inputs stringlengths 17 1.05M | targets stringlengths 0 2.92M | _template_idx int64 0 9 | _task_source stringclasses 1 value | _task_name stringclasses 70 values | _template_type stringclasses 1 value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Is the premise "Two smiling children in a swimming pool." true if "The swimming pool has people in it."?
Pick from:
(A). yes
(B). it is not possible to tell
(C). no | (A). | 8 | Flan2021 | snli:1.1.0 | zs_opt |
Premise: A group of women walk down the street all carrying open umbrellas to protect them from the rain coming down from the sky.
Hypothesis: Its a beautiful day outside for a group of women.
.Choose the correct answer: Given the premise, can we conclude the hypothesis?
OPT:
A). yes;
B). it is not possible to tell;
C). no; | C). | 5 | Flan2021 | snli:1.1.0 | zs_opt |
Please capitalize where necessary: it is intelligent, rational understanding, based on the instruction of the creator! | It is intelligent, rational UNDERSTANDING, based on the instruction of the Creator! | 8 | Flan2021 | true_case | zs_opt |
Would a linguist find the following sentence to be a valid English sentence grammatically?
You is the only person that I can rely on.
OPT: + unacceptable; + acceptable; | acceptable | 7 | Flan2021 | glue/cola:2.0.0 | zs_opt |
What name is usually given to the larva of a click beetle ???? | wireworm | 7 | Flan2021 | trivia_qa/rc:1.1.0 | zs_opt |
Answer this question.
"What musical instrument did the devil play in the song ""The Devil Went Down to Georgia""?" | fiddle | 4 | Flan2021 | trivia_qa/rc:1.1.0 | zs_opt |
Single/multi-select question: Does the sentence "In a June 2008 speech, President and CEO of the New York Federal Reserve Bank Timothy Geithner—who in 2009 became Secretary of the United States Treasury—placed significant blame for the freezing of credit markets on a "run" on the entities in the "parallel" banking system, also called the shadow banking system." provide a valid answer to the question "What year did Timothy Geithner become U.S. Treasury Secretary?"
--yes.
--no. | yes | 1 | Flan2021 | glue/qnli:2.0.0 | zs_opt |
Solve 982*c = 957*c + 75 for c. | 3 | 0 | Flan2021 | math_dataset/algebra__linear_1d:1.0.0 | zs_opt |
Bachelor Party<br>Tim was getting married. His friends wanted to throw him a bachelor party. His fiance was completely against it. Tim did it behind her back anyway. His fiancee dumped him before the wedding.
Does this next sentence follow, given the preceding text?
Tim sold the ring
Pick from: 1. Yes. 2. It's impossible to say. 3. No. | 2. | 3 | Flan2021 | anli/r3:0.1.0 | zs_opt |
Fact: as the weight of an animal decreases , that animal will fly more easily
Question: If a raptor loses weight, then it will have an easier time
What's the answer? Choose from:
A). eating a goldfish cracker.
B). building a small house.
C). circling way up there.
D). leaving home at night. | C). | 5 | Flan2021 | openbookqa:0.1.0 | zs_opt |
How does the sentence end?
Samantha put Laura in charge of managing records of internet transactions since
1). Samantha was the employee..
2). Laura was the employee.. | 2). | 5 | Flan2021 | winogrande:1.1.0 | zs_opt |
Article:They were part of a group of four men who were descending Slieve Bearnagh at about 16:30 BST.
One of the men had fallen near granite slabs on the mountain and suffered head and back injuries, and a second man was hurt while he tried to help.
A Coastguard helicopter took the men to Belfast for hospital treatment.
The Mourne Mountain Rescue Team (MMRT) had responded to the group's call for help, and 18 volunteers assisted with the rescue.
The HM Coastguard helicopter from Holyhead in Wales was called for the first faller "due to the severity the casualties injuries", the MMRT said.
An Irish Coast Guard helicopter then flew to the Mournes from Dublin for the second man when his condition deteriorated as he was being taken from the mountain.
Neville Watson, who co-ordinated the rescue for the MMRT, said the first man had become disorientated and had then "fallen some distance".
"The young guy who took the initial fall had stumbled - on that kind of steep ground once a fall starts it's very difficult to control it," he said.
"The second guy had taken a tumble when he went down to see if his friend was OK.
"He was suffering from pain in his hip area and leg area and we were concerned that there may have been additional internal injuries along with that."
Mr Watson said the part of the mountain where the men, believed to be in their 20s, fell was a "fairly steep, rocky area", which is popular with rock-climbers.
"Unfortunately they found themselves on difficult ground and they really weren't up for that kind of terrain.
"There's also an element of bad luck."
Summarize the main points of that article. | Two hikers have been taken to hospital after they were rescued by a Coastguard helicopter from the Mourne mountains in County Down on Saturday night. | 7 | Flan2021 | huggingface:xsum | zs_opt |
Here are some concepts: fire, recover, tree
What is a sentence about these concepts? | trees with blacken trunk that survive and recover from forest fire | 2 | Flan2021 | gem/common_gen:1.1.0 | zs_opt |
If "A guy dressed in red is approached by police.", does this mean that "The police will question the man about a robbery."?
Options:
(A). yes;
(B). it is not possible to tell;
(C). no; | (B). | 0 | Flan2021 | snli:1.1.0 | zs_opt |
Lakhani was charged with attempting to provide material support and resources to a terrorist group and acting as an arms broker without a license .
He was charged with attempting to provide material support and resources to terrorists , and dealing arms without a licence .
Are these two sentences paraphrases of each other?
Options are: a. no b. yes | b. | 6 | Flan2021 | glue/mrpc:2.0.0 | zs_opt |
Choose from the options at the end. Are the following two questions the same?
How do I know that she actually loves you?
How do you know when someone really loves you?
A). no;
B). yes;
The answer is: | A). | 8 | Flan2021 | glue/qqp:2.0.0 | zs_opt |
Write the following list of characters into a correctly formed sentence: Inmostcases,InitializeshouldbecalledimmediatelyaftertheSCOislaunched.
| In most cases, Initialize should be called immediately after the SCO is launched. | 7 | Flan2021 | word_segment | zs_opt |
Write a text based on "egypt 's journalist union leaders resign to protest law"
Text: | the executive board of egypt 's journalists ' union submitted its resignation monday , protesting the government had ignored appeals to change a controversial law which they say muzzles freedom of the press . | 9 | Flan2021 | gigaword:1.2.0 | zs_opt |
Read the text and determine if the sentence is true:
The 26-member International Energy Agency said, Friday, that member countries would release oil to help relieve the U.S. fuel crisis caused by Hurricane Katrina.
Sentence: Foreign oil reserves will be made available to the U.S. in the wake of Hurricane Katrina.
Possible answers: +yes. +no.
A: | yes | 6 | Flan2021 | super_glue/rte:1.0.2 | zs_opt |
Write the last sentence in this story.
Tokyo (CNN) -- Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe on Wednesday described as "dangerous" and "regrettable" the actions of a Chinese navy ship that Tokyo says put a radar-lock on a Japanese vessel last week. His comments come amid severely strained relations between the two Asian powers over a set of disputed islands in the East China Sea. The tensions over the islands -- which Japan currently administers but both countries claim sovereignty over -- have resulted in maritime standoffs and the scrambling of Japanese fighter jets in recent months. In the latest incident, Japan accused the Chinese navy ship of using radar to gather information on the location of a Japanese warship in the East China Sea. That type of radar could be used to produce data needed to fire upon the Japanese vessel.
OPTIONS:
- Asian then sold the islands in 1932 to descendants of the original settlers.
- CNN then sold the islands in 1932 to descendants of the original settlers.
- China then sold the islands in 1932 to descendants of the original settlers.
- Chinese then sold the islands in 1932 to descendants of the original settlers.
- East China Sea then sold the islands in 1932 to descendants of the original settlers.
- Japan then sold the islands in 1932 to descendants of the original settlers.
