inputs stringlengths 17 1.05M | targets stringlengths 0 2.92M | _template_idx int64 0 9 | _task_source stringclasses 1 value | _task_name stringclasses 70 values | _template_type stringclasses 1 value |
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Premise: A couple kiss while standing in front of a white statue depicting a family.
Hypothesis: There is a couple sitting outdoors near a statue
.Choose the correct answer: Given the premise, can we conclude the hypothesis?
Available options:
* yes;
* it is not possible to tell;
* no; | no | 5 | Flan2021 | snli:1.1.0 | zs_opt |
Generate a context and a hypothesis. | Context: Homebrew is a free and open-source software package management system that simplifies the installation of software on Apple's macOS operating system. Originally written by Max Howell, the package manager has gained popularity in the Ruby on Rails community and earned praise for its extensibility. Homebrew has been recommended for its ease of use as well as its integration into the command line.
Hypothesis: There are other open-source software package management systems that are more streamlined | 9 | Flan2021 | anli/r2:0.1.0 | zs_opt |
Translate the following sentence to Russian:
The dynamic and even the very existence of the tusovka its life is defined by the concrete interactions between these gestures of mutual provocation, rejection, contestation, calling-into-question.
Russian: | Динамика и само существование тусовки, ее жизнь определяется конкретными взаимодействиями этих жестов взаимной провокации, непризнания, оспаривания, постановки под вопрос. | 5 | Flan2021 | wmt16_translate/ru-en:1.0.0 | zs_opt |
After becoming disabled in a machete attack on a visit to his native Haiti, Jean-Claude Joseph needed help persuading his landlord to move him from a fifth-floor apartment to one on the ground floor. Isaac Benjamin became ensnared in a bureaucratic snafu that took away his Social Security disability payments for more than two years. The story of Martha, a woman from Sierra Leone, was more compelling. Beaten, raped and tortured in her politically repressive homeland, she knowingly used someone else's passport to escape to America, but was caught by immigration authorities upon her arrival. She desperately sought political asylum. Not the kind of cases that lead to ground-breaking upheavals in the law, but the kind of cases that are handled day in and day out by lawyers for the legally disenfranchised who have no where else to turn. The work of attorneys from Legal Services of New Jersey will be highlighted in a onehour documentary, "Quest for Justice," to be aired 9 p.m. today on New Jersey Network. Produced by NYD2, a communications firm based in Somerset, the documentary features case histories of clients whose needs ranged from housing to fighting off deportation. Joseph, a 54-year-old naturalized citizen, turned to Legal Services when the landlord of his federally subsidized apartment complex in Elizabeth turned a deaf ear to his request for a ground-floor apartment. Having lost the use of his left arm in warding off the machete attack during a robbery attempt, Joseph said he found it increasingly difficult to negotiate the five flights of stairs lugging groceries or laundry on the frequent occasions when the building's elevator was out of order. "With this, it became impossible for me to stay upstairs," he said, pointing to the scars on his forearm. "If I cannot carry my groceries or my laundry, how can I live?" "It was a compelling case," said Legal Services attorney Stephen St. Hilaire. "The key for us -- and we have to make tough decisions all the time on whether to take a case -- was visualizing what he had to do to get to the fifth floor, struggling with a bag of groceries," he said. Benjamin, 53, of Jersey City had been collecting Social Security disability after undergoing double bypass surgery when the checks stopped coming. He said the agency claimed he had failed to return a form updating the condition of his health. "But what got me was they didn't let me know they didn't get it, they just cut me off," he said, adding he found it impossible to negotiate the Social Security bureaucracy himself.
After reading the above, is "42.5" the correct answer to the question "What is the age of the Jean-Claude Joseph and what happened to his left arm?"?
Available choices:
[A]. no
[B]. yes | [A]. | 6 | Flan2021 | super_glue/multirc:1.0.2 | zs_opt |
The Texas Rangers lost the world series to the Cardinals since they had a stronger desire to win the series.
Who is "they" in this prior sentence(see options)?
Select from the following.
a). The Texas Rangers.
b). the Cardinals. | b). | 1 | Flan2021 | definite_pronoun_resolution:1.1.0 | zs_opt |
What's an example of a movie review? | My 3 year old loved it. I loved it, my wife loved it. So 10 out of 10 from our family. As for violence level? Not really that violent, mostly of the slap stick variety. Nobody truly dies, no gore, no blood, no torture, so it certainly is appropriate for children, much more so than many Saturday morning cartoons.
This movie really takes the idea of CG movies where it should go.
First of all beautiful graphics, textures wonderfully done, with true depth, not trying to be realistic, but forming an artistic whole. The moss on the stones, the rust on metal, the reliefs on the wood and the stone, everything adds to the whole.
Character modeling, unlike many contemporary CG movies, is quirky, not cute, again within an artistic whole. The faces may look less malleable than in some other movies, but the characters are more puppet-like than human-like. I think that is a good thing, it lends veracity, how strangely it may sound, it is easier to suspend your disbelief.
Hair, fur, clothing, on par, at least with the likes of Pixar. Just note in the opening scenes when Lian-Chu is fighting the giant slug; Gwizdo is in front of some farmers, and all of them have detailed clothing which caused me to pause the movie just to admire it.
The setting. Far beyond the likes of Cars, and even WallE. Space has been done many times, but the fantasy environs of Dragon Hunters are only comparable with some scenes in Never Ending Story and Lord of the Rings, but again it is an artistic whole, and with lots of good ideas thrown about effortlessly. Magnificent vistas like the scene in Monsters Inc. where they ride all the doorways through its storage facility, or WallE where we see the immense trash towers he made, abound in this movie, everything is grand, yet never dwelt upon; it is just the background the whole way! The interlude where they walk through the area with the fantastic falls. The Chinese wall, the islands floating in the sky. The Broccoli in the sky? That is truly where I believe CG should go, make something which takes your breath away, and do it again and again.
The sound is good, the music is varied and not only epic, and thankfully without any vocals, and purely original for the movie.
Animation is quite good. Lending its inspiration to cartoons, especially some good use of stretch and squeeze. Sometimes not that realistic, but the 3d models are not realistic either.
Characterization is well done too. Lian-Chu the gentle and uncertain giant is gradually growing in confidence basking in the attention of little Zoé.
Gwizdo the wily manager of Lian-Chu redeems himself in the end, while Zoé isn't really changed at all, but who wants that cute child to change anyway? I at least loved Lian-Chu more than any other recent character since Sulley in Monsters Inc.
The internal strife in the group gets ironed out by the external pressures, just as it should in a proper fantasy story.
The story is mostly reminiscent of the Never Ending Story, especially how the world brakes apart. The monsters are pretty standard fare, except the flocking one. It lacks the emotional impact of WallE, which is the really strong point of that movie, but it is a much more fun ride, and lacks the annoying musical scene replaying in the former one, and has action from the first scene. This movie is what you want to watch for a fun and exciting time.
The whole movie has, as I've mentioned a whole vision, which seems to have been followed rigorously throughout.
It seems, that the setting is ready for more adventures, and I for one would hope so.
One side note, the French actor doing Lian-Chu sounded a bit like Jean Reno at first, but I'm happy it wasn't him, though he is one of my favorites. Nice to hear a new, to me, voice.
I give it a max rating, a bit surprised at the mediocre and low ratings by some; I have tried to address some of the concerns made by two of the reviews with the lowest vote. Approach this movie as an adventure, and as a European movie, not opposed to Hollywood, but different. | 9 | Flan2021 | imdb_reviews/plain_text:1.0.0 | zs_opt |
Do these mean the same?
The Nadeş River is a tributary of the Ciortosu River in Romania .
The Ciortosu River is a tributary of Nadeş River in Romania .
Select from the following.
[i] no
[ii] yes | [i] | 8 | Flan2021 | paws_wiki:1.1.0 | zs_opt |
If "The police arrested all of the gang members. They were trying to stop the drug trade in the neighborhood.", does it follow that "The gang members were trying to stop the drug trade in the neighborhood."
Possible answers:
(1). no;
(2). yes; | (1). | 1 | Flan2021 | glue/wnli:2.0.0 | zs_opt |
Summarize this article:
GPS Trackers In Fake Elephant Tusks Reveal Ivory Smuggling Route
Hide caption Baby elephants are a welcome sight in Zakouma National Park in Chad. Thanks to stepped-up enforcement, the park hasn't lost an elephant to poachers since 2012. Without the stress of poaching, the elephants started breeding again, and more than 40 calves have been born. Previous Next Brent Stirton/National Geographic
Hide caption Rangers practice their riding skills at Zakouma National Park in Chad. The park has four mounted ranger teams because horses are the only way to effectively patrol during the wet season, when the elephants head to drier land outside the park. Previous Next Brent Stirton/National Geographic
Hide caption In May 2013 poachers with the insurgent group Seleka massacred 26 elephants at Dzanga Bai, a mineral-rich watering hole in the Central African Republic. Previous Next Michael Fay/Wildlife Conservation Society
Hide caption In January 2014, while X-raying a Vietnam-bound container declared to hold cashews, Togolese port authorities saw something unexpected: ivory. Eventually, more than 4 tons were found, Africa's largest seizure since the global ivory trade ban took effect in 1990. DNA suggests that some of the ivory is from elephants killed in May 2013 at Dzanga Bai in the Central African Republic. Previous Next Brent Stirton/National Geographic
Hide caption Members of the Ugandan army's dog-tracking team lift weights at the African Union base in Obo, Central African Republic. The dogs are Belgian Malinois shepherds, famed for their use in military operations, especially in tough conditions like the dense central African bush. Previous Next Brent Stirton/National Geographic
Hide caption Poaching has been curbed in Chad's Zakouma National Park, but rebuilding the park's herd, now at 450, will take years. Previous Next Brent Stirton/National Geographic
Hide caption Zakouma's Mamba Team 1 anti-poaching unit includes driver Issa Adoum (brown shirt). After Sudanese poachers killed his ranger father, Adoum refused diya, a traditional community payment. "Diya is for accidents," he says. Previous Next Brent Stirton/National Geographic 1 of 7 i View slideshow
Some 30,000 African elephants die each year as a result of poaching, and many of their ivory tusks wind up hundreds or thousands of miles away. Investigative journalist Bryan Christy wanted to track the route of the poached tusks, so he commissioned a taxidermist to create two fake ivory tusks, which he embedded with specially designed tracking devices.
"These tusks ... operate really like additional investigators, like members of our team, and almost like a robocop," Christy tells Fresh Air's Terry Gross.
Christy and his team tracked the smugglers as they transported the tusks north from Congo's Garamba National Park to Sudan. Frequently tusks are traded for arms or medicine in Sudan's Darfur region, but ultimately, Christy says, much of the ivory winds up in China.
"China is the biggest consumer of illegal ivory. ... Just a few years ago [China] purchased 60 tons of ivory from Africa, and it was that purchase that unleashed the notion that ivory is on the market again," he says.
Christy's article about tracking the ivory of African elephants is the cover story of National Geographic Magazine's September 2015 issue. The National Geographic Channel documentary Warlords of Ivory also reports on his efforts.
Interview Highlights
On the slaughter of elephants in central Africa
The damage being done to the elephant population in Africa is overwhelming. The generally accepted numbers now are 36,000 elephants killed every year. Over a three-year period — 2009 to 2012 — 100,000 elephants. And they're being killed by every manner conceivable: using AK-47s, poisoning waterholes, using poison spears, poison arrows.
In central Africa it's a war. You have rebel militia and terrorist groups killing elephants for ivory, taking that ivory, trading for arms, trading it for medicine. And one of the important things I learned in this project is, in many of these lawless states in central Africa, park rangers are the only protection [that] people on the ground have. So for me, this news story isn't about elephants, it's about violence, and these rangers represent the front lines between terrorists and people.
On tracking the path of the fake tusks over Google Earth
We're going to send them into a part of the world where it's too dangerous for us to go. And we inserted them originally on a path we knew to be the path that ivory takes out of Garamba National Park on its way north into Sudan. ... We watched it go from country to country north. It was extremely exciting to watch this idea, this creative idea, could we do it, march north, avoiding all roads as it moved north toward Sudan.
On the route the fake tusks took from the Central African Republic to Sudan's Darfur region
Enlarge this image toggle caption National Geographic National Geographic
I interviewed a number of ex-soldiers with the Lord's Resistance Army, and they described hand-carrying ivory tusks on their shoulders 600 miles through incredibly dense jungle from Garamba National Park into the Central African Republic into South Sudan into Sudan, the Darfur region of Sudan, into a little area called the Kafia Kingi enclave, and there, they told me, is where Joseph Kony is today. And there, they told me, "We trade the ivory with Sudanese armed forces. We are trading ivory with the military of Sudan, exchanging it for arms and medicine."
On China recently announcing that it will phase out the production and sale of ivory products
If China gets out of the ivory game it will collapse economically the price for ivory, and take ivory out of the picture, at least reduce its role as a way of financing war. Taking China out of that market could be game-changer. ||||| How Killing Elephants Finances Terror in Africa Armed groups help fund operations by smuggling elephant ivory. Can fake tusks with hidden GPS trackers thwart them?
By Bryan Christy
Photographs by Brent Stirton
When the American Museum of Natural History wanted to update the hall of North American mammals, taxidermist George Dante got the call. When the tortoise Lonesome George, emblem of the Galápagos Islands, died, it was Dante who was tasked with restoring him. But Dante, who is one of the world’s most respected taxidermists, has never done what I’m asking him to do. No one has. I want Dante to design an artificial elephant tusk that has the look and feel of confiscated tusks loaned to me by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Inside the fake tusk, I want him to embed a custom-made GPS and satellite-based tracking system. If he can do this, I’ll ask him to make several more tusks. In the criminal world, ivory operates as currency, so in a way I’m asking Dante to print counterfeit money I can follow. I will use his tusks to hunt the people who kill elephants and to learn what roads their ivory plunder follows, which ports it leaves, what ships it travels on, what cities and countries it transits, and where it ends up. Will artificial tusks planted in a central African country head east—or west—toward a coast with reliable transportation to Asian markets? Will they go north, the most violent ivory path on the African continent? Or will they go nowhere, discovered before they’re moved and turned in by an honest person? National Geographic needs your help to protect elephants and to continue reporting on wildlife crime. Together we can make a difference. As we talk over my design needs, Dante’s brown eyes sparkle like a boy’s on Christmas morning. To test ivory, dealers will scratch a tusk with a knife or hold a lighter under it; ivory is a tooth and won’t melt. My tusks will have to act like ivory. “And I gotta find a way to get that shine,” Dante says, referring to the gloss a clean elephant tusk has. “I need Schreger lines too, George,” I say, referring to the cross-hatching on the butt of a sawn tusk that looks like growth rings of a tree trunk. Like much of the world, George Dante knows that the African elephant is under siege. A booming Chinese middle class with an insatiable taste for ivory, crippling poverty in Africa, weak and corrupt law enforcement, and more ways than ever to kill an elephant have created a perfect storm. The result: Some 30,000 African elephants are slaughtered every year, more than 100,000 between 2010 and 2012, and the pace of killing is not slowing. Most illegal ivory goes to China, where a pair of ivory chopsticks can bring more than a thousand dollars and carved tusks sell for hundreds of thousands of dollars. East Africa is now ground zero for much of the poaching. In June the Tanzanian government announced that the country has lost 60 percent of its elephants in the past five years, down from 110,000 to fewer than 44,000. During the same period, neighboring Mozambique is reported to have lost 48 percent of its elephants. Locals, including poor villagers and unpaid park rangers, are killing elephants for cash—a risk they’re willing to take because even if they’re caught, the penalties are often negligible. But in central Africa, as I learned firsthand, something more sinister is driving the killing: Militias and terrorist groups funded in part by ivory are poaching elephants, often outside their home countries, and even hiding inside national parks. They’re looting communities, enslaving people, and killing park rangers who get in their way. South Sudan. The Central African Republic (CAR). The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). Sudan. Chad. Five of the world’s least stable nations, as ranked by the Washington, D.C.-based organization the Fund for Peace, are home to people who travel to other countries to kill elephants. Year after year, the path to many of the biggest, most horrific elephant killings traces back to Sudan, which has no elephants left but gives comfort to foreign-born poacher-terrorists and is home to the janjaweed and other Sudanese cross-continental marauders. Park rangers are often the only forces going up against the killers. Outnumbered and ill equipped, they’re manning the front line in a violent battle that affects us all.
