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20231101.en_13205392_7
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Core%20Pacific%20City
|
Core Pacific City
|
The mall appeared on The Amazing Race 19 as the site of a Hazard task for the Vegas showgirls Kaylani & Lisa, where they had to perform an indoor bungee jump.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13205392_8
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Core%20Pacific%20City
|
Core Pacific City
|
In the 2003 video game SimCity 4 developed by Maxis, the mall was selected as a landmark which players can choose to build in their cities.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13205398_0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamish%20Stuart
|
Hamish Stuart
|
James Hamish Stuart (born 8 October 1949) is a Scottish guitarist, bassist, singer, composer, and record producer. He was an original member of the Average White Band.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13205398_1
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamish%20Stuart
|
Hamish Stuart
|
Born in Glasgow, Scotland, Stuart attended Queens Park School in Glasgow and left to form his first professional band 'The Dream Police'.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13205398_2
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamish%20Stuart
|
Hamish Stuart
|
He recorded a couple of singles with the Dream Police before he was invited to join the recently-formed Average White Band (AWB) in June 1972.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13205398_3
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamish%20Stuart
|
Hamish Stuart
|
A member of AWB from 1972 to 1982, he went on to work with Aretha Franklin, Chaka Khan, and David Sanborn.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13205398_4
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamish%20Stuart
|
Hamish Stuart
|
He wrote Atlantic Starr's 1986 hit "If Your Heart Isn't in It" and songs for Smokey Robinson, Jeffrey Osborne, George Benson, and Diana Ross.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13205398_5
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamish%20Stuart
|
Hamish Stuart
|
Stuart joined Paul McCartney’s band (where he switched between guitar and bass as necessary with McCartney) for McCartney's 1989 comeback album, Flowers in the Dirt and appeared on several other albums and McCartney's world tours of 1989 and 1993.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13205398_6
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamish%20Stuart
|
Hamish Stuart
|
After collaborating on numerous albums for other artists, he recorded his first solo album, Sooner or Later, in 1999, 17 years after leaving the Average White Band, which he released on his own record label, Sulphuric Records.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13205398_7
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamish%20Stuart
|
Hamish Stuart
|
Apart from playing with his own group, the Hamish Stuart Band, and with his fellow Glaswegian guitarist and friend Jim Mullen, Stuart has also produced Gordon Haskell and the Swedish singer-songwriter Meja.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13205398_8
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamish%20Stuart
|
Hamish Stuart
|
In 2006, Stuart toured as the bass player with Ringo Starr & His All-Starr Band. He joined Starr again for a 2008 tour, where he performed "Pick Up The Pieces" and "Work to Do". He once again toured with Ringo in 2019 playing "Pick Up the Pieces", "Work to Do", and "Cut the Cake". Although the tour paused because of COVID-19 precautions, it resumed in 2022, completing tour dates initially planned for 2020.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13205398_9
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamish%20Stuart
|
Hamish Stuart
|
In 2007, he produced and appeared as a guest vocalist on the album All About the Music, by The AllStars collective.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13205398_10
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamish%20Stuart
|
Hamish Stuart
|
In July 2015, Stuart reunited with his AWB bandmates Malcolm "Molly" Duncan and Steve Ferrone to form The 360 Band. This is in essence one third of the original Average White Band. They released an album titled Three Sixty in 2017 and have been performing live together along with supporting musicians.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13205398_11
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamish%20Stuart
|
Hamish Stuart
|
He is the curator, along with partner Claire Houlihan and friend Tom Sutton-Roberts, of the annual mOare Music festival, held in the village of Oare, Faversham, Kent.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13205398_12
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamish%20Stuart
|
Hamish Stuart
|
In recognition of his unique contribution to music, Stuart was awarded with a BASCA Gold Badge award in 2016
|
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] |
20231101.en_13205410_0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Lingbi
|
Battle of Lingbi
|
The Battle of Lingbi (灵璧战斗) was a battle fought at the Lingbi (灵璧) region in Anhui, and it was a clash between the communists and the former nationalists turned Japanese puppet regime force who rejoined the nationalists after World War II. The battle was one of the Chinese Civil War in the immediate post World War II era, and resulted in communist victory.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13205410_1
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Lingbi
|
Battle of Lingbi
|
Like other similar clashes immediately after the end of World War II between the communists and the nationalists in China, this conflict also rooted from the fact that Chiang Kai-shek had realized that his nationalist regime simply had neither the sufficient troops nor enough transportation assets to deploy his troops into the Japanese-occupied regions of China. Unwilling to let the communists who had already dominated most of the rural regions in China to further expand their territories by accepting the Japanese surrender and thus would consequently control the Japanese occupied regions, Chiang Kai-shek ordered the Japanese and their turncoat Chinese puppet regime not to surrender to the communists and keep their fighting capabilities to “maintain order” in the Japanese occupied regions, fighting off the communists as necessary, until the final arrivals and completion of the deployment of the nationalist troops. As a result, most members of the Japanese puppet regimes and their military forces rejoined the nationalists.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13205410_2
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Lingbi
|
Battle of Lingbi
|
However, most of these former nationalists turned Japanese puppet regime forces were not from Chiang Kai-shek's own clique, but instead, they were mainly consisted of troops of warlords who were only nominally under the Chiang Kai-shek's before World War II, since they were nationalists in name only and mostly maintained their independent and semi-independent status. These warlords were only interested in keeping their own power and defected to the Japanese side when Japanese invaders offered to let them keep their power in exchange for their collaboration. After World War II, these forces of former Japanese puppet regimes once again returned to the nationalist camp for the same reason they defected to the Japanese invaders. Obviously, it was difficult for Chiang to immediately get rid of these warlords for good as soon as they surrendered to Chiang and rejoined nationalists, because such move would alienate other factions within the nationalist ranks, and these former Japanese puppet regime's warlords could still help the nationalists to gain more territories by holding on to what was under their control until Chiang completed the deployment of his own troops to take over. Chiang Kai-shek's objective was to simultaneously solve the warlord problem that had plagued China for so long and the problem of the extermination of communism together, which proved to be an extremely fatal mistake for him and his nationalist regime later on, as shown in this conflict.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13205410_3
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Lingbi
|
Battle of Lingbi
|
In accordance with his strategy to simultaneously solve the warlord problem that had plagued China for so long and the problem of the extermination of communism together, Chiang Kai-shek and his followers had hoped that these warlords who rejoined the nationalists after siding with the Japanese puppet regime during World War II would be able to hold on to the regions long enough for Chiang to deploy his own troops. If the Communists were victorious in such conflicts, however, the result would still beneficial to Chiang and the Nationalists because the power of these warlords would be reduced as their military forces would be destroy by the Communists, and the warlord problem plagued China for so long could thus be greatly reduced, while at the same time, the Communists would be weakened by the fights and Chiang's own troops would have easier time to take control.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13205410_4
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Lingbi
|
Battle of Lingbi
|
For the warlords, they and their troops had no problem with following Chiang Kai-shek's orders, and they were eager to prove themselves. These warlords and their troops were well aware that due to their collaboration with the Japanese invaders during the Second Sino-Japanese War, they were well hated by the general population in China, including those Nationalists who refused to surrender to the enemy and fought the enemy until the eventual victory. Therefore, in the impending demilitarization after World War II, they would certainly be disarmed and discharged, which would probably be the best outcome and the power of these warlords would be reduced or even eliminated as a result. Chiang Kai-shek's use of them to fight the Communists was seen as a savior for them because by carrying out such orders, these warlords and their troops could legitimize themselves and thus retain their power.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13205410_5