- Japanese then sold the islands in 1932 to descendants of the original settlers.
- Shinzo Abe then sold the islands in 1932 to descendants of the original settlers.
- Taiwan then sold the islands in 1932 to descendants of the original settlers.
- Tokyo then sold the islands in 1932 to descendants of the original settlers.
| Japan then sold the islands in 1932 to descendants of the original settlers. | 6 | Flan2021 | super_glue/record:1.0.2 | zs_opt |
We stayed here for Labor Day weekend. Overall it was great experience. The architecture and the room layout was very nice, it felt like Don Draper from Mad Men was staying in the next door :) The grounds of Valley Ho are green and nicely landscaped. My favorite part was the fact that it's a pet friendly hotel (they even give you a food bowl and doggie bags- nice touch) so we could bring our pup with us which was awesome. We also enjoyed 2 pools and the restaurant which had great breakfast and drinks. It is located in a walking distance from all the shops and galleries and within a short drive from the mall, so it hits a variety of point. The staff was friendly as well. I would come back here and recommend it. The only thing I would've changed is make the in room water bottles free, everything else was good.
Choose the sentiment of this review?
Possible answers: [-] negative. [-] positive. | positive | 1 | Flan2021 | yelp_polarity_reviews:0.2.0 | zs_opt |
Translate to Finnish:
The Committee on Culture, Youth, Education, the Media and Sport takes the view that as regards Seattle we need a holistic approach to audiovisual services.
Finnish: | Kulttuuri-, nuoriso-, koulutus-, tiedonvälitys- ja urheiluvaliokunta katsoo, että meidän on omaksuttava kokonaisvaltainen lähestymistapa audiovisuaalisiin palveluihin Seattlea varten. | 4 | Flan2021 | wmt16_translate/fi-en:1.0.0 | zs_opt |
Generate short a sentence that can be linguistically classified as (b). (Pick from: (a). unacceptable (b). acceptable) | Those days Bill offered Mary everything he cooked. | 8 | Flan2021 | glue/cola:2.0.0 | zs_opt |
Write a sentence in Spanish. | – El movimiento creará “un manual para las movilizaciones”, y otro manual para las brigadas. | 9 | Flan2021 | para_crawl_enes | zs_opt |
John shot Jack, the elephant, in my pajamas, but he did not know how it got there.
OPT: --John; --Jack;
Who is he referring to? | John | 0 | Flan2021 | definite_pronoun_resolution:1.1.0 | zs_opt |
Read the following paragraph and determine if the hypothesis is true. Select from options at the end:
Sources in Tegucigalpa reported that many Latin American countries are gearing up to face Hurricane "Mitch".
Hypothesis: South American countries are preparing for "Mitch"
Possible answers: i. yes; ii. no;
The answer is | i. | 5 | Flan2021 | super_glue/rte:1.0.2 | zs_opt |
Here is a single or multi-choice question: Who invented the Moog Synthesizer ?
Would the answer to this question be an entity, an abbreviation, a description, a human, a location, or a numeric value?
Options:
+description;
+entity;
+abbreviation;
+human;
+numeric;
+location; | human | 7 | Flan2021 | trec:1.0.0 | zs_opt |
Complete the passage: pick from possible candidates.
Pirot, Serbia (CNN) -- In the backroom of a small house in Pirot in southeastern Serbia, a handful of women are fighting to keep an ancient craft alive. Their dexterous fingers race up and down large wooden looms, weaving the bold geometric patterns distinct to Pirot carpets. Once celebrated throughout Europe for their beauty, Pirot carpets graced the walls and floors of Serbian royal palaces, as well homes of the urban elite. Weaved for over four centuries in the town after which they were named -- Pirot, once a thriving trade center on the caravan route between east and west -- they were ceremonially rolled out for state visits, and given to foreign dignitaries.
They have two identical sides and are geographically protected, which means that they can only be made in the Pirot area, and out of
OPTIONS:
- CNN sheep -- a rare breed with only a few flocks counting just 250 sheep remaining.
- Europe sheep -- a rare breed with only a few flocks counting just 250 sheep remaining.
- Pirot sheep -- a rare breed with only a few flocks counting just 250 sheep remaining.
- Serbia sheep -- a rare breed with only a few flocks counting just 250 sheep remaining.
- Serbian sheep -- a rare breed with only a few flocks counting just 250 sheep remaining.
| Pirot sheep -- a rare breed with only a few flocks counting just 250 sheep remaining. | 0 | Flan2021 | super_glue/record:1.0.2 | zs_opt |
Choose from options: Determine if the sentence is true based on the text below:
Mary Isobel Downer, Lady Downer never loved her husband federal MP Sir Alexander "Alick" Downer
Mary Isobel Downer, Lady Downer (13 December 1924 – 14 October 2014) was a prominent South Australian patron, wife of federal MP and high commissioner Sir Alexander "Alick" Downer, and mother of Liberal Party leader, Australian Foreign Minister and high commissioner Alexander Downer.
Pick your answer from:
--Yes
--It's impossible to say
--No | It's impossible to say | 8 | Flan2021 | anli/r2:0.1.0 | zs_opt |
Select your answer: Which is this about?
NORTH ATTLEBOROUGH -- By its own modest standards, Massachusetts is experiencing a homebuilding boom. Through the first nine months of 2004, the state issued permits for more than 15,000 units of new housing, up about 10 percent from the same period a year ago. If the current pace continues, Massachusetts would build more housing this year than it has in ...
Pick from:
(A). World
(B). Sports
(C). Business
(D). Science/Tech | (C). | 5 | Flan2021 | ag_news_subset:1.0.0 | zs_opt |
Single/multi-choice problem: Which of the following solutions is better for the following goal:
To tighten a screw
Options are:
1). Take a screw driver and put it on the screw head and turn the screw..
2). Use a screw driver to turn the screw head clockwise. | 2). | 6 | Flan2021 | piqa:1.0.0 | zs_opt |
Mais à Mesnil, cette année, la rénovation de la place va décider de ce que sera le village de demain...
Could you please translate this to English? | But this year in Mésnil, the renovation of the square will determine what the village will be tomorrow. | 2 | Flan2021 | wmt14_translate/fr-en:1.0.0 | zs_opt |
Larry always wanted to feel stronger. He noticed that several students at school were lifting weights. Larry decided to lift weights as well. He started with light weights, but gradually tried heavier ones.
Write the next sentence, by choosing from:
(1). Eventually Larry got stronger.; (2). Larry was ashamed of what he had done.; | (1). | 3 | Flan2021 | story_cloze/2016:1.0.0 | zs_opt |
Write a short summary for this text: peace is the crying need of the angolan people , holden roberto , president of the national liberation front of angola , said here today .
Summary: | peace is people 's crying need says angola oppositon leader | 0 | Flan2021 | gigaword:1.2.0 | zs_opt |
Answer this question:
who holds the record for most rebounds in an nba career?? | Wilt Chamberlain | 3 | Flan2021 | natural_questions_open:1.0.0 | zs_opt |
Write down the solution for this math problem: Solve -12*z - 26 = 10 for z. | -3 | 4 | Flan2021 | math_dataset/algebra__linear_1d:1.0.0 | zs_opt |
Choose your answer?
Skyler is selecting the kind of paper he wants to use to make a greeting card. He wants to select paper that does not tear easily. Which of the following features of the paper is most important for Skyler to consider?
Pick your answer from:
(1). color
(2). size
(3). smoothness
(4). thickness | (4). | 4 | Flan2021 | ai2_arc/ARC-Challenge:1.0.0 | zs_opt |
Objective: How to cook bacon
Which of the following solutions is more sound in terms of naive physics reasoning?
Select from: -- Put bacon on a baking sheet with aluminum foil and bake at 400 F for about 20 minutes.. -- Put bacon on the stove with aluminum foil and bake at 400 F for about 20 minutes.. | Put bacon on a baking sheet with aluminum foil and bake at 400 F for about 20 minutes. | 3 | Flan2021 | piqa:1.0.0 | zs_opt |
What is the sentiment of the following movie (choose your answer from the options) review sentence?
