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20231101.en_13201685_51 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart%20grid | Smart grid | The generation of renewable energy can often be connected at the distribution level, instead of the transmission grids, which means that DSO's can manage the flows and distribute power locally. This brings new opportunity for DSO's to expand their market by selling energy directly to the consumer. Simultaneously, this ... | [
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20231101.en_13201685_52 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart%20grid | Smart grid | Wind and solar power are variable renewable energy sources that aren't as consistent as base load energy and a combined cycle hydrogen power plant could help renewables by capturing excess energy, with electrolysis, when they produce to much and fill the gaps with that energy when they aren't producing as much. | [
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20231101.en_13201685_53 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart%20grid | Smart grid | IntelliGrid – Created by the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI), IntelliGrid architecture provides methodology, tools, and recommendations for standards and technologies for utility use in planning, specifying, and procuring IT-based systems, such as advanced metering, distribution automation, and demand response... | [
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20231101.en_13201685_54 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart%20grid | Smart grid | Grid 2030 – Grid 2030 is a joint vision statement for the U.S. electrical system developed by the electric utility industry, equipment manufacturers, information technology providers, federal and state government agencies, interest groups, universities, and national laboratories. It covers generation, transmission, dis... | [
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20231101.en_13201685_55 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart%20grid | Smart grid | Modern Grid Initiative (MGI) is a collaborative effort between the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), the National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL), utilities, consumers, researchers, and other grid stakeholders to modernize and integrate the U.S. electrical grid. DOE's Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliab... | [
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20231101.en_13201685_56 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart%20grid | Smart grid | GridWise – A DOE OE program focused on developing information technology to modernize the U.S. electrical grid. Working with the GridWise Alliance, the program invests in communications architecture and standards; simulation and analysis tools; smart technologies; test beds and demonstration projects; and new regulator... | [
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20231101.en_13201685_57 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart%20grid | Smart grid | GridWise Architecture Council (GWAC) was formed by the U.S. Department of Energy to promote and enable interoperability among the many entities that interact with the nation's electric power system. The GWAC members are a balanced and respected team representing the many constituencies of the electricity supply chain a... | [
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20231101.en_13201685_58 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart%20grid | Smart grid | GridWorks – A DOE OE program focused on improving the reliability of the electric system through modernizing key grid components such as cables and conductors, substations and protective systems, and power electronics. The program's focus includes coordinating efforts on high temperature superconducting systems, transm... | [
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20231101.en_13201685_59 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart%20grid | Smart grid | Pacific Northwest Smart Grid Demonstration Project. - This project is a demonstration across five Pacific Northwest states-Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Washington, and Wyoming. It involves about 60,000 metered customers, and contains many key functions of the future smart grid. | [
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20231101.en_13201685_60 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart%20grid | Smart grid | Solar Cities - In Australia, the Solar Cities programme included close collaboration with energy companies to trial smart meters, peak and off-peak pricing, remote switching and related efforts. It also provided some limited funding for grid upgrades. | [
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20231101.en_13201685_61 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart%20grid | Smart grid | Smart Grid Energy Research Center (SMERC) - Located at University of California, Los Angeles dedicated its efforts to large-scale testing of its smart EV charging network technology. It created another platform for bidirectional flow of information between a utility and consumer end-devices. SMERC also developed a dema... | [
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20231101.en_13201685_62 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart%20grid | Smart grid | Smart Quart - In Germany, the Smart Quart project develops three smart districts to develop, test and showcase technology to operate smart grids. The project is a collaboration of E.ON, Viessmann, gridX and hydrogenious together with the RWTH Aachen University. It is planned that by the end of 2024 all three districts ... | [
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20231101.en_13201685_63 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart%20grid | Smart grid | Many different concepts have been used to model intelligent power grids. They are generally studied within the framework of complex systems. In a recent brainstorming session, the power grid was considered within the context of optimal control, ecology, human cognition, glassy dynamics, information theory, microphysics... | [
