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such as a kernel upgrade. For this reason, we recommend that you use a ReplicationController even if your application requires only a single pod. Think of it similarly to a process supervisor, only it supervises multiple pods across multiple nodes instead of individual processes on a single node. A ReplicationControlle...
https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/replicationcontroller.md
main
kubernetes
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{{< feature-state state="beta" for\_k8s\_version="v1.11" >}} Cloud infrastructure technologies let you run Kubernetes on public, private, and hybrid clouds. Kubernetes believes in automated, API-driven infrastructure without tight coupling between components. {{< glossary\_definition term\_id="cloud-controller-manager"...
https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/concepts/architecture/cloud-controller.md
main
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patch - update ### Others {#authorization-miscellaneous} The implementation of the core of the cloud controller manager requires access to create Event objects, and to ensure secure operation, it requires access to create ServiceAccounts. `v1/Event`: - create - patch - update `v1/ServiceAccount`: - create The {{< gloss...
https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/concepts/architecture/cloud-controller.md
main
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This document catalogs the communication paths between the {{< glossary\_tooltip term\_id="kube-apiserver" text="API server" >}} and the Kubernetes {{< glossary\_tooltip text="cluster" term\_id="cluster" length="all" >}}. The intent is to allow users to customize their installation to harden the network configuration s...
https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/concepts/architecture/control-plane-node-communication.md
main
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connections and are therefore neither authenticated nor encrypted. They can be run over a secure HTTPS connection by prefixing `https:` to the node, pod, or service name in the API URL, but they will not validate the certificate provided by the HTTPS endpoint nor provide client credentials. So while the connection will...
https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/concepts/architecture/control-plane-node-communication.md
main
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{{< feature-state feature\_gate\_name="UnknownVersionInteroperabilityProxy" >}} Kubernetes {{< skew currentVersion >}} includes an alpha feature that lets an {{< glossary\_tooltip text="API Server" term\_id="kube-apiserver" >}} proxy resource requests to other \_peer\_ API servers. It also lets clients get a holistic v...
https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/concepts/architecture/mixed-version-proxy.md
main
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the API is turned off on the API server) the API server attempts to send the request to a peer API server that can serve the requested API. It does so by identifying API groups / versions / resources that the local server doesn't recognise, and tries to proxy those requests to a peer API server that is capable of handl...
https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/concepts/architecture/mixed-version-proxy.md
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Kubernetes is designed with self-healing capabilities that help maintain the health and availability of workloads. It automatically replaces failed containers, reschedules workloads when nodes become unavailable, and ensures that the desired state of the system is maintained. ## Self-Healing capabilities {#self-healing...
https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/concepts/architecture/self-healing.md
main
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Kubernetes runs your {{< glossary\_tooltip text="workload" term\_id="workload" >}} by placing containers into Pods to run on \_Nodes\_. A node may be a virtual or physical machine, depending on the cluster. Each node is managed by the {{< glossary\_tooltip text="control plane" term\_id="control-plane" >}} and contains ...
https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/concepts/architecture/nodes.md
main
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for each address family. For example, in a single-stack IPv4 cluster, you set this value to be the IPv4 address that the kubelet should use for the node. See [configure IPv4/IPv6 dual stack](/docs/concepts/services-networking/dual-stack/#configure-ipv4-ipv6-dual-stack) for details of running a dual-stack cluster. If yo...
https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/concepts/architecture/nodes.md
main
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view a Node's status and other details: ```shell kubectl describe node ``` See [Node Status](/docs/reference/node/node-status/) for more details. ## Node heartbeats Heartbeats, sent by Kubernetes nodes, help your cluster determine the availability of each node, and to take action when failures are detected. For nodes t...
https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/concepts/architecture/nodes.md
main
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is some problem with connectivity between the control plane and the nodes, and doesn't perform any evictions. (If there has been an outage and some nodes reappear, the node controller does evict pods from the remaining nodes that are unhealthy or unreachable). The node controller is also responsible for evicting pods r...
https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/concepts/architecture/nodes.md
main
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In robotics and automation, a \_control loop\_ is a non-terminating loop that regulates the state of a system. Here is one example of a control loop: a thermostat in a room. When you set the temperature, that's telling the thermostat about your \*desired state\*. The actual room temperature is the \*current state\*. Th...
https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/concepts/architecture/controller.md
main
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that the controller makes some changes to bring about your desired state, and then reports the current state back to your cluster's API server. Other control loops can observe that reported data and take their own actions. In the thermostat example, if the room is very cold then a different controller might also turn o...
https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/concepts/architecture/controller.md
main
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{{}} This allows the clean up of resources like the following: \* [Terminated pods](/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/pod-lifecycle/#pod-garbage-collection) \* [Completed Jobs](/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/ttlafterfinished/) \* [Objects without owner references](#owners-dependents) \* [Unused containers and contain...