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Lingbi
|
Battle of Lingbi
|
The Communist strategy was much simpler than that of the Nationalists because there was not any huge division within the Communist rank like that of the Nationalist. The Communists had already earned considerable popular support among the Chinese people by being the only Chinese force left in the region fighting the Japanese invaders and their puppet regime after the Nationalists withdrew, and after establishing bases in the rural regions where better life was provided to the general populace in comparison to that of Japanese occupied regions, the general Chinese populace agreed that the Communists deserved to represent China, to accept the Japanese surrender in the region, and to take back the regions occupied by the Japanese.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13205410_6
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Lingbi
|
Battle of Lingbi
|
By the end of August 1945, the Communist New Fourth Army and other local units had surrounded the town of Lingbi (灵璧) of Anhui Province. The Communists decided to take Lingbi by force after the local defenders, consisting of former forces of the Japanese puppet regime, refused to surrender. In early September 1945, a 700 strong reinforcement was sent from nearby Solid Town (Guzhen, 固镇) in attempt to help the besieged defenders, but the reinforcement was beaten back by the Communists. At the night of September 4, 1945, the Communists launched their general assault against the town and after six hours of fierce battle, the town was overrun. The Communists had managed to kill 104 enemy troops, and captured another 1,244, including the commander Zhao Shusen (赵树森). In addition, the poorly equipped communists also captured one mortar, 8 machine guns and 1,355 rifles. The communist victory also let them join their bases into one as all enemy strongholds in the region were eliminated.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13205410_7
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Lingbi
|
Battle of Lingbi
|
Like other similar clashes immediately after the end of World War II between the communists and the nationalists in China, this conflict also showed that Chiang Kai-shek's attempt to simultaneously solve the warlord problem that had plagued China for so long and the problem of the extermination of communism together proved to be a fatal mistake. Although the result of the campaign turned out exactly like Chiang Kai-shek and his subordinates had predicted, and consequently the power of the warlords in this region was indeed reduced as their military forces were smashed by the communists, so that the warlord problem plagued China for so long was thus reduced for this particular region, and Chiang Kai-shek's secondary objective was achieved here, any positive gains obtained by the nationalists were negated by the politic fallout. The reason was that this success of achieving the secondary objective came at a huge cost in nationalists’ loss of popular support in this region formerly dominated by the Japanese, because the local population had already blamed nationalists for losing the regions to the Japanese invaders, while reassigning these former Japanese puppet regime forces as the nationalist forces to fight the communists, the only Chinese force left in the regions, only further alienated the local populace and strengthened the popular resentment to Chiang Kai-shek and his nationalist government.
|
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20231101.en_13205410_8
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Lingbi
|
Battle of Lingbi
|
Zhu, Zongzhen and Wang, Chaoguang, Liberation War History, 1st Edition, Social Scientific Literary Publishing House in Beijing, 2000, (set)
|
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] |
20231101.en_13205410_9
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Lingbi
|
Battle of Lingbi
|
Zhang, Ping, History of the Liberation War, 1st Edition, Chinese Youth Publishing House in Beijing, 1987, (pbk.)
|
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] |
20231101.en_13205410_10
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Lingbi
|
Battle of Lingbi
|
Jie, Lifu, Records of the Liberation War: The Decisive Battle of Two Kinds of Fates, 1st Edition, Hebei People's Publishing House in Shijiazhuang, 1990, (set)
|
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20231101.en_13205410_11
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Lingbi
|
Battle of Lingbi
|
Literary and Historical Research Committee of the Anhui Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, Liberation War, 1st Edition, Anhui People's Publishing House in Hefei, 1987,
|
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] |
20231101.en_13205410_12
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Lingbi
|
Battle of Lingbi
|
Li, Zuomin, Heroic Division and Iron Horse: Records of the Liberation War, 1st Edition, Chinese Communist Party History Publishing House in Beijing, 2004,
|
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20231101.en_13205410_13
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Lingbi
|
Battle of Lingbi
|
Wang, Xingsheng, and Zhang, Jingshan, Chinese Liberation War, 1st Edition, People's Liberation Army Literature and Art Publishing House in Beijing, 2001, (set)
|
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] |
20231101.en_13205410_14
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Lingbi
|
Battle of Lingbi
|
Huang, Youlan, History of the Chinese People's Liberation War, 1st Edition, Archives Publishing House in Beijing, 1992,
|
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] |
20231101.en_13205410_15
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Lingbi
|
Battle of Lingbi
|
Liu Wusheng, From Yan'an to Beijing: A Collection of Military Records and Research Publications of Important Campaigns in the Liberation War, 1st Edition, Central Literary Publishing House in Beijing, 1993,
|
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] |
20231101.en_13205410_16
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Lingbi
|
Battle of Lingbi
|
Tang, Yilu and Bi, Jianzhong, History of Chinese People's Liberation Army in Chinese Liberation War, 1st Edition, Military Scientific Publishing House in Beijing, 1993 – 1997, (Volum 1), (Volum 2), (Volum 3), (Volum 4), and (Volum 5)
|
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] |
20231101.en_13205411_0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pearse%20O%27Neill
|
Pearse O'Neill
|
Pearse O'Neill (born 1 December 1979) is an Irish sportsperson. He plays Gaelic football with his local club Aghada and was a member of the Cork senior inter-county team between 2006 and 2013, when he announced his retirement from inter-county football.
|
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-18,
-5,
-6,
-24,
10,
15,
11,
-14,
22,
-30,
26,
-11,
-22,
-16,
-38,
-44,
54,
-1,
-1,
-42,
-8,
5,
13,
-23,
-31,
-15,
10,
-38,
16,
-11,
27,
28,
-10,
-26,
5,
-28,
17,
-39,
-41,
-21,
31,
-24,
-19,
32,
32,
38,
0,
13,
-14,
-14,
13,
23,
-40,
23,
13,
33,
15,
29,
9,
-19,
4,
25,
-16,
1,
-10,
3,
-34,
-36,
65,
14,
-5,
-13,
10,
-20,
26,
-16,
-20,
25,
-22,
-35,
35,
-19,
-54,
8,
-5,
26,
5,
-17,
2,
32,
-10,
-8,
-17,
-12,
32,
-12,
18,
11,
7,
-7,
10,
-22,
5,
-3,
2,
24,
0,
-5,
28,
30,
55,
49,
0,
23,
46,
11,
55,
4,
40,
-5,
6,
44,
-14,
18,
-6,
-7,
-30,
-17,
-29,
-32,
0,
-71,
22,
-35,
25,
10,
-29,
10,
4,
13,
2,
-28,
9,
5,
4,
-5,
-44,
-2,
-58,
27,
-16,
8,
16,
12,
18,
-11,
-37,
-19,
2,
9,
55,
16,
3,
-5,
-10,
-28,
-4,
25,
-17,
-1,
-5,
-45,
14,
37,
3,
38,
-24,
-20,
8,
1,
-3,
-32,
28,
42,
-43,
-2,
-38,
-15,
15,
8,
-20,
-18,
25,
14,
14,
-8,
-21,
-34,
-6,
8,
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16,
-16,
8,
-56,
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19,
10,
-2,
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24,
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13,
7,
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25,
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9,
24,
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26,
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-3,
17,
-33,
3,
8,
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-4,
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22,
-5,
53,
24,
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0,
-41,
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12,
46,
-52,
3,
7,
-29,
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-1,
32,
16,
50,
6,
-32,
-32,
35,
22,
2,
10,
5,
-31,
14,
8,
-26,
-2,
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49,
-25,
-21,
-34,
13,
-24,
-15,
-23,
-28,
1,
22,
-13,
-1,
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0,
31,
23,
-3,
-14,
-17,
10,
-42,
-4,
7,
51,
1,
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-13,
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41,
-31,
-19,
5,
8,
41,
42,
1,
13,
5,
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-4,
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25,
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42,
22,
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-16,
15,
-20,
-25,
41,
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38,
16,
28,
-41,
8,
9,
4,
5,
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3,
-35,
-3,
-26,
-10,
-6,
-3,
-12,
7,
9,
-5,
-17,
17,
-12,
-38,
29,
-3,
14,
-38,
-25,
33,
40,
-39,
-4,
43,
-20,
-23,
-23
] |
20231101.en_13205433_0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20snakes%20by%20common%20name
|
List of snakes by common name
|
This is a list of extant snakes, given by their common names. Note that the snakes are grouped by name, and in some cases the grouping may have no scientific basis.
