text
large_stringlengths
148
17k
id
large_stringlengths
47
47
score
float64
2.69
5.31
tokens
int64
36
7.79k
format
large_stringclasses
13 values
topic
large_stringclasses
2 values
fr_ease
float64
20
157
Not only have multiple independent researchers demonstrated that global temperatures are likely greater than at any period in the last 2000 years, but the data used by researchers are all independent too. Sources as varied as marine sediments, corals, tree rings, stalagmites, boreholes, the length of glacial tongues, i...
<urn:uuid:2466a9ae-7bae-41fb-bc1b-2888318af9bd>
3.140625
148
Comment Section
Science & Tech.
21.646522
Science subject and location tags Articles, documents and multimedia from ABC Science Tuesday, 30 April 2013 Proto-dinos Ten million years after the world's largest mass extinction, a lineage of animals thought to have led to dinosaurs took hold in what is now Tanzania and Zambia, according to new research. Thursday, 7...
<urn:uuid:8d8a0249-817e-46bf-adee-cc8cc72d9903>
2.75
92
Content Listing
Science & Tech.
31.645
Saturday 18 May Marsh clubmoss (Lycopodiella inundata) Marsh clubmoss fact file - Find out more - Print factsheet Marsh clubmoss description Clubmosses are simple plants, related to ferns; their common name is an indication of their resemblance to true mosses, the 'club' referring to the shape of the spore-bearing cone...
<urn:uuid:eb654fe1-7157-4aba-9d86-15c7fe977a85>
3.671875
1,605
Knowledge Article
Science & Tech.
33.861124
Structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) proteins are critical regulators of chromosome organization and function (1). This family of chromosomal ATPases is highly conserved from bacteria and archaeal species to vertebrates. There are at least six eukaryotic SMC proteins. The SMC proteins display a common primary ar...
<urn:uuid:ad93430c-efa6-44ee-a181-18ab4df5394c>
2.734375
652
Knowledge Article
Science & Tech.
53.891527
Neural Network is a powerful tool used in modern intelligent systems. Nowadays, many applications that involve pattern recognition, feature mapping, clustering, classification and etc. use Neural Networks as an essential component. In recent decades, several types of neural networks have been developed. Back Error Prop...
<urn:uuid:a1f0e5ef-5857-4786-a568-99039c8ed098>
3.328125
657
Documentation
Software Dev.
45.164796
Moisture (in the form of water vapor) is a highly variable - and extremely important - component of Earth's atmosphere. In the spring of 2002, scientists from Europe and the United States collaborated on the International H2O Project, with the ultimate goal of improving the understanding and forecasting of convection. ...
<urn:uuid:44daca32-9a2e-43a2-8c9c-e331df788467>
2.953125
131
Knowledge Article
Science & Tech.
38.904851
The following HTML text is provided to enhance online readability. Many aspects of typography translate only awkwardly to HTML. Please use the page image as the authoritative form to ensure accuracy. ULTRAFAST CHEMICAL SEPARATIONS are totally separated from each other. The peripheral partition walls and the baffle ridg...
<urn:uuid:69dc1b98-420f-457a-a764-f041f4e7a34e>
2.96875
427
Academic Writing
Science & Tech.
34.061419
Heatwaves aren't just a problem for humans. They can reshape marine ecosystems too. Such extreme weather events will become more common because of climate change. They can ravage land ecosystems, but until now little has been known about their effects in the seas. Events last year in the sea off Australia's west coast ...
<urn:uuid:126b191b-a6df-4845-a129-3c29958b8001>
4.15625
883
Truncated
Science & Tech.
56.687188
How do scientists figure out relationships between living things? Some scientists compare every single feature of every single organism to try to work out their evolutionary relationships. But, another group of scientists has come up with a more efficient, more reliable approach. With this method, called cladistic anal...
<urn:uuid:300a49a4-9b27-4600-990e-c622d7dd41c8>
3.875
566
Knowledge Article
Science & Tech.
49.576127
|Nov17-04, 07:09 PM||#1| Why are orbitals called s, p, d, and f? I know how they work I was just wondering how did they get that specific abbreviation? |Nov17-04, 07:27 PM||#2| I asked this in chem. class also. I was wondering why it wasn't a, b, c, d, instead of s, p, d,.. My teacher said,"I don't know!" **Although, s...
<urn:uuid:2c345df2-3b76-41ce-8e22-9d61a2c75e4d>
3.578125
1,600
Comment Section
Science & Tech.
91.647456
Welcome to PhysLink.com - Your physics and astronomy online portal. Stay a while! Check out our extensive library of educational and reference materials. Also, check out our fun section! Where is mercury found in the world? Asked by: William Mercury (atomic symbol Hg) is a liquid at room temperature. Finding large pool...
<urn:uuid:cd1e2bfb-ce91-4e44-9e2d-248c044b6a19>
3
522
Q&A Forum
Science & Tech.
41.173555
Many, if not most, modern object oriented languages have support for a concept called accessor methods object methods . Basically, these are simple methods which control access to some or all object internals via some form of indirection. Most of the languages which support them do not have direct language syntax suppo...
<urn:uuid:260da9e6-884a-402f-959d-82bb2ca9818a>
3.578125
852
Comment Section
Software Dev.
44.919537
is a standard notation for describing quantum states in the theory of quantum mechanics composed of angle brackets (chevrons) and vertical bars . It can also be used to denote abstract vectors and linear functionals in pure mathematics . It is so called because the inner product (or dot product ) of two states is denot...