Chapter 1: Garamba’s Victims Garamba National Park, in the northeast corner of the DRC and on the border with South Sudan, is a UNESCO World Heritage site, internationally famous for its elephants and its boundless ocean of green. But when I ask a gathering of children and elders in the village of Kpaika, about 30 miles from the park’s western border, how many of them have visited Garamba, no one raises a hand. When I ask, “How many of you have been kidnapped by the LRA?”—I understand why. Father Ernest Sugule, who ministers to the village, tells me that many children in his diocese have seen family members killed by the Lord’s Resistance Army, or LRA, the Ugandan rebel group led by Joseph Kony, one of Africa’s most wanted terrorists. Sugule is the founder of a group that provides assistance to victims of Kony’s army. “I’ve met more than a thousand children who have been abducted,” he says as we talk inside his church in the nearby town of Dungu. “When they’re abducted, they’re very young, and they’re forced to do horrible things. Most of these children are very, very traumatized when they come back home.” They have nightmares, Sugule continues. They have flashbacks. Their own families are afraid that they’re devils, or forever soldiers, who might kill them in the night. It is assumed that the girls were raped, so it’s difficult for them to find husbands. Villagers sometimes taunt returned children with the same expression used for Kony’s men: “LRA Tongo Tongo.” “LRA Cut Cut”—a reference, Sugule explains, to the militants’ vicious use of machetes. Kony is a former Roman Catholic altar boy whose stated mission is to overthrow the Ugandan government on behalf of the Acholi people of northern Uganda, and to rule the country according to his version of the Ten Commandments. Since the 1980s, and beginning in Uganda, Kony’s minions are alleged to have killed tens of thousands of people, slicing the lips, ears, and breasts off women, raping children and women, chopping off the feet of those caught riding bicycles, and kidnapping young boys to create an army of child soldiers who themselves grow into killers. In 1994 Kony left Uganda and took his murderous gang on the road. He went first to Sudan, initiating a pattern of border-hopping that continues to make him difficult to track. At the time Sudan’s north and south were in a civil war, and Kony offered Sudan’s government, in Khartoum, a way to destabilize the south. For ten years Khartoum supplied him with food, medicine, and arms, including automatic rifles, antiaircraft guns, rocket-propelled grenades, and mortars. It was thanks largely to efforts by the group Invisible Children and its video Kony 2012 that Kony became a household name in the West. In the United States, Presidents George W. Bush and Barack Obama supported efforts either to arrest or kill him. The U.S. State Department named Kony a “specially designated global terrorist” in 2008, and the African Union has designated the LRA a terrorist organization. Dead elephants finance terrorism. “Ivory operates as a savings account for Kony,” says the U.S. State Department’s Marty Regan. About the Photographer Brent Stirton has won numerous awards for his investigative photojournalism. His subjects for this story weren’t shy, he says. “They’ve been through a lot, and they were comfortable having their lives revealed.”
Hear Brent Stirton tell their stories in an audio slideshow. Brent Stirton has won numerous awards for his investigative photojournalism. His subjects for this story weren’t shy, he says. “They’ve been through a lot, and they were comfortable having their lives revealed.” When north and south Sudan signed a peace agreement in 2005, Kony lost his Sudanese host. In March 2006 he fled for the DRC and set up camp in Garamba National Park, then home to some 4,000 elephants. From Garamba, Kony signaled his desire for peace with Uganda, sending emissaries to neutral Juba, in southern Sudan, to negotiate with Ugandan officials while he and his men lived unmolested in and around the park, protected by a cease-fire agreement. His army farmed vegetables. Kony even invited foreign press into his camp for interviews. Meanwhile, flouting the cease-fire, his men crossed into CAR, where they kidnapped hundreds of children and made sex slaves of women they brought back to the park. Father Sugule introduces me to three young girls, recent LRA kidnapping victims, who are sitting on a wooden bench in his church. Geli Oh, 16, spent longer with Kony’s army than her two friends—two and a half terrible years. She looks at the floor while her friends whisper to each other, smile radiantly, and nibble on cookies we’ve brought for them. Geli Oh perks up at the word “elephant.” She saw many elephants in Garamba National Park, she says, which is where the LRA took her. Tongo Tongo shot two elephants one day, she says. “They say the more elephants they kill, the more ivory they get.” Kony’s force has declined from a peak of 2,700 combatants in 1999 to an estimated 150 to 250 core fighters today. Killings of civilians have likewise dropped, from 1,252 in 2009 to 13 in 2014, but abductions are rising again, and it takes the arrival of only a few of the armed militants to send fear ricocheting through communities. In village after village along the road between Father Sugule’s church and what is now South Sudan, I meet Kony victims who describe being fed elephant meat and how, after elephants were killed, militants took the ivory away. But where?
Chapter 2: The Problem Solver To follow my artificial tusks from the jungle to their final destination, I need a tracking device capable of transmitting exact locations without dead zones. It needs to be durable and small enough to fit inside the cavities George Dante would make in the blocks of resin and lead that formed the tusks. Quintin Kermeen, 51, based in Concord, California, has the credentials, and the personality, I’m looking for. Kermeen started in the radio-tracking business when he was 15 and has since built electronic trackers and collars for wildlife from Andean bears to California condors to Tasmanian devils. He designed a GPS tracker that the U.S. Geological Survey embedded in live Burmese pythons to monitor the invasive snakes in the Florida Everglades. For his Judas pig project he built GPS satellite collars to enable pest control authorities in New Zealand to send feral pigs into the bush and locate their invasive piggy friends. We meet over Skype. “You must be a real animal lover,” I say. “I’m not an animal lover,” he snaps. “I’m a problem solver.” I laugh. “Then you’re just the man for me.” After months of tinkering, Kermeen’s final bespoke ivory-tracking device arrives in the mail. It consists of a battery capable of lasting more than a year, a GPS receiver, an Iridium satellite transceiver, and a temperature sensor. While Dante set about embedding Kermeen’s tracker inside his tusk mold, a third team member, John Flaig, a specialist in near-space, balloon-based photography—images taken from at least the height of spy planes—was preparing to monitor the tusks as they moved. Using Kermeen’s technology, he could adjust how many times a day they tried to communicate with a satellite via the Internet. We would follow them using Google Earth.
Chapter 3: “I Want Ivory for Ammunition” On September 11, 2014, Michael Onen, a sergeant in Kony’s army, walked out of Garamba National Park carrying an AK-47, five magazines of ammunition, and a story. Onen is short and looks even smaller wearing a camouflage-patterned Ugandan army uniform that’s too long for him in the sleeves. He sits on a plastic chair opposite me in a clearing at the African Union forces base in Obo, in the southeastern corner of CAR, where he is in custody. Onen had been part of an LRA poaching operation in Garamba consisting of 41 fighters, including Kony’s son Salim. The operation was designed by Kony himself, Onen says. During the summer Kony’s soldiers had killed 25 elephants in Garamba, and they were on their way back to Kony carrying the ivory. Around us stroll Ugandan army soldiers, who make up the entire African Union contingent based in Obo and are committed to finding and killing Kony. The soldiers embrace Onen as one of their own, and in fundamental ways he is. He was 22 years old the night in 1998 that Kony’s soldiers raided his village in Gulu, Uganda, and pulled him from his bed. His wife, abducted later, was killed. From the moment of his capture, Onen says, he was a complainer. Being small, he balked at having to carry the heavy bundles that Kony’s militants ferry from camp to camp in their patrols across central Africa, and for his whining, he was beaten with a machete. But Onen got his way. Instead of being made a soldier, he was designated a signaler—a radioman privy to Kony’s secret communications. During the failed peace talks with Uganda, while Kony hid in Garamba from 2006 to 2008, Onen had been assigned to Kony’s lead peace negotiator, Vincent Otti. Otti liked elephants, Onen recalled, and forbade their killing. But after Otti left Garamba to participate in the peace talks, Kony began killing elephants for ivory. Otti was furious, Onen says. “Why are you collecting ivory?” Otti demanded of Kony. “Aren’t you interested in peace talks?” No, I want ivory for ammunition to keep fighting, was Kony’s reply, according to Onen, who was listening to transmissions. “Ivory operates as a savings account for Kony,” says Marty Regan, of the U.S. State Department’s Bureau of Conflict and Stabilization Operations. Kony’s army had arrived in Garamba in 2006 with little ammunition left to continue its war, Onen tells me. “It’s only the ivory that will make the LRA strong,” he recalls Kony saying. Instead of signing a peace agreement, Kony had his peace negotiator executed. About the Author “This assignment was exciting for me because it wasn’t just another animal exploitation story,” says writer
Hear Bryan Christy discuss the investigation on Fresh Air. “This assignment was exciting for me because it wasn’t just another animal exploitation story,” says writer Bryan Christy , who reports on wildlife trafficking frequently for this magazine. “It was the story of an unspoken war.” From Garamba, Kony sent an exploratory team to Darfur to look into forging a new relationship with the Sudan Armed Forces (SAF), who had supported him against Uganda, hoping to exchange ivory for rocket-propelled grenades and other weapons. Meanwhile, according to Onen, Kony’s men hid ivory by burying it in the ground or submerging it in rivers. His account was corroborated by Caesar Achellam, a former intelligence chief for Kony who is now in the Ugandan government’s custody. Achellam told me that Kony’s men planned for the future. He said they bury sealed buckets of water along parched travel routes and bury ivory for safekeeping as well. “They can get what they want today,” he said, “and keep it there for two, three, or even more than five years.” The Ugandan military finally attacked Kony’s Garamba camps in late 2008. The air strike, dubbed Operation Lightning Thunder, included support from the DRC, southern Sudan, and the U.S. But it failed to rout Kony or his leadership. Kony’s response was immediate and savage. Beginning on Christmas Eve, his soldiers spread out in small teams and murdered civilians. In three weeks Kony’s brutes killed more than 800 people and kidnapped more than 160 children. The UN estimated that the massacre displaced more than a hundred thousand Congolese and Sudanese. On January 2, 2009, the horror bled into Garamba’s headquarters, at Nagero, where Kony soldiers burned the park rangers’ main building, destroyed equipment, and killed at least eight rangers and staff members. Six years later, on October 25, 2014, Onen tells me, his poaching mission to Garamba was scheduled to deliver its ivory to Kony in Sudan. Kony was adamant in his radio transmissions. “Do not lose even one tusk,” he instructed the group, according to Onen, who said the plan was to carry the ivory to a rendezvous in CAR and then on to a market town in Darfur called Songo, not far from the Sudan Armed Forces garrison in Dafaq. There, Onen says, Kony’s men trade ivory with the Sudanese military for salt, sugar, and arms. The relationship is close: “SAF warns Kony if there’s trouble,” Onen says. As far as Onen knew, the poaching squad he abandoned was still making its way north from Garamba through CAR to Sudan. To me, it seems reasonable to think that the radioman’s defection might have slowed the progress of the 25 elephants’ tusks headed to Kony. Maybe I could get my fake tusks to Kony too.
Chapter 4: “You Are a Liar!” An official in Dar es Salaam’s international airport, in Tanzania—one of several countries I scouted for launching my tusks into the illegal trade—squints at an x-ray screen as my luggage rolls through his scanner. “Open that one,” he orders. I unzip my suitcase to expose two fake tusks and hand him letters from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and National Geographic certifying that they’re artificial. A crowd gathers. Officials are pointing fingers and arguing. Those looking at the tusks think I’m an ivory trafficker. Those looking at the x-ray screen, which shows the trackers inside, think I’m smuggling a bomb. After more than an hour of animated debate, they phone the airport’s wildlife expert. When he shows up, he picks up a tusk and runs his finger over the butt end. “Schreger lines,” he says. “Exactly,” I say. “I had them …” All of central Africa is a hand grenade, its pin pulled by a history of resource exploitation from abroad, dictatorships, and poverty. He points a finger at me, and yells, “You are a liar, bwana!” (Bwana is Swahili for “sir.”) In ten years he’s never made a mistake, he says: The tusks are real. I spend a night in police custody, where I’m given a desk to sleep on. National Geographic television producer J. J. Kelley takes the floor in the waiting area. He asks for water for me and is led out of the building. When he returns hours later, he has three chicken dinners and several bottles of beer, paid for by the police chief. The three of us eat together (the police chief, a Muslim, leaves the beer to us). In the morning, after officials from Tanzania’s Wildlife Division and the U.S. Embassy arrive, I’m released. Our airport incident was one of many hiccups with the artificial tusks. Several Tanzanian officers who had presided over my arrest at the airport, including the wildlife expert, returned the next day to wish us bon voyage. “You did exactly what you were supposed to do,” I said, shaking their hands. It was reassuring to find the Tanzanian law enforcers so vigilant, because the country is plagued by perhaps the worst elephant poaching in Africa, and corruption is rife. In 2013, Khamis Kagasheki, then Tanzania’s minister of natural resources and tourism, declared that the illegal ivory trade “involves rich people and politicians who have formed a very sophisticated network,” and he accused four members of Tanzania’s Parliament of being involved in it. Chapter 5: Garamba’s Warriors All around me I hear the click-clack of automatic weapons being loaded. I’ve flown from Garamba park headquarters to a dirt airstrip deep inside the park to join an antipoaching patrol. I arrive at what amounts to the park rangers’ northern front, an outpost vulnerable both to Sudanese poachers and Kony’s army. Here a ranger unit is permanently deployed to protect one of the park’s most important assets: a radio tower that was being built. Garamba is managed through a partnership between the DRC’s wildlife department and African Parks, a group based in Johannesburg, South Africa. Since the 2008-09 attack by Kony’s soldiers, rangers have finished building a new headquarters and acquired two airplanes and a helicopter. But ammunition is in perilously short supply—not even enough for basic training—and the rangers’ largest weapon, a belt-fed machine gun, tends to jam every third round or so. The rangers I’m going out with have each been allocated a handful of rounds for old and unreliable AK-47s, most of them seized from poachers. We plunge eight hours through elephant grass so tall and thick it’s possible to get lost just 20 feet from the man in front of you—down grass ravines, up hills exposed to the enemy, across a murky, waist-deep pond. At the sound of a twig cracking or the detection of an unexpected scent on the wind, a ranger in front of me, Agoyo Mbikoyo, signals caution, and I drop with the team into a collective crouch and wait silently. I make a mental note that Kony’s soldiers and other armed groups walk hundreds of miles from Sudan into this endless grass curtain to kill elephants. I wonder if Kony’s men are out there now.
