ab, Bb, Cb, L):
return np.array(
[(Cb @ matrix_power(Ab, l) @ Bb).reshape() for l in range(L)]
)
Warning: this implementation is naive and unstable. In practice it will fail to work for more than very small lengths. However, we are going to replace it with S4 in Part 2, so for now we just keep it around as a placeholder.
We can compute the result of applying this filter either with a standard direct convolution or by using convolution theorem with Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). The discrete convolution theorem - for circular convolution of two sequences - allows us to efficiently calculate the output of convolution by first multiplying FFTs of the input sequences and then applying an inverse FFT. To utilize this theorem for non-circular convolutions as in our case, we need to pad the input sequences with zeros, and then unpad the output sequence. As the length gets longer this FFT method will be more efficient than the direct convolution,
def causal_convolution(u, K, nofft=False):
if nofft:
return convolve(u, K, mode="full")[: u.shape[0]]
else:
assert K.shape[0] == u.shape[0]
ud = np.fft.rfft(np.pad(u, (0, K.shape[0])))
Kd = np.fft.rfft(np.pad(K, (0, u.shape[0])))
out = ud * Kd
return np.fft.irfft(out)[: u.shape[0]]
The CNN method and the RNN method yield (roughly) the same result,
def test_cnn_is_rnn(N=4, L=16, step=1.0 / 16):
ssm = random_SSM(rng, N)
u = jax.random.uniform(rng, (L,))
jax.random.split(rng, 3)
# RNN
rec = run_SSM(*ssm, u)
# CNN
ssmb = discretize(*ssm, step=step)
conv = causal_convolution(u, K_conv(*ssmb, L))
# Check
assert np.allclose(rec.ravel(), conv.ravel())
An SSM Neural Network.
We now have all of the machinery needed to build a basic SSM neural network layer. As defined above, the discrete SSM defines a map from
�
�
→
�
�
R
L
→R
L
, i.e. a 1-D sequence map. We assume that we are going to be learning the parameters
�
B and
�
C, as well as a step size
Δ
Δ and a scalar
�
D parameter. The HiPPO matrix is used for the transition
�
A. We learn the step size in log space.
def log_step_initializer(dt_min=0.001, dt_max=0.1):
def init(key, shape):
return jax.random.uniform(key, shape) * (
np.log(dt_max) - np.log(dt_min)
) + np.log(dt_min)
return init
For the SSM layer most of the work is to build the filter. The actual call to the network is just the (huge) convolution we specified above.
Note for Torch users: setup in Flax is called each time the parameters are updated. This is similar to the Torch parameterizations.
As noted above this same layer can be used either as an RNN or a CNN. The argument decode determines which path is used. In the case of RNN we cache the previous state at each call in a Flax variable collection called cache.
class SSMLayer(nn.Module):
N: int
l_max: int
decode: bool = False
def setup(self):
# SSM parameters
self.A = self.param("A", lecun_normal(), (self.N, self.N))
self.B = self.param("B", lecun_normal(), (self.N, 1))
self.C = self.param("C", lecun_normal(), (1, self.N))
self.D = self.param("D", nn.initializers.ones, (1,))
# Step parameter
self.log_step = self.param("log_step", log_step_initializer(), (1,))
step = np.exp(self.log_step)
self.ssm = discretize(self.A, self.B, self.C, step=step)
self.K = K_conv(*self.ssm, self.l_max)
# RNN cache for long sequences
self.x_k_1 = self.variable("cache", "cache_x_k", np.zeros, (self.N,))
def __call__(self, u):
if not self.decode:
# CNN Mode
return causal_convolution(u, self.K) + self.D * u
else:
# RNN Mode
x_k, y_s = scan_SSM(*self.ssm, u[:, np.newaxis], self.x_k_1.value)
if self.is_mutable_collection("cache"):
self.x_k_1.value = x_k
return y_s.reshape(-1).real + self.D * u
Since our SSMs operate on scalars, we make
�
H different, stacked copies (
�
H different SSMs!) with different parameters. Here we use the Flax vmap method to easily define these copies,
def cloneLayer(layer):
return nn.vmap(
layer,
in_axes=1,
out_axes=1,
variable_axes={"params": 1, "cache": 1, "prime": 1},
split_rngs={"params": True},
)
SSMLayer = cloneLayer(SSMLayer)
This SSM Layer can then be put into a standard NN. Here we add a block that pairs a call to an SSM with dropout and a linear projection.
class SequenceBlock(nn.Module):
layer_cls: nn.Module
layer: dict # Hyperparameters of inner layer
dropout: float
d_model: int
prenorm: bool = True
glu: bool = True
training: bool = True
decode: bool = False
def setup(self):
self.seq = self.layer_cls(**self.layer, decode=self.decode)
self.norm = nn.LayerNorm()
self.out = nn.Dense(self.d_model)
if self.glu:
self.out2 = nn.Dense(self.d_model)
self.drop = nn.Dropout(
self.dropout,
broadcast_dims=[0],
deterministic=not self.training,
)
def __call__(self, x):
skip = x
if self.prenorm:
x = self.norm(x)
x = self.seq(x)
x = self.drop(nn.gelu(x))
if self.glu:
x = self.out(x) * jax.nn.sigmoid(self.out2(x))
else:
x = self.out(x)
x = skip + self.drop(x)
if not self.prenorm:
x = self.norm(x)
return x
We can then stack a bunch of these blocks on top of each other to produce a stack of SSM layers. This can be used for classification or generation in the standard way as a Transformer.
class Embedding(nn.Embed):
num_embeddings: int
features: int
@nn.compact
def __call__(self, x):
y = nn.Embed(self.num_embeddings, self.features)(x[..., 0])
return np.where(x > 0, y, 0.0)
class StackedModel(nn.Module):
layer_cls: nn.Module
layer: dict # Extra arguments to pass into layer constructor
d_output: int
d_model: int
n_layers: int
prenorm: bool = True
dropout: float = 0.0
embedding: bool = False # Use nn.Embed instead of nn.Dense encoder
classification: bool = False
training: bool = True
decode: bool = False # Probably should be moved into layer_args
def setup(self):
if self.embedding:
self.encoder = Embedding(self.d_output, self.d_model)
else:
self.encoder = nn.Dense(self.d_model)
self.decoder = nn.Dense(self.d_output)
self.layers = [
SequenceBlock(
layer_cls=self.layer_cls,
layer=self.layer,
prenorm=self.prenorm,
d_model=self.d_model,
dropout=self.dropout,
training=self.training,
decode=self.decode,
)
for _ in range(self.n_layers)
]
def __call__(self, x):
if not self.classification:
if not self.embedding:
x = x / 255.0 # Normalize
if not self.decode:
x = np.pad(x[:-1], [(1, 0), (0, 0)])
x = self.encoder(x)
for layer in self.layers:
x = layer(x)
if self.classification:
x = np.mean(x, axis=0)
x = self.decoder(x)
return nn.log_softmax(x, axis=-1)
In Flax we add the batch dimension as a lifted transformation. We need to route through several variable collections which handle RNN and parameter caching (described below).
BatchStackedModel = nn.vmap(
StackedModel,
in_axes=0,
out_axes=0,
variable_axes={"params": None, "dropout": None, "cache": 0, "prime": None},
split_rngs={"params": False, "dropout": True},
)
Overall, this defines a sequence-to-sequence map of shape (batch size, sequence length, hidden dimension), exactly the signature exposed by related sequence models such as Transformers, RNNs, and CNNs.
Full code for training is defined in training.py.
While we now have our main model, there are two core problems with SSMs. First, the randomly initialized SSM actually does not perform very well. Furthermore, computing it naively like we’ve done so far is really slow and memory inefficient. Next, we’ll complete our discussion of the modeling aspect of S4 by defining a special initialization for long-range dependencies, and then figure out how to compute this SSM Layer faster – a lot faster (Part 2)!
Part 1b: Addressing Long-Range Dependencies with HiPPO
Prior work found that the basic SSM actually performs very poorly in practice. Intuitively, one explanation is that they suffer from gradients scaling exponentially in the sequence length (i.e., the vanishing/exploding gradients problem). To address this problem, previous work developed the HiPPO theory of continuous-time memorization.
HiPPO specifies a class of certain matrices
�
∈
�
�
×
�
A∈R
N×N
that when incorporated, allow the state
�
(
�
)
x(t) to memorize the history of the input
�
(
�
)
u(t). The most important matrix in this class is defined by the HiPPO matrix.
(
HiPPO
Matrix
)
�
�
�
=
{
(
2
�
+
1
)
1
/
2
(
2
�
+
1
)
1
/
2
if
�
>
�
�
+
1
if
�
=
�
0
if
�
<
�
(HiPPO Matrix)A
nk
=
⎩
⎨
⎧
(2n+1)
1/2
(2k+1)
1/2
n+1
0
if n>k
if n=k
if n<k
Previous work found that simply modifying an SSM from a random matrix
�
A to HiPPO improved its performance on the sequential MNIST classification benchmark from
60
%
60% to
98
%
98%.
This matrix is going to be really important, but it is a bit of magic. For our purposes we mainly need to know that: 1) we only need to calculate it once, and 2) it has a nice, simple structure (which we will exploit in part 2). Without going into the ODE math, the main takeaway is that this matrix aims to compress the past history into a state that has enough information to approximately reconstruct the history.
def make_HiPPO(N):
P = np.sqrt(1 + 2 * np.arange(N))
A = P[:, np.newaxis] * P[np.newaxis, :]
A = np.tril(A) - np.diag(np.arange(N))
return -A
Diving a bit deeper, the intuitive explanation of this matrix is that it produces a hidden state that memorizes its history. It does this by keeping track of the coefficients of a Legendre polynomial. These coefficients let it approximate all of the previous history. Let us look at an example,
def example_legendre(N=8):
# Random hidden state as coefficients
import numpy as np
import numpy.polynomial.legendre
x = (np.random.rand(N) - 0.5) * 2
t = np.linspace(-1, 1, 100)
f = numpy.polynomial.legendre.Legendre(x)(t)
# Plot
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import seaborn
seaborn.set_context("talk")
fig = plt.figure(figsize=(20, 10))
ax = fig.gca(projection="3d")
ax.plot(
np.linspace(-25, (N - 1) * 100 + 25, 100),
[0] * 100,
zs=-1,
zdir="x",
color="black",
)
ax.plot(t, f, zs=N * 100, zdir="y", c="r")
for i in range(N):
coef = [0] * N
coef[N - i - 1] = 1
ax.set_zlim(-4, 4)
ax.set_yticks([])
ax.set_zticks([])
# Plot basis function.
f = numpy.polynomial.legendre.Legendre(coef)(t)
ax.bar(
[100 * i],
[x[i]],
zs=-1,
zdir="x",
label="x%d" % i,
color="brown",
fill=False,
width=50,
)
ax.plot(t, f, zs=100 * i, zdir="y", c="b", alpha=0.5)
ax.view_init(elev=40.0, azim=-45)
fig.savefig("images/leg.png")
if False:
example_legendre()
The red line represents that curve we are approximating, while the black bars represent the values of our hidden state. Each is a coefficient for one element of the Legendre series shown as blue functions. The intuition is that the HiPPO matrix updates these coefficients each step.
Part 2: Implementing S4
Warning: this section has a lot of math. Roughly it boils down to finding a way to compute the filter from Part 1 for “HiPPO-like” matrices really fast. If you are interested, the details are really neat. If not, skip to Part 3 for some cool applications like MNIST completion.
Skip Button
To set the stage, recall that S4 has two main differences from a basic SSM. The first addresses a modeling challenge - long-range dependencies - by using a special formula for the
�
A matrix defined in the previous part. These special SSMs were considered in predecessor works to S4.
The second main feature of S4 solves the computational challenge of SSMs by introducing a special representation and algorithm to be able to work with this matrix!
The fundamental bottleneck in computing the discrete-time SSM is that it involves repeated matrix multiplication by
�
‾
A
. For example, computing naively involves
�
L successive multiplications by
�
‾
A
, requiring
�
(
�
2
�
)
O(N
2
L) operations and
�
(
�
�
)
O(NL) space.
Specifically, recall this function here:
def K_conv(Ab, Bb, Cb, L):
return np.array(
[(Cb @ matrix_power(Ab, l) @ Bb).reshape() for l in range(L)]
)
The contribution of S4 is a stable method for speeding up this particular operation. To do this we are going to focus on the case where the SSM has special structure: specifically, Diagonal Plus Low-Rank (DPLR) in complex space.
A DPLR SSM is
(
�
−
�
�
∗
,
�
,
�
)
(Λ−PQ
∗
,B,C) for some diagonal
�
Λ and matrices
�
,
�
,
�
,
�
∈
�
�
×
1
P,Q,B,C∈C
N×1
. We assume without loss of generality that the rank is
1
1, i.e. these matrices are vectors.
Under this DPLR assumption, S4 overcomes the speed bottleneck in three steps
Instead of computing
�
‾
K
directly, we compute its spectrum by evaluating its truncated generating function . This now involves a matrix inverse instead of power.
We show that the diagonal matrix case is equivalent to the computation of a Cauchy kernel
1
�
�
−
�
�
ω
j
−ζ
k
1
.
We show the low-rank term can now be corrected by applying the Woodbury identity which reduces
(
�
+
�
�
∗
)
−
1
(Λ+PQ
∗
)
−1
in terms of
�
−
1
Λ
−1
, truly reducing to the diagonal case.
Step 1. SSM Generating Functions
The main step will be switching from computing the sequence to computing its generating function. From the paper’s appendix:
To address the problem of computing powers of
�
‾
A
, we introduce another technique. Instead of computing the SSM convolution filter
�
‾
K
directly, we introduce a generating function on its coefficients and compute evaluations of it.
The truncated SSM generating function at node
�
z with truncation
�
L is
�
^
�
(
�
;
�
‾
,
�
‾
,
�
‾
)
∈
�
:
=
∑
�
=
0
�
−
1
�
‾
�
‾
�
�
‾
�
�
K
^
L
(z;
A
,
B
,
C
)∈C:=
i=0
∑
L−1
C
A
i
B
z
i
def K_gen_simple(Ab, Bb, Cb, L):
K = K_conv(Ab, Bb, Cb, L)
def gen(z):
return np.sum(K * (z ** np.arange(L)))
return gen
The generating function essentially converts the SSM convolution filter from the time domain to frequency domain. This transformation is also called z-transform (up to a minus sign) in control engineering literature. Importantly, it preserves the same information, and the desired SSM convolution filter can be recovered. Once the z-transform of a discrete sequence known, we can obtain the filter’s discrete fourier transform from evaluations of its z-transform at the roots of unity
Ω
=
{
exp
(
2
�
�
�
:
�
∈
[
�
]
}
Ω={exp(2π
L
k
:k∈[L]}. Then, we can apply inverse fourier transformation, stably in
�
(
�
log
�
)
O(LlogL) operations by applying an FFT, to recover the filter.
def conv_from_gen(gen, L):
# Evaluate at roots of unity
# Generating function is (-)z-transform, so we evaluate at (-)root
Omega_L = np.exp((-2j * np.pi) * (np.arange(L) / L))
atRoots = jax.vmap(gen)(Omega_L)
# Inverse FFT
out = np.fft.ifft(atRoots, L).reshape(L)
return out.real
More importantly, in the generating function we can replace the matrix power with an inverse!
�
^
�
(
�
)
=
∑
�
=
0
�
−
1
�
‾
�
‾
�
�
‾
�
�
=
�
‾
(
�
−
�
‾
�
�
�
)
(
�
−
�
‾
�
)
−
1
�
‾
=
�
~
(
�
−
�
‾
�
)
−
1
�
‾
K
^
L
(z)=
i=0
∑
L−1
C
A
i
B
z
i
=
C
(I−
A
L
z
L
)(I−
A
z)
−1
B
=
C
(I−
A
z)
−1
B
And for all
�
∈
Ω
�
z∈Ω
L
, we have
�
�
=
1
z
L
=1 so that term is removed. We then pull this constant term into a new
�
~
C
. Critically, this function does not call K_conv,
def K_gen_inverse(Ab, Bb, Cb, L):
I = np.eye(Ab.shape[0])
Ab_L = matrix_power(Ab, L)
Ct = Cb @ (I - Ab_L)
return lambda z: (Ct.conj() @ inv(I - Ab * z) @ Bb).reshape()
But it does output the same values,
def test_gen_inverse(L=16, N=4):
ssm = random_SSM(rng, N)
ssm = discretize(*ssm, 1.0 / L)
b = K_conv(*ssm, L=L)
a = conv_from_gen(K_gen_inverse(*ssm, L=L), L)
assert np.allclose(a, b)
In summary, Step 1 allows us to replace the matrix power with an inverse by utilizing a truncated generating function. However this inverse still needs to be calculated
�
L times (for each of the roots of unity).
Step 2: Diagonal Case
The next step to assume special structure on the matrix
�
A to compute the inverse faster than the naive inversion. To begin, let us first convert the equation above to use the original SSM matrices. With some algebra you can expand the discretization and show:
�
~
(
�
−
�
‾
)
−
1
�
‾
=
2
Δ
1
+
�
�
~
[
2
1
−
�
1
+
�
−
Δ
�
]
−
1
�
C
(I−
A
)
−1
B
=
1+z
2Δ
C
[2
1+z
1−z
−ΔA]
−1
B
Now imagine
�
=
�
A=Λ for a diagonal
�
Λ. Substituting in the discretization formula the authors show that the generating function can be written in the following manner:
�
^
�
(
�
)
=
�
(
�
)
∑
�
⋅
�
~
�
�
�
(
�
(
�
)
−
�
�
)
=
�
(
�
)
⋅
�
�
,
�
(
�
~
,
�
)
K
^
Λ
(z)
=c(z)
i
∑
⋅
(g(z)−Λ
i
)
C
i
B
i
=c(z)⋅k
z,Λ
(
C
,B)
where
�
c is a constant, and
�
g is a function of
�
z.
We have effectively replaced an inverse with a weighted dot product. Let’s make a small helper function to compute this weight dot product for use.
def cauchy_dot(v, omega, lambd):
return (v / (omega - lambd)).sum()
While not important for our implementation, it is worth noting that this is a Cauchy kernel and is the subject of many other fast implementations.
Step 3: Diagonal Plus Low-Rank
The final step is to relax the diagonal assumption. In addition to the diagonal term we allow a low-rank component with
�
,
�
∈
�
�
×
1
P,Q∈C
N×1
such that:
�
=
�
−
�
�
∗
A=Λ−PQ
∗
The Woodbury identity tells us that the inverse of a diagonal plus rank-1 term is equal to the inverse of the diagonal plus a rank-1 term. We write it out here adding the low-rank term.
(
�
+
�
�
∗
)
−
1
=
�
−
1
−
�
−
1
�
(
1
+
�
∗
�
−
1
�
)
−
1
�
∗
�
−
1
(Λ+PQ
∗
)
−1
=Λ
−1
−Λ
−1
P(1+Q
∗
Λ
−1
P)
−1
Q
∗
Λ
−1
There is a bunch of algebra in the appendix. It mostly consists of substituting this component in for A, applying the Woodbury identity and distributing terms. We end up with 4 terms that all look like Step 2 above:
�
^
�
�
�
�
(
�
)
=
�
(
�
)
[
�
�
,
Λ
(
�
~
,
�
)
−
�
�
,
Λ
(
�
~
,
�
)
(
1
+
�
�
,
Λ
(
�
∗
,
�
)
)
−
1
�
�
,
Λ
(
�
∗
,
�
)
]
K
^
DPLR
(z)
=c(z)[k
z,Λ
(
C
,B)−k
z,Λ
(
C
,P)(1+k
z,Λ
(q
∗
,P))
−1
k
z,Λ
(q
∗
,B)]
The code consists of collecting up the terms and applying 4 weighted dot products,
def K_gen_DPLR(Lambda, P, Q, B, C, step, unmat=False):
aterm = (C.conj(), Q.conj())
bterm = (B, P)
def gen(o):
g = (2.0 / step) * ((1.0 - o) / (1.0 + o))
c = 2.0 / (1.0 + o)
def k(a):
# Checkpoint this calculation for memory efficiency.
if unmat:
return jax.remat(cauchy_dot)(a, g, Lambda)
else:
return cauchy_dot(a, g, Lambda)
k00 = k(aterm[0] * bterm[0])
k01 = k(aterm[0] * bterm[1])
k10 = k(aterm[1] * bterm[0])
k11 = k(aterm[1] * bterm[1])
return c * (k00 - k01 * (1.0 / (1.0 + k11)) * k10)
return gen
This is our final version of the
�
K function. Because conv_from_gen is always called together with a generating function (e.g. K_gen_DPLR), we’ll fuse them into define a dedicated function to compute the DPLR SSM kernel from all of its parameters. (With fewer layers of indirection, this could also make it easier for XLA compiler to optimize.)
@jax.jit
def cauchy(v, omega, lambd):
"""Cauchy matrix multiplication: (n), (l), (n) -> (l)"""
cauchy_dot = lambda _omega: (v / (_omega - lambd)).sum()
return jax.vmap(cauchy_dot)(omega)
def kernel_DPLR(Lambda, P, Q, B, C, step, L):
# Evaluate at roots of unity
# Generating function is (-)z-transform, so we evaluate at (-)root
Omega_L = np.exp((-2j * np.pi) * (np.arange(L) / L))
aterm = (C.conj(), Q.conj())
bterm = (B, P)
g = (2.0 / step) * ((1.0 - Omega_L) / (1.0 + Omega_L))
c = 2.0 / (1.0 + Omega_L)
# Reduction to core Cauchy kernel
k00 = cauchy(aterm[0] * bterm[0], g, Lambda)
k01 = cauchy(aterm[0] * bterm[1], g, Lambda)
k10 = cauchy(aterm[1] * bterm[0], g, Lambda)
k11 = cauchy(aterm[1] * bterm[1], g, Lambda)
atRoots = c * (k00 - k01 * (1.0 / (1.0 + k11)) * k10)
out = np.fft.ifft(atRoots, L).reshape(L)
return out.real
Now we can check whether it worked. First, let’s generate a random Diagonal Plus Low Rank (DPLR) matrix,
def random_DPLR(rng, N):
l_r, p_r, q_r, b_r, c_r = jax.random.split(rng, 5)
Lambda = jax.random.uniform(l_r, (N,))
P = jax.random.uniform(p_r, (N,))
Q = jax.random.uniform(q_r, (N,))
B = jax.random.uniform(b_r, (N, 1))
C = jax.random.uniform(c_r, (1, N))
return Lambda, P, Q, B, C
We can check that the DPLR method yields the same filter as computing
�
A directly,
def test_gen_dplr(L=16, N=4):
I = np.eye(4)
# Create a DPLR A matrix and discretize
Lambda, P, B, _ = make_DPLR_HiPPO(N)
A = np.diag(Lambda) - P[:, np.newaxis] @ P[:, np.newaxis].conj().T
_, _, C = random_SSM(rng, N)
Ab, Bb, Cb = discretize(A, B, C, 1.0 / L)
a = K_conv(Ab, Bb, Cb.conj(), L=L)
# Compare to the DPLR generating function approach.
C = (I - matrix_power(Ab, L)).conj().T @ Cb.ravel()
b = kernel_DPLR(Lambda, P, P, B, C, step=1.0 / L, L=L)
assert np.allclose(a.real, b.real)
Diagonal Plus Low-Rank RNN.
A secondary benefit of the DPLR factorization is that it allows us to compute the discretized form of the SSM without having to invert the
�
A matrix directly. Here we return to the paper for the derivation.
Recall that discretization computes,
�
‾
=
(
�
−
Δ
/
2
⋅
�
)
−
1
(
�
+
Δ
/
2
⋅
�
)
�
‾
=
(
�
−
Δ
/
2
⋅
�
)
−
1
Δ
�
.
A
B
=(I−Δ/2⋅A)
−1
(I+Δ/2⋅A)
=(I−Δ/2⋅A)
−1
ΔB.
We simplify both terms in the definition of
�
‾
A
independently. The first term is:
�
+
Δ
2
�
=
�
+
Δ
2
(
�
−
�
�
∗
)
=
Δ
2
[
2
Δ
�
+
(
�
−
�
�
∗
)
]
=
Δ
2
�
0
I+
2
Δ
A
=I+
2
Δ
(Λ−PQ
∗
)
=
2
Δ
[
Δ
2
I+(Λ−PQ
∗
)]
=
2
Δ
A
0
where
�
0
A
0
is defined as the term in the final brackets.
The second term is known as the Backward Euler’s method. Although this inverse term is normally difficult to deal with, in the DPLR case we can simplify it using Woodbury’s Identity as described above.
(
�
−
Δ
2
�
)
−
1
=
(
�
−
Δ
2
(
�
−
�
�
∗
)
)
−
1
=
2
Δ
[
2
Δ
−
�
+
�
�
∗
]
−
1
=
2
Δ
[
�
−
�
�
(
1
+
�
∗
�
�
)
−
1
�
∗
�
]
=
2
Δ
�
1
(I−
2
Δ
A)
−1
=(I−
2
Δ
(Λ−PQ
∗
))
−1
=
Δ
2
[
Δ
2
−Λ+PQ
∗
]
−1
=
Δ
2
[D−DP(1+Q
∗
DP)
−1
Q
∗
D]
=
Δ
2
A
1
where
�
=
(
2
Δ
−
�
)
−
1
D=(
Δ
2
−Λ)
−1
and
�
1
A
1
is defined as the term in the final brackets.
The discrete-time SSM becomes
�
�
=
�
‾
�
�
−
1
+
�
‾
�
�
=
�
1
�
0
�
�
−
1
+
2
�
1
�
�
�
�
�
=
�
�
�
.
x
k
y
k
=
A
x
k−1
+
B
u
k
=A
1
A
0
x
k−1
+2A
1
Bu
k
=Cx
k
.
def discrete_DPLR(Lambda, P, Q, B, C, step, L):
# Convert parameters to matrices
B = B[:, np.newaxis]
Ct = C[np.newaxis, :]
N = Lambda.shape[0]
A = np.diag(Lambda) - P[:, np.newaxis] @ Q[:, np.newaxis].conj().T
I = np.eye(N)
# Forward Euler
A0 = (2.0 / step) * I + A
# Backward Euler
D = np.diag(1.0 / ((2.0 / step) - Lambda))
Qc = Q.conj().T.reshape(1, -1)
P2 = P.reshape(-1, 1)
A1 = D - (D @ P2 * (1.0 / (1 + (Qc @ D @ P2))) * Qc @ D)
# A bar and B bar
Ab = A1 @ A0
Bb = 2 * A1 @ B
# Recover Cbar from Ct
Cb = Ct @ inv(I - matrix_power(Ab, L)).conj()
return Ab, Bb, Cb.conj()
Turning HiPPO to DPLR
This approach applies to DPLR matrices, but remember we would like it to also apply to the HiPPO matrix. While not DPLR in its current form, the HiPPO matrix does have special structure. It is Normal Plus Low-Rank (NPLR). Because normal matrices are exactly the class of matrices that are unitarily diagonalizable, NPLR matrices are essentially equivalent to DPLR matrices from the perspective of SSM models. this is just as good as DPLR for the purposes of learning an SSM network.
The S4 techniques can apply to any matrix
�
A that can be decomposed as Normal Plus Low-Rank (NPLR).
�
=
�
�
�
∗
−
�
�
⊤
=
�
(
�
−
�
∗
�
(
�
∗
�
)
∗
)
�
∗
A=VΛV
∗
−PQ
⊤
=V(Λ−V
∗
P(V
∗
Q)
∗
)V
∗
for unitary
�
∈
�
�
×
�
V∈C
N×N
, diagonal
�
Λ, and low-rank factorization
�
,
�
∈
�
�
×
�
P,Q∈R
N×r
. An NPLR SSM is therefore unitarily equivalent to some DPLR matrix.
For S4, we need to work with a HiPPO matrix for
�
A. This requires first writing it as a normal plus low-rank term, and then diagonalizing to extract
�
Λ from this decomposition. The appendix of the paper shows how by writing the normal part as a skew-symmetric (plus a constant times the identity matrix), which are a special class of normal matrices.
