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this example you can use SSH to install the profiles, but other approaches are discussed in [Setting up nodes with profiles](#setting-up-nodes-with-profiles). ```shell # This example assumes that node names match host names, and are reachable via SSH. NODES=($( kubectl get node -o jsonpath='{.items[\*].status.addresses... | https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/tutorials/security/apparmor.md | main | kubernetes | [
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Use the documentation version selector to view the documentation with this deprecated API. {{< /caution >}} ### AppArmor profile within security context {#appArmorProfile} You can specify the `appArmorProfile` on either a container's `securityContext` or on a Pod's `securityContext`. If the profile is set at the pod le... | https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/tutorials/security/apparmor.md | main | kubernetes | [
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{{% alert title="Note" %}} This tutorial applies only for new clusters. {{% /alert %}} Pod Security is an admission controller that carries out checks against the Kubernetes [Pod Security Standards](/docs/concepts/security/pod-security-standards/) when new pods are created. It is a feature GA'ed in v1.25. This tutorial... | https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/tutorials/security/cluster-level-pss.md | main | kubernetes | [
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hostPath volumes, allowPrivilegeEscalation != false, unrestricted capabilities, restricted volume types, runAsNonRoot != true Warning: kindnet-vzj42: non-default capabilities, host namespaces, hostPath volumes, allowPrivilegeEscalation != false, unrestricted capabilities, restricted volume types, runAsNonRoot != true, ... | https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/tutorials/security/cluster-level-pss.md | main | kubernetes | [
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now use your cluster with: kubectl cluster-info --context kind-psa-with-cluster-pss Have a question, bug, or feature request? Let us know! https://kind.sigs.k8s.io/#community 🙂 ``` 1. Point kubectl to the cluster: ```shell kubectl cluster-info --context kind-psa-with-cluster-pss ``` The output is similar to this: ``` ... | https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/tutorials/security/cluster-level-pss.md | main | kubernetes | [
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{{< feature-state for\_k8s\_version="v1.19" state="stable" >}} Seccomp stands for secure computing mode and has been a feature of the Linux kernel since version 2.6.12. It can be used to sandbox the privileges of a process, restricting the calls it is able to make from userspace into the kernel. Kubernetes lets you aut... | https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/tutorials/security/seccomp.md | main | kubernetes | [
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file named `kind.yaml`: ```shell curl -L -O https://k8s.io/examples/pods/security/seccomp/kind.yaml ``` You can set a specific Kubernetes version by setting the node's container image. See [Nodes](https://kind.sigs.k8s.io/docs/user/configuration/#nodes) within the kind documentation about configuration for more details... | https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/tutorials/security/seccomp.md | main | kubernetes | [
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the endpoint from inside the kind control plane container. ```shell kubectl expose pod audit-pod --type NodePort --port 5678 ``` Check what port the Service has been assigned on the node. ```shell kubectl get service audit-pod ``` The output is similar to: ``` NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE audit-pod Node... | https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/tutorials/security/seccomp.md | main | kubernetes | [
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pod violation-pod ``` ``` NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE violation-pod 0/1 CrashLoopBackOff 1 6s ``` As seen in the previous example, the `http-echo` process requires quite a few syscalls. Here seccomp has been instructed to error on any syscall by setting `"defaultAction": "SCMP\_ACT\_ERRNO"`. This is extremely secure... | https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/tutorials/security/seccomp.md | main | kubernetes | [
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CRI-O and containerd. {{< note >}} Enabling the feature will neither change the Kubernetes `securityContext.seccompProfile` API field nor add the deprecated annotations of the workload. This provides users the possibility to rollback anytime without actually changing the workload configuration. Tools like [`crictl insp... | https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/tutorials/security/seccomp.md | main | kubernetes | [
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{{% alert title="Note" %}} This tutorial applies only for new clusters. {{% /alert %}} Pod Security Admission is an admission controller that applies [Pod Security Standards](/docs/concepts/security/pod-security-standards/) when pods are created. It is a feature GA'ed in v1.25. In this tutorial, you will enforce the `b... | https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/tutorials/security/ns-level-pss.md | main | kubernetes | [
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Create kind cluster 2. Create new namespace 3. Apply `baseline` Pod Security Standard in `enforce` mode while applying `restricted` Pod Security Standard also in `warn` and `audit` mode. 4. Create a new pod with the following pod security standards applied - [Pod Security Admission](/docs/concepts/security/pod-security... | https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/tutorials/security/ns-level-pss.md | main | kubernetes | [
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This page provides an example of how to provision and configure swap memory on a Kubernetes node using kubeadm. ## {{% heading "objectives" %}} \* Provision swap memory on a Kubernetes node using kubeadm. \* Learn to configure both encrypted and unencrypted swap. \* Learn to enable swap on boot. ## {{% heading "prerequ... | https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/tutorials/cluster-management/provision-swap-memory.md | main | kubernetes | [