The recent death toll of elephants in Garamba has been staggering, even by central African standards. Poachers killed at least 132 last year, and as of this June, rangers had discovered another 42 carcasses with bullet holes, more than 30 attributed to a single Sudanese poaching expedition—a combined loss amounting to more than 10 percent of the park’s entire population of elephants, estimated now to be no more than about 1,500. From March 2014 to March 2015, Garamba’s rangers recorded 31 contacts with armed poachers, more than half of whom were with groups traveling south from the direction of South Sudan and Sudan. They included South Sudanese armed forces (SPLA) and Sudanese military, as well as defectors from those militaries and an assortment of Sudan-based rebels. Congo’s own soldiers threaten the park’s southern border, and villagers around the park sometimes poach elephants too. And someone—it’s unclear who—is believed to be killing elephants from helicopters, as evidenced by bullet holes in the tops of skulls and the removal of tusks by what can only be chain saws. “My interpretation,” says Jean Marc Froment, then director of the park, is that the Ugandan military “is conducting operations inside Garamba and at the same time taking some ivory.” But, he adds, the poachers could be SPLA, which uses the same type of helicopter seen over the park. An adviser to the Ugandan military rejects the helicopter accusation, and suggests that the elephants might have been shot in the top of the head after they were down. Having worked extensively throughout central Africa, Froment transferred to Garamba in early 2014 after rangers discovered dozens of elephant carcasses in the park. It was supposed to be a short posting, but he saw too much death to leave. He’d grown up not far from Garamba at a time when it was possible to fly over the park and see 5,000 elephants in a single gathering. Now it was rare to see 250 in a herd. Froment uses the word “war” to describe the fight Garamba’s 150 rangers are in with poachers. Money is available to outfit the rangers with better equipment, but buying new weapons requires formal approval of the Congolese army, something Froment has been unable to get. Halfway through our patrol, we come upon a clearing of burned grass beside the Kassi River, the site of a recent battle between Garamba rangers and SPLA poachers, in which, rangers tell me, they killed two poachers. I find a human skull fragment, and I nearly pick up a live hand grenade near where the SPLA had camped, mistaking it for a baby tortoise. It hadn’t exploded—yet. All of central Africa is a hand grenade, its pin pulled by a history of resource exploitation from abroad, dictatorships, and poverty. “The poaching issue is a governance issue,” Froment says. “We protect the elephant to protect the park. We protect the park to give the people something of value.” He fights for elephants because he knows that without the animals’ presence, no one will support Garamba, and the park—which he calls “Africa’s heart”—will be lost. Garamba is a crucible within a crucible, a park under siege in a country often in civil war in a region that has nearly forgotten peace. On our patrol we don’t encounter any poachers or rebel groups. But time is stalking our team: Months later, on April 25, 2015, while on patrol, the ranger who led me into Garamba, Agoyo Mbikoyo, was shot and killed by a gang of poachers. In June three more Garamba-based officers were killed. The culprits are believed to have been South Sudanese, according to African Parks. Chapter 6: Planting the Fake Tusks After visiting Garamba, I arrange with a confidential source to put my tusks into the black market near Mboki, a small village in CAR midway between Garamba and Sudan that has been the target of attacks by Kony’s army and where some people who have escaped from Kony have found safety. According to data stored in a GPS unit taken off the body of LRA commander Vincent “Binany” Okumu, who was killed in a 2013 firefight with African Union forces on his return from poaching in Garamba, this village is on the path of ivory headed to Kony’s base in Darfur. Where did the tusks end up? Track the GPS unit in an interactive map.
Chapter 7: Unwitting Targets It was just after 4 a.m. on Heban hill, in Chad, 80 miles from the Sudanese border and 60 miles northeast of Zakouma National Park, home to the country’s largest remaining elephant herd, 450 animals. Six antipoaching rangers and their cook, the entirety of the Hippotrague (French for “roan antelope”) unit, were awake, dressed in camouflage uniforms, and preparing for morning prayers—devoted even in the darkness. It was the rainy season, and the rangers, like the elephants they were guarding, had left the park for higher ground. Zakouma breathes its elephants. Dry season in, rainy season out. During the rains the park is more lake than land, and elephants split into two groups to escape the floods. One moves north toward Heban, the other west toward central Chad. The rangers on Heban hill had little reason to be concerned for their safety. They were relieving a ranger team that had raided a Sudanese poachers’ camp three weeks before and seized more than a thousand rounds of ammunition; mobile phones holding photographs of bloated, dead elephants; a satellite phone with a solar panel charger; two elephant tusks; a pair of camouflage pants; and a uniform with the insignia of Abu Tira—Sudan’s notorious Central Reserve Police, alleged to have committed mass killings, assaults, and rapes in Darfur. The rangers also recovered a stamped Sudanese army leave slip granting three soldiers permission to travel from Darfur to a town near the Chadian border. Zakouma National Park has lost nearly 90 percent of its elephants since 2002. Most—up to 3,000—were poached from 2005 to 2008. During those years Sudanese poachers arrived in groups of more than a dozen armed men, camping inside the park for months at a time, killing, in one instance, 64 elephants in a single hunt. When in 2008 the Wildlife Conservation Society introduced a surveillance airplane, poaching declined, but Sudanese marauders adapted, returning in hit squads of under six men, who infiltrated from outside the park on one-day hunts. They killed fewer elephants per hunt but were much harder to track and stop. Now, says the park’s director, Rian Labuschagne, of African Parks, “my biggest fear is that they’ll start coming in pairs.” The men of the Hippotrague unit assumed that after the previous team’s raid, the poachers had all fled home. But instead, that morning the poachers were hiding among trees surrounding the rangers’ camp. The poachers opened fire, killing five rangers. A sixth, a young lookout, ran down the hill, disappeared, and is presumed dead. The team’s cook, also wounded, struggled 11 miles to get help. Later, when Labuschagne examined the trajectory of bullets at the scene, he concluded that the poachers had been trained in how to set up a cross fire, which, combined with evidence found at the scene, pointed to President Omar al-Bashir’s Sudan Armed Forces. The story typically would have ended with the wanton killing of these park rangers protecting elephants. But one of the murdered men, Idriss Adoum, had a younger brother, Saleh, who resolved that, when the rains stopped, he and a cousin would hunt the killers in Sudan, where so many ivory roads lead.
Five of the six men in Zakouma’s Hippotrague patrol unit were killed by elephant poachers outside the park; the sixth is presumed dead. The family of Idriss Adoum (top, second from left) tracked one suspect to Sudan. The cook, Djimet Said (below), was shot but survived, walking 11 miles to the nearest village for help. Five of the six men in Zakouma’s Hippotrague patrol unit were killed by elephant poachers outside the park; the sixth is presumed dead. The family of Idriss Adoum (second from left) tracked one suspect to Sudan. The cook, Djimet Said (opposite), was shot but survived, walking 11 miles to the nearest village for help.
Chapter 8: Sudan’s Complicity As Somalia is to piracy, Sudan has become to elephant poaching. In 2012 as many as a hundred Sudanese and Chadian poachers on horseback rode across central Africa into Cameroon’s Bouba Ndjidah National Park. They set up camp and in a four-month rampage killed up to 650 elephants. According to Céline Sissler-Bienvenu, Francophone Africa director for the International Fund for Animal Welfare, who led a group into the park after the slaughter, the poachers were most likely from Darfur’s Rizeigat tribal group, with ties to the janjaweed—the violent, Sudanese-government-backed militias that have committed atrocities in Darfur. Sudanese and Chadian poachers were likewise implicated in the 2013 butchering of nearly 90 elephants—including 33 pregnant females as well as newborn calves—near Tikem, Chad, not far from Bouba Ndjidah. That members of the Sudanese military trade arms for ivory with the LRA raises questions about the highest levels of Sudan’s government. In 2009 Bashir became the world’s first sitting head of state indicted by the International Criminal Court (ICC) in The Hague for war crimes and crimes against humanity. In presenting that case, ICC prosecutor Luis Moreno-Ocampo underscored Bashir’s control of the groups said to be behind Sudan’s ivory trafficking: “He used the army, he enrolled the Militia/Janjaweed. They all report to him, they all obey him. His control is absolute.” Michael Onen, the defector from Kony’s army, told me that the LRA and the janjaweed had battled over ivory, with one group robbing the other, and that it was the janjaweed’s success in trading ivory that originally gave Kony the idea to start killing elephants. The LRA sells to the Sudan Armed Forces, Onen said. The artificial tusks follow a route LRA defectors tell me ivory takes to Kony’s Kafia Kingi base. By now the tusks may be in Khartoum. Despite Sudan’s role as a safe haven for groups known to traffic ivory, such as the LRA, janjaweed, and other poaching gangs, the country has drawn limited official attention as a poaching state. The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), a treaty organization that governs international trade in ivory—and its continuing ban—has identified eight countries “of primary concern” when it comes to international ivory trafficking: China, Kenya, Malaysia, the Philippines, Thailand, Uganda, Tanzania, and Vietnam. Eight more are considered of secondary concern: Cameroon, Congo, the DRC, Egypt, Ethiopia, Gabon, Mozambique, and Nigeria. Three more are classified as of “importance to watch”: Angola, Cambodia, and Laos. Sudan is not on these lists, even though Sudanese poachers are a primary reason elephants are killed in several of the countries listed by CITES as of primary or secondary concern. Sudan is also a well-documented supplier of ivory to Egypt and is the recipient of substantial Chinese infrastructure investment, which typically comes with Chinese workers, a source of ivory smuggling in many parts of Africa. Ivory shops in Khartoum advertise in English and Chinese as well as Arabic. According to CITES Secretary-General John Scanlon, Sudan does not appear on these lists because CITES sets priorities based mainly on ivory seizures, and there have been few ivory seizures linked to Sudan in recent years. Which raises the question: If ivory is poached by Sudanese, where is it going?
Chapter 9: A Kony Hideout My artificial tusks sit motionless for several weeks, a pair of tear-shaped blue dots on my computer screen, which displays a digital map of the eastern corner of CAR. Then, like a bobber in a fishing hole, a nibble. They shift a few miles. Suddenly they move steadily north, about 12 miles a day along the border with South Sudan, avoiding all roads. On the 15th day after they began to move, they cross into South Sudan and from there make their way into the Kafia Kingi enclave, a disputed territory in Darfur controlled by Sudan. Kafia Kingi is so widely recognized as a Kony hideout that in April 2013 a coalition of groups, including Invisible Children, the Enough Project, and the Resolve, issued a report called “Hidden in Plain Sight: Sudan’s Harboring of the LRA in the Kafia Kingi Enclave, 2009-2013.” LRA defectors I spoke with consistently placed the warlord in the Kafia Kingi area too. So did the African Union military forces, whose CAR-based men in Obo are tasked with finding Kony. “It’s not a secret to anyone that Kony’s in Sudan,” says the State Department’s Marty Regan. “It’s his sanctuary.” A few days later the tusks proceed to Songo, the Sudanese market town where Onen said Kony’s men trade ivory. In Songo the tusks are held for three days in what looks like a clearing outside town. Then they head south six miles, back into Kafia Kingi. I order a satellite shot of their location from DigitalGlobe, a commercial vendor of space imagery, and ask for outside help interpreting it. According to Col. Mike Kabango, of the African Union forces, the image shows a large tent and two smaller ones; to Ryan Stage, a remote-sensing specialist in Colorado, it shows a large truck and two small tents. After three weeks the tusks turn north again, back into Sudan. Gathering speed, they continue north before abruptly turning east, in the direction of Khartoum. Other roads also lead to Sudan. The relatives of murdered Zakouma ranger Idriss Adoum tracked one of the alleged Heban hill poachers to Sudan and arranged to have him brought back to Chad to stand trial. Soumaine Abdoulaye Issa had been in Darfur, he told a team of African Parks investigators, when he heard about an elephant poaching mission to Chad led by a member of the Sudan Armed Forces. Issa, who is Chadian, said he joined the team of three Sudanese men and that together they rode more than two weeks to get to Heban, where they killed nine elephants in four days. After Zakouma’s rangers destroyed their camp and confiscated their equipment, the poachers were unable to return to Sudan, so three weeks later they went back to Heban hill and attacked the Hippotrague unit.
Issa claimed he was merely a lookout, not a poacher. He wasn’t contrite. In a public square in Am Timan, shortly before his trial, he shouted, “I know who betrayed me! I will escape from your jail, and I will kill him.” He did escape, and a rumor in Zakouma is that he fled south to CAR. “We’ve heard he went to Seleka,” Idriss Adoum’s son Issa tells me, referring to the violent rebel coalition that overthrew the CAR government on March 24, 2013. If true, Soumaine Issa will find poachers working with Seleka. Seleka and its rival, anti-Balaka, have set fire to people, thrown them off bridges, and murdered people wantonly, turning CAR into a lawless state—the kind of place where Kony’s group and other terrorist organizations thrive. In May 2013 Seleka-backed Sudanese poachers attacked Dzanga Bai, an elephant oasis in Dzanga-Ndoki National Park of southwest CAR, killing 26 elephants. Dzanga Bai—also known as the village of elephants—is a mineral-rich mudhole where the animals congregate. Earlier this year Kony suffered the defection of his commander of operations, Dominic Ongwen, who told African Union forces that Kony’s desire for ivory was reinforced by Seleka. “Seleka rebels had a stock of about 300 ivory tusks that they sold, which enabled them to get the supplies that helped them overthrow President François Bozizé in CAR,” Ongwen told African Union forces, according to his debriefing. Ongwen said Kony’s plan is to obtain as much ivory as possible “for his future survival should he not be able to overthrow the government of Uganda.” Ongwen also said that Kony intends to form a squad to establish contact with Boko Haram, the Nigerian terrorist group responsible for widespread killings and the kidnappings of hundreds of Nigerian women and schoolgirls. Boko Haram also uses the bush as a base—Nigeria’s Sambisa Forest, a game reserve south of Lake Chad. In March 2015 Boko Haram’s leader, Abubakar Shekau, pledged allegiance to ISIS, and his group was renamed Islamic State’s West Africa Province, giving that Middle East terrorist group a foothold in West Africa. Chapter 10: Where Next? As of this writing, my artificial tusks sent out their last communication from a Sudanese town called Ed Daein, 500 miles southwest of Khartoum. I know which house they’re in: Using Google Earth, I see its light-blue roof on my screen. They’re in a place 2.2 degrees Fahrenheit cooler than the ambient temperature, so perhaps they’ve been buried in the backyard. So far they’ve traveled 600 miles from jungle to desert in just under two months. Their path is consistent with the route Kony’s defectors tell me ivory takes on the way to the warlord’s Kafia Kingi base. By the time you read this, my tusks might have gone to Khartoum. Or possibly even shown up in illegal ivory’s biggest consuming country: China. Meanwhile, as leaders in Europe, the Middle East, and the U.S. strategize about how to stop the ever expanding network of international terrorist organizations, somewhere in Africa a park ranger stands his post, holding an AK-47 and a handful of bullets, manning the front line for all of us.