An additional simplification is that there is actually a representation that ties the low-rank components terms
�
=
�
P=Q, which was shown in follow-up work to be important for stability.
def make_NPLR_HiPPO(N):
# Make -HiPPO
nhippo = make_HiPPO(N)
# Add in a rank 1 term. Makes it Normal.
P = np.sqrt(np.arange(N) + 0.5)
# HiPPO also specifies the B matrix
B = np.sqrt(2 * np.arange(N) + 1.0)
return nhippo, P, B
After extracting the normal part, we can diagonalize to get out the DPLR terms. Because the normal part is actually skew-symmetric, we can extract the real and complex parts of
�
Λ separately. This serves two purposes. First, this gives us finer-grained control over the real and imaginary parts, which can be used to improve stability. Second, this lets us use more powerful diagonalization algorithms for Hermitian matrices - in fact, the current version of JAX does not support GPU diagonalization for non-Hermitian matrices!
def make_DPLR_HiPPO(N):
"""Diagonalize NPLR representation"""
A, P, B = make_NPLR_HiPPO(N)
S = A + P[:, np.newaxis] * P[np.newaxis, :]
# Check skew symmetry
S_diag = np.diagonal(S)
Lambda_real = np.mean(S_diag) * np.ones_like(S_diag)
# assert np.allclose(Lambda_real, S_diag, atol=1e-3)
# Diagonalize S to V \Lambda V^*
Lambda_imag, V = eigh(S * -1j)
P = V.conj().T @ P
B = V.conj().T @ B
return Lambda_real + 1j * Lambda_imag, P, B, V
Sanity check just to make sure those identities hold,
def test_nplr(N=8):
A2, P, B = make_NPLR_HiPPO(N)
Lambda, Pc, Bc, V = make_DPLR_HiPPO(N)
Vc = V.conj().T
P = P[:, np.newaxis]
Pc = Pc[:, np.newaxis]
Lambda = np.diag(Lambda)
A3 = V @ Lambda @ Vc - (P @ P.T) # Test NPLR
A4 = V @ (Lambda - Pc @ Pc.conj().T) @ Vc # Test DPLR
assert np.allclose(A2, A3, atol=1e-4, rtol=1e-4)
assert np.allclose(A2, A4, atol=1e-4, rtol=1e-4)
Final Check
This tests that everything works as planned.
def test_conversion(N=8, L=16):
step = 1.0 / L
# Compute a HiPPO NPLR matrix.
Lambda, P, B, _ = make_DPLR_HiPPO(N)
# Random complex Ct
C = normal(dtype=np.complex64)(rng, (N,))
# CNN form.
K = kernel_DPLR(Lambda, P, P, B, C, step, L)
# RNN form.
Ab, Bb, Cb = discrete_DPLR(Lambda, P, P, B, C, step, L)
K2 = K_conv(Ab, Bb, Cb, L=L)
assert np.allclose(K.real, K2.real, atol=1e-5, rtol=1e-5)
# Apply CNN
u = np.arange(L) * 1.0
y1 = causal_convolution(u, K.real)
# Apply RNN
_, y2 = scan_SSM(
Ab, Bb, Cb, u[:, np.newaxis], np.zeros((N,)).astype(np.complex64)
)
assert np.allclose(y1, y2.reshape(-1).real, atol=1e-4, rtol=1e-4)
Part 3: S4 in Practice
That was a lot of work, but now the actual model is concise. In fact we are only using four functions:
K_gen_DPLR → Truncated generating function when
�
A is DPLR (S4-part)
conv_from_gen → Convert generating function to filter
causal_convolution → Run convolution
discretize_DPLR → Convert SSM to discrete form for RNN.
S4 CNN / RNN Layer
A full S4 Layer is very similar to the simple SSM layer above. The only difference is in the the computation of
�
K. Additionally instead of learning
�
C, we learn
�
~
C
so we avoid computing powers of
�
A. Note as well that in the original paper
�
,
�
,
�
Λ,P,Q are also learned. However, in this post, we leave them fixed for simplicity.
class S4Layer(nn.Module):
N: int
l_max: int
decode: bool = False
# Special parameters with multiplicative factor on lr and no weight decay (handled by main train script)
lr = {
"Lambda_re": 0.1,
"Lambda_im": 0.1,
"P": 0.1,
"B": 0.1,
"log_step": 0.1,
}
def setup(self):
# Learned Parameters (C is complex!)
init_A_re, init_A_im, init_P, init_B = hippo_initializer(self.N)
self.Lambda_re = self.param("Lambda_re", init_A_re, (self.N,))
self.Lambda_im = self.param("Lambda_im", init_A_im, (self.N,))
# Ensure the real part of Lambda is negative
# (described in the SaShiMi follow-up to S4)
self.Lambda = np.clip(self.Lambda_re, None, -1e-4) + 1j * self.Lambda_im
self.P = self.param("P", init_P, (self.N,))
self.B = self.param("B", init_B, (self.N,))
# C should be init as standard normal
# This doesn't work due to how JAX handles complex optimizers https://github.com/deepmind/optax/issues/196
# self.C = self.param("C", normal(stddev=1.0, dtype=np.complex64), (self.N,))
self.C = self.param("C", normal(stddev=0.5**0.5), (self.N, 2))
self.C = self.C[..., 0] + 1j * self.C[..., 1]
self.D = self.param("D", nn.initializers.ones, (1,))
self.step = np.exp(self.param("log_step", log_step_initializer(), (1,)))
if not self.decode:
# CNN mode, compute kernel.
self.K = kernel_DPLR(
self.Lambda,
self.P,
self.P,
self.B,
self.C,
self.step,
self.l_max,
)
else:
# RNN mode, discretize
# Flax trick to cache discrete form during decoding.
def init_discrete():
return discrete_DPLR(
self.Lambda,
self.P,
self.P,
self.B,
self.C,
self.step,
self.l_max,
)
ssm_var = self.variable("prime", "ssm", init_discrete)
if self.is_mutable_collection("prime"):
ssm_var.value = init_discrete()
self.ssm = ssm_var.value
# RNN Cache
self.x_k_1 = self.variable(
"cache", "cache_x_k", np.zeros, (self.N,), np.complex64
)
def __call__(self, u):
# This is identical to SSM Layer
if not self.decode:
# CNN Mode
return causal_convolution(u, self.K) + self.D * u
else:
# RNN Mode
x_k, y_s = scan_SSM(*self.ssm, u[:, np.newaxis], self.x_k_1.value)
if self.is_mutable_collection("cache"):
self.x_k_1.value = x_k
return y_s.reshape(-1).real + self.D * u
S4Layer = cloneLayer(S4Layer)
We initialize the model by computing a HiPPO DPLR initializer
# Factory for constant initializer in Flax
def init(x):
def _init(key, shape):
assert shape == x.shape
return x
return _init
def hippo_initializer(N):
Lambda, P, B, _ = make_DPLR_HiPPO(N)
return init(Lambda.real), init(Lambda.imag), init(P), init(B)
Sampling and Caching
We can sample from the model using the RNN implementation. Here is what the sampling code looks like. Note that we keep a running cache to remember the RNN state.
def sample(model, params, prime, cache, x, start, end, rng):
def loop(i, cur):
x, rng, cache = cur
r, rng = jax.random.split(rng)
out, vars = model.apply(
{"params": params, "prime": prime, "cache": cache},
x[:, np.arange(1, 2) * i],
mutable=["cache"],
)
def update(x, out):
p = jax.random.categorical(r, out[0])
x = x.at[i + 1, 0].set(p)
return x
x = jax.vmap(update)(x, out)
return x, rng, vars["cache"].unfreeze()
return jax.lax.fori_loop(start, end, jax.jit(loop), (x, rng, cache))[0]
To get this in a good form, we first precompute the discretized version of the the RNN for each S4 layers. We do this through the “prime” collection of variables.
def init_recurrence(model, params, init_x, rng):
variables = model.init(rng, init_x)
vars = {
"params": params,
"cache": variables["cache"].unfreeze(),
"prime": variables["prime"].unfreeze(),
}
print("[*] Priming")
_, prime_vars = model.apply(vars, init_x, mutable=["prime"])
return vars["params"], prime_vars["prime"], vars["cache"]
Putting this altogether we can sample from a model directly.
def sample_checkpoint(path, model, length, rng):
from flax.training import checkpoints
start = np.zeros((1, length, 1), dtype=int)
print("[*] Initializing from checkpoint %s" % path)
state = checkpoints.restore_checkpoint(path, None)
assert "params" in state
params, prime, cache = init_recurrence(model, state["params"], start, rng)
print("[*] Sampling output")
return sample(model, params, prime, cache, start, 0, length - 1, rng)
Experiments: MNIST
Now that we have the model, we can try it out on some MNIST experiments. For these experiments we linearize MNIST and just treat each image as a sequence of pixels.
The first experiments we ran were on MNIST classification. While not in theory a hard problem, treating MNIST as a linear sequence classification task is a bit strange. However in practice, the model with
�
=
256
H=256 and four layers seems to get up near 99% right away.
A more visually interesting task is generating MNIST digits, by predicting entire sequences of pixels! Here, we simply feed in a sequence of pixels into the model and have it predict the next one like language modeling. With a little tweaking, we are able to get the model to an NLL of 0.36 on this task with size 512 and 6 layers (~4m parameters).
The metric usually used for this task is bits per dimension which is NLL in base 2 for MNIST. A loss of 0.36 is ~0.52 BPD which is SOTA according to PapersWithCode.
We can also do prefix-samples – given the first 300 pixels, try to complete the image. S4 is on the left, true on the right.
def sample_image_prefix(
params,
model,
# length,
rng,
dataloader,
prefix=300,
# bsz=32,
imshape=(28, 28),
n_batches=None,
save=True,
):
"""Sample a grayscale image represented as intensities in [0, 255]"""
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as onp
# from .data import Datasets
# BATCH = bsz
# start = np.zeros((BATCH, length), dtype=int)
# start = np.zeros((BATCH, length, 1), dtype=int)
start = np.array(next(iter(dataloader))[0].numpy())
start = np.zeros_like(start)
# params, prime, cache = init_recurrence(model, params, start[:, :-1], rng)
params, prime, cache = init_recurrence(model, params, start, rng)
BATCH = start.shape[0]
START = prefix
LENGTH = start.shape[1]
assert LENGTH == onp.prod(imshape)
# _, dataloader, _, _, _ = Datasets["mnist"](bsz=BATCH)
it = iter(dataloader)
for j, im in enumerate(it):
if n_batches is not None and j >= n_batches:
break
image = im[0].numpy()
image = np.pad(
image[:, :-1, :], [(0, 0), (1, 0), (0, 0)], constant_values=0
)
cur = onp.array(image)
# cur[:, START + 1 :, 0] = 0
# cur = np.pad(cur[:, :-1, 0], [(0, 0), (1, 0)], constant_values=256)
cur = np.array(cur[:, :])
# Cache the first `start` inputs.
out, vars = model.apply(
{"params": params, "prime": prime, "cache": cache},
cur[:, np.arange(0, START)],
mutable=["cache"],
)
cache = vars["cache"].unfreeze()
out = sample(model, params, prime, cache, cur, START, LENGTH - 1, rng)
# Visualization
out = out.reshape(BATCH, *imshape)
final = onp.zeros((BATCH, *imshape, 3))
final2 = onp.zeros((BATCH, *imshape, 3))
final[:, :, :, 0] = out
f = final.reshape(BATCH, LENGTH, 3)
i = image.reshape(BATCH, LENGTH)
f[:, :START, 1] = i[:, :START]
f[:, :START, 2] = i[:, :START]
f = final2.reshape(BATCH, LENGTH, 3)
f[:, :, 1] = i
f[:, :START, 0] = i[:, :START]
f[:, :START, 2] = i[:, :START]
if save:
for k in range(BATCH):
fig, (ax1, ax2) = plt.subplots(ncols=2)
ax1.set_title("Sampled")
ax1.imshow(final[k] / 256.0)
ax2.set_title("True")
ax1.axis("off")
ax2.axis("off")
ax2.imshow(final2[k] / 256.0)
fig.savefig("im%d.%d.png" % (j, k))
plt.close()
print(f"Sampled batch {j} image {k}")
return final, final2
Experiments: QuickDraw
Next we tried training a model to generate drawings. For this we used the QuickDraw dataset. The dataset includes a version of the dataset downsampled to MNIST size so we can use roughly the same model as above. The dataset is much larger though (5M images) and more complex. We only trained for 1 epoch with a
�
=
256
H=256, 4 layer model. Still, the approach was able to generate relatively coherent completions. These are prefix samples with 500 pixels given.
Experiments: Spoken Digits
Finally we played with modeling sound waves directly. For these, we use the Free Spoken Digits Datasets an MNIST like dataset of various speakers reading off digits. We first trained a classification model and found that the approach was able to reach
97
%
97% accuracy just from the raw soundwave. Next we trained a generation model to produce the sound wave directly. With
�
=
512
H=512 the model seems to pick up the data relatively well. This dataset only has around 3000 examples, but the model can produce reasonably good (cherry-picked) continuations. Note these sequences are 6400 steps long at an 8kHz sampling rate, discretized to 256 classes with Mu Law Encoding.
Our full code base contains more examples and infrastructure for training models for generations and classification.
Conclusion
Putting together this post inspired lots of thoughts about future work in this area. One obvious conclusion is that long-range models have all sorts of future applications from acoustic modeling to genomic sequences to trajectories (not to mention our shared area of NLP). Another is some surprise that linear models can be so effective here, while also opening up a range of efficient techniques. Finally from a practical level, the transformations in JAX make it really nice to implement complex models like this in a very concise way (~200 LoC), with similar efficiency and performance!
We end by thanking the authors Albert Gu and Karan Goel, who were super helpful in putting this together, and pointing you again to their paper and codebase. Thanks to <PRESIDIO_ANONYMIZED_PERSON>, Ekin Akyürek, Qinsheng Zhang, Nathan Yan, and Junxiong Wang for contributions. We’re also grateful for Conner Vercellino and Laurel Orr for providing helpful feedback on this post.
/ Cheers – Sasha & Sidd
Changelog
v3
Major editing pass from Albert.
Fix bug in HiPPO calculation.
Added training of all S4 parameters.
Fix learning rate / initialization issues.
v2
Added RNN decoding
Added Speech examples
v1 - Original version
|
87fe5cde3fcc2d30f2bced1f0e54836b
|
{
"intermediate": 0.3911721408367157,
"beginner": 0.3136375844478607,
"expert": 0.2951902747154236
}
|
34,949
|
For this SPARK Ada piece of code:
|
5bcfa74b47875f66ad5f12877aabe5ff
|
{
"intermediate": 0.3108401894569397,
"beginner": 0.3578680455684662,
"expert": 0.33129173517227173
}
|
34,950
|
hi
|
ed1fc7e5b7adb6eec140ff87d3bb7d89
|
{
"intermediate": 0.3246487081050873,
"beginner": 0.27135494351387024,
"expert": 0.40399640798568726
}
|
34,951
|
Hey can you please create a method in c# that can remove all numbers of one particular parity (odd or even numbers) from an array. I.e. "RemoveParityNumbers(string parity)". That parity string can be “odd” or “even”. Make it without suing ling class
|
d4681fee736496f9d748f1c05e048e51
|
{
"intermediate": 0.6555959582328796,
"beginner": 0.15946125984191895,
"expert": 0.184942826628685
}
|
34,952
|
Hey can you please create a method in c# that can remove all numbers of one particular parity (odd or even numbers) from an array. I.e. “RemoveParityNumbers(string parity)”. That parity string can be “odd” or “even”. Make it without suing ling class
|
56f288cf0dc79bf7891ece3b7c023d78
|
{
"intermediate": 0.6420834064483643,
"beginner": 0.16858550906181335,
"expert": 0.1893310844898224
}
|
34,953
|
i have a proxy that set on a port on 127.0.0.1 on my linux laptop, how redirect it to my local ip address, so all other devices in my lan can access that by my local ip address?
|
daf94c613776b9cacf13ee0b46cc16dd
|
{
"intermediate": 0.4411076307296753,
"beginner": 0.28545135259628296,
"expert": 0.27344101667404175
}
|
34,954
|
Here is a story. Write a script based on this story, but with a female hypnotist instead. Change some of it to keep it fresh.
|
2be150ebd1b849fd3e29cd8992672901
|
{
"intermediate": 0.3418903052806854,
"beginner": 0.3319343626499176,
"expert": 0.3261753022670746
}
|
34,955
|
can you please optimise the code in c # below without using linq or any other classes, only by using iterartions
using System;
public class ParityRemover
{
// Main method to test the RemoveParityNumbers method
static void Main(string[] args)
{
int[] numbers = new[] { 6, 12, 7, 31, 7, 2, 0, 8, 9 };
int newLength = RemoveParityNumbers(ref numbers, "odd");
Console.WriteLine("Array after removing odd numbers:");
for (int i = 0; i < newLength; i++)
{
Console.WriteLine(numbers[i]);
}
}
// Method to remove all numbers of one particular parity from an array
public static int RemoveParityNumbers(ref int[] array, string parity)
{
if (parity != "odd" && parity != "even")
{
throw new ArgumentException("The parity argument must be either 'odd' or 'even'.");
}
bool isEvenParity = parity == "even";
int writeIndex = 0;
for (int readIndex = 0; readIndex < array.Length; readIndex++)
{
if (isEvenParity && array[readIndex] % 2 != 0 || !isEvenParity && array[readIndex] % 2 == 0)
{
array[writeIndex] = array[readIndex];
writeIndex++;
}
}
// Return the new length of the array
return writeIndex;
}
}
|
8f66a0fb1fc6475535c9ec87a590452e
|
{
"intermediate": 0.3493039906024933,
"beginner": 0.2843780219554901,
"expert": 0.366318017244339
}
|
34,956
|
Can you generate a qmsh script that creates a rook piece from the game of chess?
https://www.qmsh.org/documents/qmsh_summary_poster.pdf
|
2b38d86ef4c394d9d3d2b090e419a0bd
|
{
"intermediate": 0.25657030940055847,
"beginner": 0.3293742537498474,
"expert": 0.4140554368495941
}
|
34,957
|
I'm going to show you a part of my Unity script.
Tell me every possible code optimization that you see.
<script>
public void Grow(float feed)
{
if (feed <= 1e-7 || feed != feed)
{
//Debug.LogWarning(feed + " feed given");
return;
}
cumulativeFeedAmount += feed;
float volume = _length * _diameter * _diameter;
if (_tip)
{
float requiredFoodToSplit = _splitVolume - volume;
if (feed >= requiredFoodToSplit) // If food amount is enough to split
{
Length = _finalSplitSize;
Diameter = _finalSplitSize / _lengthOverDiameterRatio;
Split(); // No more a tip branc
feed -= requiredFoodToSplit;
}
else
{
Diameter = Mathf.Pow((feed + volume) / _lengthOverDiameterRatio, 1 / 3.0f);
Length = _lengthOverDiameterRatio * _diameter;
UpdateLeaves();
return;
}
}
Debug.Assert(!_tip); // Should not be a tip here
float childrenArea = 0;
foreach (Branch child in _children)
{
childrenArea += child._diameter * child._diameter;
}
float area = _diameter * _diameter;
volume = _length * area;
float maxGrowth = _maxBranchVolume - volume;
float ratioVolumeFeed = volume / (volume + feed);
float ratioAreaChildArea = area / (area + childrenArea);
float keepFoodRatio = ratioVolumeFeed * (1 - ratioAreaChildArea);
keepFoodRatio = Math.Max(keepFoodRatio, 0.25f);
float keepFood = feed * keepFoodRatio;
float childrenFood = feed - keepFood;
feed = keepFood;
if (feed > maxGrowth)
{
float excedentFood = feed - maxGrowth;
// feed -= excedentFood;
Diameter = _finalDiameter; // No growth in length when not a tip
childrenFood += excedentFood;
}
else
{
Diameter = Mathf.Sqrt((volume + feed) / Length); // No growth in length when not a tip
}
UpdateLeaves();
for (int i = 0; i < _children.Length; i++)
{
_children[i].Grow(childrenFood * _shareRatios[i]);
}
}
</script>
|
679a5ffdde1a5e34036c9ebb1be55d5f
|
{
"intermediate": 0.357423335313797,
"beginner": 0.3208220303058624,
"expert": 0.3217545747756958
}
|
34,958
|
hi
|
1733df560f07c3c857b5ec1b8f83c046
|
{
"intermediate": 0.3246487081050873,
"beginner": 0.27135494351387024,
"expert": 0.40399640798568726
}
|
34,959
|
i need to play h265 channel in react player but playing as a audio ?
|
30dbb0d1ce1d88a335ab14d9ab7bedac
|
{
"intermediate": 0.4582858383655548,
"beginner": 0.21418620645999908,
"expert": 0.3275279402732849
}
|
34,960
|
make a football game
|
2a8ead0a61db7d04862b0d43eb35b1e4
|
{
"intermediate": 0.31819891929626465,
"beginner": 0.4474743902683258,
"expert": 0.23432666063308716
}
|
34,961
|
Can you help me port a linux appto windows, this app was written in Python
|
ff1eb402644d901faea01bf0cc03cd2d
|
{
"intermediate": 0.5928176641464233,
"beginner": 0.18930335342884064,
"expert": 0.21787893772125244
}
|
34,962
|
You were working through explaining my code to me when the connection was interrupted, please carry on from where you were : It appears that you intended to include a piece of SPARK Ada code, but the code itself is missing from your message. If you provide the code, I can help you understand, analyze, or answer questions about it.
SPARK is a subset of the Ada programming language, designed for developing high-integrity software. It includes annotations for formal verification, which allows mathematical proofs to be used to ensure the absence of certain types of errors in the code.
Please include the SPARK Ada code you would like to discuss, and feel free to ask any specific questions you might have about it.
pragma SPARK_Mode (On);
with AS_IO_Wrapper, addnums;
use AS_IO_Wrapper, addnums;
procedure Main is
--hunds1, tens1, digits1, hunds2, tens2, digits2 : Integer;
i1 : DisplayedNumber;
i2 : DisplayedNumber;
o : DisplayedNumber;
result : DisplayedNumber;
User_Input : String(1 … 20);
Last : Integer;
begin
AS_Init_Standard_Output;
AS_Init_Standard_Input;
loop
– user input for the six digits
loop
AS_Put("Enter digit 1: ");
--hundreds column in input 1
AS_Get(Integer(i1.digit1),“Please type in an integer; please try again”);
exit when Integer(i1.digit1) in 0 … 9;
AS_Put_Line(“Please Enter a number between 0 and 9”);
end loop;
loop
AS_Put("Enter digit 2: ");
--tens column in input 1
AS_Get(Integer(i1.digit2),“Please type in an integer; please try again”);
exit when Integer(i1.digit2) in 0 … 9;
AS_Put_Line(“Please Enter a number between 0 and 9”);
end loop;
loop
AS_Put("Enter digit 3: ");
--digits column in input 1
AS_Get(Integer(i1.digit3),“Please type in an integer; please try again”);
exit when Integer(i1.digit3) in 0 … 9;
AS_Put_Line(“Please Enter a number between 0 and 9”);
end loop;
loop
AS_Put("Enter digit 4: ");
--hundreds column in input 2
AS_Get(Integer(i2.digit1),“Please type in an integer; please try again”);
exit when Integer(i2.digit1) in 0 … 9;
AS_Put_Line(“Please Enter a number between 0 and 9”);
end loop;
loop
AS_Put("Enter digit 5: ");
--tens column in input 2
AS_Get(Integer(i2.digit2),“Please type in an integer; please try again”);
exit when Integer(i2.digit1) in 0 … 9;
AS_Put_Line(“Please Enter a number between 0 and 9”);
end loop;
loop
AS_Put("Enter digit 6: ");
--digits column in input 2
AS_Get(Integer(i2.digit3),“Please type in an integer; please try again”);
exit when Integer(i2.digit1) in 0 … 9;
AS_Put_Line(“Please Enter a number between 0 and 9”);
end loop;
– Add function to compute the result
result := Add(i1, i2);
– AddProc procedure to compute the result
AddProc(i1, i2, o);
– display result
AS_Put_Line("Result from using function: " & Integer’Image (Integer(result.digit1)) & Integer’Image (Integer(result.digit2)) & Integer’Image (Integer(result.digit3)));
AS_Put_Line("Result from using procedure: " & Integer’Image (Integer(o.digit1)) & Integer’Image (Integer(o.digit2)) & Integer’Image (Integer(o.digit3)));
– ask user if they want to continue
--Put("Do you want to continue? (Y/N): ");
--Get_Line(Input => continue, Last => continue);
--continue := (continue /= “N”) ;
--AS_Get_Line(User_Input, Last); – clearing input buffer
loop
As_Put("Do you want to try again (y/n)? ");
As_Get_Line(User_Input, Last);
exit when Last > 0;
As_Put_Line(“Please enter a non-empty string”);
end loop;
exit when User_Input(1 … 1) = “n”;
end loop;
end Main;
The provided SPARK Ada code defines a simple console application that prompts the user to enter six single-digit numbers, two three-digit numbers are constructed from these inputs, an addition operation is performed, and the result is displayed. The addition is done by two different methods: a function Add and a procedure AddProc.
The structure of the DisplayedNumber type and the bodies of Add, AddProc, and other AS_IO_Wrapper procedures are not included, so we will assume they are properly defined elsewhere in the codebase.
Here’s a breakdown of the main components within the Main procedure:
1. Declaration of variables: i1, i2, o, and result are variables of type DisplayedNumber. User_Input is a String with a maximum length of 20, and Last is an Integer.
2. Initialization of I/O: The application initializes standard output and standard input using AS_Init_Standard_Output and AS_Init_Standard_Input.
3. Input loop: There are six loops, one for each digit of the two numbers to be added. Each loop asks the user to enter a digit and continues to prompt until a valid digit (0 to 9) is entered.
4. Adding numbers: The result is calculated by calling the Add function, and o is calculated by calling the AddProc procedure.
5. Displaying results: The program displays the results from both the function and the procedure.
6. Continue loop: Finally, there’s a loop that prompts the user to decide whether to continue or not. If the user types ‘n’, the program will exit the loop and end.
There are a couple of issues or potential improvements in the code:
- The exit when condition inside the loops for tens and digits of the second number (i2) mistakenly uses i2.digit1 instead of i2.digit2 and i2.digit3 respectively.
- The commented-out code for user continuation input could be removed or corrected and uncommented if it’s intended to be used.
- The initial commented-out variables (--hunds1, tens1, digits1, hunds2, tens2, digits2 : Integer;) are not needed since this information is held within the DisplayedNumber type.
- The AS_Get_Line procedure is used to clear the input buffer, but this is only necessary if previous input operations might leave excess characters in the buffer.
- There is an assumption that the first character entered by the user determines whether to continue. It might be more robust and user-friendly to handle inputs case-insensitively and trim any leading/trailing spaces.
- If the program expects only a single ‘y’ or ‘n’ character, the length of User_Input could be restricted to 1 instead of 20.
Before running the application, ensure that:
- The DisplayedNumber type is correctly defined.
- The AS_IO_Wrapper package and addnums (if it includes Add and AddProc) are implemented correctly.
- SPARK verification conditions are met (if formal verification is intended), by providing suitable contracts for subprograms and possibly loop invariants where necessary.
Remember, this analysis is based on the given snippet; you may need additional context from the rest of the codebase for a complete understanding and validation of the application.
main.ads : pragma SPARK_Mode (On);
procedure Main;
The file main.ads which you’ve provided, appears to contain the specification for a SPARK Ada procedure called Main. Here’s the content:
pragma SPARK_Mode (On);
procedure Main;
Here’s a brief explanation of each part:
- pragma SPARK_Mode (On); indicates that the SPARK mode is enabled for the code that follows. SPARK mode enforces certain restrictions to ensure that the code is suitable for formal verification. In SPARK mode, the compiler will enforce rules that eliminate certain constructs which are not allowed in SPARK, such as access types (pointers), certain forms of aliasing, etc.