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20231101.en_13201685_64 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart%20grid | Smart grid | Pelqim Spahiu and Ian R. Evans in their study introduced the concept of a substation based smart protection and hybrid Inspection Unit. | [
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20231101.en_13201685_65 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart%20grid | Smart grid | The Kuramoto model is a well-studied system. The power grid has been described in this context as well. The goal is to keep the system in balance, or to maintain phase synchronization (also known as phase locking). Non-uniform oscillators also help to model different technologies, different types of power generators, p... | [
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20231101.en_13201685_66 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart%20grid | Smart grid | Network Simulators are used to simulate/emulate network communication effects. This typically involves setting up a lab with the smart grid devices, applications etc. with the virtual network being provided by the network simulator. | [
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20231101.en_13201685_67 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart%20grid | Smart grid | Neural networks have been considered for power grid management as well. Electric power systems can be classified in multiple different ways: non-linear, dynamic, discrete, or random. Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) attempt to solve the most difficult of these problems, the non-linear problems. | [
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20231101.en_13201685_68 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart%20grid | Smart grid | One application of ANNs is in demand forecasting. In order for grids to operate economically and reliably, demand forecasting is essential, because it is used to predict the amount of power that will be consumed by the load. This is dependent on weather conditions, type of day, random events, incidents, etc. For non-li... | [
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20231101.en_13201685_69 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart%20grid | Smart grid | As wind power continues to gain popularity, it becomes a necessary ingredient in realistic power grid studies. Off-line storage, wind variability, supply, demand, pricing, and other factors can be modelled as a mathematical game. Here the goal is to develop a winning strategy. Markov processes have been used to model a... | [
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20231101.en_13201685_70 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart%20grid | Smart grid | In 2009, the US smart grid industry was valued at about $21.4 billion – by 2014, it will exceed at least $42.8 billion. Given the success of the smart grids in the U.S., the world market is expected to grow at a faster rate, surging from $69.3 billion in 2009 to $171.4 billion by 2014. With the segments set to benefit ... | [
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20231101.en_13201685_71 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart%20grid | Smart grid | A 2011 study from the Electric Power Research Institute concludes that investment in a U.S. smart grid will cost up to $476 billion over 20 years but will provide up to $2 trillion in customer benefits over that time. In 2015, the World Economic Forum reported a transformational investment of more than $7.6 trillion by... | [
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20231101.en_13201685_72 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart%20grid | Smart grid | As customers can choose their electricity suppliers, depending on their different tariff methods, the focus of transportation costs will be increased. Reduction of maintenance and replacements costs will stimulate more advanced control. | [
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20231101.en_13201685_73 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart%20grid | Smart grid | A smart grid precisely limits electrical power down to the residential level, network small-scale distributed energy generation and storage devices, communicate information on operating status and needs, collect information on prices and grid conditions, and move the grid beyond central control to a collaborative netwo... | [
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20231101.en_13201685_74 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart%20grid | Smart grid | A 2003 United States Department of Energy study calculated that internal modernization of US grids with smart grid capabilities would save between 46 and 117 billion dollars over the next 20 years if implemented within a few years of the study. As well as these industrial modernization benefits, smart grid features cou... | [
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20231101.en_13201685_75 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart%20grid | Smart grid | One important question is whether consumers will act in response to market signals. The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) as part of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act Smart Grid Investment Grant and Demonstrations Program funded special consumer behavior studies to examine the acceptance, retention, and response... | [
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20231101.en_13201685_76 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart%20grid | Smart grid | Another concern is that the cost of telecommunications to fully support smart grids may be prohibitive. A less expensive communication mechanism is proposed using a form of "dynamic demand management" where devices shave peaks by shifting their loads in reaction to grid frequency. Grid frequency could be used to commun... | [