This story was originally published in the September 2015 issue of National Geographic magazine. This story launches the National Geographic Society’s Special Investigations Unit, which will report on wildlife crimes. This project was made possible by a grant from The Woodtiger Fund. More in This Series Read more about elephants
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Summary: | – A National Geographic reporter looking into the increasing slaughter of elephants in Africa struck upon a great way to track the illegal trade of their ivory tusks: Bryan Christy enlists a world-class taxidermist to create fake tusks embedded with GPS devices. Christy's team then plants them in the black market and follows their path via Google Earth, into an enclave of Sudan known to be the base for notorious warlord Joseph Kony. Ivory, of course, is big money, and Kony uses it to finance his army. "As of this writing, my artificial tusks sent out their last communication from a Sudanese town called Ed Daein, 500 miles southwest of Khartoum," writes Christy. "I know which house they’re in: Using Google Earth, I see its light-blue roof on my screen." He can even surmise that the tusks are probably buried in the backyard, awaiting their next move, perhaps to China. Click to read the full, fascinating story. | 0 | Flan2021 | multi_news:1.0.0 | zs_opt |
The petals of flowers often are brightly colored. These petals provide a benefit for the plant because they -
Choose your answer from: *prevent insects from taking pollen to other flowers. *hide the plant from predators that would eat its flowers. *protect the leaves from injury by birds and insects. *attract insects that can carry the pollen needed for plant reproduction.
| attract insects that can carry the pollen needed for plant reproduction | 8 | Flan2021 | unified_qa_science_inst | zs_opt |
Here is one sentence: They had a window of less than an hour when an attack would have succeeded.
Here is another sentence: You have a two-hour window of clear weather to finish working on the lawn.
Q: Does the term window mean the same thing in both these sentences?
Choose your answer from:
[A]. different meanings.
[B]. the same meaning. | [B]. | 2 | Flan2021 | super_glue/wic:1.0.2 | zs_opt |
Write the answer: Which English king was known as 'Lackland'? | king john | 2 | Flan2021 | trivia_qa/rc:1.1.0 | zs_opt |
Translate from English to Spanish:
Many girls worry about how their bodies look and are afraid to gain weight during pregnancy.
Spanish: | Muchas jóvenes se preocupan por el aspecto de su cuerpo y temen aumentar de peso durante el embarazo. | 3 | Flan2021 | para_crawl_enes | zs_opt |
Does "The cup was full." appear to be an accurate statement based on "I poured water from the bottle into the cup until it was full."?
OPT:
[-] no
[-] yes | yes | 5 | Flan2021 | glue/wnli:2.0.0 | zs_opt |
At 10 p.m. , Odette was centered about 295 miles south-southeast of Kingston , Jamaica , and was moving northeast near 8 mph .
At 10 p.m. Thursday , Odette was about 295 miles south-southeast of Kingston , Jamaica and about 900 miles south-southeast of Palm Beach .
Select from the options at the end. Do the above sentences mean the same thing?
Pick your answer from: --no. --yes. | no | 2 | Flan2021 | glue/mrpc:2.0.0 | zs_opt |
Do the following two sentences have the same meaning?
" We need to change old habits and seriously rethink business-as-usual . "
He urged employees to " avoid complacency " and to " change old habits and seriously rethink business-as-usual . "
-- no.
-- yes.
The answer is: | no | 7 | Flan2021 | glue/mrpc:2.0.0 | zs_opt |
Please add punctuation to this: Pick up your Bible and read for yourself
Punctuation version: | Pick up your Bible and read for yourself. | 5 | Flan2021 | fix_punct | zs_opt |
Text complete: `` i know you do not like to be reminded of what you did at victrix , but it was a great deed . '' `` it was necessary , '' said ridmark . `` and i had help . i could not have done it alone . '' `` so have said all the great heroes of history , '' said aelia . `` i have no wish to be a hero , '' said | ridmark | 7 | Flan2021 | lambada:1.0.0 | zs_opt |
Please add spaces between words: Yourobjectiveistofindyourwa[...]
| Your objective is to find your wa [...] | 4 | Flan2021 | word_segment | zs_opt |
До сих пор мы занимались только раздачей определений, не выходя за пределы сугубо идеального и воображаемого мира.
Translate to English
English: | No more has been done than to niake definitions, all in a purely ideal and imaginary world. | 1 | Flan2021 | wmt16_translate/ru-en:1.0.0 | zs_opt |
Write a brief sentence. | The man is sleeping in his bed. | 9 | Flan2021 | snli:1.1.0 | zs_opt |
Generate an approximately fifteen-word sentence that describes all this data: A.C. Chievo Verona FULL_NAME "Associazione Calcio ChievoVerona S.r.l."
| The fullname of A.C. Chievo Verona is Associazione Calcio ChievoVerona S.r.l. | 2 | Flan2021 | gem/dart:1.1.0 | zs_opt |
Problem: Solve -862*i + 1738 = -1020*i for i.
And the answer is... | -11 | 8 | Flan2021 | math_dataset/algebra__linear_1d:1.0.0 | zs_opt |
Examine each of these chemical equations to determine which equation is correctly balanced.
Choices: (I). Mg(NO_{3})_{2} + K_{2}CO_{3} -> MgCO_{3} + KNO_{3}; (II). Mg(NO_{3})_{2} + K_{2}CO_{3} -> MgCO_{3} + 2KNO_{3}; (III). 2Mg(NO_{3})_{2} + K_{2}CO_{3} -> 2MgCO_{3} + KNO_{3}; (IV). Mg(NO_{3})_{2} + 2K_{2}CO_{3} -> MgCO_{3} + 2KNO_{3}; | (II). | 0 | Flan2021 | ai2_arc/ARC-Challenge:1.0.0 | zs_opt |
Please capitalize where necessary: every man praying or prophesying, having his head covered, dishonoreth his head. | Every man praying or prophesying, having his head covered, dishonoreth his head. | 8 | Flan2021 | true_case | zs_opt |
He was arrested on a charge of larceny.
The charges against the estate.
Choose your answer: Does the word "charge" mean the same thing in the above two sentences?
Available choices: (1). different meanings (2). the same meaning | (1). | 0 | Flan2021 | super_glue/wic:1.0.2 | zs_opt |
In the 2004-05 season Bjørndalen was the 16th best shot with an 85% success rate, the second best Norwegian behind Egil Gjelland. He hit 331 targets out of a possible 364. His prone like most biathletes was much better than his standing shoot, he hit 169/180 (92%) in the prone and 163/184 (81%) in the standing. He had an average of 88% in the individual, sprint and relay, a 91% hit rate in the mass start but only 79% in the pursuit. During his career in 1999/00 he averaged 82%, in 2000-01 78%, 2001-02 74%, 2002-03 86% and in 2003-04 he hit 80% of the targets, however in those five years his standing shoot was the same or better than his prone shoot. In comparison, his greatest rival Raphaël Poirée averaged 87% in 2004-05 and 86% in 2005-06. Nikolay Kruglov was the best shot in 2004-05 with a 91% success rate, with Ricco Groß in second with 89%, and in 2005 Julien Robert was best with a 93% average and Groß again second with 91%.
Answer this question: Which categories did Bjørndalen score under 90% in? | standing | 3 | Flan2021 | drop:2.0.0 | zs_opt |
In a traditional suit of armor, where on the body was a greave worn?
What is the answer? | leg | 9 | Flan2021 | trivia_qa/rc:1.1.0 | zs_opt |
The critic consesnsus is: The Strangers provides a few scares, but offers little else to distinguish itself from other slasher films.. What reviews supported this critic consensus? | 1. If you put yourself through the wringer only once this year, you could do worse than The Strangers.
2. An immensely creepy thriller, one that plays fair with the audience, treats its characters with unusual intelligence for the genre, and is all the more effective because the minimalist plot is kept spare and straightforward.
3. Is Hollywood so disconnected from its past and bankrupt of ideas that it doesn't even know this movie is a screaming cliché?
4. It's all efficiently nerve-jangling, with Tyler and Speedman credibly registering every hue of panic.
5. Spooky horror film has both tension and gore.
6. A must-see for horror fans, but the fewer questions you ask, the more effective it will be.
7. Ultimately, it's an invitation best refused. 'The Strangers' offers a few memorable scares, but it is less chilling in its simplicity than numbing in its banality.
8. The Strangers gave me a look of disbelief, not the suspension of same, with its jaw dropping flaws.
9. Speedman remains comatose, though Tyler flickers fitfully to life. The mournful look on her face suggests she's remembering the days when she was given more psychologically complex scripts, such as Armageddon.
10. A crisply made exercise in empty tension, like the stretched edges of an over-inflated balloon animal. | 8 | Flan2021 | opinion_abstracts_rotten_tomatoes | zs_opt |
Produce a detailed sentence about a restaurant using the following words: name = Blue Spice, priceRange = moderate, area = city centre, familyFriendly = yes
Sentence: | Located in the city centre, Blue Spice is kid friendly and has a moderate price range. | 8 | Flan2021 | gem/e2e_nlg:1.1.0 | zs_opt |
Meidän on tietenkin otettava huomioon rehuteollisuuden kilpailukyky yhdenmukaistamalla ennen vuotta 1998 ja vuoden 1998 jälkeen hyväksyttyjä aineita koskevat määräykset.
Could you please translate this to English? | Of course we have to take account of the competitiveness of the feedingstuffs industry by harmonising provisions for substances authorised before and after 1988. | 2 | Flan2021 | wmt16_translate/fi-en:1.0.0 | zs_opt |
Fuhrmann & Schmidt Brewing Company was formed in 1906 and was located at Commerce and Washington Streets in Shamokin, Pennsylvania. Fuhrmann & Schmidt was the successor company to the Eagle Brewing Company (1854 – 1878), the M. Markel & Company (1878 – 1893) and Phillip H Fuhrmann (1893 – 1906).
Can we infer the following?
Fuhrmann & Schmidt Brewing Company makes a stout lager.
Choices: A. Yes. B. It's impossible to say. C. No.
The answer is: | B. | 4 | Flan2021 | anli/r2:0.1.0 | zs_opt |
This question has options. Is the word "head" used in the same way in the following two sentences?
Tickets are $5 per head.
We will consider performance issues under the head of future improvements.
Pick from:
[-] different meanings;
[-] the same meaning; | different meanings | 5 | Flan2021 | super_glue/wic:1.0.2 | zs_opt |
Note that this question lists possible answers. Which person is he referring to in the following sentence?
The bespeckled old man slowly waved at the passing trolley passenger because he waves at everybody.
Choose from:
(A). The bespeckled old man.
(B). the passing trolley passenger. | (A). | 8 | Flan2021 | definite_pronoun_resolution:1.1.0 | zs_opt |
Remove the spaces from the following sentence: The enterprising entrepreneur is a great organizer. | Theenterprisingentrepreneurisagreatorganizer. | 9 | Flan2021 | word_segment | zs_opt |
Write a text based on "merson victory over drugs leads to england recall"
Text: | paul merson crowned his two-year battle to beat drink , drugs and gambling problems when he was recalled by england on thursday . | 9 | Flan2021 | gigaword:1.2.0 | zs_opt |
Some of you may encounter a problem with your paycheck inquiry when you try to access current pay period totals. It may only show year-to-date totals, not current pay period results. There was evidently a test run on payroll on 12/11 with no dollar amount involved. That is what you will see. To get this pay period's results: 1) Access eHRonline 2)Pay Information 3) Paycheck Inquiry 4) Select P/R Results - two options, click on results in period 5) Click on the results 12/01/2001 - 12/15/2001 Assistants, please forward to your respective groups.
Generate a subject line for this email. | eHRonline P/R Inquiry | 7 | Flan2021 | aeslc:1.0.0 | zs_opt |
Результаты самого обычного, непрофессионального проклятия.
Could you please translate this to English? | The results of perfectly ordinary, non-professional curses. | 2 | Flan2021 | wmt16_translate/ru-en:1.0.0 | zs_opt |
This question has options. Does the word "dullness" have the same definition in the next two sentences?
There was a dullness in his heart.
Without him the dullness of her life crept into her work no matter how she tried to compartmentalize it.
Select from the following.
[1]. different meanings
[2]. the same meaning | [2]. | 6 | Flan2021 | super_glue/wic:1.0.2 | zs_opt |
Here is a question about this article: Initially the companies affected were those directly involved in home construction and mortgage lending such as Northern Rock and Countrywide Financial, as they could no longer obtain financing through the credit markets. Over 100 mortgage lenders went bankrupt during 2007 and 2008. Concerns that investment bank Bear Stearns would collapse in March 2008 resulted in its fire-sale to JP Morgan Chase. The financial institution crisis hit its peak in September and October 2008. Several major institutions either failed, were acquired under duress, or were subject to government takeover. These included Lehman Brothers, Merrill Lynch, Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, Washington Mutual, Wachovia, Citigroup, and AIG. On Oct. 6, 2008, three weeks after Lehman Brothers filed the largest bankruptcy in U.S. history, Lehman's former CEO found himself before Representative Henry A. Waxman, the California Democrat who chaired the House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform. Fuld said he was a victim of the collapse, blaming a "crisis of confidence" in the markets for dooming his firm.
What is the answer to this question: When did the financial institution crisis hit its peak? | September and October 2008 | 4 | Flan2021 | squad/v1.1:3.0.0 | zs_opt |
На Кубе барабаны конго получили распространение благодаря особой культуре, возникшей в результате проникновения на остров африканских жителей.