<urn:uuid:625ff2c5-ff41-44bc-8734-854cfc09291c>
3.34375
2,474
Knowledge Article
Science & Tech.
31.990668
EDITOR'S CHOICE IN DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY When a cell hits an obstacle, the actin filaments driving the membrane protrusion must reorganize and create additional branches to resist the pressure. Dan Fletcher at the University of California, Berkeley, and colleagues wanted to understand what effect that force has on the ...
<urn:uuid:5e9eb599-807f-44d2-b4cd-2c31996b7add>
3.453125
545
Truncated
Science & Tech.
35.368243
I’ve never really thought of how much water is on earth, especially compared to the size of the Earth. There’s so much I don’t think anyone can really fathom (har har) such a thing. Well, now you can. The image above is a representation of all the water on earth in sphere form, and it’s absolutely staggering. This pict...
<urn:uuid:c3b24b09-d35c-4139-a10d-8fbc6a9bcbce>
2.875
210
Personal Blog
Science & Tech.
60.192638
Technology Research Area: What is concentrated solar power, and what does it have to do with TVA's mission? TVA is committed to developing new, clean, efficient sources of power. Solar power is one of the most promising alternatives to fossil fuel. TVA has already added photovoltaic solar generation to its power mix an...
<urn:uuid:97c74e97-a5a6-489e-a473-0de19dac416c>
3.6875
448
Knowledge Article
Science & Tech.
30.664143
A scientist from the University of London has crowned the world's strongest insect after an experiment using some string, glue and a yoghurt pot. Dr Rob Knell and the paper's co-writer Professor Leigh Simmons from the University of Western Australia found that Onthophagus Taurus dung beetles could pull 1,141 times thei...
<urn:uuid:340e024b-f12c-4eba-aa60-82438e462644>
3.03125
171
Truncated
Science & Tech.
38.881736
5 Virtual Machines Note: we refer to pharo, but this applies also to squeak, because the mechanisms are the same. Even their VMs are 100% compatible when not exactly the same. When you run an instance of pharo, you are actually running a virtual machine, with the specified image passed as an argument. Pharo is made of ...
<urn:uuid:1f4e6576-4829-49b7-86a9-0ad2cf72469b>
2.6875
1,235
Documentation
Software Dev.
53.07798
Phormosoma placenta is a species of sea urchin in the order Echinothurioida. It is a deep water species, seldom being found at depths less than 500 metres (1,600 ft), and occurs on either side of the Atlantic Ocean on the continental slope. Phormosoma placenta is a yellowish-brown colour and can grow to a diameter of 1...
<urn:uuid:12aed83a-3183-49f3-9fb4-408e9a4bee71>
3.296875
1,087
Knowledge Article
Science & Tech.
60.511276
because char, signed char and unsigned char are different types and it's implementation defined whether char is signed or not. More specifically, the integer literal 0xff has type int, which is converted to char that, being signed in your compiler implementation, acquires the integer value -1. Then, in the expression "...
<urn:uuid:c77ca4da-2785-431a-92df-40dcc6e57a32>
3.859375
356
Comment Section
Software Dev.
59.610174
Section 8: Inflation and the Origin of Structure Figure 27: While the universe appears approximately uniform, we see varied and beautiful structure on smaller scales. Source: © NASA, ESA, and F. Paresce (INAPF-AIASF, Bologna, Italy). More info On the largest cosmological scales, the universe appears to be approximately...
<urn:uuid:341274d2-bd75-49df-b675-2e58feb000e0>
4.03125
1,281
Academic Writing
Science & Tech.
34.079726
Draw venn diagrams to ilustrate the following, then prove them. Any help will be much appreciated. Do you know what the diagrams look like when drawn (not mathematically proven)? If you draw two circles that overlap within your universal set, the parts that are common between the circles corresponding to A and B is A∩B...
<urn:uuid:df899c27-b16e-48c2-a521-3bd92699a5d7>
3.0625
295
Q&A Forum
Science & Tech.
70.832045
x:Code XAML Directive Element Allows placement of procedural code within a XAML page, which is to be compiled by any XAML reader implementation that compiles XAML as opposed to interpreting it. x:Class Attribute must also be provided on the parent element shown as object in the syntax, and that element must be the root...
<urn:uuid:844de6d4-a5b5-40bb-b4a1-b8cda3a5f805>
2.875
438
Documentation
Software Dev.
38.607549
How the cheetah got its stripes—a genetic tale Feral cats in Northern California have enabled researchers to unlock the biological secret behind a rare, striped cheetah found only in sub-Saharan Africa, according to researchers at the Stanford University ... Land management options outlined to address cheatgrass invasi...
<urn:uuid:8bb2b97f-d6cb-477a-b07c-a61c0dd272bd>
2.75
670
Content Listing
Science & Tech.
37.215992
When you study the motion of a rigid body you have $\vec\omega$, the vector associated to angular velocity. In the case you are using Euler angles and want a quick formula for the rotational kinetic ... I'm learning about angular velocity, momentum, etc. and how all the equations are parallel to linear equations such a...
<urn:uuid:403e117f-96bc-4e05-b532-e3e25fbe5556>
3.1875
125
Q&A Forum
Science & Tech.
