article stringlengths 0 744k | abstract stringlengths 0 154k | embeddings list |
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gas in giant molecular clouds ( gmcs ) is distributed non - uniformly and appears to aggregate itself into isolated dense clumps or more contiguous and elongated , filament - like structures .
detailed observations of potential star - forming clouds have demonstrated the ubiquitous nature of filamentary clouds .
for ex... | it is now widely accepted that dense filaments of molecular gas are integral to the process of stellar birth and potential star - forming cores often appear embedded within these filaments . although numerical simulations have largely succeeded in reproducing filamentary structure in dynamic environments such as in tu... | [
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shortly after the discovery of the cosmic microwave background radiation ( cbr ) , it was shown that cosmic ray protons above @xmath160 eev ( @xmath2ev ) should be attenuated by photomeson interactions with cbr photons ( @xcite ) .
it was later calculated that heavier cosmic ray nuclei with similar _ total _ energies w... | we present the results of a new calculation of the photodisintegration of ultrahigh energy cosmic - ray ( uhcr ) nuclei in intergalactic space .
the critical interactions for energy loss and photodisintegration of uhcr nuclei occur with photons of the 2.73 k cosmic background radiation ( cbr ) and with photons of th... | [
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any _ in vivo _ quantum system is in a contact with its environment .
although typically weak , this interaction becomes relevant when studying the evolution of a system over long time scales .
in particular , the asymptotic state of such an _ open _ system depends both on the unitary action induced by the system hamil... | quantum systems out of equilibrium are now a subject of intensive research both in theoretical and experimental physics . in this paper
we study periodically modulated quantum systems which are in contact with a stationary environment . within the framework of lindblad quantum master equation ,
the asymptotic stat... | [
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figure [ fig : figure1 ] shows the point set of an optimal ( crossing minimal ) rectilinear drawing of @xmath8 , with an evident partition of the @xmath9 vertices into @xmath1 highly structured clusters of @xmath1 vertices each : [ fig : figure1 ] are clustered into @xmath1 sets.,width=113 ] a similar , natu... | the point sets of all known optimal rectilinear drawings of @xmath0 share an unmistakeable clustering property , the so called _ 3decomposability_. it is widely believed that the underlying point sets of all optimal rectilinear drawings of @xmath0 are @xmath1decomposable . we give a lower bound for the minimum number... | [
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our bubble chambers are insensitive to minimum ionizing particles , allowing us to exploit a new calibration technique using charged pions as wimp surrogates to produce nuclear recoils by strong elastic scattering .
we measure the pion scattering angle using silicon pixel detectors .
the nuclear recoil kinetic energy c... | we have directly measured the energy threshold and efficiency for bubble nucleation from iodine recoils in a cf@xmath0i bubble chamber in the energy range of interest for a dark matter search .
these interactions can not be probed by standard neutron calibration methods , so we develop a new technique by observing t... | [
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with the advent of high temperature superconductivity in the cuprates and the possibility of exotic gap symmetry including nodal behavior , a renewed effort to find novel experimental probes of order parameter symmetry has ensued .
one result of this effort was the proposal by sauls and co - workers@xcite to examine th... | we have calculated the nonlinear current of a number of single band s - wave electron - phonon superconductors . among issues considered were those of dimensionality , strong electron - phonon coupling , impurities , and comparison with bcs . for the case of two bands ,
particular attention is paid to the role of an... | [
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for proper , locally flat embeddings in @xmath1 , it is well - known that : 1 .
[ rlt ] a ray (= copy of @xmath2 ) knots if and only if @xmath3 .
[ hlt ] a hyperplane (= copy of @xmath4 ) knots if and only if @xmath3 . both facts hold in the smooth , piecewise linear , and topological categories @xcite .
fox and... | three disjoint rays in @xmath0 form _ borromean rays _ provided their union is knotted , but the union of any two components is unknotted .
we construct infinitely many borromean rays , uncountably many of which are pairwise inequivalent .
we obtain uncountably many borromean hyperplanes . | [
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theoretical descriptions of photonic crystal fibers ( pcfs ) have traditionally been restricted to numerical evaluation of maxwell s equations . in the most general case , a plane wave expansion method with periodic boundary conditions
is employed @xcite while other methods , such as the multipole method @xcite , take... | based on a recent formulation of the @xmath0parameter of a photonic crystal fiber we provide numerically based empirical expressions for this quantity only dependent on the two structural parameters the air hole diameter and the hole - to - hole center spacing . based on the unique relation between the @xmath0paramet... | [
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classification problem is one of the most important tasks in time series data mining . a well - known 1-nearest neighbor ( 1-nn ) with dynamic time warping ( dtw )
distance is one of the best classifier to classify time series data , among other approaches , such as support vector machine ( svm ) @xcite , artificial ne... | 1-nearest neighbor with the dynamic time warping ( dtw ) distance is one of the most effective classifiers on time series domain .
since the global constraint has been introduced in speech community , many global constraint models have been proposed including sakoe - chiba ( s - c ) band , itakura parallelogram , an... | [
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matrices with random ( or pseudo - random ) elements appear naturally in many different problems and are well investigated in physical and mathematical literature ( see e.g. @xcite ) . in this note
we consider a special class of sparse random matrices , namely , matrices associated with tree ( or tree - like ) structu... | for random matrices with tree - like structure there exists a recursive relation for the local green functions whose solution permits to find directly many important quantities in the limit of infinite matrix dimensions .
the purpose of this note is to investigate and compare expressions for the spectral density of ... | [
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in the studies of spin glasses , much effort has been devoted either exprimentally or theoretically to the properties under magnetic fields .
unfortunately , our understanding of them still has remained unsatisfactory@xcite .
on theoretical side , most of the numerical studies have focused on the properties of the simp... | spin and chirality orderings of the three - dimensional heisenberg spin glass under magnetic fields are studied by large - scale equilibrium monte carlo simulations .
it is found that the chiral - glass transition and the chiral - glass ordered state , which are essentially of the same character as their zero - fiel... | [
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given competing mathematical models to describe a process , we wish to know whether our data is compatible with the candidate models . often comparing models requires optimization and fitting time course data to estimate parameter values and then applying an information criterion to select a ` best ' model @xcite .
how... | we present a method for rejecting competing models from noisy time - course data that does not rely on parameter inference .
first we characterize ordinary differential equation models in only measurable variables using differential algebra elimination .
next we extract additional information from the given data u... | [
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there is recent observational evidence that a significant fraction of massive evolved spheroidal stellar systems is already in place at redshift @xmath4 .
however , only a small percentage of these galaxies is fully assembled @xcite .