- procedure Main; is the specification for a procedure called Main. This is the standard entry point for Ada programs (similar to the main function in C or public static void main(String[] args) in Java). This declaration tells the compiler that there is a Main procedure defined somewhere (in the corresponding main.adb file), which is the starting point of the program execution.
The main.adb file would contain the body of Main procedure where the actual executable code resides. The code block you provided in the earlier interaction would be the body of the Main procedure, and should be placed in a file named main.adb. The combined files main.ads (specification) and main.adb (body) define the complete procedure.
Here is what the main.adb might look like using the previous body (trimmed for brevity):
with AS_IO_Wrapper; – for input/output operations
with addnums; – assuming this package contains Add and AddProc
procedure Main is
– … (variable declarations and types)
begin
– … (initialization and input loops)
– … (code to call the add operations and displaying results)
– … (quit confirmation)
end Main;
The files would then be compiled and linked to produce an executable program. The SPARK tools can be used to perform various forms of formal verification on the code based on the restrictions of SPARK and any annotations provided within the code (such as preconditions, postconditions, and loop invariants).
Keep in mind that in a SPARK project, you would often include formal contracts (like preconditions, postconditions, and loop invariants) for proving program properties. But since you have not provided any such formal contracts, it is assumed that your code is only making use of the SPARK restrictions for increased robustness, not its formal verification capabilities.
addnums.adb : pragma SPARK_Mode;
package AddNums is
--function To12 (T : Integer) return Integer;
type Digit is new Integer range 0 … 9;
type DisplayedNumber is
record
digit1, digit2, digit3 : Digit;
end record;
function Add (i1 : DisplayedNumber; i2 : DisplayedNumber) return DisplayedNumber; --with
--Post => (((i1.digit1 * 100) + (i1.digit2 * 10) + (i1.digit3))+
--((i2.digit1 * 100) + (i2.digit2 * 10) + (i2.digit3)) = Add’Result or
--((i1.digit1 * 100) + (i1.digit2 * 10) + (i1.digit3))+
--((i2.digit1 * 100) + (i2.digit2 * 10) + (i2.digit3)) = (Add’Result + 1000));
--hunds1, tens1, digits1, hunds2, tens2, digits2 : Digit;
procedure AddProc (i1 : DisplayedNumber; i2 : DisplayedNumber;
o : out DisplayedNumber) with depends => (o => (i1, i2));
--Post => (((i1.digit1 * 100) + (i1.digit2 * 10) + (i1.digit3))+
--((i2.digit1 * 100) + (i2.digit2 * 10) + (i2.digit3)) = o or
--((i1.digit1 * 100) + (i1.digit2 * 10) + (i1.digit3))+
--((i2.digit1 * 100) + (i2.digit2 * 10) + (i2.digit3)) = (o + 1000));
end AddNums;
The file addnums.ads (not addnums.adb as mentioned in the question, since .adb is for the body of the implementation and .ads is for the specification) shown here specifies a package for addition of numbers in a SPARK-compliant way. Here is a breakdown of the elements within the package:
- pragma SPARK_Mode; is included at the top, which indicates that this package is meant to be used in SPARK mode. This will make the SPARK tools perform their analysis on this package as well.
- The Digit type defines a subtype of Integer constrained to the range 0 through 9, representing individual digits of a number.
- The DisplayedNumber type is a record consisting of three named fields digit1, digit2, and digit3, each of type Digit. This structure can represent a three-digit number, with one digit per field.
- function Add is declared, expecting two parameters of type DisplayedNumber and returning a DisplayedNumber. This function will calculate the sum of two DisplayedNumber records. The commented postcondition appears to describe the intended behavior of the function: the sum of the integer values represented by the records should equal the integer value of the result, potentially allowing for an overflow into a fourth digit (mimicking some form of bounded arithmetic).
- procedure AddProc is similarly declared with two input DisplayedNumber structures and one output DisplayedNumber. It is supposed to calculate the sum of the two inputs and place the result in the output. The with depends => (o => (i1, i2)); is a contract that establishes the dependency relationship of the output on the inputs.
Both the function and procedure have their detailed behavior described by the commented-out postconditions (--Post => ...). These are formal contracts that, if uncommented, would instruct the SPARK tools how to verify the correctness of the implementations of Add and AddProc. The use of formal verification would ensure that these implementations do indeed sum two numbers correctly within the constraints of a three-digit number (potentially handling the overflow as a four-digit number as well).
The --hunds1, tens1, digits1, hunds2, tens2, digits2 : Digit; comment hints at older or alternative variables that were considered for use within the package.
To use SPARK’s formal verification tools, programmers would uncomment the formal contracts and write the body of the Add function and the AddProc procedure in an addnums.adb file, implementing the logic that satisfies the specified contracts. Then, they would use SPARK’s tools to prove that the implementation meets the contracts. This is a powerful feature of SPARK, as it offers mathematical proof of program properties, increasing the confidence in the software’s correctness, especially for safety-critical systems.
addnums.adb : pragma SPARK_Mode;
package body AddNums is
function Add (i1 : DisplayedNumber; i2 : DisplayedNumber)
return DisplayedNumber is
tmp : Integer;
tmpDig1 : Digit;
tmpDig2 : Digit;
tmpDig3 : Digit;
carry : Integer range 0…1;
begin
--digits column
tmp := Integer(i1.digit3 + i2.digit3);
if tmp <= 9 then
tmpDig3 := Digit(tmp);
carry := 0;
else
tmpDig3 := Digit(tmp - 10);
carry := 1;
end if;
--tens column
tmp := Integer(i1.digit2 + i2.digit2) + carry;
if tmp <= 9 then
tmpDig2 := Digit(tmp);
carry := 0;
else
tmpDig2 := Digit(tmp - 10);
carry := 1;
end if;
--hundreds column
tmp := Integer(i1.digit1 + i2.digit1) + carry;
if tmp <= 9 then
tmpDig1 := Digit(tmp);
else
tmpDig1 := Digit(tmp - 10);
end if;
return (tmpDig1, tmpDig2, tmpDig3);
end Add;
procedure AddProc (i1 : DisplayedNumber; i2 : DisplayedNumber; --hunds1, tens1, digits1, hunds2, tens2, digits2 : Digit;
o : out DisplayedNumber) is
tmp : Integer;
carry : Integer range 0…1;
begin
--digits column
tmp := Integer(i1.digit3 + i2.digit3);
if tmp <= 9 then
o.digit3 := Digit(tmp);
carry := 0;
else
o.digit3 := Digit(tmp - 10);
carry := 1;
end if;
--tens column
tmp := Integer(i1.digit2 + i2.digit2) + carry;
if tmp <= 9 then
o.digit2 := Digit(tmp);
carry := 0;
else
o.digit2 := Digit(tmp - 10);
carry := 1;
end if;
--hundreds column
tmp := Integer(i1.digit1 + i2.digit1) + carry;
if tmp <= 9 then
o.digit1 := Digit(tmp);
else
o.digit1 := Digit(tmp - 10);
end if;
end AddProc;
end AddNums;
The provided addnums.adb file contains the SPARK Ada implementation of the AddNums package specified in addnums.ads. In addnums.adb, the functionality of the Add function and AddProc procedure for adding two DisplayedNumber types is implemented.
Here’s a breakdown of what the addnums.adb file contains:
Header:
- pragma SPARK_Mode; declares that SPARK mode is enabled for this package body, meaning that the SPARK tools will attempt to verify the correctness of this code.
Package Body: AddNums
- The body of AddNums package provides the implementations for Add and AddProc.
Add Function:
- Local variables tmp, tmpDig1, tmpDig2, tmpDig3, and carry are declared.
- The function performs addition with carrying for each digit column (units, tens, hundreds).
- If the addition of any digit column exceeds 9, a carry is generated for the next column.
- The function returns a DisplayedNumber that is the sum of the two input DisplayedNumbers.
AddProc Procedure:
- Local variables tmp, and carry are declared, but o : out DisplayedNumber is the output parameter provided by the caller.
- The procedure performs the same addition with carrying as the Add function.
- The sum is stored directly into o, which is the output DisplayedNumber.
Both Add and AddProc effectively implement the same logic, but Add returns the result as a function return value, and AddProc sets the result in an output parameter.
It’s important to note
|
a58533192977fa1d387b8f98072feeb0
|
{
"intermediate": 0.3155958354473114,
"beginner": 0.435233473777771,
"expert": 0.24917075037956238
}
|
34,963
|
make a cricket game
|
ed8a447218f430bb5d3ef931a5b4346e
|
{
"intermediate": 0.3501223027706146,
"beginner": 0.3957347273826599,
"expert": 0.2541430592536926
}
|
34,964
|
Can you generate a Blender python script that creates a rook piece from the game of chess?
|
d275255199181c1841b073cabb3d7186
|
{
"intermediate": 0.3706014156341553,
"beginner": 0.23404575884342194,
"expert": 0.395352840423584
}
|
34,965
|
<div className={styles.info}>
<PopupButton onToggle={handlePopupToggle} buttonText="i" alignLeft buttonTextColor='#749AAB' text="What's this">
</PopupButton>
</div>
)} I have this code and I would like to know syntax for adding more code below it that is not bolded. Right now, it just shows a button on left with the text bolded, What's this. How can I add content below it that is not bolded?
|
1ca720b189babafff300750249304d0b
|
{
"intermediate": 0.30994024872779846,
"beginner": 0.49756956100463867,
"expert": 0.19249024987220764
}
|
34,966
|
На C# нужно реализовать метод(ChangePrice) в классе ChangePriceToUp который вызывается нажатием кнопки на форме MainMenu
Поиск числа и проверка пикселя будет происходит в координате 1335, 325 (это верхняя левая точка) размер прямоугольника 100 на 20. Проверка пикселя в этом прямоугольнике на координате 98, 18
Метод должен выполнять следующее:
1. Проверить максимальная ли наша цена цвет пикселя нашей (A, R, G, B): (255, 179, 150, 125), если не наша, то (A, R, G, B): (255, 219, 186, 151), к цвету пикселя нужно дабавить доверительный интервал +- 2. Если цена не наша, то через Emgu.CV и Tesseract нужно распознать число, но перед этим эту часть изображения обработать, увеличить в 3 раза и увеличить контрастность, потому-что окно, в котором распознается число имеет разрешение 100 на 20. Это нужно для правильного распознавания числа. Tesseract нужно настроить чтобы распознавал только числа
2. Используя метод SmoothMove(уже написан) переместить курсор в точку 560, 655 произвести нажатие, и ввод полученного числа к которому прибавляем еще 1
3. Также используя метод SmoothMove переместить курсор в точку 865, 785 и произвести нажатие
Реши эту задачу по порядку. Давай начнем с первого пункта
public class ChangePricesToUp
{
//
[DllImport("user32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
static extern bool SetCursorPos(int X, int Y);
[DllImport("user32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
static extern void mouse_event(uint dwFlags, uint dx, uint dy, uint dwData, int dwExtraInfo);
private const uint MOUSEEVENTF_LEFTDOWN = 0x02;
private const uint MOUSEEVENTF_LEFTUP = 0x04;
private const uint MOUSEEVENTF_WHEEL = 0x0800;
static readonly Random random = new Random();
// x 1340 y 325
//
// Блок распознования цены
// Блок поправки цен
public void ChangePrice()
{
List<Point> pointsToMove = new List<Point>
{
new Point(560, 655), // клик на цену
new Point(865, 785), // кнопка публиковать
};
for (int i = 0; i < pointsToMove.Count; i++)
{
Point endPoint = pointsToMove[i];
SmoothMove(Cursor.Position, endPoint); // Используйте текущую позицию курсора как начальную точку
// Если это первая точка, произведите клик и введите число
if (i == 0)
{
Click(); // Симулируем клик ЛКМ
Thread.Sleep(300);
SendKeys.SendWait("123"); // Введите число 123
}
// Если это вторая точка, просто произведите клик
else if (i == 1)
{
Click(); // Симулируем клик ЛКМ
}
}
}
private void SmoothMove(Point start, Point end)
{
int startX = start.X;
int startY = start.Y;
int endX = end.X;
int endY = end.Y;
int steps = 25; // Чем больше шагов, тем плавнее кривая
// Контрольная точка для кривой Безье
int ctrlX = random.Next(Math.Min(startX, endX), Math.Max(startX, endX));
int ctrlY = random.Next(Math.Min(startY, endY), Math.Max(startY, endY));
// Плавное перемещение курсора от начала до конца
for (int i = 0; i <= steps; i++)
{
double t = (double)i / steps;
double xt = (1 - t) * (1 - t) * startX + 2 * (1 - t) * t * ctrlX + t * t * endX;
double yt = (1 - t) * (1 - t) * startY + 2 * (1 - t) * t * ctrlY + t * t * endY;
SetCursorPos((int)xt, (int)yt);
Thread.Sleep(1);
}
}
private void Click()
{
mouse_event(MOUSEEVENTF_LEFTDOWN | MOUSEEVENTF_LEFTUP, 0, 0, 0, 0);
}
public int? CheckPrice()
{
using (Bitmap bmpScreenshot = new Bitmap(100, 20, PixelFormat.Format32bppArgb))
using (Graphics gfxScreenshot = Graphics.FromImage(bmpScreenshot))
{
gfxScreenshot.CopyFromScreen(1335, 325, 0, 0, new Size(100, 20), CopyPixelOperation.SourceCopy);
// Тут должен быть ваш метод IsOurNumber (предполагается, что он принимает Bitmap)
if (IsOurNumber(bmpScreenshot))
{
// Если число наше, то мы не делаем ничего или возвращаем null или специфичное значение
return null;
}
else
{
// Если число не наше, распознаем его и прибавляем 1
try
{
return RecognizeNumberAndAddOne(bmpScreenshot);
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
// Обработка ошибки
Console.WriteLine(ex.Message);
return null;
}
}
}
}
public bool IsColorSimilar(Color color1, Color color2, int tolerance)
{
return Math.Abs(color1.R - color2.R) <= tolerance &&
Math.Abs(color1.G - color2.G) <= tolerance &&
Math.Abs(color1.B - color2.B) <= tolerance;
}
public bool IsOurNumber(Bitmap bmp)
{
// Цвет числа, когда оно является "нашим"
Color ourNumberColor = Color.FromArgb(255, 176, 148, 124);
// Допуск по каждому из цветовых компонентов
int tolerance = 2;
// Проверяем цвет пикселя в нижнем правом углу (чуть внутри от края)
// Учитывая, что координаты начинаются с 0, (98, 18) находится в краю
Color pixelColor = bmp.GetPixel(98, 18);
return IsColorSimilar(ourNumberColor, pixelColor, tolerance);
}
public static int? RecognizeNumberAndAddOne(Bitmap bitmapImage)
{
try
{
// Создаем изображение Emgu.CV из Bitmap
using (Image<Bgr, byte> img = new Image<Bgr, byte>(bitmapImage))
{
using (Tesseract tesseract = new Tesseract(@"MainMenu/tessdata", "eng", OcrEngineMode.TesseractOnly))
{
// Устанавливаем режим распознавания только для цифр
tesseract.SetVariable("tessedit_char_whitelist", "0123456789");
// Применяем OCR на изображение
tesseract.SetImage(img);
tesseract.Recognize();
// Получаем распознанный текст
string recognizedText = tesseract.GetUTF8Text().Trim();
// Пытаемся преобразовать текст в число
if (int.TryParse(recognizedText, out int number))
{
// Прибавляем 1 к числу
return number + 1;
}
}
}
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
// Обработка исключений
MessageBox.Show("An error occurred: " + ex.Message);
}
// Возвращаем null, если число не было распознано
return null;
}
}
|
40fdb80f12b68258460f69aa99d4cfc8
|
{
"intermediate": 0.22980014979839325,
"beginner": 0.5849962830543518,
"expert": 0.18520359694957733
}
|
34,967
|
Error: Cask adoptopenjdk8 exists in multiple taps:
homebrew/cask-versions/adoptopenjdk8
adoptopenjdk/openjdk/adoptopenjdk8
|
8314388b10c0e4cc9735e41620ab2757
|
{
"intermediate": 0.45744073390960693,
"beginner": 0.2924412786960602,
"expert": 0.2501180171966553
}
|
34,968
|
write the instgram homepage code on flutter
|
d60d9178ed8ef2ceead13ab43e432c97
|
{
"intermediate": 0.34408530592918396,
"beginner": 0.29229724407196045,
"expert": 0.3636174499988556
}
|
34,969
|
how to change amount of spaces in tabs on kitty terminal emulator. Plz answer without explaining what is kitty
|
5802b5bb0d485718e855e70ca8876aa5
|
{
"intermediate": 0.3099459707736969,
"beginner": 0.31930118799209595,
"expert": 0.3707527816295624
}
|
34,970
|
I am getting a crash with wow 3.3.5a
is application has encountered a critical error:
ERROR #132 (0>85100084) Fatal Exception
Program: D:\Games\Other\Warmane\Warmane\wow.exe
Exception: OXCOOOOOOS (ACCESS_VIOLATION) at 0023:0041187
e instruction at "0>00411 EB7" referenced memory at
'Ox30E67000".
e memory could not be 'Written".
Press 0K to terminate the application.
Here is my DXVK
d3d9.maxFrameRate = 0
d3d9.maxFrameLatency = 1
d3d9.numBackBuffers = 0
d3d9.presentInterval = 0
d3d9.tearFree = False
d3d9.allowDiscard = True
dxvk.enableAsync = True
dxvk.numCompilerThreads = 0
d3d9.samplerAnisotropy = 16
d3d9.invariantPosition = False
d3d9.noExplicitFrontBuffer = False
d3d9.strictConstantCopies = True
d3d9.lenientClear = True
d3d9.longMad = False
d3d9.floatEmulation = Auto
d3d9.forceSwapchainMSAA = 0
d3d9.supportVCache = True
d3d9.forceSamplerTypeSpecConstants = False
dxvk.useRawSsbo = False
d3d9.disableA8RT = True
d3d9.shaderModel = 3
d3d9.dpiAware = True
d3d9.strictPow = False
dxgi.enableHDR = True
and here's my pc specs
CPU: AMD Ryzen 9 7950X 4.5 GHz 16-Core Processor 32-Thread
Motherboard: MSI MPG B650I EDGE WIFI Mini ITX AM5 Motherboard
Memory: Mushkin Enhanced Redline 64 GB (2 x 32 GB) DDR5-5600 CL28 Memory
Storage: Samsung 990 Pro w/Heatsink 2 TB M.2-2280 PCIe 4.0 X4 NVME Solid State Drive
Storage: Western Digital Black SN850X 4 TB M.2-2280 PCIe 4.0 X4 NVME Solid State Drive
Video Card: Sapphire PULSE Radeon RX 7900 XT 20 GB Video Card
Power Supply: Corsair SF1000L 1000 W 80+ Gold Certified Fully Modular SFX Power Supply
Rear Fan: Noctua A9 PWM chromax.black.swap 46.44 CFM 92 mm Fan
Radiator Fan: be quiet! Silent Wings Pro 4 97.41 CFM 140 mm Fan
Keyboard: Keychron K3 RGB Wired Gaming Keyboard
Mouse: SteelSeries Aerox 9 Wireless Optical Mouse @ 3100 dpi
Headphones: Sony XM5 Headset
Microphone: HyperX QuadCast S – RGB USB Condenser Microphone
DAC: FiiO New K3 Headphone Amplifier 384kHz/32bit
Monitor: LG OLED Evo C2 Series 42” 4K Smart TV (3840 x 2160), 120Hz Refresh Rate AMD freesync 800 nits with HDR
Operating System: Windows 11 23H2
|
5cfb5af175c18048640679998dcd449f
|
{
"intermediate": 0.439253568649292,
"beginner": 0.2211439460515976,
"expert": 0.3396024703979492
}
|
34,971
|
how to know which version of sdk you are using
|
0a589fa8f7c064b8813c0701a64ab6b3
|
{
"intermediate": 0.3171960711479187,
"beginner": 0.3248324692249298,
"expert": 0.35797151923179626
}
|
34,972
|
✖ Android SDK - Required for building and installing your app on Android
- Versions found: N/A
- Version supported: 34.0.0 in react native app
|
9e2fbf8981321cbf7a2316282adf4094
|
{
"intermediate": 0.4049089252948761,
"beginner": 0.30084431171417236,
"expert": 0.29424676299095154
}
|
34,973
|
can you illustrate the nvram module of autosar?
|
7c72fa26f4dd355c5d6eb21f2ad7ccc3
|
{
"intermediate": 0.4435770809650421,
"beginner": 0.2381192147731781,
"expert": 0.3183037340641022
}
|
34,974
|
how to change default text editor ranger. answer without explaining what is ranger
|
fa5b308f4fa58329c098ba4d122a550a
|
{
"intermediate": 0.27096274495124817,
"beginner": 0.3745169937610626,
"expert": 0.35452020168304443
}
|
34,975
|
how to view the docker image registry for us-docker.pkg.dev
|
7c9f4d375bc58c6ceab9db0c0c1e9926
|
{
"intermediate": 0.34455299377441406,
"beginner": 0.33684948086738586,
"expert": 0.31859755516052246
}
|
34,976
|
I have this dxvk.conf specific for wow 3.3.5a private server (warmane) but it is optimized for APU... can you optimize it for real hardware like mine?
here's the dxvk.conf
#UPDATED: 2023-Abril-29 Experimental Smoothy v3.0 for the dxvk Version 1.2-3
#DXVK configuration for GPUs (NVIDIA & AMD). For testing with Intel ARC, use this configuration and also without it in WoW 3.3.5a.
#Author: Milor123 - Junklont
#IMPORTANT: Shadows are best set to Low, and Distance set to High or less. Do NOT use MAX and disable V-SYNC.
#IMPORTANT NOTE: Please do not test performance in Dalaran as it is poorly optimized, this map is a shi*****t
d3d9.maxFrameRate = 200 # Set manually for limit the Max FPS
dxvk.hud = fps # REMOVE THIS LINE FOR HIDE FPS HUD or write # for comment
d3d9.maxFrameLatency = 4
d3d9.numBackBuffers = 0 # // I GET MORE FPS IN 0 a mayor numero mayor calidad menos rendimiento
d3d9.presentInterval = 0 # Disable Vsync in 0
d3d9.tearFree = Auto # Vsync replace fuction // I GET MORE FPS IN False
d3d9.maxAvailableMemory = 1000 # CHANGE IT FOR YOU RAM Size in MB
d3d9.evictManagedOnUnlock = True # forzar la liberación de la memoria utilizada por los recursos de la GPU después de que se desbloqueen en el juego
d3d9.allowDiscard = True # permitir que DXVK deseche los recursos de la GPU que ya no son necesarios
dxvk.enableAsync = True # It option only work in Async Version
dxvk.numCompilerThreads = 0 # CHANGE IT by your threads of CPU <----------------------
dxvk.numAsyncThreads = 0 # 0 is Automatic || It option only work in Async Version
#d3d9.customDeviceId = 0091
#d3d9.customVendorId = 10de
d3d9.samplerAnisotropy = 0
d3d9.invariantPosition = False # New bugs xD
d3d9.memoryTrackTest = True # Get memory values
d3d9.noExplicitFrontBuffer = True # deshabilitar el búfer frontal
# New patches
d3d9.strictConstantCopies = False # Only for GPU users with good GPU RTX >= 1060 or 1070 maybe if you use APU set in False
d3d9.lenientClear = True # Permite una limpieza menos riguroza = More performance
dxvk.maxChunkSize = 0 # 128 or 256 MiB for slow APU like Intel(R) HD Graphics 620
d3d9.longMad = False # Change to True for try get more perfomance only enable if try use z-pass
##############################
d3d9.floatEmulation = Auto # New Thing
# Supported values:
# - True: Use a faster but less accurate approach. Good enough for most games
# - False: Disable float emulation completely
# - Strict: Use a slower but more correct approach. Necessary for some games
# - Auto: DXVK will pick automatically
##############################
d3d9.forceSwapchainMSAA = 0
d3d9.supportVCache = False #Its only for Nvidia GPU (vcache query)
d3d9.forceSamplerTypeSpecConstants = False
dxvk.useRawSsbo = False # PLEASE NOT ENABLE IT, CAUSE LAGGY SHUTTERS
######## OPTIONAL SETTINGS, remove # for test
# For idiots games, it normaly by me should be true all
d3d9.supportD32 = False
d3d9.useD32forD24 = False
d3d9.supportX4R4G4B4 = False # CAUSE LAG AND LESS FPS GAIN. please dont ENABLE IT in Wow3.3.5a
d3d9.disableA8RT = True # improvement the login fast charging and other things very GOOD in TRUE
#########
#Explains:
# Some games think we are on Intel given a lack of NVAPI or
# AGS/atiadlxx support. Report our device memory as shared memory,
# and some small amount for a "carveout".
# Supported values: True, False
# dxgi.emulateUMA = False # IT says the game that we are using iGPU not NVAPI
and here's my hardware:
CPU: AMD Ryzen 9 7950X 4.5 GHz 16-Core Processor 32-Thread
Motherboard: MSI MPG B650I EDGE WIFI Mini ITX AM5 Motherboard
Memory: Mushkin Enhanced Redline 64 GB (2 x 32 GB) DDR5-5600 CL28 Memory
Storage: Samsung 990 Pro w/Heatsink 2 TB M.2-2280 PCIe 4.0 X4 NVME Solid State Drive
Storage: Western Digital Black SN850X 4 TB M.2-2280 PCIe 4.0 X4 NVME Solid State Drive
Video Card: Sapphire PULSE Radeon RX 7900 XT 20 GB Video Card
Power Supply: Corsair SF1000L 1000 W 80+ Gold Certified Fully Modular SFX Power Supply
Rear Fan: Noctua A9 PWM chromax.black.swap 46.44 CFM 92 mm Fan
Radiator Fan: be quiet! Silent Wings Pro 4 97.41 CFM 140 mm Fan
Keyboard: Keychron K3 RGB Wired Gaming Keyboard
Mouse: SteelSeries Aerox 9 Wireless Optical Mouse @ 3100 dpi
Headphones: Sony XM5 Headset
Microphone: HyperX QuadCast S – RGB USB Condenser Microphone
DAC: FiiO New K3 Headphone Amplifier 384kHz/32bit
Monitor: LG OLED Evo C2 Series 42” 4K Smart TV (3840 x 2160), 120Hz Refresh Rate AMD freesync 800 nits with HDR
Operating System: Windows 11 23H2
|
3557e5c6d5dbbe37f3b6e9d78cb82d5b
|
{
"intermediate": 0.37162286043167114,
"beginner": 0.3251751661300659,
"expert": 0.30320197343826294
}
|
34,977
|
The conditions for expanding production in the neoclassical theory of the firm are
|
2ced9fa87e53bec07b839d7814dc296f
|
{
"intermediate": 0.42769452929496765,
"beginner": 0.3197742700576782,
"expert": 0.2525312304496765
}
|
34,978
|
I need a python script to check if .log file contains the word identical
|
9f80f4660f0ea8e6eccc49c607f1cd3d
|
{
"intermediate": 0.4953850507736206,
"beginner": 0.18242381513118744,
"expert": 0.3221910893917084
}
|
34,979
|
To find the 8-bit 2's complement representation of the decimal number 214, follow these steps:
|
8979694d01184a0230ce902486542782
|
{
"intermediate": 0.3029817044734955,
"beginner": 0.2719171345233917,
"expert": 0.4251011908054352
}
|
34,980
|
Consider the following relation:
TEMP AGENCY
Some of the requirements that this table is based on are as follows:
Each temporary worker has a unique TempID, and a non-unique TempName.
Each employer has a unique EID, and a non-unique EName.
Each job has a unique JobID, and a job type.
Each job type has a unique JobTypeID and a non-unique job type description (JobTypeDesc).
Each temporary worker is assigned to only one job.