51.191209
Synonyms: Limnobotrya montigena, Ribes lacustre var. molle, Ribes lentum, Ribes molle, Ribes nubigneum Alpine prickly currant blooming at Indian Springs Campground, Malheur National Forest..............July 1, 2010. Note the glandular upper surface of the leaves which differentiates this species from the similar prickl...
<urn:uuid:6b9abaaf-09ed-4eb6-ab90-1f621b3e429a>
2.71875
399
Knowledge Article
Science & Tech.
61.199756
From: Shynn Chris (email@example.com) Date: Tue May 01 2001 - 11:47:20 BST This paper investigates the principals of making a conscious robot and whether or not making a robot with a singular consciousness is feasible. It details a project at MIT which was aimed at making not a conscious robot but a robot which could i...
<urn:uuid:f8291b0c-5c71-4056-8819-af80ffd15999>
2.78125
3,875
Comment Section
Science & Tech.
39.0563
Learn more physics! What other experiments follow the same principle as the "Dunking Bird" Experiment? The Dunking Bird experiment works because the liquid in the bird separates two different areas of gas. Normally, these two areas have the same pressure. When you get the head of the bird wet this water will evaporate,...
<urn:uuid:34f6712b-a02d-4587-845d-269fc8c6c63d>
3.6875
279
Q&A Forum
Science & Tech.
67.262687
Experiments were also made with the dregs left after liquefied air had nearly entirely evaporated, and again with the same result; no increase in discharging power is produced by concentration of a possible radioactive constituent of the atmosphere. We have since found that the radium emanation withstands prolonged spa...
<urn:uuid:4a8366d3-c331-4a8e-b8cd-703270892f34>
3.03125
1,177
Academic Writing
Science & Tech.
46.605484
How Do Fossils Form? A fossil is remains or evidence of previous life preserved in the earth's surface. You have probably seen fossils at one time or another. It may have been a fossil of an ancient fern leaf or perhaps some prehistoric creature. It is exciting to look at something that lived millions of years ago. Tho...
<urn:uuid:5cc831db-8aa1-4ba1-bc7f-7d74368311bf>
3.90625
291
Tutorial
Science & Tech.
72.341751
Asteroid Fire Drill “This thing missed, but chances are, at this size, we will one day find an object headed for an impact,” says Binzel, a professor of planetary sciences in MIT’s Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences. “Depending on where it’s falling, you might need to know whether it’s going to sur...
<urn:uuid:5a1d7b38-1d40-4cfe-84d2-1e45c19f95a0>
3.625
1,087
Knowledge Article
Science & Tech.
40.344348
High Power and High Bandwidth in the Oceans The concept of a regional cabled ocean observatory--a system that would provide continuous high power and interactive real-time high-bandwidth data transfer to and from shore--began to be seriously explored by scientists at the University of Washington in the mid 1990s. This ...
<urn:uuid:ed2b184c-eeed-41c7-bc63-f902ca5832ab>
3.40625
1,042
Knowledge Article
Science & Tech.
20.821958
Magallania (Punta Arenas) On-line version ISSN 0718-2244 Earthquakes in Magallanes, southern Chile, are associated to the relative motions (smaller than 2 cm./y) of three plates: South-American, Antarctic and Scotia. Thus, the seismicity is low as compared with northern Chile where the Nazca and South-American plates c...
<urn:uuid:5e2bd80e-7087-4c8b-be5e-1eab7fa17bc9>
3.265625
203
Knowledge Article
Science & Tech.
46.212922
Propulsion in space is an extremely tricky affair, one that’s centred heavily on trade-offs. The engines we use to get into space are woefully inefficient due to the large amount of propellent that has to be taken along with them. The faster/further you want to go the more propellent you need which makes the rockets in...
<urn:uuid:c9da04bc-c309-4c8b-b7c8-7f95568f5913>
3.265625
954
Personal Blog
Science & Tech.
42.359231
We are all familiar with Trees, and we assume that pointers are an required evil needed for encoding the structure of a tree. Anyway, why do you need to spend 64bit pointers, when you can represent the structure with just few bits? Those ideas are not just theory, they are used in real implementation of Large Scale Tre...
<urn:uuid:cb368b56-a2c2-411b-98d9-26d4c80d8137>
3.421875
664
Personal Blog
Software Dev.
54.83343
According to a British study, wind farms do not pose a serious risk for open-country passerines. "The message on farmland specifically is that, so far, the evidence we have gathered shows that there is little effect on farmland birds," explained co-author Mark Whittingham, from Newcastle University's School of Biology....
<urn:uuid:40ad23e3-5e37-402e-8808-258aafe4c0da>
3.265625
298
Personal Blog
Science & Tech.
41.725074
1 When moist, warm air rises to a cooler elevation, water condenses onto microscopic “seeds” like dust, ash, or bacteria. Water + seeds + updraft = clouds. 2 If there’s more water vapor than places for it to condense, already-formed ice crystals can also serve as seeds. As the crystals take on moisture, they may become...
<urn:uuid:c0510dd7-c38d-45d6-95a0-b4f6af66a2fc>
3.734375
894
Listicle
Science & Tech.
60.256301
Complex number, polynomials, matrix, system of equation, Gaussian elimination, vector space, linear transformation, etc. T.M. Aposotol's Calculus Vol. 1 in the calculus sections also introduce topics that is relevant to this area. A few Americans (exchanged to Sydney) in my third year abstract algebra class told us the...