the galaxies are smaller by a factor of three to five compared to present - day ellip... | using a high resolution hydrodynamical cosmological simulation of the formation of a massive spheroidal galaxy we show that elliptical galaxies can be very compact and massive at high redshift in agreement with recent observations
. accretion of stripped in - falling stellar material increases the size of the system... | [
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there are basically two methods to determine the weak axial form factor of the nucleon .
one set of experimental data comes from measurements of ( quasi)elastic ( anti)neutrino scattering on protons @xcite , deuterons @xcite and other nuclei ( al , fe ) @xcite or composite targets like freon @xcite and propane @xcite .... | the reaction @xmath0 was measured at the mainz microtron mami at an invariant mass of @xmath1 and four - momentum transfers of @xmath2 , @xmath3 and @xmath4 . for each value of @xmath5
, a rosenbluth separation of the transverse and longitudinal cross sections was performed .
an effective lagrangian model was used... | [
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both cosmic star formation rate and active galactic nucleus ( agn ) density have been found to reach their peaks at @xmath32 @xcite . in the local universe , a supermassive black hole ( smbh )
generically exists in the center of early - type galaxies with the black hole mass tightly correlating with that of the galaxy ... | previous studies have shown that _ wise_-selected hyperluminous , hot dust - obscured galaxies ( hot dogs ) are powered by highly dust - obscured , possibly compton - thick agns .
high obscuration provides us a good chance to study the host morphology of the most luminous agns directly .
we analyze the host morpho... | [
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the photo - nuclear cross sections parameterized in the geant4 covers all incident photon energies from hadron production threshold up - wards .
the parameterization is subdivided into five energy regions , each corresponding to the physical process that dominates .
these are the giant dipole resonance ( gdr ) region ,... | adequate description of electro and gamma nuclear physics is of utmost importance in studies of electron beam - dumps and intense electron beam accelerators .
i also is mandatory to describe neutron backgrounds and activation in linear colliders .
this physics was elaborated in geant4 over the last year , and now ... | [
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believed to be the main origin of the jet quenching phenomena observed @xcite in nucleus
nucleus collisions at rhic energy @xmath2@xmath3 , parton energy loss via gluon - radiation is expected to depend on the properties ( gluon density and volume ) of the ` medium ' formed in the collision and on the properties ( co... | the attenuation of heavy - flavored particles in nucleus
nucleus collisions tests the microscopic dynamics of medium - induced parton energy loss and , in particular , its expected dependence on the identity ( color charge and mass ) of the parent parton .
we discuss the comparison of theoretical calculations wit... | [
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frustration is one of the interesting subjects in statistical physics , mainly because it can induce additional symmetry and lead the system to display rich low - temperature structures .
the so - called two - dimensional ( 2d ) fully frustrated xy models have attracted an extensive investigation in the last two decade... | monte carlo simulations using the newly proposed wang - landau algorithm together with the broad histogram relation are performed to study the antiferromagnetic six - state clock model on the triangular lattice , which is fully frustrated .
we confirm the existence of the magnetic ordering belonging to the kosterlit... | [
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hamilton equations of motion constitute a system of ordinary first order differential equations , @xmath3 where the @xmath4 denotes differentiation with respect to time @xmath5 , and @xmath6 .
they can be viewed as the characteristic equations of the partial differential equation @xmath7 with @xmath8 the first order di... | we show how the standard ( strmer - verlet ) splitting method for differential equations of hamiltonian mechanics ( with accuracy of order @xmath0 for a timestep of length @xmath1 ) can be improved in a systematic manner without using the composition method .
we give the explicit expressions which increase the accur... | [
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in our experiment , we begin with an optical characterization of the qds and observe a significantly reduced spectral linewidth of the emitted photons from a resonantly driven single qd compared with incoherent excitation methods including via above - bandgap and p - shell using cw lasers .
figure@xmath3s2(a - c ) pres... | single photon sources based on semiconductor quantum dots offer distinct advantages for quantum information , including a scalable solid - state platform , ultrabrightness , and interconnectivity with matter qubits .
a key prerequisite for their use in optical quantum computing and solid - state networks is a high l... | [
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efficient mechanisms to generate coherent superpositions of quantum states are central to a rich variety of applications in modern quantum physics . quantum logic gates ,
i.e. the key components of a quantum computer @xcite , rely on superpositions of two degenerate quantum states as qubits @xcite .
quantum tunnellin... | we propose a technique to prepare coherent superpositions of two nondegenerate quantum states in a three - state ladder system , driven by two simultaneous fields near resonance with an intermediate state .
the technique , of potential application to enhancement of nonlinear processes , uses adiabatic passage assist... | [
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we are interested in the transitions from a single - electron bound state @xmath0 ( with a wave function @xmath1 and energy @xmath2 ) to a continuum state @xmath3 ( with a wave function @xmath4 and energy @xmath5 ) ( fig .
[ fig : sketch ] ) .
( a ) sketch of a qd chain , ( b ) energy diagram of a qd chain with an elec... | we present a theoretical analysis of intraband optical transitions from the intermediate pseudo - band of confined states to the conduction band in a finite , inhomogeneous stack of self - assembled semiconductor quantum dots .
the chain is modeled with an effective hamiltonian including nearest - neighbor tunnel co... | [
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the standard model of elementary particles ( sm ) has been very successful in describing the nature at the electroweak ( ew ) scale .
recently , the atlas and cms collaborations at the large hadron collider ( lhc ) have discovered a new particle @xcite , which is consistent with the sm higgs boson .
this discovery als... | in this paper , we consider phenomenology of a model with an @xmath0 gauge symmetry . since the muon couples to the @xmath0 gauge boson ( called @xmath1 boson ) , its contribution to the muon anomalous magnetic moment ( muon g-2 ) can account for the discrepancy between the standard model prediction and the experiment... | [
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let @xmath5 is an @xmath0-cobordism between smooth manifolds @xmath6 and @xmath7 .
since pioneering work in the 1980 s it has been known that @xmath6 and @xmath7 are not necessarily diffeomorphic @xcite , but they are homeomorphic @xcite when the fundamental group is of a certain type , called `` good '' ( a kind of ti... | a smooth five - dimensional @xmath0-cobordism becomes a smooth product if stabilized by a finite number @xmath1 of @xmath2)$ ] s .
we show that for amenable fundamental groups , the minimal @xmath1 is subextensive in covers , i.e. , @xmath3 .
we focus on the notion of sweepout width , which is a bridge between @xm... | [
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competing electronic phases underlie a number of the most unconventional phenomena in condensed matter systems . when this competition is sufficiently strong , the usual outcome is a phase separation .
one outstanding example of this situation is provided by materials showing colossal magnetoresistance , where competin... | we report a detailed nuclear magnetic resonance ( nmr ) study by combined @xmath0na and @xmath1as measurements over a broad range of doping to map the phase diagram of nafe@xmath2co@xmath3as . in the underdoped regime
( @xmath4 0.017 ) , we find a magnetic phase with robust antiferromagnetic ( afm ) order , which we... | [
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these notes are an abbreviated version of lectures given at the 1997 zakopane school .