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In order for these configurations to take effect, kubelet needs to be restarted. Typically you do that by running: ```shell systemctl restart kubelet.service ``` You should find that the kubelet is now healthy, and that you can run Pods that use swap memory as needed. | https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/tutorials/cluster-management/provision-swap-memory.md | main | kubernetes | [
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Kubernetes {{< glossary\_tooltip text="namespaces" term\_id="namespace" >}} help different projects, teams, or customers to share a Kubernetes cluster. It does this by providing the following: 1. A scope for [Names](/docs/concepts/overview/working-with-objects/names/). 2. A mechanism to attach authorization and policy ... | https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/tutorials/cluster-management/namespaces-walkthrough.md | main | kubernetes | [
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context for the kubectl client to work in each namespace. The value of "cluster" and "user" fields are copied from the current context. ```shell kubectl config set-context dev --namespace=development \ --cluster=lithe-cocoa-92103\_kubernetes \ --user=lithe-cocoa-92103\_kubernetes kubectl config set-context prod --names... | https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/tutorials/cluster-management/namespaces-walkthrough.md | main | kubernetes | [
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This tutorial shows you how to run a standalone kubelet instance. You may have different motivations for running a standalone kubelet. This tutorial is aimed at introducing you to Kubernetes, even if you don't have much experience with it. You can follow this tutorial and learn about node setup, basic (static) Pods, an... | https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/tutorials/cluster-management/kubelet-standalone.md | main | kubernetes | [
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``` Detailed service check: ```shell sudo journalctl -f -u crio.service ``` ### Install network plugins The `cri-o` installer installs and configures the `cni-plugins` package. You can verify the installation running the following command: ```shell /opt/cni/bin/bridge --version ``` The output is similar to: ``` CNI bri... | https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/tutorials/cluster-management/kubelet-standalone.md | main | kubernetes | [
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systemctl disable --now crio.service sudo systemctl daemon-reload sudo rm -rf /usr/local/bin sudo rm -rf /usr/local/lib sudo rm -rf /usr/local/share sudo rm -rf /usr/libexec/crio sudo rm -rf /etc/crio sudo rm -rf /etc/containers ``` ### Network Plugins ```shell sudo rm -rf /opt/cni sudo rm -rf /etc/cni sudo rm -rf /var... | https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/tutorials/cluster-management/kubelet-standalone.md | main | kubernetes | [
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{{< feature-state feature\_gate\_name="DynamicResourceAllocation" >}} This tutorial shows you how to install {{< glossary\_tooltip term\_id="dra" text="Dynamic Resource Allocation (DRA)" >}} drivers in your cluster and how to use them in conjunction with the DRA APIs to allocate {{< glossary\_tooltip text="devices" ter... | https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/tutorials/cluster-management/install-use-dra.md | main | kubernetes | [
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a Helm chart, a set of manifests, or other deployment tooling. This tutorial uses an example driver which can be found in the [kubernetes-sigs/dra-example-driver](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/dra-example-driver) repository to demonstrate driver installation. This example driver advertises simulated GPUs to Kubern... | https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/tutorials/cluster-management/install-use-dra.md | main | kubernetes | [
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successfully installed the example DRA driver, and confirmed its initial configuration. You're now ready to use DRA to schedule Pods. ## Claim resources and deploy a Pod {#claim-resources-pod} To request resources using DRA, you create ResourceClaims or ResourceClaimTemplates that define the resources that your Pods ne... | https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/tutorials/cluster-management/install-use-dra.md | main | kubernetes | [
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`some-gpu` ResourceClaim. The `status` stanza of the ResourceClaim has information about the allocated device and the Pod it has been reserved for: ```shell kubectl get resourceclaim some-gpu -n dra-tutorial -o yaml ``` The output is similar to this: {{< highlight yaml "linenos=inline, hl\_lines=27-30 38-41, style=emac... | https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/tutorials/cluster-management/install-use-dra.md | main | kubernetes | [
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## {{% heading "objectives" %}} This tutorial provides a walkthrough of the basics of the Kubernetes cluster orchestration system. Each module contains some background information on major Kubernetes features and concepts, and a tutorial for you to follow along. Using the tutorials, you can learn to: \* Deploy a contai... | https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/tutorials/kubernetes-basics/_index.md | main | kubernetes | [
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## {{% heading "objectives" %}} \* Scale an existing app manually using kubectl. ## {{% heading "prerequisites" %}} The shell commands in this tutorial use POSIX shell syntax, which is supported by the default shells on most Linux and macOS systems (for example, bash, zsh, or sh). Windows users must use a POSIX-compati... | https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/tutorials/kubernetes-basics/scale/scale-intro.md | main | kubernetes | [
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the desired state. \* \_AVAILABLE\_ displays how many replicas of the application are available to your users. \* \_AGE\_ displays the amount of time that the application has been running. To see the ReplicaSet created by the Deployment, run: ```shell kubectl get rs ``` Notice that the name of the ReplicaSet is always ... | https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/tutorials/kubernetes-basics/scale/scale-intro.md | main | kubernetes | [
