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12,300 | Please write an abstract with title: A Lightweight Framework for Retrieve IP Device Status Based on MQTT Protocol, and key words: Transport protocols, Internet, IP networks, Telemetry, Monitoring. Abstract: The problem with the network is one of the most daunting IT failures. Network devices must be monitor at all time. To follow up the status of all network devices are necessary for administrator to handle when things go wrong just in time; nevertheless, each network device has support by network protocol differently. Consequently, the information of the network device with different vendor may not be easily to exchanged and obtained. This work proposed a lightweight framework for retrieve the status of IP device located in local network which compatible with all existing IP devices. The proposed framework detects the status of IP device located in internal network using Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) then send the status to the public network through Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) protocol. |
12,301 | Please write an abstract with title: Low Latency Bearing Fault Detection of Direct-Drive Wind Turbines Using Stator Current, and key words: Stators, Fault detection, Wind turbines, Delays, Training, Real-time systems, Shafts. Abstract: Low latency change detection aims to minimize the detection delay of an abrupt change in probability distributions of a random process, subject to certain performance constraints such as the probability of false alarm (PFA). In this paper, we study the low latency detection of bearing faults of direct-drive wind turbines (WT), by analyzing the statistical behaviors of stator currents generated by the WT in real-time. It is discovered that the presence of fault will affect the statistical distribution of WT stator current amplitude at certain frequencies. Since the signature of a fault can appear in one of the multiple possible frequencies, we need to monitor the signals on multiple frequencies simultaneously, and each possible frequency is denoted as a candidate. Based on the unique properties of WT bearing faults, we propose a new multi-candidate low latency detection algorithm that can combine the statistics of signals from multiple candidate frequencies. The new algorithm does not require a separate training phase, and it can be directly applied to the stator current data and perform online detection of various possible bearing faults. The theoretical performance of the proposed algorithm is analytically identified in the form of upper bounds of the PFA and average detection delay (ADD). The algorithm allows flexible parametric adjustment of the tradeoff between PFA and ADD. |
12,302 | Please write an abstract with title: <i>OpenGAN</i>: Open-Set Recognition Via Open Data Generation, and key words: Training, Generative adversarial networks, Image recognition, Generators, Training data, Open data, Image reconstruction. Abstract: Real-world machine learning systems need to analyze test data that may differ from training data. In K-way classification, this is crisply formulated as open-set recognition, core to which is the ability to discriminate open-set data outside the K closed-set classes. Two conceptually elegant ideas for open-set discrimination are: 1) discriminatively learning an open-vs-closed binary discriminator by exploiting some outlier data as the open-set, and 2) unsupervised learning the closed-set data distribution with a GAN, using its discriminator as the open-set likelihood function. However, the former generalizes poorly to diverse open test data due to overfitting to the training outliers, which are unlikely to exhaustively span the open-world. The latter does not work well, presumably due to the unstable training of GANs. Motivated by the above, we propose OpenGAN, which addresses the limitation of each approach by combining them with several technical insights. First, we show that a carefully selected GAN-discriminator on some real outlier data already achieves the state-of-the-art. Second, we augment the available set of real open training examples with adversarially synthesized “fake” data. Third and most importantly, we build the discriminator over the features computed by the closed-world K-way networks. This allows OpenGAN to be implemented via a lightweight discriminator head built on top of an existing K-way network. Extensive experiments show that OpenGAN significantly outperforms prior open-set methods. |
12,303 | Please write an abstract with title: Real-Time Implementation of Adaptive Neural Controller by Labview Software, and key words: Neural networks, Switches, Control systems, Real-time systems, Stability analysis, Complexity theory, Mathematical model. Abstract: This paper presents one of the practical solutions for the real-time control of nonlinear systems using adaptive neural network-based control theory and shows two possible structures for this theory. The direct adaptive control (DAC) and indirect adaptive control (IDAC). Real-time test results reveal that the adaptive neural control structures suggested are practically feasible. The proposed structures have been implemented in Lab Viewsoftware and tested in real-time using a laboratory position control system. |
12,304 | Please write an abstract with title: Parametric oscillator tuning curve from observations of total parametric fluorescence, and key words: Oscillators, Fluorescence, Optical tuning, Power measurement, Frequency, Nonlinear optics, Optical pumping, Optical sensors, Bandwidth, Wavelength measurement. Abstract: Measurements of total emitted parametric fluorescence power are presented and used to fix one point on the predicted tuning curve of a parametric oscillator. The method is particularly useful for predicting the tuning curve of infrared pumped parametric oscillators. Experimental results, which verify the usefulness of the technique in a 1.06-μ-pumped oscillator, are presented. |
12,305 | Please write an abstract with title: Real-time iris detection on faces with coronal axis rotation, and key words: Face detection, Iris, Eyes, Video sequences, Tracking, Application software, Magnetic heads, Augmented virtuality, Face recognition, Man machine systems. Abstract: Real-time face and iris detection on video sequences is important in diverse applications such as, study of the eye function, drowsiness detection, virtual keyboard interfaces, face recognition and multimedia retrieval. In previous work we developed a non-invasive real time iris detection method consisting of three stages: coarse face detection, fine face detection and iris boundary detection. In this paper, iris detection is considered on faces with rotations in the coronal axis within the range -40/spl deg/ to 40/spl deg/. It is shown that a line integral over the directional image as a function of the template rotation, has a maximum when the face and template coincide in rotation angle. The method was applied on 10 video sequences, with a total of 6470 frames, from different subjects rotating their faces in the coronal axis. Results of correct face detection on 8 video sequences were 100%, one reached 99.9% and one 98.2%. Results on correct iris detection are above 96% in 9 of the video sequences and one reached 77.8%. The method was implemented in real-time (30 frames per second) with a PC 1.8 GHz. |
12,306 | Please write an abstract with title: Analysis and Optimization of the Axial Electromagnetic Force for an Axial-Flux Permanent Magnet Vernier Machine, and key words: Electromagnetic forces, Rotors, Force, Air gaps, Stator windings, Torque. Abstract: The axial-flux permanent magnet vernier machine (PMVM) is a competitive machine applied in the field of direct-drive which features on low speed and high torque. The rotor of axial-flux PMVM has a tendency to deflect to stator under the effect of the large and unbalanced axial electromagnetic force, which probably results in the collision between rotor and stator. Therefore, this article presents an analysis and optimization of the axial electromagnetic force of the axial-flux PMVM. First, the three-dimensional finite-element model (3-D FEM) is converted to equivalent two dimensional finite-element model (2-D FEM) for further axial electromagnetic force derivation and optimization. Subsequently, four design parameters that are sensitive to the axial electromagnetic force are selected and analyzed for further optimization, which aims to obtain an equal output torque, and reduce the axial electromagnetic force of entire rotor and peak force density of axial electromagnetic force as much as possible. Finally, a Kriging model between the objective functions and design parameters is constructed based on considerable simulation results, and genetic algorithm is applied to search for the proposed optimized result which is ultimately validated by simulation. |
12,307 | Please write an abstract with title: AM/FM rate estimation for time-varying sinusoidal modeling, and key words: Frequency estimation, Frequency modulation, Interpolation, Phase estimation, Parameter estimation, Fast Fourier transforms, Amplitude estimation, Speech, Maximum likelihood estimation, Stability analysis. Abstract: Due to its simplicity and accuracy, quadratic peak interpolation in a zero-padded fast Fourier transform (FFT) has been widely used for sinusoidal parameter estimation in audio applications. We propose, as its natural extension, a method to estimate the first order amplitude and frequency modulation rates of time-varying sinusoidal components, as well as to correct biases in conventional amplitude, frequency and phase estimates. We derive exact formulas for Gaussian windows and obtain approximate formulas for often-used windows by introducing a simple window adaptation scheme. Experimental results show the average estimation biases of the AM and FM rates with a 30 ms Hann window are below 1% for typical AM/FM rates in speech. |
12,308 | Please write an abstract with title: A novel 2D filter design methodology for heterogeneous devices, and key words: Filters, Design methodology, Field programmable gate arrays, Convolution, Image processing, Kernel, Pixel, Digital signal processing, Singular value decomposition, Algorithm design and analysis. Abstract: In many image processing applications, fast convolution of an image with a large 2D filter is required. Field programable gate arrays (FPGAs) are often used to achieve this goal due to their fine grain parallelism and reconfigurability. However, the heterogeneous nature of modern reconfigurable devices is not usually considered during design optimization. This paper proposes an algorithm that explores the implementation architecture of 2D filters, targeting the minimization of the required area, by optimizing the usage of the different components in a heterogeneous device. Experiments show that the proposed algorithm can achieve a reduction in the required area in a range o to 70% when compared to current techniques. |
12,309 | Please write an abstract with title: On turbo-compression and modeling of black and white images, and key words: Image coding, Pixel, Entropy, Turbo codes, Probability distribution, Councils, Statistical distributions, Compression algorithms, Parity check codes, Transform coding. Abstract: This paper considers lossless compression of black and white images using recently developed distributed turbo compression techniques. An empirical study of image pixel statistics is initially conducted in order to apply turbo compression algorithms to distributed compression of image rows. In particular, it is noted that while the entropy of the pixels throughout the image does not vary much, the distribution and conditional distributions of pixel values are nonstationary. Corresponding compression bounds are noted, appropriate coding schemes based on turbo-codes are developed and simulation results are reported. |
12,310 | Please write an abstract with title: Recovering behavioral design models from execution traces, and key words: Object oriented modeling, Filtering, Algorithm design and analysis, System testing, Software systems, Data analysis, Context modeling, Unified modeling language, Filters, Software maintenance. Abstract: Recovering behavioral design models from execution traces is not an easy task due to the sheer size of typical traces. In this paper, we describe a novel technique for achieving this. Our approach is based on filtering traces by distinguishing the utility components from the ones that implement high-level concepts. In the paper, we first define the concept of utilities; then we present an algorithm based on fan-in analysis that can be used for the detection of utilities. To represent the high-level behavioral models, we explore the use case map (UCM) notation, which is a language used to describe and understand emergent behavior of complex and dynamic systems. Finally, we test the validity of our approach on an object-oriented system called TConfig. |
12,311 | Please write an abstract with title: Beyond ASTM D 5470 - The Impact of Boundary Conditions on Steady-State Thermal Interface Material Characterization, and key words: Thermal expansion, Shape, Shape measurement, Stacking, Thermal conductivity, Size measurement, Steady-state. Abstract: This paper addresses factors of the characterization process of thermal interface materials (TIMs) relevant for specific practical applications that are beyond the scope of the ASTM D 5470 standard. These factors include the thermal expansion of the test heads; the size, shape and tilt of the test clamp surfaces, as well as the stacking of samples to measure bulk conductivity. The influence of these factors was tested using the TIMA test stand, which offers testing capabilities within and beyond the scope of standard ASTM D 5470. It was found that these factors significantly influence the thermal performance of TIMs. This means that a measurement done in explicit conformance with ASTM D 5470 does not guarantee a result that represents the behaviour of the TIM in an application scenario. |