they contain two topics .
the first is a description in elementary terms of the basic ideas underlying the speculative hypothesis that pieces of strong - interaction vacuum with a rotated chiral order parameter , disoriented chiral c... | the basic ideas underlying the production dynamics and search techniques for disoriented chiral condensate are described . | [
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in 2011 , i described a timing sequencer and related laser lab instrumentation based on 16-bit microcontrollers and a homemade custom keypad / display unit.@xcite since then , two new developments have enabled a far more powerful approach : the availability of high - performance 32-bit microcontrollers in low - pin - c... | several high - performance lab instruments suitable for manual assembly have been developed using low - pin - count 32-bit microcontrollers that communicate with an android tablet via a usb interface .
a single android tablet app accommodates multiple interface needs by uploading parameter lists and graphical data f... | [
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entanglement in quantum multipartite systems is a unique property in quantum world .
it plays an important role in quantum information processing @xcite .
therefore , the study of its essential features and dynamical behavior under the ubiquitous decoherence of relevant quantum system has attracted much attention in re... | we study the entanglement dynamics of two qubits , each of which is embedded into its local amplitude - damping reservoir , and the entanglement distribution among all the bipartite subsystems including qubit - qubit , qubit - reservoir , and reservoir - reservoir .
it is found that the entanglement can be stably di... | [
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herbig - haro ( hh ) objects immersed in an ultraviolet ( uv ) radiation field can be photoionized externally @xcite
. the photoionized jets / outflows of hh objects become optically visible , and thus their detailed physical properties can be studied .
such photoionized hh jet systems have been identified in the orion... | the rosette hh1 jet is a collimated flow immersed in the strong uv radiation field of the rosette nebula .
we investigate the physical properties of the rosette hh1 jet using high - quality narrow - band images and high - dispersion spectroscopy .
the new images show that the axis of the jet is not precisely align... | [
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molecules such as co or hcn have been commonly used as tracers of molecular gas in high - redshift galaxies .
however , recent observations with the _ herschel space observatory _ @xcite have shown strong spectroscopic signatures from other light hydrides , such as water , h@xmath3o@xmath4 , or hf , in nearby active ga... | we report a detection of the excited @xmath0 rotational transition of para- in apm 08279 + 5255 using the iram plateau de bure interferometer . at @xmath1 ,
this is the highest - redshift detection of interstellar water to date . from lvg modeling , we conclude that this transition is predominantly radiatively pum... | [
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where river water meets the sea , an enormous amount of energy is dissipated as a result of the irreversible mixing of fresh and salt water .
the dissipated energy is about 2 kj per liter of river water , _
i.e. _ equivalent to a waterfall of 200 m @xcite .
it is estimated that the combined power from all large estuar... | a huge amount of entropy is produced at places where fresh water and seawater mix , for example at river mouths .
this mixing process is a potentially enormous source of sustainable energy , provided it is harnessed properly , for instance by a cyclic charging and discharging process of porous electrodes immersed in... | [
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the problem of boundary lubrication is very interesting from the physical point of view and important for practical applications , but it is not fully understood yet @xcite .
conventional lubricants belong to the type of liquid ( `` soft '' ) lubricants , where the amplitude of molecular interactions within the lubrica... | using molecular dynamics based on langevin equations with a coordinate- and velocity - dependent damping coefficient , we study the frictional properties of a thin layer of `` soft '' lubricant ( where the interaction within the lubricant is weaker than the lubricant - substrate interaction ) confined between two soli... | [
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we consider the one dimensional semilinear wave equation : @xmath2 where @xmath3 and @xmath4 .
we may also add more restriction on initial data by assuming that @xmath5 the cauchy problem for equation ( [ waveq ] ) in the space @xmath6 follows from fixed point techniques ( see section [ cauchy - problem ] below ) .
+ i... | we consider in this paper blow - up solutions of the semilinear wave equation in one space dimension , with an exponential source term . assuming that initial data are in @xmath0 or some times in @xmath1
, we derive the blow - up rate near a non - characteristic point in the smaller space , and give some bounds near... | [
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let @xmath0 denote a solution of the second painlev equation @xmath1 it is known that for special values of the parameter @xmath2 the equation admits rational solutions . in fact vorobev and yablonski @xcite showed that for @xmath3 , the equation has a unique rational solution of the form @xmath4 which is constructed i... | generalized vorobev - yablonski polynomials have been introduced by clarkson and mansfield in their study of rational solutions of the second painlev hierarchy .
we present new hankel determinant identities for the squares of these special polynomials in terms of schur polynomials . as an application of the identiti... | [
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we consider the following sequence space model @xmath4 where @xmath5 are the coefficients of a signal and the noise @xmath6 has a diagonal covariance matrix @xmath7 .
this heterogeneous model may appear in several frameworks where the variance is fluctuating , for example in heterogeneous regression , coloured noise , ... | we consider a gaussian sequence space model @xmath0 where @xmath1 has a diagonal covariance matrix @xmath2 .
we consider the situation where the parameter vector @xmath3 is sparse .
our goal is to estimate the unknown parameter by a model selection approach .
the heterogenous case is much more involved than the ... | [
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one of the most important astrophysical phenomena still lacking an explanation is the origin of the celestial gamma - ray bursts ( grb ) .
these are powerful flashes of gamma - rays lasting from less than one second to tens of seconds , with isotropic distribution in the sky .
they are observed above the terrestrial at... | data obtained during five months of 2001 with the gravitational wave ( gw ) detectors explorer and nautilus were studied in correlation with the gamma ray burst data ( grb ) obtained with the bepposax satellite . during
this period bepposax was the only grb satellite in operation , while explorer and nautilus were t... | [
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in order to formally handle ( specify and prove ) some properties of prolog execution , we needed above all a definition of a port .
a port is perhaps the single most popular notion in prolog debugging , but theoretically it appears still rather elusive .
the notion stems from the seminal article of l.byrd @xcite which... | a simple mathematical definition of the 4-port model for pure prolog is given .
the model combines the intuition of ports with a compact representation of execution state . forward and
backward derivation steps are possible .
the model satisfies a modularity claim , making it suitable for formal reasoning . | [
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dissipationless n - body simulations of stellar systems indicate that scaling relations such as the so - called ` fundamental plane ' ( hereon , fp ) , that is , the systematic deviation from the expectations of the virial theorem applied to these systems , could be reproduced from the final products of hierarchical me... | we present an analysis of the behaviour of the ` coarse - grained ' ( ` mesoscopic ' ) rank partitioning of the mean energy of collections of particles composing virialized dark matter halos in a @xmath0-cdm cosmological simulation .
