text
large_stringlengths
148
17k
id
large_stringlengths
47
47
score
float64
2.69
5.31
tokens
int64
36
7.79k
format
large_stringclasses
13 values
topic
large_stringclasses
2 values
fr_ease
float64
20
157
Courtesy: Human Genome Program, U.S. Department of Energy, Genomics and Its Impact on Science and Society: A 2008 Primer, 2008. (Original version 1992, revised 2001 and 2008.) http://genomicscience.energy.gov. Today, the disciplinary distinctions between biology, chemistry, and mass spectrometry are often blurred. Thes...
<urn:uuid:e599b914-223c-4625-b0ab-cd38b2bead6b>
2.8125
1,433
Knowledge Article
Science & Tech.
29.314942
1. Hamiltonian Complexity. This is a new area of quantum computing that ties in with questions of interest to condensed matter physics - such as ground states and ground energies of local hamiltonians. [Complexity of local hamiltonians on a line] [consistency of density matrices is QMA complete] [Quantum detectability ...
<urn:uuid:8106d5e2-18e8-468d-93e6-40dca577bdbf>
2.75
393
Content Listing
Science & Tech.
22.733527
There is something strangely satisfying when nature thumbs her nose at our scientific theories. This article in space.com describes a star gone super-nova too soon, just hours after a major star eruption. I’ve never been completely comfortable with the theories of stellar evolution. The theories say that while a star i...
<urn:uuid:128c73aa-1174-461d-814b-8bdd05f4e36c>
2.890625
445
Personal Blog
Science & Tech.
66.036667
This include file implements the association between a Unicode character and its name. The name of a Unicode character allows to distinguish it from other, similar looking characters. For example, the character ‘x’ has the name "LATIN SMALL LETTER X" and is therefore different from the character This macro expands to a...
<urn:uuid:6bfad07f-67aa-4924-a7b8-99f5b828fa57>
2.890625
173
Documentation
Software Dev.
37.594435
NUCLEAR fusion could be responsible for at least some of the Earth's heat, according to one of the researchers involved in the current controversy over producing cold fusion in a test tube. Steven Jones and his team at Brigham Young University, Utah, who last week published the results of their experiments on cold fusi...
<urn:uuid:6a88e7de-8fde-4e58-bf9b-7c34908c8c79>
3.84375
217
Truncated
Science & Tech.
45.977643
Know what this proves? That 2012 was hot in the continental US. What it doesn’t prove is anthropogenic causation. But, hey, it gets all the Warmists out and about spreading awareness as they drive to demonstrations in their fossil fueled vehicles What they’re forgetting is that the study only encompasses the lower 48. ...
<urn:uuid:4e4f45d1-530f-44de-94ce-469d4240c3fa>
2.703125
626
Personal Blog
Science & Tech.
59.692683
Citizen Participation Helps Monitor Cyanobacteria in Michigan LakesFebruary 29th, 2012 “Cyanobacterial blooms reduce water transparency and recreational value, cause odor and taste problems, and can be toxic to both terrestrial and aquatic organisms.” That doesn’t sound very nice, so if you were responsible for ensurin...
<urn:uuid:98f7484b-fa13-4d6c-b04a-e452ae905cf7>
2.6875
198
Truncated
Science & Tech.
36.331675
Frostgate 1 – Australian Bureau of Meteorology altering temperature data – rewriting Melbourne climate history by eliminating many frostsJune 25th, 2012 by Warwick Hughes Jointly with Ed Thurstan. Since the mid 1990′s the BoM has produced several adjusted versions of Australian temperature history – these add more warm...
<urn:uuid:8d0e7bf2-ea28-4662-a7b2-30f82a4e22ad>
2.796875
402
Personal Blog
Science & Tech.
27.537955
Picture of Thomas Edison The Bettmann Archive Thomas Edison was an American inventor who lived between 1847-1931. He patented over a thousand inventions, including the light bulb, which generates light using electricity passed through a filament. Edison also invented the phonograph (which records and plays back sound),...
<urn:uuid:8cd66db7-eea3-47dc-97a2-643bf0e8964b>
3.4375
501
Content Listing
Science & Tech.
50.42605
Accumulation and 18O records for ice cores from Quelccaya ice cap. The period of the Little Ice Age stands out clearly as an interval of colder temperature (lower 18O) and higher accumulation. Such evidence demonstrates the Little Ice Age was a climatic episode of global significance. From World Data Center for Paleocl...
<urn:uuid:19adb3cd-8437-4b2d-9429-6ab3dfb6f8be>
3.140625
91
Academic Writing
Science & Tech.
22.790203
Discover the cosmos! Each day a different image or photograph of our fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a professional astronomer. 2004 February 24 Explanation: What could rip a star apart? A black hole. Giant black holes in just the right mass range would pull on the front of a...
<urn:uuid:70f08f40-ff9a-40fe-8ca3-171ba0502eab>
4.125
257
Knowledge Article
Science & Tech.
56.67415
Write a program that uses a loop to display the characters for each ASCII code 32 through 127. Display 16 characters on each line with one space between characters. We are using the Starting out with C++ Early Objects 6th edition. I really don't know how to start this program, I'm not sure if it wants me to display eve...
<urn:uuid:6484c576-063f-4fbd-8d4b-74ba70908968>
3.1875
109
Q&A Forum
Software Dev.