12,312 | Please write an abstract with title: Collaborative Multi-Sensing in Energy Harvesting Wireless Sensor Networks, and key words: Wireless sensor networks, Monitoring, Collaboration, Pollution measurement, Sensor phenomena and characterization, Estimation. Abstract: This article presents an adaptive multi-sensing (MS) framework for a network of densely deployed solar energy harvesting wireless nodes. Each node is mounted with heterogeneous sensors to sense multiple cross-correlated slowly-varying parameters/signals. Inherent spatio-temporal correlations of the observed parameters are exploited to adaptively activate a subset of sensors of a few nodes and turn-OFF the remaining ones. To do so, a multi-objective optimization problem that jointly optimizes sensing quality and network energy efficiency is solved for each monitoring parameter. To increase energy efficiency, network and node-level collaborations based multi-sensing strategies are proposed. The former one utilizes spatial proximity (SP) of nodes with active sensors (obtained from the MS) to further reduce the active sensors sets, while the latter one exploits cross-correlation (CC) among the observed parameters at each node to do so. A retraining logic is developed to prevent deterioration of sensing quality in MS-SP. For jointly estimating all the parameters across the field nodes using under-sampled measurements obtained from MS-CC based active sensors, a multi-sensor data fusion technique is presented. For this ill-posed estimation scenario, double sparsity due to spatial and cross-correlation among measurements is used to derive principal component analysis-based Kronecker sparsifying basis, and sparse Bayesian learning framework is then used for joint sparse estimation. Extensive simulation studies using synthetic (real) data illustrate that, the proposed MS-SP and MS-CC strategies are respectively 48.2 (52.09)% and 50.30 (8.13)% more energy-efficient compared to respective state-of-the-art techniques while offering stable sensing quality. Further, heat-maps of estimated field signals corresponding to synthetically generated and parsimoniously sensed multi-source parameters are also provided which may aid in source localization Internet-of-Things applications. |
12,313 | Please write an abstract with title: A differential game modeling approach to dynamic traffic assignment and traffic signal control, and key words: Traffic control, Communication system traffic control, Control systems, Automatic control, Open loop systems, Modeling, Intelligent transportation systems, Intelligent control, Systems engineering and theory, Automation. Abstract: In this paper, the combined dynamic traffic assignment and traffic signal control problems are discussed. After a brief retrospection to dynamic traffic assignment and traffic signal control is addressed, the conflict and interaction between dynamic traffic assignment and traffic signal control are analyzed. Then, the dynamic characteristic of traffic assignment and traffic signal control is considered and the theory of differential game is used to model. Dynamic traffic assignment and traffic signal control are formulated as a leader-follower differential game, in which a leader and multi-follower participate, under the open-loop information structure. Then, a leader-follower differential game model of dynamic traffic assignment and traffic signal control is proposed and the model is discreted and a simulated annealing algorithm is used to solve it. At last, a simulation is carried on a simple traffic network and numerical results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed differential game model. |
12,314 | Please write an abstract with title: A Model Predictive Control Volt/VAr Management System for the Froan network, and key words: Renewable energy sources, Systematics, Asia, Microgrids, Smart grids, Optimization, Resilience. Abstract: This work presents a Volt/VAr Management System, based on a Model Predictive Control strategy, which can be applied for managing dynamic network resilience. Dynamic network resilience, in this context, is associated with resilient microgrid operation (stable voltage profiles within admissible range) during the transition from grid-tied to island-mode operation. In addition, the predictive nature of the framework allows the systematic incorporation of forecasts on intermittent distributed renewable generation capacity and load demands which in turn can be utilized in a optimization based framework to optimally exploit network flexibility. The developed framework is validated for a migrogrid in the municipality of Frøya, Norway. |
12,315 | Please write an abstract with title: Simulation and Modeling of a Data Twin Service for the Autoclave Curing Process, and key words: Fourth Industrial Revolution, Machine learning, Computational modeling, Manufacturing, Digital twins, Data models, Graphical user interfaces, Human factors, Artificial intelligence. Abstract: The production of composite material components is a high priority in the aerospace and defense industry. It is important to introduce Industry 4.0 related technologies into this field for the purpose of innovating the factory system. Among the processes of the composite materials production, autoclave curing is the key to yielding durable and sustainable structures. However, the settings of the autoclave curing process still heavily rely on the experienced operators in the current practices. In this paper, we adopt the concept of Data Twin Service to allow the interaction between human intelligence and artificial intelligence. The developed Data Twin Service for the autoclave curing process enables the operators to simulate the placement of molds and learns to predict the curing time. Our service is a GUI application which employs a human-in-the-loop design approach and helps users perceive the simulation process intuitively. We propose a two-stage machine learning model to learn the curing time according to the parts and placement. The empirical study is conducted on the one-year historical data and has proven the practical feasibility of the proposed approach. Moreover, the service is currently being used in the manufacturing site and obtains satisfactory performance. |
12,316 | Please write an abstract with title: Implementation Technology of the Smart Museum of the South China Sea Museum Based on UWB, and key words: Three-dimensional displays, Real-time systems, Planning, Marine vehicles, Cultural differences, Cluster computing, Wireless communication. Abstract: Each sector in the social life is marching forward by applying the smart technology as the information era develops rapidly. It is able to realize the smart guiding function, the intelligent interpretation, cloud data analysis route planning, high efficient visit, hand-held preview of the museum and customization of visit strategy by relying on UWB indoor precise positioning technology, thus achieving the smart function of the South China Sea Museum. |
12,317 | Please write an abstract with title: Radio detection of ultra high-energy cosmic ray air showers, and key words: Dipole antennas, Antenna measurements, Helical antennas, Magnetic field measurement, Antenna arrays, Geomagnetism, Testing, Frequency measurement, Detectors, Polarization. Abstract: The LOPES experiment (LOFAR Prototype Station) has been built at the KASCADE-Grande experiment in order to test the LOFAR (LOw Frequency ARray) technology and demonstrate its capability for radio measurements in extensive air showers (EAS). We could for the first time demonstrate by this detector and the coincidence to KASCADE the origin of the radio signal from a geo-synchrotron effect and the coherent nature of the measured signals. After these results we developed the next generation of antennas easy to calibrate, with precise detection of polarization, low power electronics, and trigger with capability of self-triggering. Furthermore the background situation was measured and analyzed at the site of the southern and northern Auger observatory and KASCADE |
12,318 | Please write an abstract with title: Mathematical models of optimal distribution of water in main channels, and key words: Water, Irrigation, Conferences, Hydraulic systems, Information and communication technology, Mathematical model, Transient analysis. Abstract: Mathematical models of optimum water distribution in channels of irrigation systems under the conditions of discrete water supply to consumers have been developed. These include the models of direct wave, kinematical wave, convectional and diffusive model, as well as complete model of unsteady water flow in channel sections, and take into account all main hydraulic characteristics of the channel section. |
12,319 | Please write an abstract with title: Analysis of Markov Chain-based Methods for Synthesis of Driving Cycles of Different Dimensionality, and key words: Markov processes, Acceleration, Roads, Probability distribution, Urban areas, Fuels, Reliability. Abstract: Driving cycles reflect driver behavior and local traffic characteristics, and they are often described in terms of vehicle velocity time profile and widely used for different certification purposes. In order to obtain reliable fuel consumption estimates, realistic driving cycles including the road slope profile should be used, especially for electric vehicles whose energy consumption may significantly vary depending on road and traffic conditions. As a continuation of previous research related to statistical analysis of a rich set of city bus driving cycles, this paper focuses on multidimensional driving cycle synthesis using the Markov chain method. Five Markov chain models are derived with respect to different selections of states and correspondingly different dimensionalities of transition probability matrix, and they are systematically compared against certain statistical criteria. In order to reduce memory demand while improving computational efficiency, a sparse implementation of transition probability matrix based on dictionaries of keys is employed. Finally, the analyzed synthesis methods are used to generate a small set of synthetic driving cycles that represent the recorded driving cycles in statistically reliable sense. |
12,320 | Please write an abstract with title: Low temperature and low pressure die-attach bonding of high power light emitting diodes with self reducing copper complex paste, and key words: Gold, Temperature, Rapid thermal processing, Thermomechanical processes, Thermal decomposition, Production, Light emitting diodes. Abstract: The automotive high power light emitting diode (LED) market is expected to grow to ~ US$ 30 billion by 2024 [1] and new interconnect technologies that enable reliable operation are required. Traditionally AuSn soldering or Ag sintering have been the interconnect technologies of choice. However, the constantly increasing price of Au and Ag have been a motivation to find low cost alternatives offering similar or better performances. Cu offers the next best electrical and thermal characteristics among all metals and is also cheaper by a factor 100 compared to Ag. Nevertheless, oxidation of Cu particles, long sintering times and comparatively high sintering temperature are major challenges that need to be addressed. In the present study, a low temperature, low pressure, rapid sintering process for high power LEDs is developed. A self-reducing Cu paste composed of commercially available Cu(II) formate tetrahydrate particles dispersed in a binder combination of a-terpineol and polyethylene glycol 600 (PEG600) is developed. Die-attach bonding is achieved by sintering Cu nanoparticles realized in-situ through the thermal decomposition of the Cu(II) formate molecules. Shear strength values of ~70 MPa are achieved while sintering at 275 °C for 5 min in an open bond chamber under a constant flow of nitrogen with an application of 10 MPa bonding pressure. A dense and homogeneous interconnect with low porosity (<; 30%) is achieved. Additionally, the developed Cu paste is observed to be compatible with standard metallization, such as Ag and Au, apart from sintering on bare Cu substrates, and to be suitable for standard stencil and screen printing applications. The analyzed solution offers a promising die-attach bonding technology that can be easily integrated into existing Ag sinter production lines without the need for high capital investments for extensive equipment redesign and recommissioning, thereby offering the manufacturers the flexibility of running both Ag and Cu sintering on the same production lines based on their specific product requirements. |
12,321 | Please write an abstract with title: Study on Machine-Learning Algorithms in Crop Yield Predictions specific to Indian Agricultural Contexts, and key words: Machine learning algorithms, Sociology, Decision making, Crops, Focusing, Machine learning, Production. Abstract: Prior and well-grounded produces evaluation is vital in quantifying a well and financial assessment at the field level for discovering agricultural commodity strategic action plans for import-export policies and increasing farmer incomes. Crop production projections are performed utilizing machine learning algorithms to estimate a higher crop yield, which is one of the most difficult challenges in the agriculture business. Because of the growing importance of agricultural yield prediction, this article takes an in-depth look at how Machine Learning (ML) approaches may be utilized to forecast crop production. The present state of agricultural yield worldwide is discussed first, followed by a brief introduction of extensively utilized features and forecasting procedures. Forecasting crop yields is a serious issue in agriculture, plus there is a large dataset that makes it arduous for farmers to select seeds and forecast yields. In today’s circumstances, since the extension in population, agricultural production must be raised simultaneously to fulfill people’s wants. This paper is a detailed study of various aspects of crop yielding in India using machine learning techniques and artificial intelligence. |