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[Performing a Rolling Update](/docs/tutorials/kubernetes-basics/update/update-intro/). \* Learn more about [ReplicaSet](/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/replicaset/). \* Learn more about [Autoscaling](/docs/concepts/workloads/autoscaling/). | https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/tutorials/kubernetes-basics/scale/scale-intro.md | main | kubernetes | [
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... | 0.183863 |
## {{% heading "objectives" %}} Perform a rolling update using kubectl. ## {{% heading "prerequisites" %}} The shell commands in this tutorial use POSIX shell syntax, which is supported by the default shells on most Linux and macOS systems (for example, bash, zsh, or sh). Windows users must use a POSIX-compatible shell... | https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/tutorials/kubernetes-basics/update/update-intro.md | main | kubernetes | [
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check that the service is running, as you might have deleted it in previous tutorial step, run `describe services/kubernetes-bootcamp`. If it's missing, you can create it again with: ```shell kubectl expose deployment/kubernetes-bootcamp --type="NodePort" --port 8080 ``` Create an environment variable called `NODE\_POR... | https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/tutorials/kubernetes-basics/update/update-intro.md | main | kubernetes | [
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## {{% heading "objectives" %}} \* Learn what a Kubernetes cluster is. \* Learn what Minikube is. \* Start a Kubernetes cluster on your computer. ## {{% heading "prerequisites" %}} The shell commands in this tutorial use POSIX shell syntax, which is supported by the default shells on most Linux and macOS systems (for e... | https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/tutorials/kubernetes-basics/create-cluster/cluster-intro.md | main | kubernetes | [
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is available for Linux, macOS, and Windows systems. The Minikube CLI provides basic bootstrapping operations for working with your cluster, including start, stop, status, and delete. ## {{% heading "whatsnext" %}} \* Tutorial [Hello Minikube](/docs/tutorials/hello-minikube/). \* Learn more about [Cluster Architecture](... | https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/tutorials/kubernetes-basics/create-cluster/cluster-intro.md | main | kubernetes | [
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## {{% heading "objectives" %}} \* Learn about Kubernetes Pods. \* Learn about Kubernetes Nodes. \* Troubleshoot deployed applications. ## {{% heading "prerequisites" %}} The shell commands in this tutorial use POSIX shell syntax, which is supported by the default shells on most Linux and macOS systems (for example, ba... | https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/tutorials/kubernetes-basics/explore/explore-intro.md | main | kubernetes | [
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information about deployed applications and their environments. The most common operations can be done with the following kubectl subcommands: \* `kubectl get` - list resources \* `kubectl describe` - show detailed information about a resource \* `kubectl logs` - print the logs from a container in a pod \* `kubectl exe... | https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/tutorials/kubernetes-basics/explore/explore-intro.md | main | kubernetes | [
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run our NodeJS application. The source code of the app is in the `server.js` file: ```shell cat server.js ``` You can check that the application is up by running a curl command: ```shell curl http://localhost:8080 ``` {{< note >}} Here we used `localhost` because we executed the command inside the NodeJS Pod. If you ca... | https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/tutorials/kubernetes-basics/explore/explore-intro.md | main | kubernetes | [
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## {{% heading "objectives" %}} \* Learn about a Service in Kubernetes. \* Understand how labels and selectors relate to a Service. \* Expose an application outside a Kubernetes cluster. ## {{% heading "prerequisites" %}} The shell commands in this tutorial use POSIX shell syntax, which is supported by the default shel... | https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/tutorials/kubernetes-basics/expose/expose-intro.md | main | kubernetes | [
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without `selector` will also not create the corresponding Endpoints object. This allows users to manually map a Service to specific endpoints. Another possibility why there may be no selector is you are strictly using `type: ExternalName`. ## Services and Labels A Service routes traffic across a set of Pods. Services a... | https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/tutorials/kubernetes-basics/expose/expose-intro.md | main | kubernetes | [
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label to query our list of Pods. We’ll use the `kubectl get pods` command with `-l` as a parameter, followed by the label values: ```shell kubectl get pods -l app=kubernetes-bootcamp ``` You can do the same to list the existing Services: ```shell kubectl get services -l app=kubernetes-bootcamp ``` Get the name of the P... | https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/tutorials/kubernetes-basics/expose/expose-intro.md | main | kubernetes | [
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## {{% heading "objectives" %}} \* Learn about application Deployments. \* Deploy your first app on Kubernetes with kubectl. ## {{% heading "prerequisites" %}} The shell commands in this tutorial use POSIX shell syntax, which is supported by the default shells on most Linux and macOS systems (for example, bash, zsh, or... | https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/tutorials/kubernetes-basics/deploy-app/deploy-intro.md | main | kubernetes | [
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command is: `kubectl action resource`. This performs the specified \_action\_ (like `create`, `describe` or `delete`) on the specified \_resource\_ (like `node` or `deployment`. You can use `--help` after the subcommand to get additional info about possible parameters (for example: `kubectl get nodes --help`). Check th... | https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/tutorials/kubernetes-basics/deploy-app/deploy-intro.md | main | kubernetes | [