<urn:uuid:4883e424-8210-47e9-a5a1-b4d4a3e568f8>
2.890625
442
Personal Blog
Science & Tech.
69.964269
The sunset pictured here may look strange to you and me, but on Mars it's a rather common sight. A bluish hue radiates outward from the setting Sun, fading gradually before taking on a pinkish tinge. Strangely enough, that's more or less the exact opposite of what you'd expect to see during sunsets here on Earth, which...
<urn:uuid:cb48ff1c-2811-49b6-9b0f-4642b568ecc7>
4.09375
364
Truncated
Science & Tech.
49.15789
Near Earth Asteroid Rendezvous - Shoemaker Launch Date: February 17, 1996 Mission Project Home Page - http://near.jhuapl.edu/ The Near Earth Asteroid Rendezvous - Shoemaker (NEAR Shoemaker), named in honor of planetary scientist Gene Shoemaker, was designed to study the near Earth asteroid 433 Eros, one of the largest ...
<urn:uuid:37c964e8-9815-4121-9e74-02639aaf53a1>
3.421875
861
Knowledge Article
Science & Tech.
37.673267
Artificial coral growth speeds up post-El Nino recovery June 16, 2009 In 1998, El Nino brought excessive and prolonged heat to the Maldives, bleaching and killing 90 per cent of the nation’s corals, and in some atolls, damaging up to 98 per cent of reefs. The stress of that year’s oscillation left the normally tropical...
<urn:uuid:a769c28d-9bfc-465e-b423-24c2a3525f5d>
2.71875
157
Truncated
Science & Tech.
54.022201
Astronaut photograph ISS008-E-5983 was taken November 14, 2003, with a Kodak DCS760 digital camera equipped with an 80 mm lens and provided by the Earth Observations Laboratory, Johnson Space Center. The International Space Station Program supports the laboratory to help astronauts take pictures of Earth that will be o...
<urn:uuid:1afe7373-2fa0-4b19-835e-f5545594354d>
3.75
321
Knowledge Article
Science & Tech.
40.585769
The United States Wave Height image shows the expected wave height for coastal areas for the current day. Ocean surface waves are surface waves that occur in the upper layer of the ocean. They usually result from wind or geologic effects and may travel thousands of miles before striking land. They range in size from sm...
<urn:uuid:a66bd7da-553c-4d12-abb5-e8c156a03211>
4.5
353
Knowledge Article
Science & Tech.
37.755975
A library is more or less a set of tools meant to help you make games quicker. For example - reading XML files - getting access to OpenGL (LWJGL, JOGL) - handling game objects - handling game menus and UI - a full game engine With a game engine you don't have to code so much since the engine handles most of it. You pre...
<urn:uuid:e4f452ef-d244-4807-95e5-f8db2dd32336>
2.703125
612
Comment Section
Software Dev.
54.055928
|Oracle8i Application Developer's Guide - XML Release 3 (8.1.7) Part Number A86030-01 An XML Primer, 8 of 9 Why Use XML? XML, the internet standard for information exchange is useful for the following reasons: - Solves Data Interchange Problems. It facilitates efficient data communication where the data: - Is in many d...
<urn:uuid:6c8580d9-de40-4445-8c21-ff72eec68ffc>
2.953125
496
Documentation
Software Dev.
28.310039
. "5 Impacts in the Next Few Decades and Coming Centuries." Climate Stabilization Targets: Emissions, Concentrations, and Impacts over Decades to Millennia. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2011. The following HTML text is provided to enhance online readability. Many aspects of typography translate only aw...
<urn:uuid:66e2fff2-ae20-41d2-ba93-b913cfcb3884>
3.21875
623
Truncated
Science & Tech.
23.196364
Science highlights from Cassini's 10 years in space NASA's Cassini spacecraft to Saturn, the most complex spacecraft ever sent to another planet, launched 10 years ago today, on 15 October 1997. It has had a highly successful mission, together with the European Space Agency's Huygens probe, which landed on Saturn's moo...
<urn:uuid:0bb7d3a6-eb7b-4ba9-906d-de6fe3ef42f4>
3.3125
1,296
Personal Blog
Science & Tech.
57.981805
Classical optics holds that the extinction cross of particles should be equal to twice their geometric cross section, in the limit where the particles are much larger than the wavelength. It follows that the extinction coefficient of such large scatterers should be independent of wavelength. Snowflakes are much larger ...
<urn:uuid:abd534af-4d97-4b10-9f76-ce426929dc07>
2.921875
265
Academic Writing
Science & Tech.
39.52367
Nuclear weapons – largest and most devastating Nuclear weapons are the most powerful weapons ever invented. The devastating effects from nuclear bombs emanate from the forces that keep atomic nuclei together. There are two main types of nuclear weapons: Fission bombs, where energy is released through splitting of heavy...
<urn:uuid:22d4c43d-86d2-4adc-95b0-77f64b816cb8>
4.125
2,152
Knowledge Article
Science & Tech.
43.486056
Science Fair Project Encyclopedia Placodermi - extinct Chondrichthyes (cartilaginous fish) Acanthodii - extinct Actinopterygii (ray-finned fish) Vertebrata is a subphylum of chordates, specifically, those with backbones or spinal columns. The bones of the spinal column (or vertebral column) are called vertebrae. Verteb...
<urn:uuid:86a443e3-b15d-48ed-b291-91f652cdc07e>
4.1875
733
Knowledge Article
Science & Tech.