https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/concepts/architecture/garbage-collection.md
main
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the controller deletes the owner object. At this point, the object is no longer visible in the Kubernetes API. During foreground cascading deletion, the only dependents that block owner deletion are those that have the `ownerReference.blockOwnerDeletion=true` field and are in the garbage collection controller cache. Th...
https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/concepts/architecture/garbage-collection.md
main
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have. Disable by setting to less than `0`. \* `MaxContainers`: the maximum number of dead containers the cluster can have. Disable by setting to less than `0`. In addition to these variables, the kubelet garbage collects unidentified and deleted containers, typically starting with the oldest first. `MaxPerPodContainer`...
https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/concepts/architecture/garbage-collection.md
main
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Distributed systems often have a need for \_leases\_, which provide a mechanism to lock shared resources and coordinate activity between members of a set. In Kubernetes, the lease concept is represented by [Lease](/docs/reference/kubernetes-api/cluster-resources/lease-v1/) objects in the `coordination.k8s.io` {{< gloss...
https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/concepts/architecture/leases.md
main
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define a name for the Lease that is obviously linked to the product or component. For example, if you have a component named Example Foo, use a Lease named `example-foo`. If a cluster operator or another end user could deploy multiple instances of a component, select a name prefix and pick a mechanism (such as hash of ...
https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/concepts/architecture/leases.md
main
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On Linux, {{< glossary\_tooltip text="control groups" term\_id="cgroup" >}} constrain resources that are allocated to processes. The {{< glossary\_tooltip text="kubelet" term\_id="kubelet" >}} and the underlying container runtime need to interface with cgroups to enforce [resource management for pods and containers](/d...
https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/concepts/architecture/cgroups.md
main
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example: \* Some third-party monitoring and security agents may depend on the cgroup filesystem. Update these agents to versions that support cgroup v2. \* If you run [cAdvisor](https://github.com/google/cadvisor) as a stand-alone DaemonSet for monitoring pods and containers, update it to v0.43.0 or later. \* If you de...
https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/concepts/architecture/cgroups.md
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A Kubernetes cluster consists of a control plane plus a set of worker machines, called nodes, that run containerized applications. Every cluster needs at least one worker node in order to run Pods. The worker node(s) host the Pods that are the components of the application workload. The control plane manages the worker...
https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/concepts/architecture/_index.md
main
kubernetes
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Route controller: For setting up routes in the underlying cloud infrastructure - Service controller: For creating, updating and deleting cloud provider load balancers --- ## Node components Node components run on every node, maintaining running pods and providing the Kubernetes runtime environment. ### kubelet {{< glos...
https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/concepts/architecture/_index.md
main
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and managing clusters, each with its own method of component layout and management. ### Customization and extensibility Kubernetes architecture allows for significant customization: - Custom schedulers can be deployed to work alongside the default Kubernetes scheduler or to replace it entirely. - API servers can be ext...
https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/concepts/architecture/_index.md
main
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Operators are software extensions to Kubernetes that make use of [custom resources](/docs/concepts/extend-kubernetes/api-extension/custom-resources/) to manage applications and their components. Operators follow Kubernetes principles, notably the [control loop](/docs/concepts/architecture/controller). ## Motivation The...
https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/concepts/extend-kubernetes/operator.md
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and its associated Controller to your cluster. The Controller will normally run outside of the {{< glossary\_tooltip text="control plane" term\_id="control-plane" >}}, much as you would run any containerized application. For example, you can run the controller in your cluster as a Deployment. ## Using an operator {#usi...
https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/concepts/extend-kubernetes/operator.md
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Kubernetes is highly configurable and extensible. As a result, there is rarely a need to fork or submit patches to the Kubernetes project code. This guide describes the options for customizing a Kubernetes cluster. It is aimed at {{< glossary\_tooltip text="cluster operators" term\_id="cluster-operator" >}} who want to...
https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/concepts/extend-kubernetes/_index.md
main
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the webhook call serves as a one-way notification to another system or component. In the Kubernetes ecosystem, even synchronous HTTP callouts are often described as “webhooks”. {{< /note >}} In the webhook model, Kubernetes makes a network request to a remote service. With the alternative \*binary Plugin\* model, Kuber...
https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/concepts/extend-kubernetes/_index.md
main
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about Custom Resources, see the [Custom Resources](/docs/concepts/extend-kubernetes/api-extension/custom-resources/) concept guide. ### API aggregation layer You can use Kubernetes' [API Aggregation Layer](/docs/concepts/extend-kubernetes/api-extension/apiserver-aggregation/) to integrate the Kubernetes API with additi...