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``` In order for the new Deployment to be accessible without using the proxy, a Service is required which will be explained in [Module 4](/docs/tutorials/kubernetes-basics/expose/). ## {{% heading "whatsnext" %}} \* Tutorial [Viewing Pods and Nodes](/docs/tutorials/kubernetes-basics/explore/explore-intro/). \* Learn mo... | https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/tutorials/kubernetes-basics/deploy-app/deploy-intro.md | main | kubernetes | [
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This tutorial provides an introduction to managing applications with {{< glossary\_tooltip text="StatefulSets" term\_id="statefulset" >}}. It demonstrates how to create, delete, scale, and update the Pods of StatefulSets. ## {{% heading "prerequisites" %}} Before you begin this tutorial, you should familiarize yourself... | https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/tutorials/stateful-application/basic-stateful-set.md | main | kubernetes | [
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# Do not start a new watch; # this should already be running kubectl get pods --watch -l app=nginx ``` ``` NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE web-0 0/1 Pending 0 0s web-0 0/1 Pending 0 0s web-0 0/1 ContainerCreating 0 0s web-0 1/1 Running 0 19s web-1 0/1 Pending 0 0s web-1 0/1 Pending 0 0s web-1 0/1 ContainerCreating 0 0s ... | https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/tutorials/stateful-application/basic-stateful-set.md | main | kubernetes | [
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exec` and `kubectl run` to view the Pods' hostnames and in-cluster DNS entries. First, view the Pods' hostnames: ```shell for i in 0 1; do kubectl exec web-$i -- sh -c 'hostname'; done ``` ``` web-0 web-1 ``` then, run: ```shell kubectl run -i --tty --image busybox:1.28 dns-test --restart=Never --rm ``` which starts a ... | https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/tutorials/stateful-application/basic-stateful-set.md | main | kubernetes | [
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when using hostPath volumes](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/issues/2630)), by running: `for i in 0 1; do kubectl exec web-$i -- chmod 755 /usr/share/nginx/html; done` before retrying the `curl` command above. {{< /note >}} In one terminal, watch the StatefulSet's Pods: ```shell # End this watch when you've re... | https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/tutorials/stateful-application/basic-stateful-set.md | main | kubernetes | [
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Running and Ready before launching the subsequent Pod. ### Scaling down Scaling down means reducing the number of replicas. For example, you might do this because the level of traffic to a service has decreased, and at the current scale there are idle resources. In one terminal, watch the StatefulSet's Pods: ```shell #... | https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/tutorials/stateful-application/basic-stateful-set.md | main | kubernetes | [
0.044239796698093414,
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0/1 Terminating 0 8m web-2 0/1 Pending 0 0s web-2 0/1 Pending 0 0s web-2 0/1 ContainerCreating 0 0s web-2 1/1 Running 0 19s web-1 1/1 Terminating 0 8m web-1 0/1 Terminating 0 8m web-1 0/1 Terminating 0 8m web-1 0/1 Terminating 0 8m web-1 0/1 Pending 0 0s web-1 0/1 Pending 0 0s web-1 0/1 ContainerCreating 0 0s web-1 1/1... | https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/tutorials/stateful-application/basic-stateful-set.md | main | kubernetes | [
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web-2 1/1 Running 0 18s ``` Get the Pod's container image: ```shell kubectl get pod web-2 --template '{{range $i, $c := .spec.containers}}{{$c.image}}{{end}}' ``` ``` registry.k8s.io/nginx-slim:0.24 ``` Notice that, even though the update strategy is `RollingUpdate` the StatefulSet restored the Pod with the original co... | https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/tutorials/stateful-application/basic-stateful-set.md | main | kubernetes | [
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output is similar to: ``` NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE web-0 1/1 Running 0 3m web-1 0/1 ContainerCreating 0 11s web-2 1/1 Running 0 2m web-1 1/1 Running 0 18s web-0 1/1 Terminating 0 3m web-0 1/1 Terminating 0 3m web-0 0/1 Terminating 0 3m web-0 0/1 Terminating 0 3m web-0 0/1 Terminating 0 3m web-0 0/1 Terminating 0 ... | https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/tutorials/stateful-application/basic-stateful-set.md | main | kubernetes | [
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first terminal. ```shell # This should already be running kubectl get pods --watch -l app=nginx ``` ``` NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE web-1 1/1 Running 0 16m web-2 1/1 Running 0 2m NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE web-0 0/1 Pending 0 0s web-0 0/1 Pending 0 0s web-0 0/1 ContainerCreating 0 0s web-0 1/1 Running 0 18s web-... | https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/tutorials/stateful-application/basic-stateful-set.md | main | kubernetes | [
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to serve their hostnames. Finally, delete the `nginx` Service... ```shell kubectl delete service nginx ``` ``` service "nginx" deleted ``` ...and the `web` StatefulSet: ```shell kubectl delete statefulset web ``` ``` statefulset "web" deleted ``` ## Pod management policy For some distributed systems, the StatefulSet or... | https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/tutorials/stateful-application/basic-stateful-set.md | main | kubernetes | [
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Pods - but you also would not want to wait for each new Pod to launch. Starting the extra Pods in parallel cuts the time between requesting the extra capacity and having it available for use. ## {{% heading "cleanup" %}} You should have two terminals open, ready for you to run `kubectl` commands as part of cleanup. ```... | https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/tutorials/stateful-application/basic-stateful-set.md | main | kubernetes | [
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-... | 0.135913 |
This tutorial shows you how to deploy a WordPress site and a MySQL database using Minikube. Both applications use PersistentVolumes and PersistentVolumeClaims to store data. A [PersistentVolume](/docs/concepts/storage/persistent-volumes/) (PV) is a piece of storage in the cluster that has been manually provisioned by a... | https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/tutorials/stateful-application/mysql-wordpress-persistent-volume.md | main | kubernetes | [