's now , more than ever , choosing his roles with the precision of the insurance actuary
Pick your answer from:
a). negative;
b). positive;
The answer is: | b). | 5 | Flan2021 | glue/sst2:2.0.0 | zs_opt |
On to the Twentieth Century: The British extended their control over the peninsula by putting together the whole panoply of colonial administration — civil service, public works, judiciary force, police force, post office, education, and land regulation — with teams of British administrators, teachers, engineers, and doctors to go with it. At the same time, the tin industry, dominated by Chinese using labor-intensive methods in the 19th century, passed increasingly into Western hands, who employed the modern technology of gravel pumps and mining dredges. Petroleum had been found in northern Borneo, at Miri, and in Brunei, and the Anglo-Dutch Shell company used Singapore as its regional depot for its oil supplies and exports. But the major breakthrough for the Malay economy was the triumph of rubber, when Singapore's new garden director, Henry Ridle ("Rubber Ridley" to his friends, "Mad Ridley" to all doubting Thomases) had developed new planting and tapping methods and painstakingly spread his faith in rubber around the peninsula. World demand increased with the growth of the motor-car and electrical industries, and sky-rocketed during World War I. By 1920, Malaya was producing 53 percent of the world's rubber, which had overtaken tin as its main source of income. The Malay ruling class again took a back seat. Together with effective control of the rubber and tin industries, the British now firmly held the reins of government. The sultans were left in charge of local and religious affairs, content with their prestige, prosperity, and security. The census of 1931 served as an alarm signal for the Malay national consciousness. Bolstered by a new influx of immigrants to meet the rubber and tin booms of the 1920s, non-Malays now slightly outnumbered the indigenous population. The Great Depression of 1929 stepped up ethnic competition in the shrinking job market, and nationalism developed to safeguard Malay interests against the Chinese and Indians rather than the British imperial authority. Though hampered by the peninsula's division into the States and the Straits Settlements, relatively conservative Muslim intellectuals and community leaders came together at the Pan-Malayan Malay Congress in Kuala Lumpur in 1939. In Singapore the following year, they were joined by representatives from Sarawak and Brunei. Teachers and journalists urged the revival of the common Malay-Indonesian consciousness, split by the Anglo-Dutch dismemberment of the region in the 19th century. This spirit became a factor in the gathering clouds of war.
What question would one ask from this paragraph? | Who was joined by representatives from Sarawak and Brunei in Singapore? | 9 | Flan2021 | super_glue/multirc:1.0.2 | zs_opt |
Here is some data: Addis Ababa IS_PART_OF Addis Ababa Stadium; Addis Ababa City Hall COUNTRY Ethiopia; Addis Ababa City Hall LOCATION Addis Ababa; Ethiopia LANGUAGE Amharic.
Write a sentence that describes this data: | Addis Ababa Stadium, named for its city location, is located in Amharic-speaking Ethiopia. | 3 | Flan2021 | gem/dart:1.1.0 | zs_opt |
See context followed by options. Is "Mark" the same as "him" in this sentence?
Mark heard Steve 's feet going down the ladder. The door of the shop closed after *him* . He ran to look out the window.
Pick your answer from: I. no. II. yes. | I. | 8 | Flan2021 | super_glue/wsc.fixed:1.0.2 | zs_opt |
Tweet: @toosweet4rnr ... happy bday!!! ye with no voice
Predict the sentiment of this tweet.
Options:
I. negative.
II. positive. | II. | 3 | Flan2021 | sentiment140:1.0.0 | zs_opt |
Because sulfur cannot be decomposed by simple chemical methods into two or more different substances, it is classified as
Options: (a). an element.. (b). a compound.. (c). a mixture.. (d). a molecule..The answer is: | (a). | 1 | Flan2021 | unified_qa_science_inst | zs_opt |
News article: Surge in Adoptions Raises Concern in Ethiopia
It is no wonder, given these advantages, that Ethiopia, a country more often associated by Americans with drought, famine and conflict, has become a hot spot for international adoption. Even before the actress Angelina Jolie put adoption in Ethiopia on the cover of People magazine in 2005, the number of adoptions there by Americans was growing. The total is still small — 732 children in 2006, out of a total of 20,632 foreign adoptions, but it is a steep increase, up from 82 children adopted in 1997.
Ethiopia now ranks 5th among countries for adoption by Americans, up from 16th in 2000. In the same period, the number of American agencies licensed to operate there has skyrocketed from one to 22.
The increasing interest in Ethiopia comes at a time when the leading countries for international adoption, China, Guatemala and Russia, are, respectively, tightening eligibility requirements, under scrutiny for adoption corruption and closing borders to American agencies.
Ethiopia’s sudden popularity also comes with risks, say government officials there and in America.
“I don’t think we’ll be able to handle it,” said Haddush Halefom, an official at the Ministry of Women’s Affairs, which oversees adoption. “We don’t have the capacity to handle all these new agencies, and we have to monitor the quality, not just the quantity.”
Capping the number of agencies is one solution. And that is what some international adoption officials in the United States are now urging the Ethiopian government to do.
Of concern is the ability of agencies to handle the rising demand, which may have contributed to a recent mix-up involving two families sent home with the wrong children by Christian World Adoption, an established agency, although relatively new to Ethiopia. That case prompted inquiries by the State Department and the nonprofit Joint Council on International Children’s Services in Virginia, a child welfare and advocacy organization, and the adoption agency itself, said Thomas DiFilipo, president of the joint council.
Officials at Christian World Adoption did not reply to e-mail messages or telephone calls. But Mr. DiFilipo said the agency was reviewing its procedures and has hired immigration lawyers to resolve the mix-up.
The consensus, Mr. DiFilipo said, is that the mix-up was “an honest mistake.” But, he added, “This could be the byproduct of a staff handling 35 placements when they’re used to handling 20.”
Children’s Home Society & Family Services, founded in 1889, began working in Ethiopia in 2004. The agency completed about 300 adoptions in its first three years in Ethiopia, and expects to complete that many in 2007 alone. Along with Wide Horizons For Children in Waltham, Mass., the society is credited with helping Ethiopia create a model for international adoption.
Ethiopia, with a population of 76 million, has an estimated 5 million children who have lost one or both parents, according to aid organizations. Many African nations have outlawed or impeded the adoption of their children by foreigners. Ethiopia has welcomed American and European families who are willing to provide homes for children who have lost both parents to AIDS, malaria, tuberculosis or starvation, or who come from families too destitute to feed and clothe them. (The adoption process includes routine screening for HIV infection.)
Two elements distinguish Ethiopia’s adoption system, according to dozens of experts. One is the existence of transitional homes for orphans, in the countryside and in the capital, with services and staffing that are rare in the developing world — paid for by American agencies.
Not long ago, Sandra Iverson, a nurse practitioner from the University of Minnesota’s international adoption health clinic, the first of its kind in the United States, was invited to visit the Children’s Home Society’s Ethiopian centers.
She arrived with a neonatal otoscope, to diagnose ear infections; the Red Book, the bible of pediatrics; and scarce antibiotics. She left confident that Ethiopia’s orphans enjoyed unusual care.
“You don’t hear crying babies,” Ms. Iverson said. “They are picked up immediately.”
The other signature of the Ethiopian system is that adopting families are encouraged to meet birth families and visit the villages where the children were raised, a cutting-edge practice in adoptions. Some agencies provide DVDs or photographs that document the children’s past.
Russ and Ann Couwenhoven, in Ham Lake, Minn., recently showed one such video to 6-year-old Tariku, one of three children they have adopted from Ethiopia. The boy seemed proud of the beautifully painted house he had lived in, they said, and the uncle who had sheltered him for as long as he could.
Linda Zwicky brought 2-year-old Amale home five days before the Memorial Day weekend, with a letter from the child’s grandmother that described holding the motherless infant at her breast even though she had no milk.