Could you please translate this to English? | Although ultimately derived from African drums made from hollowed logs, the Cuban conga is staved, like a barrel. These drums were probably made from salvaged barrels originally. | 2 | Flan2021 | wmt16_translate/ru-en:1.0.0 | zs_opt |
Arròs negre, country, Spain; Arròs negre, region, Catalonia; Arròs negre, ingredient, Cubanelle
What is sentence that verbalizes this data? | Cubanelle is an ingredient in Arros negre, that is a dish from the Catalonia region, Spain. | 0 | Flan2021 | gem/web_nlg_en:1.1.0 | zs_opt |
Here is some data about a restaurant: name = Blue Spice, priceRange = moderate, area = riverside, familyFriendly = yes. Write a sentence that includes the above data about a restaurant | Blue Spice in the riverside area has a customer rating of 1 out 5. Yes, they are kids friendly and have a moderate price range. | 4 | Flan2021 | gem/e2e_nlg:1.1.0 | zs_opt |
Write a (a). yelp review (Pick from:
(a). negative
(b). positive). | After living there I can say that it was the worst place I've ever lived. Shortly after signing a new lease it was one problem after another. First the gate to the under ground parking is loud and vibrates thought the ventilation to the point where if you are in a corner condo in building 4 you will never have any peace or quiet. Second it is impossible to keep out the massive amounts of dust. Third the matianance crew is awful! They are rude and Jose the chief engineer even attempted to get violent. I had witnesses and informed the property management of this but nothing was done. This place is advertised as safe and quiet but it is not. I could hear all of my neighbors conversations through the heating systems. If you choose to rent here just know that as soon as you sign your lease that is the last time you will be treated like a human being. Moving out was the happiest day in a while. | 7 | Flan2021 | yelp_polarity_reviews:0.2.0 | zs_opt |
Single/multi-select question: Does the sentence "They have also played important parts in television series like Lost, The Amazing Race, America's Next Top Model, Cycle 10 which have significant parts of their story set within airports." provide a valid answer to the question "When was the movie Final Destination released?"
Select from the following.
-- yes
-- no | no | 1 | Flan2021 | glue/qnli:2.0.0 | zs_opt |
Continue writing the following text: the marine swung into the saddle and slotted the axe into one of the saddle straps , the head nestled alongside the saddle . ` wow , ' said tom . ` cool axe . ' nathaniel grinned . ` i thought so . ' they set off back to the abbey , the marine riding next to father o’hara 's wagon and tom next to his sister 's . ` so tell me , father , ' said | nathaniel | 9 | Flan2021 | lambada:1.0.0 | zs_opt |
Kassandra (1992–1993) is a Venezuelan telenovela written by Delia Fiallo and produced by RCTV. The story revolved around a gypsy maiden marrying into a rich family. However, she does not realize that she is the granddaughter of the man in the house. Her husband is killed on her wedding night, and she is blamed for the murder.
Choose your answer: based on the paragraph above can we conclude that "Kassandra involves a gypsy maiden being killed on her wedding night"?
pick from the following.
[a]. Yes;
[b]. It's impossible to say;
[c]. No;
I think the answer is | [c]. | 0 | Flan2021 | anli/r2:0.1.0 | zs_opt |
Continue writing the following text.
Lindsey always cleans her jewelry, but Rachel doesn't own much jewelry, due to
Pick your answer from:
*Lindsey being the wealthier person..
*Rachel being the wealthier person.. | Lindsey being the wealthier person. | 4 | Flan2021 | winogrande:1.1.0 | zs_opt |
– In 2005, Long Island couple Seth and Rivka Fortgang built their dream home in the village of Lawrence and copyrighted the architectural plans to ensure that it remained truly one-of-a-kind. Now Rivka, an interior and exterior designer who envisioned the whole project, says her business and reputation are suffering because a nearly identical house is being built in Cedarhurst just a mile away, reports the New York Post. Among the Fortgangs' accusations, per their copyright infringement lawsuit: "There is no doubt that [Daniella and Ari Schwartz] have accessed and intentionally copied the plans of the Fortgang residence" by way of the Lawrence Buildings Department with the intention of aping the design. Atlas Obscura observes that the locations of the window and gables do seem similar. The Schwartzes have thus far responded through their attorney, Daniel Schloss, and contend that while the design features being shared are too "generic" to be covered under the Copyright Act, they are temporarily postponing construction "in the interests of professional courtesy," reports the New York Daily News. The Fortgangs' attorney hasn't commented beyond the lawsuit. Real estate website Zillow puts the Fortgang house, which is 4,400 square feet and features 5.5 bathrooms, at $1.48 million. (Check out where this reclusive heiress hid the architectural plans of a mansion she never spent a night in.)
Expand this summary. | A Long Island couple is suing neighboring homeowners for building a knockoff version of their copyrighted mansion.
Seth and Rivka Fortgang thought they were living in a unique dream house in the village of Lawrence that was the creation of Rivka, an exterior and interior designer who copyrighted the architectural plans, according to the lawsuit filed in Long Island Federal Court.
Although imitation is the sincerest form of flattery, the Fortgangs contacted their lawyers when they learned of plans for a home being constructed on Villa Place in nearby Cedarhurst, which looked remarkably similar.
The suit alleges there is smoking gun evidence that the copycats went to the Village of Lawrence Building Department and requested the Fortgangs' architectural plans.
Daniel Schloss, the lawyer for Daniella and Ari Schwartz who are building the Cedarhurst mansion, argues in court papers that the Fortgangs' design features are not so special that they are covered under the Copyright Act.
"We note that the exterior façade of the Fortgang residence consists of several windows, rather generic gables, and entry way doors," Schloss sniffed.
"However in the interests of professional courtesy, our clients have agreed to temporarily postpone construction of the present design … pending certain changes and amendments to its exterior façade elements," he wrote.
But the suit contends that Rivka Fortgang has suffered substantial damage to her reputation and her business in the upscale Five Towns community as a result of the copying.
The Fortgangs' lawyers did not respond to a request for comment.
According to the real estate website Zillow, the Fortgangs' mansion is valued at $1.48 million. ||||| There’s no place like home, there’s no place like … wait, that one’s pretty close.
A Long Island couple says an architect ripped off the blueprint to their one-of-a-kind dream house — to build a carbon copy in the town next door.
Rivka Fortgang, an interior and exterior home designer from Five Towns, and her husband, Seth are now suing to block the mansion on Villa Place in Cedarhurst from being built because it will look nearly identical to their own home on Auerbach Lane in Lawrence, just a mile away.
The Fortgangs “constructed their unique home from the ground up, creating a visually distinctive and unique exterior stucco façade” in 2005 and copyrighted the original architectural drawings under the name “Fortgang Residence I,” according to the suit, filed Thursday in Long Island federal court.
The couple claims the firm Pereiras Architects Ubiquitous and property owners Daniella and Ari Schwartz accessed their exclusive plans in property records last August through the Lawrence buildings department — without their permission.
“There is no doubt that you have accessed and intentionally copied the plans of the Fortgang residence intending to create a replica of our clients’ home and distinctive exterior,” the Fortgang’s lawyer Steven Stern wrote in a cease-and-desist letter dated June 7.
The Villa home is in the early stages of construction but renderings show that it will be “substantially similar” to the Fortgang’s McMansion, the complaint says.
Their home features several giant, black-rimmed windows on the front and peaked windows on the roof.
The Villa residence design also has similarly styled-windows.
A lawyer for Daniella Schwartz argued that the two designs are, in fact, different.
“We note that the exterior façade of the Fortgang resident consists of several windows, rather generic gables, and entry way doors,” attorney Daniel Schloss wrote in a court filing.
Schloss also noted that the Villa property is “literally in another town and separated from the Fortgang residence by several major thoroughfares and commercial districts.”
The accused copycats agreed to temporarily halt construction “pending certain changes and amendments to its exterior façade elements,” court papers show.
But new color renderings of the Villa home were hardly changed, spurring the copyright infringement lawsuit.
The Fortgangs are suing for unspecified damages.
Rivka also claims her business and reputation as a designer in the Five Towns community has suffered due to the housing hoopla.
The Fortgang’s fortress boasts more than 4,400 square feet of space and 5 ¹/₂ bathrooms, according to Zillow.com, which estimates it’s worth $1.4 million.
A representative from Pereiras Architects Ubiquitous declined to comment.
Schwartz’s lawyer did calls for comment. ||||| BUILD YOUR OWN: Long Island couple sues neighbors for copying their mansion https://t.co/KW59ZTXO5G pic.twitter.com/pevWEYnfnJ — New York Daily News (@NYDailyNews) July 7, 2016
In what might be the snootiest case of copyright infringement ever recorded, a Long Island couple is suing another wealthy Long Island couple for allegedly copying the design of their custom mansion, according to the New York Daily News.
The original mansion, located in the village of Lawrence, was designed and built by home designer Rivka Fortgang, according to plans she herself created, and copyrighted. The facade of the home consists of a pair of outset banks of windows that straddle the front door and another set of windows above it, beneath a gabled roof that has a trio of peaked attic windows. There are some Art Deco flourishes as well, giving the building a modern look and feel, while invoking more traditional home design. It’s a good looking home, which is why the Schwartzes of nearby village Cedarhurst may have copied it.
According to the lawsuit filed by the Fortgangs, the Schwartz couple accessed the architectural plans for the Fortgang house from the Lawrence Building Department to help design their new home. The Schwartzes’ prospective mansion does seem to share a number of features with the Fortgang home including the window and gable placement. A lawyer defending the Schwartz couple argued that those design aspects just aren’t that special, according to the Daily News. Quite the burn.
But Rivka Fortgang claims that the copied building is hurting her reputation, and the Schwartz family has agreed to postpone construction on the home until the matter can be settled. ||||| | 9 | Flan2021 | multi_news:1.0.0 | zs_opt |
Here are some keywords about a restaurant:
name = The Rice Boat, food = Indian, priceRange = high, customer rating = 1 out of 5, area = city centre, familyFriendly = yes, near = Express by Holiday Inn. Write a sentence that describes the following attributes of a restaurant. | The Rice Boat in city centre near Express by Holiday Inn is serving Indian food at a high price. It is family friendly and received a customer rating of 1 out of 5. | 3 | Flan2021 | gem/e2e_nlg:1.1.0 | zs_opt |
McDonalds has many more restaurants than Chick Filet worldwide because they are not able to expand their business outside the United States.
(I). McDonalds
(II). Chick Filet
Who is they referring to? | (II). | 0 | Flan2021 | definite_pronoun_resolution:1.1.0 | zs_opt |
(1) The 2009 - 2010 National Hockey League season was the 17th season of operation ( 16th season of play ) for the Anaheim Ducks franchise .
(2) The season 2009 -- 10 Anaheim Ducks was the 17th season of the operation ( 16th season of the game ) for the National Hockey League Franchise .
Do these two sentences mean the same thing?
Possible answers: A. no. B. yes. | A. | 3 | Flan2021 | paws_wiki:1.1.0 | zs_opt |
Write an article that answers the following question: Who kicked a 43-yard field goal? | Coming off their win over the Cardinals the Chiefs flew to Qwest Field where they played their old division rival, the Seattle Seahawks. In the first quarter, the Chiefs took the lead with QB Matt Cassel getting a 7-yard TD pass to WR Dwayne Bowe. They had a problem maintaining this lead as Dustin Colquitt's punt was blocked and returned 10 yards for a touchdown by FS Earl Thomas. They soon got the lead back as Shaun Smith got a 1-yard TD run, followed by Cassel finding Bowe again on a 36-yard TD pass. The lead was narrowed when kicker Olindo Mare got a 43-yard field goal, followed by QB Matt Hasselbeck getting a 13-yard TD pass to TE Chris Baker. The Chiefs pulled ahead with RB Jamaal Charles getting a 3-yard TD run, followed by Cassel throwing to Bowe on a 9-yard TD pass. The Seahawks responded as Hasselbeck completed an 87-yard TD pass to WR Ben Obomanu, but the Chiefs increased their lead as Cassel got a 6-yard TD pass to TE Tony Moeaki. | 7 | Flan2021 | drop:2.0.0 | zs_opt |
Context:The drain is clogged with hair. *It* has to be removed.
Is "It" the same as "The drain"? Possible answers:Pick your answer from: (I). no. (II). yes.
Answer: | (I). | 5 | Flan2021 | super_glue/wsc.fixed:1.0.2 | zs_opt |
Summarize this article:
The claim: Leaving the European Union would lead to an increase in air fares.
Reality Check verdict: The UK leaving the EU could lead to an increase in fares. The impact could be reduced or even avoided depending on what agreements the UK reached with the EU and other countries.
This sounds like a different opinion from February, when he said leaving the EU was unlikely to push up air fares.
You can see why he might be uncertain, because the answer depends largely on what happens in negotiations following a UK exit from the EU.
The EU created the legal framework for a single market for aviation in 1992.
Until then, the industry was dominated by national carriers and state-owned airports.
The new single market for aviation allowed any EU airline to operate from and between any country of the EU.
This led to the emergence of many airlines, including low-cost carriers, and increased competition, pushing fares down.
It meant, for example, that an Irish airline such as Ryanair could operate flights from London to Rome, when previously it could only operate flights that originated in or were destined for Ireland.
Air fares have fallen by about 40% since the EU created the single market, although it is worth bearing in mind that it is not only Europe that has low-cost airlines.
Several countries that are not EU-members are part of the European Common Aviation Area (ECAA), which grants access to the EU single market for aviation in return for compliance with safety requirements and economic cooperation with the EU.
The Western Balkans, Georgia, Israel, Jordan, Moldova and Morocco all have such arrangements, but the UK would not necessarily be granted such status - it would certainly not be automatic.
Also, there is a question of whether it would allow UK airlines such as Easyjet to fly from one airport elsewhere in the EU to another without setting up an EU-based subsidiary.
Similarly, an airline based elsewhere in the EU would not be able to fly freely from one UK airport to another.
Alternatively, the UK could try to reach a bilateral aviation agreement with the EU, which could take any form both sides were prepared to agree on.
Mr O'Leary specifically referred to the UK being "forced out" of the Open Skies regime, which is the aviation agreement between the EU and the US.
That agreement removed restrictions over which airlines were allowed to fly transatlantic routes as well as allowing US airlines to fly between EU airports (as long as the flight starts or finishes in the US) and allowing EU airlines to fly from the US to non-EU countries.
Norway and Iceland, which are not EU members, are nonetheless part of the Open Skies agreement, so the UK might go down that path or negotiate a new bilateral agreement with the US.
But it is possible the UK would not be able to negotiate access to any other markets, which would mean reduced competition and presumably increased prices.
Another factor for airlines would be the potential problems caused if the pound weakened following a Brexit, as various economists have predicted.
Oil is generally priced in dollars, so a weaker pound would be bad news for UK airlines, possibly making them raise fares.
Also, a weaker pound would make flights with foreign airlines more expensive for UK passengers.
Read more: The facts behind claims in the EU debate
Summary: | Ryanair boss Michael O'Leary said on Monday that Britain leaving the single market may lead to it being "forced out of the Open Skies regime", which would mean the price of flights would rise. | 1 | Flan2021 | huggingface:xsum | zs_opt |
Olaseni Lewis, known as Seni, was an ambitious 23-year-old IT graduate with a degree from Kingston University and plans for postgraduate study.
In August 2010 he was physically well with no history of mental illness.
But within two days of uncharacteristically odd and agitated behaviour - and 18 hours after being brought to hospital - he was all but dead, having collapsed during prolonged restraint by police.
He never regained consciousness and died three days later.