12,322 | Please write an abstract with title: A Review on Artificial Intelligence for Grid Stability Assessment, and key words: Power system stability, Stability criteria, Artificial intelligence, Numerical stability, Transient analysis, Computational modeling, Support vector machines. Abstract: Artificial intelligence provides a convenient route for power grid stability assessment. Compared with simulation-based approaches, artificial intelligence can potentially save time on model development and numerical computation in stability assessment. This paper first reviewed existing literature on using artificial intelligence for power grid stability assessment. Then a machine-leaning-based tool is presented and developed to assess power grid transient stability, frequency stability, and small signals stability. Test results verified the accuracy and effectiveness of the AI tool for power grid stability assessment. |
12,323 | Please write an abstract with title: Embracing Agile Development Principles in an Organization using The Legacy System: The Case of Bank XYZ in Indonesia, and key words: Systems architecture, Organizations, Aging, Programming, Reliability engineering, Robustness, Information technology. Abstract: A bank should provide reliable financial services to its customers. Banking services are evolving along with information technology advancement. It is a common practice for every organization to adopt the latest technology to gain or sustain their competitive advantage against competitors. Nevertheless, not every technology implemented in banks is a state of the art technology. They come from a different extent, and these older generation technologies are called the legacy system. The mainframe is usually a part of a legacy system because it exists since the organization was established. The mainframe managed a humongous financial transaction at a time. Its reliable performance makes it indispensable. Therefore, banks are facing the interoperability challenges between the legacy system and new technologies. This study will analyze the approach used by a bank in Indonesia in embracing agile development principles in implementing new technologies above their rigid legacy infrastructure. |
12,324 | Please write an abstract with title: Detection of hidden periodicities by adaptive extrapolation, and key words: Extrapolation, Fourier transforms, Frequency, Noise reduction, Signal processing, Sun, Time measurement, Instruments, Diffraction, Image segmentation. Abstract: A method is presented for determining the harmonic components of a noisy signal by nonlinear extrapolation beyond the data interval. The method is based on an algorithm that adaptively reduces the spectral components due to noise. |
12,325 | Please write an abstract with title: Distributed Radar-aided Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communication, and key words: Radar, Global Positioning System, Radar detection, Vehicular ad hoc networks, Sensors, Signal to noise ratio, Radar measurements. Abstract: Establishing high-rate vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) links with narrow beamwidth is challenging due to the varying network topology. A too narrow beam may miss the intended receiver, while a too broad beam leads to SNR loss. We propose to harness the high accuracy of radar detections to establish V2V links. In particular, we develop a distributed method where each vehicle associates local radar detections with GPS information communicated by nearby vehicles. The method relies on the transformation of relative to global coordinates, the definition of a suitable metric, and solving an optimal assignment problem. We demonstrate that the proposed approach avoids time-consuming channel estimation and provides high SNR, under the condition that reliable relative and absolute location information is present. |
12,326 | Please write an abstract with title: PAM4 Receiver based on Quantum-Dot SOA Preamplifier for Short-Reach Applications, and key words: Preamplifiers, Semiconductor optical amplifiers, Receivers, Quantum well devices, Gain, Sensitivity, Noise measurement. Abstract: PAM4 receiver based on QD-SOA preamplifier is experimentally demonstrated with a 2.8-dB sensitivity improvement and a 2.5-dB gain in IPDR when amplifying 20-Gb/s PAM4 signals in contrast to its counterpart with MQW-SOA preamplifier. |
12,327 | Please write an abstract with title: Reduction of Signal Overshooting Caused by Cutoff Frequency Changing in the Controlled Digital Butterworth Low Pass Filter, and key words: Filtering, Cutoff frequency, Low-pass filters, Signal processing, Industrial engineering, Telecommunications, Manufacturing. Abstract: Digital filters have been widely utilized in modern telecommunications systems, signal processing, and electronic systems applications Signals suffer from different disruption and noises in real life, using filter can eliminate these noises and ensure a clear signal. Sometimes a digital filter might experience a transient event which represented by an overshoot of the signal. This transient may, for example, be the result of changing the cutoff frequency during filter operation by changing its coefficients. In this paper we proposed a compensation technique to remove this overshoot using nth order digital Butterworth LPF filter. The proposed method demonstrates that we can eliminate an overshoot by using multiple filtering processes to the input signal to obtain a clear real signal with minimum to no disruption. By using the MATLAB program, the transient process resulting from the restructuring of the filter was investigated and the formulas were checked compensation of this transient process. It was found that the application of such compensation reduced the negative effects of the transition process. This decrease depends on the order of the filter, the adjustment coefficient (the ratio of cut frequencies before and after adjustment) and the moment of adjustment (for the periodic signal). |
12,328 | Please write an abstract with title: Linear PWM Techniques of Asymmetrical Six-Phase Machine With Optimal Current Ripple Performance, and key words: Inverters, Voltage, Switches, Space vector pulse width modulation, Windings, Switching frequency, Legged locomotion. Abstract: Linear modulation techniques (LMTs) of an asymmetrical six-phase machine (ASPM) with two isolated neutral points synthesize the desired voltage vectors by applying at least five switching states. Different choices of applied voltage vectors, sequences in which they are used, distribution of dwell-times among the redundant switching states give rise to a large number of possible LMTs. It is desirable that these LMTs avoid more than two transitions of a particular inverter leg within a carrier period. Only a subset of existing LMTs of ASPM follows this rule. Through an innovative approach, this article finds a way to account for all possible infinitely many LMTs that follow the rule of at most two transitions per leg. Another important criterion for the selection of an LMT is its current-ripple performance. Therefore, through numerical optimization, this article finds optimal LMTs among the above infinite possible LMTs for all reference voltage vectors in the linear range and for the whole feasible range of a machine parameter. This parameter is related to the leakage inductance of the machine and impacts the current ripple performance of ASPM. An optimal hybrid strategy is proposed with these optimal techniques, which outperforms all existing techniques in terms of the current ripple. The theoretical analysis is validated through simulation in MATLAB and experiments performed up to 3.5 kW on a hardware prototype. |
12,329 | Please write an abstract with title: Design and Analysis of Multiband Energy Selective Surface Based on Semiconductors, and key words: Poles and zeros, Resonant frequency, Semiconductor diodes, Frequency modulation, Filtering theory, Passband, Impedance. Abstract: This article presents how to design multiband energy selective surface (ESS), which has a nonlinear transmission response to the power of incidence in multiple frequency band. It is demonstrated that ESSs with an arbitrary number of operating bands could be obtained with both parallel and serial LC resonance circuits and each single operating band could be modulated from a passband with low insertion loss (IL) to a stopband with high shielding effectiveness (SE). Furthermore, a dual-band ESS is designed to verify the proposed methods, in which two rectangular resonance rings mounted with Sckotty diodes are used. A 0.5 IL and 30 dB SE are observed at the central frequency of both operating bands with ECM and full-wave simulations. Prototypes are fabricated and measured with a waveguide set-up. There is a good agreement between the simulations and measurements under low-power incidence. However, some differences are observed under high-power incidence. The reason behind is discussed in detail and some measures for improvement are also proposed. The proposed approach provides general guidelines for multiband ESS design and is supposed to obtain wide use in adaptive shielding for high power microwave (HPM). |
12,330 | Please write an abstract with title: Nonlinear dynamics and chaos of a relativistic backward-wave oscillator, and key words: Chaos, Oscillators, Electrons, Microwave devices, Electromagnetic heating, Gyrotrons, User centered design, Elementary particle vacuum, Vacuum systems, Vacuum technology. Abstract: Summary form only given, as follows. In this report we present a brief review of our study of the nonstationary dynamics in the relativistic BWO, carried during the past few years. |
12,331 | Please write an abstract with title: Implementation of inter-vehicle communication system for vehicle platoon experiments via testbed, and key words: System testing, Communication system control, Remotely operated vehicles, Communication system traffic control, Traffic control, Vehicle dynamics, Wireless communication, Telecommunication network reliability, Wireless application protocol, Transceivers. Abstract: This study considers the implementation issues of the inter-vehicle communication system for the vehicle platoon experiments via a testbed. The testbed, which consists of three scale vehicles and one RCS (remote control station), is developed as a tool for functions evaluation between simulation studies and full-sized vehicle researches in the previous study. The cooperative communication of the vehicle-to-vehicle or the vehicle-to-roadside plays a key role for keeping the relative spacing of vehicles small in a vehicle platoon. Then, the traffic capacity could be increased greatly. The static platoon control, where the number of vehicles remains constant, is sufficient for the information to be transmitted in the suitably fixed interval, while the dynamic platoon control such as merge or split requires more flexible network architecture for the dynamical coordination of the communication sequence. In this study, the wireless communication device and the reliable protocol are implemented for the flexible network architecture, using the low-cost, short-range, ISM band transceiver and the 8-bit microcontroller. |
12,332 | Please write an abstract with title: Up to 100 Gbit/s short link using 300 GHz band Yagi-Uda antenna, and key words: Yagi-Uda antennas, Polymers, Substrates. Abstract: We report on the use of a Yagi-Uda antenna on polymer substrate used for indoor 300 GHz data-link applications. The Yagi-Uda antenna-based data-link is validated for up to QAM-16 signals (100 Gbit/s). |
12,333 | Please write an abstract with title: The Road-ahead for E-healthcare 4.0: A Review of Security Challenges, and key words: Industries, Insurance, Information security, Medical services, Programming, Market research, Security. Abstract: The security, privacy, and confidentiality problems posed by E- Healthcare data demand a re-examination of traditional information security principles and procedures. With the penetration of IT services in Healthcare domain the Healthcare in genre 1.0 has evolved as E- Healthcare genre 4.0. While in genre 1.0 the healthcare domain was greatly dependent on practitioner's handwritten notes to preserve their patients' medical history, in genre 2.0 the paper records have been started to be replaced with computerized records (EHRs). E-Healthcare 3.0 was centered on the patient allowing him to store and preserve his medical records. Since last one decade the E-Healthcare 4.0 has come with the inclusion of Fog Computing (FC), Cloud Computing (CC), Internet of Things (IoT), and Tele-Healthcare advances to disperse information among a few partners. With the rapid evolution of IT sector inside healthcare domain, the security challenges for E-Healthcare domain have also started to arise. This paper discusses such challenges and their proposed solution. |