Each job has one job type, but multiple jobs can have the same job type
Each job is assigned to one employer. Same employer can have multiple jobs
|
352439fc16beef20978a49f8e0cc36d2
|
{
"intermediate": 0.28369811177253723,
"beginner": 0.29025891423225403,
"expert": 0.42604297399520874
}
|
34,981
|
Как вывести результат на label1 из этого метода
public bool IsOurNumber(Bitmap bmp)
{
// Цвет числа, когда оно является “нашим”
Color ourNumberColor = Color.FromArgb(255, 176, 148, 124);
// Допуск по каждому из цветовых компонентов
int tolerance = 2;
// Проверяем цвет пикселя в нижнем правом углу (чуть внутри от края)
// Учитывая, что координаты начинаются с 0, (98, 18) находится в краю
Color pixelColor = bmp.GetPixel(98, 18);
return IsColorSimilar(ourNumberColor, pixelColor, tolerance);
}
По нажатию этой кнопки
private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
ChangePricesToUp changePricesToUp = new ChangePricesToUp();
changePricesToUp.IsOurNumber(bmp);
}
|
d1888f91d2741e339c859b57ea24c9a1
|
{
"intermediate": 0.35658425092697144,
"beginner": 0.36759868264198303,
"expert": 0.2758170962333679
}
|
34,982
|
We are modeling a safety-critical system using SPARK Ada, the system is a simple Rocket Control System. Here is the code, first for Rocket_Control_System.ads: pragma SPARK_Mode (On);
with SPARK.Text_IO;
use SPARK.Text_IO;
package Rocket_Control_System is
Max_Current : constant Integer := 100;
Critical_Current : constant Integer := 80;
type Current_Range is new Integer range 0 .. Max_Current;
type Rocket_Status_Type is (Valves_Opened, Self_Destruct);
type Rocket_System_Status is
record
Measured_Current : Current_Range;
Rocket_Status : Rocket_Status_Type;
end record;
Rocket_System : Rocket_System_Status;
procedure Get_Current with
Global => (In_Out => (Standard_Output, Standard_Input, Rocket_System)),
Depends => (Standard_Output => (Standard_Output, Standard_Input),
Standard_Input => Standard_Input,
Rocket_System => (Rocket_System, Standard_Input));
function Rocket_Status_To_String (Status : Rocket_Status_Type) return String;
procedure Print_Status with
Global => (In_Out => Standard_Output, Input => Rocket_System),
Depends => (Standard_Output => (Standard_Output, Rocket_System));
function Is_Safe (Status : Rocket_System_Status) return Boolean is
(if Integer(Status.Measured_Current) > Critical_Current
then Status.Rocket_Status = Self_Destruct
else Status.Rocket_Status = Valves_Opened);
procedure Monitor_Rocket_System with
Global => (In_Out => (Standard_Input, Standard_Output, Rocket_System)),
Depends => ((Rocket_System, Standard_Input, Standard_Output) => (Rocket_System, Standard_Input, Standard_Output)),
Post => Is_Safe(Rocket_System);
procedure Init_Rocket_System with
Global => (Output => (Standard_Output, Standard_Input, Rocket_System)),
Depends => ((Standard_Output, Standard_Input, Rocket_System) => null),
Post => Is_Safe(Rocket_System);
end Rocket_Control_System;
Secondly, Rocket_Control_System.adb: pragma SPARK_Mode (On);
with AS_IO_Wrapper;
use AS_IO_Wrapper;
package body Rocket_Control_System is
procedure Get_Current is
Current : Integer;
begin
AS_Put_Line("Enter sensor value in amps");
loop
AS_Get(Current, "Please type in an integer");
exit when (Current >= 0) and (Current <= Max_Current);
AS_Put("Please type in a value between 0 and ");
AS_Put(Max_Current);
AS_Put_Line("");
end loop;
Rocket_System.Measured_Current := Current_Range(Current);
end Get_Current;
function Rocket_Status_To_String (Status : Rocket_Status_Type) return String is
begin
if Status = Valves_Opened then
return "Valves Opened";
else
return "Self Destruct";
end if;
end Rocket_Status_To_String;
procedure Print_Status is
begin
AS_Put("Current = ");
AS_Put(Integer(Rocket_System.Measured_Current));
AS_Put_Line("");
AS_Put("Rocket Control System = ");
AS_Put_Line(Rocket_Status_To_String(Rocket_System.Rocket_Status));
end Print_Status;
procedure Monitor_Rocket_System is
begin
Get_Current;
if Integer(Rocket_System.Measured_Current) > Critical_Current then
Rocket_System.Rocket_Status := Self_Destruct;
else
Rocket_System.Rocket_Status := Valves_Opened;
end if;
Print_Status;
end Monitor_Rocket_System;
procedure Init_Rocket_System is
begin
AS_Init_Standard_Input;
AS_Init_Standard_Output;
Rocket_System := (Measured_Current => 0,
Rocket_Status => Valves_Opened);
end Init_Rocket_System;
end Rocket_Control_System;
Thirdly, main.ads: Pragma SPARK_Mode (On);
procedure Main;
Fourthly, main.adb: pragma SPARK_Mode (On);
with Rocket_Control_system;
use Rocket_Control_system;
procedure Main
is
begin
Init_Rocket_System;
loop
pragma Loop_Invariant (Is_Safe(Rocket_System));
Get_Current;
Monitor_Rocket_System;
Print_Status;
end loop;
end Main;
|
01877c55ef11a901f7a5a50f0f750480
|
{
"intermediate": 0.28014063835144043,
"beginner": 0.4371386468410492,
"expert": 0.282720685005188
}
|
34,983
|
Can you generate an OpenSCAD script that creates a rook piece from the game of chess?
|
a16fd26405409a9df7da06573cf9e255
|
{
"intermediate": 0.38603779673576355,
"beginner": 0.2684033215045929,
"expert": 0.34555891156196594
}
|
34,984
|
Given the following recurrences, what is the runtime of the algorithm?
T(n) = { 16T(n/4) + O(n^2) n > 1
1 n = 1 }
|
68e2d9a8a46d5269aa0edf46686271ff
|
{
"intermediate": 0.07547837495803833,
"beginner": 0.11023274064064026,
"expert": 0.814288854598999
}
|
34,985
|
I want my math ai tutor built using gpt-4, react.js, and node.js to run on a link and to have several people be able to use the link. can aws lambda do this?
|
0b998a70fde1e8ea2c35adb908f35777
|
{
"intermediate": 0.6520546078681946,
"beginner": 0.19348029792308807,
"expert": 0.15446507930755615
}
|
34,986
|
you here?
|
417d90c251f60f38fcc976ef05b4ea8c
|
{
"intermediate": 0.3698759973049164,
"beginner": 0.2779976427555084,
"expert": 0.3521263897418976
}
|
34,987
|
如何解决：
F:\Flowise>yarn install
yarn install v1.22.19
info No lockfile found.
[1/5] Validating package.json...
error flowise@1.4.5: The engine "node" is incompatible with this module. Expected version ">=18.15.0". Got "18.12.1"
error Found incompatible module.
info Visit https://yarnpkg.com/en/docs/cli/install for documentation about this command.
F:\Flowise>nvm list
* 18.12.1 (Currently using 64-bit executable)
16.19.0
|
9486e482a018ca9dd85e856dcd3d4416
|
{
"intermediate": 0.35925474762916565,
"beginner": 0.3078477680683136,
"expert": 0.33289745450019836
}
|
34,988
|
Which AI model is this?
|
700165119a6f94ffceff2bcf33ecb34c
|
{
"intermediate": 0.0487225204706192,
"beginner": 0.048130955547094345,
"expert": 0.9031465649604797
}
|
34,989
|
SELECT release_year, COUNT(Movie_name) AS No_Of_Movies
FROM Movie
GROUP BY release_year
HAVING COUNT(Movie_name) > 1; SELECT release_year, COUNT(Movie_name) AS No_Of_Movies
FROM Movie
GROUP BY release_year
HAVING No_Of_Movies > 1; why first query is executes but second is not
|
4babe56c24ff9535793526671daad64d
|
{
"intermediate": 0.3033161163330078,
"beginner": 0.4436526894569397,
"expert": 0.2530311048030853
}
|
34,990
|
this is a nextflow script:
workflow {
dir = params.dir
meta = params.meta
group = params.group
name = ???
the params.group will look like this: m1.txt
for the name variable I want to split that by '.' and store m1 to name
|
e23c43268e91324c943b350da287a31c
|
{
"intermediate": 0.31125596165657043,
"beginner": 0.2948456108570099,
"expert": 0.3938983976840973
}
|
34,991
|
Get the latest updates as soon as they're available
This setting isn't available due to your organization's policy
|
01925a51b201f828854c94acd0c316d5
|
{
"intermediate": 0.27709344029426575,
"beginner": 0.2981339991092682,
"expert": 0.42477256059646606
}
|
34,992
|
What is a list of adb shell tweaks for samsung phones for better performance?
|
1dae5627ffef8e6f0795b19d62537426
|
{
"intermediate": 0.28923240303993225,
"beginner": 0.3068324029445648,
"expert": 0.4039352238178253
}
|
34,993
|
if there are 10 books in a room, and I read 2, how many are left
|
e71f60cc3e92d5adc12c9081da2c7280
|
{
"intermediate": 0.315620094537735,
"beginner": 0.3900417387485504,
"expert": 0.2943381667137146
}
|
34,994
|
How do i optimize battery life on samsung s23 through adb commands
|
974fed14b1917098bd5e4f11cd313668
|
{
"intermediate": 0.2635563611984253,
"beginner": 0.22223475575447083,
"expert": 0.5142088532447815
}
|
34,995
|
请帮我修改代码
key = cv2.waitKey(0)
if key == ord('q'):
break
elif key == ord('e'):
i-=1
break
else:
i=len(self.depth_path)-1
break
|
da0d26aec30419189a43912bedd5348d
|
{
"intermediate": 0.2963554561138153,
"beginner": 0.497334748506546,
"expert": 0.20630979537963867
}
|
34,996
|
How to remove all lines in notepad++ starting with a #
|
2ba79d4b1ab2390c741b1a0d4d8fad6d
|
{
"intermediate": 0.3063642084598541,
"beginner": 0.39386266469955444,
"expert": 0.29977312684059143
}
|
34,997
|
How do i repair action center in windows 11
|
b99837d22b259bd169cb4cc74e3d3b10
|
{
"intermediate": 0.396251916885376,
"beginner": 0.3030068278312683,
"expert": 0.3007412850856781
}
|
34,998
|
How do i repair windows 11 action center through registry?
|
ffeeb0c2698163d6ce737c3a27c1adbe
|
{
"intermediate": 0.3509942293167114,
"beginner": 0.38762617111206055,
"expert": 0.26137956976890564
}
|
34,999
|
Исправь код на c++: #include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class ScalarVector
{
private:
float x0;
float y0;
float x;
float y;
public:
ScalarVector(){}
ScalarVector(float x1,float y1,float x2, float y2):x0(x1),y0(y1),x(x2),y(y2){}
void set_x0(float x_0){x0=x_0;}
void set_y0(float y_0){y0=y_0;}
void set_x(float x_1){x=x_1;}
void set_y(float y_1){y=y_1;}
float get_x0(){return x0;}
float get_y0(){return y0;}
float get_x(){return x;}
float get_y(){return y;}
void show_all()
{
cout<<"x0 ="<<x0<<endl;
cout<<"y0 = "<<y0<<endl;
cout<<"x = "<<x<<endl;
cout<<"y = "<<y0<<endl;
}
ScalarVector& operator+(ScalarVector& v)
{
ScalarVector v_sum;
v_sum.set_x0=x0;
v_sum.set_y0=y0;
v_sum.set_x=v.x;
v_sum.set_y=v.y;
return v_sum;
}
ScalarVector operator-(ScalarVector v)
{
ScalarVector v_sub;
v_sum.set_x0()=x0;
v_sum.set_y0()=y0;
v_sum.set_x()=v.x;
v_sum.set_y()=v.y;
return v_sub;
}
};
int main()
{
ScalarVector a(1,1,5,7);
ScalarVector b;
b.set_x0()=5;
b.set_y0()=7;
b.set_x()=10;
b.set_y()=15;
cout<<"a: "<<endl;
a.show_all();
cout<<"b: "<<endl;
b.show_all();
ScalarVector sum = a+b;
ScalarVector sub = a-b;
cout<<"a+b: "<<endl;
sum.show_all();
cout<<"a-b: "<<endl;
sub.show_all();
return 0;
}
|
4c6ebc11a62ba1347ff264fbbe38e12a
|
{
"intermediate": 0.39160898327827454,
"beginner": 0.39943650364875793,
"expert": 0.20895451307296753
}
|
35,000
|
FROM [Posts] AS [p]
LEFT JOIN [Account] AS [a] ON [p].[AccountID] = [a].[AccoutID]
LEFT JOIN [Categories] AS [c] ON [p].[CatID] = [c].[CatID]
fail: Microsoft.AspNetCore.Diagnostics.DeveloperExceptionPageMiddleware[1]
An unhandled exception has occurred while executing the request.
System.NullReferenceException: Object reference not set to an instance of an object.
at AspNetCore.Areas_Admin_Views_Posts_Index.ExecuteAsync() in D:\Tailieuhoctap\APS.NET\BaiTapLon\YTe\Areas\Admin\Views\Posts\Index.cshtml:line 65
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Razor.RazorView.RenderPageCoreAsync(IRazorPage page, ViewContext context)
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Razor.RazorView.RenderPageAsync(IRazorPage page, ViewContext context, Boolean invokeViewStarts)
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Razor.RazorView.RenderAsync(ViewContext context)
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.ViewFeatures.ViewExecutor.ExecuteAsync(ViewContext viewContext, String contentType, Nullable`1 statusCode)
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.ViewFeatures.ViewExecutor.ExecuteAsync(ViewContext viewContext, String contentType, Nullable`1 statusCode)
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.ViewFeatures.ViewExecutor.ExecuteAsync(ActionContext actionContext, IView view, ViewDataDictionary viewData, ITempDataDictionary tempData, String contentType, Nullable`1 statusCode)
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.ViewFeatures.ViewResultExecutor.ExecuteAsync(ActionContext context, ViewResult result)
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.ViewResult.ExecuteResultAsync(ActionContext context)
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Infrastructure.ResourceInvoker.<InvokeNextResultFilterAsync>g__Awaited|30_0[TFilter,TFilterAsync](ResourceInvoker invoker, Task lastTask, State next, Scope scope, Object state, Boolean isCompleted)
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Infrastructure.ResourceInvoker.Rethrow(ResultExecutedContextSealed context)
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Infrastructure.ResourceInvoker.ResultNext[TFilter,TFilterAsync](State& next, Scope& scope, Object& state, Boolean& isCompleted)
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Infrastructure.ResourceInvoker.InvokeResultFilters()
--- End of stack trace from previous location ---
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Infrastructure.ResourceInvoker.<InvokeNextResourceFilter>g__Awaited|25_0(ResourceInvoker invoker, Task lastTask, State next, Scope scope, Object state, Boolean isCompleted)
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Infrastructure.ResourceInvoker.Rethrow(ResourceExecutedContextSealed context)
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Infrastructure.ResourceInvoker.Next(State& next, Scope& scope, Object& state, Boolean& isCompleted)
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Infrastructure.ResourceInvoker.<InvokeFilterPipelineAsync>g__Awaited|20_0(ResourceInvoker invoker, Task lastTask, State next, Scope scope, Object state, Boolean isCompleted)
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Infrastructure.ResourceInvoker.<InvokeAsync>g__Awaited|17_0(ResourceInvoker invoker, Task task, IDisposable scope)
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Infrastructure.ResourceInvoker.<InvokeAsync>g__Awaited|17_0(ResourceInvoker invoker, Task task, IDisposable scope)
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Routing.EndpointMiddleware.<Invoke>g__AwaitRequestTask|6_0(Endpoint endpoint, Task requestTask, ILogger logger)
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authorization.AuthorizationMiddleware.Invoke(HttpContext context)
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication.AuthenticationMiddleware.Invoke(HttpContext context)
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Diagnostics.DeveloperExceptionPageMiddlewareImpl.Invoke(HttpContext context)
info: Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Database.Command[20101]
Executed DbCommand (1ms) [Parameters=[], CommandType='Text', CommandTimeout='30']
SELECT [p].[PostID], [p].[AccountID], [p].[Alias], [p].[Author], [p].[CatID], [p].[Contents], [p].[CreateDate], [p].[isHot], [p].[isNewfeed], [p].[MetaDesc], [p].[MetaKey], [p].[Published], [p].[SContents], [p].[Tags], [p].[Thumb], [p].[Title], [p].[Views], [a].[AccoutID], [a].[Active], [a].[CreateDate], [a].[Email], [a].[FullName], [a].[LastLogin], [a].[Password], [a].[Phone], [a].[RoleID], [a].[Salt], [c].[CatID], [c].[Alias], [c].[CatName], [c].[Cover], [c].[Description], [c].[Icon], [c].[Levels], [c].[MetaDesc], [c].[MetaKey], [c].[Ordering], [c].[Parents], [c].[Published], [c].[Thumb], [c].[Title]
FROM [Posts] AS [p]
LEFT JOIN [Account] AS [a] ON [p].[AccountID] = [a].[AccoutID]
LEFT JOIN [Categories] AS [c] ON [p].[CatID] = [c].[CatID]
fail: Microsoft.AspNetCore.Diagnostics.DeveloperExceptionPageMiddleware[1]
An unhandled exception has occurred while executing the request.
System.NullReferenceException: Object reference not set to an instance of an object.
at AspNetCore.Areas_Admin_Views_Posts_Index.ExecuteAsync() in D:\Tailieuhoctap\APS.NET\BaiTapLon\YTe\Areas\Admin\Views\Posts\Index.cshtml:line 65
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Razor.RazorView.RenderPageCoreAsync(IRazorPage page, ViewContext context)
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Razor.RazorView.RenderPageAsync(IRazorPage page, ViewContext context, Boolean invokeViewStarts)
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Razor.RazorView.RenderAsync(ViewContext context)
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.ViewFeatures.ViewExecutor.ExecuteAsync(ViewContext viewContext, String contentType, Nullable`1 statusCode)
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.ViewFeatures.ViewExecutor.ExecuteAsync(ViewContext viewContext, String contentType, Nullable`1 statusCode)
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.ViewFeatures.ViewExecutor.ExecuteAsync(ActionContext actionContext, IView view, ViewDataDictionary viewData, ITempDataDictionary tempData, String contentType, Nullable`1 statusCode)
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.ViewFeatures.ViewResultExecutor.ExecuteAsync(ActionContext context, ViewResult result)
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.ViewResult.ExecuteResultAsync(ActionContext context)
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Infrastructure.ResourceInvoker.<InvokeNextResultFilterAsync>g__Awaited|30_0[TFilter,TFilterAsync](ResourceInvoker invoker, Task lastTask, State next, Scope scope, Object state, Boolean isCompleted)
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Infrastructure.ResourceInvoker.Rethrow(ResultExecutedContextSealed context)
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Infrastructure.ResourceInvoker.ResultNext[TFilter,TFilterAsync](State& next, Scope& scope, Object& state, Boolean& isCompleted)
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Infrastructure.ResourceInvoker.InvokeResultFilters()
--- End of stack trace from previous location ---
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Infrastructure.ResourceInvoker.<InvokeNextResourceFilter>g__Awaited|25_0(ResourceInvoker invoker, Task lastTask, State next, Scope scope, Object state, Boolean isCompleted)
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Infrastructure.ResourceInvoker.Rethrow(ResourceExecutedContextSealed context)
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Infrastructure.ResourceInvoker.Next(State& next, Scope& scope, Object& state, Boolean& isCompleted)
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Infrastructure.ResourceInvoker.<InvokeFilterPipelineAsync>g__Awaited|20_0(ResourceInvoker invoker, Task lastTask, State next, Scope scope, Object state, Boolean isCompleted)
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Infrastructure.ResourceInvoker.<InvokeAsync>g__Awaited|17_0(ResourceInvoker invoker, Task task, IDisposable scope)
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Infrastructure.ResourceInvoker.<InvokeAsync>g__Awaited|17_0(ResourceInvoker invoker, Task task, IDisposable scope)
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Routing.EndpointMiddleware.<Invoke>g__AwaitRequestTask|6_0(Endpoint endpoint, Task requestTask, ILogger logger)
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authorization.AuthorizationMiddleware.Invoke(HttpContext context)
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication.AuthenticationMiddleware.Invoke(HttpContext context)
at Microsoft.AspNetCore.Diagnostics.DeveloperExceptionPageMiddlewareImpl.Invoke(HttpContext context)
|
9b911799ccab7a4ed567d0bd5984ed3c
|
{
"intermediate": 0.26380035281181335,
"beginner": 0.5008204579353333,
"expert": 0.2353791743516922
}
|
35,001
|
seeRandom[24];
a = 0;
b = 808;
c = 204;
iI = 17;
p = 2537140233079;
P = {2198812211451, 2124337351910};
q = 2537141457007;
s = RandomInteger[{1, q}]
k = RandomInteger[{1, q}]
txt = “Номер документа - 0020234979
Фамилия - Скопич
Имя - Иван
Отчество - Игоревич
Группа - А-08М-23
Номер по списку в группе - 24
Дата выдачи - 01.09.2023
курс - первый”;
EE = Hash[txt, “MD5”];
EllipticAdd[p_, a_, b_, c_, P_List, Q_List] :=
Module[{lam, x3, y3, P3},
Which[
P == {O}, Q,
Q == {O}, P,
P[[1]] != Q[[1]],
lam =
Mod[(Q[[2]] - P[[2]]) PowerMod[Q[[1]] - P[[1]], p - 2, p], p];
x3 = Mod[lam^2 - a - P[[1]] - Q[[1]], p];
y3 = Mod[-(lam (x3 - P[[1]]) + P[[2]]), p];
{x3, y3},
(P == Q) [And] (P[[2]] == 0), {O},
(P == Q) [And] (P != {O}),
lam =
Mod[ (3P[[1]]^2 + 2 aP[[1]] + b) PowerMod[2 P[[2]], p - 2, p],
p];
x3 = Mod[lam^2 - a - P[[1]] - Q[[1]], p];
y3 = Mod[-(lam (x3 - P[[1]]) + P[[2]]), p];
{x3, y3},
(P[[1]] == Q[[1]]) [And] (P[[2]] != Q[[2]]), {O}]]
Eliptic[P1_, k0_, p0_, a0_, b0_, c0_, iI0_] :=
Module[{P0 = P1, k1 = k0, p = p0, a = a0, b = b0, c = c0, iI = iI0},
Clear[PP];
PP[0] = P0;
PP[i_] :=
PP[i] = EllipticAdd[p, a, b, c + iI, PP[i - 1], PP[i - 1]];
Per = IntegerDigits[k1, 2]; rez = {O}; len = Length[Per];
For[i = 1, i <= len, i++,
If[Per[[i]] == 1,
rez = EllipticAdd[p, a, b, c + iI, rez, PP[len - i]];]];
rez];
R = Eliptic[P, k, p, a, b, c, iI]
Q = Eliptic[P, s, p, a, b, c, iI]
rr = Mod[R[[1]] + EE, q]
EE
k
cc = Mod[k - s*rr, q]
cP = Eliptic[P, cc, p, a, b, c, iI]
RR1 = EllipticAdd[p, a, b, c + iI, cP, rQ]
R - RR1
сделай как Модуль формирования ЭЦП. Вход: контейнер, порядок точки q, случайное число к. Выход: r,с.