we find evidence that rank preservation depends on halo mass , in the sense that mo... | [
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explosive nuclear burning in astrophysical environments produces unstable nuclei , which again can be targets for subsequent reactions . in addition , it involves a very large number of stable nuclei , which are not fully explored by experiments .
thus , it is necessary to be able to predict reaction cross sections and... | the prediction of cross sections for nuclei far off stability is crucial in the field of nuclear astrophysics . in recent calculations
the nuclear level density as an important ingredient to the statistical model ( hauser - feshbach ) has shown the highest uncertainties .
we present a global parametrization of n... | [
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today , with a vast amount of publications being produced in every discipline of scientific research , it can be rather overwhelming to select a good quality work ; that is enriched with original ideas and relevant to scientific community .
more often this type of publications are discovered through the citation mechan... | we introduce and solve a model which considers two coupled networks growing simultaneously .
the dynamics of the networks is governed by the new arrival of network elements ( nodes ) making preferential attachments to pre - existing nodes in both networks .
the model segregates the links in the networks as intra -... | [
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agn have first been discovered in the radio and soon after searched in the optical band .
consequently , they have been classified using their optical characteristics and mainly divided into two categories : type 1 ( agn1 ) and 2 ( agn2 ) according to the presence or not of broad emission lines in their optical spectra... | we present optical spectroscopic identifications of hard x - ray ( 5 - 10 kev ) selected sources belonging to the hellas sample obtained with _ bepposax _ down to a 5 - 10 kev flux limit of @xmath0@xmath1@xmath2 erg @xmath3 s@xmath4 .
the sample consists of 118 sources .
25 sources have been identified trough corr... | [
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the theoretical description of hadron production at large transverse momentum ( @xmath2 ) in either hadronic or nuclear collisions at high energies is traditionally framed in a two - step process that involves first a hard scattering of partons , followed by the fragmentation of the scattered parton to the detected had... | we develop the notion of shower partons and determine their distributions in jets in the framework of the recombination model .
the shower parton distributions obtained render a good fit of the fragmentation functions .
we then illustrate the usefulness of the distributions in a problem where a jet is produced in ... | [
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a qn is the explosive transition of a massive neutron star ( ns ) to a quark star ( qs ; the compact remnant ) .
it ejects the outermost layers of the ns as the relativistic qn ejecta with kinetic energy exceeding excess @xmath2 erg .
the interaction of this ejecta with its surroundings leads to unique phenomena and ha... | the explosive transition of a massive neutron star to a quark star ( the quark - nova ; qn ) releases in excess of @xmath0 erg in kinetic energy which can drastically impact the surrounding environment of the qn .
a qn is triggered when a neutron star gains enough mass to reach the critical value for quark deconfine... | [
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most fundamental physical stellar parameters of field white dwarfs , such as effective temperature , surface gravity , and magnetic field strength can directly be measured with high precision from spectroscopic observations .
assuming a mass - radius relation , both mass and radius may be inferred independently of the ... | we present low - state iue spectroscopy of the rosat - discovered polar rxj1313.2@xmath03259 .
the swp spectrum displays a broad absorption profile , which can be fitted with a two - temperature model of a white dwarf of @xmath1k with a hot spot of @xmath2k which covers @xmath3 of the white dwarf surface .
the wh... | [
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the recent discovery of huge quantities of dust ( @xmath5 ) in very high redshifted galaxies and quasars ( isaak et al . 2002 ; bertoldi et al .
2003 ) suggests that dust was produced efficiently in the first generation of supernovae ( sne ) . theoretical studies ( kozasa et al .
1991 ; todini & ferrara 2001 , hereaft... | we performed _ spitzer _
infrared spectrograph mapping observations covering nearly the entire extent of the cassiopeia a supernova remnant ( snr ) , producing mid - infrared ( 5.5 - 35 @xmath0 m ) spectra every 5@xmath1 - 10@xmath1 .
gas lines of ar , ne , o , si , s and fe , and dust continua were strong for mos... | [
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the impossibility of superluminal communication through the use of quantum entanglement has already been vividly discussed in the past , see for example @xcite .
recently this topic has re - entered the stage of present research in the context of quantum cloning : the no - signalling constraint has been used to derive ... | we show that non - locality of quantum mechanics can not lead to superluminal transmission of information , even if most general local operations are allowed , as long as they are linear and trace preserving .
in particular , any quantum mechanical approximate cloning transformation does not allow signalling .
on ... | [
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one of the most important motivations of these series of conferences is to promote vigorous interaction between statisticians and astronomers .
the organizers merit our admiration for bringing together such a stellar cast of colleagues from both fields . in this third edition ,
one of the central subjects is cosmology ... | in this introductory talk we will establish connections between the statistical analysis of galaxy clustering in cosmology and recent work in mainstream spatial statistics .
the lecture will review the methods of spatial statistics used by both sets of scholars , having in mind the cross - fertilizing purpose of the... | [
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the identification of the higgs boson(s ) is one of the main goals of the large hadron collider ( lhc ) being built at cern .
there are expectations that there exists a ` light ' higgs boson with mass @xmath3 gev . in this mass range
, its detection at the lhc will be challenging .
there is no obvious perfect detectio... | we show that exclusive double - diffractive higgs production , @xmath0 , followed by the @xmath1 decay , could play an important role in identifying a ` light ' higgs boson at the lhc , provided that the forward outgoing protons are tagged .
we predict the cross sections for the signal and for all possible @xmath2 b... | [
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we are interested in the following nonconvex semidefinite programming problem : @xmath1 where @xmath2 is convex , @xmath3 is a nonempty , closed convex set in @xmath4 and @xmath5 ( @xmath6 ) are nonconvex matrix - valued mappings and smooth .
the notation @xmath7 means that @xmath8 is a symmetric negative semidefinite ... | in this work , we propose a new local optimization method to solve a class of nonconvex semidefinite programming ( sdp ) problems . the basic idea is to approximate the feasible set of the nonconvex sdp problem by inner positive semidefinite convex approximations via a parameterization technique .
this leads to an i... | [
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the dynamics of fluids can exhibit hysteresis .
for example , a flag - like object shows bistability between flapping and nonflapping states @xcite .
hysteresis also exists in vortex shedding dynamics behind rigid objects , such as a vibrating cylinder @xcite , a multiple cylinder arrangement @xcite , a long cylinde... | it is shown using numerical simulations that flow patterns around an obstacle potential moving in a superfluid exhibit hysteresis . in a certain velocity region , there is a bistability between stationary laminar flow and periodic vortex shedding .
the bistability exists in two and three dimensional systems . | [
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a proper choice of order parameters is the most important perspective for building a sound model for liquid crystals .
the order parameters should be simple and explanatory in terms of mathematics and physics , while efficient in computations . from the viewpoint of theoretical analysis
, it is desirable to adopt order... | in this article , we study the new q - tensor model previously derived from onsager s molecular theory by han _
et al . _
[ _ arch .
rational mech .
anal .