|
[
21,
-10,
-6,
24,
27,
1,
-12,
35,
30,
31,
50,
32,
4,
14,
-31,
4,
4,
1,
5,
-25,
-22,
39,
12,
8,
-12,
2,
-1,
-18,
-60,
14,
14,
-19,
1,
9,
-25,
-29,
44,
12,
-10,
-9,
-4,
-1,
32,
-4,
-9,
24,
-3,
54,
-23,
-1,
12,
-17,
5,
-29,
-10,
-35,
3,
-10,
27,
-47,
-23,
11,
37,
26,
-23,
5,
-11,
-54,
-2,
-28,
-45,
22,
-20,
-2,
-40,
-62,
50,
-15,
24,
10,
5,
52,
-9,
6,
-29,
5,
-21,
-36,
12,
23,
2,
-23,
-22,
-40,
45,
26,
9,
38,
-15,
18,
46,
-19,
12,
-16,
16,
-5,
-5,
-2,
2,
-8,
22,
-2,
-10,
30,
-1,
-28,
26,
4,
-42,
-10,
-37,
-55,
-10,
5,
-17,
-24,
-18,
-8,
-13,
49,
-9,
-26,
17,
-13,
0,
-32,
-40,
-15,
-24,
-8,
17,
-30,
-13,
6,
30,
-8,
53,
35,
-4,
-16,
33,
17,
10,
-3,
-28,
12,
14,
4,
32,
-13,
-5,
4,
40,
-17,
19,
46,
-10,
12,
15,
-40,
-25,
32,
11,
20,
-30,
-20,
-11,
13,
47,
-8,
-4,
3,
-14,
6,
3,
22,
-6,
-16,
14,
-15,
-44,
23,
-3,
-20,
-4,
-21,
-34,
27,
29,
-14,
19,
4,
-33,
-9,
9,
23,
3,
6,
50,
13,
3,
19,
14,
4,
15,
-20,
-17,
-6,
-14,
-36,
20,
20,
-3,
20,
0,
-36,
54,
-3,
-2,
25,
14,
37,
17,
-29,
-23,
-23,
8,
-28,
49,
13,
-3,
-11,
-8,
-32,
-19,
1,
-4,
37,
-35,
-17,
-63,
31,
3,
39,
-15,
-22,
2,
-48,
-23,
19,
-24,
-19,
2,
-17,
-13,
26,
-10,
17,
-23,
-34,
-29,
23,
-21,
-37,
6,
-21,
0,
-24,
4,
-31,
-1,
25,
6,
5,
-33,
16,
-19,
6,
5,
21,
39,
7,
-16,
-30,
16,
39,
23,
7,
13,
-50,
-45,
-2,
-25,
7,
-38,
9,
5,
-54,
-1,
24,
-2,
-3,
0,
13,
5,
37,
18,
21,
-4,
-13,
-15,
12,
-5,
-49,
13,
14,
10,
-12,
12,
-7,
0,
26,
12,
-29,
23,
29,
-15,
-33,
-4,
36,
3,
-17,
-43,
-24,
23,
-1,
-16,
-47,
51,
-3,
-21,
31,
-9,
-3,
35,
-21,
-40,
-1,
0,
8,
-49,
40,
4,
-27,
-17,
-6,
-26,
11,
44,
6,
10,
6,
38,
4,
-34,
-3,
25,
-14,
58,
5,
-87,
14,
-15,
6,
-8,
57,
21,
0,
7,
27,
10,
-40,
-30,
18,
0,
-19,
-45,
1,
0,
-26,
-7,
13,
2,
0,
9,
-1,
-40,
-8,
22,
5,
-37,
15,
-14,
4,
-20,
39,
-23,
-30,
-17,
-14,
3,
-24,
-33,
-21,
5,
-19,
30,
29,
2,
9,
10,
25,
-4,
29,
-12,
-28,
6,
-38,
-19,
1,
9,
-19,
13,
1,
-7,
-17,
-11,
-4,
-10,
26,
1,
-25,
-73,
2,
36,
18,
-5,
-41,
-6,
15,
16,
5,
14,
-41,
3,
-23,
-25,
-43,
-16,
12,
68,
-1,
34,
31,
-15,
-42,
27,
1,
-7,
0,
-32,
3,
29,
-12,
-35,
9,
-36,
-52,
25,
9,
-16,
-6,
-18,
-28,
17,
15,
6,
-40,
-14,
-41,
45,
-4,
5,
-25,
13,
52,
34,
15,
-47,
1,
-21,
13,
-4,
22,
38,
-27,
18,
-24,
-36,
-12,
26,
-33,
20,
-28,
-2,
-34,
50,
-21,
2,
4,
-23,
21,
4,
-4,
48,
9,
-2,
2,
4,
13,
-38,
2,
14,
-18,
22,
9,
25,
15,
7,
-39,
-29,
4,
-9,
-24,
-13,
-5,
-13,
-9,
0,
17,
10,
-22,
-36,
-77,
20,
31,
-6,
24,
-7,
26,
-62,
25,
31,
-1,
-39,
41,
-39,
55,
6,
24,
-8,
-17,
-38,
53,
73,
-28,
11,
10,
7,
-17,
28,
-19,
18,
-33,
-26,
19,
8,
9,
29,
-20,
-7,
0,
44,
-15,
5,
6,
-24,
5,
1,
-1,
-18,
24,
-23,
-48,
-12,
-38,
4,
-2,
-17,
6,
42,
-15,
-23,
-4,
32,
-6,
34,
15,
-25,
-17,
-22,
16,
8,
-26,
-31,
17,
41,
7,
11,
-14,
30,
-13,
2,
2,
40,
17,
-37,
30,
-3,
-10,
27,
-15,
-56,
22,
6,
17,
-19,
2,
20,
-23,
-32,
3,
-3,
-25,
-5,
6,
-56,
-18,
49,
-39,
11,
28,
-27,
-20,
-14,
-6,
-10,
-28,
55,
-34,
24,
17,
-34,
-4,
13,
11,
18,
-3,
-33,
-11,
20,
18,
11,
23,
5,
-29,
-38,
15,
-16,
5,
-3,
-25,
-42,
18,
52,
-30,
11,
40,
5,
-59,
41,
-14,
-6,
-21,
-26,
-20,
27,
-60,
15,
-47,
6,
22,
-1,
0,
-12,
7,
-13,
45,
-5,
-55,
-9,
-18,
-10,
30,
6,
10,
-10,
0,
0,
-44,
18,
5,
21,
-92,
-14,
15,
12,
-21,
35,
5,
41,
-69,
0,
-18,
47,
2,
23,
-9,
-1,
-5,
-15,
1,
-10,
-11,
2,
20,
-22,
12,
-58,
13,
-43,
23,
-3,
-13,
9,
-4,
-29,
-20,
-11,
49,
-10,
-19,
9,
38,
-15,
-44,
11,
-7,
9,
-17,
28,
-15,
-22,
-15,
46,
-29,
-11,
-23,
-2,
1,
3,
-10,
-9,
-3,
-9,
32,
-5,
15,
-21,
46,
-7,
-5,
1,
0,
24,
7,
-12,
41,
-33,
-20,
-4,
-15,
0,
1,
7,
29,
-3,
33,
-12,
-15,
16,
-8,
-7,
3,
11,
-13,
-10,
13,
-17,
-6,
2,
1,
-21,
-42,
-14,
-14,
-34,
34,
13,
-4,
3,
38,
-9,
0,
-13,
-31,
-3,
12,
-29,
39,
-4,
38,
21,
-29,
5,
33,
39,
26,
39,
-25,
9,
57,
-29,
-18,
-16,
13,
2,
32,
-10,
38,
25,
26,
13,
15,
17,
-8,
19,
-22,
21,
-1,
10,
-7,
8,
-31,
-16,
21,
40,
13,
-9,
12,
29,
-33,
-2,
38,
-12,
-32,
4,
-25,
-8,
48,
-24,
13,
-23,
0,
-26,
29,
58,
2,
18,
6,
-19,
-26,
34,
-36,
-31,
4,
-75,
79,
-18,
41,
-2,
33,
17,
-26,
-3,
29,
27,
1,
-29,
4,
-49,
-8,
30,
-18,
-33,
-30,
-2,
27,
-9,
2,
6,
-25,
37,
-26,
-37,
-2,
-21,
-15,
32,
28,
-11,
22,
-5,
32,
-25,
1,
7,
29,
7,
4,
32,
17,
-14,
-19,
-7,
15,
-65,
-41,
17,
6,
-25,
-13,
-35,
-30,
6,
16,
-16,
-4,
43,
-7,
-10,
15,
21,
37,
4,
-21,
-7,
37,
-24,
-18,
2,
27,
-36,
-33,
-13,
30,
26,
29,
1,
-26,
-50,
-23,
-31,
26,
-8,
-23,
-7,
0,
3,
28,
11,
23,
30,
-13
] |
20231101.en_13205436_0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Yinji
|
Battle of Yinji
|