73.083455
Q&A: General Astronomy and Space Science I would like to know what the order of the spectrum would look like if we looked at a light made of neon by using a telescope or some other instruments. All elements exhibit characteristic spectral emission lines. The predominant emission lines of a gas, like Neon, are also very...
<urn:uuid:b4c2d348-03f0-4816-ab78-a8e62bc073bf>
3.3125
193
Q&A Forum
Science & Tech.
37.979502
Thursday, March 15, 2012 Sonardyne International, UK, has retrieved its first Pressure Inverted Echo Sounder (PIES) off the coast of Hawaii, USA. This new long-life sensor logging node is designed to accurately measure the average sound velocity through a column of water from the seabed to the sea surface. The informat...
<urn:uuid:9351c32d-b47d-40d9-afdc-73f5c1a6b25b>
3.171875
287
Personal Blog
Science & Tech.
35.789474
Pointed Lightning Rods Name: A. B. Why does the lightning conductor have pointed shape? I know it has something to do with electric field lines. Please explain. The electric field in a conductor is very strong at a sharp edge or point so it provides a good target for a lightning discharge. You can find the quantitative...
<urn:uuid:bd2c7176-2fd5-4277-b643-ed7e496988b3>
3.453125
231
Q&A Forum
Science & Tech.
58.68655
In the 1930s the logician Kurt Gödel showed that if you set out proper rules for mathematics, you lose the ability to decide whether certain statements are true or false. This is rather shocking and you may wonder why Gödel's result hasn't wiped out mathematics once and for all. The answer is that, initially at least, ...
<urn:uuid:70548517-47ec-4f98-a32d-1d845d6060a6>
2.9375
213
Content Listing
Science & Tech.
41.207282
Group 12 element A group 12 element is a group in the periodic table of chemical elements. It includes zinc, cadmium, mercury, and copernicium. Copernicium is not stable so its properties are not clear. They all have low melting and boiling points. Mercury is even a liquid. Zinc is the least electronegative and most re...
<urn:uuid:2a77e04b-c7ea-40bb-a4b7-66b4c2bc54a4>
3.21875
82
Knowledge Article
Science & Tech.
55.685
In This Document The Chesapeake Bay Program (CBP) of the U.S. Geological Survey has been attempting to estimate the number of years it should take to see water-quality improvements after implementation of nutrient-reduction practices. There will be a "lag time" between nutrient-management practices and improvements in ...
<urn:uuid:6bc7888e-1131-4ed8-b172-e955cf75d807>
3.203125
839
Knowledge Article
Science & Tech.
63.046052
Science subject and location tags Articles, documents and multimedia from ABC Science Tuesday, 7 March 2006 Sun-spawned cosmic storms that can play havoc with earthly power grids and orbiting satellites could be 50% stronger in the next 11-year solar cycle than in the last one, scientists say. Monday, 6 March 2006 La N...
<urn:uuid:5ce030f8-8963-472f-b3eb-fad939ac733e>
2.71875
604
Content Listing
Science & Tech.
44.959709
Fox coral (Nemenzophyllia turbida) |Also known as:||jasmine coral, ridge coral| Fox coral is classified as Vulnerable (VU) on the IUCN Red List (2), and listed on Appendix II of CITES (3). The grey-coloured fox coral (Nemenzophyllia turbida) is the only species in the genus Nemenzophyllia. Large coral colonies are comp...
<urn:uuid:476fbee3-ab57-4b0b-a828-38f3a17d6653>
3.828125
941
Knowledge Article
Science & Tech.
38.28295
Answer the following questions given the equation y= -3(1/2)^(x-2)+6. (A) Draw the secants from the y-intercept to each of the points on the curve ending at x=2, 1, 0.5, 0.1, 0.01, 0.001. (B) Determine the equtions of the secants constructed in part (A).(C) Determine the equation of the tangent at the y-intercept in si...
<urn:uuid:bd66647f-5ecf-4965-8785-143e4560cd94>
3.015625
135
Q&A Forum
Science & Tech.
96.167827
Two charges, -23 µC and +1 µC, are fixed in place and separated by 1.9 m. (a) At what spot along a line through the charges is the net electric field zero? Locate this spot relative to the positive charge. (Hint: The spot does not necessarily lie between the two (b) What would be the force on a charge of +40 µC placed ...
<urn:uuid:da7b784f-fdc3-4cfd-a985-8c9713708791>
2.875
91
Q&A Forum
Science & Tech.
79.710481
On this page: Under conditions of constant temperature and pressure, chemical change will tend to occur in whatever direction leads to a decrease in the value of the Gibbs free energy. In this lesson we will see how G varies with the composition of the system as reactants change into products. When G falls as far as it...
<urn:uuid:86de71d4-3da9-41a3-b6e8-3be183ef9543>
4.15625
3,316
Tutorial
Science & Tech.
56.716893
But a billion years of bacterial evolutionary progress was soon stunted by a catastrophic global event. Geologists find no signs of a great meteor impact nor a volcanic eruption, but they have uncovered the unmistakable geologic scars of rapid worldwide climate change. Average temperatures, which were previously compar...
<urn:uuid:a3131d6c-6124-4674-8972-a068d628da97>
4.0625
973
Personal Blog
Science & Tech.
30.396466
A leap year is a year containing an extra day. It has 366 days instead of the normal 365 days. The extra day is added in February, which has 29 days instead of the normal 28 days. Leap years occur every 4 years. 2012 is a leap year and so is 2016. Except that every 100 years special rules apply. For example 1900 was no...