12,334 | Please write an abstract with title: Comparative Distribution of System Losses to Market Participants using Different Loss Allocation Methods, and key words: Load flow, Pricing, Electricity supply industry, Student members, Propagation losses, Helium, Electricity supply industry deregulation, Power generation, Australia Council, Couplings. Abstract: A key part of electricity pricing is the fair and equitable allocation of system losses. This paper critically compares several existing loss allocation methods. The methods addressed include existing approaches such as pro rota method, proportional sharing method, loss formula, and incremental method, in addition to a new method proposed by the authors, which allocates losses from a loop-based representation of system behaviour. The distinct numerical allocation of losses in both the IEEE 14-bus network and a modified Nordic 41 bus system is listed for comparison. The similarity between the different loss allocations methods varies considerably, depending upon the system to which the methods are applied. This is primarily a result of the manner in which the different allocation methods address the impact of network structure. Further work is still required to determine which method encourages better system operation |
12,335 | Please write an abstract with title: Evaluations of elliptical modulation scheme, and key words: Phase modulation, Phase shift keying, Information analysis, Signal analysis, Performance analysis, Character generation, Signal generators, Digital signal processing, Time domain analysis, Frequency domain analysis. Abstract: This work aimed to evaluate some modulation methods, which have been defined based on elliptical modulation scheme, namely are eccentricity shift keying (ESK), inclination angle shift keying (IASK) and elliptical phase shift keying (EPSK). In this paper, signal characteristics of these three modulation schemes and effect of eccentricity to the waveforms have been demonstrated and analysed, through observing real signals generated by using DSPs, both in time-domain and frequency-domain; performances of IASK, 4-EPSK and 8-EPSK, as three modulation methods capable of 1-bit, 2-bit and 3-bit information transmission under the same carrier frequency respectively, have been evaluated through Matlab simulation in terms of BER. Advantages over existing modulation schemes suggested that the newly proposed modulation schemes can contribute to the improvement of wide-band wireless communication systems. |
12,336 | Please write an abstract with title: A Novel Maritime Autonomous Navigation System: from Design to Real Ship Trial, and key words: Couplings, Navigation, Decision making, Containers, Safety, Marine vehicles, Task analysis. Abstract: In recent years, autonomous ships have received extensive attention from various research groups. In this paper, a novel maritime autonomous navigation system (MANS) is designed and carried on a 300TEU container ship to conduct a real ship autonomous navigation trial. First of all, this paper introduces the process of autonomous navigation, which consists of four stages, namely “Keep route”, “Route optimization”, “Collision avoidance”, and “Recovery”; After that, this paper introduces the overall structure of MANS and each input and output information interface, and proposes a novel hierarchical decision-making mechanism and method, which realizes the coupling between navigation tasks at various stages; Finally, this paper introduces a complete ship autonomous navigation trial process. The results of the real ship trial show that the MANS designed in this paper can effectively deal with navigation tasks in various stages of the autonomous navigation process, so as to ensure the navigation safety of autonomous ships in the future. |
12,337 | Please write an abstract with title: Keynote Speakers, and key words: Conferences, Market research, Biographies, Psychoacoustics, Music, Multiple signal classification, Auditory system. Abstract: Keynote speakers. |
12,338 | Please write an abstract with title: On discrete linear time-invariant systems with singular transition matrix, and key words: Controllability, Regulators, Control systems, Equations, Transfer functions, Large-scale systems, Sufficient conditions, Eigenvalues and eigenfunctions. Abstract: New necessary and sufficient conditions for complete controllability to the zero state Of discrete linear time-invariant systems with singular transition matrix are presented. They provide a fresh insight into the particular structure of such systems. The implications of singularity on the optimal regulator problem are examined. |
12,339 | Please write an abstract with title: The impact of RES integration on balancing markets, and key words: Renewable energy sources, Supply and demand, Data analysis, Costs, Energy resources, Europe. Abstract: The high share of renewable energy sources in electricity systems and their volatile output can influence the balance between supply and demand. In this paper, historical balancing market data of the Netherlands and Germany are analysed to investigate the influence of renewable energy sources on the balancing market in countries with a high share of renewable energy sources in the last decade. The balancing market works differently in these two countries. The data on imbalance volume, imbalance prices, balancing responsible party’s bid price and supply of renewable energy sources to the grid are analysed for each country. The results show that although the increase in the supply of renewable energy sources has increased the imbalance volume and imbalance costs in the Netherlands, it is not the only important factor. Different balancing market designs can react differently to a high supply of renewable energy sources, as shown in the German and the Netherlands case study. |
12,340 | Please write an abstract with title: Distribution networks for local telephone service in South Africa, and key words: Power cables, Telephone sets, Standards, Layout, Junctions, Power cable insulation, Communication cables. Abstract: That a paper mentioning so many phases of the subject of distribution networks in this country should evoke comment from several of the author's colleagues was inevitable, for it has naturally been a subject of close concern for many years past, particularly the years of unprecedented development on which so much stress was laid in the paper, and it was only natural that those concerned with providing for this development in different parts of the country should have varying ideas based on local experience. |
12,341 | Please write an abstract with title: The Study of Bit Line to Storage Node Contact Leakage in Advanced DRAM, and key words: Fabrication, Solid modeling, Analytical models, Three-dimensional displays, Conferences, Random access memory, Tunneling. Abstract: Retention time is a critical characteristic in Dynamic Random Memory (DRAM). In order to improve DRAM retention time, leakage must be reduced. In manufacturing, the bit line (BL) to storage Node Contact (NC) leakage is one of a key charge leak path. In this paper, BL and NC structure in an advanced 1y DRAM process were modeled and analyzed using the virtual fabrication platform. The BL overlay shifts and NC critical dimension (CD) enlarge effects on BL-NC leakage performance has been studied with direct tunneling simulation. Our analysis confirmed that the BL-NC leakage worse induced by BL footing and NC bottom damage and proper specification can be suggested to avoid such issue. |
12,342 | Please write an abstract with title: Refining Graph Structure for Incomplete Multi-View Clustering, and key words: Tensors, Task analysis, Kernel, Optimization, Scientific computing, Learning systems, Laplace equations. Abstract: As a challenging problem, incomplete multi-view clustering (MVC) has drawn much attention in recent years. Most of the existing methods contain the feature recovering step inevitably to obtain the clustering result of incomplete multi-view datasets. The extra target of recovering the missing feature in the original data space or common subspace is difficult for unsupervised clustering tasks and could accumulate mistakes during the optimization. Moreover, the biased error is not taken into consideration in the previous graph-based methods. The biased error represents the unexpected change of incomplete graph structure, such as the increase in the intra-class relation density and the missing local graph structure of boundary instances. It would mislead those graph-based methods and degrade their final performance. In order to overcome these drawbacks, we propose a new graph-based method named Graph Structure Refining for Incomplete MVC (GSRIMC). GSRIMC avoids recovering feature steps and just fully explores the existing subgraphs of each view to produce superior clustering results. To handle the biased error, the biased error separation is the core step of GSRIMC. In detail, GSRIMC first extracts basic information from the precomputed subgraph of each view and then separates refined graph structure from biased error with the help of tensor nuclear norm. Besides, cross-view graph learning is proposed to capture the missing local graph structure and complete the refined graph structure based on the complementary principle. Extensive experiments show that our method achieves better performance than other state-of-the-art baselines. |
12,343 | Please write an abstract with title: Adaptative algorithm for supporting multi-constrained QoS for real-time and multimedia applications, and key words: Delay, Routing, Multicast algorithms, Costs, Bandwidth, Multicast protocols, Jitter, Multimedia communication, Internet, Video on demand. Abstract: In order to support multimedia and real-time communication over the Internet, it is necessary to develop routing algorithms that support multiple QoS parameters. This is because new services and applications such as video on demand and conference meeting require better QoS. Therefore, QoS routing algorithms must be adaptive and flexible for efficient network management. In this paper, we present a new approach for a multicast routing algorithm for real-time and multimedia applications. This algorithm takes into account multiple QoS constraints, such as delay, jitter, packet loss and bandwidth. Preliminary results show that the algorithm can find the optimal solution and guarantee balanced load on the network. |
12,344 | Please write an abstract with title: State-of-the-Art Versus Deep Learning: A Comparative Study of Motor Imagery Decoding Techniques, and key words: Feature extraction, Support vector machines, Electroencephalography, Deep learning, Decoding, Convolutional neural networks, Transforms. Abstract: State-of-the-art techniques (SOTA) for motor imagery decoding have largely involved the use of common spatial patterns (CSP) and power spectral density (PSD), for feature extraction. Other frequency transforms, such as wavelets and empirical mode decomposition (EMD) have also been used but the aforementioned two have been the most popular. For classification, linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and support vector machines (SVM) have been mostly used. It is, however, worth investigating other approaches, such as deep learning, which offer a potential for improvement, but are not yet mainstream. Deep learning techniques based on neural networks (NNs) have been underexplored in motor imagery processing. Considering their success in other fields, which speaks to their potential for obtaining improved results over the SOTA, they should be explored for motor imagery decoding. This study takes a comparative approach in the use of deep learning as compared with the SOTA. From our findings, we infer that neural networks are suitable for motor imagery decoding and might be preferable over the SOTA. The use of specific feature extraction is also not as necessary as seen with SOTA approaches, though it might offer some gains in performance. Our results show a statistically significant improvement in decoding accuracies, up to 20% increase, with the use of NNs as compared with the SOTA. Also, we conclude that the use of crops for data augmentation might yield better results with shallow architectures as against deeper ones and that there might be other factors affecting the effectiveness of crops, needing further investigation. |
12,345 | Please write an abstract with title: Finite element analysis of an improved wafer level package using silicone under bump (SUB) layers, and key words: Finite element methods, Wafer scale integration, Soldering, Electronic packaging thermal management, Thermal stresses, Metallization, Testing, Electronics packaging, Fatigue, Capacitive sensors. Abstract: The low fatigue resistance of solder joints limits the reliability of many types of electronic packages. In this study, the reliability of a wafer level package (WLP) was optimized by introducing a flexible silicone bump between the solder joint and the chip in order to buffer the strains and stresses in the solder during thermal cycling. Silicones are non-conductive materials and therefore a metal layer must be applied over the silicone bump for electrical conductivity. The reliability of the package was optimized by balancing the reliability of the solder joint with that of the metallization. The thermomechanical behavior of the eutectic SnPb solder joints and copper metallization was analyzed using a non-linear 3D finite element model (FEM) and accelerated thermal test cycles. Failure analysis after traditional reliability tests of an actual wafer level package shows good agreement with FEM predictions. |
12,346 | Please write an abstract with title: Drone classification from RF fingerprints using deep residual nets, and key words: Radio frequency, Wireless communication, Visualization, Convolutional neural networks, Wireless fidelity, Drones, Signal to noise ratio. Abstract: Detecting UAVs is becoming more crucial for various industries such as airports and nuclear power plants for improving surveillance and security measures. Exploiting radio frequency (RF) based drone control and communication enables a passive way of drone detection for a wide range of environments and even without favourable line of sight (LOS) conditions. In this paper, we evaluate RF based drone classification performance of various state-of-the-art (SoA) models on a new realistic drone RF dataset. With the help of a newly proposed residual Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model, we show that the drone RF frequency signatures can be used for effective classification. The robustness of the classifier is evaluated in a multipath environment considering varying Doppler frequencies that may be introduced from a flying drone. We also show that the model achieves better generalization capabilities under different wireless channel and drone speed scenarios. Furthermore, the newly proposed model's classification performance is evaluated on a simultaneous multi-drone scenario. The classifier achieves close to 99% classification accuracy for signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) 0dB and at-10 dB SNR it obtains 5% better classification accuracy compared to the existing framework. |