_ , 215.3 ( 2014 ) , pp .
741 - 809 ] for static liquid crystal modeling .
taking density and q - tensor as order parameters , the new q - tensor mod... | [
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radio galaxies ( rgs ) represent the largest single objects in the universe .
powered by an active galactic nucleus ( agn ) jets emerge from the central engine , which very likely is a super - massive black hole accreting matter surrounding it .
there is a huge range of linear extent of the rgs : from less than @xmath0... | an extensive search for distant giant radio galaxies on the southern hemisphere is justified .
we emphasize the crucial role of optical spectroscopy in determination of their basic physical parameters , i.e. the distance , projected linear size , volume of their lobes or cocoon , luminosity , etc . , and argue that ... | [
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the unexpected behavior of some fusion - evaporation cross sections at energies far below the coulomb barrier , has challenged the theoretical models to explain the , so called , fusion hinderance phenomena in true coupled - channels calculations ( ccc ) for reactions such as @xmath4ni+@xmath4ni , @xmath1ni+@xmath1ni ,... | we obtain the nuclear proximity potential by using semiclassical extended thomas fermi ( etf ) approach in skyrme energy density formalism ( sedf ) , and use it in the extended @xmath0-summed wong formula under frozen density approximation .
this method has the advantage of allowing the use of different skyrme force... | [
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in 1983 thouless @xcite proposed a simple pumping mechanism to produce , even in the absence of an external bias , a quantized electron current through a quantum conductor by an appropriate time - dependent variation of the system parameters .
experimental realizations of quantum pumps using quantum dots ( qds ) were a... | we study non - adiabatic charge pumping through single - level quantum dots taking into account coulomb interactions .
we show how a truncated set of equations of motion can be propagated in time by means of an auxiliary - mode expansion .
this formalism is capable of treating the time - dependent electronic trans... | [
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the collective dynamics of complex distributed systems often can be usefully described in terms of a superposition of rate processes or frequencies which determine the changes in macroscopically measurable variables as energy flows through the system ; that is , a dynamical model expressed as a system of coupled ordina... | a case study in bifurcation and stability analysis is presented , in which reduced dynamical system modelling yields substantial new global and predictive information about the behaviour of a complex system . the first smooth pathway , free of pathological and persistent degenerate singularities , is surveyed through ... | [
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the long - time dynamics of biological evolution have recently attracted considerable interest among statistical physicists @xcite , who find in this field new and challenging interacting nonequilibrium systems .
an example is the bak - sneppen model @xcite , in which interacting species are the basic units , and less ... | we present long monte carlo simulations of a simple model of biological macroevolution in which births , deaths , and mutational changes in the genome take place at the level of individual organisms .
the model displays punctuated equilibria and flicker noise with a @xmath0-like power spectrum , consistent with some... | [
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the top quark is the heaviest known elementary particle , with a mass very close to the electroweak symmetry - breaking scale . as such
, the top could be sensitive to physics beyond the standard model ( sm ) @xcite .
new particles decaying to @xmath1 pairs can be scalar or vector , color - singlet or color - octet ; a... | we present the result of a search for a massive color - octet vector particle , ( e.g. a massive gluon ) decaying to a pair of top quarks in proton - antiproton collisions with a center - of - mass energy of 1.96 tev .
this search is based on 1.9 fb@xmath0 of data collected using the cdf detector during run ii of ... | [
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the evidence for the existence of dark matter in various astrophysical systems has been gathering over the past three decades .
it is now well - recognized that the presence of dark matter is required in order to explain the observations of galaxies and other astrophysical systems on larger scales .
the clearest suppor... | it is well known that the dark matter dominates the dynamics of galaxies and clusters of galaxies .
its constituents remain a mystery despite an assiduous search for them over the past three decades .
recent results from the satellite - based pamela experiment detect an excess in the positron fraction at energies ... | [
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differential geometry has proven to be highly valuable in extracting the geometric meaning of continuum vector theories .
of particular interest has been the dirac - khler formulation of fermionic field theory @xcite , which uses the antisymmetry inherent in the product between differential forms to describe the cliffo... | it is shown that an exact chiral symmetry can be described for dirac - khler fermions using the two complexes of the geometric discretization .
this principle is extended to describe exact flavour projection and it is shown that this necessitates the introduction of a new operator and two new structures of complex .... | [
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in the last few years a new phenomenon has attracted attention of the community of soft condensed matter physicists appearance of attraction between like charged macromolecules in solutions containing multivalent ions .
the problem is particularly fascinating because it contradicts our well established intuition that ... | a simple model is presented for the appearance of attraction between two like charged polyions inside a polyelectrolyte solution .
the polyions are modeled as rigid cylinders in a continuum dielectric solvent .
the strong electrostatic interaction between the polyions and the counterions results in counterion cond... | [
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pulsars lose their spin energy via relativistic pulsar winds ( pws ) of charged particles .
the pw shocks in the ambient medium and forms a pulsar wind nebula ( pwn ) whose synchrotron radiation can be observed in a very broad energy range , from the radio to tev @xmath8-rays ( see kaspi et al .
2006 , gaensler & slane... | previous observations of the middle - aged pulsar geminga with _ xmm - newton _ and _ chandra _ have shown an unusual pulsar wind nebula ( pwn ) , with a @xmath0 long central ( axial ) tail directed opposite to the pulsar s proper motion and two @xmath1 long , bent lateral ( outer ) tails . here
we report on a deepe... | [
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the need for the efficient use of the scarce spectrum in wireless applications has led to significant interest in the analysis of cognitive radio systems .
one possible scheme for the operation of the cognitive radio network is to allow the secondary users to transmit concurrently on the same frequency band with the pr... | in this paper , a cognitive relay channel is considered , and amplify - and - forward ( af ) relay beamforming designs in the presence of an eavesdropper and a primary user are studied .
our objective is to optimize the performance of the cognitive relay beamforming system while limiting the interference in the dire... | [
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sigmoidal input - output response modules are very well - conserved in cell signaling networks that might be used to implement binary responses , a key element in cellular decision processes .
additionally , sigmoidal modules might be part of more complex structures , where they can provide the nonlinearities which are... | ultrasensitive response motifs , which are capable of converting graded stimulus in binary responses , are very well - conserved in signal transduction networks . although it has been shown that a cascade arrangement of multiple ultrasensitive modules can produce an enhancement of the system s ultrasensitivity , how t... | [
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after carrying out a fourier transform and a multipole decomposition , the radial and time parts of the retarded green function for linear fields on a schwarzschild black hole can be written as @xmath15 where @xmath16 , @xmath17 is the multipole number , @xmath18 , @xmath19 and @xmath20 is the wronskian of the two func... | linear field perturbations of a black hole are described by the green function of the wave equation that they obey .