https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/concepts/extend-kubernetes/_index.md
main
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since Kubernetes v1.23 (in favour of CSI). FlexVolume plugins allow users to mount volume types that aren't natively supported by Kubernetes. When you run a Pod that relies on FlexVolume storage, the kubelet calls a binary plugin to mount the volume. The archived [FlexVolume](https://git.k8s.io/design-proposals-archive...
https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/concepts/extend-kubernetes/_index.md
main
kubernetes
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Kubernetes (version 1.3 through to the latest {{< skew latestVersion >}}, and likely onwards) lets you use [Container Network Interface](https://github.com/containernetworking/cni) (CNI) plugins for cluster networking. You must use a CNI plugin that is compatible with your cluster and that suits your needs. Different p...
https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/concepts/extend-kubernetes/compute-storage-net/network-plugins.md
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kubernetes
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`kubernetes.io/ingress-bandwidth` and `kubernetes.io/egress-bandwidth` annotations to your Pod. For example: ```yaml apiVersion: v1 kind: Pod metadata: annotations: kubernetes.io/ingress-bandwidth: 1M kubernetes.io/egress-bandwidth: 1M ... ``` ## {{% heading "whatsnext" %}} - Learn more about [Cluster Networking](/docs...
https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/concepts/extend-kubernetes/compute-storage-net/network-plugins.md
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kubernetes
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{{< feature-state for\_k8s\_version="v1.26" state="stable" >}} Kubernetes provides a device plugin framework that you can use to advertise system hardware resources to the {{< glossary\_tooltip term\_id="kubelet" >}}. Instead of customizing the code for Kubernetes itself, vendors can implement a device plugin that you ...
https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/concepts/extend-kubernetes/compute-storage-net/device-plugins.md
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kubernetes
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devices to allocate // from a list of available ones. The resulting preferred allocation is not // guaranteed to be the allocation ultimately performed by the // devicemanager. It is only designed to help the devicemanager make a more // informed allocation decision when possible. rpc GetPreferredAllocation(PreferredAl...
https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/concepts/extend-kubernetes/compute-storage-net/device-plugins.md
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kubernetes
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the Pod was not `Always` or enter the crash loop otherwise. Before Kubernetes v1.31, the way to know whether or not a Pod is associated with the failed device is to use the [PodResources API](#monitoring-device-plugin-resources). {{< feature-state feature\_gate\_name="ResourceHealthStatus" >}} By enabling the feature g...
https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/concepts/extend-kubernetes/compute-storage-net/device-plugins.md
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kubernetes
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} ``` ### `List` gRPC endpoint {#grpc-endpoint-list} The `List` endpoint provides information on resources of running pods, with details such as the id of exclusively allocated CPUs, device id as it was reported by device plugins and id of the NUMA node where these devices are allocated. Also, for NUMA-based machines, ...
https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/concepts/extend-kubernetes/compute-storage-net/device-plugins.md
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kubernetes
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device health changes), client is expected to call `GetAllocatableResources` endpoint. However, calling `GetAllocatableResources` endpoint is not sufficient in case of cpu and/or memory update and Kubelet needs to be restarted to reflect the correct resource capacity and allocatable. {{< /note >}} ```gRPC // Allocatabl...
https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/concepts/extend-kubernetes/compute-storage-net/device-plugins.md
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kubernetes
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allows the Device Plugin to advertise a device that spans multiple NUMA nodes. Setting `TopologyInfo` to `nil` or providing an empty list of NUMA nodes for a given device indicates that the Device Plugin does not have a NUMA affinity preference for that device. An example `TopologyInfo` struct populated for a device by...
https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/concepts/extend-kubernetes/compute-storage-net/device-plugins.md
main
kubernetes
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This section covers extensions to your cluster that do not come as part as Kubernetes itself. You can use these extensions to enhance the nodes in your cluster, or to provide the network fabric that links Pods together. \* [CSI](/docs/concepts/storage/volumes/#csi) and [FlexVolume](/docs/concepts/storage/volumes/#flexv...
https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/concepts/extend-kubernetes/compute-storage-net/_index.md
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kubernetes
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\*Custom resources\* are extensions of the Kubernetes API. This page discusses when to add a custom resource to your Kubernetes cluster and when to use a standalone service. It describes the two methods for adding custom resources and how to choose between them. ## Custom resources A \*resource\* is an endpoint in the ...
https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/concepts/extend-kubernetes/api-extension/custom-resources.md
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kubernetes
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### Declarative APIs In a Declarative API, typically: - Your API consists of a relatively small number of relatively small objects (resources). - The objects define configuration of applications or infrastructure. - The objects are updated relatively infrequently. - Humans often need to read and write the objects. - Th...