<urn:uuid:f605a83a-a1fd-460d-8494-c18dc244757b>
3.484375
84
Structured Data
Science & Tech.
97.641408
SOLAR cells could see a boost in their theoretical maximum efficiency from 31 per cent to 66 per cent, thanks to a novel way of harnessing electrons whose energy is normally lost as heat. The most efficient silicon solar cells turn 25 per cent of the incoming light into electricity, but even with further improvements t...
<urn:uuid:891781c3-51ca-4a40-aa05-d6b9204b3ae5>
3.875
191
Truncated
Science & Tech.
37.830263
Largest Atom Possible What is the largest possible atom? By 'large', do you mean atomic number or do you mean atomic radius? Some large atomic mass atoms can be created by scientists that are very unstable and decay in a fraction of a second. Researchers attempt to build very large atoms by smashing other atoms togethe...
<urn:uuid:2c511a06-18f2-4e35-9fa1-718734505547>
3.625
1,114
Q&A Forum
Science & Tech.
49.55973
|www . Science-Projects . com| |Flame Emission Spectroscopy| The light emitted from glowing gases is characteristic of the elements in that gas, and the brightness of each band of light is directly proportional to the quantity of that element in the glowing gas. While you are probably familiar with sodium vapor lamps a...
<urn:uuid:9827241f-9de2-4cf2-8404-14551d8e8c36>
3.75
1,906
Tutorial
Science & Tech.
49.506531
Igneous rocks are formed when molten rock (magma) cools and solidifies, with or without crystallization, either below the surface as intrusive (plutonic) rocks or on the surface as extrusive (volcanic) rocks.. For more information about the topic Igneous rock, read the full article at Wikipedia.org, or see the followin...
<urn:uuid:ee53dd03-68ce-4206-aa3d-dbaa514a7f7f>
3.171875
103
Knowledge Article
Science & Tech.
26.841364
Polluted(Waste) water can be treated and purified by using ferrate(VI) as the sole reagent. It is a very good reagent for waste water treatment because of its strong oxidising tendency and the non-toxic products after reaction with waste water and hence do not have any adverse effects towwards the environment or human ...
<urn:uuid:735febab-c016-40ee-9880-5e2bbec59020>
2.84375
1,159
Knowledge Article
Science & Tech.
25.927461
Well, I normally don't like to get into too much Big Bang bashing or anything, but I may have come up some important derivations. But first, please read through this thread and run through the calculations. I know I need to give everyone in that discussion time to look through them on that thread as well, but I'll go a...
<urn:uuid:ee84c118-6efe-4c60-8d03-979d6d472d55>
3.03125
420
Comment Section
Science & Tech.
77.856872
Understanding how babies develop is an important part of understanding how the human brain works. The quest to explore the development of children led researchers at the University of California, San Diego to build this utterly terrifying baby robot. In cooperation with Japanese robotics firm Kokoro Co., Ltd., the team...
<urn:uuid:df8e25a0-afb8-44a3-8444-956dfcf3fb1a>
3.6875
301
Personal Blog
Science & Tech.
48.380901
Photograph by Ed Kashi The oceans are so vast and deep that until fairly recently, it was widely assumed that no matter how much trash and chemicals humans dumped into them, the effects would be negligible. Proponents of dumping in the oceans even had a catchphrase: "The solution to pollution is dilution." Today, we ne...
<urn:uuid:976bf817-7180-413d-ac7e-6d06f9909f8e>
4.125
1,213
Knowledge Article
Science & Tech.
31.10452
Feb 12, 2002, 5:46 AM Post #1 of 9 Phone Number Input Fix Golf Let's say you have an HTML form out on the Web for information gathering for a business that will contact the customers requesting information by the phone number they enter in a single text input box. The box does not restrict character input in any way. W...
<urn:uuid:1524ba26-ebf9-438d-ad73-0082a0274634>
2.734375
311
Comment Section
Software Dev.
70.257143
My understanding of relativity is at the beginner level, so please bear with me to help a beginner to understand. Something which I don't understand is consider if you travel close to the speed of light you will notice effects occurring, for example in this video. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-CIs3jOnfiM it says tha...
<urn:uuid:e62849b8-fb08-4b51-a6da-1d028ae0f1be>
3.296875
376
Q&A Forum
Science & Tech.
60.359444
The Bunsen burner is the iconic symbol of high school chemistry and, for millions of inquiring scientists, "such stuff as dreams are made on." Yet while we all may be familiar with this blazing apparatus, relatively few know exactly who Bunsen was. Robert Wilhelm Eberhard Bunsen (1811-1899) was born in Göttingen, which...
<urn:uuid:39aee2c5-febf-495a-afa5-24d546f0951a>
3.546875
880
Nonfiction Writing
Science & Tech.
28.357814
Java uses UTF-16 for the internal text representation The representation for String and StringBuilder etc in Java is UTF-16 How is text represented in the Java platform? The Java programming language is based on the Unicode character set, and several libraries implement the Unicode standard. The primitive data type cha...
<urn:uuid:87499c7a-9ca1-42e5-ae6c-e57c5fde7824>
3.65625
302
Q&A Forum
Software Dev.
54.160917
From the Field posts by AMNH on Underwater photography is always a challenge, but try doing it at night. That’s how David Gruber, a Museum research associate and consultant for the exhibition Creatures of Light: Nature’s Bioluminescence, will be spending the next few weeks in the Solomon Islands as he searches for glow...
<urn:uuid:a6965cc9-46e4-40d7-b515-682403660680>
2.828125
998
Content Listing
Science & Tech.