after fourier decomposing the green function , its two natural contributions are given by poles ( quasinormal modes ) and a largely unexplored branch cut in the complex - frequency plane .
we presen... | [
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observational manifestations of magnetic fields in intermediate- and high - mass stars with radiative envelopes differ considerably from the magnetism of solar - type and low - mass stars .
as directly observed for the sun and inferred for many late - type stars , vigorous envelope convection and differential rotation ... | stars with radiative envelopes , specifically the upper main sequence chemically peculiar ( ap ) stars , were among the first objects outside our solar system for which surface magnetic fields have been detected
. currently magnetic ap stars remains the only class of stars for which high - resolution measurements of... | [
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generally , the observed radio spectra of most pulsars can be modelled as a power law with negative spectral indices of about -1.8 ( @xcite ) .
if a pulsar can be observed at frequencies low enough ( i.e. ) , it may also show a low - frequency turnover in its spectrum ( @xcite ; @xcite ) .
on the other hand... | we studied the radio spectrum of psr b1259 - 63 in an unique binary with be star ls 2883 and showed that the shape of the spectrum depends on the orbital phase .
we proposed a qualitative model which explains this evolution .
we considered two mechanisms that might influence the observed radio emission : free - ... | [
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an electron incident on a superconductor from a normal metal , with an energy smaller than the superconducting energy gap , can not propagate into the superconductor and thus should be perfectly reflected .
however , andreev discovered a mechanism for transmission , in which an electron may form a cooper pair with anot... | we study andreev reflection in normal metal - superconductor junctions by using an extended blonder - tinkham - klapwijk model combined with transport calculations based on density functional theory . starting from a parameter - free description of the underlying electronic structure , we perform a detailed investigat... | [
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the recent discovery of superconductivity in lafeas[o , f ] has intrigued tremendous interest in layered feas systems.@xcite intensive studies have revealed that , by substituting la with ce , sm , nd , pr , and gd , @xcite the superconducting temperature ( @xmath6 ) can be raised from 26 up to 53.3 k , and even higher... | we report a systematic first - principles study on the recent discovered superconducting ba@xmath0k@xmath1fe@xmath2as@xmath2 systems ( @xmath3 = 0.00 , 0.25 , 0.50 , 0.75 , and 1.00 ) .
previous theoretical studies strongly overestimated the magnetic moment on fe of the parent compound bafe@xmath2as@xmath2 . using a... | [
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the exponentially growing number of known extrasolar planets now enables statistical analyses to probe their formation mechanism .
two theoretical frameworks have been proposed to account for the formation of gas giant planets : the slow and gradual core accretion model @xcite , and the fast and abrupt disk fragmentati... | in this article , i examine several observational trends regarding protoplanetary disks , debris disks and exoplanets in binary systems in an attempt to constrain the physical mechanisms of planet formation in such a context .
binaries wider than about 100au are indistinguishable from single stars in all aspects .
... | [
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the self - avoiding walk ( saw ) model is an important model in statistical physics @xcite .
it models the excluded - volume effect observed in real polymers , and exactly captures universal features such as critical exponents and amplitude ratios .
it is also an important model in the study of critical phenomena , as... | the pivot algorithm for self - avoiding walks has been implemented in a manner which is dramatically faster than previous implementations , enabling extremely long walks to be efficiently simulated .
we explicitly describe the data structures and algorithms used , and provide a heuristic argument that the mean time ... | [
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let @xmath8 and @xmath1 be the space of @xmath2-frames in @xmath3 ( i.e. the space of @xmath2-tuples of linearly independent vectors in @xmath3 ) , @xmath9 .
the group @xmath10 acts on this space as follows : @xmath11 the action is transitive for @xmath12 . let @xmath5 be a lattice in @xmath10 ; that is , a discrete su... | we study distribution of orbits of a lattice @xmath0 in the the space @xmath1 of @xmath2-frames in @xmath3 ( @xmath4 ) .
examples of dense @xmath5-orbits are known from the work of dani , raghavan , and veech .
we show that dense orbits of @xmath5 are uniformly distributed in @xmath1 with respect to an explicitly ... | [
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the casimir force , as exhibited between neutral metallic parallel plates , was discovered theoretically in 1948 @xcite .
the casimir torque between asymmetric materials was first studied in 1973 @xcite .
recently , theoretical study of the lateral casimir force between corrugated parallel plates was pioneered and de... | we calculate the lateral casimir force between corrugated parallel plates , described by @xmath0-function potentials , interacting through a scalar field , using the multiple scattering formalism .
the contributions to the casimir energy due to uncorrugated parallel plates is treated as a background from the outset ... | [
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the @xmath0-invariance of the maxwell equation was discovered by cunningham and bateman a century ago .
however in order to quantize the maxwell field and due to gauge freedom , a gauge fixing condition is necessary .
the lorenz gauge is usually used , which breaks the @xmath0 invariance .
nonetheless since such a symm... | we present an @xmath0-covariant quantization of the free electromagnetic field in conformally flat spaces ( cfs ) .
a cfs is realized in a six - dimensional space as an intersection of the null cone with a given surface .
the smooth move of the latter is equivalent to perform a weyl rescaling .
this allows to tr... | [
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the formation of jets is the most prominent feature of perturbative qcd in @xmath0 annihilation into hadrons .
jets can be visualized as large portions of hadronic energy or , equivalently , as a set of hadrons confined to an angular region in the detector . in the past , this qualitative definition was replaced by qua... | expressions for sudakov form factors for heavy quarks are presented .
they are used to construct resummed jet rates in @xmath0 annihilation .
predictions are given for production of bottom quarks at lep and top quarks at the linear collider . | [
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the physical origin of spatially extended ( tens to hundreds of kiloparsecs ) luminous ( @xmath4erg / s ) ly@xmath0 sources , also known as ly@xmath0 blobs ( labs ) first discovered more than a decade ago ( e.g. , * ? ? ?
* ; * ? ? ?
* ; * ? ? ?
* ; * ? ? ?