https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/concepts/extend-kubernetes/api-extension/custom-resources.md
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subordinate API servers that sit behind the primary API server, which acts as a proxy. This arrangement is called [API Aggregation](/docs/concepts/extend-kubernetes/api-extension/apiserver-aggregation/)(AA). To users, the Kubernetes API appears extended. CRDs allow users to create new types of resources without adding ...
https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/concepts/extend-kubernetes/api-extension/custom-resources.md
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kubernetes
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| No ongoing support once the CRD is created. Any bug fixes are picked up as part of normal Kubernetes Master upgrades. | May need to periodically pickup bug fixes from upstream and rebuild and update the Aggregated API server. | | No need to handle multiple versions of your API; for example, when you control the clien...
https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/concepts/extend-kubernetes/api-extension/custom-resources.md
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| Yes, based on the [OpenAPI v3.0 validation](/docs/tasks/extend-kubernetes/custom-resources/custom-resource-definitions/#validation) schema (GA in 1.16). | Yes | | Instance Name | Does this extension mechanism impose any constraints on the names of objects whose kind/resource is defined this way? | Yes, such an object...
https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/concepts/extend-kubernetes/api-extension/custom-resources.md
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the new resources (except the cluster-admin role or any role created with wildcard rules). You'll need to explicitly grant access to the new resources. CRDs and Aggregated APIs often come bundled with new role definitions for the types they add. Aggregated API servers may or may not use the same authentication, authori...
https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/concepts/extend-kubernetes/api-extension/custom-resources.md
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kubernetes
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The aggregation layer allows Kubernetes to be extended with additional APIs, beyond what is offered by the core Kubernetes APIs. The additional APIs can either be ready-made solutions such as a [metrics server](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/metrics-server), or APIs that you develop yourself. The aggregation layer ...
https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/concepts/extend-kubernetes/api-extension/apiserver-aggregation.md
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kubernetes
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Custom resources are extensions of the Kubernetes API. Kubernetes provides two ways to add custom resources to your cluster: - The [CustomResourceDefinition](/docs/concepts/extend-kubernetes/api-extension/custom-resources/) (CRD) mechanism allows you to declaratively define a new custom API with an API group, kind, and...
https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/concepts/extend-kubernetes/api-extension/_index.md
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kubernetes
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A container image represents binary data that encapsulates an application and all its software dependencies. Container images are executable software bundles that can run standalone and that make very well-defined assumptions about their runtime environment. You typically create a container image of your application an...
https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/concepts/containers/images.md
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kubernetes
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image is pulled only if it is not already present locally. `Always` : every time the kubelet launches a container, the kubelet queries the container image registry to resolve the name to an image [digest](https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/pull/#pull-an-image-by-digest-immutable-identifier). If the ku...
https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/concepts/containers/images.md
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kubernetes
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to a `:latest` tag, the `imagePullPolicy` field will \_not\_ change to `Always`. You must manually change the pull policy of any object after its initial creation. {{< /note >}} #### Required image pull If you would like to always force a pull, you can do one of the following: - Set the `imagePullPolicy` of the contain...
https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/concepts/containers/images.md
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kubernetes
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of parallel image pulls, you can set the field `maxParallelImagePulls` in the kubelet configuration. With `maxParallelImagePulls` set to \_n\_, only \_n\_ images can be pulled at the same time, and any image pull beyond \_n\_ will have to wait until at least one ongoing image pull is complete. Limiting the number of pa...
https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/concepts/containers/images.md
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kubernetes
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pulls {#kubelet-credential-provider} You can configure the kubelet to invoke a plugin binary to dynamically fetch registry credentials for a container image. This is the most robust and versatile way to fetch credentials for private registries, but also requires kubelet-level configuration to enable. This technique can...
https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/concepts/containers/images.md
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kubernetes
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Kubernetes will validate image credentials for every image that requires credentials to be pulled, even if that image is already present on the node. This validation ensures that images in a Pod request which have not been successfully pulled with the provided credentials must re-pull the images from the registry. Addi...
https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/concepts/containers/images.md
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kubernetes
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time per namespace. {{< /note >}} #### Referring to `imagePullSecrets` on a Pod Now, you can create pods which reference that secret by adding the `imagePullSecrets` section to a Pod definition. Each item in the `imagePullSecrets` array can only reference one Secret in the same namespace. For example: ```shell cat < po...
https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/concepts/containers/images.md
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kubernetes
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[pulling an Image from a Private Registry](/docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/pull-image-private-registry).
https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/concepts/containers/images.md
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kubernetes
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{{< feature-state for\_k8s\_version="v1.20" state="stable" >}} This page describes the RuntimeClass resource and runtime selection mechanism. RuntimeClass is a feature for selecting the container runtime configuration. The container runtime configuration is used to run a Pod's containers. ## Motivation You can set a di...