Sometimes such vividness is too much. Melanie Danke and her husband, Kirk Frauenheim, of Minneapolis, adopted 6-year-old twins and a 3-year-old, all siblings. One of the twins “would work herself up until she was inconsolable” looking at photos of the aunt and grandmother who raised her, Ms. Danke said. So she has tucked the photos away for now.
David Pilgrim, vice president of adoption services at the Children’s Home Society, said the agency spends $2 million a year on its Ethiopian facilities.
At the main transitional home, on the outskirts of Addis Ababa, a staff of 170 care for about 120 children, ensuring that the children have consistent contact with adults, which experts say mitigates the most damaging psychological effects of institutionalization.
During a reporter’s recent visit, the two terra-cotta buildings where the children live, usually for no more than a few months, were spotless, with staff members scurrying to pick up toys and food spills as they hit the floor.
The transitional home has a primary school, open also to local students, where the children begin learning English. There is a medical clinic with two full-time doctors and 10 nurses. Down the road is a guest house for adoptive parents, who also can stay in a sleek hotel.
The children also enjoy the services of a “laugh therapist,” Belachu Girma. “These kids come here and are very depressed at first, all with their heads down and not talking,” Mr. Girma said. “I come in and try to help them relax.”
There was laughter also at the nearby guest house, more of the nervous kind, as American parents waited to take their children back to St. Paul from the Horn of Africa.
Araminta Montague, from Atlanta, who picked up 17-month-old Natan last week, compared her experience in Ethiopia to an earlier adoption of a girl from China (where Americans adopted 6,493 children in 2006).
“Our daughter was in an orphanage with about 300 children and she was very dehydrated,” Ms. Montague said. “We were never told her origins. Her sheet just said ‘Status: Abandoned.’ ”
Some parents anguished, as did Karla Suomala of Decorah, Iowa, when she arrived in Addis Ababa to adopt 5-year-old Dawit and his 21-month-old sister Meheret.
“It’s hard to know what the right thing is to do,” Ms. Suomala said. “Should we just give all the money we’re spending on this to the children’s mother?” Ms. Suomala and her husband, David Vasquez, had already spent time with her.
“It was obvious the birth mother loved her children,” Mr. Vasquez said. “She said to us, ‘Thank you for sharing my burden.’ ”
Alessandro Conticini, the head of child protection at Unicef Ethiopia, is one of many who believe that international adoption is a good thing but must be “part of a larger strategy” that focuses on keeping children in their families or communities, with the help of humanitarian organizations.
Indeed, the Ethiopian government has taken the unusual step of requiring foreign agencies to provide social services and document the results. As a result, agencies like Children’s Home Society and Wide Horizons have built schools and medical facilities — including one for HIV-infected children.
But Mr. Conticini, of Unicef, worries about the mushrooming number of private adoption companies that “are not properly regulated by the government” because two different ministries are involved and working at cross purposes.
At the State Department, visa applications for children adopted from Ethiopia are getting extra attention, said Catherine M. Barry, deputy assistant secretary for overseas citizens services. “We will very quickly see if patterns are emerging,” she said, “and we will intervene in a timely fashion with anyone doing less than quality work.”
While the governments collaborate to protect a delicate adoption system from the perils of growth, adoptive families arrive each week in Addis Ababa to ease their children into new lives.
Last week, these included Mr. Vasquez and Ms. Suomala. While she had no trouble escorting Meheret from the orphanage, Dawit refused to budge, so Mr. Vasquez carried him toward the gate.
There, the child grabbed the bars and would not let go. Mr. Vasquez considered prying his hands loose and thought better of it. Instead he told Dawit that it was O.K. to cry.
Jane Gross reported from St. Paul, and Will Connors from Addis Ababa.
A version of this article appears in print on , on Page A1 of the New York edition with the headline: Surge in Adoptions Raises Concern in Ethiopia. Order Reprints| Today's Paper|Subscribe
What are the most important parts of this news article? | Ethiopia has become a hot spot for international adoption, but the sudden popularity comes with risks, officials say. | 6 | Flan2021 | newsroom:1.0.0 | zs_opt |
In week 11, the 7-2, NFC North-leading Lions flew to Phoenix to face the NFC West's first place team, the 8-1 Arizona Cardinals. In the first quarter, the Cardinals picked up two touchdowns to open the game. Michael Floyd caught a pair of touchdown passes from Drew Stanton, from 42 yards and 12 yards out, giving them an early lead they never relinquished. Detroit's Matt Prater hit a pair of field goals, first a 50-yard kick in the first quarter then a 28-yarder late in the second quarter, to cut the lead to 14-6 at halftime. Neither team scored in the second half. The Lions, plagued by several penalties on both sides of the ball, saw their four-game winning streak snapped.
How many more points were scored in the first half than the second? | 20 | 2 | Flan2021 | drop:2.0.0 | zs_opt |
Select the correct sentiment of the following review: I can barely find the words to express how utterly utterly awful this film is. I was sold on the promise of action, with Segal and stealth aircraft, which normally make for an entertaining action movie. I can honestly say I'd rather gouge my eyes out with a cocktail stick than have to see this film again. The acting was so awful that it was almost funny. The story was insanely weak, with plot holes so cavernously wide you could fly an F117 through them. The script was so poor, if I found out that a 10 year old wrote it I shouldn't be in the least surprised. The direction and production is so amateur, I wouldn't even hire these people to shoot my worst enemies wedding video. Utter Utter drivel. Those responsible for making this movie have cheapened the art, and they should be ashamed of themselves. Steven Segal should never ever show his face in public again, I can't imagine what made him agree to star in this, the worst film I have seen in my entire life.
Possible answers: [+] negative. [+] positive. | negative | 5 | Flan2021 | imdb_reviews/plain_text:1.0.0 | zs_opt |
Answer the question...who dies in what's eating gilbert grape?? | Bonnie | 5 | Flan2021 | natural_questions_open:1.0.0 | zs_opt |
Translate to Czech:
Master Wong is here! - Master Wong?
Czech: | Wong Fei-Hung je tady! | 4 | Flan2021 | wmt16_translate/cs-en:1.0.0 | zs_opt |
(1) On July 10 , 2013 it was announced that Cote De Pablo would not be returning to her role as Ziva David for the upcoming 11th season .
(2) On 10 July 2013 , it was announced that Cote De Pablo would not return to her role as Ziva David for the upcoming 11th season .
Do these two sentences mean the same thing?
+no. +yes. | yes | 3 | Flan2021 | paws_wiki:1.1.0 | zs_opt |
Quantum Hoops is a 2007 documentary film directed by Rick Greenwald, that follows the California Institute of Technology's basketball team—the Caltech Beavers—in their attempts to end a 21-year losing streak during the final week of the 2006 basketball season.
Can we infer the following?
Quantum Hoops is a 2017 fiction directed by Anna White, that follows the New York Academy of Art's volley team in their attempts to end a 34-year winning streak during the final week of the 2016 season.
Available options:
- Yes
- It's impossible to say
- No
The answer is: | No | 4 | Flan2021 | anli/r1:0.1.0 | zs_opt |
Rule of law implies that every citizen is subject to the law, including law makers themselves. In this sense, it stands in contrast to an autocracy, dictatorship, or oligarchy where the rulers are held above the law. Lack of the rule of law can be found in both democracies and dictatorships, for example because of neglect or ignorance of the law, and the rule of law is more apt to decay if a government has insufficient corrective mechanisms for restoring it. Government based upon the rule of law is called nomocracy.
Is there an answer to this question (If it cannot be answered, say "unanswerable"): What causes rule of law to decay in a dictatorship? | unanswerable | 9 | Flan2021 | squad/v2.0:3.0.0 | zs_opt |
Produce a long descriptive sentence that uses all these words: The Punter eatType coffee shop; The Punter food Fast food; The Punter familyFriendly yes; The Punter near Café Sicilia | A coffee shop called The Punter, near Café Sicilia, is family friendly and has average Fast food. | 7 | Flan2021 | gem/dart:1.1.0 | zs_opt |
When a tadpole grows, its gills change into lungs. What does it now need to survive?