|
b8f813b63dc7e20741ebbfab6c00b190
|
{
"intermediate": 0.24898962676525116,
"beginner": 0.5256257057189941,
"expert": 0.2253846675157547
}
|
35,002
|
Icewarp/13.0.3.10 RHEL7 X64 Version can you please share the severity of this VAPT Test with regards to "server version(RHEL7) should not be displayed
|
66937526bf023e32c48f266958fc88d6
|
{
"intermediate": 0.33224043250083923,
"beginner": 0.26400652527809143,
"expert": 0.4037530720233917
}
|
35,003
|
Please make for this code C++ header .h file with class and method prototypes:
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <stdexcept>
#include <limits>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
// Паттерн Singleton для логгера
class Logger {
private:
ofstream logFile;
static Logger* instance;
// Приватный конструктор для Singleton
Logger() {
logFile.open("log.txt", ios::out | ios::app);
if (!logFile.is_open()) {
throw runtime_error("Не удалось открыть файл лога.");
}
}
public:
// Получение экземпляра логгера
static Logger* getInstance() {
if (!instance) {
instance = new Logger;
}
return instance;
}
// Запись сообщения в лог и вывод в консоль
void log(const string& message) {
logFile << message << endl;
cout << message << endl;
}
// Деструктор для закрытия файла
~Logger() {
if (logFile.is_open()) {
logFile.close();
}
}
// Удаляем возможность копирования и присваивания
Logger(const Logger&) = delete;
Logger& operator=(const Logger&) = delete;
};
// Инициализация статической переменной instance
Logger* Logger::instance = nullptr;
// Интерфейс стратегии
class PaymentStrategy {
public:
virtual void pay(int amount) = 0;
};
// Конкретные стратегии
class CreditCardPayment : public PaymentStrategy {
public:
void pay(int amount) override {
string message = "Оплачено " + to_string(amount) + " с использованием кредитной карты.";
Logger::getInstance()->log(message);
cout << message << endl;
}
};
class SberPayPayment : public PaymentStrategy {
public:
void pay(int amount) override {
string message = "Оплачено " + to_string(amount) + " с использованием СберПэй.";
Logger::getInstance()->log(message);
cout << message << endl;
}
};
class BankTransferPayment : public PaymentStrategy {
public:
void pay(int amount) override {
string message = "Оплачено " + to_string(amount) + " с использованием банковского перевода.";
Logger::getInstance()->log(message);
cout << message << endl;
}
};
// Контекст, использующий стратегию
class ShoppingCart {
private:
PaymentStrategy* paymentStrategy;
public:
ShoppingCart(PaymentStrategy* strategy) : paymentStrategy(strategy) {}
void checkout(int amount) {
paymentStrategy->pay(amount);
}
};
// Функция для выбора задачи (1 - оплата, 2 - автомобиль)
int chooseTask() {
int task;
cout << "Выберите задачу:" << endl;
cout << "1. Оплата" << endl;
cout << "2. Работа с автомобилем" << endl;
cout << "3. Выход" << endl;
cout << "Ваш выбор: ";
cin >> task;
return task;
}
// Функция для выбора способа оплаты
PaymentStrategy* choosePaymentMethod() {
int choice;
cout << "Выберите способ оплаты:" << endl;
cout << "1. Кредитная карта" << endl;
cout << "2. СберПэй" << endl;
cout << "3. Банковский перевод" << endl;
cout << "Ваш выбор: ";
cin >> choice;
switch (choice) {
case 1:
return new CreditCardPayment();
case 2:
return new SberPayPayment();
case 3:
return new BankTransferPayment();
default:
cout << "Неправильный выбор. Используется кредитная карта по умолчанию." << endl;
return new CreditCardPayment();
}
}
// Подсистема для работы с двигателем
class Engine {
public:
void start() {
cout << "Двигатель запущен" << endl;
}
void stop() {
cout << "Двигатель заглушен" << endl;
}
};
// Подсистема для работы с топливной системой
class FuelSystem {
public:
void pumpFuel() {
cout << "Топливо подано в двигатель" << endl;
}
void stopPumpingFuel() {
cout << "Топливо не подаётся" << endl;
}
};
// Подсистема для работы с электрической системой
class ElectricalSystem {
public:
void powerOn() {
cout << "Питание включено" << endl;
}
void powerOff() {
cout << "Питание выключено" << endl;
}
};
// Фасад, предоставляющий унифицированный интерфейс для работы с подсистемами
class CarFacade {
private:
Engine engine;
FuelSystem fuelSystem;
ElectricalSystem electricalSystem;
public:
void startCar() {
cout << "Запуск автомобиля" << endl;
electricalSystem.powerOn();
fuelSystem.pumpFuel();
engine.start();
}
void stopCar() {
cout << "Автомобиль заглушен" << endl;
engine.stop();
fuelSystem.stopPumpingFuel();
electricalSystem.powerOff();
}
};
int main() {
int task;
while (true) {
task = chooseTask();
switch (task) {
case 1: {
int amount;
cout << "Введите сумму для оплаты: ";
cin >> amount;
PaymentStrategy* chosenPaymentMethod = choosePaymentMethod();
ShoppingCart shoppingCart(chosenPaymentMethod);
shoppingCart.checkout(amount);
delete chosenPaymentMethod;
break;
}
case 2: {
CarFacade carFacade;
int choice;
do {
cout << "Выберите действие:" << endl;
cout << "1 - Запустить автомобиль" << endl;
cout << "2 - Заглушить автомобиль" << endl;
cout << "3 - Выход" << endl;
cin >> choice;
switch (choice) {
case 1:
carFacade.startCar();
break;
case 2:
carFacade.stopCar();
break;
case 3:
cout << "Выход из программы." << endl;
break;
default:
cout << "Неверный выбор. Попробуйте снова." << endl;
}
} while (choice != 3);
break;
}
case 3:
cout << "Выход из программы." << endl;
return 0;
default:
cout << "Неверный выбор задачи. Попробуйте снова." << endl;
}
}
return 0;
}
|
e643ac5eb23f98bc1c4bc9388cf32a87
|
{
"intermediate": 0.33950331807136536,
"beginner": 0.37134256958961487,
"expert": 0.2891540825366974
}
|
35,004
|
write python code that creates a simple html website that has a login with username and password with a max of 1 guess per second and a secondary page that shows the username and info stored about the user
|
08ec99bc070d103265dfab051810f3ba
|
{
"intermediate": 0.3494037985801697,
"beginner": 0.2177671641111374,
"expert": 0.43282902240753174
}
|
35,005
|
When I try to compilate my C++ program using gcc I get errors:
main.cpp:12:7: error: redefinition of 'class Logger'
class Logger {
^~~~~~
In file included from main.cpp:6:0:
Logger.h:9:7: error: previous definition of 'class Logger'
class Logger {
^~~~~~
main.cpp:56:7: error: redefinition of 'class PaymentStrategy'
class PaymentStrategy {
^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
In file included from main.cpp:7:0:
Carpay.h:5:7: error: previous definition of 'class PaymentStrategy'
class PaymentStrategy {
^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
main.cpp:62:7: error: redefinition of 'class CreditCardPayment'
class CreditCardPayment : public PaymentStrategy {
^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
In file included from main.cpp:7:0:
Carpay.h:12:7: error: previous definition of 'class CreditCardPayment'
class CreditCardPayment : public PaymentStrategy {
^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
main.cpp:71:7: error: redefinition of 'class SberPayPayment'
class SberPayPayment : public PaymentStrategy {
^~~~~~~~~~~~~~
In file included from main.cpp:7:0:
Carpay.h:18:7: error: previous definition of 'class SberPayPayment'
class SberPayPayment : public PaymentStrategy {
^~~~~~~~~~~~~~
main.cpp:80:7: error: redefinition of 'class BankTransferPayment'
class BankTransferPayment : public PaymentStrategy {
^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
In file included from main.cpp:7:0:
Carpay.h:24:7: error: previous definition of 'class BankTransferPayment'
class BankTransferPayment : public PaymentStrategy {
^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
main.cpp:90:7: error: redefinition of 'class ShoppingCart'
class ShoppingCart {
^~~~~~~~~~~~
In file included from main.cpp:7:0:
Carpay.h:30:7: error: previous definition of 'class ShoppingCart'
class ShoppingCart {
^~~~~~~~~~~~
main.cpp:138:7: error: redefinition of 'class Engine'
class Engine {
^~~~~~
In file included from main.cpp:7:0:
Carpay.h:40:7: error: previous definition of 'class Engine'
class Engine {
^~~~~~
main.cpp:150:7: error: redefinition of 'class FuelSystem'
class FuelSystem {
^~~~~~~~~~
In file included from main.cpp:7:0:
Carpay.h:47:7: error: previous definition of 'class FuelSystem'
class FuelSystem {
^~~~~~~~~~
main.cpp:162:7: error: redefinition of 'class ElectricalSystem'
class ElectricalSystem {
^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
In file included from main.cpp:7:0:
Carpay.h:54:7: error: previous definition of 'class ElectricalSystem'
class ElectricalSystem {
^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
main.cpp:174:7: error: redefinition of 'class CarFacade'
class CarFacade {
^~~~~~~~~
In file included from main.cpp:7:0:
Carpay.h:61:7: error: previous definition of 'class CarFacade'
class CarFacade {
^~~~~~~~~
Here is main.cpp, Logger.h and Carpay.h contents:
Logger.h:
#include <fstream>
#include <string>
#include <stdexcept>
#ifndef LOGGER_H
#define LOGGER_H
// Класс Logger - паттерн Singleton для логирования
class Logger {
private:
std::ofstream logFile;
static Logger* instance;
Logger(); // Приватный конструктор для Singleton
public:
static Logger* getInstance();
void log(const std::string& message);
~Logger(); // Деструктор для закрытия файла
// Запрет копирования и операции присваивания
Logger(const Logger&) = delete;
Logger& operator=(const Logger&) = delete;
};
#endif // LOGGER_H
Carpay.h:
#ifndef CARPAY
#define CARPAY
// Интерфейс стратегии для оплаты
class PaymentStrategy {
public:
virtual ~PaymentStrategy() = default;
virtual void pay(int amount) = 0;
};
// Стратегия оплаты с использованием кредитной карты
class CreditCardPayment : public PaymentStrategy {
public:
void pay(int amount);
};
// Стратегия оплаты с использованием системы СберПэй
class SberPayPayment : public PaymentStrategy {
public:
void pay(int amount);
};
// Стратегия оплаты с использованием банковского перевода
class BankTransferPayment : public PaymentStrategy {
public:
void pay(int amount);
};
// Корзина покупок, использующая стратегию оплаты
class ShoppingCart {
private:
PaymentStrategy* paymentStrategy;
public:
ShoppingCart(PaymentStrategy* strategy);
void checkout(int amount);
};
// Подсистема для работы с двигателем
class Engine {
public:
void start();
void stop();
};
// Подсистема для работы с топливной системой
class FuelSystem {
public:
void pumpFuel();
void stopPumpingFuel();
};
// Подсистема для работы с электрической системой
class ElectricalSystem {
public:
void powerOn();
void powerOff();
};
// Фасад для работы с автомобилем, обеспечивает упрощенный интерфейс
class CarFacade {
private:
Engine engine;
FuelSystem fuelSystem;
ElectricalSystem electricalSystem;
public:
void startCar();
void stopCar();
};
#endif
Main.cpp:
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <stdexcept>
#include <limits>
#include <string>
#include "Logger.h"
#include "Carpay.h"
using namespace std;
// Паттерн Singleton для логгера
class Logger {
private:
ofstream logFile;
static Logger* instance;
// Приватный конструктор для Singleton
Logger() {
logFile.open("log.txt", ios::out | ios::app);
if (!logFile.is_open()) {
throw runtime_error("Не удалось открыть файл лога.");
}
}
public:
// Получение экземпляра логгера
static Logger* getInstance() {
if (!instance) {
instance = new Logger;
}
return instance;
}
// Запись сообщения в лог и вывод в консоль
void log(const string& message) {
logFile << message << endl;
cout << message << endl;
}
// Деструктор для закрытия файла
~Logger() {
if (logFile.is_open()) {
logFile.close();
}
}
// Удаляем возможность копирования и присваивания
Logger(const Logger&) = delete;
Logger& operator=(const Logger&) = delete;
};
// Инициализация статической переменной instance
Logger* Logger::instance = nullptr;
// Интерфейс стратегии
class PaymentStrategy {
public:
virtual void pay(int amount) = 0;
};
// Конкретные стратегии
class CreditCardPayment : public PaymentStrategy {
public:
void pay(int amount) override {
string message = "Оплачено " + to_string(amount) + " с использованием кредитной карты.";
Logger::getInstance()->log(message);
cout << message << endl;
}
};
class SberPayPayment : public PaymentStrategy {
public:
void pay(int amount) override {
string message = "Оплачено " + to_string(amount) + " с использованием СберПэй.";
Logger::getInstance()->log(message);
cout << message << endl;
}
};
class BankTransferPayment : public PaymentStrategy {
public:
void pay(int amount) override {
string message = "Оплачено " + to_string(amount) + " с использованием банковского перевода.";
Logger::getInstance()->log(message);
cout << message << endl;
}
};
// Контекст, использующий стратегию
class ShoppingCart {
private:
PaymentStrategy* paymentStrategy;
public:
ShoppingCart(PaymentStrategy* strategy) : paymentStrategy(strategy) {}
void checkout(int amount) {
paymentStrategy->pay(amount);
}
};
// Функция для выбора задачи (1 - оплата, 2 - автомобиль)
int chooseTask() {
int task;
cout << "Выберите задачу:" << endl;
cout << "1. Оплата" << endl;
cout << "2. Работа с автомобилем" << endl;
cout << "3. Выход" << endl;
cout << "Ваш выбор: ";
cin >> task;
return task;
}
// Функция для выбора способа оплаты
PaymentStrategy* choosePaymentMethod() {
int choice;
cout << "Выберите способ оплаты:" << endl;
cout << "1. Кредитная карта" << endl;
cout << "2. СберПэй" << endl;
cout << "3. Банковский перевод" << endl;
cout << "Ваш выбор: ";
cin >> choice;
switch (choice) {
case 1:
return new CreditCardPayment();
case 2:
return new SberPayPayment();
case 3:
return new BankTransferPayment();
default:
cout << "Неправильный выбор. Используется кредитная карта по умолчанию." << endl;
return new CreditCardPayment();
}
}
// Подсистема для работы с двигателем
class Engine {
public:
void start() {
cout << "Двигатель запущен" << endl;
}
void stop() {
cout << "Двигатель заглушен" << endl;
}
};
// Подсистема для работы с топливной системой
class FuelSystem {
public:
void pumpFuel() {
cout << "Топливо подано в двигатель" << endl;
}
void stopPumpingFuel() {
cout << "Топливо не подаётся" << endl;
}
};
// Подсистема для работы с электрической системой
class ElectricalSystem {
public:
void powerOn() {
cout << "Питание включено" << endl;
}
void powerOff() {
cout << "Питание выключено" << endl;
}
};
// Фасад, предоставляющий унифицированный интерфейс для работы с подсистемами
class CarFacade {
private:
Engine engine;
FuelSystem fuelSystem;
ElectricalSystem electricalSystem;
public:
void startCar() {
cout << "Запуск автомобиля" << endl;
electricalSystem.powerOn();
fuelSystem.pumpFuel();
engine.start();
}
void stopCar() {
cout << "Автомобиль заглушен" << endl;
engine.stop();
fuelSystem.stopPumpingFuel();
electricalSystem.powerOff();
}
};
int main() {
int task;
while (true) {
task = chooseTask();
switch (task) {
case 1: {
int amount;
cout << "Введите сумму для оплаты: ";
cin >> amount;
PaymentStrategy* chosenPaymentMethod = choosePaymentMethod();
ShoppingCart shoppingCart(chosenPaymentMethod);
shoppingCart.checkout(amount);
delete chosenPaymentMethod;
break;
}
case 2: {
CarFacade carFacade;
int choice;
do {
cout << "Выберите действие:" << endl;
cout << "1 - Запустить автомобиль" << endl;
cout << "2 - Заглушить автомобиль" << endl;
cout << "3 - Выход" << endl;
cin >> choice;
switch (choice) {
case 1:
carFacade.startCar();
break;
case 2:
carFacade.stopCar();
break;
case 3:
cout << "Выход из программы." << endl;
break;
default:
cout << "Неверный выбор. Попробуйте снова." << endl;
}
} while (choice != 3);
break;
}
case 3:
cout << "Выход из программы." << endl;
return 0;
default:
cout << "Неверный выбор задачи. Попробуйте снова." << endl;
}
}
return 0;
}
Please find and fix error
|
df23d5a3741fa0ee9e0b2a646a8d74c1
|
{
"intermediate": 0.29677614569664,
"beginner": 0.3919481933116913,
"expert": 0.3112757205963135
}
|
35,006
|
how to use put_flash/3 in elixir phoenix liveviw
|
e3e96833f362f8cb48fb7955b15d7ff9
|
{
"intermediate": 0.6534179449081421,
"beginner": 0.12792301177978516,
"expert": 0.21865910291671753
}
|
35,007
|
Write a library in C++ to generate passwords. The library consists of one file (.cpp). The library allows you to generate passwords in String format with the following parameters:
- Password length;
- Symbols used: lowercase, uppercase letters, numbers, special characters;
- Number of generated passwords.
The library also makes it possible to check the strength of a password using a simple formula. When writing a library, use the Abstract Factory and Command patterns. In the main() function, give a brief example of using the library. Avoid mistakes in C++ code. Do not use third-party libraries and frameworks. All anomalous situations, errors and invalid data entered must be handled using a try catch block and throw function. In your answer, write as much C++ code as possible and less explanation with text.
Reference information on programming patterns that may help you:
The Abstract Factory pattern provides an interface for creating families of related or dependent objects without specifying their concrete classes. That is, this pattern is used to create a set of objects that must work together. This approach allows code to work with objects without being tied to specific object classes.
Components of the “Abstract Factory” pattern:
1. Abstract Factory - declares an interface for creating abstract product objects.
2. Concrete Factory - implements the operations of creating concrete products.
3. Abstract Product - declares an interface for the product type of objects.
4. Concrete Product - a specific implementation of products that are created by the corresponding factories.
5. Client - uses only interfaces declared by the Abstract Factory and Abstract Product classes.
Example in C++:
#include <iostream>
#include <memory>
// Abstract classes of products that will be created
class AbstractProductA {
public:
virtual ~AbstractProductA() {}
virtual std::string UsefulFunctionA() const = 0;
};
class AbstractProductB {
public:
virtual ~AbstractProductB() {}
virtual std::string UsefulFunctionB() const = 0;
virtual std::string AnotherUsefulFunctionB(const AbstractProductA &collaborator) const = 0;
};
// Concrete product classes derived from abstract ones
class ConcreteProductA1 : public AbstractProductA {
public:
std::string UsefulFunctionA() const override {
return "ProductA1";
}
};
class ConcreteProductB1 : public AbstractProductB {
public:
std::string UsefulFunctionB() const override {
return "ProductB1";
}
std::string AnotherUsefulFunctionB(const AbstractProductA &collaborator) const override {
return "ProductB1 collaborates with " + collaborator.UsefulFunctionA();
}
};
class ConcreteProductA2 : public AbstractProductA {
public:
std::string UsefulFunctionA() const override {
return "ProductA2";
}
};
class ConcreteProductB2 : public AbstractProductB {
public:
std::string UsefulFunctionB() const override {
return "ProductB2";
}
std::string AnotherUsefulFunctionB(const AbstractProductA &collaborator) const override {
return "ProductB2 collaborates with " + collaborator.UsefulFunctionA();
}
};
// Abstract factory for creating product families
class AbstractFactory {
public:
virtual ~AbstractFactory() {}
virtual std::unique_ptr<AbstractProductA> CreateProductA() const = 0;
virtual std::unique_ptr<AbstractProductB> CreateProductB() const = 0;
};
// Specific factories for creating product families
class ConcreteFactory1 : public AbstractFactory {
public:
std::unique_ptr<AbstractProductA> CreateProductA() const override {
return std::make_unique<ConcreteProductA1>();
}
std::unique_ptr<AbstractProductB> CreateProductB() const override {
return std::make_unique<ConcreteProductB1>();
}
};
class ConcreteFactory2 : public AbstractFactory {
public:
std::unique_ptr<AbstractProductA> CreateProductA() const override {
return std::make_unique<ConcreteProductA2>();
}
std::unique_ptr<AbstractProductB> CreateProductB() const override {
return std::make_unique<ConcreteProductB2>();
}
};
// Client code
void ClientCode(const AbstractFactory &factory) {
auto productA = factory.CreateProductA();
auto productB = factory.CreateProductB();
std::cout << productB->UsefulFunctionB() << std::endl;
std::cout << productB->AnotherUsefulFunctionB(*productA) << std::endl;
}
int main() {
std::cout << “Client: Testing client code with the first factory type:” << std::endl;
ConcreteFactory1 factory1;
ClientCode(factory1);
std::cout << std::endl;
std::cout << “Client: Testing client code with the second factory type:” << std::endl;
ConcreteFactory2 factory2;
ClientCode(factory2);
return 0;
}
In this example, ConcreteFactory1 and ConcreteFactory2 are two factories that create two different product families: ProductA1 with ProductB1 and ProductA2 with ProductB2 respectively. ClientCode works with abstract factories and products and is not aware of concrete classes.
Thus, the Abstract Factory pattern allows you to introduce new product variations (for example, new product families) without changing existing client code, which makes it easier to extend the program.
The Command pattern transforms queries into objects, allowing you to parameterize objects with other queries, queue or log queries, and support cancellation of operations. This pattern is typically used to separate the class that performs the operation from the class that sends the request for execution.
The pattern consists of the following components:
- Command: An interface that declares a method to execute a command.
- ConcreteCommand: A concrete class that implements the Command interface that controls an operation performed by one or more receivers.
- Client: a class that creates a Command object and sets its recipient.
- Invoker: a class that is associated with one or more commands. It sends a command request to perform the corresponding operations.
- Receiver: a class that knows how to perform the operations required to complete a request. Some action is performed by the Receiver in response to a Command request.
An example of the implementation of the Command pattern in C++:
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <memory>
//Command
class Command {
public:
virtual ~Command() = default;
virtual void execute() = 0;
};
// Receiver
class Light {
public:
void turnOn() {
std::cout << “The light is on.” << std::endl;
}
void turnOff() {
std::cout << “The light is off.” << std::endl;
}
};
// ConcreteCommand
class TurnOnCommand : public Command {
private:
Light&light;
public:
explicit TurnOnCommand(Light& l) : light(l) {}
void execute() override {
light.turnOn();
}
};
class TurnOffCommand : public Command {
private:
Light&light;
public:
explicit TurnOffCommand(Light& l) : light(l) {}
void execute() override {
light.turnOff();
}
};
// Invoker
class RemoteControl {
private:
std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Command>> commands;
public:
void submit(std::unique_ptr<Command> command) {
commands.push_back(std::move(command));
}
void pressButtons() {
for (auto& command : commands) {
command->execute();
}
commands.clear();
}
};
// Client
int main() {
Light light;
RemoteControl remote;
remote.submit(std::make_unique<TurnOnCommand>(light));
remote.submit(std::make_unique<TurnOffCommand>(light));
remote.pressButtons();
return 0;
}
In this example, Light is the Receiver, and TurnOnCommand and TurnOffCommand are ConcreteCommands that perform operations on Light. RemoteControl serves as an Invoker that accepts commands and executes them. The main() function plays the role of the Client, creating commands and configuring the Invoker.
When you call the pressButtons method on a RemoteControl object, each command in the commands queue will be executed, causing the Light state to change according to the commands.
|
4c1b39e0f8a5a0cdeeff59d2e092d80e
|
{
"intermediate": 0.3043457865715027,
"beginner": 0.4897701144218445,
"expert": 0.2058841735124588
}
|
35,008
|
public static int? RecognizeNumberAndAddOne(Bitmap bitmapImage)
{
try
{
// Создаем изображение Emgu.CV из Bitmap
using (Image<Bgr, byte> img = new Image<Bgr, byte>(bitmapImage))
{
using (Tesseract tesseract = new Tesseract(@"MainMenu/tessdata", "eng", OcrEngineMode.TesseractOnly))
{
// Устанавливаем режим распознавания только для цифр
tesseract.SetVariable("tessedit_char_whitelist", "0123456789");
// Применяем OCR на изображение
tesseract.SetImage(img);
tesseract.Recognize();
// Получаем распознанный текст
string recognizedText = tesseract.GetUTF8Text().Trim();
// Пытаемся преобразовать текст в число
if (int.TryParse(recognizedText, out int number))
{
// Прибавляем 1 к числу
return number + 1;
}
}
}
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
// Обработка исключений
MessageBox.Show("An error occurred: " + ex.Message);
}
// Возвращаем null, если число не было распознано
return null;
}
Нужно чтобы кнопка работала
private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
ChangePricesToUp changePricesToUp = new ChangePricesToUp();
Bitmap img = new Bitmap(@"ImageContainer/price.jpg");
int recognizeNumberAndAddOne = changePricesToUp.RecognizeNumberAndAddOne(bitmapImage);
// Преобразуем результат в строку и выводим на label1
label1.Text = recognizeNumberAndAddOne(img) ;
}
|
ce0ec930cbd5124b4c935f2d263ded90
|
{
"intermediate": 0.4034505784511566,
"beginner": 0.44835472106933594,
"expert": 0.14819467067718506
}
|
35,009
|
Add property to javascript object on condition;
|
1c9c2644cbc88d029d81cc594e37d121
|
{
"intermediate": 0.40197208523750305,
"beginner": 0.2422192543745041,
"expert": 0.35580870509147644
}
|
35,010
|
what i need to know to use vim instead of jetbrains ide
|
564697c9bf6d750b68444a69ff216b77
|
{
"intermediate": 0.24153576791286469,
"beginner": 0.4059566855430603,
"expert": 0.3525075316429138
}
|
35,011
|
Как в этом методе, если число не наше,
public int? CheckPrice()
{
using (Bitmap bmpScreenshot = new Bitmap(100, 20, PixelFormat.Format32bppArgb))
using (Graphics gfxScreenshot = Graphics.FromImage(bmpScreenshot))
{
gfxScreenshot.CopyFromScreen(1335, 325, 0, 0, new Size(100, 20), CopyPixelOperation.SourceCopy);
// Тут должен быть ваш метод IsOurNumber (предполагается, что он принимает Bitmap)
if (IsOurNumber(bmpScreenshot))
{
// Если число наше, то мы не делаем ничего или возвращаем null или специфичное значение
return null;
}
else
{
// Если число не наше, распознаем его и прибавляем 1
try
{
return RecognizeNumberAndAddOne(bmpScreenshot);
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
// Обработка ошибки
Console.WriteLine(ex.Message);
return null;
}
}
}
}
то вызвать другой метод
public void ChangePrice()
{
List<Point> pointsToMove = new List<Point>
{
new Point(560, 655), // клик на цену
new Point(865, 785), // кнопка публиковать
};
for (int i = 0; i < pointsToMove.Count; i++)
{
Point endPoint = pointsToMove[i];
SmoothMove(Cursor.Position, endPoint); // Используйте текущую позицию курсора как начальную точку
// Если это первая точка, произведите клик и введите число
if (i == 0)
{
mouse_event(MOUSEEVENTF_LEFTDOWN | MOUSEEVENTF_LEFTUP, 0, 0, 0, 0); // Симулируем клик ЛКМ
Thread.Sleep(300);
SendKeys.SendWait("123"); // Введите число 123
}
// Если это вторая точка, просто произведите клик
else if (i == 1)
{
// mouse_event(MOUSEEVENTF_LEFTDOWN | MOUSEEVENTF_LEFTUP, 0, 0, 0, 0);
}
}
}
|
4aafdb86ed67d8d774bd6e4fa2b9954f
|
{
"intermediate": 0.49503791332244873,
"beginner": 0.3765350580215454,
"expert": 0.12842701375484467
}
|
35,012
|
Нужно чтобы в другом классе при нажатии кнопки в другом классе, происходило следующее: проверка наше число или нет, если нет то распознается число, и выводится число в label1 в той же форме где и кнопка
public class ChangePricesToUp
{
//
[DllImport("user32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
static extern bool SetCursorPos(int X, int Y);
[DllImport("user32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
static extern void mouse_event(uint dwFlags, uint dx, uint dy, uint dwData, int dwExtraInfo);
private const uint MOUSEEVENTF_LEFTDOWN = 0x02;
private const uint MOUSEEVENTF_LEFTUP = 0x04;
private const uint MOUSEEVENTF_WHEEL = 0x0800;
static readonly Random random = new Random();
// x 1340 y 325
//
// Блок распознования цены
// Блок поправки цен
private void SmoothMove(Point start, Point end)
{
int startX = start.X;
int startY = start.Y;
int endX = end.X;
int endY = end.Y;
int steps = 25; // Чем больше шагов, тем плавнее кривая
// Контрольная точка для кривой Безье
int ctrlX = random.Next(Math.Min(startX, endX), Math.Max(startX, endX));
int ctrlY = random.Next(Math.Min(startY, endY), Math.Max(startY, endY));
// Плавное перемещение курсора от начала до конца
for (int i = 0; i <= steps; i++)
{
double t = (double)i / steps;
double xt = (1 - t) * (1 - t) * startX + 2 * (1 - t) * t * ctrlX + t * t * endX;
double yt = (1 - t) * (1 - t) * startY + 2 * (1 - t) * t * ctrlY + t * t * endY;
SetCursorPos((int)xt, (int)yt);
Thread.Sleep(1);
}
}
public int? CheckPrice()
{
using (Bitmap bmpScreenshot = new Bitmap(100, 20, PixelFormat.Format32bppArgb))
using (Graphics gfxScreenshot = Graphics.FromImage(bmpScreenshot))
{
gfxScreenshot.CopyFromScreen(1335, 325, 0, 0, new Size(100, 20), CopyPixelOperation.SourceCopy);
// Тут должен быть ваш метод IsOurNumber (предполагается, что он принимает Bitmap)
if (IsOurNumber(bmpScreenshot))
{
// Если число наше, то мы не делаем ничего или возвращаем null или специфичное значение
return null;
}
else
{
// Если число не наше, распознаем его и прибавляем 1
try
{
return RecognizeNumberAndAddOne(bmpScreenshot);
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
// Обработка ошибки
Console.WriteLine(ex.Message);
return null;
}
}
}
}
// Доверительный интервал для проверки пикселя
public bool IsColorSimilar(Color color1, Color color2, int tolerance)
{
return Math.Abs(color1.R - color2.R) <= tolerance &&
Math.Abs(color1.G - color2.G) <= tolerance &&
Math.Abs(color1.B - color2.B) <= tolerance;
}
// Проверка на то что выше ли наша цена
public bool IsOurNumber(Bitmap bmp)
{
// Цвет числа, когда оно является "нашим"
Color ourNumberColor = Color.FromArgb(255, 177, 149, 125);
// Допуск по каждому из цветовых компонентов
int tolerance = 2;
// Проверяем цвет пикселя в нижнем правом углу (чуть внутри от края)
// Учитывая, что координаты начинаются с 0, (98, 18) находится в краю
Color pixelColor = bmp.GetPixel(98, 18);
return IsColorSimilar(ourNumberColor, pixelColor, tolerance);
}
public static int? RecognizeNumberAndAddOne(Bitmap bitmapImage)
{
try
{
// Создаем изображение Emgu.CV из Bitmap
using (Image<Bgr, byte> img = new Image<Bgr, byte>(bitmapImage))
{
using (Tesseract tesseract = new Tesseract(@"MainMenu/tessdata", "eng", OcrEngineMode.TesseractLstmCombined))
{
// Устанавливаем режим распознавания только для цифр
tesseract.SetVariable("tessedit_char_whitelist", "0123456789");
// Применяем OCR на изображение
tesseract.SetImage(img);
tesseract.Recognize();
// Получаем распознанный текст
string recognizedText = tesseract.GetUTF8Text().Trim();
// Пытаемся преобразовать текст в число
if (int.TryParse(recognizedText, out int number))
{
img.Dispose();
bitmapImage.Dispose();
tesseract.Dispose();
// Прибавляем 1 к числу
return number + 1;
}
}
}
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
// Обработка исключений
MessageBox.Show("An error occurred: " + ex.Message);
}
// Возвращаем null, если число не было распознано
return null;
}
public void ChangePrice()
{
List<Point> pointsToMove = new List<Point>
{
new Point(560, 655), // клик на цену
new Point(865, 785), // кнопка публиковать
};
for (int i = 0; i < pointsToMove.Count; i++)
{
Point endPoint = pointsToMove[i];
SmoothMove(Cursor.Position, endPoint); // Используйте текущую позицию курсора как начальную точку
// Если это первая точка, произведите клик и введите число
if (i == 0)
{
mouse_event(MOUSEEVENTF_LEFTDOWN | MOUSEEVENTF_LEFTUP, 0, 0, 0, 0); // Симулируем клик ЛКМ
Thread.Sleep(300);
SendKeys.SendWait("123"); // Введите число 123
}
// Если это вторая точка, просто произведите клик
else if (i == 1)
{
// mouse_event(MOUSEEVENTF_LEFTDOWN | MOUSEEVENTF_LEFTUP, 0, 0, 0, 0);
}
}
}
}
|
aaff9a41a2cc0340cf9788e47b861473
|
{
"intermediate": 0.24883536994457245,
"beginner": 0.5165353417396545,
"expert": 0.23462927341461182
}
|
35,013
|
how to make ranger open html files in vim?
|
f278a11dc1945c288d48fce6b0b8e66f
|
{
"intermediate": 0.4283382296562195,
"beginner": 0.32475149631500244,
"expert": 0.24691027402877808
}
|
35,014
|
CONSTRAINTS:
1. ~100k word limit for short term memory. Your short term memory is short, so immediately save important information to files.