37.944094
I am sure that you have come across strange physics or astronomy symbols, or chemical elements, and wondered what they meant? Now you will be able to find the answer more easily thanks to two fantastic new web resources. Scientists and astronomers use many strange symbols to define various phenomena. To help demystify ...
<urn:uuid:acd5ebe8-c763-4d67-8c1f-9986e7028d60>
3.15625
198
Personal Blog
Science & Tech.
30.670627
It is quite easy to add new built-in modules to Python, if you know how to program in C. Such extension modules can do two things that can't be done directly in Python: they can implement new built-in object types, and they can call C library functions and system calls. To support extensions, the Python API (Applicatio...
<urn:uuid:483a6383-e910-4aaa-8c6d-c3230a5be58f>
2.84375
142
Documentation
Software Dev.
40.32
Structural Color in the Little Blue Penguin How do birds get their color? Light absorption by pigments is one way color can be produced. Bird feathers have pigments like melanins and carotenoids – we even have evidence for color in the fossil penguin Inkayacu from fossilized melanin-bearing structures. Color can also b...
<urn:uuid:f9dedbf0-8666-489e-9fa5-bff602e16e27>
4.03125
413
Academic Writing
Science & Tech.
35.067655
The BBC has created a very, very large infographic titled “How Big Is Our Solar System?” Scroll down (which is a little odd) and it will take you from the surface of earth to the far reaches of space. It’s similar to a couple of other infographics: Scroll to see the ocean’s deepest depths is an interactive infographic ...
<urn:uuid:da710548-2c88-41ac-85d8-a2ba8be76fa3>
3.296875
142
Personal Blog
Science & Tech.
52.447946
We misspelled a number of elements in the periodic table printed in part VI of the Science Course supplement distributed with the paper on May 1. We meant Iron (not Irone); Praseodymium (not Praseodynium); Neodymium (not Neodynium); Neptunium (not Neptuniam); Americium (not Americum); Seaborgium (not Seoborgium); and D...
<urn:uuid:96caf0fb-b3ab-43ab-8515-579ab0971224>
2.6875
322
Personal Blog
Science & Tech.
39.740647
One of the perplexing questions people ask in the origin of Life is how did such complexity ever evolve from a simple broth of chemicals in the prebiotic world. The first person to ever attempt to try to answer it was Harold Urey and Stanley Miller who created a chemical soup of ammonia (reduced Nitrogen), methane (red...
<urn:uuid:de759799-956e-4261-ae04-08cca4b01cfd>
3.609375
1,359
Personal Blog
Science & Tech.
34.428963
When 50mL of water are added to 50mL of ethanol in a 100mL graduated cylinder, there are only ~97mL of liquid. Ethanol and water molecules are attracted to each other through hydrogen bonding. The two molecules pack closer together with each other than they do with just themselves. In this “trash-to-treasure” activity,...
<urn:uuid:a8f4bf59-7bf7-4576-bd6f-f26e28fdd906>
3.828125
1,310
Content Listing
Science & Tech.
54.237539
Using The Poster Click on image to enlarge. Photocopy the black-and-white poster image and distribute copies to your students. For an enlarged view, download the PDF version of the poster tiled into 6 sections; print the 6 pages of the PDF document on standard letter-sized paper, trim the margins, and tape together in ...
<urn:uuid:88ba60f8-14b7-4a7b-b6bf-f6d92ec549c3>
4.625
507
Tutorial
Science & Tech.
45.298302
Image by phil_g via Flickr People who want to be a website developer and learn the PHP programming language believe that they can just jump into it and learn it right away. The problem is learning PHP programming language is like learning any other type of language and it can be difficult to pick up, especially if you ...
<urn:uuid:71e2605d-6660-47e6-ab3d-95509babb157>
2.78125
305
Tutorial
Software Dev.
51.851501
Formation of Clouds Clouds are formed when air containing water vapor is cooled below a critical temperature called the dew point and the resulting moisture condenses into droplets on microscopic dust particles (condensation nuclei) in the atmosphere. The air is normally cooled by expansion during its upward movement. ...
<urn:uuid:d330ad37-d521-4ac1-bf3a-6d08212860fe>
4.21875
176
Knowledge Article
Science & Tech.
25.604694
How Santa deals with the challenge of the Travelling Salesman Problem THAT’S MATHS:In the course of a single night, Santa Claus has a billion homes to visit. To ensure that every child gets a gift, he needs to pick a smart route. How does he do it? His challenge is called the Travelling Salesman Problem, or TSP. Suppos...
<urn:uuid:b77de6fd-f193-4b42-9d5e-672818912935>
3.515625
658
Nonfiction Writing
Science & Tech.
61.198632
The following HTML text is provided to enhance online readability. Many aspects of typography translate only awkwardly to HTML. Please use the page image as the authoritative form to ensure accuracy. Advancing the Science of Climate Change modeling, scientists have deduced that the ice ages were initiated by small recu...
<urn:uuid:e621ce68-9573-4e1f-be45-30eb1793ad6c>
3.8125
404
Truncated
Science & Tech.
52.333597
Space as a reference point Date: 1993 - 1999 I would like to know if the black part is gas and could be a reference poi for finding objects in motion By the black part, I mean outer space. The density of gas in most of nearby space is about one atom or ion per cubic meter, so it is very low density. We do not need to h...
<urn:uuid:dcbfed9d-66cd-4609-823a-60ecc1cc410a>
2.875
154
Audio Transcript
Science & Tech.