https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/concepts/containers/runtime-class.md
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kubernetes
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table](https://github.com/cri-o/cri-o/blob/master/docs/crio.conf.5.md#crioruntime-table): ``` [crio.runtime.runtimes.${HANDLER\_NAME}] runtime\_path = "${PATH\_TO\_BINARY}" ``` See CRI-O's [config documentation](https://github.com/cri-o/cri-o/blob/master/docs/crio.conf.5.md) for more details. ## Scheduling {{< feature-...
https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/concepts/containers/runtime-class.md
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kubernetes
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This page describes the resources available to Containers in the Container environment. ## Container environment The Kubernetes Container environment provides several important resources to Containers: \* A filesystem, which is a combination of an [image](/docs/concepts/containers/images/) and one or more [volumes](/do...
https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/concepts/containers/container-environment.md
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kubernetes
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This page describes how kubelet managed Containers can use the Container lifecycle hook framework to run code triggered by events during their management lifecycle. ## Overview Analogous to many programming language frameworks that have component lifecycle hooks, such as Angular, Kubernetes provides Containers with lif...
https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/concepts/containers/container-lifecycle-hooks.md
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kubernetes
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its execution before the TERM signal can be sent. If a `PreStop` hook hangs during execution, the Pod's phase will be `Terminating` and remain there until the Pod is killed after its `terminationGracePeriodSeconds` expires. This grace period applies to the total time it takes for both the `PreStop` hook to execute and ...
https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/concepts/containers/container-lifecycle-hooks.md
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kubernetes
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This page will discuss containers and container images, as well as their use in operations and solution development. The word \_container\_ is an overloaded term. Whenever you use the word, check whether your audience uses the same definition. Each container that you run is repeatable; the standardization from having d...
https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/concepts/containers/_index.md
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kubernetes
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The CRI is a plugin interface which enables the kubelet to use a wide variety of container runtimes, without having a need to recompile the cluster components. You need a working {{}} on each Node in your cluster, so that the {{< glossary\_tooltip text="kubelet" term\_id="kubelet" >}} can launch {{< glossary\_tooltip t...
https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/concepts/containers/cri.md
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kubernetes
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Windows applications constitute a large portion of the services and applications that run in many organizations. [Windows containers](https://aka.ms/windowscontainers) provide a way to encapsulate processes and package dependencies, making it easier to use DevOps practices and follow cloud native patterns for Windows a...
https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/concepts/windows/intro.md
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kubernetes
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a list. For example, `spec.containers[\*].securityContext` refers to the SecurityContext object for all containers. If any of these fields is specified, the Pod will not be admitted by the API server. \* [Workload resources](/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/) including: \* ReplicaSet \* Deployment \* StatefulSet \*...
https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/concepts/windows/intro.md
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kubernetes
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are not available. They require [asserting a user privilege](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/desktop/Memory/large-page-support) that's not configurable for containers. \* `requests.cpu` and `requests.memory` - requests are subtracted from node available resources, so they can be used to avoid overprovisioning ...
https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/concepts/windows/intro.md
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kubernetes
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or “pause” container is first created to host the container. In Linux, the cgroups and namespaces that make up a pod need a process to maintain their continued existence; the pause process provides this. Containers that belong to the same pod, including infrastructure and worker containers, share a common network endpo...
https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/concepts/windows/intro.md
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kubernetes
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container images are typically larger than Linux container images, with container image sizes ranging from [300MB to over 10GB](https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/containers/nano-server-x-server-core-x-server-which-base-image-is-the-right/ba-p/2835785) for a single image. Additionally, take note that the `C:` drive...
https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/concepts/windows/intro.md
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kubernetes
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This page provides a walkthrough for some steps you can follow to run Windows containers using Kubernetes. The page also highlights some Windows specific functionality within Kubernetes. It is important to note that creating and deploying services and workloads on Kubernetes behaves in much the same way for Linux and W...
https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/concepts/windows/user-guide.md
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kubernetes
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to access the IP of services scheduled on them due to current platform limitations of the Windows networking stack. Only Windows pods are able to access service IPs. {{< /note >}} ## Observability ### Capturing logs from workloads Logs are an important element of observability; they enable users to gain insights into t...
https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/concepts/windows/user-guide.md
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kubernetes
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the following default labels: \* kubernetes.io/os = [windows|linux] \* kubernetes.io/arch = [amd64|arm64|...] If a Pod specification does not specify a `nodeSelector` such as `"kubernetes.io/os": windows`, it is possible the Pod can be scheduled on any host, Windows or Linux. This can be problematic since a Windows con...