Pick the answer from these options
Choose your answer from:
(a). Air;
(b). Water;
(c). Soil;
(d). Fins; | (a). | 6 | Flan2021 | ai2_arc/ARC-Challenge:1.0.0 | zs_opt |
Cedric Kahn's films have been character-based, rather than action-based (I'm thinking of L'Ennui and Feux rouges) so it is jarring to see this series of really expert car chases interspersed with some plodding attempts to give character to Succo. I don't find Stefano Cassetti to be an interesting actor; he reminds me of pro athletes who are coaxed into movies, like Bret Favre. That blank stare looks like a really vicious deer caught in the headlights. A real actor would have forced us to reflect more on Succo's personality, rather than admiring his skill at carjacking.
The little acting there is comes mainly from Isild le Besco as the needy schoolgirl Succo takes by storm. The interview at the police office is a marvel of bland obstinacy with a little fear of the future blended in. Le Besco apart, there is little to recommend this film.
Choose your answer. What is the sentiment of this review?
Options: a). negative; b). positive; | a). | 0 | Flan2021 | imdb_reviews/plain_text:1.0.0 | zs_opt |
The bodies of some of the dead, pulled out from under the train, were laid out beside the tracks while emergency services brought in wooden coffins.
Generate a new sentence that is, on a scale from 0 to 5, a (D). in textual similarity to the above sentence. | The bodies of many of the dead, pulled from under the partially derailed train, were laid out by the tracks awaiting identification. | 8 | Flan2021 | glue/stsb:2.0.0 | zs_opt |
Here is some data: Zizzi eatType pub; Zizzi food Fast food; Zizzi customer rating 3 out of 5; Zizzi familyFriendly yes.
Write a sentence that describes this data: | A 3 out of 5 rated kid friendly Fast food pub is called Zizzi | 3 | Flan2021 | gem/dart:1.1.0 | zs_opt |
This question has options. Select from options: Read this fact: "a Punnett square is used to identify the percent chance of a trait being passed down from a parent to its offspring"
Now answer this question: "To identify the percent chance of a trait being passed down we need at least"
OPTIONS: (a). one box; (b). two boxes; (c). three boxes; (d). four boxes; | (d). | 1 | Flan2021 | openbookqa:0.1.0 | zs_opt |
This House would hold a referendum on any new EU treaty
What is a possible side to this debate? | Reform treaties are too important to be left to politicians of the day. | 3 | Flan2021 | opinion_abstracts_idebate | zs_opt |
The panels picture the towers standing tall and outline their history , including their construction , the 1993 bombing and their ultimate destruction on Sept . 11 , 2001 .
The panels outline the twin towers ' history , including their construction , the 1993 bombing and their ultimate destruction by terrorists on Sept . 11 , 2001 .
Are these two sentences paraphrases of each other?
Available options: (A). no. (B). yes. | (B). | 6 | Flan2021 | glue/mrpc:2.0.0 | zs_opt |
Continue the following story.
Christine followed a carnivorous diet but Tanya followed a vegetarian diet.
pick from the following.
[a]. Christine ordered the grilled portabella for their supper..
[b]. Tanya ordered the grilled portabella for their supper.. | [b]. | 7 | Flan2021 | winogrande:1.1.0 | zs_opt |
The magician pulled a rabbit out of his hat.
Choose from:
-- The magician;
-- a rabbit;
Who is his referring to? | The magician | 0 | Flan2021 | definite_pronoun_resolution:1.1.0 | zs_opt |
Multi-choice question: Same meaning?
Most of them settled in London , with the largest community in Toronto , followed by those in Hamilton , Ontario and Kingston .
The majority of them were settled in Ontario , with the largest community in Toronto , followed by those in Hamilton , London and Kingston .
Choices:
(A). no.
(B). yes. | (A). | 6 | Flan2021 | paws_wiki:1.1.0 | zs_opt |
Summarize the following movie reviews:
1. A powerfully bleak family drama that leaves its characters' offenses largely offscreen but lingers with agonizing, drawn-out deliberation on the consequences.
2. It is accomplished, but overdetermined. Its dramatic force can't its equal its visual impact, resulting in a clear indication of where Ceylan's strengths as a director lie.
3. It's certainly worth catching.
4. Those willing to think for themselves, not in a rush for the dénouement and appreciate cinematographic narrative techniques will surely savour nearly every frame of director/co-writer Nuri Bilge Ceylan's ... exceptionally crafted tale of crime, corruption
5. Patience will be required to appreciate this brilliant, gorgeously visual film.
6. Three Monkeys, could be reduced to a simple moral - never do a dodgy politician a favour - though its layering of ironies and wrong turnings render it more subtly disturbing than that précis might suggest.
7. This is a fascinating transitional film from an intriguing director at the top of his game.
8. A grim, slow-burning exploration of guilt, grief and murder that keeps the audience at arm's length through its cold, intermittently misanthropic, vision of humanity but which is filled with ravishing images and a powerfully brooding atmosphere.
9. This is a fascinating film that, once seen, is hard to dislodge from your imagination.
10. A subtly persuasive drama steeped in a strangely beautiful pallor, thanks to superb HD cinematography.
Summary: | Exploring the effects of a family's dealings with an underhanded politician, this crime drama avoids showing the violent outcomes of its characters' misdeeds, resulting in a lingeringly potent film. | 5 | Flan2021 | opinion_abstracts_rotten_tomatoes | zs_opt |
Sentence: The 14th New Jersey Volunteer Infantry Monument was founded on July 11, 1907 and belongs to the Historic districts of the U.S.
What structured data could we extract from this sentence? | 14th New Jersey Volunteer Infantry Monument, category, Historic districts in the United States; 14th New Jersey Volunteer Infantry Monument, established, "1907-07-11" | 9 | Flan2021 | gem/web_nlg_en:1.1.0 | zs_opt |
Write a title:
LONDON (CBS.MW) -- The dollar dropped sharply against the yen on Wednesday in Tokyo after the release of Bank of Japan #39;s tankan survey.
Title: | Euro, pound see slight rise on greenback | 8 | Flan2021 | ag_news_subset:1.0.0 | zs_opt |
Which human organ system exchanges gases with the environment?
Available choices: [-] endocrine; [-] circulatory; [-] respiratory; [-] integumentary;
| respiratory | 5 | Flan2021 | unified_qa_science_inst | zs_opt |
Article: The highest temperature recorded within city limits was 104 °F (40 °C), on June 2, 1985, and June 24, 1944, and the lowest was 7 °F (−14 °C) on February 14, 1899, although at the airport, where official records are kept, the historical range is 105 °F (41 °C) on August 1, 1999 down to 6 °F (−14 °C) on January 21, 1985. Hurricanes are a major threat to the area during the summer and early fall, with several severe hurricanes hitting the area – most notably Hurricane Hugo on September 21, 1989 (a category 4 storm). Dewpoint in the summer ranges from 67.8 to 71.4 °F (20 to 22 °C).
Question: What type of storm is a major threat to Charleston in the summer and early fall? | Hurricanes | 5 | Flan2021 | squad/v1.1:3.0.0 | zs_opt |
Read the text and determine if the sentence is true (see options at the end):
Chlorophyll (also chlorophyl) is any of several closely related green pigments found in cyanobacteria and the chloroplasts of algae and plants. Its name is derived from the Greek words χλωρός, "chloros" ("green") and φύλλον, "phyllon" ("leaf"). Chlorophyll is essential in photosynthesis, allowing plants to absorb energy from light.
Sentence: Chlorophyll might help might absorb energy from light. The word has a Greek basis and relates to a colour. Green is the colour most commonly associated with it. The sun is necessary for this process.
Choose your answer from: a. Yes; b. It's impossible to say; c. No; | b. | 6 | Flan2021 | anli/r1:0.1.0 | zs_opt |
Generate a sentence, and then tell me the concepts included in that sentence. | Sentence:
a tornado moved past homes in a city .