53.820929
These energy packets are called photons and its interaction with mass is what we call light, so there is no such thing as light as is, just the interaction of the photons with mass. that effect is broken down into different forms of interaction, and the light we see is only a small part of that. So my point is this... ...
<urn:uuid:349b7650-61c7-4b9a-8497-f89a52b230c0>
2.859375
383
Comment Section
Science & Tech.
66.10503
Explanation: Today's solstice, the astronomical beginning of summer in the north, is at 23:09 UT when the Sun reaches the northernmost declination in its yearly trek through planet Earth's sky. While most in the northern hemisphere will experience the longest day of the year, for some the Sun won't set at all, still st...
<urn:uuid:19a20aba-af63-42ce-aa64-274fbcec28e9>
3.6875
197
Comment Section
Science & Tech.
54.356111
We are at a stage in time where we desperately need to find a viable alternative source of energy to replace our dependence on fossil fuel. We always read articles regarding the major problems we are facing because of global warming. Many think that alternative energy should be focused on the development of wind and so...
<urn:uuid:d3d4ffb7-b3d4-4ef3-beac-2df39fcf4742>
2.9375
224
Personal Blog
Science & Tech.
42.826524
Skip to Main Content Your organization might have access to this article on the publisher's site. To check, click on this link:http://dx.doi.org/+10.1063/1.4740512 A diagnostic technique based on the Cherenkov effect is proposed for detection and characterization of fast (super-thermal and runaway) electrons in fusion ...
<urn:uuid:e0641cbb-1a57-4b99-bde0-e737abdcc80f>
2.734375
228
Truncated
Science & Tech.
34.51832
Short Data Type (Visual Basic) Holds signed 16-bit (2-byte) integers that range in value from -32,768 through 32,767. Use the Short data type to contain integer values that do not require the full data width of Integer. In some cases, the common language runtime can pack your Short variables closely together and save m...
<urn:uuid:e6957085-ebef-4468-9d5f-63e8d63947ed>
3.4375
176
Documentation
Software Dev.
53.330468
What will they think of next? First, there was the brain-computer interface for controlling Second Life avatars, and yesterday I mentioned a gig in which the music is controlled by the audience’s brainwaves. Now, researchers from Austria and Slovenia have developed a device called Brainloop, which can be used to naviga...
<urn:uuid:4761c6ab-698d-4d0d-82de-a85ed3fde2e9>
2.859375
411
Personal Blog
Science & Tech.
21.088848
- BirdLife. Red Data Book - Threatened Birds of Asia. Accessed July 11th, 2007. - World Bank. Philippines Environment. Accessed July 11th, 2007. - WWF. 2004. The Sulu-Sulawesi Marine Ecoregion - Cradle of Life. Accessed July 11th, 2007. Environmental problems in the Philippines Saving precious remains Fishers in the Ph...
<urn:uuid:a29ef4e4-a285-455d-b549-bc3472b9b942>
3.125
592
Knowledge Article
Science & Tech.
29.421224
Images of an ultracold gas of potassium-40 atoms. Since each atom is composed of an odd number of particles, they are classified as fermions--objects which have values of a quantity known as spin in multiples of 1/2. One of the two types of matter found in nature, fermions have many specific properties. Many of the bui...
<urn:uuid:946cd66e-1257-4c1e-831a-8d205bc8228b>
3.828125
452
Knowledge Article
Science & Tech.
48.939782
Puerto Rico is Listening Puerto Rico Coast. |The SETI team searches for radio frequencies, using large telescopes such as the Arecibo Observatory, Credit: David Parker / Science Photo Library At first glance, Puerto Rico seems a strange place to eye the sky. A tilted block of land guarding the eastern end of the Greate...
<urn:uuid:83d5ecc3-0d01-4d53-8524-704acd301876>
3.65625
1,021
Personal Blog
Science & Tech.
47.431575
Huge Coral Reefs Discovered off Puerto Rico A new discovery of thriving coral reefs off the coast of Puerto Rico may offer hope for other shallower reefs. Scuba diving scientists discovered sprawling and diverse coral reefs at 100 to 500 feet (30 to 150 meters) below the ocean surface within a 12-mile (19-kilometer) sp...
<urn:uuid:a924b067-739d-45e9-9f57-30c0888fa3ff>
3.703125
327
Truncated
Science & Tech.
30.133853
Direct routing allows one task to send messages to another through a TCP link, avoiding the overhead of forwarding through the pvmds. It is implemented entirely in libpvm, using the notify and control message facilities. By default, a task routes messages to its pvmd, which forwards them on. If direct routing is enable...
<urn:uuid:09a0a107-ce1a-4f63-a5eb-304f9de6df04>
3.125
608
Documentation
Software Dev.
47.67367
ALIVE, ALIVE-O! Inverclyde council in Scotland is proud of the bird life to be found in the inner Clyde estuary, which has been designated a site of special scientific interest. The council devotes a page of its website to the birds that live there or pass through. The Clyde, it tells us, is the most northerly of the l...
<urn:uuid:567ce394-8cba-4656-a917-32169e96d378>
3.140625
230
Truncated
Science & Tech.
57.233297
HANDS up if you think the "invisibility cloaks" produced recently lack a certain practicality. Then you might be pleased to hear that ideas originally applied to creating them could now have a more down-to-earth application: shielding coastlines from destructive waves. By scaling up notions from semiconductor physics a...