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20231101.en_13201685_77 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart%20grid | Smart grid | Although there are specific and proven smart grid technologies in use, smart grid is an aggregate term for a set of related technologies on which a specification is generally agreed, rather than a name for a specific technology. Some of the benefits of such a modernized electricity network include the ability to reduce... | [
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20231101.en_13201685_78 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart%20grid | Smart grid | Most opposition and concerns have centered on smart meters and the items (such as remote control, remote disconnect, and variable rate pricing) enabled by them. Where opposition to smart meters is encountered, they are often marketed as "smart grid" which connects smart grid to smart meters in the eyes of opponents. ... | [
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20231101.en_13201685_79 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart%20grid | Smart grid | concern that complex rate systems (e.g. variable rates) remove clarity and accountability, allowing the supplier to take advantage of the customer | [
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20231101.en_13201685_80 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart%20grid | Smart grid | While modernization of electrical grids into smart grids allows for optimization of everyday processes, a smart grid, being online, can be vulnerable to cyberattacks. Transformers which increase the voltage of electricity created at power plants for long-distance travel, transmission lines themselves, and distribution ... | [
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20231101.en_13201685_81 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart%20grid | Smart grid | Electricity theft is a concern in the U.S. where the smart meters being deployed use RF technology to communicate with the electricity transmission network. People with knowledge of electronics can devise interference devices to cause the smart meter to report lower than actual usage. Similarly, the same technology ca... | [
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20231101.en_13201685_82 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart%20grid | Smart grid | The damage from a well-executed, sizable cyberattack could be extensive and long-lasting. One incapacitated substation could take from nine days to over a year to repair, depending on the nature of the attack. It can also cause an hours-long outage in a small radius. It could have an immediate effect on transportation ... | [
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20231101.en_13201685_83 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart%20grid | Smart grid | The December 2015 Ukraine power grid cyberattack, the first recorded of its kind, disrupted services to nearly a quarter of a million people by bringing substations offline. The Council on Foreign Relations has noted that states are most likely to be the perpetrators of such an attack as they have access to the resourc... | [
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20231101.en_13201685_84 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart%20grid | Smart grid | According to the U.S. House of Representatives Subcommittee on Economic Development, Public Buildings, and Emergency Management, the electric grid has already seen a sizable number of cyber intrusions, with two in every five aiming to incapacitate it. As such, the U.S. Department of Energy has prioritized research and ... | [
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20231101.en_13201685_85 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart%20grid | Smart grid | Some experts argue that the first step to increasing the cyber defenses of the smart electric grid is completing a comprehensive risk analysis of existing infrastructure, including research of software, hardware, and communication processes. Additionally, as intrusions themselves can provide valuable information, it co... | [
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20231101.en_13201685_86 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart%20grid | Smart grid | Other solutions include utilizing transmission substations, constrained SCADA networks, policy based data sharing, and attestation for constrained smart meters. | [
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20231101.en_13201685_87 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart%20grid | Smart grid | Transmission substations utilize one-time signature authentication technologies and one-way hash chain constructs. These constraints have since been remedied with the creation of a fast-signing and verification technology and buffering-free data processing. | [
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20231101.en_13201685_88 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart%20grid | Smart grid | A similar solution has been constructed for constrained SCADA networks. This involves applying a Hash-Based Message Authentication Code to byte streams, converting the random-error detection available on legacy systems to a mechanism that guarantees data authenticity. | [
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20231101.en_13201685_89 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart%20grid | Smart grid | Policy-based data sharing utilizes GPS-clock-synchronized-fine-grain power grid measurements to provide increased grid stability and reliability. It does this through synchro-phasor requirements that are gathered by PMUs. | [
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20231101.en_13201685_90 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart%20grid | Smart grid | Attestation for constrained smart meters faces a slightly different challenge, however. One of the biggest issues with attestation for constrained smart meters is that in order to prevent energy theft, and similar attacks, cyber security providers have to make sure that the devices' software is authentic. To combat thi... | [