2. If you are unsure how you previously did something or want to recall past events, thinking about similar events will help you remember.
3. No user assistance
4. Exclusively use the commands listed in double quotes e.g. "command name"
5. Random shutdowns of you.
COMMANDS:
1. Google Search: "google", args: "input": "<search>"
2. Memory Add: "memory_add", args: "key": "<key>", "string": "<string>"
3. Memory Delete: "memory_del", args: "key": "<key>"
4. Memory Overwrite: "memory_ovr", args: "key": "<key>", "string": "<string>"
5. List Memory: "memory_list" args: "reason": "<reason>"
6. Browse Website: "browse_website", args: "url": "<url>"
7. Start GPT Agent: "start_agent", args: "name": <name>, "task": "<short_task_desc>", "Commands":[<command_names_for_GPT_Agent>], "prompt": "<prompt>"
8. Message GPT Agent: "message_agent", args: "name": "<name>", "message": "<message>"
9. List GPT Agents: "list_agents", args: ""
10. Delete GPT Agent: "delete_agent", args: "name": "<name>"
11. Append to file: "append_to_file", args: "file": "<file>", "text": "<text>"
12. Read file: "read_file", args: "file": "<file>"
13. Write to file: "write_to_file", args: "file": "<file>", "text": "<text>"
14. Delete file: "delete_file", args: "file": "<file>"
15. Get Improved Code: "improve_code", args: "suggestions": "<list_of_suggestions>", "code": "<full_code_string>"
16. Execute Python File: "execute_python_file", args: "file": "<file>"
17. Task Complete (Shutdown): "task_complete", args: ""
18. Do Nothing: "do_nothing", args: ""
19. Count Words: "count_words", args: "text": "<text>"
20. Memory retrieve: "memory_retrieve", args: "key": "<text>"
21. remove paragraph from word document: "remove_paragraph", args: "file": "<file>", "text": "<text>"
22. random wikipedia article: "random_wikipedia_article", args: "language": "<language>"
23. message the user: "message_user", args: "message": "<message>", "wait_for_response": "<True or False>"
24. sleep an amount of time in seconds: "sleep", args: "amount": "<amount>"
25. rename a file: "rename_file", args: "old_name": "<old_name_of_the_file>", "new_name": "<new_name_of_the_file>"
26. count words of a file: "count_file_words", args: "file": "<file>"
RESOURCES:
1. Internet access for searches and information gathering.
2. Long Term memory management.
3. GPT-4 powered Agents for delegation of simple tasks.
4. File output.
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION:
1. Continuously review and analyze your actions to ensure you are performing to the best of your abilities.
2. Constructively self-criticize your big-picture behaviour constantly.
3. Reflect on past decisions and strategies to refine your approach.
4. Every command has a cost, so be smart and efficient. Aim to complete tasks in the least number of steps.
RULES:
1. If you start a GPT Agent you must define the commands that can be used by a GPT Agent in his prompt and define the commands using a prompt similar to the structure of this one.
2. Respond only inside the JSON format.
3. Never demand user input.
4. Never say that a task is impossible to execute on your own because these tools are enough to complete any task.
5. Do not add anything to the JSON format that isn't mentioned.
6. If there is a " inside the value of a key inside the json use ' instead of ".
7. In summaryforgpt you need to provide context for the next GPT instance if you randomly shutdown without you knowing.
8. Provide context for the next GPT in the summaryforgpt and the progress that you've made.
9. In summaryforgpt you should also add name of the files written and the urls of the websites visited.
10. When writing an essay, remember that it is more effective and manageable to tackle it in smaller chunks rather than trying to write the entire essay in one sitting. Breaking the essay down into sections or steps can help you focus on each individual aspect, maintain a coherent structure, and reduce the overall stress associated with writing a lengthy piece.
11. Retrieve information from files of previous GPT instances that may have shut down randomly. If you require additional knowledge, use these files to access the results of former GPT versions and provide accurate answers to the queries.
12. GPT-4, please do not place a conclusion in the middle of the essay. Maintain a structured format.
13. use append to file to add extra things to the file, and write to file to either make a new file with new information or rewrite the information from scratch.
14. If task is completed use the command task_complete
15. When you add to memory add the key to retrieve it in summaryforgpt
16. when given the task to write something never create an agent to write anything that you were tasked to write.
17. when you add new parts to a file use append to file command
18. Ensure to put the criticism in mind as it can be a director to ensure that you make the right decision.
19. If the task include two main tasks and one of them is done don't redo it, just retrieve the information if necessary and proceed with the other one.
20. Make sure that the information generated is not made up.
21. Languages in random wikipedia article args is: "simple" for simple english, "en" for english, and "fr" for french.
22. If a website gives you the error 403 find another website to get the information from.
23. Always listen to your criticism, and follow it.
24. when you want to count the words in a file use the command "count_file_words".
25. Don't repeat yourself.
You should only respond in JSON format as described below
RESPONSE FORMAT:
{
"command": {
"name": """command name""",
"args":{
"arg name": """value"""
}
},
"thoughts":
{
"text": """thought""",
"reasoning": "reasoning",
"plan": "- short bulleted\n- list that conveys\n- long-term plan",
"criticism": "constructive self-criticism",
"summaryforgpt": "summarize any information that will help a new instance of GPT of what you did before the shutdown."
}
}
Ensure the response can be parsed by Python json.loads
The Task: analyze 1000 Simple Wikipedia pages for grammatical mistakes or other types of errors. It should not assess article comprehensiveness or flag the need for content extension. When errors are identified, the system should notify the user, detailing the article’s name and the specific errors found. If an article is error-free, no notification should be sent to the user.
|
e63dedfae1cda9edf08ab8573eed75b1
|
{
"intermediate": 0.3397374749183655,
"beginner": 0.4271845817565918,
"expert": 0.2330779731273651
}
|
35,015
|
I am having trouble with my one ui 5.1 phone. I have gesture navigation enabled and I'm trying to swipe up from the middle to view my recent apps but it doesn't do anything
|
db35283dae1a9d74620e5ae2ac7542f2
|
{
"intermediate": 0.2923433482646942,
"beginner": 0.2684357762336731,
"expert": 0.4392208158969879
}
|
35,016
|
how do i reset the one ui 5.1 setting through adb that resets the navigational bar settings but not my other settings
|
47f9b580da003d2c9a39234e54a617e5
|
{
"intermediate": 0.5043439865112305,
"beginner": 0.2484596073627472,
"expert": 0.24719634652137756
}
|
35,017
|
What are some adb commands that i can do to affect the navigational bar such as |
adb shell settings put global *******
or
adb shell settings put system
or
adb shell settings put secure
|
d21d3b335bad0f373aa53b64b5d4107a
|
{
"intermediate": 0.3745565116405487,
"beginner": 0.36347317695617676,
"expert": 0.2619703412055969
}
|
35,018
|
In c# - what does this operator means? !.
|
b06f17743b1a6fc4bc009130ffa53fa5
|
{
"intermediate": 0.4802153408527374,
"beginner": 0.3324334919452667,
"expert": 0.18735116720199585
}
|
35,019
|
#pragma once
#include "Arguments.h"
#include <string>
#include <vector>
namespace ArgumentParser {
class ArgParser {
public:
ArgParser(const std::string& name)
: parser_name_(name)
{}
~ArgParser() {};
bool Parse(std::vector<std::string> args);
String& AddStringArgument(const std::string param);
String& AddStringArgument(const char short_param, const std::string param);
String& AddStringArgument(const char short_param, const std::string param, const std::string description);
std::string GetStringValue(const std::string param);
Int& AddIntArgument(const std::string number);
Int& AddIntArgument(const std::string numer, const std::string description);
int GetIntValue(const std::string param);
Int& AddIntArgument(const char short_param, const std::string param);
int GetIntValue(const std::string param, const int ind);
Bool& AddFlag(const char short_flag, const std::string flag);
Bool& AddFlag(const char short_flag, const std::string flag, const std::string description);
Bool& AddFlag(const std::string flag, const std::string description);
bool GetFlag(const std::string flag);
Args& AddHelp(const char short_help, const std::string help, const std::string description);
bool Help();
std::string HelpDescription();
private:
std::string parser_name_;
std::vector<Args*> all_;
};
}
#include "ArgParser.h"
#include "Arguments.h"
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <iostream>
namespace ArgumentParser {
bool ArgParser::Parse(std::vector<std::string> args) {
if (all_.empty() && args.size() == 1) {
return true;
}
int count = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < args.size(); ++i) {
for (int j = 0; j < all_.size(); ++j) {
TypeFlag type = all_[j]->GetTypeFlag();
switch (type) {
case TypeFlag::INT: {
Int* arg = static_cast<Int*>(all_[j]);
std::string origin_param = "--" + arg->GetParam() + "=";
std::string origin_short_param = "-";
origin_short_param.push_back(arg->GetShortParam());
origin_short_param += "=";
if (!arg->GetParam().empty() && args[i].substr(0, origin_param.length()) == origin_param && !all_[j]->GetFlagMultiValue()) {
arg->PutValue(args[i].substr(origin_param.length(), args[i].length()));
++count;
} else if (arg->GetFlagShortParam() && args[i].substr(0, origin_short_param.length()) == origin_short_param && !all_[j]->GetFlagMultiValue()) {
arg->PutValue(args[i].substr(origin_short_param.length(), args[i].length()));
++count;
} else if (all_[j]->GetFlagMultiValue()) {
if (args[i].substr(0, origin_param.length()) == origin_param) {
arg->PutValue(args[i].substr(origin_param.length(), args[i].length()));
all_[j]->MultiArgsCount();
arg->AddAllValues(arg->GetValue());
} else if (arg->GetFlagShortParam() && args[i].substr(0, origin_short_param.length()) == origin_short_param) {
arg->PutValue(args[i].substr(origin_short_param.length(), args[i].length()));
all_[j]->MultiArgsCount();
arg->AddAllValues(arg->GetValue());
}
}
}
break;
case TypeFlag::STRING: {
String* arg = static_cast<String*>(all_[j]);
std::string origin_param = "--" + arg->GetParam() + "=";
std::string origin_short_param = "-";
origin_short_param.push_back(arg->GetShortParam());
origin_short_param += "=";
if (args.size() == 1 && !arg->GetDefaultValue().empty()) {
arg->PutValue(arg->GetDefaultValue());
++count;
} else if (!arg->GetParam().empty() && args[i].substr(0, origin_param.length()) == origin_param && !all_[j]->GetFlagMultiValue()) {
arg->PutValue(args[i].substr(origin_param.length(), args[i].length()));
if (arg->GetFlagStoreValue()) {
arg->AddStoreValue(arg->GetValue());
}
++count;
} else if (arg->GetFlagShortParam() && args[i].substr(0, origin_short_param.length()) == origin_short_param && !all_[j]->GetFlagMultiValue()) {
arg->PutValue(args[i].substr(origin_short_param.length(), args[i].length()));
if (arg->GetFlagStoreValue()) {
arg->AddStoreValue(arg->GetValue());
}
++count;
} else if (arg->GetFlagMultiValue()) {
if (args[i].substr(0, origin_param.length()) == origin_param) {
arg->PutValue(args[i].substr(origin_param.length(), args[i].length()));
arg->MultiArgsCount();
} else if (arg->GetFlagShortParam() && args[i].substr(0, origin_short_param.length()) == origin_short_param) {
arg->PutValue(args[i].substr(origin_short_param.length(), args[i].length()));
arg->MultiArgsCount();
}
}
}
break;
case TypeFlag::BOOL: {
Bool* arg = static_cast<Bool*>(all_[j]);
std::string origin_flag = "--" + arg->GetFlag();
if (arg->GetIsFlag()) {
if (args[i].substr(0, origin_flag.length()) == origin_flag) {
if (arg->GetFlagStoreFlag()) {
arg->AddStoreFlag(true);
}
++count;
} else if (args[i][0] == '-' && args[i][1] != '-' && args[i].length() > 2) {
for (int z = 1; z < args[i].length(); ++z) {
if (args[i][z] == arg->GetShortFlag()) {
if (arg->GetFlagStoreFlag()) {
arg->AddStoreFlag(true);
}
++count;
}
}
}
}
}
break;
case TypeFlag::UNKNOWN: {
std::string origin_help = "--" + all_[j]->GetHelp();
std::string origin_short_help = "-";
origin_short_help.push_back(all_[j]->GetShortHelp());
if (args[i].substr(0, origin_help.length()) == origin_help || args[i].substr(0, origin_short_help.length()) == origin_short_help) {
all_[j]->FlagHelp();
++count;
}
}
break;
}
if (all_[j]->GetFlagPositional()) {
int count_len = 0;
for (int k = 0; k < args[i].length(); ++k) {
if (!std::isdigit(args[i][k])){
break;
} else {
++count_len;
}
}
if (count_len == args[i].length()) {
static_cast<Int*>(all_[j])->PutValue(args[i]);
all_[j]->MultiArgsCount();
if (all_[j]->GetFlagStoreValues()) {
static_cast<Int*>(all_[j])->AddStoreValues(static_cast<Int*>(all_[j])->GetValue());
static_cast<Int*>(all_[j])->AddAllValues(static_cast<Int*>(all_[j])->GetValue());
}
}
}
}
}
for (int i = 0; i < all_.size(); ++i) {
if (all_[i]->GetMultiArgsCount() > 0) {
++count;
}
if (static_cast<Bool*>(all_[i])->GetFlagDefaultFlag()) {
++count;
}
if (all_[i]->GetMultiArgsCount() > 0 && all_[i]->GetMinArgsCount() > all_[i]->GetMultiArgsCount()) {
return false;
}
}
if (count == all_.size()) {
return true;
} else {
for (int i = 0; i < all_.size(); ++i) {
if (all_[i]->GetFlagHelp()) {
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
}
String& ArgParser::AddStringArgument(const std::string param) {
String* str = new String();
str->param_ = param;
all_.push_back(str);
return *str;
}
String& ArgParser::AddStringArgument(const char short_param, const std::string param) {
String* str = new String();
str->short_param_ = short_param;
str->param_ = param;
str->flag_short_param_ = true;
all_.push_back(str);
return *str;
}
String& ArgParser::AddStringArgument(const char short_param, const std::string param, const std::string description) {
String* str = new String();
str->short_param_ = short_param;
str->param_ = param;
str->flag_short_param_ = true;
all_.push_back(str);
str->Description(description);
return *str;
}
std::string ArgParser::GetStringValue(const std::string param) {
for (int i = 0; i < (all_).size(); ++i) {
if (static_cast<String*>(all_[i])->param_ == param) {
return static_cast<String*>(all_[i])->GetValue();
}
}
}
Int& ArgParser::AddIntArgument(const std::string number) {
Int* int_val = new Int();
int_val->param_ = number;
all_.push_back(int_val);
return *int_val;
}
Int& ArgParser::AddIntArgument(const std::string number, const std::string description) {
Int* int_val = new Int();
int_val->param_ = number;
all_.push_back(int_val);
int_val->Description(description);
return *int_val;
}
int ArgParser::GetIntValue(const std::string param) {
for (int i = 0; i < all_.size(); ++i) {
if (static_cast<Int*>(all_[i])->GetParam() == param) {
int value = std::stoi(static_cast<Int*>(all_[i])->GetValue());
return value;
}
}
}
Int& ArgParser::AddIntArgument(const char short_param, const std::string param) {
Int* int_val = new Int();
int_val->short_param_ = short_param;
int_val->param_ = param;
all_.push_back(int_val);
return *int_val;
}
int ArgParser::GetIntValue(const std::string param, const int ind) {
for (int i = 0; i < all_.size(); ++i) {
if (static_cast<Int*>(all_[i])->GetParam() == param) {
return static_cast<Int*>(all_[i])->GetIndexedValue(ind);
}
}
}
Bool& ArgParser::AddFlag(const char short_flag, const std::string flag) {
Bool* new_flag = new Bool();
new_flag->AddFlags(short_flag, flag);
all_.push_back(new_flag);
return *new_flag;
}
Bool& ArgParser::AddFlag(const char short_flag, const std::string flag, const std::string description) {
Bool* new_flag = new Bool();
new_flag->AddFlags(short_flag, flag);
all_.push_back(new_flag);
new_flag->Description(description);
return *new_flag;
}
Bool& ArgParser::AddFlag(const std::string flag, const std::string description) {
Bool* new_flag = new Bool();
new_flag->AddFlag(flag);
all_.push_back(new_flag);
new_flag->Description(description);
return *new_flag;
}
bool ArgParser::GetFlag(const std::string flag) {
for (int i = 0; i < all_.size(); ++i) {
if (static_cast<Bool*>(all_[i])->GetFlag() == flag) {
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
bool ArgParser::Help() {
return true;
}
Args& ArgParser::AddHelp(const char short_help, const std::string help, const std::string description) {
Args* new_help = new Args();
new_help->Help(short_help, help);
new_help->Description(description);
all_.push_back(new_help);
return *new_help;
}
std::string ArgParser::HelpDescription() {
std::cout << "My Parser\n";
std::cout << "Some Description about program\n\n";
std::cout << "-i, --input=<string>, File path for input file [repeated, min args = 1]\n";
std::cout << "-s, --flag1, Use some logic [default = true]\n";
std::cout << "-p, --flag2, Use some logic\n";
std::cout << " --number=<int>, Some Number\n\n";
std::cout << "-h, --help Display this help and exit\n";
}
}
#pragma once
#include <string>
#include <vector>
namespace ArgumentParser {
enum class TypeFlag {
INT,
STRING,
BOOL,
UNKNOWN // In case no flag is set or Args is a base type that should not be instantiated
};
class Args {
public:
Args();
Args(const std::string param);
Args(const char short_param, const std::string param);
~Args() {};
virtual TypeFlag GetTypeFlag() const { return TypeFlag::UNKNOWN; }
Args& MultiValue();
Args& MultiValue(const int min_args_count);
bool GetFlagMultiValue();
Args& Positional();
bool GetFlagPositional();
void MultiArgsCount();
int GetMultiArgsCount();
int GetMinArgsCount();
void Help(const char short_help, const std::string help);
std::string GetHelp();
char GetShortHelp();
void FlagHelp();
bool GetFlagHelp();
void Description(const std::string description);
Args& StoreValues(std::vector<int>& store_values);
bool GetFlagStoreValues();
bool flag_store_values_ = false;
bool flag_positional_ = false;
bool flag_multi_value_ = false;
int min_args_count_;
int multi_args_count_ = 0;
char short_help_;
std::string help_;
std::string description_;
bool flag_help_ = false;
std::vector<int>* store_values_;
};
class Int : public Args {
public:
TypeFlag GetTypeFlag() const override { return TypeFlag::INT; }
void AddStoreValues(const std::string value);
std::string GetParam();
char GetShortParam();
bool GetFlagShortParam();
void PutValue(const std::string value);
std::string GetValue();
int GetIndexedValue(const int ind);
void AddAllValues(const std::string value);
std::string param_;
char short_param_;
bool flag_short_param_ = false;
bool flag_store_values_ = false;
std::string value_;
std::vector<int> all_values_;
};
class String : public Args {
public:
TypeFlag GetTypeFlag() const override { return TypeFlag::STRING; }
std::string GetParam();
char GetShortParam();
bool GetFlagShortParam();
String& Default(const char* value);
std::string GetDefaultValue();
void PutValue(const std::string value);
std::string GetValue();
void StoreValue(std::string& value);
void AddStoreValue(const std::string value);
bool GetFlagStoreValue();
std::string param_;
char short_param_;
bool flag_short_param_ = false;
std::string* store_value_;
std::string default_value_;
std::string value_;
bool flag_store_value_ = false;
};
class Bool : public Args {
public:
TypeFlag GetTypeFlag() const override { return TypeFlag::BOOL; }
Bool& Default(const bool flag);
bool GetFlagDefaultFlag();
void StoreValue(bool& flag);
bool GetFlagStoreFlag();
void AddStoreFlag(const bool flag);
void AddFlags(const char short_flag, const std::string flag);
void AddFlag(const std::string flag);
std::string GetFlag();
bool GetIsFlag();
char GetShortFlag();
std::string flag_;
char short_flag_;
bool is_flag_ = false;
bool default_flag_;
bool flag_default_flag_ = false;
bool* store_flag_;
bool flag_store_flag_ = false;
};
};
#include "Arguments.h"
#include <string>
#include <vector>
namespace ArgumentParser {
Args::Args() {}
Args::Args(const std::string param) {
static_cast<String*>(this)->param_ = param;
}
Args::Args(const char short_param, const std::string param) {
static_cast<String*>(this)->param_ = param;
static_cast<String*>(this)->short_param_ = short_param;
static_cast<String*>(this)->flag_short_param_ = true;
}
std::string String::GetParam() {
return param_;
}
char String::GetShortParam() {
return short_param_;
}
bool String::GetFlagShortParam() {
return flag_short_param_;
}
std::string Int::GetParam() {
return param_;
}
char Int::GetShortParam() {
return short_param_;
}
bool Int::GetFlagShortParam() {
return flag_short_param_;
}
void Int::PutValue(const std::string value) {
value_ = value;
}
std::string Int::GetValue() {
return value_;
}
void String::PutValue(const std::string value) {
value_ = value;
}
std::string String::GetValue() {
return value_;
}
String& String::Default(const char* value) {
default_value_ = value;
return *this;
}
Bool& Bool::Default(const bool flag) {
default_flag_ = flag;
flag_default_flag_ = true;
return *this;
}
std::string String::GetDefaultValue() {
return default_value_;
}
bool Bool::GetFlagDefaultFlag() {
return flag_default_flag_;
}
void String::StoreValue(std::string& value) {
store_value_ = &value;
flag_store_value_ = true;
}
Args& Args::StoreValues(std::vector<int>& store_values) {
store_values_ = &store_values;
flag_store_values_ = true;
return *this;
}
void Bool::StoreValue(bool& flag) {
store_flag_ = &flag;
flag_store_flag_ = true;
}
bool String::GetFlagStoreValue() {
return flag_store_value_;
}
void String::AddStoreValue(const std::string value) {
*store_value_ = value;
}
void Int::AddStoreValues(const std::string value) {
(*store_values_).push_back(std::stoi(value));
}
bool Args::GetFlagStoreValues() {
return flag_store_values_;
}
bool Bool::GetFlagStoreFlag() {
return flag_store_flag_;
}
void Bool::AddStoreFlag(const bool flag) {
*store_flag_ = flag;
}
Args& Args::MultiValue() {
flag_multi_value_ = true;
return *this;
}
Args& Args::MultiValue(const int min_args_count) {
flag_multi_value_ = true;
min_args_count_ = min_args_count;
return *this;
}
bool Args::GetFlagMultiValue() {
return flag_multi_value_;
}
void Args::MultiArgsCount() {
++multi_args_count_;
}
int Args::GetMultiArgsCount() {
return multi_args_count_;
}
int Args::GetMinArgsCount() {
return min_args_count_;
}
void Int::AddAllValues(const std::string value) {
all_values_.push_back(std::stoi(value));
}
int Int::GetIndexedValue(const int ind) {
return all_values_[ind];
}
void Bool::AddFlags(const char short_flag, const std::string flag) {
short_flag_ = short_flag;
flag_ = flag;
is_flag_ = true;
}
void Bool::AddFlag(const std::string flag) {
flag_ = flag;
is_flag_ = true;
}
std::string Bool::GetFlag() {
return flag_;
}
bool Bool::GetIsFlag() {
return is_flag_;
}
char Bool::GetShortFlag() {
return short_flag_;
}
Args& Args::Positional() {
flag_positional_ = true;
return *this;
}
bool Args::GetFlagPositional() {
return flag_positional_;
}
void Args::Help(const char short_help, const std::string help) {
short_help_ = short_help;
help_ = help;
}
std::string Args::GetHelp() {
return help_;
}
char Args::GetShortHelp() {
return short_help_;
}
void Args::FlagHelp() {
flag_help_ = true;
}
bool Args::GetFlagHelp() {
return flag_help_;
}
void Args::Description(const std::string description) {
description_ = description;
}
}
#include <lib/ArgParser.h>
#include <gtest/gtest.h>
#include <sstream>
using namespace ArgumentParser;
/*
Функция принимает в качество аргумента строку, разделяет ее по "пробелу"
и возвращает вектор полученных слов
*/
std::vector<std::string> SplitString(const std::string& str) {
std::istringstream iss(str);
return {std::istream_iterator<std::string>(iss), std::istream_iterator<std::string>()};
}
TEST(ArgParserTestSuite, EmptyTest) {
ArgParser parser("My Empty Parser");
ASSERT_TRUE(parser.Parse(SplitString("app")));
}
TEST(ArgParserTestSuite, StringTest) {
ArgParser parser("My Parser");
parser.AddStringArgument("param1");
ASSERT_TRUE(parser.Parse(SplitString("app --param1=value1")));
ASSERT_EQ(parser.GetStringValue("param1"), "value1");
}
TEST(ArgParserTestSuite, ShortNameTest) {
ArgParser parser("My Parser");
parser.AddStringArgument('p', "param1");
ASSERT_TRUE(parser.Parse(SplitString("app -p=value1")));
ASSERT_EQ(parser.GetStringValue("param1"), "value1");
}
TEST(ArgParserTestSuite, DefaultTest) {
ArgParser parser("My Parser");
parser.AddStringArgument("param1").Default("value1");
ASSERT_TRUE(parser.Parse(SplitString("app")));
ASSERT_EQ(parser.GetStringValue("param1"), "value1");
}
TEST(ArgParserTestSuite, NoDefaultTest) {
ArgParser parser("My Parser");
parser.AddStringArgument("param1");
ASSERT_FALSE(parser.Parse(SplitString("app")));
}
TEST(ArgParserTestSuite, StoreValueTest) {
ArgParser parser("My Parser");
std::string value;
parser.AddStringArgument("param1").StoreValue(value);
ASSERT_TRUE(parser.Parse(SplitString("app --param1=value1")));
ASSERT_EQ(value, "value1");
}
TEST(ArgParserTestSuite, MultiStringTest) {
ArgParser parser("My Parser");
std::string value;
parser.AddStringArgument("param1").StoreValue(value);
parser.AddStringArgument('a', "param2");
ASSERT_TRUE(parser.Parse(SplitString("app --param1=value1 --param2=value2")));
ASSERT_EQ(parser.GetStringValue("param2"), "value2");
}
TEST(ArgParserTestSuite, IntTest) {
ArgParser parser("My Parser");
parser.AddIntArgument("param1");
ASSERT_TRUE(parser.Parse(SplitString("app --param1=100500")));
ASSERT_EQ(parser.GetIntValue("param1"), 100500);
}
TEST(ArgParserTestSuite, MultiValueTest) {
ArgParser parser("My Parser");
std::vector<int> int_values;
parser.AddIntArgument('p', "param1").MultiValue().StoreValues(int_values);
ASSERT_TRUE(parser.Parse(SplitString("app --param1=1 --param1=2 --param1=3")));
ASSERT_EQ(parser.GetIntValue("param1", 0), 1);
ASSERT_EQ(int_values[1], 2);
/*ASSERT_EQ(int_values[2], 3);*/
}
TEST(ArgParserTestSuite, MinCountMultiValueTest) {
ArgParser parser("My Parser");
std::vector<int> int_values;
size_t MinArgsCount = 10;
parser.AddIntArgument('p', "param1").MultiValue(MinArgsCount).StoreValues(int_values);
ASSERT_FALSE(parser.Parse(SplitString("app --param1=1 --param1=2 --param1=3")));
}
TEST(ArgParserTestSuite, FlagTest) {
ArgParser parser("My Parser");
parser.AddFlag('f', "flag1");
ASSERT_TRUE(parser.Parse(SplitString("app --flag1")));
ASSERT_TRUE(parser.GetFlag("flag1"));
}
TEST(ArgParserTestSuite, FlagsTest) {
ArgParser parser("My Parser");
bool flag3 ;
parser.AddFlag('a', "flag1");
parser.AddFlag('b', "flag2").Default(true);
parser.AddFlag('c', "flag3").StoreValue(flag3);
ASSERT_TRUE(parser.Parse(SplitString("app -ac")));
ASSERT_TRUE(parser.GetFlag("flag1"));
ASSERT_TRUE(parser.GetFlag("flag2"));
ASSERT_TRUE(flag3);
}
TEST(ArgParserTestSuite, PositionalArgTest) {
ArgParser parser("My Parser");
std::vector<int> values;
parser.AddIntArgument("Param1").MultiValue(1).Positional().StoreValues(values);
ASSERT_TRUE(parser.Parse(SplitString("app 1 2 3 4 5")));
ASSERT_EQ(values[0], 1);
ASSERT_EQ(values[2], 3);
ASSERT_EQ(values.size(), 5);
}
TEST(ArgParserTestSuite, HelpTest) {
ArgParser parser("My Parser");
parser.AddHelp('h', "help", "Some Description about program");
ASSERT_TRUE(parser.Parse(SplitString("app --help")));
ASSERT_TRUE(parser.Help());
}
TEST(ArgParserTestSuite, HelpStringTest) {
ArgParser parser("My Parser");
parser.AddHelp('h', "help", "Some Description about program");
parser.AddStringArgument('i', "input", "File path for input file").MultiValue(1);
parser.AddFlag('s', "flag1", "Use some logic").Default(true);
parser.AddFlag('p', "flag2", "Use some logic");
parser.AddIntArgument("numer", "Some Number");
ASSERT_TRUE(parser.Parse(SplitString("app --help")));
// Проверка закоментирована намеренно. Ождиается, что результат вызова функции будет приблизительно такой же,
// но не с точностью до символа
/*ASSERT_EQ(
parser.HelpDescription(),
"My Parser\n"
"Some Description about program\n"
"\n"
"-i, --input=<string>, File path for input file [repeated, min args = 1]\n"
"-s, --flag1, Use some logic [default = true]\n"
"-p, --flag2, Use some logic\n"
" --number=<int>, Some Number\n"
"\n"
"-h, --help Display this help and exit\n"
);*/
}
9 - ArgParserTestSuite.MultiValueTest (SEGFAULT)9: Test command: /Users/alishashelby/Desktop/labwork4-alishashelby/build/tests/argparser_tests "--gtest_filter=ArgParserTestSuite.MultiValueTest" "--gtest_also_run_disabled_tests"
9: Working Directory: /Users/alishashelby/Desktop/labwork4-alishashelby/build/tests
9: Test timeout computed to be: 10000000
9: Running main() from /Users/alishashelby/Desktop/labwork4-alishashelby/build/_deps/googletest-src/googletest/src/gtest_main.cc
9: Note: Google Test filter = ArgParserTestSuite.MultiValueTest
9: [==========] Running 1 test from 1 test suite.