<urn:uuid:c0812619-8724-41ba-852b-b8ffc6e4dad8>
3.171875
227
Truncated
Science & Tech.
31.6013
Amphibians in Winter Mammals are not the only animals to use hibernation as a way to survive winter. Amphibians, like frogs and salamanders, have evolved with some very unique ways of surviving the cold. Many amphibians will spend the time underwater or, like salamanders, go deep underground in tunnels made by small ma...
<urn:uuid:cefc8076-0129-4dd6-9244-12a3ac30f334>
3.59375
192
Knowledge Article
Science & Tech.
46.270968
The specific intensities of nonparallel light in the direction of a stellar source, such as the sun, resulting from multiple scattering and diffuse ground reflection of a unit flux of parallel radiation incident on a plane parallel, Rayleigh atmosphere, equivalent to the Earth’s atmosphere in composition and density, a...
<urn:uuid:2c110de6-c475-41f7-90d9-eef19865d9fc>
2.8125
327
Academic Writing
Science & Tech.
30.368729
Comments on snowflakes The earliest preserved illustration of snowflakes is by Olaus Magnus in 1555. Others interested in snowflakes were Descartes (in Discours de la Methode, 1635) and Leuwenhoek (and there were, and are many more). It seems that at present there is no accepted explanation why many snowflakes have a v...
<urn:uuid:caf28e5a-4d11-481c-9703-02173e1296d0>
3.4375
318
Knowledge Article
Science & Tech.
55.966483
PhysClips: The Foucault Pendulum Relations Physics Front Related Resources This is the full set of PhysClip tutorials relating to Newton's Laws and force interactions. This interactive tutorial explains how a Foucault Pendulum is used to demonstrate the Earth's rotation. It is appropriate for middle school physical sci...
<urn:uuid:d2216d12-ed7e-421a-9c8e-95012afb6041>
3.28125
76
Content Listing
Science & Tech.
33.192105
should array index start at 0 or 1? the eminent computer scientist Edsger W Dijkstra (EWD) thinks it should start at 0. See: 〔Why numbering should start at zero By Edsger W Dijkstra. @ www.cs.utexas.edu…〕. But it's not really convincing. those starting at 1 include: FORTRAN, SASL, MATLAB, Smalltalk, Lua, Julia, Mathema...
<urn:uuid:4e0a6183-a7a0-4334-b571-e51726f034ee>
2.953125
417
Q&A Forum
Software Dev.
87.32736
Science Fair Project Encyclopedia Jöns Jakob Berzelius Jöns Jakob Berzelius (August 20, 1779 - August 7, 1848) was a Swedish chemist, who invented modern chemical notation and is considered one of the fathers of modern chemistry (along with John Dalton and Antoine Lavoisier). Berzelius discovered the elements silicon, ...
<urn:uuid:2bf56400-a15e-416a-8fc0-f9c99ca8fcf9>
3.6875
512
Knowledge Article
Science & Tech.
38.604419
|Home · All Classes · Main Classes · Deprecated| A gesture is a high-level event that represents a series of user input. Qt and MeeGo Touch support the following gestures: Press, drag, release Press (with two fingers), move fingers on surface, Press, quick drag and release Tap and hold As a gesture is merely an interpr...
<urn:uuid:a46cea14-414d-430d-a5b7-f8bc77b80b3d>
3.046875
732
Documentation
Software Dev.
23.561396
A giant impact from an asteroid or comet can ruin your whole day. Or year. Or, if you’re a dinosaur, your existence. So astronomers do what they can to understand this menace from space. We look for rocks on orbits that intersect ours, we think about ways of moving them out of the way should we find one, and we also th...
<urn:uuid:aae3c6ad-cb86-45b3-93de-819cbd773f6b>
4.09375
341
Personal Blog
Science & Tech.
59.436494
1. CJM 2007 (vol 59 pp. 1008) |Ideas from Zariski Topology in the Study of Cubical Homology | Cubical sets and their homology have been used in dynamical systems as well as in digital imaging. We take a fresh look at this topic, following Zariski ideas from algebraic geometry. The cubical topology is defined to be a to...
<urn:uuid:cb94b961-48fa-499a-80a5-dec465b18b75>
2.734375
272
Academic Writing
Science & Tech.
40.140024
Nature has a special issue on Earth monitoring out tonight. Nearly fifty years ago —things were up and running by March 1958 — Charles Keeling and colleagues began a series of measurements of atmospheric CO2 on Mauna Loa in Hawaii. The results, made graphic in the jagged ‘Keeling curve’ running across this week’s cover...
<urn:uuid:aa2f7bca-2ca3-4c31-baef-32a16aead6ea>
3.1875
853
Personal Blog
Science & Tech.
27.098651
Boffins have reconstructed how a 47-million-year-old moth fossil looked while alive: a psychedelically-coloured insect whose wings both camouflaged it and warned away predators. fossil_moth An artist's impression of the original colours of the moth. Credit: McNamara, ME et al. PLoS Biology The moth once had yellow, gre...
<urn:uuid:9723b9b1-33a8-408b-911c-0e9bf2bf5c80>
3.203125
299
Comment Section
Science & Tech.
62.653554
This post assumes familiarity with some basic concepts in abstract algebra, specifically the terminology of field extensions, and the classical results in Galois theory and group theory. The fundamental theorem of algebra has quite a few number of proofs (enough to fill a book!). In fact, it seems a new tool in mathema...