https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/concepts/windows/user-guide.md
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kubernetes
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Kubernetes supports worker {{< glossary\_tooltip text="nodes" term\_id="node" >}} running either Linux or Microsoft Windows. {{% thirdparty-content single="true" %}} The CNCF and its parent the Linux Foundation take a vendor-neutral approach towards compatibility. It is possible to join your [Windows server](https://ww...
https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/concepts/windows/_index.md
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kubernetes
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The core of Kubernetes' {{< glossary\_tooltip text="control plane" term\_id="control-plane" >}} is the {{< glossary\_tooltip text="API server" term\_id="kube-apiserver" >}}. The API server exposes an HTTP API that lets end users, different parts of your cluster, and external components communicate with one another. The...
https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/concepts/overview/kubernetes-api.md
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kubernetes
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root endpoints publishing discovery information for downstream documents. A list of all group versions supported by a cluster is published at the `/api` and `/apis` endpoints. Example: ``` { "kind": "APIGroupList", "apiVersion": "v1", "groups": [ { "name": "apiregistration.k8s.io", "versions": [ { "groupVersion": "apir...
https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/concepts/overview/kubernetes-api.md
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kubernetes
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v2.0 and v3.0; there are no plans to support 3.1 in the near future. ### Protobuf serialization Kubernetes implements an alternative Protobuf based serialization format that is primarily intended for intra-cluster communication. For more information about this format, see the [Kubernetes Protobuf serialization](https:/...
https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/concepts/overview/kubernetes-api.md
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kubernetes
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the API did change in incompatible ways that require deleting all existing alpha objects prior to upgrade. {{< /note >}} Refer to [API versions reference](/docs/reference/using-api/#api-versioning) for more details on the API version level definitions. ## API Extension The Kubernetes API can be extended in one of two w...
https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/concepts/overview/kubernetes-api.md
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kubernetes
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{{< glossary\_definition prepend="Kubernetes provides a" term\_id="kubectl" length="short" >}} The `kubectl` tool communicates with your cluster through the [Kubernetes API](/docs/concepts/overview/kubernetes-api/). For configuration, `kubectl` looks for a file named `config` in the `$HOME/.kube` directory. You can spe...
https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/concepts/overview/kubectl.md
main
kubernetes
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skew policy](/releases/version-skew-policy/) for details. ## {{% heading "whatsnext" %}} \* Read the [kubectl reference](/docs/reference/kubectl/) for syntax and command details. \* [Install kubectl](/docs/tasks/tools/#kubectl) on your machine. \* Learn about [The Kubernetes API](/docs/concepts/overview/kubernetes-api/...
https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/concepts/overview/kubectl.md
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kubernetes
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This page provides a high-level overview of the essential components that make up a Kubernetes cluster. {{< figure src="/images/docs/components-of-kubernetes.svg" alt="Components of Kubernetes" caption="The components of a Kubernetes cluster" class="diagram-large" clicktozoom="true" >}} ## Core Components A Kubernetes ...
https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/concepts/overview/components.md
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kubernetes
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This page is an overview of Kubernetes. The name Kubernetes originates from Greek, meaning helmsman or pilot. K8s as an abbreviation results from counting the eight letters between the "K" and the "s". Google open sourced the Kubernetes project in 2014. Kubernetes combines [over 15 years of Google's experience](/blog/2...
https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/concepts/overview/_index.md
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kubernetes
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solutions. However, Kubernetes is not monolithic, and these default solutions are optional and pluggable. Kubernetes provides the building blocks for building developer platforms, but preserves user choice and flexibility where it is important. Kubernetes: \* Does not limit the types of applications supported. Kubernet...
https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/concepts/overview/_index.md
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kubernetes
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system, on top of the virtualized hardware. \*\*Container deployment era:\*\* Containers are similar to VMs, but they have relaxed isolation properties to share the Operating System (OS) among the applications. Therefore, containers are considered lightweight. Similar to a VM, a container has its own filesystem, share ...
https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/concepts/overview/_index.md
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kubernetes
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Each {{< glossary\_tooltip text="object" term\_id="object" >}} in your cluster has a [\_Name\_](#names) that is unique for that type of resource. Every Kubernetes object also has a [\_UID\_](#uids) that is unique across your whole cluster. For example, you can only have one Pod named `myapp-1234` within the same [names...
https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/concepts/overview/working-with-objects/names.md
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kubernetes
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example manifest for a Pod named `nginx-demo`. ```yaml apiVersion: v1 kind: Pod metadata: name: nginx-demo spec: containers: - name: nginx image: nginx:1.14.2 ports: - containerPort: 80 ``` {{< note >}} Some resource types have additional restrictions on their names. {{< /note >}} ## UIDs {{< glossary\_definition term\...