Seni was restrained three times - first by hospital staff and then by police - for 45 minutes before his collapse.
The IPCC investigation was completed in the autumn of 2011.
The family's solicitor Raju Bhatt said: "The family is faced, 12 months on, with no progress.
"The IPCC appear to recognise that 'confusion' and 'oversight' served to undermine their investigation."
The death raises uncomfortable questions in light of the inquest into Sean Rigg's death.
Mr Rigg, 40, died at Brixton Police Station in 2008. An inquest found police used "unsuitable" force.
At the inquest into Mr Rigg's death the South London and Maudsley Trust (Slam) admitted deficiencies in protocols between themselves and the Metropolitan Police.
The Met suggested they regularly look at how police and mental health practitioners work together.
So two years after Sean Rigg's death, why did things continue to go wrong?
It is not known why Seni Lewis began acting oddly, although he might have smoked strong cannabis.
When he failed to settle his family took him to Mayday University Hospital, Croydon.
His subsequent distressed behaviour concerned Accident and Emergency staff.
His family agreed he should be taken to a place of safety - known as a section 136 suite - at Maudsley Hospital to protect himself and others.
All the time he was showing signs of growing distress.
His father and friend joined him at the Maudsley and he was given medication.
But it was clear Mr Lewis was scared and uncertain what would happen next.
During the afternoon, he managed to leave the hospital, going to Denmark Hill Station - followed by hospital staff, his father and friend.
Police were called and Mr Lewis was coaxed back.
Mr Lewis's parents agreed he should stay in hospital for treatment, rest and assessment.
Mother Ajibola Lewis said: "We knew he wasn't well and needed help - more than we could give."
Staff agreed to admit him as a voluntary patient.
But admitting him required another journey - NHS managers insisted his home address meant he must go to Bethlem Royal Hospital several miles away.
Having helped Mr Lewis settle there his family left giving contact details.
At about midnight Mr Lewis's friend called the hospital to check on his welfare and was told he had been taken back to Mayday Hospital.
Staff were trying to get in touch with his family - apparently unaware they already had contact details for his mother.
The friend provided the details again and Mr Lewis's mother was informed he was taken to Mayday A&E after a "collapse".
His family have since gathered an outline of what transpired after they left Bethlem Hospital.
Mr Lewis had become increasingly agitated at their absence - especially when told he could not leave.
He understood he was there voluntarily.
The family said eventually it appears he was sectioned, restrained and held face down on the floor while medication was administered by hospital staff.
Police were called after he allegedly damaged a door and were asked to to help take Mr Lewis to the seclusion room.
His family understand that despite being handcuffed and struggling he was never violent.
Once inside the seclusion room he was held forcefully face down on the bed and then on the floor by police.
The restraint lasted 45 minutes and involved 11 officers.
Further medication was forcibly injected and - no longer struggling - he was left on his own lying face down on the floor, the Lewis family understands.
He was then seen motionless. In reality he was all but dead.
Following attempts to resuscitate him he was taken by ambulance to Mayday Hospital and put on life support, dying shortly afterwards.
The IPCC then investigated.
Mr Bhatt told the BBC none of the restraining officers have ever been put on notice that their conduct was under investigation.
They have not been interviewed, under caution or otherwise. Their written accounts remain untested.
Mr Lewis's case will offer more food for thought to new IPCC chairwoman, Dame Anne Owers.
She has already expressed concern that failure to interview police under caution undermines the search for the truth.
The IPCC has said it awaits advice from the CPS before proceeding, while the Met said it was unable to comment.
Meanwhile Slam claims it has striven to improve policies and practice.
An inquest is due next spring.
What was that article about? | Hot on the heels of the Independent Police Complaint Commission's announcement it will launch a review of its investigation into the death of Sean Rigg, a second London family have said the watchdog's probe into their son's death was deeply flawed. | 4 | Flan2021 | huggingface:xsum | zs_opt |
When 74-year-old Penny Sweat was evicted from the HUD-subsidized Glendale Senior Housing in Salt Lake City last month, she moved to a nonsubsidized apartment at five times her previous rent because she was unaware of her rights. It turns out the manager of the seniors complex, its attorneys and government overseers were unaware, too. Lee Kemp, a hearing-impaired World War II disabled vet, also was evicted, but he contacted Utah Legal Services and was told to stay put. Attorney Marty Blaustein then notified Utah Nonprofit Housing Corp., the building's owner, that Kemp's eviction was not legal and that he had a right to a hearing. That didn't stop Utah Nonprofit Housing's attorneys from then sending Kemp a summons to show cause why he had not moved out. Meanwhile, Sweat's granddaughter called Salt Lake City housing officials, federal housing officials, state officials and several agents of Utah Nonprofit Housing to find out about her grandmother's rights. Nobody knew. Blaustein then took Sweat's case along with Kemp's and demanded her ousting be rectified. Utah Nonprofit Housing President Marion Willey returned from an out-of-town trip and learned HUD procedures were not followed. The eviction was activated because of ongoing personality conflicts among seniors in the complex, he said, and the new building manager decided the problems were with Sweat and Kemp. Several tenants blame other neighbors as perpetrators of the rift, however. Willey said when his building manager called attorneys retained by the company, they erroneously told her she could go ahead and kick out the tenants. When she called HUD to make sure, the inquiry got bogged down in bureaucracy and nobody called her back. Willey says he has offered Sweat and Kemp apartments in another complex operated by his company at their old rates. He also is retaining new attorneys.
Question: "Who called HUD to make sure she was allowed to kick out the tenants?"
Response: "Willey"
pick from the following. A). no; B). yes;
Does the response correctly answer the question?
| B). | 0 | Flan2021 | super_glue/multirc:1.0.2 | zs_opt |
Add punctuation: It is therefore comprehensible that to the political workers of Europe and Americalistening to the demands of the majorityit may seem that the chief means for the improvement of the position of the people consists in tariffs trusts and colonies but to the Russian people in Russia where the agricultural population composes 80 per cent of the whole nation where all this people request only one thingthat opportunity be given them to remain in this stateit would seem it should be clear that for the improvement of the position of the people something else is necessary
| It is therefore comprehensible that to the political workers of Europe and America—listening to the demands of the majority—it may seem that the chief means for the improvement of the position of the people consists in tariffs, trusts, and colonies, but to the Russian people in Russia, where the agricultural population composes 80 per cent. of the whole nation, where all this people request only one thing—that opportunity be given them to remain in this state—it would seem it should be clear that for the improvement of the position of the people something else is necessary. | 6 | Flan2021 | fix_punct | zs_opt |
Add punctuation to the following sentence: Fill out the form below if you want to book a meeting with Kapacity about Performance Management Tell a little bit about your company and its challenges by adding a comment
| Fill out the form below if you want to book a meeting with Kapacity about Performance Management. Tell a little bit about your company and its challenges by adding a comment. | 7 | Flan2021 | fix_punct | zs_opt |
In a 1964 interview, Lee remarked that her aspiration was "to be ... the Jane Austen of South Alabama." Both Austen and Lee challenged the social status quo and valued individual worth over social standing. When Scout embarrasses her poorer classmate, Walter Cunningham, at the Finch home one day, Calpurnia, their black cook, chastises and punishes her for doing so. Atticus respects Calpurnia's judgment, and later in the book even stands up to his sister, the formidable Aunt Alexandra, when she strongly suggests they fire Calpurnia. One writer notes that Scout, "in Austenian fashion", satirizes women with whom she does not wish to identify. Literary critic Jean Blackall lists the priorities shared by the two authors: "affirmation of order in society, obedience, courtesy, and respect for the individual without regard for status".
Who does Scout Tease and humiliate at their house? | Walter Cunningham | 2 | Flan2021 | squad/v1.1:3.0.0 | zs_opt |
This is an email
Attached is a letter to TW notifying them of the CDEC rate increase and requesting their election on the pricing adjustment. Please review. We need to get this to TW asap.
What is the subject of this email? | TW Gallup Rate Increase Letter | 6 | Flan2021 | aeslc:1.0.0 | zs_opt |
Hail Bollywood and men Directors !
Really this is the ultimate limit in utter sacrifice made by Indian Woman !!
Viewing the current state of affairs in India where The wives are becoming more vicious day by day and are very possessive about their husbands - the Directors ..also can be called Uncle Scars (refer movie The Lion King) came up with a very new concept on how both the kept and the wife can live together happily ever after sharing everything between themselves ...including the spermikins !!
Story line : Married couple - very happy - but accidentally a mishap happens and wife has a miscarriage - lost the foetus along with the capacity of ever becoming a mother !
Now in in India, the in- laws usually drive away the daughter- in- law if she fails to give them an heir ! So the wife hits upon a major plan - surrogate mother...but the scientists intervened - "Sure artificial insemination" - NO said the artist (Director actually) - "Neighbourhood will come to know that the daughter - in - law is barren so they are going for surrogate mother !!
Neighbours ! society !! gosh the same ones who watch Fashion TV day and night - watching girls between the age group of 14 to 40 ...al in bras and panties - well those neighbors suddenly take an upper hand in family planning and decision making !!
SO the wife sends away her husband to a beer bar where girls are dancing on the stage - all mostly uneducated and illiterate - but men love such women as they can satisfy their egos a lot !
He hires the lead dancer in the pub - asks her to bear his baby - in exchange for money - she agrees - she comes home - becomes pregnant - wife and kept - both co-exist in the same house - in the mean time the prostitute also gets a taste of household life - so much caring people around - she misses them all and cries silently !! In the mean time - no one in the family comes to know that the real daughter in law is roaming around with a pillow beneath her petticoat !!- the mother or other elderly people never took her for check-ups - nor did they try to feel the baby's movements in the womb !!
Is the sentiment of this review positive or negative?
Choose from:
a). negative.
b). positive. | a). | 3 | Flan2021 | imdb_reviews/plain_text:1.0.0 | zs_opt |
When was cigarette advertising banned on television and radio ?
What kind of thing would answer this question?
Available choices: 1). description; 2). entity; 3). abbreviation; 4). human; 5). numeric; 6). location; | 5). | 6 | Flan2021 | trec:1.0.0 | zs_opt |
Premise: helping the kids more with their homework in the evenings um we just started a thing where every other week we go to uh movies there's a movie theater that offers dollar movies on Wednesday nights
Hypothesis: We have never been to the theater to watch a movie
Is the hypothesis entailed by the premise?
Select from:
-yes
-it is not possible to tell
-no And the answer is: | no | 1 | Flan2021 | glue/mnli:2.0.0 | zs_opt |
Here is some data about a restaurant: name = Travellers Rest Beefeater, priceRange = more than £30, customer rating = high, area = riverside, near = Café Adriatic. Write a sentence that includes the above data about a restaurant | Travellers Rest Beefeater has a high customer rating with a price range of more than 30 pounds. It is in the riverside area near Café Adriatic. | 4 | Flan2021 | gem/e2e_nlg:1.1.0 | zs_opt |
Write a text based on "polynesians protest against french atomic tests"
Text: | a number of polynesian nongovernmental organizations on thursday branded the planned resumption by france of nuclear testing as a crime against future generations . | 9 | Flan2021 | gigaword:1.2.0 | zs_opt |
Please add spaces between words: WorknextrowfromRSasfollows:5bandstsingarterst,1stinstockingst,diagramM.1Auntil11stsremain,finishwithdiagramM.1B(=6sts)and5bandstsingarterst.Continuethepatternlikethis.REMEMBERTHEKNITTINGTENSION!
| Work next row from RS as follows: 5 band sts in garter st, 1 st in stocking st, diagram M.1A until 11 sts remain, finish with diagram M.1B (= 6 sts) and 5 band sts in garter st. Continue the pattern like this. REMEMBER THE KNITTING TENSION! | 4 | Flan2021 | word_segment | zs_opt |
– That bitter tincture a bunch of mice in a Columbia University lab recently gagged on could have been sweet nectar, or even just plain water. Why they took issue with the taste: For a study published in the journal Nature, scientists fiddled with their brain cells to make them think they were sensing an entirely different taste—meaning taste may be nothing more than a "fragile illusion," as the Washington Post puts it. "Taste, the way you and I think of it, is ultimately in the brain," lead author Charles Zuker explains in a press release. He notes that while there are specific receptors on the tongue to pick up the five distinct tastes (sweet, sour, bitter, salty, and savory "umami"), the signals transmitted by each receptor are picked up by discrete sets of brain cells—cells that Zuker says can be effectively hacked to alter a subject's perception of a taste. And that's just what Zuker and his team did to the lab mice via optogenics, which uses the power of light to "selectively activate and deactivate the neurons associated with sweetness and bitterness," per the Post. Zuker compares it to pressing the keys of a piano: Press a certain key, get a certain sound. "But it doesn't matter how you press the key," he tells the Post. "You could use [a] finger, an elbow, a nose. It doesn't matter how we tweak the cells; if you tweak the right cells, you get the right signal." He says researchers saw that manifest in the lab when a mouse with a mouthful of water started gagging because scientists had "silenced" sweet-detecting neurons. "These experiments formally prove that the sense of taste is completely hardwired, independent of learning or experience," Zuker says, per ScienceAlert. Further research could eventually help people with eating and other disorders, he adds. And Zuker has even "sexier" goals in mind, per the Post. "If we could define the circuits involving courage, we could theoretically activate courage in the brain," he says. (Your lungs have taste buds, too, you know.)
Expand this summary. | Columbia University Medical Center reveals that scientists have found that taste ultimately comes from the brain, not the tongue and they have manipulated mice brain cells to change the way something tastes to a mouse. (Columbia University Medical Center)
You probably know that we perceive five basic tastes, and that taste has something to do with the tongue and the brain. But a new study shows just how weird our perception of reality truly is: Scientists showed that all it takes to convince a mouse that their mouth is full of sweet nectar or bitter poison is the manipulation of a few brain cells.
[The chemistry that makes your wine taste good (or bad)]
Learning more about this mechanism could unlock secrets of the human brain, perhaps even paving the way for new treatments for eating disorders, the researchers say.
"This study really serves to reemphasize the concept that in essence our reality is nothing but electrical signals in our brain," said Charles Zuker of Columbia University’s Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute. Zuker is the lead author of the new research, published in Nature on Wednesday. The results show that taste is hardwired in the brain, and can be triggered as easily by electrical signals as it can be by actual flavor chemicals.
The study built on Zuker's previous work, which showed that specialized cells in the tongue — designed to detect either sweet, sour, bitter, salty or umami tastes — corresponded to specialized cells in the brain.
[No, MSG isn't bad for you]
"Imagine these cells as being the keys of a piano," Zuker said. "You press the key and activate a wire that produces a specific sound. But it doesn't matter how you press the key. You could use finger, an elbow, a nose. It doesn’t matter how we tweak the cells; if you tweak the right cells you get the right signal."
Zuker hypothesized that he could activate or silence the brain cells being tweaked by the tongue cells, creating false perceptions of taste — and he was right.