12,347 | Please write an abstract with title: Revisiting Internal Covariate Shift for Batch Normalization, and key words: Neural networks, Optimization, Deep learning. Abstract: Despite the success of batch normalization (BatchNorm) and a plethora of its variants, the exact reasons for its success are still shady. The original BatchNorm article explained it as a mechanism that reduces the internal covariate shift (ICS), i.e., the distribution shifts in the input of the layers during training. Recently, some articles manifested skepticism on this hypothesis and provided alternative explanations for the success of BatchNorm, such as the applicability of very high learning rates and the ability to smooth the landscape in optimization. In this work, we counter these alternative arguments by demonstrating the importance of reduction in ICS following an empirical approach. We demonstrated various ways to achieve the abovementioned alternative properties without any performance boost. In this light, we explored the importance of different BatchNorm parameters (i.e., batch statistics and affine transformation parameters) by visualizing their effectiveness in the performance and analyzed their connections with ICS. Afterward, we showed a different normalization scheme that fulfills all the alternative explanations except reduction in ICS. Despite having all the alternative properties, we observed its poor performance, which nullifies the alternative claims, rather signifies the importance of the ICS reduction. We performed comprehensive experiments on many variants of BatchNorm, finding that all of them similarly reduce ICS. |
12,348 | Please write an abstract with title: A Binary Quantized Digital Phase Locked Loop: A Graphical Analysis, and key words: Phase locked loops, Sampling methods, Frequency, Phase noise, Limit-cycles, Closed-form solution, Jacobian matrices, Parameter estimation, Upper bound, Estimation error. Abstract: A non-uniform sampling digital phase locked loop (DPLL), with a hard limiter as quantizer, is analyzed by a graphical method in the case of phase and frequency step inputs and no noise. The cycle slipping and the limit cycles phenomena are investigated. An upper-bound to the model gain and, consequently, to the pull-in range is obtained. Also a closed-form expression of acquisition time is derived. Moreover, using a random-walk model, the stationary phase error variance, the mean acquisition time and the mean first slip time have been evaluated. Some two channel configurations are proposed, which allow us to obtain a faster acquisition. Finally the problems relevant to the practical implementation of the loop are analyzed. |
12,349 | Please write an abstract with title: Classifying aggravation status of COVID-19 event from short-text using CNN, and key words: COVID-19, Corona, Informatics, Encoding, Sentiment analysis, Tuning, Stakeholders. Abstract: COVID-19 pandemic is a new precedent that has changed many aspects of human life. With the uncertainty of vaccine availability, stakeholders are required to track the dynamics of COVID-19 events to prepare the necessary response. One sub-task in tracking the dynamics of an event is to identify the aggravation status of the event (i.e., whether an event is worsening or getting better). We experimented with convolutional neural network (CNN) models to classify the status of COVID-19 aggravation status from a short text. CNN without one hot encoding prevailed. Furthermore, we conduct tuning to achieve better performance of CNN. The highest performance was achieved by tuning some of the configuration parameters. As the final result, the model performed at best (accuracy = 87.585% and F1-score = 76%) when using 80 nodes, SGD optimizer, lr = 0.1, and momentum = 0.9. |
12,350 | Please write an abstract with title: Modular verification of timed circuits using automatic abstraction, and key words: Timing, Delay, State-space methods, Clocks, Formal verification, Explosions, Microprocessors, Asynchronous circuits, Energy consumption, Decoding. Abstract: The major barrier that prevents the application of formal verification to large designs is state explosion. This paper presents a new approach for verification of timed circuits using automatic abstraction. This approach partitions the design into modules, each with constrained complexity. Before verification is applied to each individual module, irrelevant information to the behavior of the selected module is abstracted away. This approach converts a verification problem with big exponential complexity to a set of subproblems, each with small exponential complexity. Experimental results are promising in that they indicate that our approach has the potential of completing much faster while using less memory than traditional flat analysis. |
12,351 | Please write an abstract with title: Fall Accident Detection System for Bicycle Riders using Support Vector Machines, and key words: Support vector machines, Accelerometers, Magnetic flux, Magnetometers, Bicycles, Hardware, Angular velocity. Abstract: Bicycle riders have a very high impact on accident injuries when compared to motorists. Indian road accident report-2019 shows an increase in the fatal rate of 14% accidents to bicyclists when compared to 2018. Accidents occurring in urban areas at night may contribute to a delay in reporting the accidents to emergency centers. Therefore, a fast system development is essential to detect and notify the accidents to the nearest health care centers. This article proposes a compact design of hardware to fulfill the necessity. This hardware module is responsible to measure the features related to bicycle riding and fall accidents. For measuring the features, a magnetic, angular rate, gravity (MARG) sensor-based system is used. It consists of an accelerometer, gyroscope, and magnetometer for measuring the signals like acceleration, angular velocity, etc. Here, the popular machine learning technique called the support vector machines (SVM) algorithm is used for the detection of fall accidents. Simulation results are compared with the existing system to illustrate the improved accuracy of 95% of the fall accidents for bicycle riders. |
12,352 | Please write an abstract with title: Low-Complexity Error Resilient HEVC Video Coding: A Deep Learning Approach, and key words: Complexity theory, Encoding, Image coding, Distortion, Deep learning, Real-time systems, High efficiency video coding. Abstract: Intra/inter switching-based error resilient video coding effectively enhances the robustness of video streaming when transmitting over error-prone networks. But it has a high computation complexity, due to the detailed end-to-end distortion prediction and brute-force search for rate-distortion optimization. In this article, a Low Complexity Mode Switching based Error Resilient Encoding (LC-MSERE) method is proposed to reduce the complexity of the encoder through a deep learning approach. By designing and training multi-scale information fusion-based convolutional neural networks (CNN), intra and inter mode coding unit (CU) partitions can be predicted by the networks rapidly and accurately, instead of using brute-force search and a large number of end-to-end distortion estimations. In the intra CU partition prediction, we propose a spatial multi-scale information fusion based CNN (SMIF-Intra). In this network a shortcut convolution architecture is designed to learn the multi-scale and multi-grained image information, which is correlated with the CU partition. In the inter CU partition, we propose a spatial-temporal multi-scale information fusion-based CNN (STMIF-Inter), in which a two-stream convolution architecture is designed to learn the spatial-temporal image texture and the distortion propagation among frames. With information from the image, and coding and transmission parameters, the networks are able to accurately predict CU partitions for both intra and inter coding tree units (CTUs). Experiments show that our approach significantly reduces computation time for error resilient video encoding with acceptable quality decrement. |
12,353 | Please write an abstract with title: A new RF front-end and frequency synthesizer architecture for 3.1-10.6 GHz MB-OFDM UWB receivers, and key words: Radio frequency, Frequency synthesizers, OFDM, Computer architecture, Ultra wideband technology, Very large scale integration, Firewire, Frequency diversity, Switches, Energy consumption. Abstract: In this paper, an RF front-end and frequency synthesizer architecture is presented that targets a 3.1-10.6 GHz, low-cost, low-complexity, low power consumption, fully integrated receiver with minimum off-chip components for multiband OFDM ultrawideband (MB-OFDM UWB) systems. This paper provides an insight on how to determine the requirements, address design trade-offs and derive receiver specifications. A thorough study on out-of-band blockers reveals a few design trade-offs when implementing a UWB receiver with full frequency coverage. This observation leads to a front-end combining a wideband balun with a single-ended LNA that allows highest degree of on-chip integration. In addition, by exploiting the inherent relationship among band center frequencies, a new frequency synthesis scheme is proposed to generate all 14 MB-OFDM UWB bands with minimum number of mixing steps |
12,354 | Please write an abstract with title: Monitoring Micromechanical Buckling at High-Speed for Sensing and Transducer Applications, and key words: Scanning electron microscopy, Transducers, Position measurement, Threshold voltage, Frequency measurement, Noise measurement, Voltage control. Abstract: Controlling the amount and direction of buckling at micro- and nano-scale efficiently opens up avenues for novel actuation and sensor applications. Earlier platforms that can achieve a full and non-thermal control of microscopic buckling operated only with a time resolution of 40 ms. Here, we have measured the buckling amount of a beam starting from unbuckled position and reaching to large post-buckling deformations by collecting secondary electrons under scanning electron microscope. Line mode is used for ultrafast measurements with 33kHz scan frequency, and a displacement noise floor of 40pm/√Hz was obtained. Moreover, by further reduction in the device dimensions, the buckling threshold voltage was reduced by a factor of three compared to similar platforms. |
12,355 | Please write an abstract with title: Motion compression applied to guidance of a mobile teleoperator, and key words: Teleoperators. Abstract: Telepresence aims at giving a human user the impression of being present in a remote environment. However, the user is actually situated in a user environment and his motion is tracked. A mobile teleoperator in the remote environment replicates this motion. The user can thus control the mobile teleoperator's locomotion by walking. A stereo-camera system mounted on the mobile teleoperator constantly records live camera images and transfers them to the user environment, where they are presented to the user on a head-mounted display. This paper presents a long distance experiment, in which a mobile teleoperator was controlled over a standard Internet connection by natural locomotion. Without further processing of the user's motion data, however, only exploration of a remote environment of the same size or smaller than the user environment is possible. As this is not desirable, we use motion compression, an optimal nonlinear transformation of the user's path. This algorithm allows controlling free motion in an arbitrarily large target environment from a limited user environment. |
12,356 | Please write an abstract with title: Time Domain Channel Estimation and Equalization of CP-OTFS Under Multiple Fractional Dopplers and Residual Synchronization Errors, and key words: Time-frequency analysis, Silicon carbide, OFDM, Channel estimation, Doppler effect, Synchronization, Time-domain analysis. Abstract: In the last few years, orthogonal time frequency space (OTFS) modulation has received significant attention as an alternative to OFDM especially for high mobilty scenarios. In this work, we develop a delay-Doppler domain embedded pilot based time domain channel estimation for cyclic prefix (CP)-OTFS in the presence of residual frame timing offset, carrier frequency offset and fractional multiple Doppler. One of the reasons for time domain processing is that the time domain channel representation is relatively more sparse as compared to its delay Doppler domain representation in the presence of residual synchronization errors. We also describe a time domain low complexity linear minimum mean square error (MMSE) equalization and successive interference cancellation (SIC) receiver for LDPC (low density parity check) coded CP-OTFS in this work. We further show the impact of residual frame timing offset, carrier frequency offset and fractional multiple Doppler on OTFS symbols. It is seen from the extensive Monte Carlo simulation results that the estimation and compensation methods presented here provide necessary resilience properties to OTFS. We bring out the tolerance of OTFS to such residual synchronization errors. It is further observed that the SIC is able to improve the performance of the system such that it almost matches that of the ideal knowledge based MMSE equalization. We also show the performance of RCP (reduced CP)-OTFS when used with the developed channel estimation and equalization algorithms. A unified signal processing flow for OTFS and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is also described in this work to motivate studies on coexistence between the two as well as to encourage investigations on a seamless transition between OFDM and OTFS based systems for future adaptive air interface design. |