* ) , remains a mystery . by now
several tens of labs have bee... | we present a new model for the observed ly@xmath0 blobs ( labs ) within the context of the standard cold dark matter model . in this model , labs are the most massive halos with the strongest clustering ( proto - clusters ) undergoing extreme starbursts in the high - z universe . aided by calculations of detailed radi... | [
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investigations of sheath formation in front of a floating plate have hitherto been restricted to fluid studies on the ion time scale [ 1 ] . by contrast , the response of the plasma in the very early stages of sheath formation is not well known . in this paper , we present pic simulations of the plasma dynamics over ju... | the problem of sheath formation in front of a conductive planar plate inserted into the plasma is formulated .
initially , the plate is assumed to be neutral .
it is shown that the charging - up process of the plate is accompanied by the excitation of electron plasma waves . _
@xmath0 plasma physics departmen... | [
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studies of nuclei far from stability have long been a goal of nuclear science .
nuclei on either side of the stability region , either neutron - rich or deficient , are being produced at new radioactive beam facilities across the world . at these facilities , and with the help of advances in nuclear many - body theory
... | the shell - model monte carlo ( smmc ) technique transforms the traditional nuclear shell - model problem into a path - integral over auxiliary fields .
we describe below the method and its applications to four physics issues : calculations of @xmath0-@xmath1- shell nuclei , a discussion of electron - capture rates ... | [
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recent advanced material technologies have made it possible to access low - dimensional quantum systems .
furthermore , material synthesis has offered a great opportunity to explore more intriguing lower - dimensional spin systems rather than well - understood conventional spin systems @xcite .
in such a low - dimensio... | a systematic analysis is performed for quantum phase transitions in a bond - alternative one - dimensional ising model with a dzyaloshinskii - moriya ( dm ) interaction by using the fidelity of ground state wave functions based on the infinite matrix product states algorithm . for an antiferromagnetic phase ,
the fi... | [
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it is now an established experimental fact that there are events with large rapidity gaps in the hadronic final state in which there is a large momentum transfer across the gap .
such events have been observed at both the tevatron @xcite and hera @xcite in the rapidity gaps between jets process suggested for study by b... | the double dissociation photoproduction cross section for the process @xmath0 , in which the systems @xmath1 and @xmath2 are separated by a large rapidity gap , is measured at large 4-momentum transfer squared @xmath3 by the h1 collaboration at hera .
this measurement provides for the first time a direct measurement... | [
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one of the most basic questions that arises in trying to understand the nonperturbative structure of string theory concerns the classification of vector bundles over real and complex manifolds . in the presence of d - branes one encounters gauge theories in spacetime dimensionalities up to ten .
already more than 20 ye... | we construct explicit bps and non - bps solutions of the yang - mills equations on the noncommutative space @xmath0 which have manifest spherical symmetry . using @xmath1-equivariant dimensional reduction techniques ,
we show that the solutions imply an equivalence between instantons on @xmath0 and nonabelian vortic... | [
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it may be worth recalling some of the main properties of the milky way open cluster system .
the census of open clusters is still highly incomplete beyond distances of a few kpc from the sun , although the situation is improving with new surveys such as 2mass ( see e.g. the contributions by carpenter and hanson in thi... | young star clusters with masses similar to those of classical old globular clusters are observed not only in starbursts , mergers or otherwise disturbed galaxies , but also in normal spiral galaxies .
some young clusters with masses as high as @xmath0 have been found in the disks of isolated spirals .
dynamical ma... | [
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finite temperature instantons ( calorons ) have a rich structure if one allows the polyakov loop , @xmath1 in the periodic gauge @xmath2 , to be non - trivial at spatial infinity ( specifying the holonomy ) .
it implies the spontaneous breakdown of gauge symmetry . for a charge one @xmath3 caloron
, the location of the... | we analyse what happens with two merging constituent monopoles for the @xmath0 caloron .
identified through degenerate eigenvalues ( the singularities or defects of the abelian projection ) of the polyakov loop , it follows that there are defects that are not directly related to the actual constituent monopoles
. ... | [
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bressan , granato & silva @xcite have suggested that the presence of dusty circumstellar envelopes around asymptotic giant branch(agb ) stars should leave a signature , a clear excess at 10 @xmath0 m , in the mid infrared ( mir ) spectral region of passively evolving stellar systems .
early detections of such an excess... | we present high signal to noise ratio _ spitzer _ infrared spectrograph observations of 17 virgo early - type galaxies .
the galaxies were selected from those that define the colour - magnitude relation of the cluster , with the aim of detecting the silicate emission of their dusty , mass - losing evolved stars . to... | [
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the identification of dark matter is one of the major open questions in physics , astrophysics , and cosmology .
recent cosmological observations together with constraints from primordial nucleosynthesis point to the presence of non - baryonic dark matter in the universe .
the nature of this non - baryonic dark matter ... | directional dark matter detectors will be able to record the recoil momentum spectrum of nuclei hit by dark matter wimps .
we show that the recoil momentum spectrum is the radon transform of the wimp velocity distribution .
this allows us to obtain analytic expressions for the recoil spectra of a variety of veloci... | [
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study of geodesics has been one of the main tools in the investigation of the physical properties of spacetimes since the very establishment of general relativity for a general review of both geodesics and electrogeodesics for the reissner - nordstrm as well as other spacetimes , see , for example , the classical book... | we investigate the ( electro-)geodesic structure of the majumdar - papapetrou solution representing static charged black holes in equilibrium .
we assume only two point sources , imparting thus the spacetime axial symmetry .
we study electrogeodesics both in and off the equatorial plane and explore the stability o... | [
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the parallel chip - firing game or candy - passing game is a periodic automaton on graphs in which vertices , each of which contains some nonnegative number of chips , `` fire '' exactly one chip to each of their neighbors if possible .
formally , let @xmath4 be an undirected graph with vertex set @xmath5 and edge set ... | the parallel chip - firing game is a periodic automaton on graphs in which vertices `` fire '' chips to their neighbors . in 1989 , bitar conjectured that the period of a parallel chip - firing game with @xmath0 vertices is at most @xmath0 .
though this conjecture was disproven in 1994 by kiwi et .
al .
, it ha... | [
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being able to read news from other countries and written in other languages allows readers to be better informed .
it allows them to detect national news bias and thus improves transparency and democracy .
existing online translation systems such as _ google translate _ and _ _ bing translator _ _ are thus a great serv... | we propose a real - time machine translation system that allows users to select a news category and to translate the related live news articles from arabic , czech , danish , farsi , french , german , italian , polish , portuguese , spanish and turkish into english .
the moses - based system was optimised for the ne... | [
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the acceleration of charged particles to high energies in the solar corona is related to flares , which reveal the dissipation of magnetically stored energy in complex magnetic field structures of the low corona , and to coronal mass ejections ( cmes ) , which are large - scale , complex magnetic - field - plasma struc... | on 17 january 2005 two fast coronal mass ejections were recorded in close succession during two distinct episodes of a 3b / x3.8 flare . both were accompanied by metre - to - kilometre type - iii groups tracing energetic electrons that escape into the interplanetary space and by decametre - to - hectometre type - ii b... | [
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biometric authentication systems are becoming prevalent in access control and in consumer technology .