The battle of Yinji (尹集战斗) was a battle fought at the Yin Village (Yinji, 尹集) of Wuyang (舞阳) County in southern Henan, and it was a clash between the communists and the former nationalists turned Japanese puppet regime force who rejoined the nationalists after World War II. The battle was one of the Chinese Civil War in the immediate post World War II era, and resulted in communist victory.
|
[
-22,
18,
10,
2,
-14,
-55,
-10,
15,
-3,
8,
0,
21,
-1,
10,
3,
-36,
26,
20,
5,
7,
18,
-18,
-18,
-11,
40,
24,
-30,
-18,
-50,
-19,
-14,
-22,
-31,
15,
-12,
9,
-38,
4,
31,
12,
-13,
-14,
-3,
-20,
-10,
24,
1,
-17,
15,
17,
23,
5,
-5,
20,
-35,
6,
32,
29,
-8,
-28,
22,
41,
-17,
19,
0,
-3,
6,
8,
-12,
18,
-1,
-35,
2,
-35,
11,
23,
24,
18,
-11,
-21,
-61,
60,
27,
-35,
-18,
12,
35,
26,
-17,
26,
25,
0,
-23,
36,
38,
-15,
-9,
24,
-15,
16,
23,
4,
-22,
19,
2,
-25,
8,
-41,
-24,
-27,
-25,
2,
-10,
20,
32,
16,
16,
0,
21,
7,
39,
-9,
-37,
-9,
10,
38,
11,
-5,
-17,
10,
37,
27,
32,
-23,
-6,
-32,
-50,
-63,
-37,
-14,
3,
0,
-32,
-15,
29,
-10,
13,
-6,
14,
17,
-9,
-12,
-24,
-11,
-2,
36,
13,
30,
-9,
-4,
-22,
15,
16,
-11,
17,
0,
-10,
1,
-3,
-2,
-20,
14,
-8,
-17,
-2,
27,
-3,
41,
7,
24,
-18,
-4,
-30,
-14,
23,
-20,
-30,
-16,
14,
10,
-4,
20,
14,
2,
-20,
5,
-10,
17,
6,
31,
17,
-11,
-13,
-35,
-20,
7,
21,
11,
4,
36,
-14,
-28,
10,
3,
-24,
13,
-35,
-5,
-12,
19,
32,
46,
-35,
-21,
24,
-25,
1,
7,
50,
-5,
45,
18,
-5,
13,
6,
-29,
-52,
-9,
-9,
2,
31,
-36,
-4,
24,
-33,
-4,
-5,
20,
32,
15,
32,
-3,
-10,
51,
-23,
-6,
-6,
20,
14,
-42,
-30,
8,
2,
28,
-3,
-20,
6,
-15,
22,
13,
-26,
9,
15,
-24,
-19,
1,
-28,
6,
-37,
8,
-36,
-15,
-38,
12,
31,
9,
-26,
16,
-6,
27,
5,
-16,
-22,
-7,
-32,
-25,
24,
12,
5,
31,
12,
-14,
-16,
-1,
-39,
0,
-25,
-34,
9,
58,
-18,
35,
-10,
-22,
-7,
40,
-19,
5,
-21,
-30,
-15,
-2,
23,
10,
12,
9,
26,
29,
-23,
24,
7,
41,
15,
12,
-8,
-55,
-25,
-13,
-12,
-23,
21,
10,
1,
-31,
-2,
-13,
-18,
2,
15,
0,
22,
3,
-8,
-27,
-69,
18,
13,
7,
-57,
-30,
-7,
9,
-16,
-10,
37,
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] |
20231101.en_13205436_1
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Yinji
|
Battle of Yinji
|
Like other similar clashes immediately after the end of World War II between the communists and the nationalists in China, this conflict also rooted from the fact that Chiang Kai-shek had realized that his nationalist regime simply had neither the sufficient troops nor enough transportation assets to deploy his troops into the Japanese-occupied regions of China. Unwilling to let the communists who had already dominated most of the rural regions in China to further expand their territories by accepting the Japanese surrender and thus would consequently control the Japanese occupied regions, Chiang Kai-shek ordered the Japanese and their turncoat Chinese puppet regime not to surrender to the communists and kept their fighting capabilities to “maintain order” in the Japanese occupied regions, fighting off the communists as necessary, until the final arrivals and completion of the deployment of the nationalist troops. As a result, most members of the Japanese puppet regimes and their military forces rejoined the nationalists.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13205436_2
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Yinji
|
Battle of Yinji
|
However, most of these former nationalists turned Japanese puppet regime forces were not from Chiang Kai-shek's own clique, but instead, they were mainly consisted of troops of warlords who were only nominally under the Chiang Kai-shek's before World War II, since they were nationalists in name only and mostly maintained their independent and semi-independent status. These warlords were only interested in keeping their own power and defected to the Japanese side when Japanese invaders offered to let them keep their power in exchange for their collaborations. After World War II, these forces of former Japanese puppet regimes once again returned to the nationalist camp for the same reason they defected to the Japanese invaders. Obviously, it was difficult for Chiang to immediately get rid of these warlords for good as soon as they surrendered to Chiang and rejoined nationalists, because such move would alienate other factions within the nationalist ranks, and these former Japanese puppet regime's warlords could still help the nationalists to gain more territories by holding on to what was under their control until Chiang completed the deployment of his own troops to take over. Chiang Kai-shek's objective was to simultaneously solve the warlord problem that had plagued China for so long and the problem of the extermination of communism together, which proved to be an extremely fatal mistake for him and his nationalist regime later on, as shown in this conflict.