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-0.008... | 0.086031 |
file="application/wordpress/mysql-deployment.yaml" %}} The following manifest describes a single-instance WordPress Deployment. The WordPress container mounts the PersistentVolume at `/var/www/html` for website data files. The `WORDPRESS\_DB\_HOST` environment variable sets the name of the MySQL Service defined above, ... | https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/tutorials/stateful-application/mysql-wordpress-persistent-volume.md | main | kubernetes | [
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This tutorial shows you how to run [Apache Cassandra](https://cassandra.apache.org/) on Kubernetes. Cassandra, a database, needs persistent storage to provide data durability (application \_state\_). In this example, a custom Cassandra seed provider lets the database discover new Cassandra instances as they join the Ca... | https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/tutorials/stateful-application/cassandra.md | main | kubernetes | [
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cassandra-statefulset.yaml ``` ## Validating the Cassandra StatefulSet 1. Get the Cassandra StatefulSet: ```shell kubectl get statefulset cassandra ``` The response should be similar to: ``` NAME DESIRED CURRENT AGE cassandra 3 0 13s ``` The `StatefulSet` resource deploys Pods sequentially. 1. Get the Pods to see the o... | https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/tutorials/stateful-application/cassandra.md | main | kubernetes | [
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includes a standard Cassandra installation from the Apache Debian repo. By using environment variables you can change values that are inserted into `cassandra.yaml`. | Environment variable | Default value | | ------------------------ |:---------------: | | `CASSANDRA\_CLUSTER\_NAME` | `'Test Cluster'` | | `CASSANDRA\_N... | https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/tutorials/stateful-application/cassandra.md | main | kubernetes | [
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This tutorial demonstrates running [Apache Zookeeper](https://zookeeper.apache.org) on Kubernetes using [StatefulSets](/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/statefulset/), [PodDisruptionBudgets](/docs/concepts/workloads/pods/disruptions/#pod-disruption-budget), and [PodAntiAffinity](/docs/concepts/scheduling-eviction/as... | https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/tutorials/stateful-application/zookeeper.md | main | kubernetes | [
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get pods -w -l app=zk ``` Once the `zk-2` Pod is Running and Ready, use `CTRL-C` to terminate kubectl. ``` NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE zk-0 0/1 Pending 0 0s zk-0 0/1 Pending 0 0s zk-0 0/1 ContainerCreating 0 0s zk-0 0/1 Running 0 19s zk-0 1/1 Running 0 40s zk-1 0/1 Pending 0 0s zk-1 0/1 Pending 0 0s zk-1 0/1 Contain... | https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/tutorials/stateful-application/zookeeper.md | main | kubernetes | [
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unique. No two participants in the Zab protocol should claim the same unique identifier. This is necessary to allow the processes in the system to agree on which processes have committed which data. If two Pods are launched with the same ordinal, two ZooKeeper servers would both identify themselves as the same server. ... | https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/tutorials/stateful-application/zookeeper.md | main | kubernetes | [
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9m zk-2 0/1 Terminating 0 9m zk-2 0/1 Terminating 0 9m zk-1 0/1 Terminating 0 10m zk-1 0/1 Terminating 0 10m zk-1 0/1 Terminating 0 10m zk-0 0/1 Terminating 0 11m zk-0 0/1 Terminating 0 11m zk-0 0/1 Terminating 0 11m ``` Reapply the manifest in `zookeeper.yaml`. ```shell kubectl apply -f https://k8s.io/examples/applica... | https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/tutorials/stateful-application/zookeeper.md | main | kubernetes | [
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--election\_port=3888 \ --server\_port=2888 \ --tick\_time=2000 \ --init\_limit=10 \ --sync\_limit=5 \ --heap=512M \ --max\_client\_cnxns=60 \ --snap\_retain\_count=3 \ --purge\_interval=12 \ --max\_session\_timeout=40000 \ --min\_session\_timeout=4000 \ --log\_level=INFO" … ``` The command used to start the ZooKeeper ... | https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/tutorials/stateful-application/zookeeper.md | main | kubernetes | [
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a [sidecar container](/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/logging#sidecar-container-with-logging-agent) to rotate and ship your logs. ### Configuring a non-privileged user The best practices to allow an application to run as a privileged user inside of a container are a matter of debate. If your organization requires... | https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/tutorials/stateful-application/zookeeper.md | main | kubernetes | [
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the new configuration. This ensures that quorum is maintained during a rolling update. Use the `kubectl rollout history` command to view a history or previous configurations. ```shell kubectl rollout history sts/zk ``` The output is similar to this: ``` statefulsets "zk" REVISION 1 2 ``` Use the `kubectl rollout undo` ... | https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/tutorials/stateful-application/zookeeper.md | main | kubernetes | [
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fails, Kubernetes will automatically restart the process for you, ensuring that unhealthy processes in the ensemble are restarted. ```shell kubectl get pod -w -l app=zk ``` ``` NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE zk-0 1/1 Running 0 1h zk-1 1/1 Running 0 1h zk-2 1/1 Running 0 1h NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE zk-0 0/1 Runnin... | https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/tutorials/stateful-application/zookeeper.md | main | kubernetes | [
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using this tutorial on a shared cluster, be sure that this will not adversely affect other tenants. The previous section showed you how to spread your Pods across nodes to survive unplanned node failures, but you also need to plan for temporary node failures that occur due to planned maintenance. Use this command to ge... | https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/tutorials/stateful-application/zookeeper.md | main | kubernetes | [