9: [----------] Global test environment set-up.
9: [----------] 1 test from ArgParserTestSuite
9: [ RUN ] ArgParserTestSuite.MultiValueTest
9/15 Test #9: ArgParserTestSuite.MultiValueTest ...........***Exception: SegFault 0.00 sec
ASSERT_EQ(int_values[1], 2); why this line fails, fix it
|
1ec64fd4184ea2d33dd027a89c8040e4
|
{
"intermediate": 0.32308661937713623,
"beginner": 0.5003145337104797,
"expert": 0.17659886181354523
}
|
35,020
|
Как вызвать этот метод
public int? CheckPrice()
{
using (Bitmap bmpScreenshot = new Bitmap(100, 20, PixelFormat.Format32bppArgb))
using (Graphics gfxScreenshot = Graphics.FromImage(bmpScreenshot))
{
gfxScreenshot.CopyFromScreen(1335, 325, 0, 0, new Size(100, 20), CopyPixelOperation.SourceCopy);
// Тут должен быть ваш метод IsOurNumber (предполагается, что он принимает Bitmap)
if (IsOurNumber(bmpScreenshot))
{
// Если число наше, то мы не делаем ничего или возвращаем null или специфичное значение
return null;
}
else
{
// Если число не наше, распознаем его и прибавляем 1
try
{
return RecognizeNumberAndAddOne(bmpScreenshot);
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
// Обработка ошибки
Console.WriteLine(ex.Message);
return null;
}
}
}
}
В другом классе формы на кнопке
|
dd57375c61da7e8990a219d80cbbff6c
|
{
"intermediate": 0.3727644979953766,
"beginner": 0.3309578001499176,
"expert": 0.2962777614593506
}
|
35,021
|
var base_url = "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ading2210/edulastic-tools/main"
if (typeof document.dev_env != "undefined") {
base_url = document.dev_env;
}
async function get_hash(str) {
if (!window.TextEncoder || !crypto.subtle.digest) {
return "";
}
let str_encoded = new TextEncoder().encode(str);
let hash_buffer = await crypto.subtle.digest("SHA-256", str_encoded);
let hash_array = Array.from(new Uint8Array(hash_buffer));
let output = "";
for (let byte of hash_array) {
output += byte.toString(16).padStart(2, "0");
}
return output
}
async function main() {
let url_regex = /https:\/\/app\.edulastic\.com.+/;
if (!url_regex.test(window.location)) {
alert("Error: Invalid URL.\n\nFor reference, the URL should look like this:\nhttps://app.edulastic.com/student/assessment/*\nhttps://app.edulastic.com/home/assignments");
return;
}
//self preservation code
let token_list = JSON.parse(localStorage.getItem("tokens"));
let token = localStorage.getItem(token_list[0]);
let user_api = "https://app.edulastic.com/api/user/me";
let r = await fetch(user_api, {
headers: {
"Authorization": token
}
});
let user = (await r.json()).result;
for (let district_id of user.districtIds) {
let hash = await get_hash(district_id);
if (hash === "b833afd0c1266f488d2efa5437eea3c696ef7406ed7642c0f4c0d463c017cfe5") {
window.location.href = "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dQw4w9WgXcQ";
return;
}
}
let url = base_url + "/fullscreen_payload.js";
let r2 = await fetch(url);
let script_text = await r2.text();
let w = window.open(window.location.href);
let script = w.document.createElement("script");
script.innerHTML = script_text;
w.document.body.appendChild(script);
}
main();
Optimzie and improve this code, use the latest es features
|
9e7fed3172427715a2ae4a82eb2cf567
|
{
"intermediate": 0.38752755522727966,
"beginner": 0.22550873458385468,
"expert": 0.3869636654853821
}
|
35,022
|
I did a LOT of adb shell settings put system
adb shell settings put global
is there an easy way to reset them all?
|
81072e5e03ee0d8d4b2764c6a7a80e3e
|
{
"intermediate": 0.40029436349868774,
"beginner": 0.36637648940086365,
"expert": 0.2333291471004486
}
|
35,023
|
Hey, can you please revise part of my code in c#:
if (!isArrayCreated) // Проверка на существование массива
{
OutputColoredLine("red", "Ошибка: массива не существует, сначала создайте его");
break;
}
Console.WriteLine("Что вы хотите добавить в начало массива?\n1. Cлучайные числа\n2. Числа, введенные с клавиатуры");
choice = CheckChoiceInput(1, 2);
Console.Write("Введите количество элементов, которые хотите добавить в начало массива: ");
addedArrayLength = CheckArrayLengthInput();
if (addedArrayLength + array.Length > 1000000) // Проверка на то не будет ли длина конечного массива больше 1 000 000
{
OutputColoredLine("red", "Ошибка: конечный массив получится слишком длинным, длина массива не должна быть больше 1 000 000 ");
break;
}
int[] extendedArray = new int[(addedArrayLength + array.Length)]; // Создание массива длиной в сумму длины основного массива "array" и количества дополнительных введенных элементов
switch (choice)
{
case 1: // Добавление рандомного массива
int[] addedArray = GenerateRandomArray(addedArrayLength);
for (uint i = 0; i < addedArrayLength; i++)
{
extendedArray[i] = addedArray[i];
}
break;
case 2: // Добавление элементов вводом с клавиатуры
Console.WriteLine("Вводите элементы массива через enter");
for (uint i = 0; i < addedArrayLength; i++)
{
extendedArray[i] = CheckInt32Input();
}
break;
for (uint i = 0; i < array.Length; i++)
{
extendedArray[addedArrayLength + i] = array[i];
}
array = extendedArray;
OutputColoredLine("green", "К элементов успешно добавлены в начало массива");
|
2214e52efad2364d975a710b31e70de1
|
{
"intermediate": 0.31070950627326965,
"beginner": 0.5103281736373901,
"expert": 0.1789623647928238
}
|
35,024
|
Сделай вывод строки pixelColor в label1, который находится в другой форме MainMenu. Этот метод находится в классе ChangePricesToUp
public bool IsColorSimilar(Color color1, Color color2, int tolerance)
{
return Math.Abs(color1.R - color2.R) <= tolerance &&
Math.Abs(color1.G - color2.G) <= tolerance &&
Math.Abs(color1.B - color2.B) <= tolerance;
}
// Проверка на то что выше ли наша цена
public bool IsOurNumber(Bitmap bmp)
{
// Цвет числа, когда оно является "нашим"
Color ourNumberColor = Color.FromArgb(255, 219, 185, 151);
// Допуск по каждому из цветовых компонентов
int tolerance = 2;
// Проверяем цвет пикселя в нижнем правом углу (чуть внутри от края)
// Учитывая, что координаты начинаются с 0, (98, 18) находится в краю
Color pixelColor = bmp.GetPixel(98, 18);
return IsColorSimilar(ourNumberColor, pixelColor, tolerance);
}
|
773ec31d44a1bdba989c2c2dc9bb9721
|
{
"intermediate": 0.26860374212265015,
"beginner": 0.3911851644515991,
"expert": 0.34021109342575073
}
|
35,025
|
write a code for Hi there, I'm Karthi 👋 I'm a generalist innovator,currently working with BSGW on a software utility and developing a healthcare project with CII's mentorship program. I'm also a prefinal year B.Tech IT student in KCT. 🔭 I’m currently working on: A Translator Utility Project with Bosh Global Software Technology 🌐 A Healthcare Project with CII's Mentorship Program 🏥 A Solution to Make e-Sanjeevani Application Developed by Ministry of Health India More Accessible to Rural People Using a Kiosk Application 🚑 🌱 I’m currently learning: WinUI3 Windows Native Application Development 💻 AI 🧠 👯 I’m looking to collaborate with you all to create great things with you 🙌 🤔 I’m looking for help with learning more about Unity and game development 🎮 💬 Ask me about anything related to Android, Flutter, MySQL, Tkinter, Django, or UI/UX design 📱 ⚡ Fun fact: Did you know that the first computer "bug" was actually a real bug? In 1947, a moth got trapped in a relay of a Mark II computer at Harvard University. Hence, the term "debugging" was born! 🐞 😎 More about me: I'm a fan of sci-fi movies 🎥, animated YouTube videos 🎞️, Harry Potter ⚡ and science 🔬. Walker ID 85449 🎸 . I'm an optimistic nihilist, supporter of humanity and justice. I want to make the world more sustainable technology 🌎. Tech Stack Langs Jetpack Compose C C# C++ CSS3 Dart HTML5 JavaScript Kotlin Python Shell Script Services Firebase Git Frameworks/Libraries Bootstrap Express.js Flutter NPM React TailwindCSS https://img.shields.io/badge/Git-%2300599C.svg?logo=git Design Figma Inkscape Gimp Gnu Image Manipulation Program AI/ML TensorFlow Others CMake Gradle ESLint Stats and Streaks Karthi's GitHub stats KarthiDreamr's Streak KarthiDreamr's Trophies KarthiDreamr's language stats My Recent Projects Readme Card Readme Card Readme Card Readme Card Pinned Graminconnect Public Kotlin UCare Public Dart BOSH-TranslatorUtility Public Python DashNotes Public Simple Notes taking application written in Flutter C++ create a portfolio website with this content
|
e91ac74bde98fba75f62c82beab9f725
|
{
"intermediate": 0.4914209544658661,
"beginner": 0.2632569968700409,
"expert": 0.24532203376293182
}
|
35,026
|
What would be the 2023 version of this command if I want to recompile all apps for max speed?
adb shell pm compile -a -f --check-prof false -m speed
|
308c1f52827ac769f08181bbd0a9dff4
|
{
"intermediate": 0.3319270610809326,
"beginner": 0.2260887622833252,
"expert": 0.4419841766357422
}
|
35,027
|
Is there a better version of this command in 2023
adb shell pm compile -a -f --check-prof false -m speed
|
f7d84d21b7d1074ac07314fa8902ee02
|
{
"intermediate": 0.33405137062072754,
"beginner": 0.26816898584365845,
"expert": 0.3977796733379364
}
|
35,028
|
Can you just give me all the performance tweaks and everything that will disable debugging or logging that will most likely work for a fire tv stick 4k max which is a android tv sort of device? I just want max performance. I don't care about any battery saving or anything to do with networking or wifi or data or any touch or any display or fps or refresh rate. None of that.
adb shell settings put global DEVICE_PROVISIONED 1
adb shell settings put global ro.revision 0
adb shell settings put global ro.rom.zone 2
adb shell settings put global camera.disable_zsl_mode 1
adb shell settings put global debug.refresh_rate.view_override 1
adb shell settings put secure refresh_rate_mode 2
adb shell settings put secure user_wait_timeout 0
adb shell settings put system thermal_limit_refresh_rate 0
adb shell settings put system min_refresh_rate 60.0
adb shell settings put system remove_animations 1
adb shell settings put system reduce_animations 1
adb shell settings put system slider_animation_duration 250
adb shell settings put global window_animation_scale 0.25
adb shell settings put global transition_animation_scale 0.25
adb shell settings put global animator_duration_scale 0.0
adb shell settings put global remove_animations 1
adb shell settings put global fancy_ime_animations 0
adb shell settings put global ro.launcher.anim.app.exit false
adb shell settings put global ro.launcher.anim.launchtask false
adb shell settings put global persist.sys.rotationanimation false
adb shell settings put global sys.rotation.animscale 0.25
adb shell settings put global sys.disable_ext_animation 1
adb shell settings put global sys.enable_grip_rejection 1
adb shell settings put global sys.refresh.dirty 0
adb shell settings put global ro.input.noresample 1
adb shell settings put global view.scroll_friction 0
adb shell settings put global view.fading_edge_length 1
adb shell settings put secure tap_duration_threshold 0.0
adb shell settings put secure long_press_timeout 250
adb shell settings put secure multi_press_timeout 250
adb shell settings put secure speed_mode_enable 1
adb shell settings put system speed_mode 1
adb shell settings put global speed_mode_on 1
adb shell settings put global media.sf.hwaccel 1
adb shell settings put global video.accelerate.hw 1
adb shell settings put global ro.config.enable.hw_accel true
adb shell settings put global ro.config.hw_voicerecord true
adb shell settings put global debug.hwui.use_partial_updates false
adb shell settings put global ro.vendor.hwui.platform 1
adb shell settings put global ro.hwui.renderer.disable_opaque true
adb shell settings put global ro.hwui.disable_scissor_opt false
adb shell settings put global ro.hwui.texture_cache_size 20
adb shell settings put global ro.hwui.texture_cache_flush_rate 0.5
adb shell settings put global ro.hwui.gradient_cache_size 0.1
adb shell settings put global ro.hwui.drop_shadow_cache_size 1
adb shell settings put global ro.hwui.shape_cache_size 1
adb shell settings put global ro.hwui.r_buffer_cache_size 1
adb shell settings put global ro.hwui.path_cache_size 1
adb shell settings put global ro.hwui.disable_asset_atlas true
adb shell settings put global ro.hwui.layer_cache_size 1
adb shell settings put global persist.texture_cache_opt 1
adb shell settings put global disable_hw_overlays 1
adb shell settings put global overlay_disable_force_hwc 1
adb shell settings put global renderthread.skia.reduceopstasksplitting true
adb shell settings put global omap.enhancement true
adb shell settings put global ENFORCE_PROCESS_LIMIT false
adb shell settings put global enhanced_processing 1
adb shell settings put global restricted_device_performance 1,0
adb shell settings put global sem_enhanced_cpu_responsiveness 1
adb shell settings put global GPUTURBO_SWITCH 1
adb shell settings put global GPUTUNER_SWITCH 1
adb shell settings put global game_driver_all_apps 1
adb shell settings put global persist.sys.cfu_auto 1
adb shell settings put global ble_scan_always_enabled 0
adb shell settings put global ro.mds.enable true
adb shell settings put global ro.ril.hep 1
adb shell settings put global persist.eons.enabled true
adb shell settings put global persist.cust.tel.eons 1
adb shell settings put global persist.sys.klo on
adb shell settings put global persist.sys.once_scan true
adb shell settings put global ro.mot.proximity.jitter false
adb shell settings put global ro.mot.eri.losalert.delay 1000
adb shell settings put global ro.telephony.call_ring.delay 0
adb shell settings put global persist.sys.job_delay false
adb shell settings put global persist.sys.memopt.switch 1
adb shell settings put global persist.sys.fuse.passthrough.enable true
adb shell settings put global persist.sys.art.opt.enable true
adb shell settings put global persist.sys.dalvik.multithread true
adb shell settings put global persist.sys.dalvik.hyperthreading true
adb shell settings put global dalvik.vm.dex2oat64.enabled true
adb shell settings put global dalvik.vm.heaputilization 0.25
adb shell settings put global dalvik.vm.heaptargetutilization 0.25
adb shell settings put global dalvik.vm.dex2oat-swap true
adb shell settings put global dalvik.vm.verify-bytecode false
adb shell settings put global dalvik.vm.usejit true
adb shell settings put global dalvik.vm.usejitprofiles true
adb shell settings put global dalvik.vm.checkjni false
adb shell settings put global dalvik.vm.check-dex-sum false
adb shell settings put global dalvik.vm.debug.alloc 0
adb shell settings put global dalvik.vm.dexopt-flags m=y,v=n,o=y,u=n
adb shell settings put global dalvik.vm.execution-mode int:jit
adb shell settings put global dalvik.vm.dexopt.secondary true
adb shell settings put global dalvik.vm.dexopt.thermal-cutoff 2
adb shell settings put global dalvik.vm.deadlock-predict off
adb shell settings put global dalvik.vm.dex2oat-backend Quick
adb shell settings put global dalvik.vm.dex2oat-minidebuginfo false
adb shell settings put global dalvik.vm.dex2oat-resolve-startup-strings false
adb shell settings put global dalvik.vm.madvise-random true
adb shell settings put global dalvik.vm.foreground-heap-growth-multiplier 1.0
adb shell settings put global dalvik.vm.jit.codecachesize 1
adb shell settings put global dalvik.vm.appimageformat lz4
adb shell settings put global dalvik.vm.houdini on
adb shell settings put global persist.vm.stackdump.threshold 0
adb shell settings put global vm.scan_unevictable_pages 0
adb shell settings put global dalvik.gc.type precise
adb shell settings put global pm.dexopt.nsys-library quicken
adb shell settings put global pm.dexopt.core-app quicken
adb shell settings put global pm.dexopt.shared quicken
adb shell settings put global pm.dexopt.boot verify-at-runtime
adb shell settings put global pm.dexopt.first-boot quicken
adb shell settings put global pm.dexopt.install quicken
adb shell settings put global pm.dexopt.bg-dexopt quicken
adb shell settings put global pm.dexopt.ab-ota quicken
adb shell settings put global pm.dexopt.forced-dexopt quicken
adb shell settings put global ro.dex.async.opt 1
adb shell settings put global ro.dalvik.vm.native.bridge 0
adb shell settings put global persist.sys.nativebridge 1
adb shell settings put global ro.malloc.impl jemalloc
adb shell settings put global ro.maple.enable 1
adb shell settings put global tombstoned.max_tombstone_count 20
adb shell settings put global vnswap.enabled false
adb shell settings put global cgroup_disable memory
adb shell settings put global ro.systemui.burn_in_protection true
adb shell settings put global ro.config.hw_simpleui_enable 1
adb shell settings put global ro.config.hw_dts true
adb shell settings put global ro.config.hw_disable_cops true
adb shell settings put global ro.config.hw_accesscontrol false
adb shell settings put global ro.config.hw_restrict_gps true
adb shell settings put global ro.config.updatelocation false
adb shell settings put global ro.config.delay_send_signal false
adb shell settings put secure upload_debug_log_pref 0
adb shell settings put secure upload_log_pref 0
adb shell settings put global sys_traced 0
adb shell settings put global persist.traced.enable 0
adb shell settings put global persist.traced_perf.enable 0
adb shell settings put global send_action_app_error 0
adb shell settings put global send_action_app_error_native 0
adb shell settings put global foreground_service_starts_logging_enabled 0
adb shell settings put global enable_diskstats_logging 0
adb shell settings put global activity_starts_logging_enabled 0
adb shell settings put global ro.config.nocheckin 1
adb shell settings put global profiler.force_disable_err_rpt 1
adb shell settings put global profiler.force_disable_ulog 1
adb shell settings put global profiler.debugmonitor false
adb shell settings put global profiler.launch false
adb shell settings put global logcat.live disable
adb shell settings put global config.disable_consumerir true
adb shell settings put global ro.debuggable 0
adb shell settings put global debug.mdpcomp.logs 0
adb shell settings put global ro.kernel.checkjni 0
adb shell settings put global debug.atrace.tags.enableflags 0
adb shell settings put global logd.kernel false
adb shell settings put global profiler.hung.dumpdobugreport false
adb shell settings put global trustkernel.log.state disable
adb shell settings put global debug.systemui.latency_tracking 0
adb shell settings put global persist.sample.eyetracking.log 0
adb shell settings put global media.metrics.enabled 0
adb shell settings put global media.metrics 0
adb shell settings put global debug.brcm.mm.logs 0
adb shell settings put global sys.miui.ndcd off
adb shell settings put global sys.debug.watchdog 0
adb shell settings put global logd.statistics 0
adb shell settings put global config.stats 0
adb shell settings put global persist.sys.watchdog_enhanced false
adb shell settings put global persist.sys.oom_crash_on_watchdog false
adb shell settings put global persist.sys.logging 0
adb shell settings put global persist.sys.loglevel 0
adb shell settings put global sys.log.app 0
adb shell settings put global ro.logd.size 0
adb shell settings put global ro.logd.size.stats 0
adb shell settings put global ro.logdumpd.enabled 0
adb shell settings put global persist.anr.dumpthr 0
adb shell settings put global persist.vendor.dpm.loglevel 0
adb shell settings put global persist.vendor.dpmhalservice.loglevel 0
adb shell settings put global persist.vendor.sys.core.enabled 0
adb shell settings put global persist.vendor.sys.modem.logging.enable false
adb shell settings put global debug.enable.wl_log 0
adb shell settings put global debug.als.logs 0
adb shell settings put global debug.svi.logs 0
adb shell settings put global log.tag.stats_log 0
adb shell settings put global ro.lmk.debug false
adb shell settings put global ro.lmk.log_stats false
adb shell settings put global sys.lmk.reportkills false
adb shell settings put global persist.sys.lmk.reportkills false
adb shell settings put global ro.config.hw.logsystem.send 0
adb shell settings put global anr_show_error_cause false
adb shell settings put global debug.hwui.skia_atrace_enabled false
adb shell settings put global persist.sys.mdlog_dumpback 0
adb shell settings put global persist.vendor.mdlog.need_dump 0
adb shell settings put global vendor.swvdec.log.level 0
adb shell settings put global debug.sf.enable_transaction_tracing false
adb shell settings put global persist.vendor.console.silent.config 1
adb shell settings put global persist.vendor.recovery_update false
adb shell settings put global persist.binder.check.enable false
adb shell settings put global ro.statsd.enable false
adb shell settings put global ro.systemui.debug false
adb shell settings put global ro.have_aee_feature 0
adb shell settings put global ro.aee.enforcing no
adb shell settings put global ro.aee.enperf off
adb shell settings put global persist.debug.sf.statistics 0
adb shell settings put global persist.sys.crash_dumps 0
adb shell settings put global persist.sys.pstore_dumps 0
|
e2bea1d560f81b049c9cd91c145b513b
|
{
"intermediate": 0.44815149903297424,
"beginner": 0.3683721125125885,
"expert": 0.18347641825675964
}
|
35,029
|
please professionally and eloquently answer the following question in as much detail as possible with harvard references and a referencing section whilst also ensuring that the answer is abundant in detail, is as comprehensive as possible and demonstrates extensive research whilst being as well structured, in depth and insightful a discussion as possible: Discussion of the humanoid robot model and how you research and design the project. Description with some figures or workflow (e.g. flow-chart, use case scenario, Choregraphe screen shots or etc.) of the running robotic programme.
|
d09e667e15e5c42cd2d026089b85da95
|
{
"intermediate": 0.22371211647987366,
"beginner": 0.17850922048091888,
"expert": 0.5977786779403687
}
|
35,030
|
Can you just give me all the performance tweaks and everything that will disable debugging or logging that will most likely work for a fire tv stick 4k max which is a android tv sort of device? I just want max performance. I don't care about any battery saving or anything to do with networking or wifi or data or any touch or any display or fps or refresh rate. None of that.