35.950445
The staggering difficulty posed by interstellar flight pushes us to imagine alternatives to today’s technologies. Using conventional rocketry we’re forced to amass so much propellant that the craft we want to send seem impossible to build, even if we could afford the vast fuel bill. A jacked up rocket engine is, of cou...
<urn:uuid:cd22004f-6be3-4705-94ea-7f4a3b3f9c39>
2.96875
1,315
Personal Blog
Science & Tech.
40.302791
The Exoplanets Group at Chabot Space & Science Center conducts weekly observing sessions using Chabot telescopes in an effort to verify discoveries of extra-solar planets (exoplanets). How Is It Done? Working from prioritized star lists provided by the Lick Observatory group (TransitSearch.org), Chabot's Exoplanets Gro...
<urn:uuid:2611578f-63a8-4eda-aeb1-ebabcba88990>
3.421875
406
Knowledge Article
Science & Tech.
25.98865
While there are natural sources of the primary greenhouse gases, human activities have without a doubt overloaded and changed the atmosphere. Ever since the Industrial Revolution, we’ve been steadily producing and releasing carbon dioxide and other heat-trapping gases into the atmosphere. In 2005, global atmospheric co...
<urn:uuid:6db79a3f-b5a3-4ccb-ae21-35a0dfc6d3f3>
4.1875
689
Knowledge Article
Science & Tech.
40.393421
Explainer: Top 10 ambitious big science experiments To improve our view of a vast and complex universe, scientists are creating increasingly ambitious new tools. The work is not easy. Truly big science requires decades of expensive commitment from multiple nations. But the instruments that result are nearly as awe-insp...
<urn:uuid:dc664845-3c27-4eaf-b404-30ecafc6c801>
3.765625
982
Listicle
Science & Tech.
50.951535
Look up monthly U.S., Statewide, Divisional, and Regional Temperature, Precipitation, Degree Days, and Palmer (Drought) rankings for 1-12, 18, 24, 36, 48, 60-month, and Year-to-Date time periods. Data and statistics are as of January 1895. Please note, Degree Days are not available for Agricultural Belts Arizona Temper...
<urn:uuid:090ec9de-5e12-48a6-a402-6f32c0ef17a3>
2.796875
141
Structured Data
Science & Tech.
52.2325
The example in figure An Application Example shows how the grid definition and inquiry functions can be used in an application program. A partial differential equation, for instance the Poisson equation, is to be solved on a rectangular domain. First, the processes organize themselves in a two-dimensional structure. Ea...
<urn:uuid:9806b56c-eb9c-4c2d-adbc-aeb5d204be2b>
3.015625
208
Documentation
Software Dev.
48.02662
Scientists agree that our climate is warming. But it is difficult to predict exactly how the climate will change in the future. Scientists need to test their climate change models by testing them against how climate has changed in the past. So, to test these models we need a way of understanding past climate change. 'A...
<urn:uuid:91a1bf36-7ad3-481a-9b51-ecf95e02a086>
3.609375
246
Knowledge Article
Science & Tech.
48.609563
The Bottlenose Dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) is the most common and well-known dolphin species. It inhabits warm and temperate seas worldwide and may be found in all but the Arctic and the Antarctic Oceans. Bottlenose Dolphins are grey, varying from dark grey at the top near the dorsal fin to very light grey and almost ...
<urn:uuid:fcc09e63-9169-48f4-a275-26483215b74d>
4.0625
1,999
Knowledge Article
Science & Tech.
45.015477
Go Forth and Replicate; August 2001; Scientific American Magazine; by Moshe Sipper and James A. Reggia, sidebar by George Musser; 10 Page(s) Apples beget apples, but can machines beget machines? Today it takes an elaborate manufacturing apparatus to build even a simple machine. Could we endow an artificial device with ...
<urn:uuid:e72cd3de-8129-4757-a137-ded413984c35>
3.46875
320
Knowledge Article
Science & Tech.
22.501763
Fans of Stephanie Meyers' Twilight series -- now coming to a silver screen near you - love the fact that her vampires "sparkle" in sunlight rather than burn up, a la Dracula. It's an intriguing departure from classical vampire lore, and far be it from us to argue with artistic license. But you don't have to be a broody...
<urn:uuid:04155489-dab5-44d1-909b-f2ef9d25c598>
2.84375
351
Personal Blog
Science & Tech.
49.679768
Vesicle (biology and chemistry) In cell biology, a vesicle is a small bubble within a cell, and thus a type of organelle. Enclosed by lipid bilayer, vesicles can form naturally, for example, during endocytosis. Alternatively, they may be prepared artificially, when they are called liposomes. If there is only one phosph...
<urn:uuid:ca055a87-a1ee-40e3-a275-089c3ec38e30>
4.03125
2,853
Knowledge Article
Science & Tech.
40.050589
Brief SummaryRead full entry BiologyIn contrast with the long-distance migratory habits of most other storm petrel species, ashy storm-petrels typically remain within the vicinity of the breeding colonies year round (3) (6). The breeding season by comparison with other species is also unusually protracted and asynchron...
<urn:uuid:18ec0d80-a8a2-426c-8e45-a4b50691ea50>
2.984375
245
Knowledge Article
Science & Tech.
44.17587
ANSI Common Lisp 5 Data and Control Flow 5.3 Dictionary of Data and Control Flow pair::= var form psetq: [ ¦pê'set'kyü ] - Arguments and Values: var - a symbol naming a variable other than a constant variable. form - a form. Assigns values to variables. This is just like setq, except that the assignments happen "in par...