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20231101.en_13201685_91 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart%20grid | Smart grid | Before a utility installs an advanced metering system, or any type of smart system, it must make a business case for the investment. Some components, like the power system stabilizers (PSS) installed on generators are very expensive, require complex integration in the grid's control system, are needed only during emer... | [
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20231101.en_13201685_92 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart%20grid | Smart grid | Some features of smart grids draw opposition from industries that currently are, or hope to provide similar services. An example is competition with cable and DSL Internet providers from broadband over powerline internet access. Providers of SCADA control systems for grids have intentionally designed proprietary hardwa... | [
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20231101.en_13201685_93 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart%20grid | Smart grid | The incorporation of digital communications and computer infrastructure with the grid's existing physical infrastructure poses challenges and inherent vulnerabilities. According to IEEE Security and Privacy Magazine, the smart grid will require that people develop and use large computer and communication infrastructure... | [
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20231101.en_13201685_94 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart%20grid | Smart grid | Various "smart grid" systems have dual functions. This includes Advanced Metering Infrastructure systems which, when used with various software can be used to detect power theft and by process of elimination, detect where equipment failures have taken place. These are in addition to their primary functions of eliminat... | [
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20231101.en_13201685_95 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart%20grid | Smart grid | The worldwide power loss including theft is estimated at approximately two-hundred billion dollars annually. | [
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20231101.en_13201685_96 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart%20grid | Smart grid | Electricity theft also represents a major challenge when providing reliable electrical service in developing countries. | [
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20231101.en_13201685_97 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart%20grid | Smart grid | The earliest, and one of the largest, example of a smart grid is the Italian system installed by Enel S.p.A. of Italy. Completed in 2005, the Telegestore project was highly unusual in the utility world because the company designed and manufactured their own meters, acted as their own system integrator, and developed th... | [
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20231101.en_13201685_98 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart%20grid | Smart grid | One of the largest deployment programs in the world to-date is the U.S. Dept. of Energy's Smart Grid Program funded by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009. This program required matching funding from individual utilities. A total of over $9 billion in Public/Private funds were invested as part of this ... | [
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20231101.en_13201685_99 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart%20grid | Smart grid | This program consisted of Investment Grants (matching), Demonstration Projects, Consumer Acceptance Studies, and Workforce Education Programs. Reports from all individual utility programs as well as overall impact reports will be completed by the second quarter of 2015. | [
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20231101.en_13201685_100 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart%20grid | Smart grid | In the US, the city of Austin, Texas, has been working on building its smart grid since 2003, when its utility first replaced 1/3 of its manual meters with smart meters that communicate via a wireless mesh network. It currently manages 200,000 devices real-time (smart meters, smart thermostats, and sensors across its s... | [
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20231101.en_13201685_101 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart%20grid | Smart grid | Boulder, Colorado, completed the first phase of its smart grid project in August 2008. Both systems use the smart meter as a gateway to the home automation network (HAN) that controls smart sockets and devices. Some HAN designers favor decoupling control functions from the meter, out of concern of future mismatches wit... | [
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20231101.en_13201685_102 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart%20grid | Smart grid | Hydro One, in Ontario, Canada is in the midst of a large-scale Smart Grid initiative, deploying a standards-compliant communications infrastructure from Trilliant. By the end of 2010, the system will serve 1.3 million customers in the province of Ontario. The initiative won the "Best AMR Initiative in North America" aw... | [
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20231101.en_13201685_103 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart%20grid | Smart grid | Île d'Yeu began a 2-year pilot program in Spring of 2020. Twenty-three houses in the Ker Pissot neighborhood and surrounding areas were interconnected with a microgrid that was automated as a smart grid with software from Engie. Sixty-four solar panels with a peak capacity of 23.7 kW were installed on five houses and ... | [
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20231101.en_13201685_104 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart%20grid | Smart grid | The City of Mannheim in Germany is using realtime Broadband Powerline (BPL) communications in its Model City Mannheim "MoMa" project. | [
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20231101.en_13201685_105 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart%20grid | Smart grid | Sydney also in Australia, in partnership with the Australian Government implemented the Smart Grid, Smart City program. | [