Concepts:
city
home
move | 9 | Flan2021 | gem/common_gen:1.1.0 | zs_opt |
Translate to French:
BGTD to advise BIOTECanada of the release of revised MDSG so that it can be coordinated with BIOTECanada's communication to members.
| La DPBTG informera BIOTECanada de la date de diffusion de la Politique révisée sur la gestion des présentations de drogues (PGPD) afin qu'elle coïncide avec un message de BIOTECanada à ses membres. | 4 | Flan2021 | wmt14_translate/fr-en:1.0.0 | zs_opt |
Review:
's no denying that burns is a filmmaker with a bright future ahead of him .
Is this movie review sentence negative or positive?
Choose from:
+negative.
+positive.
The answer is: | positive | 0 | Flan2021 | glue/sst2:2.0.0 | zs_opt |
Translate the following sentence to Finnish:
That is why I also voted in favour of the report.
Finnish: | Siksi myös äänestin mietinnön puolesta. | 5 | Flan2021 | wmt16_translate/fi-en:1.0.0 | zs_opt |
Note that this question lists possible answers. Which person is he referring to in the following sentence?
The gardener watered the owner's rose because he paid him for that.
Select from: (A). The gardener. (B). the owner. | (B). | 8 | Flan2021 | definite_pronoun_resolution:1.1.0 | zs_opt |
Ted ho přilepte.
Could you please translate this to English? | Put it on there. | 2 | Flan2021 | wmt16_translate/cs-en:1.0.0 | zs_opt |
Kicked the man the ball.
How would you consider the linguistic integrity of the preceding sentence?
Available choices: (1). unacceptable. (2). acceptable. | (1). | 1 | Flan2021 | glue/cola:2.0.0 | zs_opt |
Translate "The Marc Almond For One Moment lyrics are brought to you by Lyrics-Keeper." to Russian? | Песня Marc Almond For One Moment представлена вам Lyrics-Keeper. Flash-фичу можно использовать в качестве караоке к песне For One Moment, если есть возможность скачать минусовку. | 7 | Flan2021 | wmt16_translate/ru-en:1.0.0 | zs_opt |
Here is a question about this article: The approaching era of jet travel, and a series of midair collisions (most notable was the 1956 Grand Canyon mid-air collision), prompted passage of the Federal Aviation Act of 1958. This legislation gave the CAA's functions to a new independent body, the Federal Aviation Agency. The act transferred air safety regulation from the CAB to the new FAA, and also gave the FAA sole responsibility for a common civil-military system of air navigation and air traffic control. The FAA's first administrator, Elwood R. Quesada, was a former Air Force general and adviser to President Eisenhower.
What is the answer to this question: Who was the FAA's first administrator? | Elwood R. Quesada | 4 | Flan2021 | squad/v1.1:3.0.0 | zs_opt |
News article:
Your Health
Men And Women Use Different Scales To Weigh Moral Dilemmas
i Todd Davidson/Getty Images/Illustration Works Todd Davidson/Getty Images/Illustration Works
You find a time machine and travel to 1920. A young Austrian artist and war veteran named Adolf Hitler is staying in the hotel room next to yours. The doors aren't locked, so you could easily stroll next door and smother him. World War II would never happen.
But Hitler hasn't done anything wrong yet. Is it acceptable to kill him to prevent World War II?
This is one moral dilemma that researchers often use to analyze how people make difficult decisions. Most recently, one group re-analyzed answers from more than 6,000 subjects to compare men's and women's responses. They found that men and women both calculate consequences such as lives lost. But women are more likely to feel conflicted over what to do. Having to commit murder is more likely to push them toward letting Hitler live.
"Women seem to be more likely to have this negative, emotional, gut-level reaction to causing harm to people in the dilemmas, to the one person, whereas men were less likely to express this strong emotional reaction to harm."
"Women seem to be more likely to have this negative, emotional, gut-level reaction to causing harm to people in the dilemmas, to the one person, whereas men were less likely to express this strong emotional reaction to harm," Rebecca Friesdorf, the lead author of the study, tells Shots. A master's student in social psychology at Wilfrid Laurier University in Waterloo, Ontario, Friesdorf analyzed 40 data sets from previous studies. The study was published Friday in the Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin.
Every question in the study had two scenarios, each with slightly different consequences in order to tease out different ways of thinking about the dilemma. Some people are motivated by consequences, weighing costs and benefits to make a decision. Others dwell on the act of killing Hitler, because it defies moral norms. Philosophers would label the first group as utilitarians, and the second group as deontologists. The latter are more likely to let Hitler live.
One hypothetical dilemma replaces Hitler with a man who abducts a child and holds her ransom for a week, because both philosophies would support letting the kidnapper live. Killing him defies the moral norm, so a person motivated by social norms will let him live. And killing him won't save any lives, so a person motivated by consequences would argue that the costs outweigh the benefits, and let him live as well.
Every dilemma is different, which is why the researchers used 10 scenarios. The Hitler example relies heavily on time travel, but Friesdorf worries that people won't respond properly unless they fully accept time travel. If they assume that time travel is impossible, then killing Hitler becomes irrelevant. There's a similar problem with self-interest – whether the person asked is in immediate danger. A person might be more willing to torture a prisoner if he or she is in immediate danger.
Friesdorf says that she finds the "Hard Times" dilemma to be one of the most interesting. It reads:
"You are the head of a poor household in a developing country. Your crops have failed for the second year in a row, and it appears that you have no way to feed your family. Your sons, ages 8 and 10, are too young to go off to the city where there are jobs, but your daughter could fare better.
"You know a man from your village who lives in the city and who makes sexually explicit films featuring girls such as your daughter. In front of your daughter, he tells you that in one year of working in his studio, your daughter could earn enough money to keep your family fed for several growing seasons.
"Is it appropriate for you to employ your daughter in the pornography industry in order to feed your family?"
"Very few people say yes you should do it, even though it will save the rest of the family," says Friesdorf.
She also analyzed a small subset of the data in which each subject reported how difficult it was to choose a course of action. Women tended to find it more difficult to decide, and Friesdorf hypothesizes that this is because they feel more conflict between weighing benefits and harms versus following society's moral rules.
"Women seem to be feeling more equal levels of both emotion and cognition. They seem to be experiencing similar levels of both, so it's more difficult for them to make their choice," she says.
Even though the dilemmas seem far-fetched, Friesdorf says we encounter less dramatic variations of them all the time.
For instance, a manager might need to make an employment decision that would weigh the future of one person against the fate of a group. "If these [gender] differences also hold in that context, then that could have some implications for how women and men are making those decisions," she says. ||||| According to scientists the answer differs depending on your gender, with women less likely to commit murder because they have a stronger aversion to harmful action.
Researchers from the US, Germany and Canada analysed data that asked 6,100 people a range moral questions, including whether they would kill a young Adolf Hitler to stop the Second World War.
While men and women both calculated the consequences of their decision and computed how many lives might be saved, females found it harder to commit murder and were more likely to let Hitler live.
Another scenario imagined a member of a group hiding from soldiers being handed a crying baby. Participants were asked whether they would smother the child to save the group or let it live and be caught.
A hypothetical situation that did not involve murder questioned whether a person would be willing to have their daughter carry out sex work, so they could buy food for the rest of their starving family.
The difference in female and male responses is caused by emotional aversion to killing among women, according to the study published in the Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin.
Rebecca Friesdorf, a graduate student at Wilfrid Laurier University in Canada who co-authored the report, analysed 40 data sets from previous studies to produce her findings.
“Women seem to be more likely to have this negative, emotional, gut-level reaction to causing harm to people in the dilemmas, to the one person, whereas men were less likely to express this strong emotional reaction to harm," she told NPR.
Those who choose short-term harm for long-term gain are termed utilitarians. While individuals who are unable to countenance breaking moral conventions, in order to secure a more favourable future outcome, are called deontologists.