<urn:uuid:d16d8053-fe86-4954-8c74-1eddaff32f6e>
2.78125
456
Documentation
Software Dev.
74.44
Ecology and Food Webs in Wetlands (The introductory material on general ecology and food webs is mostly from: Caduto, M.J. 1985. Pond and Brook. Hanover, N.H.: University Press of New England. 276p.) What is Ecology? Energy and the Food Web Just like any other sort of system, an ecosystem requires energy to operate. En...
<urn:uuid:60ad7c01-d5cb-459c-9edf-09755450482e>
3.765625
2,664
Knowledge Article
Science & Tech.
46.251651
The 12-Inch Beach Ball Universe - Long Description In this model, light from the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) equals the 12 inch diameter of the beach ball- the ball has a radius of 6 inches. This represents a 45.6 billion light year radius, or 13.7 billion light years in time. The distance is bigger than the time...
<urn:uuid:a5d13a85-998a-4115-941b-e50c76c7f1c2>
2.765625
213
Knowledge Article
Science & Tech.
76.073753
Microsoft Small Basic puts the fun back into computer programming. With a friendly development environment that is very easy to master, a curriculum that you can use to learn Small Basic with separate lessons, and lots of sample code, Small Basic eases students of all ages into the world of programming. Here, you’ll fi...
<urn:uuid:22ff3e0a-5500-42bb-965f-b1ec81afa9ee>
2.84375
477
Content Listing
Software Dev.
51.524963
What makes radioactivity from a nuclear bomb so deadly? What consists inside of nuclear bomb to make it so powerful? Nuclear bombs are powerful for the same reason nuclear reactors are able to produce lots of energy out of a small amount of fuel - the nuclear reactions involved just do give out a lot of energy, much mo...
<urn:uuid:ffa44f09-7289-492d-b0e8-306c61f5d278>
3.390625
375
Knowledge Article
Science & Tech.
52.827
Latitude, solar elevation angles and gap-regenerating rain forest pioneers Article first published online: 22 DEC 2010 © 2010 The Authors. Journal of Ecology © 2010 British Ecological Society Journal of Ecology Volume 99, Issue 2, pages 491–502, March 2011 How to Cite Lusk, C. H., Sendall, K. and Kooyman, R. (2011), La...
<urn:uuid:80dbbdf4-7b95-4235-8a3f-e8ca9c970a9b>
2.71875
708
Academic Writing
Science & Tech.
44.448425
Of course, scientists the loss of ice caps and glaciers around the world is still a serious concern… but they seem to have messed up when it comes to measuring the loss of ice around the globe. From The Guardian. The world’s greatest snow-capped peaks, which run in a chain from the Himalayas to Tian Shan on the border ...
<urn:uuid:ab054f04-3187-468e-ad6d-1f7c668ab12c>
2.6875
335
Comment Section
Science & Tech.
55.810471
The Earth spins once every 24 hours which gives us the length of the day. It also orbits around the Sun once every year, which is about 365 days. However, other planets spin and orbit at different speeds, so their days and years are different lengths. To work out your age on other planets, you need to calculate how man...
<urn:uuid:43fe00cf-c045-4514-a777-f499608d407f>
3.71875
386
Knowledge Article
Science & Tech.
110.100932
It's already been a big year for space telescopes. Back in May, the European Space Agency launched two of them -- one to study the afterglow of the Big Bang, the other to study the birth of the first stars and galaxies. And a few days later, astronauts finished the final servicing mission to Hubble Space Telescope. Now...
<urn:uuid:1cfad60d-f240-4e02-983d-e445f4d869cc>
3.609375
337
Truncated
Science & Tech.
52.672833
Explanation: This was home. Last week, the STS-121 crew of the Space Shuttle Discovery undocked from the International Space Station (ISS) and returned to Earth. As the shuttle departed the space station, they took the above image. Visible on the ISS are numerous modules, trusses, and long wing-like solar panels. The s...
<urn:uuid:f4ac1370-9e38-4609-848f-3b47caf52b35>
2.890625
130
Personal Blog
Science & Tech.
51.045
Climate change drove coral reefs to a total ecosystem collapse lasting thousands of years, according to a paper published this week in Science. The paper shows how natural climatic shifts stopped reef growth in the eastern Pacific for 2,500 years. The reef shutdown, which began 4,000 years ago, corresponds to a period ...
<urn:uuid:4a1f9cfc-9c20-469f-8528-12350cb8244e>
3.609375
515
Content Listing
Science & Tech.
32.615779
Tritium Detected Downgradient of BLIP The Brookhaven LINAC Isotope Producer (BLIP) has been in opertion since 1972. Radionuclides produced at BLIP are processed for pharmaceutical and medical imaging applications. BLIP uses a beam of protons delivered from the LINAC to irradiate materials encased in small, disk-like ta...
<urn:uuid:aaa0d042-8a96-442c-942e-55c33e4fbb72>
3.21875
355
Knowledge Article
Science & Tech.
23.863531
glycerol, glycerin, glycerine, or 1,2,3-propanetriol (prōˈpāntrĪˌŏl) [key], CH2OHCHOHCH2OH, colorless, odorless, sweet-tasting, syrupy liquid. Glycerol is a trihydric alcohol. It melts at 17.8°C, boils with decomposition at 290°C, and is miscible with water and ethanol. It is hygroscopic; i.e., it absorbs water from th...