|
[
14,
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] |
20231101.en_13205436_3
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Yinji
|
Battle of Yinji
|
In accordance with his strategy to simultaneously solve the warlord problem that had plagued China for so long and the problem of the extermination of communism together, Chiang Kai-shek and his followers had hoped that these former Japanese puppet regime's warlords who rejoined the nationalists would be able to hold on to the regions long enough for Chiang to deploy his own troops by holding off communists. If the communists were victorious in such conflicts, however, the result would still benefit to Chiang and China because the power of these warlords would be reduced as their military forces were smashed by the communists, and the warlord problem plagued China for so long could thus be greatly reduced, while at the same time, communists would be weakened by the fights and Chiang's own troops would have easier time to take control.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13205436_4
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Yinji
|
Battle of Yinji
|
For the former nationalist turned Japanese puppet regime forces, these warlords and their troops had no problem of following Chiang Kai-shek's orders, and they were eager to prove themselves. These warlords and their troops were well aware that due to the collaboration with the Japanese invaders during the Second Sino-Japanese War, they were well hated by the general population in China, including those nationalists who refused to surrender to the enemy and fought the enemy until the eventual victory. Therefore, in the impending demilitarization after World War II, they would certainly be disarmed and discharged, which would probably be the best outcome and the power of these warlord would be reduced or even completely eliminated as a result. Chiang Kai-shek's ordering them not surrendering to the communists and fighting off the communists was a savior for them because by carrying out such orders, these warlords and their troops could legitimize themselves and thus retain their power by fighting the communists who were targeted as rebels by Chiang Kai-shek and his nationalist regime.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13205436_5
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Yinji
|
Battle of Yinji
|
The communist strategy was much simpler than that of the nationalists because there was not any huge division within the communist rank like that of the nationalist. The communists already earned considerable popular support by being the only Chinese force left in the region fighting the Japanese invaders and their puppet regime after the nationalist withdrew, and after successfully establishing communist bases in the rural regions where better life was provided to the general populace in comparison to that of Japanese occupied regions, the general Chinese populace agreed that the communists were well deserved to represent the China to accept the invaders’ surrender in the region and takeover the regions occupied by the invaders.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13205436_6
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Yinji
|
Battle of Yinji
|
On August 26, 1945, the 13th Brigade of the 5th Division of the communist New Fourth Army decided to take Yin Village (Yinji, 尹集) of Wuyang (舞阳) County in southern Henan by force after the local defenders consisted of former nationalists turned Japanese puppet regime force who rejoined the nationalists after World War II refused to surrender. The 38th Regiment, 2 battalions of 39th Regiment, and 4 companies of the 4th Marching-on Regiment of the 13th Brigade of the 5th Division of the communist New Fourth Army attacked the village from both the east and the west. The communist 38th Regiment first annihilated a regiment of defenders at the outskirt of the village while at night, the two battalions of the communist 39th Regiment annihilated another regiment of defenders at Cypress Village Camp (Baizhuangzhai, 柏庄寨). After losing two regiments and all of strongholds outside the village, the remaining defenders lost the will to fight and escaped to Wuyang (舞阳) on August 27, 1945. The communists managed to capture more than 800 defenders alive and over 300 guns in their victory.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13205436_7
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Yinji
|
Battle of Yinji
|
Like other similar clashes immediately after the end of World War II between the communists and the nationalists in China, this conflict also showed that Chiang Kai-shek's attempt to simultaneously solve the warlord problem that had plagued China for so long and the problem of the extermination of communism together proved to be a fatal mistake. Although the result of the campaign turned out exactly like Chiang Kai-shek and his subordinates had predicted, and consequently the power of the warlords in this region was indeed reduced as their military forces were smashed by the communists, so that the warlord problem plagued China for so long was thus reduced for this particular region, and Chiang Kai-shek's secondary objective was achieved here, any positive gains obtained by the nationalists were negated by the politic fallout. The reason was that this success of achieving the secondary objective came at a huge cost in nationalists’ loss of popular support in this region formerly dominated by the Japanese, because the local population had already blamed nationalists for losing the regions to the Japanese invaders, while reassigning these former Japanese puppet regime forces as the nationalist forces to fight the communists, the only Chinese force left in the regions, only further alienated the local populace and strengthened the popular resentment to Chiang Kai-shek and his nationalist government.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13205436_8
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Yinji
|
Battle of Yinji
|
Zhu, Zongzhen and Wang, Chaoguang, Liberation War History, 1st Edition, Social Scientific Literary Publishing House in Beijing, 2000, (set)
|
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20231101.en_13205436_9
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Yinji
|
Battle of Yinji
|
Zhang, Ping, History of the Liberation War, 1st Edition, Chinese Youth Publishing House in Beijing, 1987, (pbk.)
|
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] |
20231101.en_13205436_10
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Yinji
|
Battle of Yinji
|
Jie, Lifu, Records of the Liberation War: The Decisive Battle of Two Kinds of Fates, 1st Edition, Hebei People's Publishing House in Shijiazhuang, 1990, (set)
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20231101.en_13205436_11
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Yinji
|
Battle of Yinji
|
Literary and Historical Research Committee of the Anhui Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, Liberation War, 1st Edition, Anhui People's Publishing House in Hefei, 1987,
|
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] |
20231101.en_13205436_12
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Yinji
|
Battle of Yinji
|
Li, Zuomin, Heroic Division and Iron Horse: Records of the Liberation War, 1st Edition, Chinese Communist Party History Publishing House in Beijing, 2004,
|
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] |
20231101.en_13205436_13
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Yinji
|
Battle of Yinji
|
Wang, Xingsheng, and Zhang, Jingshan, Chinese Liberation War, 1st Edition, People's Liberation Army Literature and Art Publishing House in Beijing, 2001, (set)
|
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20231101.en_13205436_14
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Yinji
|
Battle of Yinji
|
Huang, Youlan, History of the Chinese People's Liberation War, 1st Edition, Archives Publishing House in Beijing, 1992,
|
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] |
20231101.en_13205436_15
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Yinji
|
Battle of Yinji
|
Liu Wusheng, From Yan'an to Beijing: A Collection of Military Records and Research Publications of Important Campaigns in the Liberation War, 1st Edition, Central Literary Publishing House in Beijing, 1993,
|
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] |
20231101.en_13205436_16
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Yinji
|
Battle of Yinji
|
Tang, Yilu and Bi, Jianzhong, History of Chinese People's Liberation Army in Chinese Liberation War, 1st Edition, Military Scientific Publishing House in Beijing, 1993 – 1997, (Volum 1), 7800219615 (Volum 2), 7800219631 (Volum 3), 7801370937 (Volum 4), and 7801370953 (Volum 5)
|
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] |
20231101.en_13205440_0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kavli%20Prize
|
Kavli Prize
|
The Kavli Prize was established in 2005 as a joint venture of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters, the Norwegian Ministry of Education and Research, and the Kavli Foundation. It honors, supports, and recognizes scientists for outstanding work in the fields of astrophysics, nanoscience and neuroscience. Three prizes are awarded every second year. Each of the three Kavli Prizes consists of a gold medal, a scroll, and a cash award of US$1,000,000. The medal has a diameter of , a thickness of , and weighs .