<urn:uuid:efcdf7d2-ef71-4db2-a361-5d5275b467cf>
2.890625
704
Personal Blog
Science & Tech.
47.926427
Fire’s been part of the Australian ecosystem for probably about 30 million years. It’s been a long time and it’s gone hand in hand in the development of our unique fauna and flora. So our eucalypts, our acacia flora for example, basically started to spread across the continent when fire became more common. The dry fore...
<urn:uuid:5aa2485d-34ce-4cbd-bd88-b3118726db08>
3.59375
459
Audio Transcript
Science & Tech.
36.501739
Threats to Sharks Despite their superior physiology and hunting skills, many shark species are now threatened with extinction due to human fishing. The main threats to sharks are over-fishing and accidental bycatch. In many parts of the world, sharks are in very high demand, for their meat, skin and cartilage, which is...
<urn:uuid:fc55d62d-3fda-4f0a-8c69-295ba00be188>
3.546875
494
Knowledge Article
Science & Tech.
46.200195
Learn more physics! Do (or can) anti-protons form nuclei and has this ever been done. Does (or would) the strong nuclear force hold the anti-protons together? - Mike Strobach (age 48) The answer is yes. Anti-deuterons, which consist of an anti-proton and an anti-neutron, were first observed in 1965 by a group from Colu...
<urn:uuid:197f0450-0c47-4bdf-87ff-b1e84ee14d8a>
2.6875
151
Q&A Forum
Science & Tech.
77.42519
New tools to measure carbon caught in windbreak trees Trees are great! That's pretty much a given in the green world, but scientists haven't - until now, been able to asses how well they work as windbreaks in agriculture, improving yields and storing carbon. American farmers already use windbreaks. They take up a small...
<urn:uuid:20d2905e-ac2e-44c0-9948-f7bf5722d0bf>
3.734375
255
Truncated
Science & Tech.
36.800434
Purpose: To compare the amount of Carbon Dioxide (CO2) in four different sources of gases. (Enough for each team of two or four students) 5 vials or test tubes A graduated cylinder A funnel straw A marble-size piece of modeling clay 4 different colored balloons A narrow-necked bottle (the neck should be narrow enough f...
<urn:uuid:d8da42a5-f267-4efa-b00b-3bb13f631a5b>
3.75
1,312
Tutorial
Science & Tech.
64.324402
Solar Power from Satellites The sun powers the biosphere, which is to say that the energy used by almost all plants and animals comes from the sun. So why not use solar energy to power industry, transportation, and the home as well? Well, a principal difficulty with solar power is that the sun doesn't always shine on a...
<urn:uuid:a548f51f-5a94-42ac-8994-fedef7b3f7a2>
3.953125
737
Knowledge Article
Science & Tech.
40.817727
The following story is contributed by the Florida Museum of Natural History, one of Natural History magazine’s Museum Partners. Members of any of our partner organizations receive Natural History as a benefit of their museum membership. At the Florida Museum of Natural History, visitors may enjoy hundreds of exotic but...
<urn:uuid:1774e5be-5287-4548-8d0a-6ca69620c90c>
3.140625
1,158
Truncated
Science & Tech.
26.52697
I'm confused, a negative number with an exponent (exponentiation), will first have the exponent evaluated, and then have the opposite applied, ie. -2^2 = -4 However, if the negative number is enclosed with parentheses, (-2)^2, that indicates (-2) x (-2) = 4 So my question, when finding points for graphing a parabola, i...
<urn:uuid:138a3b8c-0e08-4469-bb26-c402c28f464a>
3.5
209
Q&A Forum
Science & Tech.
60.363333
Deterministic Quantum-State Teleportation Achieved With High Fidelity Teleportation, the transfer of quantum states between widely separated atoms, was achieved by different research teams in Austria and the United States. (From Teleportation Setup) ...it has been shown that the entangling properties of quantum mechani...
<urn:uuid:522b40c2-3cab-4d70-9f5e-53faa2252832>
2.921875
1,070
Content Listing
Science & Tech.
45.27637
diagram on the right is a simplified version of the pathways, transformations, and chemical species in a marine mat sulfur cycle. Thickness of the arrow depicts relative abundance. 1) Sulfate that diffuses into a mat is reduced to hydrogen sulfide (H2S) by sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB). 2) Some sulfate is assimilated...
<urn:uuid:8cd67a53-f7af-40d2-a4a4-36a90e23a819>
3.421875
213
Knowledge Article
Science & Tech.
37.657308
In 2012, a survey by the Chesapeake Bay Program found the Bay had 48,191 acres of submerged aquatic vegitation (SAV), or underwater grasses,down from the 72,935 acres estimated by data gathered in 2004. This is just 26 percent of the 185,000-acre goal for the Bay and its tidal tributaries, down from 39 percent in 2004....
<urn:uuid:d2cfb1ec-5ce8-42aa-b1a9-a7b5f7b22f28>
3.46875
204
Knowledge Article
Science & Tech.
64.163642
An INSERT statement creates a row or rows and stores them in the named table. The number of values assigned in an INSERT statement must be the same as the number of specified or implied columns. Whenever you insert into a table which has generated columns, Derby calculates the values of those columns. INSERT INTO table...
<urn:uuid:d42cb93c-77c4-4cc6-b091-453ff7029eac>
2.734375
873
Documentation
Software Dev.
27.515431