<urn:uuid:1727962b-197b-426d-8bab-1c4eec8c2457>
3.171875
346
Knowledge Article
Science & Tech.
36.14456
Crabs, Prawns, Shrimps and Lobsters (Class Malacostraca, Order Decapoda) are the most familiar group of crustaceans, and are termed decapods because they have ten legs. The first pair of legs is usually modified for feeding and/or defence, and has a claw. The other four pairs of legs are modified for walking, while in ...
<urn:uuid:94f3e6b3-cd11-4489-b045-8710b842d993>
3.90625
224
Knowledge Article
Science & Tech.
36.898848
BULLFROGS know a familiar voice when they hear it. When defending their territory, North American male bullfrogs listen for subtle differences in the croaks of other males to sort out the newcomers from the old-timers. Using synthetic frog sounds, biologists Mark Bee and Carl Gerhardt of the University of Missouri-Colu...
<urn:uuid:b8e7bf2b-4e6e-4a30-b0bc-91f43dfb66be>
2.859375
130
Truncated
Science & Tech.
34.255
Peter Aldhous, San Francisco bureau chief As oil pouring from the well beneath the wrecked oil rig Deepwater Horizon starts to reach the Louisiana coast, the damage could outstrip even the Exxon Valdez spill of 1989. Carl Pope, who chairs the Sierra Club, the oldest environmental group in the US, suggests on the Huffin...
<urn:uuid:37229b5a-42d6-4473-a958-aff8c7afbfb9>
2.984375
561
Nonfiction Writing
Science & Tech.
37.646957
Pi and Rectangle Date: Fall 2011 Can the number representing Pi be used to measure a rectangle? Amazingly, yes. In the Babylonian Talmud (Succoth 8.), there is a discussion about the area of a circle. They create many concentric ropes to fill the circle. The then slit it and fan it out to form an isosceles triangle. Th...
<urn:uuid:18ddb67f-6bee-418c-b900-98443076176d>
3.828125
165
Knowledge Article
Science & Tech.
65.044461
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1977 Philip W. Anderson, Sir Nevill F. Mott, John H. van Vleck by Professor Per-Olov Löwdin of the Royal Academy of Sciences Translation from the Swedish text Your Majesties, Your Royal Highnesses, Ladies and Gentlemen, This year's Nobel Prize in physics is shared equally between Philip Ander...
<urn:uuid:484b6c2e-c2de-4172-98e8-e1b2a1757e07>
2.875
1,276
Audio Transcript
Science & Tech.
24.45682
Sea Education Association/Skye Moret In the journal, Science, researchers led by the Sea Education Association (SEA) in Woods Hole, Massachusetts published results from a 22-year-long study of plastic accumulation in the western North Atlantic and Caribbean Sea. Over 60 percent of the 6136 surface plankton net tows the...
<urn:uuid:2ba1987e-7d15-4810-901e-31c273dfa241>
3.296875
1,076
Knowledge Article
Science & Tech.
47.214636
Two weeks ago, we published the first lesson in curve manipulation taught by German school teacher and would-be scientist E.G. Beck: How to make it appear as if the Medieval times were warmer than today, even if all scientific studies come to the opposite conclusion. Today we publish curve manipulation, lesson 2: How t...
<urn:uuid:3383cc4d-3497-45f1-b595-773db0c9ac13>
3.203125
506
Personal Blog
Science & Tech.
70.101617
The raised arcs, lines, dots, and other markings in this 17-by-11-inch Hubble Space Telescope image of the Carina Nebula highlight important features in the giant gas cloud, allowing visually impaired people to feel what they cannot see and form a picture of the nebula in their minds. Credit: NASA, ESA, and M. Mutchler...
<urn:uuid:da1e82e2-cdf9-420f-851e-d0e9bf061388>
3.015625
1,602
Knowledge Article
Science & Tech.
40.020862
Algae into Fuel November 10, 2012 There are lots of reports on this around the web. This one is more recent, and notable for the sobering estimate of the amount of land needed to grow sufficient algae to provide our liquid fuels. One reason why its more likely future transportation needs will be met by diverse solution...
<urn:uuid:3b918a34-fad3-403d-aa0c-5f76b17a4bc2>
3.28125
405
Comment Section
Science & Tech.
42.5625
Here is an article that I have just written for a fantastic site called Nikela Primates are found more or less on every area of land on the planet, however, if we remove Homo sapiens (Humans) from the picture, the distribution of primates becomes far more localised. The non-human primates are localised primarily to tro...
<urn:uuid:0c3aa003-618f-4fee-99de-c2fb3048e690>
3.3125
1,208
Personal Blog
Science & Tech.
33.490035
Last time we saw that Platonic solids come in dual pairs, with the tetrahedron being dual to itself: When you have a dual pair, you can start chopping off the corners of one, more and more, and keep going until you reach the other. Along the way you get some interesting shapes: At certain points along the way, we get s...
<urn:uuid:ba374f33-ee36-46af-b963-1ab259d8064a>
3.125
1,273
Personal Blog
Science & Tech.
58.825162
Cuboid Perimeters To Volume For any given cuboid it is possible to measure up to three different perimeters. For example, one perimeter could be measured this way. Given that cuboid A has perimeters 12, 16, and 20, and cuboid B has perimeters 12, 16, and 24, which cuboid has the greatest volume? Let the dimensions of a...