|
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] |
20231101.en_13205440_1
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kavli%20Prize
|
Kavli Prize
|
The first Kavli Prizes were awarded on 9 September 2008 in Oslo, presented by Haakon, Crown Prince of Norway.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13205440_2
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kavli%20Prize
|
Kavli Prize
|
The Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters appoints three prize committees consisting of leading international scientists after receiving recommendations made from the following organisations:
|
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] |
20231101.en_13205449_0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin%20McMahon%20%28Gaelic%20footballer%29
|
Kevin McMahon (Gaelic footballer)
|
Kevin McMahon (born 1982 in Rosscarbery, County Cork) is an Irish sportsperson. He plays Gaelic football with his local club Carbery Rangers and was a member of the Cork senior inter-county team from 2004 until 2008.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13205458_0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massey%20Ranch%20Airpark
|
Massey Ranch Airpark
|
Massey Ranch Airpark is a general aviation airport in Edgewater, Florida, United States. The airport is part of an airport community, with homes located on the airport, and hangars built next to most homes. The airport was opened in 1957 and is open to the public.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13205463_0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Baoying
|
Battle of Baoying
|
The Battle of Baoying (宝应战斗) was a part of the Chinese Civil War in the immediate post-World War II era. The battle was fought in the Baoying (宝应) region in central Jiangsu. It was a clash between the communists and the former nationalists turned Japanese puppet regime force who rejoined the nationalists after World War II. The battle resulted in a communist victory.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13205463_1
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Baoying
|
Battle of Baoying
|
Like other similar clashes immediately after the end of World War II between the communists and the nationalists in China, this conflict also rooted from the fact that Chiang Kai-shek had realized that his nationalist regime simply had neither the sufficient troops nor enough transportation assets to deploy his troops into the Japanese-occupied regions of China. Unwilling to let the communists who had already dominated most of the rural regions in China to further expand their territories by accepting the Japanese surrender and thus would consequently control the Japanese occupied regions, Chiang Kai-shek ordered the Japanese and their turncoat Chinese puppet regime not to surrender to the communists and kept their fighting capabilities to “maintain order” in the Japanese occupied regions, fighting off the communists as necessary, until the final arrivals and completion of the deployment of the nationalist troops. As a result, most members of the Japanese puppet regimes and their military forces rejoined the nationalists.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13205463_2
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Baoying
|
Battle of Baoying
|
However, most of these former nationalists turned Japanese puppet regime forces were not from Chiang Kai-shek's own clique, but instead, they were mainly consisted of troops of warlords who were only nominally under the Chiang Kai-shek's before World War II, since they were nationalists in name only and mostly maintained their independent and semi-independent status. These warlords were only interested in keeping their own power and defected to the Japanese side when Japanese invaders offered to let them keep their power in exchange for their collaborations. After World War II, these forces of former Japanese puppet regimes once again returned to the nationalist camp for the same reason they defected to the Japanese invaders. Obviously, it was difficult for Chiang to immediately get rid of these warlords for good as soon as they surrendered to Chiang and rejoined nationalists, because such move would alienate other factions within the nationalist ranks, and these former Japanese puppet regime's warlords could still help the nationalists to gain more territories by holding on to what was under their control until Chiang completed the deployment of his own troops to take over. Chiang Kai-shek's objective was to simultaneously solve the warlord problem that had plagued China for so long and the problem of the extermination of communism together, which proved to be an extremely fatal mistake for him and his nationalist regime later on, as shown in this conflict.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13205463_3
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Baoying
|
Battle of Baoying
|
In accordance with his strategy to simultaneously solve the warlord problem that had plagued China for so long and the problem of the extermination of communism together, Chiang Kai-shek and his followers had hoped that these former Japanese puppet regime's warlords who rejoined the nationalists would be able to hold on to the regions long enough for Chiang to deploy his own troops by holding off communists. If the communists were victorious in such conflicts, however, the result would still benefit to Chiang and China because the power of these warlords would be reduced as their military forces were smashed by the communists, and the warlord problem plagued China for so long could thus be greatly reduced, while at the same time, communists would be weakened by the fights and Chiang's own troops would have easier time to take control.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13205463_4
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Baoying
|
Battle of Baoying
|
For the former nationalist turned Japanese puppet regime forces, these warlords and their troops had no problem of following Chiang Kai-shek's orders, and they were eager to prove themselves. These warlords and their troops were well aware that due to the collaboration with the Japanese invaders during the Second Sino-Japanese War, they were well hated by the general population in China, including those nationalists who refused to surrender to the enemy and fought the enemy until the eventual victory. Therefore, in the impending demilitarization after World War II, they would certainly be disarmed and discharged, which would probably be the best outcome and the power of these warlord would be reduced or even completely eliminated as a result. Chiang Kai-shek's ordering them not surrendering to the communists and fighting off the communists was a savior for them because by carrying out such orders, these warlords and their troops could legitimize themselves and thus retain their power by fighting the communists who were targeted as rebels by Chiang Kai-shek and his nationalist regime.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13205463_5
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Baoying
|
Battle of Baoying
|
The communist strategy was much simpler than that of the nationalists because there was not any huge division within the communist rank like that of the nationalist. The communists already earned considerable popular support by being the only Chinese force left in the region fighting the Japanese invaders and their puppet regime after the nationalist withdrew, and after successfully establishing communist bases in the rural regions where better life was provided to the general populace in comparison to that of Japanese occupied regions, the general Chinese populace agreed that the communists were well deserved to represent the China to accept the invaders’ surrender in the region and takeover the regions occupied by the invaders.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13205463_6
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Baoying
|
Battle of Baoying
|
On August 21, 1945, the 13th Brigade of the 5th Division of the communist New Fourth Army decided to take the town of Baoying (宝应) in central Jiangsu by force after the local defenders consisted of former nationalists turned Japanese puppet regime force who rejoined the nationalists after World War II refused to surrender. The battle begun on August 15, 1945, and the attacking communists were soon succeeding in taking all enemy strongholds outside the town. A week later, the communists succeeded in breaching the defense of the town at the night of August 22, 1945. By the next day, the defenders were completely annihilated, with the deputy regimental commander captured alive along with most of his troops by the attacking communists. In addition, the communists also captured more than 60 machine guns and over 600 firearms, and the vast stretch of 100 km along the Grand Canal of China from Gaoyou to Huai'an had fallen to the communist hands.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13205463_7
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Baoying
|
Battle of Baoying
|
Like other similar clashes immediately after the end of World War II between the communists and the nationalists in China, this conflict also showed that Chiang Kai-shek's attempt to simultaneously solve the warlord problem that had plagued China for so long and the problem of the extermination of communism together proved to be a fatal mistake. Although the result of the campaign turned out exactly like Chiang Kai-shek and his subordinates had predicted, and consequently the power of the warlords in this region was indeed reduced as their military forces were smashed by the communists, so that the warlord problem plagued China for so long was thus reduced for this particular region, and Chiang Kai-shek's secondary objective was achieved here, any positive gains obtained by the nationalists were negated by the politic fallout. The reason was that this success of achieving the secondary objective came at a huge cost in nationalists’ loss of popular support in this region formerly dominated by the Japanese, because the local population had already blamed nationalists for losing the regions to the Japanese invaders, while reassigning these former Japanese puppet regime forces as the nationalist forces to fight the communists, the only Chinese force left in the regions, only further alienated the local populace and strengthened the popular resentment to Chiang Kai-shek and his nationalist government(The Wangs).
|
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] |
20231101.en_13205463_8
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Baoying
|
Battle of Baoying
|
Zhu, Zongzhen and Wang, Chaoguang, Liberation War History, 1st Edition, Social Scientific Literary Publishing House in Beijing, 2000, (set)
|
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] |
20231101.en_13205463_9
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Baoying
|
Battle of Baoying
|
Zhang, Ping, History of the Liberation War, 1st Edition, Chinese Youth Publishing House in Beijing, 1987, (pbk.)