in such systems , the user submits their user name and his / her biometric sample , which is compared to the stored biometric template associated with this user name ( one - to - one matching ) .
the popularity of bio... | one of the main challenges faced by biometric - based authentication systems is the need to offer secure authentication while maintaining the privacy of the biometric data .
previous solutions , such as secure sketch and fuzzy extractors , rely on assumptions that can not be guaranteed in practice , and often affect... | [
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thanks to a fortunate coincidence of observations by agile , _ fermi _ , and _ swift _ satellites , together with the optical observations by the vlt / fors2 and the nordic optical telescope , it has been possible to obtain an unprecedented set of data , extending from the optical - uv , through the x - rays , all the ... | in a new classification of merging binary neutron stars ( nss ) we separate short gamma - ray bursts ( grbs ) in two sub - classes . the ones with @xmath0 erg coalesce to form a massive ns and are indicated as short gamma - ray flashes ( s - grfs ) .
the hardest , with @xmath1 erg , coalesce to form a black hole (... | [
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measurements at lep , sld , and the tevatron have been used extensively to limit models with physics beyond that of the standard model ( sm)@xcite . by performing global fits to a series of precision measurements , information about the parameters of new models
can be inferred@xcite .
the simplest example of this appro... | electroweak precision data have been extensively used to constrain models containing physics beyond that of the standard model .
when the model contains higgs scalars in representations other than singlets or doublets , and hence @xmath0 at tree level , a correct renormalization scheme requires more inputs than the ... | [
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atoms in highly excited rydberg states ( principal quantum number @xmath3 ) have large radii and electric - dipole transition matrix elements ( @xmath4 ) , large polarizabilities ( @xmath5 ) and strong van - der - waals interactions ( @xmath6 ) @xcite.these properties have led to a variety of interesting investigation... | the passage of cold cesium 49s@xmath0 rydberg atoms through an electric - field - induced multi - level avoided crossing with nearby hydrogen - like rydberg levels is employed to prepare a cold , dipolar rydberg atom gas .
when the electric field is ramped through the avoided crossing on time scales on the order of ... | [
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granular crystals are material systems based on the assembly of particles in one- , two- and three - dimensions inside a matrix ( or a holder ) in ordered closely packed configurations in which the grains are in contact with each other @xcite
. the fundamental building blocks constituting such systems are macroscopic p... | our aim in the present work is to develop approximations for the collisional dynamics of traveling waves in the context of granular chains in the presence of precompression . to that effect
, we aim to quantify approximations of the relevant hertzian fpu - type lattice through both the korteweg - de vries ( kdv ) eq... | [
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0.755378484725952... |
j.y.o . thanks b. alver , a.h . mueller and d. schiff for helpful discussions .
is supported through bmbf grant 05 cu5ri1/3 .
j. y. ollitrault , phys .
d * 46 * , 229 ( 1992 ) .
k. h. ackermann _ et al .
_ , phys . rev
. lett . * 86 * , 402 ( 2001 ) .
h. sorge , phys .
lett . * 82 * , 2048 ( 1999 ) .
r. ... | we show that the centrality and system - size dependence of elliptic flow measured at rhic are fully described by a simple model based on eccentricity scaling and incomplete thermalization .
we argue that the elliptic flow is at least 25% below the ( ideal ) `` hydrodynamic limit '' , even for the most central au - ... | [
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0.49765843152... |
the rotor mechanism , firstly proposed in the theory of self - organized criticality @xcite under name `` eulerian walk '' @xcite , was rediscovered independently as a tool for a derandomization of the random walk @xcite .
the subsequent studies were concerned with collective properties of the medium `` organized '' by... | we study the rotor - router walk on the infinite square lattice with the outgoing edges at each lattice site ordered clockwise . in the previous paper [ j.phys.a : math .
theor .
48 , 285203 ( 2015 ) ] , we have considered the loops created by rotors and labeled sites where the loops become closed .
the sequence... | [
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from the time of hawking s discovery that black holes radiate with the black - body radiation , the problem of information stored in a black hole @xcite attracted much attention .
different ideas were discussed , in particular those of remnants @xcite , `` fuzziness '' of the black hole @xcite and refs .
therein , quan... | the density matrix of hawking radiation is calculated in the model of black hole with fluctuating horizon .
quantum fluctuations smear the classical horizon of black hole and modify the density matrix of radiation producing the off - diagonal elements .
the off - diagonal elements may store information of correlat... | [
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a choice of nonconstant meromorphic function @xmath28 on a compact riemann surface @xmath0 realizes @xmath0 as a finite sheeted branched covering of the riemann sphere @xmath29 .
_ log - riemann surfaces of finite type _
are certain branched coverings , in a generalized sense , of @xmath30 by a punctured compact rieman... | an exp - algebraic curve consists of a compact riemann surface @xmath0 together with @xmath1 equivalence classes of germs of meromorphic functions modulo germs of holomorphic functions , @xmath2 , \cdots , [ h_n ] \}$ ] , with poles of orders @xmath3 at points @xmath4 .
this data determines a space of functions @xma... | [
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in 1988 , a. barkai and c.d mcquaid reported a novel observation in population ecology while studying benthic fauna in south african shores @xcite : a predator - prey role reversal between a decapod crustacean and a marine snail .
specifically , in malgas island , the rock lobster _ jasus lalandii _ preys on a type of ... | predator - prey relationships are one of the most studied interactions in population ecology .
however , little attention has been paid to the possibility of role exchange between species once determined as predators and preys , despite firm field evidence of such phenomena in the nature . in this paper
, we build... | [
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starting from the first telescopic sunspot observations by david and johannes fabricius , galileo galilei , thomas harriot and christoph scheiner , the 400-year sunspot record is one of the longest directly recorded scientific data series , and forms the basis for numerous studies in a wide range of research such as , ... | because of the lack of reliable sunspot observation , the quality of sunspot number series is poor in the late 18th century , leading to the abnormally long solar cycle ( 17841799 ) before the dalton minimum . using the newly recovered solar drawings by the 1819th century observers staudacher and hamilton , we constru... | [
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0.547777414321899... |
this work was supported by gesellschaft fr schwerionenforschung , darmstadt ( gsi ) and by the loewe initiative of the state of hessen through the helmholtz international center for fair .
s. a. bass , m. gyulassy , h. stoecker and w. greiner , j. phys .
g * 25 * , r1 ( 1999 ) [ arxiv : hep - ph/9810281 ] .
k. a... | we discuss one of the most prominent features of the very recent preliminary elliptic flow data of @xmath0 meson from the phenix collaboration @xcite . even within the the rather large error bars of the measured data
a negative elliptic flow parameter ( @xmath1 ) for @xmath0 in the range of @xmath2 is visible .
we... | [
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0.452279239... |
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