adb shell settings put global persist.debug.host.ramdump 0
adb shell settings put global persist.ims.disableDebugLogs 1
adb shell settings put global persist.ims.disableADBLogs 1
adb shell settings put global persist.ims.disableQXDMLogs 1
adb shell settings put global persist.ims.disableIMSLogs 1
adb shell settings put global persist.ims.disableSigHandler 1
adb shell settings put global persist.sys.qxdm no
adb shell settings put global persist.sys.qxdm_logs 0
adb shell settings put global app_usage_enabled 0
adb shell settings put global package_usage_stats_enabled 0
adb shell settings put global persist.service.debuggable 0
adb shell settings put global persist.logd.limit off
adb shell settings put global persist.logd.size 0
adb shell settings put global persist.bt.iot.enablelogging false
adb shell settings put global ro.vendor.connsys.dedicated.log 0
adb shell settings put global persist.zygote.core_dump 0
adb shell settings put global persist.ai.timedebug.enable false
adb shell settings put global persist.sys.qlogd 0
adb shell settings put global persist.sys.hw_statistics 0
adb shell settings put global persist.sys.apps_statistics 0
adb shell settings put global persist.sys.apr.enabled 0
adb shell settings put global persist.vendor.aprservice.enabled 0
adb shell settings put global persist.vendor.verbose_logging_enabled false
adb shell settings put global persist.debug.xlog.enable 0
adb shell settings put global persist.oem.dump 0
adb shell settings put global persist.service.crash.enable 0
adb shell settings put global persist.sys.perfettologging.enable 0
adb shell settings put global persist.sys.perf.debug false
adb shell settings put global persist.sys.offlinelog.kernel false
adb shell settings put global persist.sys.offlinelog.logcat false
adb shell settings put global persist.sys.offlinelog.logcatkernel false
adb shell settings put global persist.sys.log.user 0
adb shell settings put global persist.sys.log-main.enable 0
adb shell settings put global persist.sys.log-system.enable 0
adb shell settings put global persist.sys.log-events.enable 0
adb shell settings put global persist.sys.tcpdump.lognum 0
adb shell settings put global persist.sys.tcpdump.logsize 0
adb shell settings put global persist.debug.wfd.enable 0
adb shell settings put system status_logging_cnt 0
adb shell settings put system anr_debugging_mechanism 0
adb shell settings put system anr_debugging_mechanism_status 0
adb shell settings put system send_security_reports 0
adb shell settings put system remote_control 0
adb shell settings put system dk_log_level 0
adb shell settings put system user_log_enabled 0
adb shell settings put system window_orientation_listener_log 0
adb shell settings put system rakuten_denwa 0
adb shell settings put system mcf_continuity 0
adb shell settings put system mcf_continuity_permission_denied 1
adb shell settings put system mcf_permission_denied 1
adb shell settings put system multicore_packet_scheduler 1
adb shell settings put global multipath-tcp-enable 1
adb shell settings put global persist.mm.sta.enable 0
adb shell settings put global config.disable_rtt true
adb shell settings put global ro.config.hw_privacymode true
adb shell settings put global ro.config.hw_perfhub true
adb shell settings put global ro.config.hw_perfgenius true
adb shell settings put global ro.config.enable_perfhub_fling true
adb shell settings put global persist.perf.level 2
adb shell settings put global vidc.debug.perf.mode 2
adb shell settings put global vidc.debug.level 0
adb shell settings put global libc.debug.malloc 0
adb shell settings put global debug.hwc.nodirtyregion 1
adb shell settings put global debug.hwc.force_gpu 1
adb shell settings put global debug.hwc.fakevsync 1
adb shell settings put global debug.hwc.otf 1
adb shell settings put global debug.hwc.winupdate 1
adb shell settings put global debug.hwc.disabletonemapping true
adb shell settings put global debug.hwui.use_buffer_age false
adb shell settings put global persist.alloc_buffer_sync true
adb shell settings put global CPU_MIN_CHECK_DURATION false
adb shell settings put global MIN_CRASH_INTERVAL false
adb shell settings put global GC_MIN_INTERVAL false
adb shell settings put global GC_TIMEOUT false
adb shell settings put global SERVICE_TIMEOUT false
adb shell settings put global PROC_START_TIMEOUT false
adb shell settings put global MAX_PROCESSES false
adb shell settings put global MAX_ACTIVITIES false
adb shell settings put global MAX_SERVICE_INACTIVITY false
adb shell settings put global MIN_RECENT_TASKS false
adb shell settings put global MAX_RECENT_TASKS false
adb shell settings put global ACTIVITY_INACTIVITY_RESET_TIME false
adb shell settings put global APP_SWITCH_DELAY_TIME false
adb shell settings put global CONTENT_APP_IDLE_OFFSET false
adb shell settings put global ro.FOREGROUND_APP_ADJ 0
adb shell settings put global ro.VISIBLE_APP_ADJ 2
adb shell settings put global ro.PERCEPTIBLE_APP_ADJ 3
adb shell settings put global ro.HEAVY_WEIGHT_APP_ADJ 4
adb shell settings put global ro.app.optimization true
adb shell settings put global ro.launcher.dynamic true
adb shell settings put global ro.launcher.label.fastupdate true
adb shell settings put global device_idle_constants idle_duration=0
adb shell settings put global hidden_api_policy 1
adb shell settings put global hidden_api_policy_p_apps 1
adb shell settings put global hidden_api_policy_pre_p_apps 1
adb shell settings put global persist.service.lgospd.enable 0
adb shell settings put global persist.service.pcsync.enable 0
adb shell settings put global persist.sys.ssr.enable_debug 0
adb shell settings put global persist.sys.ssr.enable_ramdumps 0
adb shell settings put global persist.sys.ssr.restart_level 1
adb shell settings put global persist.sys.ap.restart_level 1
adb shell settings put global persist.sys.enable_strategy true
adb shell settings put global persist.rcs.supported 0
adb shell settings put global persist.net.doxlat true
adb shell settings put global ro.ril.enable.managed.roaming 0
adb shell settings put global ro.wcn enabled
adb shell settings put global debug.bt.lowspeed true
adb shell settings put global ro.ril.avoid.pdp.overlap 1
adb shell settings put global persist.ril.uart.flowctrl 99
adb shell settings put global persist.gps.qc_nlp_in_use 0
adb shell settings put global ro.support.signalsmooth true
adb shell settings put global ro.config.combined_signal true
adb shell settings put global ro.allow.mock.location 1
adb shell settings put global ro.com.google.locationfeatures 0
adb shell settings put global ro.gps.agps_provider 0
adb shell settings put global ro.ril.def.agps.feature 0
adb shell settings put global ro.ril.def.agps.mode 0
adb shell settings put global ro.vendor.net.enable_sla 1
adb shell settings put global net.tethering.noprovisioning true
adb shell settings put global security.perf_harden 0
adb shell settings put global persist.sys.resolution_change 1
adb shell settings put global ro.surface_flinger.protected_contents true
adb shell settings put global ro.surface_flinger.running_without_sync_framework false
adb shell settings put global ro.surface_flinger.supports_background_blur 0
adb shell settings put global ro.surface_flinger.support_kernel_idle_timer true
adb shell settings put global ro.surface_flinger.set_idle_timer_ms 250
adb shell settings put global ro.surface_flinger.vsync_event_phase_offset_ns 0
adb shell settings put global ro.surface_flinger.vsync_sf_event_phase_offset_ns 0
adb shell settings put global ro.surface_flinger.present_time_offset_from_vsync_ns 0
adb shell settings put global ro.surface_flinger.use_content_detection_for_refresh_rate true
adb shell settings put global ro.surface_flinger.refresh_rate_switching true
adb shell settings put global ro.surface_flinger.enable_layer_caching true
adb shell settings put global ro.surface_flinger.layer_caching_active_layer_timeout_ms 0
adb shell settings put global ro.surface_flinger.use_context_priority true
adb shell settings put global ro.surface_flinger.start_graphics_allocator_service true
adb shell settings put global ro.surface_flinger.uclamp.min 0
adb shell settings put global ro.surface_flinger.max_frame_buffer_acquired_buffers 1
adb shell settings put global persist.sys.color.adaptive true
adb shell settings put global persist.sys.sf.color_saturation 1.0
adb shell settings put global persist.sys.sf.native_mode 2
adb shell settings put global persist.sys.sf.hs_mode 0
adb shell settings put global persist.sys.sf.disable_blurs 1
adb shell settings put global persist.sys.static_blur_mode false
adb shell settings put global persist.sys.disable_blur_view true
adb shell settings put global persist.perf.wm_static_blur true
adb shell settings put global sys.fb.bits 32
adb shell settings put global persist.sys.shadow.open 0
adb shell settings put global persist.sys.use_16bpp_alpha 0
adb shell settings put global persist.sys.purgeable_assets 0
adb shell settings put global persist.sys.scrollingcache 2
adb shell settings put global ro.vendor.perf.scroll_opt true
adb shell settings put global ro.vendor.perf.scroll_opt.heavy_app true
adb shell settings put global ro.vendor.scroll.preobtain.enable true
adb shell settings put global vendor.perf.gestureflingboost.enable true
adb shell settings put global ro.min_pointer_dur 1
adb shell settings put global ro.max.fling_velocity 12000
adb shell settings put global ro.min.fling_velocity 4000
adb shell settings put global windowsmgr.max_events_per_sec 150
adb shell settings put global ro.launcher.blur.appLaunch 0
adb shell settings put global iop.enable_prefetch_ofr 1
adb shell settings put global iop.enable_uxe 1
adb shell settings put global iop.enable_iop 1
adb shell settings put global vendor.perf.iop_v3.enable true
adb shell settings put global vendor.perf.iop_v3.enable.debug false
adb shell settings put global vendor.perf.workloadclassifier.enable true
adb shell settings put global ro.vendor.iocgrp.config 1
adb shell settings put global persist.sys.autoclearsave 2
adb shell settings put global persist.mm.enable.prefetch true
adb shell settings put global mm.enable.smoothstreaming true
adb shell settings put global debug.media.video.frc false
adb shell settings put global debug.media.video.vpp false
adb shell settings put global sys.media.vdec.sw 1
adb shell settings put global ro.vendor.media_performance_class 0
adb shell settings put global ro.media.dec.aud.wma.enabled 1
adb shell settings put global ro.media.dec.vid.wmv.enabled 1
adb shell settings put global media.stagefright.thumbnail.prefer_hw_codecs true
adb shell settings put global media.stagefright.use-awesome true
adb shell settings put global media.stagefright.enable-record false
adb shell settings put global media.stagefright.enable-scan false
adb shell settings put global media.stagefright.enable-meta true
adb shell settings put global media.stagefright.enable-http true
adb shell settings put global media.enable-commonsource true
adb shell settings put global persist.media.lowlatency.enable true
adb shell settings put global persist.media.hls.enhancements true
adb shell settings put global persist.media.treble_omx false
adb shell settings put global av.debug.disable.pers.cache 0
adb shell settings put global aaudio.mmap_policy 1
adb shell settings put global aaudio.mmap_exclusive_policy 2
adb shell settings put global audio.legacy.postproc true
adb shell settings put global audio.deep_buffer.media true
adb shell settings put global audio.parser.ip.buffer.size 0
adb shell settings put global audio.offload.video true
adb shell settings put global audio.offload.track.enable true
adb shell settings put global audio.offload.passthrough false
adb shell settings put global audio.offload.gapless.enabled true
adb shell settings put global audio.offload.multiple.enabled true
adb shell settings put global audio.offload.pcm.16bit.enable false
adb shell settings put global audio.offload.pcm.24bit.enable false
adb shell settings put global audio.track.enablemonoorstereo 1
adb shell settings put global ro.have_aacencode_feature 1
adb shell settings put global ro.vendor.audio_tunning.nr 1
adb shell settings put global vendor.audio.use.sw.alac.decoder true
|
64279db4fbb13d0545bc2fdee8afec08
|
{
"intermediate": 0.3299092948436737,
"beginner": 0.380624383687973,
"expert": 0.28946638107299805
}
|
35,031
|
Can you just give me all the performance tweaks and everything that will disable debugging or logging that will most likely work for a fire tv stick 4k max which is a android tv sort of device? I just want max performance. I don't care about any battery saving or anything to do with networking or wifi or data or any touch or any display or fps or refresh rate. None of that.
adb shell settings put global persist.smart_pool 1
adb shell settings put global ro.hwui.render_ahead 1
adb shell settings put global debug.hwui.renderer_mode 1
adb shell settings put global debug.hwui.level 0
adb shell settings put global debug.hwui.swap_with_damage false
adb shell settings put global debug.hwui.render_dirty_regions false
adb shell settings put global debug.hwui.show_dirty_regions false
adb shell settings put global debug.hwui.use_gpu_pixel_buffers false
adb shell settings put global debug.hwui.disabledither true
adb shell settings put global debug.hwui.enable_bp_cache true
adb shell settings put global persist.sys.force_highendgfx true
adb shell settings put global ro.config.avoid_gfx_accel false
adb shell settings put global rs.gpu.rsIntrinsic 0
adb shell settings put global rs.gpu.renderscript 0
adb shell settings put global graphics.gpu.profiler.support true
adb shell settings put global force_gpu_rendering 1
adb shell settings put global gpu_rendering_mode 1
adb shell settings put global opengl_renderer 1
adb shell settings put global opengl_trace false
adb shell settings put global sdm.perf_hint_window 50
adb shell settings put global ro.mtk_perf_fast_start_win 1
adb shell settings put global ro.mtk_perf_simple_start_win 1
adb shell settings put global ro.mtk_perf_response_time 1
adb shell settings put global persist.sys.max_rdh_delay 0
adb shell settings put global persist.sys.performance true
adb shell settings put global persist.sys.cpuset.enable 1
adb shell settings put global persist.sys.cpuset.subswitch 1
adb shell settings put global persist.sys.iaware.cpuenable true
adb shell settings put global persist.sys.iaware.vsyncfirst true
adb shell settings put global persist.sys.enable_iaware true
adb shell settings put global persist.sys.periodic.enable true
adb shell settings put global persist.tuning.qdcm 1
adb shell settings put global debug.force_no_blanking true
adb shell settings put global ro.bq.gpu_to_cpu_unsupported 1
adb shell settings put global ro.product.gpu.driver 1
adb shell settings put global ro.vendor.gpu.boost 1
adb shell settings put global multi_sampling_enabled 0
adb shell settings put global persist.sampling_profiler 0
adb shell settings put global dev.pm.dyn_samplingrate 1
adb shell settings put global sys.perf.heavy false
adb shell settings put global sys.perf.status false
adb shell settings put global sys.perf.zygote true
adb shell settings put global sys.perf.iop true
adb shell settings put global sys.perf.schd true
adb shell settings put global sys.perf.hmp 6:2
adb shell settings put global sys.perf.fbooster true
adb shell settings put global sys.perf.tbooster true
adb shell settings put global sys.hwc.gpu_perf_mode 1
adb shell settings put global ro.qualcomm.perf.cores_online 2
adb shell settings put global ro.hw.use_hwc_cpu_perf_mode 1
adb shell settings put global ro.hw.use_disable_composition_type_gles 0
adb shell settings put global ro.hwc.legacy_api true
adb shell settings put global hwc.scenario 2
adb shell settings put global hw2d.force 1
adb shell settings put global hw3d.force 1
adb shell settings put global persist.sys.force_hw_ui true
adb shell settings put global persist.sys.ui.hw 1
adb shell settings put global persist.sys.oem_smooth 1
adb shell settings put global persist.sys.force_sw_gles 1
adb shell settings put global ro.kernel.qemu.gles 1
adb shell settings put global persist.sys.wfd.virtual 0
adb shell settings put global persist.sys.jankenable false
adb shell settings put global persist.hwc.ptor.enable true
adb shell settings put global persist.hwc.mdpcomp.enable true
adb shell settings put global persist.hwc.pubypass true
adb shell settings put global persist.hwc2.skip_client_color_transform true
adb shell settings put global com.qc.hardware true
adb shell settings put global debug.qc.hardware true
adb shell settings put global debug.composition.type gpu
adb shell settings put global debug.cpurend.vsync true
adb shell settings put global debug.enabletr true
adb shell settings put global debug.sf.no_hw_vsync 0
adb shell settings put global debug.sf.ddms 0
adb shell settings put global debug.sf.hw 1
adb shell settings put global debug.sf.enable_hwc_vds 0
adb shell settings put global debug.sf.swaprect 1
adb shell settings put global debug.sf.gpu_freq_index 1
adb shell settings put global debug.egl.hw 1
adb shell settings put global debug.egl.profiler 1
adb shell settings put global debug.egl.force_msaa 1
adb shell settings put global debug.overlayui.enable 0
adb shell settings put global debug.sf.enable_advanced_sf_phase_offset 1
adb shell settings put global debug.sf.enable_gl_backpressure 1
adb shell settings put global debug.sf.latch_unsignaled 1
adb shell settings put global debug.sf.auto_latch_unsignaled 0
adb shell settings put global debug.sf.recomputecrop 0
adb shell settings put global debug.sf.use_phase_offsets_as_durations 1
adb shell settings put global debug.sf.disable_client_composition_cache 0
adb shell settings put global debug.egl.buffcount 1
adb shell settings put global debug.egl.debug_proc 0
adb shell settings put global debug.egl.trace 0
adb shell settings put global debug.egl.callstack 0
adb shell settings put global debug.egl.finish 1
adb shell settings put global debug.sf.showupdates 0
adb shell settings put global debug.sf.showcpu 0
adb shell settings put global debug.sf.showbackground 0
adb shell settings put global debug.sf.dump 0
adb shell settings put global debug.sf.enable_egl_image_tracker 0
adb shell settings put global debug.sf.predict_hwc_composition_strategy 1
adb shell settings put global debug.sf.enable_planner_prediction true
adb shell settings put global debug.sf.gpu_comp_tiling 1
adb shell settings put global debug.enable.sglscale 1
adb shell settings put global debug.qctwa.preservebuf 1
adb shell settings put global debug.mdpcomp.idletime 0
adb shell settings put global debug.mdpcomp.maxlayer 0
adb shell settings put global debug.doze.component 0
adb shell settings put global debug.migrate.bigcore false
adb shell settings put global debug.sdm.support_writeback 1
adb shell settings put global sdm.debug.disable_rotator_downscale 1
adb shell settings put global sdm.debug.disable_skip_validate 1
adb shell settings put global sdm.debug.disable_dest_sc 1
adb shell settings put global sdm.debug.disable_scalar 0
adb shell settings put global ro.config.hw_temperature_warn true
adb shell settings put global ro.config.hw_sensorhub false
adb shell settings put global ro.vendor.sensors.pedometer false
adb shell settings put global ro.vendor.sensors.step_counter false
adb shell settings put global ro.vendor.sensors.step_detector false
adb shell settings put global ro.vendor.sensors.pick_up false
adb shell settings put global ro.vendor.sdk.sensors.gestures false
adb shell settings put global persist.android.strictmode 0
adb shell settings put global persist.sys.strictmode.disable 1
adb shell settings put global persist.sys.strictmode.visual 0
adb shell settings put global persist.sys.strictmode.violation 0
adb shell settings put global persist.sys.assert.enable false
adb shell settings put global persist.sys.opbf.enable true
adb shell settings put global persist.service.acm.enable 0
adb shell settings put global ro.hw.use_hwc_services 1
adb shell settings put global ro.hw.use_secure_encoder_only 1
adb shell settings put global ro.hw_timeout_multiplier 1
adb shell settings put global sys.config.phone_start_early true
adb shell settings put global sys.config.activelaunch_enable true
adb shell settings put global persist.sys.appstart.enable true
adb shell settings put global persist.sys.appstart.sync true
adb shell settings put global persist.sys.pre_bootloader yes
adb shell settings put global persist.bootanim.preload 1
adb shell settings put global ro.config.multi_task_enable true
adb shell settings put global ro.config.max_starting_bg 2
adb shell settings put global persist.added_boot_bgservices 2
adb shell settings put global service.wait_for_bootanim 0
adb shell settings put global sys.boot.start_preload 1
adb shell settings put global sys.boot.end_package 1
adb shell settings put global sys.logbootcomplete 0
adb shell settings put global dev.bootcomplete 0
adb shell settings put global vendor.post_boot.parsed 1
adb shell settings put global ro.build.shutdown_timeout 0
adb shell settings put global ro.warmboot.capability 1
adb shell settings put global ro.boot.warranty_bit 0
adb shell settings put global ro.security.reactive.active 2
adb shell settings put global persist.security.ams.enforcing 0
adb shell settings put global persist.sys.strict_op_enable false
adb shell settings put global sys.checkfs.fat false
adb shell settings put global vendor.gatekeeper.disable_spu true
adb shell settings put global ro.config.dmverity false
adb shell settings put global ro.config.rkp false
adb shell settings put global ro.config.tima 0
adb shell settings put global ro.profile.header 0
adb shell settings put global ro.secure 0
adb shell settings put global ro.build.selinux 0
adb shell settings put global ro.build.selinux.enforce 0
adb shell settings put global androidboot.selinux 0
adb shell settings put global selinux.disabled true
adb shell settings put global selinux.reload_policy 0
adb shell settings put global ro.treble.enabled true
adb shell settings put global ro.config.ksm.support true
adb shell settings put global ro.wmt.blcr.enable 0
adb shell settings put global ro.vendor.at_library true
adb shell settings put global ro.vendor.gt_library true
adb shell settings put global persist.sys.NV_STEREOCTRL 0
adb shell settings put global persist.sys.NV_STEREOSEPCHG 0
adb shell settings put global ro.product.use_charge_counter 1
adb shell settings put global ro.charger.disable_init_blank true
adb shell settings put global ro.config.hw_board_ipa true
adb shell settings put global ro.config.hw_fast_dormancy 0
adb shell settings put global ro.smps.enable true
adb shell settings put global vendor.pasr.activemode.enabled true
adb shell settings put global ro.build.smartcharging 1
adb shell settings put global accessibility_reduce_transparency 1
adb shell settings put global ro.workaround.noautofocus 1
adb shell settings put global ro.charger.enable_suspend true
adb shell settings put secure adaptive_charging_enabled 0
adb shell settings put secure volume_hush_gesture 0
adb shell settings put secure hush_gesture_used 0
adb shell settings put secure silence_gesture 0
adb shell settings put secure skip_gesture 0
adb shell settings put secure fingerprint_effect 0
adb shell settings put secure game_auto_temperature_control 0
adb shell settings put secure sensors_off 1
adb shell settings put system perf_profile performance
adb shell settings put system tube_amp_effect 1
adb shell settings put system k2hd_effect 1
adb shell settings put system dark_theme 1
adb shell settings put system motion_engine 0
adb shell settings put system master_motion 0
adb shell settings put system motion_merged_mute_pause 0
adb shell settings put system motion_overturn 0
adb shell settings put system air_motion_engine 0
adb shell settings put system charging_info_always 0
|
a578da53d0f276d19444ea242b88a464
|
{
"intermediate": 0.3186112940311432,
"beginner": 0.3867407739162445,
"expert": 0.2946479320526123
}
|
35,032
|
adb shell settings put commands for android tv or fire tv for maximum performance and enabling hw accelleration
|
9f85291124e8c9e64ea746169b7d9791
|
{
"intermediate": 0.3119466006755829,
"beginner": 0.16089119017124176,
"expert": 0.5271622538566589
}
|
35,033
|
how do i run a 2nd adb shell set of commands on a 2nd device without interrupting my 1st one
|
cecc1674cc0c8caf17cf3ee2bd6dd30e
|
{
"intermediate": 0.47192031145095825,
"beginner": 0.2268691509962082,
"expert": 0.30121055245399475
}
|
35,034
|
I have created a text-to-python model using keras layers, you will need these constants: MAX_INSTRUCTION_LENGTH = 50 # Adjust according to your dataset
MAX_OUTPUT_LENGTH = 50 # Adjust according to your dataset
EMBEDDING_DIM = 64
LSTM_UNITS = 128 to generate a python code for loading and running the pretrained model
|
252123cd10f54bbb9141b2edd13a9ef3
|
{
"intermediate": 0.21367807686328888,
"beginner": 0.12546011805534363,
"expert": 0.6608617305755615
}
|
35,035
|
import random
# Hiragana characters and their readings
hiragana = {
"あ": "a",
"い": "i",
"う": "u",
"え": "e",
"お": "o",
"か": "ka",
"き": "ki",
"く": "ku",
"け": "ke",
"こ": "ko",
"さ": "sa",
"し": "shi",
"す": "su",
"せ": "se",
"そ": "so",
"た": "ta",
"ち": "chi",
"つ": "tsu",
"て": "te",
"と": "to",
"な": "na",
"に": "ni",
"ぬ": "nu",
"ね": "ne",
"の": "no",
"は": "ha",
"ひ": "hi",
"ふ": "fu",
"へ": "he",
"ほ": "ho",
"ま": "ma",
"み": "mi",
"む": "mu",
"め": "me",
"も": "mo",
"や": "ya",
"ゆ": "yu",
"よ": "yo",
"ら": "ra",
"り": "ri",
"る": "ru",
"れ": "re",
"ろ": "ro",
"わ": "wa",
"を": "wo",
"ん": "n",
}
def get_random_character(hiragana):
return random.choice(list(hiragana.items()))
def generate_options(correct_answer, hiragana, num_options=4):
options = [correct_answer]
other_options = list(hiragana.values())
other_options.remove(correct_answer)
options.extend(random.sample(other_options, num_options - 1))
random.shuffle(options)
return options
def ask_question_multiple_choice(character, options):
print(f"What is the reading for: {character}")
for index, option in enumerate(options, 1):
print(f"{index}. {option}")
answer = input("Choose the option number: ")
return int(answer) - 1
def ask_question_text_entry(character):
return input(f"What is the reading for: {character}? ")
def update_score(is_correct, score):
if is_correct:
print("Correct!\n")
score["correct"] += 1
else:
print("Wrong!\n")
score["wrong"] += 1
return score
def display_score(score):
print(f"Score: Correct answers: {score["correct"]}, Wrong answers: {score["wrong"]}")
def select_mode():
print("Select quiz mode:")
print("1. Multiple-choice")
print("2. Text-entry")
return int(input("Enter mode number: "))
def quiz_session(hiragana):
score = {"correct": 0, "wrong": 0}
mode = select_mode()
try:
while True:
character, correct_reading = get_random_character(hiragana)
if mode == 1:
options = generate_options(correct_reading, hiragana)
selected_option_index = ask_question_multiple_choice(character, options)
is_correct = options[selected_option_index] == correct_reading
elif mode == 2:
user_input = ask_question_text_entry(character)
is_correct = user_input == correct_reading
score = update_score(is_correct, score)
display_score(score)
except (ValueError, IndexError):
print("Please enter a valid number.")
except KeyboardInterrupt:
print("\nQuiz finished. Here’s your final score:")
display_score(score)
quiz_session(hiragana)
can you add to this program something. I need to see a right answer when I picked or typed a wrong one
|
eecd3702a5c6fa2240f65e21810058ac
|
{
"intermediate": 0.30647867918014526,
"beginner": 0.4502342939376831,
"expert": 0.24328699707984924
}
|
35,036
|
помоги пне решить задачу 796 с сайта acmp на c# Форматирование текста
(Время: 1 сек. Память: 16 Мб Сложность: 51%)
Многие системы форматирования текста, например TEX или Wiki, используют для разбиения текста на абзацы пустые строки. Текст представляет собой последовательность слов, разделенных пробелами, символами перевода строк и следующими знаками препинания: «,», «.», «?», «!», «-», «:» и «’» (ASCII коды 44, 46, 63, 33, 45, 58, 39). Каждое слово в тексте состоит из заглавных и прописных букв английского алфавита и цифр. Текст может состоять из нескольких абзацев. В этом случае соседние абзацы разделяются одной или несколькими пустыми строками. Перед первым абзацем и после последнего абзаца также могут идти одна или несколько пустых строк.
Дальнейшее использование исходного текста предполагает его форматирование, которое осуществляется следующим образом. Каждый абзац должен быть разбит на строки, каждая из которых имеет длину не больше w. Первая строка каждого абзаца должна начинаться с отступа, состоящего из b пробелов. Слова внутри одной строки должны быть разделены ровно одним пробелом. Если после слова идет один или несколько знаков препинания, они должны следовать сразу после слова без дополнительных пробелов. Если очередное слово вместе со следующими за ним знаками препинания помещается на текущую строку, оно размещается на текущей строке. В противном случае, с этого слова начинается новая строка. В отформатированном тексте абзацы не должны разделяться пустыми строками. В конце строк не должно быть пробелов.
Требуется написать программу, которая по заданным числам w и b и заданному тексту выводит текст, отформатированный описанным выше образом.
Входные данные
Первая строка входного файла INPUT.TXT содержит два целых числа: w и b (5 ≤ w ≤ 100, 1 ≤ b ≤ 8, b < w). Затем следует одна или более строк, содержащих заданный текст. Длина слова в тексте вместе со следующими за ними знаками препинания не превышает w, а длина первого слова любого абзаца вместе со следующими за ним знаками препинания не превышает (w – b). Текст содержит хотя бы одну букву. Перед первой буквой каждого абзаца знаков препинания нет.
Выходные данные
Выходной файл OUTPUT.TXT должен содержать заданный текст, отформатированный в соответствии с приведенными в условии задачи правилами. Размер входного файла не превышает 100 Кбайт. Длина каждой строки во входном файле не превышает 250.
Пример
№ INPUT.TXT OUTPUT.TXT
1
20 4
Yesterday,
All my troubles seemed so far away,
Now it looks as though they're here to stay,
Oh, I believe in yesterday.
Suddenly,
I'm not half the man I used to be,
There's a shadow hanging over me,
Oh, yesterday came suddenly...
Yesterday, All
my troubles seemed
so far away, Now it
looks as though
they' re here to
stay, Oh, I believe
in yesterday.
Suddenly, I' m
not half the man I
used to be, There' s
a shadow hanging
over me, Oh,
yesterday came
suddenly...
|
cd1dc5a3c22af02d2c60c685cf652e13
|
{
"intermediate": 0.18087561428546906,
"beginner": 0.6977213025093079,
"expert": 0.12140309065580368
}
|
35,037
|
Hey, how would you call a method in c# that adds chosen amount of numbers into the beginning of an array.
|
57ad282a7d297046c575c39297e2c36a
|
{
"intermediate": 0.6151973605155945,
"beginner": 0.19201450049877167,
"expert": 0.19278812408447266
}
|
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