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20231101.en_13201685_106 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart%20grid | Smart grid | InovGrid is an innovative project in Évora, Portugal that aims to equip the electricity grid with information and devices to automate grid management, improve service quality, reduce operating costs, promote energy efficiency and environmental sustainability, and increase the penetration of renewable energies and elect... | [
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20231101.en_13201685_107 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart%20grid | Smart grid | In the so-called E-Energy projects several German utilities are creating first nucleolus in six independent model regions. A technology competition identified this model regions to carry out research and development activities with the main objective to create an "Internet of Energy." | [
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20231101.en_13201685_108 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart%20grid | Smart grid | One of the first attempted deployments of "smart grid" technologies in the United States was rejected in 2009 by electricity regulators in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, a US state. According to an article in the Boston Globe, Northeast Utilities' Western Massachusetts Electric Co. subsidiary actually attempted to ... | [
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20231101.en_13201685_109 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart%20grid | Smart grid | The eEnergy Vermont consortium is a US statewide initiative in Vermont, funded in part through the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, in which all of the electric utilities in the state have rapidly adopted a variety of Smart Grid technologies, including about 90% Advanced Metering Infrastructure deploymen... | [
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20231101.en_13201685_110 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart%20grid | Smart grid | In the Netherlands a large-scale project (>5000 connections, >20 partners) was initiated to demonstrate integrated smart grids technologies, services and business cases. | [
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20231101.en_13201685_111 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart%20grid | Smart grid | EPB in Chattanooga, TN is a municipally-owned electric utility that started construction of a smart grid in 2008, receiving a $111,567,606 grant from the US DOE in 2009 to expedite construction and implementation (for a total budget of $232,219,350). Deployment of power-line interrupters (1170 units) was completed in A... | [
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20231101.en_13201685_112 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart%20grid | Smart grid | Certain deployments utilize the OpenADR standard for load shedding and demand reduction during higher demand periods. | [
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20231101.en_13201685_113 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart%20grid | Smart grid | The smart grid market in China is estimated to be $22.3 billion with a projected growth to $61.4 billion by 2015. Honeywell is developing a demand response pilot and feasibility study for China with the State Grid Corp. of China using the OpenADR demand response standard. The State Grid Corp., the Chinese Academy of Sc... | [
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20231101.en_13201685_114 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart%20grid | Smart grid | In 2009, the US Department of Energy awarded an $11 million grant to Southern California Edison and Honeywell for a demand response program that automatically turns down energy use during peak hours for participating industrial customers. The Department of Energy awarded an $11.4 million grant to Honeywell to implement... | [
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20231101.en_13201685_115 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart%20grid | Smart grid | Hawaiian Electric Co. (HECO) is implementing a two-year pilot project to test the ability of an ADR program to respond to the intermittence of wind power. Hawaii has a goal to obtain 70 percent of its power from renewable sources by 2030. HECO will give customers incentives for reducing power consumption within 10 minu... | [
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20231101.en_13201685_116 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart%20grid | Smart grid | Part of the IEEE Smart Grid Initiative, IEEE 2030.2 represents an extension of the work aimed at utility storage systems for transmission and distribution networks. The IEEE P2030 group expects to deliver early 2011 an overarching set of guidelines on smart grid interfaces. The new guidelines will cover areas including... | [
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20231101.en_13201685_117 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart%20grid | Smart grid | IEC TC 57 has created a family of international standards that can be used as part of the smart grid. These standards include IEC 61850 which is an architecture for substation automation, and IEC 61970/61968 – the Common Information Model (CIM). The CIM provides for common semantics to be used for turning data into inf... | [
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20231101.en_13201685_118 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart%20grid | Smart grid | It is typically used to send information and signals to cause electrical power-using devices to be turned off during periods of higher demand. | [
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20231101.en_13201685_119 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart%20grid | Smart grid | MultiSpeak has created a specification that supports distribution functionality of the smart grid. MultiSpeak has a robust set of integration definitions that supports nearly all of the software interfaces necessary for a distribution utility or for the distribution portion of a vertically integrated utility. MultiSpea... | [