12,357 | Please write an abstract with title: Electrical Design of a High Speed Computer Packaging System, and key words: Packaging machines, Design automation, Integrated circuit packaging, Integrated circuit interconnections, Power distribution, Impedance, Signal design, Voltage, Optimization methods, Design optimization. Abstract: A methodology for optimizing the design of an electrical packaging system for a high speed computer is described The pertinent parameters are first defined and their sensitivities are derived so that the proper design trade-offs can ultimately be made. From this procedure, a set of rules is generated for driving a computer-aided design (CAD) system. Finally there is a discussion of design optimization and circuit and package effects on machine performance. |
12,358 | Please write an abstract with title: An interdisciplinary robotics course using the handy board, and key words: Educational robots, Computer science, Robot sensing systems, Mechanical engineering, Computer aided manufacturing, Service robots, Physics computing, Technology management, Programming profession, Robot programming. Abstract: This study addresses the development of an hands-on undergraduate course that integrates various engineering fields involved in robotic systems. The pedagogical goals of the course are: to provide a hands-on experience to practical robotics, to learn about integrated system design, to learn to interact with people in different disciplines in a cross-functional team and to learn about group dynamics and teamwork. |
12,359 | Please write an abstract with title: Modeling of a Reciprocating Engine-Generator Set for Controller Hardware in the Loop Testing of Island Microgrid Control Systems, and key words: Microgrids, Control systems, Hardware, Generators, Voltage control, Engines, Testing. Abstract: This paper demonstrates the modeling of a real engine-generator set based on manufacturer data for use in controller hardware in the loop testing of microgrid control systems. The simulation environment used is RTDS Technologies' real time digital simulator using PB5 cards. In addition, this paper provides detail on integration of a Woodward easYgen controller with the simulator IO for control of the simulated engine-generator set. Testing of the developed model is performed to validate the standard parameters of the synchronous generator and the dynamic performance of the engine-generator set during starting, load step change, and stopping. The result of this investigation is an engine-generator set model that exhibits the characteristics of real equipment and may be used in the validation of controller hardware and software for the de-risking of microgrid control systems. |
12,360 | Please write an abstract with title: Overview of the SWCs Communication Mechanisms in Autonomous Vehicles, and key words: Conferences, Computer architecture, Ethernet, Control systems, Software, Hardware, Safety. Abstract: The wide range of functional applications and the diversity of the use-cases, as well as the safety requirements in the automotive domain can only be supported by creating complex systems, with multiple control units and software components. The solution for speeding-up the developing process and decoupling the application development from the hardware specifics is layered standardized architecture. It defines the interfaces providing the platform services to the applications, regardless of the hardware itself. This way, it is possible to implement the system functionality on the application layer without the knowledge of how the lower layers which provide platform services are built. For that reason, the exact implementation of specific services has remained obscure, which often leads to confusion. This paper presents the overview of the main aspects in term of communication between software components (SWCs) in the automotive system. Different approaches will be presented and compared, considering both inter- and intra-core communications by examining single-core and multi-cores ECU architectures. |
12,361 | Please write an abstract with title: Positioning of Turbulence-Distorted Laser Spot for Underwater Optical Wireless Communication, and key words: Wireless communication, Lasers, Signal processing algorithms, Optical imaging, Optical receivers, Optical transmitters, Optical signal processing. Abstract: For underwater optical wireless communication, the maximum achievable transmission rate and distance are limited by the high attenuation of water and transmitter-receiver misalignment caused by turbulence. In this paper, we propose a Fourier phase algorithm to localize the laser spot at the receiver, and study the effect of underwater turbulence on the alignment accuracy for a camera-based laser tracking system. Experimental results based on a 10-meter water tank demonstrate the feasibility of the algorithm and improvements in standard deviation of estimated deflection angle as compared with the traditional methods. |
12,362 | Please write an abstract with title: Automatic Waveguide Balancing Using Point Set Operations, and key words: Silicon compounds, Layout, Silicon photonics, Optical fiber communication, Optical waveguides. Abstract: An algorithm based on point set operations is developed to solve the waveguide length-balancing problem in silicon photonics layout. The method is applicable to complex photonic circuits incorporating multiple waveguide levels (e.g. Si and SiN). |
12,363 | Please write an abstract with title: Book of Abstracts, and key words: Radar, Spaceborne radar, Radar imaging, Radar signal processing, Passive radar, Radar measurements, Radar tracking. Abstract: Presents abstracts of papers presented in the conference. |
12,364 | Please write an abstract with title: Study on traffic flow prediction using RBF neural network, and key words: Telecommunication traffic, Neural networks, Traffic control, Predictive models, Neurons, Fuzzy neural networks, Clustering algorithms, Communication system traffic control, Vectors, Radial basis function networks. Abstract: This paper presents a new short-term multi-step freeway traffic flow prediction model using a radial basis function neural network with fuzzy c-means clustering. The fuzzy c-mean clustering algorithm was used to determine the center position of the hidden layer of neural network. A gradient descent method was used to solve the weights from the hidden layer to the output layer. The real traffic data is used to demonstrate that the algorithm is effective for freeway traffic flow prediction. |
12,365 | Please write an abstract with title: Lightweight Local Transformer for COVID-19 Detection Using Chest CT Scans, and key words: COVID-19, Training, Computed tomography, Training data, Computer architecture, Transformers, Data models. Abstract: Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have mainly failed to explicitly model long-range dependencies, primarily because of their intrinsic locality. To address this issue, Transformers have drawn increasing interest in exploiting long-range dependencies among input data. In this study, we aim to enjoy the merits of both local and global feature extractions in CNN and Transformer architectures. To this end, we go beyond the conventional Transformer frameworks and introduce a highly efficient Transformer architecture for early diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 patients using CT images. Unlike conventional data-hungry Transformers, our model relaxes the requirement of large-scale training data in vision Transformers and also outperforms the state-of-the-art studies. This flexibility empowers our Transformer architecture to be exploited in data-scarce domains. Moreover, we tailor our Transformer architecture in two ways to embody the principle of locality, which once belonged to CNNs. First, we minimally inject convolutional inductive bias into the early blocks of our Transformer architecture and eliminate standard image patching in the vanilla Transformers. Second, unlike typical patch integration in the standard Transformers, we benefit from a deformable convolution in our architecture to adaptively attend to a small set of key features corresponding to nearby patches. Extensive evaluations verify that our Transformer surpasses its counterparts, alleviates the computational complexity of Transformers, and deals with the lack of large-scale training dataset for COVID-19 diagnosis. |
12,366 | Please write an abstract with title: Comparing Recommendation Algorithms in Session-based E-commerce Sites, and key words: Deep learning, Automation, Prediction algorithms, Recommender systems. Abstract: Recommender systems have become widely used in various website applications. With the integration of deep learning and recommender systems, the classic Session-based Recommender System (SRS) appears, which can obtain implicit feedback from explicit interactions. Some scholars have pro-posed many effective recommendation algorithms to provide better recommendation service in SRS. In order to compare the performance of these session-based recommendation algorithms, we consider a simple E-commerce SRS scenario and choose four representative session-based recommendation algorithms in this paper. Then we do some evaluation experiments. The experimental results show that the combination of local preferences and global preferences will improve the recommendation performance significantly, and for GNNs and RNN s in session recommendation based on deep learning, we also conclude that the prediction effect of GNN s is slightly superior to RNN s on long sessions. |
12,367 | Please write an abstract with title: Compound semiconductor IC's, and key words: HEMTs, Heterojunction bipolar transistors, Gallium arsenide, MESFETs, Optical amplifiers, Semiconductor materials, Photonic band gap, Gallium nitride, Power amplifiers, Frequency. Abstract: This paper presents an overview of compound semiconductor electron devices. GaAs-based MESFET, HEMT, and HBT have deeply penetrated into the markets of communications fields. On the other hands, InP-based HEMT and HBT just are becoming ready for practical use in the ultra-high speed and low power electronics owing to the excellent transport properties. Finally, it will be shown that the wide bandgap material, GaN, has the great potentiality for high power and high frequency electronics |
12,368 | Please write an abstract with title: Optical-Fiber Link Multi-Probe Near-Field Antenna Measurement System using Zero-Biased EA modulator and CWDM Multiplexer, and key words: Antenna measurements, Horn antennas, Optical variables measurement, Reflector antennas, Optical reflection, Probes, Antenna radiation patterns. Abstract: We have developed multi-probe near-field antenna measurement system using optical-fiber link system. Our developed optical fiber link system consists of a super luminescent diode, zero-biased optical reflection-type electro absorptive modulators (EAM), coarse wavelength division multiplexing (CWDM) multiplexers and photodiodes. Our developed near-field antenna measurement system consists of WR-28 open ended waveguide probes (OEWG), an optical fiber link system and 6-axis 1 m length arm vertical articulated robot. Our system can be applied to multi OEWG probes with EAM. In this paper, we show frequency characteristics of our system and a measured near field frequency responses for a WR-28 standard gain horn antenna using OEWGs up to 30 GHz. |
12,369 | Please write an abstract with title: The novel microstrip monopulse array antenna based on comparator network, and key words: Antenna measurements, Wireless communication, Microstrip antenna arrays, Microstrip antennas, Power system stability, Radar tracking, Radar antennas. Abstract: In the radar tracking and positioning system, an antenna is required to accurately detect the location of the target. A new mono-pulse antenna and comparator network with a cross-shaped microstrip structure are proposed, and the microstrip mono-pulse array antenna is successfully designed and processed with this network. The antenna array consists of 4 8x6 microstrip antenna sub-arrays. The sum and difference network and the antenna array are in the same plane, so it has the advantages of compact structure, good stability, convenient processing and low cost. According to the actual measurement results, the sum and difference patterns in the horizontal and vertical directions are in good agreement with theoretical predictions, indicating that the designed antenna can improve the accuracy and stability of the radar tracking and positioning system. |
12,370 | Please write an abstract with title: Playable Video Generation, and key words: Computer vision, Codes, Computer architecture, Games, Pattern recognition, Task analysis, Unsupervised learning. Abstract: This paper introduces the unsupervised learning problem of playable video generation (PVG). In PVG, we aim at allowing a user to control the generated video by selecting a discrete action at every time step as when playing a video game. The difficulty of the task lies both in learning semantically consistent actions and in generating realistic videos conditioned on the user input. We propose a novel framework for PVG that is trained in a self-supervised manner on a large dataset of unlabelled videos. We employ an encoder-decoder architecture where the predicted action labels act as bottleneck. The network is constrained to learn a rich action space using, as main driving loss, a reconstruction loss on the generated video. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach on several datasets with wide environment variety. Further details, code and examples are available on our project page willi-menapace.github.io/playable-video-generation-website. |