|
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] |
20231101.en_13205463_10
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Baoying
|
Battle of Baoying
|
Jie, Lifu, Records of the Liberation War: The Decisive Battle of Two Kinds of Fates, 1st Edition, Hebei People's Publishing House in Shijiazhuang, 1990, (set)
|
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] |
20231101.en_13205463_11
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Baoying
|
Battle of Baoying
|
Literary and Historical Research Committee of the Anhui Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, Liberation War, 1st Edition, Anhui People's Publishing House in Hefei, 1987,
|
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] |
20231101.en_13205463_12
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Baoying
|
Battle of Baoying
|
Li, Zuomin, Heroic Division and Iron Horse: Records of the Liberation War, 1st Edition, Chinese Communist Party History Publishing House in Beijing, 2004,
|
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20231101.en_13205463_13
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Baoying
|
Battle of Baoying
|
Wang, Xingsheng, and Zhang, Jingshan, Chinese Liberation War, 1st Edition, People's Liberation Army Literature and Art Publishing House in Beijing, 2001, (set)
|
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] |
20231101.en_13205463_14
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Baoying
|
Battle of Baoying
|
Huang, Youlan, History of the Chinese People's Liberation War, 1st Edition, Archives Publishing House in Beijing, 1992,
|
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] |
20231101.en_13205463_15
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Baoying
|
Battle of Baoying
|
Liu Wusheng, From Yan'an to Beijing: A Collection of Military Records and Research Publications of Important Campaigns in the Liberation War, 1st Edition, Central Literary Publishing House in Beijing, 1993,
|
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] |
20231101.en_13205463_16
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Baoying
|
Battle of Baoying
|
Tang, Yilu and Bi, Jianzhong, History of Chinese People's Liberation Army in Chinese Liberation War, 1st Edition, Military Scientific Publishing House in Beijing, 1993 – 1997, (Volume 1), 7800219615 (Volume 2), 7800219631 (Volume 3), 7801370937 (Volume 4), and 7801370953 (Volume 5)
|
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] |
20231101.en_13205502_0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcindo
|
Alcindo
|
Alcindo Martha de Freitas (31 March 1945 – 27 August 2016), known simply as Alcindo, was a Brazilian footballer who played as a midfielder.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13205502_1
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcindo
|
Alcindo
|
During his club career he played for Rio Grande (1963), Grêmio (1964–1971), Santos (1971–1973), Club Jalisco (1973) and Club América (1974–76) of Mexico, and Francana (1978). Alcindo is Grêmio's all-time leading scorer with 636 career goals for the club.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13205502_2
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcindo
|
Alcindo
|
He was part of the Brazilian team for the 1966 FIFA World Cup. In total he earned 7 caps and scored 1 goal for Brazil. His brother Alfeu played for San Lorenzo de Almagro, in Argentina. He died from complications of diabetes on 27 August 2016.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13205506_0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grease%20ice
|
Grease ice
|
Grease ice is a very thin, soupy layer of frazil crystals clumped together, which makes the ocean surface resemble an oil slick. Grease ice is the second stage in the formation of solid sea ice after ice floes and then frazil ice.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13205506_1
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grease%20ice
|
Grease ice
|
New sea ice formation takes place throughout the winter in the Arctic. The first ice that forms in a polynya are loose ice crystals called frazil ice. If the level of turbulence is sufficient, the frazil ice will be mixed down into the upper layer and form a surface layer of grease ice.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13205506_2
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grease%20ice
|
Grease ice
|
The term ‘grease ice’ follows World Meteorological Organization nomenclature. Grease ice differs from ‘slush’, where slush is similarly created by snow falling into the top layer of an ocean basin, river, or lake. The two terms are related due to the process of ice crystals being blown into a polynya which can be the initiation of the grease ice layer, given a minimum level of mixing and cooling of the ocean surface.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13205506_3
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grease%20ice
|
Grease ice
|
When the water surface begins to lose heat rapidly, the water becomes supercooled. Turbulence, caused by strong winds or flow from a river, will mix the supercooled water throughout its entire depth. The supercooled water will already be encouraging the formation of small ice crystals (frazil ice) and the crystals will be mixed into the upper layer and form a surface layer.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13205506_4
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grease%20ice
|
Grease ice
|
Sea ice growth in turbulent water differs from sea ice growth in calm water. In turbulent water, the ice crystals accumulate at the surface, forming a grease-ice layer composed of individual ice crystals and small irregular clumps of ice crystals. In calm water conditions, nilas, a thick elastic crust, forms at the surface, which thickens as water molecules freeze to the ice-water interface.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13205517_0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krapcho%20decarboxylation
|
Krapcho decarboxylation
|
The Krapcho decarboxylation is the chemical reaction of esters with halide anions. The ester must contain an electron-withdrawing group in the beta position, such as β-ketoesters, malonic esters, α-cyanoesters, or α-sulfonylesters. It works best with methyl esters, since methyl groups are more susceptible to SN2-reaction than are larger alkyl ester substituents, such as ethyl or propyl groups. The byproducts of this decarbomethoxylation are chloromethane and CO2. They are lost as gases, which helps drive the reaction.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13205517_1
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krapcho%20decarboxylation
|
Krapcho decarboxylation
|
The Krapcho decarboxylation is a useful way to manipulate malonic esters because it cleaves only one of the two ester groups. The apparent alternative, base hydrolysis followed by decarboxylation, requires a subsequent step to regenerate the ester.
|
[
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] |
20231101.en_13205523_0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ross%20Bolleter
|
Ross Bolleter
|
Ross Bolleter (born 1946, Subiaco, Western Australia) is a composer and musician whose work is focused on ruined pianos. His recordings are available on Emanem (London), Pogus (New York), New Albion (San Francisco) and Tall Poppies (Sydney), as well as on his WARPS (World Association for Ruined Piano Studies) label.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13205523_1
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ross%20Bolleter
|
Ross Bolleter
|
Bolleter studied the music theory as well as its history and composition at the University of Western Australia between 1964 and 1967. This fired his interest in the music of composers such as Webern, Boulez and Cage. After playing the piano for six years at the Parmelia Hilton, he explored non-conventional timbral and rhythmic possibilities of the prepared piano and released a cassette, The Temple of Joyous Bones, which featured the piano. Bolleter found inspiration in the eighties playing and recording improvised music with flautist Tos Mahoney and double bassist, Ryszard Ratajczak.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13205523_2
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ross%20Bolleter
|
Ross Bolleter
|
Over the past thirty years Bolleter has explored the timbral possibilities of ruined pianos, as quoted: old pianos that have been exposed to the elements of time and weather thus acquiring novel and unexpected musical possibilities. A piano is ruined (rather than neglected or devastated) when it has been abandoned to all weathers and has become a decaying box of unpredictable dongs, tonks and dedoomps. The notes that do not work are at least as interesting as those that do.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13205523_3
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ross%20Bolleter
|
Ross Bolleter
|
Ross Bolleter has five ruined pianos in his kitchen including the original ruined piano from Nallan Sheep Station, near Cue, 800 km north east of Perth, Western Australia. At Kim Hack's and Penny Mossops's olive farm, Wambyn, near York, Western Australia, Kim Hack and Bolleter developed the Ruined Piano Sanctuary, where some forty pianos are ruining in their own ways, and at their own pace, variously under trees, in dams, and on roofs. Bolleter's CD Frontier Piano, which represents the best of his work from 2007–2014, is almost entirely devoted to recordings of these dying pianos. Each piano in decay is a long-running composition. Death comes to every piano, and dying, each sings a different kind of song.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13205523_4
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ross%20Bolleter
|
Ross Bolleter
|
In 1989 Bolleter set up the Synchronicity Project where he devised a series of intuitive pieces where musicians improvised simultaneously but in different centres in Australia and across the world. In several instances these pieces were set up to cast a net for synchronistic events, especially musical synchronicities. The Synchronicity Project produced a series of radiophonic works. The first of these works was Simulplay 1 (September 1989) had Jim Denley playing flute to a live audience at the B rucknerhaus in the Ars Electronica in Linz, Austria – with Bolleter playing piano and accordion, together with Carol Henning playing plastic trombone, in the ABC radio studios, Perth. The second work, That Time/Simulplay 2 – an intuitive piece for two musicians on opposite sides of a continent, playing at precisely the same time but unable to hear each other, while a radio audience hears both of them – involved Ryszard Ratajczak playing double bass in Studio 210 of ABC FM Sydney with Bolleter playing both pianos in separate recordings in ABC's Studio 621, Perth. That Time/Simulplay 2 was released on the Pogus label, New York, as part of the album Crow Country in 2000. <Ross Bolleter and Rowan Hammond:“Improvising with synchronistic experiences” in NMA 9, Melbourne, 1991>
|
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] |
20231101.en_13205523_5
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ross%20Bolleter
|
Ross Bolleter
|
Another radiophonic piece Pocket Sky: a worldwide link up between Jim Denley (Radio ORF Vienna), Stevie Wishart (BBC London), David Moss (SFR Berlin), Jon Rose (ABC Sydney), Simone de Haan (ABC Melbourne), and Bolleter (ABC Perth), took place on 21 October 1991. It was released as the CD Pocket Sky (2004) (WARPS W08).