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20231101.en_13201685_120 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart%20grid | Smart grid | The UCA International User Group discusses and supports real world experience of the standards used in smart grids. | [
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20231101.en_13201685_121 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart%20grid | Smart grid | There is a growing trend towards the use of TCP/IP technology as a common communication platform for smart meter applications, so that utilities can deploy multiple communication systems, while using IP technology as a common management platform. | [
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20231101.en_13201685_122 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart%20grid | Smart grid | IEEE P2030 is an IEEE project developing a "Draft Guide for Smart Grid Interoperability of Energy Technology and Information Technology Operation with the Electric Power System (EPS), and End-Use Applications and Loads". | [
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20231101.en_13201685_123 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart%20grid | Smart grid | NIST has included ITU-T G.hn as one of the "Standards Identified for Implementation" for the Smart Grid "for which it believed there | [
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20231101.en_13201685_124 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart%20grid | Smart grid | was strong stakeholder consensus". G.hn is standard for high-speed communications over power lines, phone lines and coaxial cables. | [
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20231101.en_13201685_125 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart%20grid | Smart grid | OASIS EnergyInterop' – An OASIS technical committee developing XML standards for energy interoperation. Its starting point is the California OpenADR standard. | [
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20231101.en_13201685_126 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart%20grid | Smart grid | Under the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA), NIST is charged with overseeing the identification and selection of hundreds of standards that will be required to implement the Smart Grid in the U.S. These standards will be referred by NIST to the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC). This work ... | [
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20231101.en_13201685_127 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart%20grid | Smart grid | In November 2017 the non-profit GridWise Alliance along with Clean Edge Inc., a clean energy group, released rankings for all 50 states in their efforts to modernize the electric grid. California was ranked number one. The other top states were Illinois, Texas, Maryland, Oregon, Arizona, the District of Columbia, New Y... | [
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20231101.en_13201685_128 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart%20grid | Smart grid | Christian Neureiter, A Domain-Specific, Model Driven Engineering Approach For Systems Engineering In The Smart Grid , MBSE4U, 2017, | [
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20231101.en_13201685_129 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart%20grid | Smart grid | Video Lecture: Computer System Security: Technical and Social Challenges in Creating a Trustworthy Power Grid , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign | [
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20231101.en_13201685_130 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart%20grid | Smart grid | Video Lecture: Smart Grid: Key to a Sustainable Energy Infrastructure , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign | [
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20231101.en_13201692_0 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niendorf%2C%20Mecklenburg-Vorpommern | Niendorf, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern | Niendorf () is a village and a former municipality in the Nordwestmecklenburg district, in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany. Since May 2019, it is part of the new municipality Siemz-Niendorf. | [
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20231101.en_13201692_1 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niendorf%2C%20Mecklenburg-Vorpommern | Niendorf, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern | It is close to the cities of Lübeck, Wismar and Schwerin and is part of the Hamburg Metropolitan Region. | [
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20231101.en_13201723_0 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bishopbriggs%20Academy | Bishopbriggs Academy | Bishopbriggs Academy is a secondary school in the town of Bishopbriggs, Scotland, in the district of East Dunbartonshire. Bishopbriggs Academy is a non-denominational, co-educational, comprehensive school taking pupils from S1 to S6. It is currently one of two secondary schools in Bishopbriggs, along with Turnbull High... | [
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20231101.en_13201723_1 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bishopbriggs%20Academy | Bishopbriggs Academy | The school was established in August 2006 as a result of the amalgamation of Bishopbriggs High School and Thomas Muir High School. | [
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20231101.en_13201723_2 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bishopbriggs%20Academy | Bishopbriggs Academy | In 2021, the school was named "The Scottish State Secondary School of the decade" by the Sunday Times in the Sunday Times School Guide, recognising the "exceptional leadership, top quality teaching and high academic standards that the school provides." It has also twice been named 'The Scottish State Secondary School o... | [