https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/concepts/overview/working-with-objects/names.md
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kubernetes
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\_Field selectors\_ let you select Kubernetes {{< glossary\_tooltip text="objects" term\_id="object" >}} based on the value of one or more resource fields. Here are some examples of field selector queries: \* `metadata.name=my-service` \* `metadata.namespace!=default` \* `status.phase=Pending` This `kubectl` command se...
https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/concepts/overview/working-with-objects/field-selectors.md
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kubernetes
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{{}} You can use finalizers to control {{}} of {{< glossary\_tooltip text="objects" term\_id="object" >}} by alerting {{}} to perform specific cleanup tasks before deleting the target resource. Finalizers don't usually specify the code to execute. Instead, they are typically lists of keys on a specific resource similar...
https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/concepts/overview/working-with-objects/finalizers.md
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kubernetes
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when it identifies owner references on a resource targeted for deletion. In some situations, finalizers can block the deletion of dependent objects, which can cause the targeted owner object to remain for longer than expected without being fully deleted. In these situations, you should check finalizers and owner refere...
https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/concepts/overview/working-with-objects/finalizers.md
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kubernetes
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In Kubernetes, \_namespaces\_ provide a mechanism for isolating groups of resources within a single cluster. Names of resources need to be unique within a namespace, but not across namespaces. Namespace-based scoping is applicable only for namespaced {{< glossary\_tooltip text="objects" term\_id="object" >}} \_(e.g. De...
https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/concepts/overview/working-with-objects/namespaces.md
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kubernetes
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name (FQDN). As a result, all namespace names must be valid [RFC 1123 DNS labels](/docs/concepts/overview/working-with-objects/names/#dns-label-names). {{< warning >}} By creating namespaces with the same name as [public top-level domains](https://data.iana.org/TLD/tlds-alpha-by-domain.txt), Services in these namespace...
https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/concepts/overview/working-with-objects/namespaces.md
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kubernetes
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You can visualize and manage Kubernetes objects with more tools than kubectl and the dashboard. A common set of labels allows tools to work interoperably, describing objects in a common manner that all tools can understand. In addition to supporting tooling, the recommended labels describe applications in a way that ca...
https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/concepts/overview/working-with-objects/common-labels.md
main
kubernetes
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(MySQL), installed using Helm. The following snippets illustrate the start of objects used to deploy this application. The start to the following `Deployment` is used for WordPress: ```yaml apiVersion: apps/v1 kind: Deployment metadata: labels: app.kubernetes.io/name: wordpress app.kubernetes.io/instance: wordpress-abc...
https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/concepts/overview/working-with-objects/common-labels.md
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kubernetes
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You can use Kubernetes annotations to attach arbitrary non-identifying metadata to {{< glossary\_tooltip text="objects" term\_id="object" >}}. Clients such as tools and libraries can retrieve this metadata. ## Attaching metadata to objects You can use either labels or annotations to attach metadata to Kubernetes object...
https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/concepts/overview/working-with-objects/annotations.md
main
kubernetes
[ -0.006756477989256382, 0.045857224613428116, 0.013848424889147282, -0.022461572661995888, -0.008189006708562374, 0.029751881957054138, 0.07730364799499512, -0.0753697082400322, 0.13309602439403534, -0.02053752914071083, -0.0025814794935286045, -0.11261309683322906, 0.004375010263174772, 0....
0.112435
Find [Well-known labels, Annotations and Taints](/docs/reference/labels-annotations-taints/)
https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/concepts/overview/working-with-objects/annotations.md
main
kubernetes
[ -0.06401459872722626, 0.09448464959859848, -0.04286994785070419, -0.02517830953001976, 0.1039147600531578, 0.02687561884522438, 0.08653929829597473, -0.0017374868039041758, -0.02553298883140087, -0.06376281380653381, 0.04242639243602753, -0.06142240762710571, -0.008445549756288528, 0.03185...
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The Kubernetes API server stores objects, relying on an etcd-compatible backing store (often, the backing storage is etcd itself). Each object is serialized using a particular version of that API type; for example, the v1 representation of a ConfigMap. Kubernetes uses the term \_storage version\_ to describe how an obj...
https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/concepts/overview/working-with-objects/storage-version.md
main
kubernetes
[ -0.006431501358747482, 0.024308321997523308, 0.07792013138532639, -0.0024186770897358656, 0.002846126677468419, 0.026236526668071747, -0.11414798349142075, -0.059154536575078964, 0.12773361802101135, 0.02271955832839012, -0.05001455917954445, 0.011906955391168594, -0.016305070370435715, -0...