<urn:uuid:f501508d-6358-4b92-a73a-a4653579f86c>
3.3125
228
Knowledge Article
Science & Tech.
82.202365
Feb 5, 2007, 7:23 AM Post #8 of 8 Excel stores dates and times as a floating point number. The integer is the number of days since Jan 1st 1900 and the decimal part is a fraction of a day (.0 is midnight, .5 is noon, etc). Re: [bert.baeck] DATETIME in excel [In reply to] DateTime::Format::Excel takes a number in this f...
<urn:uuid:16ac312a-4765-45b3-844a-3ea041aa53b1>
2.890625
206
Comment Section
Software Dev.
69.516211
by Tom Martin I enjoy going to the cinema. I enjoy Professional Development. I didn’t think for one minute that these two interests would ever overlap. That was until I went to watch the new $200 million blockbuster “Battleship” at the cinema last weekend. Without giving too much away it’s basically about an alien inva...
<urn:uuid:939a9933-4b49-442c-a351-db79837e94f6>
2.796875
783
Personal Blog
Science & Tech.
55.899111
A new paradigm In 2003 Steinhardt from Princeton and Turok from Cambridge published their landmark paper on what will be the next paradigm: the cyclic theory. Here are its salient features: - space and time exist forever - the big bang is not the beginning of time; rather, it is a bridge to a pre-existing contracting e...
<urn:uuid:f5d53587-fe74-40a1-aa29-31e28e9c1dfc>
3.3125
742
Personal Blog
Science & Tech.
48.689508
Scientists say the notoriously dry continent of Africa is sitting on a vast reservoir of groundwater. They argue that the total volume of water in aquifers underground is 100 times the amount found on the surface. The team have produced the most detailed map yet of the scale and potential of this hidden resource. Writi...
<urn:uuid:d3206671-1151-40bd-add5-3c7dac56287c>
3.15625
133
Truncated
Science & Tech.
48.073915
How electricity makes things work Without electricity our appliances are just lumps of plastic and metal. But what does electricity really do? How does it make things work? We use it every day, but most of us haven't got a clue how electricity makes things work. What's going on in the wires that make motors move, and h...
<urn:uuid:0c82105a-225f-487f-9a59-9e96df577a1c>
3.734375
1,581
Knowledge Article
Science & Tech.
53.042264
Is the nascent field of astrobiology getting new inspiration from the mainstream? Evidence put forth this summer might suggest the question is answerable anecdotally. June 2004 brought astrobiology into focus when 'discovering life elsewhere' could be formulated with sufficient precision that the definition of astrobio...
<urn:uuid:d2815795-aa34-4052-a859-2fd77887a7e8>
2.734375
1,288
Personal Blog
Science & Tech.
37.791482
Major Section: PROGRAMMING Append, which takes two or more arguments, expects all the arguments except perhaps the last to be true (null-terminated) lists. It returns the result of concatenating all the elements of all the given lists into a single list. Actually, in ACL2 is a macro that expands into calls of the binar...
<urn:uuid:332000c0-265f-4697-8c72-1e446f615f6f>
2.765625
98
Documentation
Software Dev.
45.2525
These procedures are used to get some information about a list, or to retrieve one or more elements of a list. Return the number of elements in list lst. Return the last pair in lst, signalling an error if lst is circular. Return the kth element from list. Return the "tail" of lst beginning with its kth element. The fi...
<urn:uuid:5388673d-8680-483b-8331-a9aafe300b72>
3.609375
137
Documentation
Software Dev.
74.8615
Nov. 24, 2010 Cells have surface proteins, called cadherins, that help them stick together. Different kinds of cells have different kinds of cadherins. The typical tools for observing and measuring those proteins focus on tens of thousands of them at a time - providing data on the average molecule in a sample, but not ...
<urn:uuid:45c095bd-3d11-480c-8cc8-35d56ea7d968>
3.265625
112
Truncated
Science & Tech.
42.790674
Name: Dave E. Where is the value e, the base of the natural logarithms, found in nature? The number 'e' appears in many applications and circumstances in nature. It is so ubiquitous that listing all these in not practical. For some examples do an internet search on: "number e". I prefer the search engine www.google.com...
<urn:uuid:9c942567-dd5b-4852-964d-2a1c0d88ef05>
3.375
332
Q&A Forum
Science & Tech.
50.990625
Summit Surface Snow Temperatures of Greenland Kobashi, T., Kawamura, K., Severinghaus, J.P., Barnola, J.-M., Nakaegawa, T., Vinther, B.M., Johnsen, S.J. and Box, J.E. 2011. High variability of Greenland surface temperature over the past 4000 years estimated from trapped air in an ice core. Geophysical Research Letters ...
<urn:uuid:947f8c77-55d3-4ec8-88ae-07764a8a29d3>
3
467
Academic Writing
Science & Tech.
65.56376
A strange phenomenon was shredding Glen Canyon Dam. Here's how it was saved. By Brian Fortner Posted 03.05.2003 at 2:26 pm 0 Comments THE SITUATION Late spring, 1983. Heavy snowmelt and steady rains create the worst flooding in nearly a century in the Colorado River basin. Lake Powell, a 185-mile-long reservoir on the ...
<urn:uuid:b35bd341-357c-48d4-b38e-101c4fa9424c>
2.84375
176
Truncated
Science & Tech.
69.863353
Big Questions for CALIPSO As the world consumes ever more fossil fuel energy, greenhouse gas concentrations will continue to rise and Earth's average temperature will rise with them. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (or IPCC) estimates that Earth's average surface temperature could rise between 2°C and 6°C...