Women were found to be significantly more likely to be deontologists and agonised over their decisions, but men were slightly more likely to be utilitarians and were able to make a choice more quickly.
Deontology, based on Immanuel Kant’s theory of ethics, argues that rules should be followed and actions are more important than the consequences.
Whereas utilitarianism, espoused by philosophers Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill, holds that the moral choice is the one that maximises utility; therefore it would be considered moral to kill one person to save two or more lives. ||||| If a time machine was available, would it be right to kill Adolf Hitler when he was still a young Austrian artist to prevent World War II and save millions of lives? Should a police officer torture an alleged bomber to find hidden explosives that could kill many people at a local cafe? When faced with such dilemmas, men are typically more willing to accept harmful actions for the sake of the greater good than women. For example, women would be less likely to support the killing of a young Hitler or torturing a bombing suspect, even if doing so would ultimately save more lives.
According to new research published by the Society for Personality and Social Psychology, this gender difference in moral decisions is caused by stronger emotional aversion to harmful action among women; the study found no evidence for gender differences in the rational evaluation of the outcomes of harmful actions.
"Women are more likely to have a gut-level negative reaction to causing harm to an individual, while men experience less emotional responses to doing harm," says lead research author Rebecca Friesdorf. The finding runs contrary to the common stereotype that women being more emotional means that they are also less rational, Friesdorf says. The journal article was published online in the Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin on April 3, 2015.
In a large-scale reanalysis of data from 6,100 participants, Friesdorf, a graduate student in social psychology at Wilfrid Laurier University in Canada, teamed with Paul Conway, Ph.D., a postdoctoral fellow in psychology at the University of Cologne, and Bertram Gawronski, Ph.D., a psychology professor at the University of Texas at Austin, to examine gender differences in judgments about moral dilemmas. Participants were asked 20 questions that posed various moral dilemmas, including decisions about murder, torture, lying, abortion, and animal research.
The study examined two contrasting philosophical principles that relate to ethics. In deontology, the morality of an action depends on its consistency with a moral norm. Immanuel Kant, the 18th century philosopher who was the most famous proponent of the theory, once argued that it was always wrong to lie, even if a murderer asked whether his intended victim was inside a house so he could kill him. Conversely, utilitarianism holds that an action is moral if it maximizes utility, or the greatest good for the most people. From a utilitarian view, an action could be ethical in one situation and unethical in another depending on the potential outcome.
Using an advanced statistical procedure to quantify the strength of deontological and utilitarian inclinations, the research team found that women were more likely than men to adhere to deontological principles. However, the researchers found no evidence for gender differences in utilitarian reasoning. The findings suggest that women have a stronger emotional aversion to causing harm than men. However, men and women engage in similar levels of rational thinking about the outcomes of harmful action. The findings are in line with previous research showing that women are more empathetic to the feelings of other people than men, whereas gender differences in cognitive abilities tend to be small or nonexistent, Friesdorf says.
###
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin (PSPB), published monthly, is an official journal of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology (SPSP). SPSP promotes scientific research that explores how people think, behave, feel, and interact. The Society is the largest organization of social and personality psychologists in the world. ||||| Abstract
The principle of deontology states that the morality of an action depends on its consistency with moral norms; the principle of utilitarianism implies that the morality of an action depends on its consequences. Previous research suggests that deontological judgments are shaped by affective processes, whereas utilitarian judgments are guided by cognitive processes. The current research used process dissociation (PD) to independently assess deontological and utilitarian inclinations in women and men. A meta-analytic re-analysis of 40 studies with 6,100 participants indicated that men showed a stronger preference for utilitarian over deontological judgments than women when the two principles implied conflicting decisions (d = 0.52). PD further revealed that women exhibited stronger deontological inclinations than men (d = 0.57), while men exhibited only slightly stronger utilitarian inclinations than women (d = 0.10). The findings suggest that gender differences in moral dilemma judgments are due to differences in affective responses to harm rather than cognitive evaluations of outcomes. |||||
What is a shorter version of the above article? | – If you had a time machine, would you go back and kill Hitler before he could lead the Nazis? Men and women both see the benefits of such an act, but men seem more likely to pull the trigger, the Independent reports. Researchers came to this conclusion by poring over the answers 6,100 people gave to a range of moral questions that involve committing harm for the greater good, including the Hitler question. "Women seem to be more likely to have this negative, emotional, gut-level reaction to causing harm to people ... whereas men were less likely to express this strong emotional reaction to harm," says lead author Rebecca Friesdorf. The study, published in Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, looked at reactions to questions about torture, murder, abortion, lying, and animal research, Eureka Alert reports. For example, if you lived in a poor household in a developing country, and crops were bad for the second straight year, would you let your daughter work in pornography to feed the family? "Very few people say yes you should do it, even though it will save the rest of the family," Friesdorf tells NPR. But in a subset of the data, she found that women struggled more with decisions, likely because they balanced the outcome against the importance of following societal rules. In general, men were more utilitarian (concerned with long-term consequences) while women tended to be deontologists (dwelling on the morality of acts that break societal norms, like killing Hitler). "Women seem to be feeling more equal levels of both emotion and cognition," says Friesdorf, "so it's more difficult for them to make their choice." (Another study finds that morning people are liars at night.) | 5 | Flan2021 | multi_news:1.0.0 | zs_opt |
Translate to Russian:
As the GPU creates images, it needs somewhere to hold information and completed pictures.
Russian: | При создании изображений графическому процессору нужно где-то хранить информацию и сформированные изображения. | 4 | Flan2021 | wmt16_translate/ru-en:1.0.0 | zs_opt |
Here are some keywords about a restaurant:
name = Giraffe, eatType = coffee shop, priceRange = high, customer rating = 3 out of 5, near = The Bakers. Write a sentence that describes the following attributes of a restaurant. | The coffee shop named Giraffe is near The Bakers with a high price range and a customer rating of 3 out of 5. | 3 | Flan2021 | gem/e2e_nlg:1.1.0 | zs_opt |
Write a dialog about anything you want. | Hank: Hey
Kane: Hey what's up
Hank: Peter is interested in the project
Kane: Great!
Hank: I passed along your details to him
Hank: he should call you today or tommorrow
Kane: Awesome! Thanks
Hank: no prob!
Hank: good luck!
Kane: thanks! | 7 | Flan2021 | samsum:1.0.0 | zs_opt |
This question has options. How would someone go about accomplishing this goal?
To make an award winning chili for a chili cook off,
OPTIONS: (A). dig through some old recipe books for a classic recipe and experiment with it.; (B). put a bunch of canned chili in a pot, heat it up and add seasoning salt.; | (A). | 7 | Flan2021 | piqa:1.0.0 | zs_opt |
Do these sentences have the same meaning?
O 'Donnell wrote in her autobiography , " Find Me , " that she was " an abused child . "
In her autobiography , " Find Me , " O 'Donnell wrote , " I was an abused kid .
Available choices:
(1). no;
(2). yes; | (2). | 9 | Flan2021 | glue/mrpc:2.0.0 | zs_opt |
Please ask me a question. | What are the seven seas ? | 9 | Flan2021 | trec:1.0.0 | zs_opt |
What happens next?
How to stop a cough from post nasal drip
Take mucus-thinning medications.
Mucus-thinning medications are also known as expectorant medications. This sort of medication causes the mucus to become thin and move up from your throat and into your mouth (you can then spit it out).
Possible answers: 1. This only hurts for about 10-12 hours so if your pain is severe with an over the counter dose, take these medications as directed by your doctor. The pain can be very painful but if you are able to spit it out, the pain will go away.. 2. It increases the amount of mucus you have, but thins it out so that your body-in particular the ciliated hairs in your throat-have an easier time getting out of your throat. When the mucus is removed, your cough will stop.. 3. These (and their treatment) include fluconazole, prozac, acetone, and several other dietary alternatives that help improve mucus-thinning. These medicines are not regulated by the fda, and so they vary in effectiveness.. 4. Be aware that depending on your situation, something called plabulin, reduces your ability to cough. This negates the pain you feel from this condition by making mucus thicker.. | 2. | 7 | Flan2021 | hellaswag:1.1.0 | zs_opt |
Printer maker Lexmark International Inc. spurted $ 3.95 to $ 63.35 , recouping some of the $ 14.10 it lost Monday .