|
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] |
20231101.en_13205523_6
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ross%20Bolleter
|
Ross Bolleter
|
Bolleter's 1996 piece Left Hand of the Universe CD (WARPS W02) linked up Michal Murin and other Slovak and Czech musicians in Bratislava, and Stephen Scott and various musicians at Colorado College, without recourse to radio. All the musicians were playing ruined instruments, or were in the process of ruining them. Left Hand of the Universe was released on CD in 1997 as WARPS W02.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13205523_7
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ross%20Bolleter
|
Ross Bolleter
|
Bolleter's output also includes three CDs of café music: Paradise Café, Café Sophia and Café Antoinette which feature him playing the accordion, his film music, and his songs. Bolleter's songs, sung by Anthony Cormican, are also featured on their CD Songs from the Third Watch. This CD includes Bolleter's setting of Kenneth Slessor's 1937 poem Five Bells and Cormican's setting of Billy Strayhorn's Lush Life.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13205523_8
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ross%20Bolleter
|
Ross Bolleter
|
Bolleter has released more than thirty CDs, primarily of ruined piano compositions and improvisations. His CD Crow Country, released on the Pogus label as Pogus 7 6034-21021-2 (New York, 2000.), was nominated as one of the 10 best albums of 1999 by Cadence Magazine (New York) and constitutes the best of his work from 1988 to 1999. Secret Sandhills and Satellites, released on the Emanem label, London, UK (2006), was voted best CD of September 2006 by Blow Up magazine (Italy), and number two CD of the year by dMute Magazine (Jazz and Improvised Music), France. Secret Sandhills and Satellites presents the best of Bolleter's work from 2001 to 2006.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13205523_9
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ross%20Bolleter
|
Ross Bolleter
|
Bolleter has performed with a variety of artists including Kavisha Mazzella, Tos Mahoney, Ryszard Ratajczak, Mark Cain, K.K.Null, Jim Denley, Jon Rose, David Moss, Simone de Haan, Michal Murin, Zdenek Plachy, Milan Adanciak, Stephen Scott, David Kotlowy, and Richard Lynn – as well as with bands such as the Black Eyed Susans. From 2000 to 2016, he has worked with producer/composer Anthony Cormican in a collaboration uniting Anthony's work with the music editing program Pro Tools with his own ultra-low tech ruined pianos. Since 2010, Bolleter has collaborated with the visual artist and composer Antoinette Carrier in work which includes her woven pianos as well as her creation of the first urban Piano Sanctuary in Bedford, Western Australia. Carrier's CD Nothing as a Thing was released on the WARPS label.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13205523_10
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ross%20Bolleter
|
Ross Bolleter
|
Bolleter performed as an accordionist/story teller at the Adelaide Festival of 1998, and on ruined piano(s) at the Australian National Academy of Music (ANAM) in "Piano!" (2009), in the Ten Days on the Island Festival, where he created the project "Ruined" (2008) and in various of Tura New Music's Totally Huge New Music Festivals under the artistic direction of Tos Mahoney, beginning with the Ruined Piano Convergence of 2005. Bolleter's work is regularly featured on ABC's Radio National and ABC FM.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13205523_11
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ross%20Bolleter
|
Ross Bolleter
|
Film maker Robert Castiglione has made a film of Bolleter's work with ruined pianos entitled Invitation to Ruin. It was shown in Tura's Totally Huge New Music Festival of 2015. Andrew Ford, in his book In Defence of Classical Music<ABC Books><Sydney, 2005> has a chapter on Bolleter's work entitled Things fall apart in the music of Ross Bolleter.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13205523_12
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ross%20Bolleter
|
Ross Bolleter
|
Ross Bolleter is an Australian Zen Buddhist teacher in the Diamond Sangha lineage. He trained with Robert Aitken and John Tarrant from 1982 to 1992. In 1992 he was authorized to teach by John Tarrant, and received transmission from Robert Aitken and John Tarrant in 1997. He teaches primarily in the Zen Group of Western Australia, but has also taught extensively elsewhere in Australia, and in New Zealand. His successors are: Mary Jaksch, Susan Murphy, Bob Joyner, Ian Sweetman, Glenn Wallis, Arthur Wells and Mari Rhydwen.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13205523_13
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ross%20Bolleter
|
Ross Bolleter
|
Bolleter's book The Five Ranks of Dongshan: Keys to Enlightenment was published by Wisdom Publications in 2014. His second book: "The Crow Flies Backwards and Other New Zen Koans" was published by Wisdom Publications in 2018. The koans in the Crow have as their themes: love, relationships, childbirth, work, and creativity, amongst others. For a selection of Bolleter's talks and reviews of his Five Ranks book see http://bolleterzen.com See also http://www.zgwa.org.au for information on the Zen Group of Western Australia, and other Bolleter podcasts.
|
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] |
20231101.en_13205523_14
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ross%20Bolleter
|
Ross Bolleter
|
<Ross Bolleter: The Five Ranks of Dongshan: Keys to Enlightenment (Wisdom Publications, Massachusetts, 2014)>
|
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] |
20231101.en_13205523_15
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ross%20Bolleter
|
Ross Bolleter
|
<Ross Bolleter: The Crow Flies Backwards and Other New Zen Koans (Wisdom Publications, Massachusetts, 2018)>
|
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] |
20231101.en_13205523_16
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ross%20Bolleter
|
Ross Bolleter
|
Fremantle Press published a volume of Bolleter's poems, Piano Hill in 2009. His earlier book of poems All the Iron Night was published by Smokebush Press in 2004. A book of one hundred prose poems entitled Blind Summits by Christopher Konrad and Ross Bolleter was published by Sunline Press in 2020. Bolleter's book Average Human Heart, which includes one hundred "left hand" stories as well as prose poems, was published by Editions Lenka Lente in 2022. His volume of poems, Track me Down (Retrouve me trace) is due for publication in a bilingual edition (English and French) by Editions Lenka Lente in April 2023.
|
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