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0s zk-0 0/1 ContainerCreating 0 0s zk-0 0/1 Running 0 51s zk-0 1/1 Running 0 1m zk-1 1/1 Terminating 0 2h zk-1 0/1 Terminating 0 2h zk-1 0/1 Terminating 0 2h zk-1 0/1 Terminating 0 2h zk-1 0/1 Pending 0 0s zk-1 0/1 Pending 0 0s ``` Continue to watch the Pods of the StatefulSet, and drain the node on which `zk-2` is sch... | https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/tutorials/stateful-application/zookeeper.md | main | kubernetes | [
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express a disruption budget will have that budget respected. You should always allocate additional capacity for critical services so that their Pods can be immediately rescheduled. ## {{% heading "cleanup" %}} - Use `kubectl uncordon` to uncordon all the nodes in your cluster. - You must delete the persistent storage m... | https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/tutorials/stateful-application/zookeeper.md | main | kubernetes | [
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Once you connected your Application with Service following steps like those outlined in [Connecting Applications with Services](/docs/tutorials/services/connect-applications-service/), you have a continuously running, replicated application, that is exposed on a network. This tutorial helps you look at the termination ... | https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/tutorials/services/pods-and-endpoint-termination-flow.md | main | kubernetes | [
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to [Connect Applications with Services](/docs/tutorials/services/connect-applications-service/) \* Learn more about [Using a Service to Access an Application in a Cluster](/docs/tasks/access-application-cluster/service-access-application-cluster/) \* Learn more about [Connecting a Front End to a Back End Using a Servic... | https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/tutorials/services/pods-and-endpoint-termination-flow.md | main | kubernetes | [
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Applications running in a Kubernetes cluster find and communicate with each other, and the outside world, through the Service abstraction. This document explains what happens to the source IP of packets sent to different types of Services, and how you can toggle this behavior according to your needs. ## {{% heading "pr... | https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/tutorials/services/source-ip.md | main | kubernetes | [
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global eth0 valid\_lft forever preferred\_lft forever inet6 fe80::188a:84ff:feb0:26a5/64 scope link valid\_lft forever preferred\_lft forever ``` …then use `wget` to query the local webserver ```shell # Replace "10.0.170.92" with the IPv4 address of the Service named "clusterip" wget -qO - 10.0.170.92 ``` ``` CLIENT VA... | https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/tutorials/services/source-ip.md | main | kubernetes | [
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node without an endpoint, the system proxies it to a node \*with\* an endpoint, replacing the source IP on the packet with the IP of the node (as described in the previous section). You can test this by exposing the source-ip-app through a load balancer: ```shell kubectl expose deployment source-ip-app --name=loadbalan... | https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/tutorials/services/source-ip.md | main | kubernetes | [
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check pointing at the port stored in the `service.spec.healthCheckNodePort` field on the Service. ## {{% heading "cleanup" %}} Delete the Services: ```shell kubectl delete svc -l app=source-ip-app ``` Delete the Deployment, ReplicaSet and Pod: ```shell kubectl delete deployment source-ip-app ``` ## {{% heading "whatsne... | https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/tutorials/services/source-ip.md | main | kubernetes | [
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## The Kubernetes model for connecting containers Now that you have a continuously running, replicated application you can expose it on a network. Kubernetes assumes that pods can communicate with other pods, regardless of which host they land on. Kubernetes gives every pod its own cluster-private IP address, so you do... | https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/tutorials/services/connect-applications-service.md | main | kubernetes | [
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file="service/networking/nginx-svc.yaml" %}} This specification will create a Service which targets TCP port 80 on any Pod with the `run: my-nginx` label, and expose it on an abstracted Service port (`targetPort`: is the port the container accepts traffic on, `port`: is the abstracted Service port, which can be any por... | https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/tutorials/services/connect-applications-service.md | main | kubernetes | [
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kubectl get pods -l run=my-nginx -o wide ``` ``` NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE my-nginx-3800858182-e9ihh 1/1 Running 0 5s 10.244.2.7 kubernetes-minion-ljyd my-nginx-3800858182-j4rm4 1/1 Running 0 5s 10.244.3.8 kubernetes-minion-905m ``` You may notice that the pods have different names, since they are killed a... | https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/tutorials/services/connect-applications-service.md | main | kubernetes | [
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the output from the previous commands to create a yaml file as follows. The base64 encoded value should all be on a single line. ```yaml apiVersion: "v1" kind: "Secret" metadata: name: "nginxsecret" namespace: "default" type: kubernetes.io/tls data: # NOTE: Replace the following values with your own base64-encoded cert... | https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/tutorials/services/connect-applications-service.md | main | kubernetes | [
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the one that is available on the public internet. The `CLUSTER-IP` is only available inside your cluster/private cloud network. Note that on AWS, type `LoadBalancer` creates an ELB, which uses a (long) hostname, not an IP. It's too long to fit in the standard `kubectl get svc` output, in fact, so you'll need to do `kub... | https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/tutorials/services/connect-applications-service.md | main | kubernetes | [