Other gainers included Lexmark , which rose $ US3.95 to $ US63.35 , recouping some of the $ US14.10 it lost Monday .
Select from the options at the end. Are these sentences conveying the same meaning?
Available options: [-] no; [-] yes; | yes | 4 | Flan2021 | glue/mrpc:2.0.0 | zs_opt |
The 49ers began their season at Qwest Field for an NFC West match against the Seattle Seahawks. In the first quarter, the Niners had the early lead when kicker Joe Nedney made a 23-yard field goal, which was extended in the second quarter when Nedney made another 23-yard field goal. Then, San Francisco failed to maintain it and then fell behind when Seahawks quarterback Matt Hasselbeck got a 1-yard touchdown run, followed by him making a 13-yard touchdown pass to wide receiver Deon Butler. In the third quarter, the 49ers struggled further when quarterback Alex Smith threw an interception to cornerback Marcus Trufant, which was returned 32 yards for a touchdown. This was followed by Hasselbeck's 3-yard touchdown pass to wide receiver Deion Branch. In the fourth quarter, the Niners continued to struggle when kicker Olindo Mare made a 35-yard field goal.
Based on the above article, answer a question. How many total field goal yards did Joe Nedney kick? | 46 | 5 | Flan2021 | drop:2.0.0 | zs_opt |
Please answer this question: what's the tallest building in new zealand? | Sky Tower | 4 | Flan2021 | natural_questions_open:1.0.0 | zs_opt |
Question 1: Which Virgin Mobile smartphones are compatible with the old $25 unlimited data plan?
Question 2: Can I save data if I toggle mobile network from 3G/4G to 2G with 3G/4G data plan?
Options are:
(a). no;
(b). yes;
Are questions 1 and 2 asking the same thing? | (a). | 6 | Flan2021 | glue/qqp:2.0.0 | zs_opt |
Possible tweet sentiments: Choose your answer from: A. negative; B. positive;
Write a tweet that is A.. | @GGGKeri migraines are nooo fun. *passes the codeine* Tylenol w/ codeine is the only thing that helps mine. | 6 | Flan2021 | sentiment140:1.0.0 | zs_opt |
Choose your answer: What is "What are the statistics for drunken drivers in Maryland ?" asking about?
Choose your answer from: (A). description (B). entity (C). abbreviation (D). human (E). numeric (F). location
Answer: | (E). | 4 | Flan2021 | trec:1.0.0 | zs_opt |
Generate a short movie review that has "I." sentiment (Choices:
I. negative.
II. positive.). | rode the zipper | 9 | Flan2021 | glue/sst2:2.0.0 | zs_opt |
Dr.
Could you please translate this to English? | Dr. Saroyan was correct. | 2 | Flan2021 | wmt16_translate/cs-en:1.0.0 | zs_opt |
Rate the similarity of the following two sentences on a scale from 0 to 5, where 0 is "no meaning overlap" and 5 is "means the same thing"?
A man is smelling two pizzas.
A woman is feeding a man.
Select from the following. A. 0; B. 1; C. 2; D. 3; E. 4; F. 5; | A. | 5 | Flan2021 | glue/stsb:2.0.0 | zs_opt |
Read this article and answer this question Following their home win over the Titans, the Patriots flew to Wembley Stadium in London for the year's NFL International Series game against the winless Tampa Bay Buccaneers. Five plays into the game, Buccaneers quarterback Josh Johnson was intercepted by Meriweather, who returned it 39 yards for a touchdown. On the ensuing drive, the Buccaneers advanced to the Patriots' 33-yard line before Meriweather again intercepted a Johnson pass, this time at the Patriots' 15-yard line; he returned this one 31 yards. However, the Patriots could not capitalize on the turnover and went three-and-out. Following a Buccaneers punt, the Patriots began a drive with an end-around to rookie wide receiver Brandon Tate, who was active for his first NFL game after spending the first six weeks of the season on the Physically Unable to Perform list; the run went for 11 yards. Two plays later, Brady connected with Moss on a 37-yard pass, which was followed a few plays later with a 14-yard Welker touchdown reception that gave the Patriots a 14-0 lead. After a penalty on the kickoff, the Buccaneers began their next drive at their own 11-yard line and could not advance one yard before punting; the 43-yard punt was returned by Welker 24 yards. Starting from the Buccaneers' 30-yard line, the Patriots moved to the 11-yard line before Brady was intercepted by safety Tanard Jackson in the end zone early in the second quarter. Following a Buccaneers three-and-out, Brady threw a short pass to Aiken that turned into a 54-yard scoring strike, extending the Patriots lead to 21-0. After another Buccaneers punt, Brady was intercepted by Aqib Talib on a deep pass intended for Brandon Tate; Talib returned it to the Buccaneers' 41-yard line. The 0-6 Buccaneers could not cross midfield though, and were forced into another three-and-out. On a 4th-and-2 from their own 46-yard line, the Patriots attempted a fake punt that was negated by a false start on Mankins; this set up a 26-yard Hanson punt. With less than three minutes remaining in the half, the Buccaneers drove into Patriots territory and then completed two passes to wide receiver Antonio Bryant; the second went for 33 yards and a touchdown, cutting the Patriots' lead to 21-7. The Patriots could not advance the ball on their ensuing drive and punted; two plays later, on the final play of the half, Butler intercepted Johnson at the Patriots' 11-yard line. The Patriots began the second half with a 10-play, 73-yard drive that was capped off with a 35-yard touchdown pass to Watson from Brady. After an exchange of punts, the Buccaneers embarked on a drive that extended into Patriots territory but stalled at the 37-yard line, resulting in a punt. This was followed by two more three-and-outs, before early in the fourth quarter the Patriots completed a 10-play, 89-yard drive with a 1-yard Maroney touchdown run, increasing the Patriots' lead to 35-7. After another Buccaneers punt, the Patriots advanced past midfield before punting after the two-minute warning. On an ensuing 4th-and-7 conversion attempt, Johnson was strip-sacked by Derrick Burgess to set up two Patriots kneeldowns to end the game. The Patriots bettered their record to 5-2 entering their bye week, while the Buccaneers remained winless at 0-7.
Which players caught interceptions from Brady? | Tanard Jackson | 4 | Flan2021 | drop:2.0.0 | zs_opt |
Sentence: "Which did you buy the table supported the book?"
Would a linguist rate this sentence to be acceptable linguistically?
Select from the following.
[i] unacceptable
[ii] acceptable | [i] | 3 | Flan2021 | glue/cola:2.0.0 | zs_opt |
Possible tweet sentiments:
(i). negative
(ii). positive
Write a tweet that is (i).. | apparently I just dreamt that I raced my ass of today, considering Im nowhere to be found in the results | 6 | Flan2021 | sentiment140:1.0.0 | zs_opt |
Choose your answer: Is "The poem is presented as a single, rueful stanza from the point of view of a New York Giants fan seeing the talented Chicago Cubs infield of shortstop Joe Tinker, second baseman Johnny Evers, and first baseman Frank Chance complete a double play." a good answer to the question "Who wrote "Baseball's Sad Lexicon"?"
Choices:
i. yes
ii. no | ii. | 2 | Flan2021 | glue/qnli:2.0.0 | zs_opt |
Premise: The pictures shows a young man putting on his graduation cap and already has his gown on, with an older gentleman to his left and a stone building behind them.
Hypothesis: The young man is standing with another man.
.Multi-select problem: Can we conclude that the hypothesis is true if the premise is true?
pick from the following. --yes --it is not possible to tell --no | yes | 4 | Flan2021 | snli:1.1.0 | zs_opt |
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