By taking mice and training them to report what they were tasting ("It's not so easy for a mice to tell me this," Zuker quipped — but they were trained to move in particular directions when tasting bitter or sweet chemicals) Zuker and his postdoctoral co-author Yueqing Peng demonstrated that signals in the brain could create the experience of taste without any real stimuli.
They used optogenetics (explained in the video above) to selectively activate and deactivate the neurons associated with sweetness and bitterness.
"The biggest surprise was that they didn't just report sweet or bitter as they'd been trained to do, but much to our surprised they developed the full behavioral response," Zuker said. "We saw a mouse trying to clean its mouth of a bitter taste. This is extraordinary. There's nothing in there but water and the mouse is gagging, trying to get rid of a nonexistent chemical."
[These friendly food scientists want to make you feel good about eating chemicals]
There are more than 100 million neurons in a mouse's brain, but triggering just a few thousand of them was enough to create an experience that's supposed to be triggered by something material. Taste is important: It helps animals seek out the nutrients they need and avoid foods that could hurt them. But just like everything that goes on in the brain, it comes down to electrical signals — and those can always be hacked.
If you're willing to put a wire into your skull, anyway.
Zuker is hoping that further study will produce something useful for humans — no wires required.
"We're trying to figure out how all this is choreographed," he said, "how the brain uses this information to guide actions and behaviors."
If we can better understand the logic behind these circuits, he said, we might be able to find less invasive ways of tweaking them when they go wrong, as could be the case with certain eating disorders.
There are "bigger, sexier" ways to project the findings into the future, too, according to Zucker.
"Here we have a chunk of tissue that uses nearly a third of all of your energy and oxygen, yet it only weighs a small fraction of your total body weight, and it completely transforms the human condition," Zuker said. "It’s able to change fear into courage, sadness into happiness. How does it do it? Even though these are more abstract concepts than taste, I know they have to be encoded in circuits. If we could define the circuits involving courage, we could theoretically activate courage in the brain. But first we need to get the basics of how these processes work."
Read More:
Why carrots taste sweeter in winter
It turns out penguins can't really taste anything at all
170-year-old, shipwrecked champagne gets a taste test
Turkish people are talking with whistles, and it's challenging how we think the brain works
Eating carbs may have given human ancestors a big brain boost ||||| Researchers in the US have turned taste on and off in mice simply by activating and silencing certain brain cells. This demonstrates for the first time that taste is hardwired in the brain, and not dictated by our tastebuds, flipping our previous understanding of how taste works on its head.
It was previously thought that the taste receptors on our tongue perceived the five basic tastes – sweet, salty, sour, bitter, and umami – and then passed these messages onto our brain, where it registered what we'd just tasted. But the new study shows that although our tongues do detect the presence of certain chemicals, it's our brains that perceive flavour.
“Taste, the way you and I think of it, is ultimately in the brain,” said lead researcher Charles S. Zuker from Columbia University Medical Centre. “Dedicated taste receptors in the tongue detect sweet or bitter and so on, but it’s the brain that affords meaning to these chemicals.”
Previous work by Zuker's lab discovered that our tongue has dedicated receptors for each taste, and that each class of receptors sends a specific signal to the brain. More recently, the team built on this by showing that in addition to dedicated receptors, there are unique sets of brain cells – each in different locations – that receive these signals. The red area below is the bitter neurons, and the aqua shows where the sweet brain cells are.
Charles Zucker/Columbia University Medical Centre
In this study, they decided to play with these brain cells and see if they could activate or deactivate them in order to trick mice into thinking they were tasting something sweet or bitter, without them actually tasting either.
"In this study, we wanted to know if specific regions in the brain really represent sweet and bitter. If they do, silencing these regions would prevent the animal from tasting sweet or bitter, no matter how much we gave them," said Zuker. "And if we activate these fields, they should taste bitter or sweet, even though they’re only getting plain water."
What they observed was exactly as they'd expected – when the sweet neurons were silenced using an injectable drug, the mice couldn't taste anything sweet, but they could still detect bitter flavours.
And when the researchers activated the sweet neurons using laser light, the mice tasted sweet flavours, even though they were only drinking plain water. The same thing happened when they stimulated or silenced the bitter brain cells.
The team was able to tell what the mice were tasting by their obvious reactions – they licked their lips when they tasted real or simulated sweet flavours, and gagged and looked disgusted when they tasted bitter.
To make sure what they were seeing was real, the researchers trained mice to perform certain behaviours when they tasted something sweet or bitter, and their behaviours didn't differ between the real and simulated tastes. The same thing even happened in animals that had never tasted either of the flavours before.
"These experiments formally prove that the sense of taste is completely hardwired, independent of learning or experience," said Zuker.
This discovery not only changes everything we knew about taste, but demonstrates that taste is different from the olfactory system because it's hardwired.
"Odours don’t carry innate meaning until you associate them with experiences. One smell could be great for you and horrible to me," added Zuker. But taste is already set. "In other words, taste is all in the brain."
The research has been published in Nature. ||||| Most people probably think that we perceive the five basic tastes—sweet, sour, salty, bitter and umami (savory)—with our tongue, which then sends signals to our brain “telling” us what we’ve tasted. However, scientists have turned this idea on its head, demonstrating in mice the ability to change the way something tastes by manipulating groups of cells in the brain.
The findings were published today in the online edition of Nature.
“Taste, the way you and I think of it, is ultimately in the brain,” said study leader Charles S. Zuker, PhD, professor of biochemistry and molecular biophysics and of neuroscience, a member of the Kavli Institute for Brain Science and the Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, and a Howard Hughes Medical Institute Investigator at Columbia University Medical Center (CUMC). “Dedicated taste receptors in the tongue detect sweet or bitter and so on, but it’s the brain that affords meaning to these chemicals.”
The primary aim of Dr. Zuker’s lab is to understand how the brain transforms detection of chemical stimuli into perception. Over the past decade or so, Dr. Zuker and his colleagues proved that there are dedicated receptors for each taste on the tongue, and that each class of receptor sends a specific signal to the brain. More recently, they demonstrated that each taste is sensed by unique sets of brain cells, located in separate locations in the brain’s cortex – generating a map of taste qualities in the brain.
The scientists used optogenetics, which allowed them to directly activate specific neurons with laser light. Yueqing Peng, a postdoctoral associate in Dr. Zuker’s lab, examined whether manipulating the neurons in these brain regions could evoke the perception of sweet or bitter, without the mouse actually tasting either. (Sweet and bitter tastes were chosen because they are most critical and recognizable tastes for humans and other animals. Sweet taste permits the identification of energy-rich nutrients, while bitter warns against the intake of potentially noxious chemicals.)
“In this study, we wanted to know if specific regions in the brain really represent sweet and bitter. If they do, silencing these regions would prevent the animal from tasting sweet or bitter, no matter how much we gave them,” he said. “And if we activate these fields, they should taste bitter or sweet, even though they’re only getting plain water.”
This is exactly what the researchers observed. When scientists injected a substance into the mice to silence the sweet neurons, the animals could not reliably identify sweet. They could, however, still detect bitter. The animals regained their ability to taste sweet when the drug was flushed from the brain. Conversely, silencing the bitter neurons prevented the mice from recognizing bitter, but they could still taste sweet.
Remarkably, the researchers were also able to make the animals think they were tasting bitter or sweet even when the animal was only drinking water. When the researchers activated the sweet neurons during drinking, they observed behavioral responses in the mice associated with sweet, such as impressively increased licking. In contrast, stimulating bitter neurons dramatically suppressed licking, and elicited classic taste-rejection responses, including the activation of gagging behavior. These results showed that by manipulating the brain centers representing sweet and bitter taste they could directly control an animal’s sensory perception and behavioral actions, says Peng.
The researchers also performed optogenetic tests on animals that had never tasted sweet or bitter chemicals, and showed that activation of the corresponding neurons triggered the appropriate behavioral response. “These experiments formally prove that the sense of taste is completely hardwired, independent of learning or experience,” said Dr. Zuker, “which is different from the olfactory system. Odors don’t carry innate meaning until you associate them with experiences. One smell could be great for you and horrible to me.” (As humans, of course, we can eventually learn to enjoy bitters and dislike sugar.)
In a final set of experiments, animals were trained to report the identity of an orally applied sweet and bitter stimulus by performing a novel behavioral task, allowing the researchers to test what the animal is tasting. In the experiments, the mice tasted real bitter, sweet, and salty chemicals at times, but at other times the researchers used the laser to activate the animals’ sweet or bitter cortical fields. The behavior of the mice did not differ between the real and virtual tastes, demonstrating that the light is mimicking the perception of bitter and sweet. “In other words, taste is all in the brain,” said Zuker.
About: ||||| | 9 | Flan2021 | multi_news:1.0.0 | zs_opt |
He also wrote the state was right to execute a search warrant at the store .
He said he had told the state police to execute a search warrant but stop if they encountered resistance .
Are these two sentences paraphrases of each other?
pick from the following.
A). no;
B). yes; | A). | 6 | Flan2021 | glue/mrpc:2.0.0 | zs_opt |
Nirvana is NOT oblivion.
What is a sentence that would be (on a scale from 0 to 5) a (5). out of 5 in terms of textual similarity to the above sentence? | Nirvana is very different than oblivion. | 9 | Flan2021 | glue/stsb:2.0.0 | zs_opt |
This text is missing some spaces, please add them: thetotalareaofCabinetmaterials
| the total area of Cabinet materials | 5 | Flan2021 | word_segment | zs_opt |
Solve 0 = 5*s - s + 12 for s.. What is the answer?? | -3 | 9 | Flan2021 | math_dataset/algebra__linear_1d:1.0.0 | zs_opt |
On a scale from 0-5, where 0 is "not similar" and 5 is "very similar", how similar is the sentence "Metropolitan Ambulance spokesman James Howe said five people were taken to hospital and three were treated at the scene after yesterday's incident." to the sentence "Spokesman James Howe said five children aged between 4 and 17 were taken to hospital with neck and chest injuries, while three others were treated at the scene."?
Options: -- 0 -- 1 -- 2 -- 3 -- 4 -- 5 | 3 | 6 | Flan2021 | glue/stsb:2.0.0 | zs_opt |
Write a title:
The number of Americans filing new claims for jobless benefits rose 25,000 last week to 349,000, a government report showed on Thursday, with some analysts citing the US Thanksgiving holiday as distorting the data.
Title: | Jobless Claims Rise More Sharply Than Expected | 8 | Flan2021 | ag_news_subset:1.0.0 | zs_opt |
Background: Maurice Daniel Robert Malpas (born 3 August 1962) is a Scottish football player and coach. He signed for Dundee United in 1979 and spent his entire professional playing career with the club until his retirement in 2000. With him United were Scottish champions in 1983 and Scottish Cup winners in 1994. European runs there included reaching the 1983-84 European Cup semi final and the 1987 UEFA Cup Final.
Context: Malpas was born in Dunfermline Fife. and played youth football for Leven Royals. He signed for Dundee United in August 1979. His total of 830 competitive first team appearances is the second highest in the club's history. Malpas initially combined his football career with studying for an electrical engineering degree, and didn't become a full-time professional until 1984. Despite this, he made his debut in for Dundee United in 1981 and won the Scottish Football League Premier Division title in 1983. In the subsequent 1983-84 European Cup United reached the semi final. United made it to the 1986/87 UEFA Cup Final. En route they defeated Terry Venables' F.C. Barcelona side featuring Gary Lineker and Mark Hughes at home and away in the quarter finals. Kevin Gallacher scored the only goal in the first leg at home. Ian Redford delivered the free kick headed home by John Clark for a 2nd leg equaliser at Camp Nou. This prompted Lineker to prophetically say to one of the United players, 'this mob'll just chuck it.' Iain Ferguson then scored a second for United nodding in Paul Sturrock's cross to win 3-1 on aggregate. In the semi final they drew 0-0 at home to Borussia Monchengladbach. In the return leg in Germany they inflicted Borussia's first home defeat in Europe in 55 games going back to 1970. Ferguson put United ahead just before half time. Redford capped the United performance with a last minute goal to seal a 2-0 win. Billy Thomson was injured after five minutes of the final first leg diving at the feet of Lennart Nilsson and needed five stitches for a blow just behind his left ear. Some reports said Thomson almost lost his ear. Thomson though repelled attack after attack and was beaten only once when Stefan Pettersson scored. McLean described Thomson's performance as "magnificent". Despite Clark scoring in the final in the 1-1 second leg draw at Tannadice, United lost 2-1 on aggregate. United played in the Scottish Cup Final in 1987. Ferguson had a much disputed extra time goal disallowed. Five minutes later name sake Ian Ferguson scored the only goal of the game for a 1-0 St Mirren win. Gallagher had United ahead the year after when they lost 2-1 to Celtic. In 1991 Dave Bowman, John O'Neil and Darren Jackson scored in the 4-3 extra time defeat to Motherwell. Captain Malpas lifted the trophy when Craig Brewster scored the only goal in the 1994 Scottish Cup Final win against Rangers. Malpas won the SFWA Footballer of the Year award in 1991. His long service was rewarded with two testimonial matches, in 1991 and 2000. He was inducted into the Dundee United Hall of Fame as one of its inaugural members in 2008.
Question: What position did he play?
Answer: | 4 | Flan2021 | quac:1.0.0 | zs_opt | |
În ceea ce îi priveşte pe cei care promovează această teorie şi ne intimidează cu încălzirea globală, merită cercetat în interesul cui acţionează aceştia.
Could you please translate this to English? | With regard to those who are spreading this theory and intimidating us with global warming, it would be worth investigating in whose interests they are acting. | 2 | Flan2021 | wmt16_translate/ro-en:1.0.0 | zs_opt |
Possible tweet sentiments: Possible answers:
(a). negative.
(b). positive.
Write a tweet that is (a).. | Shut up and put your money where your mouth is. My mom thinks I have a Katy Perry haircut. Hmmmmm. Can't talk to andy on the phone. Hmph. | 6 | Flan2021 | sentiment140:1.0.0 | zs_opt |
I ' m absolutely worn out . Today was spent completely rearranging the store . We flip - flopped it , moving some movie shelves over to where my stuff used to be , and moved my stuff closer to the front of the store and arranged it a little better . We put out a table to hold the stuff we took off the wall , and it gave us more room to move stuff that had been on the shelves , so we could then use the shelves to hold more stuff that we put out . We sorted through more boxes and put out some more items , and I got some new things listed .
Options are:
+She needed to get rid of the sale table because it was taking up space ..
+She wanted her items in a more prominent position so they would sell ..
+She had to rearrange the dog food section for next week ..
+None of the above choices ..
Answer the following question: Why did they rearrange the store ?
| She wanted her items in a more prominent position so they would sell . | 2 | Flan2021 | cosmos_qa:1.0.0 | zs_opt |
Answer the question
Which type of force requires contact between two objects for one to push or pull the other?