12,371 | Please write an abstract with title: Fuzzy Unknown Input Observers Design for Four-Wheel Independently Actuated Electric Vehicles, and key words: Sufficient conditions, Observers, Electric vehicles, Mathematical models, Linear matrix inequalities, Takagi-Sugeno model, Vehicle dynamics. Abstract: The four-wheel independently actuated (FWIA) electric vehicle model, an extremely complex three-degree-of-freedom vehicle model, has challenging modeling and many nonlinear terms. This makes it challenging to obtain the state variables and unknown inputs for the FWIA electric vehicle model, however, in our study, the estimation using the unknown input (UI) observer approach has good results. In the design process of the observer, a unique Takagi-Sugeno (TS) fuzzy form is used, which separates the unmeasurable nonlinear terms from the nonlinear variables. This approach avoids the problem of unmeasurable premise variables and effectively reduces the conservativeness of the observer in the design process. At the end of the observer design, the sufficient conditions for the design of the UI observer are solved by using Lyapunov's stability theorem and linear matrix inequalities(LMI) and verified by simulation. |
12,372 | Please write an abstract with title: Sensitivity Importance Sampling Yield Analysis and Optimization for High Sigma Failure Rate Estimation, and key words: Analytical models, Monte Carlo methods, Sensitivity analysis, Heuristic algorithms, Random access memory, Optimization methods, Estimation. Abstract: The impact of process variation to advanced integrated circuits has become increasingly significant. Traditional sampling based yield analysis and optimization always require large amount of expensive simulations. This paper proposes an All Sensitivity Adversarial Importance Sampling (ASAIS) yield optimization method, which avoids samplings in outer optimization based on sensitivity. Moreover, Fast Sensitivity Importance Sampling (FSIS) yield analysis method is adopted as inner yield analysis to eliminate the sampling using transient sensitivity analysis. Experiments on SRAM show ASAIS generates more than 90X speedup of the entire yield optimization process, while FSIS speedup 3X-I5X over existing methods. |
12,373 | Please write an abstract with title: Stabilization of hyperbolic systems using concentrated sensors and actuators, and key words: Sensor systems, Actuators, Asymptotic stability, Robust stability, Feedback, Damping, Partial differential equations, Sufficient conditions, Structural beams, Robust control. Abstract: Certain hyperbolic systems of partial differential equations which are known to be uniformly asymptotically stabilizable using point sensors/actuators (S/A) are considered. The issue to be investigated is the effect on stability when point S/A's are replaced by "concentrated" S/ A's, that is, S/A's which average over small regions of the spatial domain. Although it is known that passing from point to concentrated S/ A's necessarily destroys uniform stability, a necessary and sufficient condition for strong stability is obtained in terms of the S/A weighting functions. In addition, in the special case of a cantilevered beam controlled by a single sensor/actuator pair concentrated at the free end, another, more robust type of stability is shown to hold, even when strong stability does not. The latter result shows that the system energy is bounded by a part which goes uniformly to zero at infinity and a residual which can be explicitly estimated in terms of the support of the weight functions and the initial energy. Furthermore, the residual energy converges to zero as the support reduces to the point at the free end of the beam. |
12,374 | Please write an abstract with title: Virtual Testbeds for the Development and Validation of Sensor-Based Systems Using Digital Twins, and key words: Training, Industries, Annotations, Lighting, Data processing, Data models, Digital twins. Abstract: The presented application of simulation-based approaches (simulation-based systems engineering, digital twins, virtual prototyping) for the engineering of sensor-based systems has the potential to dramatically shorten development cycles and to simplify the generation and annotation of data for verification and validation purposes. This is especially true for application areas where the environment is hazardous or hard to reach (like spaceflight), and/or the situations that need to be evaluated occur rarely or are especially dangerous (like crashes or specific lighting conditions in automotive applications). This paper presents a novel approach to support the development of optical sensors and sensor data processing systems with a virtual testbed. We describe the concepts of our sensor and environment simulation, validation strategy, and annotation mechanisms. We evaluate our sensor simulation by comparison with real-world experiments and demonstrate the application of our approach in two real-world engineering processes (LiDAR-based spaceflight and camera-based driver assistance systems) derived with input from our industrial partners. |
12,375 | Please write an abstract with title: PSpice-Simulink Co-Simulation of the Conducted Emissions of a DC-DC Converter with Random Modulation, and key words: Semiconductor device modeling, Frequency modulation, Silicon carbide, DC-DC power converters, Pulse width modulation, Tools, SPICE. Abstract: This paper investigates the beneficial effects of Random Modulation strategies in reducing the conducted emissions generated by DC-DC converters. The analysis is carried out by PSpice-Simulink co-simulation in order to achieve effective modelling of the converter on the one hand (PSpice), and easy implementation of the modulation scheme on the other (Simulink). Particularly, Random Pulse Width Modulation is used to control a DC-DC converter involving second-generation Cree SiC MOSFET. The non-linear characteristics of the converter as well as its parasitic elements are considered by the PSpice model. The predicted CM and DM emissions are compared versus those obtained by standard PWM, showing a significant reduction of the overall emissions in the frequency range of interest. |
12,376 | Please write an abstract with title: Wireless telemedicine: the next step?, and key words: Telemedicine, Remote monitoring, Hospitals, Surgery, Telephony, GSM, Electrocardiography, Medical services, Bioinformatics, Patient monitoring. Abstract: Mobile phones are designed and used for speech communications in digital format but with some modifications or additions they may also be used for sending digital data representing medical signals, for example the electrocardiogram (ECG). While there have been a number of wireless telemedicine studies recently, mainly focused on advances in technology, medical applications have not been widely adopted and the next step is far from clear. The subject could be said to be at a cross-roads and the needs of patients, together with advice from clinicians, must be considered carefully to take the right road ahead. |
12,377 | Please write an abstract with title: Personalized Semantic Retrieval System based on Statistical Language Model, and key words: Deep learning, Information science, Design methodology, Semantics, Forestry, Tools, Information retrieval. Abstract: The semantic relationship in thesaurus is introduced into the current network information retrieval tool, which can realize semantic retrieval. Using a statistical language model to express query statements and return results in the form of probability distribution can more effectively complete the construction of user model and realize personalized retrieval. Firstly, this paper proposes a similarity calculation method based on the relationship between words in the thesaurus. On the basis of this method, combined with the idea of query expansion and weighted sorting, this paper proposes a semantic retrieval method of forestry information based on the thesaurus. Secondly, this paper uses a statistical language model to propose personalized retrieval methods based on three different user models: topic model, historical model and mixed model. Finally, a forestry information personalized semantic retrieval system is realized by using semantic retrieval and personalized retrieval method. Experimental results indicate that the proposed personalized semantic retrieval method can effectively improve the retrieval performance. |
12,378 | Please write an abstract with title: A Sub-1 GHz Wireless Sensor Network Concentrator Using Multicollectors with Load Balancing for Improved Capacity and Performance, and key words: Performance evaluation, Wireless sensor networks, Energy consumption, Costs, Quality of service, Logic gates, Load management. Abstract: The exponential growth of IoT end devices creates the necessity for cost-effective solutions to further increase the capacity of IEEE802.15.4g-based wireless sensor networks (WSNs). For this reason, the authors present a wireless sensor network concentrator (WSNC) that integrates multiple collocated collectors, each of them hosting an independent WSN on a unique frequency channel. A load balancing algorithm is implemented at the WSNC to uniformly distribute the number of aggregated sensor nodes across the available collectors. The WSNC is implemented using a BeagleBone board acting as the Network Concentrator (NC) whereas collectors and sensor nodes realizing the WSNs are built using the TI CC13X0 LaunchPads. The system is assessed using a testbed consisting of one NC with up to four collocated collectors and fifty sensor nodes. The performance evaluation is carried out under race conditions in the WSNs to emulate high dense networks with different network sizes and channel gaps. The experimental results show that the multicollector system with load balancing proportionally scales the capacity of the network, increases the packet delivery ratio, and reduces the energy consumption of the IoT end devices. |
12,379 | Please write an abstract with title: Feasibility Study of Wood-Leaf Separation Based on Hyperspectral LiDAR Technology in Indoor Circumstances, and key words: Laser radar, Reflectivity, Vegetation mapping, Licenses, Forestry, Optical variables measurement, Measurement by laser beam. Abstract: Wood–leaf separation aiming at classifying LiDAR points into wood and leaf components is one of the most important genres for improving leaf area index estimation and forestry survey accuracy. The wood return signals could artificially increase the apparent foliage content, which needs to be screened out for deriving vital tree attributes accurately. Previous research works tended to use intensity, waveform, and geometric information extracted from a single wavelength LiDAR for wood–leaf separation. This article employs a revised hyperspectral LiDAR (HSL) to obtain spatial and ultrawide spectral data simultaneously. We also propose a simple three steps method to separate wood and leaf components based on HSL spatial and spectral measurements under the laboratory circumstances. First, the preprocessing is conducted to acquire 3-D spatial information and the multiband laser pulse reflectance for further separation. Second, preliminary separation (band division, key feature parameter calculation, and judgment) is implemented based on reflectance. Third, we employ K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) method to enhance separation results based on preliminary separation results and spatial features and then update the results by recorrection. Then, 3-D reconstruction is accomplished by fusing wood–leaf separation results. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can separate wood and leaf components with high accuracy and indicate tree attributes straightforwardly. |
12,380 | Please write an abstract with title: Improved Operation and Control of Single-Phase Integrated On-Board Charger System, and key words: Inductance, Stator windings, Saturation magnetization, Torque, Propulsion, Magnetic flux. Abstract: Single-phase grid-connected integrated on-board charger (IOBC) can significantly reduce the cost and the bulk of electric vehicles and has been used in real products. However, there are still two problems that have not been discussed and solved. First, when permanent magnet synchronous motor drives are used for single-phase IOBC, there are second-order current harmonic and the possibility of instability in the system. Second, when multiphase motor (MPM) drives are used for single-phase IOBC, the currents' assignment strategy and the dc voltage utilization of inverter need to be dissected. This article does detailed research works about these two problems. The origin of the second-order harmonic and the instability are exposed. Furthermore, proportional-double-resonant regulator and adaptive proportional (P) parameter control schemes are proposed to solve these problems. The operation principle of single-phase IOBC with MPM drive is analyzed. Two different operating modes are recommended, and an optimal zero-sequence voltage is designed to increase the dc voltage utilization capability of the inverter. At last, the feasibility of the proposed operation and control schemes are verified by experiments. |