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can be enabled/disabled by Served flag. served: true # One and only one version must be marked as the storage version. storage: true schema: openAPIV3Schema: type: object properties: host: type: string port: type: string - name: v1 served: true storage: false schema: openAPIV3Schema: type: object properties: host: type...
https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/concepts/overview/working-with-objects/storage-version.md
main
kubernetes
[ -0.03510341793298721, 0.027394646778702736, -0.06726405024528503, 0.0031595511827617884, -0.040879249572753906, 0.020345043390989304, -0.042797017842531204, 0.0003838068514596671, -0.041644852608442307, -0.021850906312465668, -0.005240259226411581, -0.04711518436670303, -0.014899416826665401...
0.020963
cannot be fully removed from use until then. See [storage version migration](/docs/tasks/manage-kubernetes-objects/storage-version-migration) on examples of how to run a migration to ensure that all objects are using a newer storage version without manual intervention.
https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/concepts/overview/working-with-objects/storage-version.md
main
kubernetes
[ 0.05140936002135277, 0.03994149714708328, 0.06461203098297119, 0.0004476002650335431, 0.046328600496053696, -0.015655992552638054, -0.029659602791070938, -0.10096679627895355, 0.08440268039703369, 0.05307416245341301, 0.03139335662126541, 0.03382684662938118, -0.025423193350434303, -0.0049...
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In Kubernetes, some {{< glossary\_tooltip text="objects" term\_id="object" >}} are \*owners\* of other objects. For example, a {{}} is the owner of a set of Pods. These owned objects are \*dependents\* of their owner. Ownership is different from the [labels and selectors](/docs/concepts/overview/working-with-objects/la...
https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/concepts/overview/working-with-objects/owners-dependents.md
main
kubernetes
[ -0.0546484999358654, 0.004578219726681709, 0.03703732043504715, -0.021746864542365074, -0.03305232152342796, -0.01921715773642063, 0.14452511072158813, -0.05407773330807686, 0.114188052713871, 0.008189331740140915, -0.009813888929784298, -0.051969774067401886, 0.005175423342734575, -0.0186...
0.160527
owner resource when you use either [foreground or orphan cascading deletion](/docs/concepts/architecture/garbage-collection/#cascading-deletion). In foreground deletion, it adds the `foreground` finalizer so that the controller must delete dependent resources that also have `ownerReferences.blockOwnerDeletion=true` bef...
https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/concepts/overview/working-with-objects/owners-dependents.md
main
kubernetes
[ -0.006229155231267214, 0.03472292795777321, 0.06700710207223892, -0.039151426404714584, 0.023539632558822632, -0.01994284614920616, 0.04728114604949951, -0.043260060250759125, 0.13979029655456543, 0.055495355278253555, 0.021589038893580437, -0.01898442953824997, -0.012893497943878174, 0.01...
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\_Labels\_ are key/value pairs that are attached to {{< glossary\_tooltip text="objects" term\_id="object" >}} such as Pods. Labels are intended to be used to specify identifying attributes of objects that are meaningful and relevant to users, but do not directly imply semantics to the core system. Labels can be used t...
https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/concepts/overview/working-with-objects/labels.md
main
kubernetes
[ -0.06672941148281097, 0.022383248433470726, -0.026091597974300385, -0.015382708981633186, -0.020019611343741417, -0.010203051380813122, 0.1078929677605629, -0.03400538116693497, 0.07521628588438034, -0.04293834790587425, 0.028366971760988235, -0.050479788333177567, 0.025701718404889107, -0...
0.175292
can be made of multiple \_requirements\_ which are comma-separated. In the case of multiple requirements, all must be satisfied so the comma separator acts as a logical \_AND\_ (`&&`) operator. The semantics of empty or non-specified selectors are dependent on the context, and API types that use selectors should docume...
https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/concepts/overview/working-with-objects/labels.md
main
kubernetes
[ -0.07026134431362152, 0.05942947044968605, 0.01054964866489172, -0.03668795898556709, 0.06149661913514137, 0.03909987583756447, 0.04824821278452873, -0.05142226815223694, -0.004897462669759989, -0.026692437008023262, -0.0032153138890862465, -0.15874901413917542, 0.07765915244817734, 0.0075...
0.081878
query string): \* \_equality-based\_ requirements: `?labelSelector=environment%3Dproduction,tier%3Dfrontend` \* \_set-based\_ requirements: `?labelSelector=environment+in+%28production%2Cqa%29%2Ctier+in+%28frontend%29` Both label selector styles can be used to list or watch resources via a REST client. For example, tar...
https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/concepts/overview/working-with-objects/labels.md
main
kubernetes
[ 0.01451246626675129, 0.07867942750453949, 0.00028033702983520925, 0.0013421919429674745, -0.05168766900897026, 0.007948269136250019, 0.06614839285612106, 0.01819491945207119, 0.011459899134933949, -0.03161140903830528, -0.03491264209151268, -0.18828438222408295, 0.043726131319999695, -0.06...
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