<urn:uuid:ce3ef91a-eafd-4264-afe1-6a683087af11>
3.875
210
Knowledge Article
Science & Tech.
62.300259
Web edition: September 9, 2012 Print edition: October 20, 2012; Vol.182 #8 (p. 14) Ancient clay deposits on Mars may not indicate that the Red Planet was originally a warm, wet place, as scientists have thought. Instead of needing liquid water to form, many of Mars’ 4-billion-year-old clays could have originated from c...
<urn:uuid:f7f900a8-5662-4747-8506-642acf010c7b>
4.15625
871
Truncated
Science & Tech.
56.191394
Spectrum of the 8th-magnitude Wolf-Rayet star WR 135 in Cygnus. From its beginnings in the early 19th century, spectroscopy the analysis of starlight by wavelength has unlocked a treasure-trove of astronomical information. Most of what we know about a star's chemical composition, temperature, axial spin, magnetic field...
<urn:uuid:2e6632f6-4247-4f68-9e9b-ffb9a322ffe0>
3.984375
527
Knowledge Article
Science & Tech.
37.469635
A recently discovered South African cockroach leaps through the air like a missile, traversing nearly 50 times its body length with every hop. Called a leaproach, the insect only infrequently scuttles like a regular roach. The rest of the time it uses two powerful hind legs with spring-loaded knees to rocket above fiel...
<urn:uuid:83d0c6b2-8a83-426d-b4ef-472f1cccc1c1>
2.9375
508
Personal Blog
Science & Tech.
54.487625
NXC Version 1.2.1 r5 The if statement evaluates a condition. If the condition is true, it executes one statement (the consequence). The value of a condition is considered to be false only when it evaluates to zero. If it evaluates to any non-zero value, it is true. The syntax for an if statement is shown below. The con...
<urn:uuid:39f69d68-8fef-4115-88f6-6a042ea98acf>
3.0625
118
Documentation
Software Dev.
55.476999
What is a “scripting language”? Languages such as C and C++ are “systems languages“; complex lower-level programming languages that allow the programmer a lot of flexibility and low level access to the system but are very intolerant of mistakes. These languages assume that you know what you’re doing, and as such make l...
<urn:uuid:7138c360-a90a-4534-bf7d-73e720d95338>
3.28125
916
Knowledge Article
Software Dev.
36.630071
The carrying capacity of a biological species in an environment is the maximum population size of the species that the environment can sustain indefinitely, given the food, habitat, water and other necessities available in the environment. In population biology, carrying capacity is defined as the environment's maximal...
<urn:uuid:845341b3-7d88-456c-a5e5-73e0aa7af32d>
3.875
1,986
Knowledge Article
Science & Tech.
42.847817
Every day millions of neutrinos zip through Earth with hardly a scratch to them or to Earth. Neutrinos are particles with no charge that are produced in the sun, stars, and by the cosmic rays that rain down on Earth's atmosphere. They can travel immense distances at the speed of light without being stopped by galaxies,...
<urn:uuid:89d062a0-c5c3-460d-aae7-003eba1a5d13>
3.9375
474
Truncated
Science & Tech.
71.627078
Counting Primes Using Legendre’s Formula July 22, 2011 The prime-counting function π(n) computes the number of primes not greater than n, and has been a matter of fascination to mathematicians for centuries. The Prime Number Theorem tells us that π(n) is approximately n / log(n); Carl Fredrich Gauss proposed the prime ...
<urn:uuid:776a75c2-47d8-4bb6-aa8f-742b2c9a42f6>
3.5625
516
Tutorial
Science & Tech.
62.910312
In exogenous retroviruses, LTRs act as promoters. Genome has all the genes (gag, pol, env), LTRs make sure they, and genomic RNA, is made. But just as a side-effect of the reverse transcription process, every integrated retrovirus (provirus) has two identical LTRs, U3-R-U5. A viral genome just has an R-U5 on the 5′ end...
<urn:uuid:4cb2e782-7563-4f63-a8cc-cd51e4ca379b>
2.734375
652
Comment Section
Science & Tech.
47.008625
We must increase the use of biology mathematics in our lessons! I am WAAAAYYYY up high on my soapbox today. This is year #29 for me in the biology classroom. I have been seeing this shameful trend for several years now..... Students cannot do math in the biology classroom! In the past, biology was a largely descriptive...
<urn:uuid:8ab842c1-69dc-4627-b378-53491103e35c>
2.953125
707
Personal Blog
Science & Tech.
59.449799
It’s a shame, really. We’ve been aware of the climate change effect of carbon dioxide for over 100 years. We’ve known for at least 30 years that human-caused increases in CO2 and other greenhouse gases will have a powerful impact on climate within decades. We’ve seen it happen — already. We now know that its effect ove...
<urn:uuid:59171a53-f2db-479d-b6f8-f00a350af5cd>
2.984375
738
Personal Blog
Science & Tech.
59.17138
Diurnal and annual variations of meteor rates at the Arctic circle 1Leibniz-Institute of Atmospheric Physics, 18225 Kühlungsborn, Germany Abstract. Meteors are an important source for (a) the metal atoms of the upper atmosphere metal layers and (b) for condensation nuclei, the existence of which are a prerequisite for ...
<urn:uuid:b39c3c5f-a98b-44b9-a3bc-031b93ac0f72>
3.15625
477
Academic Writing
Science & Tech.
30.444545