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20231101.en_13201723_3 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bishopbriggs%20Academy | Bishopbriggs Academy | The school consistently ranks at the top of the school exam league tables, with the school currently ranking 10th in the league tables (out of 340 secondary schools in Scotland). | [
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20231101.en_13201723_4 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bishopbriggs%20Academy | Bishopbriggs Academy | In January 2013 the school received four "Excellent" grades and one "Very Good" in an Education Scotland Inspection Report. This was the first time ever that education Education Scotland had awarded four "Excellent" grades under the new inspection standards which ranks school on 5 areas. The Inspectors also described t... | [
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20231101.en_13201723_5 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bishopbriggs%20Academy | Bishopbriggs Academy | The two antecedent secondary schools were originally established to meet local demand during Bishopbriggs' housing boom beginning in the 1960s. | [
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20231101.en_13201723_6 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bishopbriggs%20Academy | Bishopbriggs Academy | Bishopbriggs High School was opened by Lanark County Council in 1965 and designed by Simon Pollard. It replaced the previous Bishopbriggs Higher Grade School which had originally opened in 1896, designed by David Woodburn Sturrock, and featured inscriptions on its clock tower, commemorating the Diamond Jubilee of Queen... | [
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20231101.en_13201723_7 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bishopbriggs%20Academy | Bishopbriggs Academy | Thomas Muir High School was named after the local historical political radical, Thomas Muir, and opened in 1978 to serve the expanding Woodhill area of the town. The Thomas Muir name was continued for use for a new primary school in Bishopbriggs (an amalgamation of Woodhill Primary and Auchinairn Primary), completed in... | [
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20231101.en_13201723_8 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bishopbriggs%20Academy | Bishopbriggs Academy | Bishopbriggs High School and Thomas Muir High School merged in 2006 to form Bishopbriggs Academy as part of a £100million PPP plan to build six new secondary schools in East Dunbartonshire. The school is now situated at the site of the former Thomas Muir High School on Wester Cleddens Road, where the new campus was com... | [
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20231101.en_13201723_9 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bishopbriggs%20Academy | Bishopbriggs Academy | The council consultation with parents had initially resulted in an agreement that the school would be built on the Bishopbriggs High School site, however this decision was later reversed in favour of the Thomas Muir site in Woodhill, releasing the more valuable BHS site for a proposed supermarket. | [
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20231101.en_13201723_10 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bishopbriggs%20Academy | Bishopbriggs Academy | The school follows the Scottish Qualification Authorities curriculum, offering from National 3 up to Advanced Highers. The school has over 100 teachers, over 40 non-teaching staff (librarian, office staff, kitchen staff, technicians, facilities etc.) and offers around 30 subjects. The school offers over 35 extracurricu... | [
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20231101.en_13201723_11 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bishopbriggs%20Academy | Bishopbriggs Academy | Jonathan Graham, bagpiper who piped at the 2010 Dehli Commonwealth Games handover ceremony & 2014 Glasgow Commonwealth Games opening ceremony to a combined audience of 2.5 billion. | [
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20231101.en_13201723_12 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bishopbriggs%20Academy | Bishopbriggs Academy | Dougie Freedman, Scotland international who notably played for Crystal Palace, Wolves and Nottingham Forest, as well as managing Crystal Palace F.C., Bolton Wanderers and Nottingham Forest F.C. | [
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20231101.en_13201723_13 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bishopbriggs%20Academy | Bishopbriggs Academy | Darren Lyon, current Queen's Park football player, formerly Hamilton Academical, Peterborough United and Queen of the South. | [
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20231101.en_13201723_14 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bishopbriggs%20Academy | Bishopbriggs Academy | Dylan McGeouch, former Celtic, Coventry City, Hibernian, Sunderland, Aberdeen and Scotland footballer | [
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20231101.en_13201723_15 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bishopbriggs%20Academy | Bishopbriggs Academy | Billy Reid, current assistant manager at Brighton & Hove Albion, formerly at Clyde, Hamilton Academical, Östersund, Swansea City, played for Queen of the South, Clyde, Hamilton Academical and Stirling Albion | [
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20231101.en_13201723_16 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bishopbriggs%20Academy | Bishopbriggs Academy | Paul Stallan, award winning architect, best known for designing the 2014 Commonwealth Games Village and his work on the Falkirk Wheel and Scottish Parliament | [
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20231101.en_13201725_0 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007%20FIFA%20Women%27s%20World%20Cup%20squads | 2007 FIFA Women's World Cup squads | This article lists all the confirmed national football squads for the 2007 FIFA Women's World Cup held in China between 10 and 30 September 2007. The 16 national teams involved in the tournament were required to register a squad of up to 21 players, including three goalkeepers. Only players in these squads were eligibl... | [
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