Options:
A). frictional forces slowing down a rolling soccer ball
B). the magnetic force pulling paper clips to a powerful electromagnet
C). the magnetic force pushing two magnets apart
D). the force of gravity acting on raindrops that fall to Earth | A). | 5 | Flan2021 | ai2_arc/ARC-Challenge:1.0.0 | zs_opt |
if all things develop, if institutions of one kind give place to others, why should the autocracy of the prussian king or of the russian tsar, the enrichment of an insignificant minority at the expense of the vast majority, or the domination of the bourgeoisie over the people, continue for ever? hegel’s philosophy spoke of the development of the mind and of ideas; it was idealistic.
Make this proper case. | If all things develop, if institutions of one kind give place to others, why should the autocracy of the Prussian king or of the Russian tsar, the enrichment of an insignificant minority at the expense of the vast majority, or the domination of the bourgeoisie over the people, continue for ever? Hegel’s philosophy spoke of the development of the mind and of ideas; it was idealistic. | 7 | Flan2021 | true_case | zs_opt |
In the 2014-15 season the Rangers won the Presidents Trophy for the third time in franchise history and their seventh division title by finishing with the best record in the NHL at 53–22–7. The 53 wins and 113 points both set franchise records. The division title was the Rangers first in the Metropolitan Division, which was created during the NHLs realignment in the 2013 off-season. The team won 28 road games in the regular season, breaking the franchise record set the previous season. Over the course of the season the Rangers agreed to terms on a contract extension with Cam Talbot, Marc Staal, and Mats Zuccarello. In the playoffs the Rangers dispatched the Pittsburgh Penguins in five games in the first round. The Rangers then came back from a 3–1 series deficit to win their second-round series against the Capitals in seven games, becoming the first team in NHL history to battle back from a 3–1 deficit in back-to-back seasons and sending the Rangers to the Eastern Conference Final for the third time in four years. However, after winning the first game against the Tampa Bay Lightning, the Rangers lost Game 2 by four goals. The two teams split the first four games of the series, but the Rangers lost Game 5 by a 2–0 scoreline at home, which gave the Lightning an opportunity to clinch the conference finals in Tampa Bay. However, this did not happen in Game 6, as Derick Brassard scored a hat-trick and assisted on two other goals in an emphatic 7–3 Rangers victory to force Game 7 in New York. There, the Lightning shutout the Rangers 2–0, ending the Rangers season and marking the first occasion the Rangers had ever lost a Game 7 at home in franchise history and the first time they lost an elimination game at home since they lost to Buffalo in 2007 Stanley Cup playoffs.
Based on the above article, answer a question. When did the Rangers first lose a Game 7 at home? | 5 | Flan2021 | drop:2.0.0 | zs_opt | |
Here is an email: I'm getting my head above water WRT the demand letters we sent in early March and all the associated fallout from those letters. Preparing for our next move to bring in more cash. We can send more demand letters for Mar02 non-paid invoices (don't know yet how many there are) and/or pursue default interest payments associated w/ the previous demand letter payments. Sara and Angelo, let's get together to plot out our next actions. I'll set up a meeting.
What is a potential subject line for this email? | New Round of Demand Letters? | 3 | Flan2021 | aeslc:1.0.0 | zs_opt |
Select from options: Continue writing the next sentence.
A boy is sitting in front of the camera, then he stands up and joins his team. they
Options are:
[a]. are then shown doing three large stunts, jumping and flipping.;
[b]. continue to compete, riding on batons and throwing balls out in the field.;
[c]. are playing volleyball, and we see him serve the ball numerous times.;
[d]. swing their flag around for a while, then they start with the team playing and riding in the raft.;
Answer: | [c]. | 2 | Flan2021 | hellaswag:1.1.0 | zs_opt |
Choose how you want this story to end.
(CNN) -- The rebel battalions and commanders battling Syrian President Bashar al-Assad's regime are signing a "code of conduct" pledging to refrain from torture and other human rights abuses, an opposition group said Wednesday. More than two dozen Free Syrian Army officials have signed the documents, just days after an uproar over reports that a unit called the Tawheed brigade claimed responsibility for executing pro-regime members of the Berri clan in Aleppo, the opposition Local Coordination Committees of Syria said. Rafif Jouejati, the LCC English-language spokeswoman, said some of the content in the code had been in development for months by human rights experts and the LCC and FSA. But the work was accelerated in the wake of the executions last week, she said.
The
OPTIONS:
- Aleppo said "these ethics and principles represent the essence of our revolution and its moral and national foundation."
- Bashar al-Assad said "these ethics and principles represent the essence of our revolution and its moral and national foundation."
- Berri said "these ethics and principles represent the essence of our revolution and its moral and national foundation."
- CNN said "these ethics and principles represent the essence of our revolution and its moral and national foundation."
- FSA said "these ethics and principles represent the essence of our revolution and its moral and national foundation."
- Free Syrian Army said "these ethics and principles represent the essence of our revolution and its moral and national foundation."
- LCC said "these ethics and principles represent the essence of our revolution and its moral and national foundation."
- Local Coordination Committees of Syria said "these ethics and principles represent the essence of our revolution and its moral and national foundation."
- Rafif Jouejati said "these ethics and principles represent the essence of our revolution and its moral and national foundation."
- Syrian said "these ethics and principles represent the essence of our revolution and its moral and national foundation."
- Tawheed brigade said "these ethics and principles represent the essence of our revolution and its moral and national foundation."
| LCC said "these ethics and principles represent the essence of our revolution and its moral and national foundation." | 5 | Flan2021 | super_glue/record:1.0.2 | zs_opt |
News article: Josh Duhamel -- Giving Hot Chicks CPR is NOT Cheating
Josh Duhamel Giving Hot Chicks CPR is NOT Cheating
Hey ladies, wanna lock lips with
's husband)? Well there might finally be an opening for you -- BUT only if you're on the verge of death.
Duhamel was in Santa Monica this weekend -- doing his part at a youth event for the Red Cross -- when our photog asked him the most intelligent question ever: IS IT OKAY TO GIVE CPR TO A HOT CHICK, IF YOU'RE IN A RELATIONSHIP???
Josh's answer is pretty great. Not only does he say he's willing to come to a beautiful lady's rescue ... but it's practically his duty, adding "Everybody needs to save a hot chick."
What are the most important parts of this news article? | Hey ladies, wanna lock lips with Josh Duhamel (a.k.a. Fergie's husband)? Well there might finally be an opening for you -- BUT only if you're on the verge… | 6 | Flan2021 | newsroom:1.0.0 | zs_opt |
Read this: A defect in the human homologue of the Drosophila "period" gene was identified as a cause of the sleep disorder FASPS (Familial advanced sleep phase syndrome), underscoring the conserved nature of the molecular circadian clock through evolution. Many more genetic components of the biological clock are now known. Their interactions result in an interlocked feedback loop of gene products resulting in periodic fluctuations that the cells of the body interpret as a specific time of the day.[citation needed]
Now answer this question, if there is an answer (If it cannot be answered, return "unanswerable"): What is Familial advanced sleep phase syndrome? | FASPS | 8 | Flan2021 | squad/v2.0:3.0.0 | zs_opt |
Choose your answer.OPTIONS:
1). no
2). yes.
The firemen arrived after the police because *they* were coming from so far away.
Do "they" and "The firemen" mean the same thing? | 2). | 3 | Flan2021 | super_glue/wsc.fixed:1.0.2 | zs_opt |
the indonesian government on monday dismissed the report that it will issue international bond party in euro denomination .
What is a very short summary of the above text? | indonesian government not to issue global bond in euro | 5 | Flan2021 | gigaword:1.2.0 | zs_opt |
Translate the following sentence to German:
There are other outstanding issues related to the Comprehensive Peace Agreement still to be resolved, including North-South border demarcation and the holding of popular consultations in Blue Nile and Southern Kordofan.
German: | Es gibt noch offene Fragen, die in Bezug auf das Umfassende Friedensabkommen noch gelöst werden müssen, einschließlich der Grenzdemarkation zwischen dem Norden und dem Süden und die Durchführung von Volksbefragungen am Blauen Nil und in Süd-Kurdufan. | 5 | Flan2021 | wmt16_translate/de-en:1.0.0 | zs_opt |
Since then, she has earned promotions from managing attorney, senior attorney, then director of the Council on Aging project.
Does it follow that "In the last 10 years she has had career success and moved up the ladder steadily."?
OPTIONS:
(1). yes
(2). it is not possible to tell
(3). no | (2). | 9 | Flan2021 | glue/mnli:2.0.0 | zs_opt |
Just woke up ah. Time to bury bunny
Describe the sentiment embodied by this tweet.
OPTIONS:
1). negative;
2). positive;
I think the answer is | 1). | 2 | Flan2021 | sentiment140:1.0.0 | zs_opt |
Generate a context and a hypothesis. | Context: The Grand Prix des Frontières was a motor race held at a street circuit in Chimay, Belgium. The race was created by Jules Buisseret, who was also responsible for the circuit's existence. The first event was held in 1929 and was discontinued after the 1972 event for safety reasons.
Hypothesis: The race was determined to be unsafe. | 9 | Flan2021 | anli/r2:0.1.0 | zs_opt |
Which process must occur for clouds to form?
Select from the following.
[1]. erosion.
[2]. conduction.
[3]. condensation.
[4]. precipitation.
| [3]. | 8 | Flan2021 | unified_qa_science_inst | zs_opt |
Answer the questions at the end based on the text.
CHAPTER II.
EVENTS AT TEN ACRES.
THERE was no obstacle to the speedy departure of Romayne and his wife from Vange Abbey. The villa at Highgate--called Ten Acres Lodge, in allusion to the measurement of the grounds surrounding the house--had been kept in perfect order by the servants of the late Lady Berrick, now in the employment of her nephew.
On the morning after their arrival at the villa, Stella sent a note to her mother. The same afternoon, Mrs. Eyrecourt arrived at Ten Acres--on her way to a garden-party. Finding the house, to her great relief, a modern building, supplied with all the newest comforts and luxuries, she at once began to plan a grand party, in celebration of the return of the bride and bridegroom.
"I don't wish to praise myself," Mrs. Eyrecourt said; "but if ever there was a forgiving woman, I am that person. We will say no more, Stella, about your truly contemptible wedding--five people altogether, including ourselves and the Lorings. A grand ball will set you right with society, and that is the one thing needful. Tea and coffee, my dear Romayne, in your study; Coote's quadrille band; the supper from Gunter's, the grounds illuminated with colored lamps; Tyrolese singers among the trees, relieved by military music--and, if there _are_ any African or other savages now in London, there is room enough in these charming grounds for encampments, dances, squaws, scalps, and all the rest of it, to end in a blaze of fireworks."
A sudden fit of coughing seized her, and stopped the further enumeration of attractions at the contemplated ball. Stella had observed that her mother looked unusually worn and haggard, through the disguises of paint and powder. This was not an uncommon result of Mrs. Eyrecourt's devotion to the demands of society; but the cough was something new, as a symptom of exhaustion.
1. when did Stella send a note to mom?
2. where did Romayne and his wife leave?
3. what did Mrs. Eyrecourt begin to plan?
4. for what?
5. how did Stella think her mom looked?
6. what is the villa named?
7. who do the servants work for?
8. how many people came to the wedding?
9. what does Mrs. Eyrecourt call herself?
10. what band will play at the party?
11. what was disguises Mrs Eyecourts face?
12. what made her look tired?
13. what was causing the cough?
14. was it new?
15. who took over the villa after Lady berrick passed?
16. why was it called ten acre lodge?
17. where was mom headed when she stopped at the villa?
18. how did she feel about stellas wedding?
19. what does she think hosting a ball will do?
20. what did the house make Mrs. Eyrecourt feel?
Numbered answers: | 1. the morning after their arrival
2. Vange Abbey
3. a party,
4. in celebration
5. worn
6. Ten Acres Lodge
7. Lady Berrick
8. five
9. forgiving woman,
10. Tyrolese
11. paint and powder.
12. demands of society
13. exhaustion.
14. yes
15. her nephew.
16. the measurement of the grounds surrounding the house
17. to a garden-party.
18. contemptible
19. set her right with society,
20. relief | 2 | Flan2021 | coqa:1.0.0 | zs_opt |
Ruffner , 45 , doesn 't yet have an attorney in the murder charge , authorities said .
Ruffner , 45 , does not have a lawyer on the murder charge , authorities said .
Select from the options at the end. Do the above sentences mean the same thing?
(1). no (2). yes | (2). | 2 | Flan2021 | glue/mrpc:2.0.0 | zs_opt |
Math problem: Solve -y - 35 + 30 = 0 for y.
What is the solution? | -5 | 6 | Flan2021 | math_dataset/algebra__linear_1d:1.0.0 | zs_opt |
There's so little here of the fantastic Anne Rice book that what IS here makes no sense. Some of the characters--intense and surprising characters--don't make it to the screen at all, and those who do are watered down to the point that there's no reason for their existence.
Where's the relationship between Christophe and Marcel? Where's the continued affair between Marcel and Juliet? Why does Dolly Rose appear at all, since her story's never explained? Where's the rape and redemption of Marie, whose greatest attribute (and downfall) is that she can pass for white--and her marriage to Richard? Why does the film end with Marcel's beating at the hands of his father? We learn nothing of Aglae beyond that she's a bitch who hates her husband; why no backstory explaining this hatred?
As for the performances, there's not a one that's better than mediocre, though that's likely due to the lousy script. Best of the lot is that of the actor playing Richard--but Richard's not on screen enough to salvage the film. Worst is Jasmine Guy as Dolly Rose, though again, it comes down to the actress having nothing to do with what little she's given to work with.
All in all, this is just terrible. I thought it'd be impossible for any Anne Rice book-turned film to be worse than EXIT TO EDEN, but FEAST OF ALL SAINTS makes that mess look like a critical hit. How is it that Rice is such a slut she'll allow her best works to become such junk on the screen?
Choose your answer. How would you describe the sentiment of this review?
OPTIONS: --negative --positive | negative | 2 | Flan2021 | imdb_reviews/plain_text:1.0.0 | zs_opt |
Write a sentence about the following things:
break, dream, heart | broken hearts and dreams in the streets | 4 | Flan2021 | gem/common_gen:1.1.0 | zs_opt |
Q: Where did Feynman spend his time during his contract at UW?
A: In a talk given several years later at UW, Feynman quipped, "It's great to be back at the only university that ever had the good sense to fire me."
Does the answer correctly answer the question
Select from the following. + yes + no | no | 5 | Flan2021 | glue/qnli:2.0.0 | zs_opt |
Can we draw the following hypothesis from the context (see options)?
Context:
Barlovento (Spanish for windward) is a municipality in the northern part of the island of La Palma, one of the Canary Islands, and a part of the province of Santa Cruz de Tenerife. Barlovento is on the main highway which encircles the island. The land rises steeply from a small coastal plain, to the rim of the Caldera de Taburiente at Pico de la Cruz (2,350m)
Hypothesis: barlovento has lots of earthquakes
pick from the following.
(A). Yes;
(B). It's impossible to say;
(C). No; | (B). | 7 | Flan2021 | anli/r2:0.1.0 | zs_opt |
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