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This tutorial shows you how to build and deploy a simple \_(not production ready)\_, multi-tier web application using Kubernetes and [Docker](https://www.docker.com/). This example consists of the following components: \* A single-instance [Redis](https://www.redis.io/) to store guestbook entries \* Multiple web fronte... | https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/tutorials/stateless-application/guestbook.md | main | kubernetes | [
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0.07782702147960663,
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-0.... | 0.067177 |
10.103.78.24 6379/TCP 6m10s ``` {{< note >}} This manifest file creates a Service named `redis-follower` with a set of labels that match the labels previously defined, so the Service routes network traffic to the Redis Pod. {{< /note >}} ## Set up and Expose the Guestbook Frontend Now that you have the Redis storage of... | https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/tutorials/stateless-application/guestbook.md | main | kubernetes | [
0.014149497263133526,
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-0.... | 0.145234 |
page in your browser to view your guestbook. {{< note >}} Try adding some guestbook entries by typing in a message, and clicking Submit. The message you typed appears in the frontend. This message indicates that data is successfully added to Redis through the Services you created earlier. {{< /note >}} ## Scale the Web... | https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/tutorials/stateless-application/guestbook.md | main | kubernetes | [
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This page shows how to create a Kubernetes Service object that exposes an external IP address. ## {{% heading "prerequisites" %}} \* Install [kubectl](/docs/tasks/tools/). \* Use a cloud provider like Google Kubernetes Engine or Amazon Web Services to create a Kubernetes cluster. This tutorial creates an [external load... | https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/tutorials/stateless-application/expose-external-ip-address.md | main | kubernetes | [
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message: ```console Hello, world! Version: 2.0.0 Hostname: 0bd46b45f32f ``` ## {{% heading "cleanup" %}} To delete the Service, enter this command: ```shell kubectl delete services my-service ``` To delete the Deployment, the ReplicaSet, and the Pods that are running the Hello World application, enter this command: ```... | https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/tutorials/stateless-application/expose-external-ip-address.md | main | kubernetes | [
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0.0411381... | 0.178282 |
This section of the Kubernetes documentation contains references. ## API Reference \* [Glossary](/docs/reference/glossary/) - a comprehensive, standardized list of Kubernetes terminology \* [Kubernetes API Reference](/docs/reference/kubernetes-api/) \* [One-page API Reference for Kubernetes {{< param "version" >}}](/do... | https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/reference/_index.md | main | kubernetes | [
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valid YAML input \* [YAML](https://yaml.org/), available as a `kubectl` output format and also used at the HTTP layer Kubernetes also has a custom [protobuf encoding](/docs/reference/using-api/api-concepts/#protobuf-encoding) that is only used within HTTP messages. The `kubectl` tool supports some other output formats,... | https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/reference/_index.md | main | kubernetes | [
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\*\*KYAML\*\* is a safer and less ambiguous subset of YAML, initially introduced in Kubernetes v1.34 (alpha) and enabled by default in v1.35 (beta). Designed specifically for Kubernetes, KYAML addresses common YAML pitfalls such as whitespace sensitivity and implicit type coercion while maintaining full compatibility w... | https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/reference/encodings/kyaml.md | main | kubernetes | [
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`apiVersion: authorization.k8s.io/v1` `import "k8s.io/api/authorization/v1"` ## SubjectAccessReview {#SubjectAccessReview} SubjectAccessReview checks whether or not a user or group can perform an action. --- - \*\*apiVersion\*\*: authorization.k8s.io/v1 - \*\*kind\*\*: SubjectAccessReview - \*\*metadata\*\* ([}}">Objec... | https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/reference/kubernetes-api/authorization-resources/subject-access-review-v1.md | main | kubernetes | [
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0.... | 0.182329 |
operator is In or NotIn, the values array must be non-empty. If the operator is Exists or DoesNotExist, the values array must be empty. - \*\*resourceAttributes.group\*\* (string) Group is the API Group of the Resource. "\*" means all. - \*\*resourceAttributes.labelSelector\*\* (LabelSelectorAttributes) labelSelector d... | https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/reference/kubernetes-api/authorization-resources/subject-access-review-v1.md | main | kubernetes | [
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(string) UID information about the requesting user. - \*\*user\*\* (string) User is the user you're testing for. If you specify "User" but not "Groups", then is it interpreted as "What if User were not a member of any groups ## SubjectAccessReviewStatus {#SubjectAccessReviewStatus} SubjectAccessReviewStatus --- - \*\*a... | https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/reference/kubernetes-api/authorization-resources/subject-access-review-v1.md | main | kubernetes | [
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0.... | 0.113429 |
`apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1` `import "k8s.io/api/rbac/v1"` ## ClusterRoleBinding {#ClusterRoleBinding} ClusterRoleBinding references a ClusterRole, but not contain it. It can reference a ClusterRole in the global namespace, and adds who information via Subject. --- - \*\*apiVersion\*\*: rbac.authorization... | https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/reference/kubernetes-api/authorization-resources/cluster-role-binding-v1.md | main | kubernetes | [
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0.06050... | 0.142781 |
PUT /apis/rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1/clusterrolebindings/{name} #### Parameters - \*\*name\*\* (\*in path\*): string, required name of the ClusterRoleBinding - \*\*body\*\*: [}}">ClusterRoleBinding]({{< ref ), required - \*\*dryRun\*\* (\*in query\*): string [}}">dryRun]({{< ref ) - \*\*fieldManager\*\* (\*in query\*... | https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/reference/kubernetes-api/authorization-resources/cluster-role-binding-v1.md | main | kubernetes | [
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0.045573364943265915,
0.04459739103913307,
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0.005... | 0.090113 |
`apiVersion: authorization.k8s.io/v1` `import "k8s.io/api/authorization/v1"` ## SelfSubjectAccessReview {#SelfSubjectAccessReview} SelfSubjectAccessReview checks whether or the current user can perform an action. Not filling in a spec.namespace means "in all namespaces". Self is a special case, because users should alw... | https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/reference/kubernetes-api/authorization-resources/self-subject-access-review-v1.md | main | kubernetes | [
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0... | 0.188276 |
be non-empty. If the operator is Exists or DoesNotExist, the values array must be empty. - \*\*resourceAttributes.group\*\* (string) Group is the API Group of the Resource. "\*" means all. - \*\*resourceAttributes.labelSelector\*\* (LabelSelectorAttributes) labelSelector describes the limitation on access based on labe... | https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/reference/kubernetes-api/authorization-resources/self-subject-access-review-v1.md | main | kubernetes | [
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0.1402059942483902,
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0.09180755913257599,
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-0.068... | 0.137169 |
Request POST /apis/authorization.k8s.io/v1/selfsubjectaccessreviews #### Parameters - \*\*body\*\*: [}}">SelfSubjectAccessReview]({{< ref ), required - \*\*dryRun\*\* (\*in query\*): string [}}">dryRun]({{< ref ) - \*\*fieldManager\*\* (\*in query\*): string [}}">fieldManager]({{< ref ) - \*\*fieldValidation\*\* (\*in ... | https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/reference/kubernetes-api/authorization-resources/self-subject-access-review-v1.md | main | kubernetes | [
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0.11231058090925217,
0.020792612805962563,
0.022679084911942482,
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0.027574801817536354,
0.03646878898143768,
0.008871118538081646,
0.003604364348575473,
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0.0185... | 0.082687 |
`apiVersion: authorization.k8s.io/v1` `import "k8s.io/api/authorization/v1"` ## SelfSubjectRulesReview {#SelfSubjectRulesReview} SelfSubjectRulesReview enumerates the set of actions the current user can perform within a namespace. The returned list of actions may be incomplete depending on the server's authorization mo... | https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/reference/kubernetes-api/authorization-resources/self-subject-rules-review-v1.md | main | kubernetes | [
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0.014735322445631027,
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0.043084051460027695,
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0.01591896452009678,
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0.004223891533911228,
0... | 0.136534 |
rule applies to. "\*" means all in the specified apiGroups. "\*/foo" represents the subresource 'foo' for all resources in the specified apiGroups. - \*\*status.evaluationError\*\* (string) EvaluationError can appear in combination with Rules. It indicates an error occurred during rule evaluation, such as an authorizer... | https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/reference/kubernetes-api/authorization-resources/self-subject-rules-review-v1.md | main | kubernetes | [
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0.0010672459611669183,
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0.0... | 0.125224 |
`apiVersion: authorization.k8s.io/v1` `import "k8s.io/api/authorization/v1"` ## LocalSubjectAccessReview {#LocalSubjectAccessReview} LocalSubjectAccessReview checks whether or not a user or group can perform an action in a given namespace. Having a namespace scoped resource makes it much easier to grant namespace scope... | https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/reference/kubernetes-api/authorization-resources/local-subject-access-review-v1.md | main | kubernetes | [
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0.04081312566995621,
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0.055... | 0.122302 |
`apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1` `import "k8s.io/api/rbac/v1"` ## RoleBinding {#RoleBinding} RoleBinding references a role, but does not contain it. It can reference a Role in the same namespace or a ClusterRole in the global namespace. It adds who information via Subjects and namespace information by which n... | https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/reference/kubernetes-api/authorization-resources/role-binding-v1.md | main | kubernetes | [
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0.069... | 0.141368 |
(\*in query\*): string [}}">continue]({{< ref ) - \*\*fieldSelector\*\* (\*in query\*): string [}}">fieldSelector]({{< ref ) - \*\*labelSelector\*\* (\*in query\*): string [}}">labelSelector]({{< ref ) - \*\*limit\*\* (\*in query\*): integer [}}">limit]({{< ref ) - \*\*pretty\*\* (\*in query\*): string [}}">pretty]({{<... | https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/reference/kubernetes-api/authorization-resources/role-binding-v1.md | main | kubernetes | [
0.02626524493098259,
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-0.0... | 0.044203 |
query\*): boolean [}}">sendInitialEvents]({{< ref ) - \*\*timeoutSeconds\*\* (\*in query\*): integer [}}">timeoutSeconds]({{< ref ) #### Response 200 ([}}">Status]({{< ref )): OK 401: Unauthorized | https://github.com/kubernetes/website/blob/main//content/en/docs/reference/kubernetes-api/authorization-resources/role-binding-v1.md | main | kubernetes | [
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0.0014243550831452012,
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0.05069206282496452,
0.... | 0.127153 |
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