12,381 | Please write an abstract with title: Exploring the role and possibilties of 3D printing in IT studies : Is my curricula good enough?, and key words: Three-dimensional displays, Three-dimensional printing, Solid modeling, Education, Printers, Software, Computational modeling. Abstract: Emerging technologies attract special attention in the industry by promising the opportunity to overcome long-existing barriers. Education has to respond to the demand of industry and introduce 3D printing and also modeling into the curricula of different courses. Fortunately, more and more institution can possess 3D printers which brings more motivation for educators to enhance their teaching topics and methods. This paper describes a course briefly which was followed by asking the opinion of the students about the course in the form of an online survey. Evaluation of the answers is supposed to be a help to design the next implementation of the course. |
12,382 | Please write an abstract with title: Color quotient based mask detection, and key words: Faces, Support vector machines, Image color analysis, COVID-19, Training, Feature extraction, Kernel. Abstract: The paper deals with mask detection in the age of COVID - 19, by proposing a simple and efficient method to detect people not wearing mask. The approach includes a feature extraction step followed by a supervised learning model built with support vector machines. The features are formed of color information by considering red, green and blue channels for an RGB color image. Ratio of color channels is taken into account to discriminate between mask and non mask images. The approach has been tested on a set of 1211 facial images extracted from group of people wearing or not wearing a mask, by considering a 2 - class problem, where the mask class represents the positive examples, where the non-masked faces are negative examples. Part of the image data set is used to train the support vector machines for learning discriminant features for each class, followed by a prediction for each test sample. The image set for the mask class ranges from simple and common one-colored surgical masks to complex and challenging patterned masks. Cross-validation approach is adopted to test the approach, leading to 97.25 % as recognition rate. |
12,383 | Please write an abstract with title: Flying-height reduction of magnetic-head slider due to thermal protrusion, and key words: Magnetic heads, Coils, Temperature, Safety, Interference, Magnetic analysis, Analytical models, Deformable models, Numerical simulation, Heat transfer. Abstract: Both the heat generated by the current in the write coil and the rise in the surrounding temperature cause local thermal protrusion (TPR) on magnetic-head elements. Such protrusion reduces the flying height of the head slider below the design value, thus reducing the safety margin for head-disk interference. To analyze this problem, we numerically simulated the heat transfer in the head slider, the thermal deformation of the head, and the flying-height change of the slider resulting from the deformation. The parameter study shows that decreasing the thickness of the alumina base coat or increasing the size of the pole and shields can reduce the magnitude of write-current-induced thermal protrusion (W-TPR). On the other hand, a longer pole and shields increase ambient-temperature-induced protrusion (T-TPR). For W-TPR, the reduced flying height is partly compensated by increased air pressure on the air-bearing surface (ABS). However, almost the entire magnitude of T-PTR translates into flying-height reduction. |
12,384 | Please write an abstract with title: Analysis of Audio Steganography combined with Cryptography for RC4 and 3DES Encryption, and key words: Steganography, Analytical models, Three-dimensional displays, Control systems, Real-time systems, Encoding, Encryption. Abstract: As most of the real time applications make use of digital data, security of the data resources become more important and essential. Different aspects to be considered while dealing with such digital data are preserving authenticity and make sure that the data is not modified in transit and no one else other than intended user can read this data. To fulfil these requirements, many techniques are available to protect this data. Cryptography is to jumble the original information so that it cannot be viewed by any unauthorized users and steganography is used to hide the original information. Depending on the cover medium used, steganography has many types such as image, audio, and video. Audio steganography deals with the noise, echo, samples etc present in the audio. LSB, Echo hiding, Phase coding, Tone insertion are some of the types of audio steganography techniques. These techniques have their respective pros and cons. The main intention of the presented technique is to re-conciliate cryptography with steganography and deploys a better protection. |
12,385 | Please write an abstract with title: High density radiation hardened FeRAMs on a 130 nm CMOS/FRAM process, and key words: Random access memory, Ferroelectric films, Nonvolatile memory, Radiation hardening, CMOS process, Ferroelectric materials, Prototypes, Circuit testing, Semiconductor memory, Fabrication. Abstract: Using hardened-by-design techniques previously demonstrated on a 1-kbit prototype 0.35-micron ferroelectric semiconductor memory, an 8-kbit FeRAM memory segment has been designed for fabrication on a Texas Instruments 130nm commercial CMOS/FRAM process. The 8-kbit segment can be arrayed to provide radiation hardened ferroelectric memory densities up to 64 Mbit with reasonable chip sizes and radiation hardness vastly superior to that of flash memory. The 130nm CMOS/FRAM process is capable of wide signal margin, high endurance and long data retention, consistent with the demands of the space market. It is projected from radiation testing of the 1-kbit prototype FeRAM that TID radiation tolerance to greater than 1Mrad(Si) and SEL tolerance to greater than 75 LET can be obtained without the expense and complexity of SOI, and without the need for radiation shielding. A test chip for radiation evaluation has been designed that includes the 8-kbit memory segment, critical boost circuitry, I/O buffers and a number of discrete transistors and devices. The 100 by 300 micron 8-kbit memory segment incorporates a patented, rugged, shunted ferroelectric memory cell that uses a true and complement bit line architecture. The segment read access time is simulated to be 20ns, and read and write cycle times are simulated to be 45ns. |
12,386 | Please write an abstract with title: Learning Automata based Cache Update Policy in Fog-enabled Vehicular Adhoc Networks, and key words: Network topology, Learning automata, Road side unit, Simulation, Heuristic algorithms, Ad hoc networks, Topology. Abstract: Caching in Vehicular Adhoc Networks (VANETs) is a very important technique to reduce the transmission overhead and latency to improve the overall performance of the network. Increasing cache hit ratio is very important for delay sensitive applications. In this paper, average cache hit ratio maximization problem is identified and formulated while taking into account the time-varying topology of network, vehicular (user) mobility, varying requests and preferences of multiple users and the limited cache capacity of the Road Side Units (RSUs). A Learning Automata based cache update policy has been designed in order to determine the appropriate content to be cached in RSUs. The performance of the proposed learning automata based vehicular caching mechanism has been evaluated using simulations and analyzed in comparison with three other existing caching policies. Simulation results show that the efficacy of the proposed learning automata based caching approach can significantly improve the average cache hit ratio and reduce the latency in the vehicular ad-hoc network. |
12,387 | Please write an abstract with title: Integrated batch-to-batch control and within batch control of batch processes using neural network models, and key words: Process control, Neural networks, Optimal control, Polymers, Manufacturing processes, Inductors, Chemical analysis, Chemical technology, Chemical engineering, Electronic mail. Abstract: This work presents an integrated batch-to-batch control and within batch re-optimisation control strategy for batch processes using neural network models. To overcome the difficulties in developing detailed mechanistic models, neural network models are developed from process operation data. Due to model-plant mismatches and unknown disturbances, the optimal control policy calculated based on the neural network model may not be optimal when applied to the actual process. Utilising the repetitive nature of batch processes, neural network model based iterative learning control is used to improve the process performance from batch to batch. Batch-to-batch control can only improve the performance of the future batches. Within batch re-optimisation should be used to overcome the detrimental effect of disturbances on the current batch. The proposed technique is successfully applied to a simulated batch polymerisation process. |
12,388 | Please write an abstract with title: Detection and Prevention of Professional Burnout Using Machine Learning Methods, and key words: emotional burnout syndrome, Maslach burnout inventory, logistic regression, random forest. Abstract: Emotional burnout syndrome is an emotional condition that can be recognized mostly among social service employees. Indications of burnout are chronic fatigue, emotional drain and cynicism towards colleagues, patients and job at all. There are Maslach Burnout Inventory a questionnaire which provides to detect burnout condition and intensity of that condition. The propose to apply machine learning approaches is to predict early prerequisites of job burnout in employees. Initial data set was processed and labeled for machine learning models. Burnout is correctly predicted in 70% of cases. |
12,389 | Please write an abstract with title: Evaluation of dielectric optical waveguides from their far-field radiation patterns, and key words: Optical waveguides, Optical waveguide theory, Semiconductor waveguides, Dielectric measurements, Laser theory, Semiconductor lasers, Waveguide lasers, Laser excitation, Laser applications, Fault detection. Abstract: An experimental technique for determining the characteristics of dielectric optical waveguides is presented. The far-field pattern of a passive waveguide excited by an external source is measured and compared with a theoretical pattern. The presence of spurious light in the fax field complicates the measurement, but this difficulty can be minimized for many structures. Application to semiconductor laser structures is discussed. Determining the waveguiding properties of laser structures prior to processing can result in the early detection of faults for increased yield. |
12,390 | Please write an abstract with title: Distributed Deployment of Aerial Base Stations with RF Energy Harvesting, and key words: Radio frequency, Base stations, Vehicular and wireless technologies, Simulation, Power control, Downlink, Energy harvesting. Abstract: An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-mounted aerial base station (ABS) is considered as a promising technology to enhance the capacity and coverage in future mobile networks. However, determining the optimal placement of ABSs that maximizes the overall communication quality of users is a challenging problem because of complicated air-to-ground channel characteristics and inter-cell interference. Moreover, ABSs are faced with the problem of limited available power resources. In this study, we consider an ABS network in which ABSs perform radio frequency (RF) energy harvesting from terrestrial base stations and propose a novel distributed ABS deployment method that optimizes the performance of the energy harvesting and downlink transmission jointly. In our method, each ABS updates its position by using local information only and communicating with its neighboring ABSs; thus, the overhead of information gathering is smaller than that in the centralized method. Simulation results demonstrate that our method improves both the energy harvesting and communication quality of users. |
12,391 | Please write an abstract with title: Using dither to improve the performance of lossy sigma-delta modulators, and key words: Performance loss, Delta-sigma modulation, Digital modulation, Microprocessors, Signal resolution, CMOS technology, Digital signal processing, Integrated circuit technology, Computer architecture, Very large scale integration. Abstract: Conventional sigma-delta (SigmaDelta) analog-to-digital (AD) converters are based on an active analog SigmaDelta modulator followed by a digital filter. In earlier papers we proposed a new architecture for a first-order SigmaDelta modulator that needs no active analog components. Its advantage is that AD converters can be implemented within FPGAs or directly in the software of microprocessors. Its disadvantage is, however, that it realizes a lossy SigmaDelta modulator with an accompanying limited resolution. Here we propose to use dither-injection to relax that resolution limitation and we present simulation results showing that our ideas work |
12,392 | Please write an abstract with title: Numerical Analysis Investigation of Acoustic Shadow Moiré Interference, and key words: Gratings, Interference, Ultrasonic imaging, Surface topography, Optical surface waves, Acoustic waves. Abstract: Acoustic shadow moiré has unique properties to be used for many potential applications in medical diagnostics, manufacturing, and material characterization. In this paper, numerical analysis, using Comsol, is used to investigate the principles of acoustic moiré interference phenomenon. The study confirmed that the expected fringe images of shadow interference can be created at Talbot distances. The study confirms the experimental results reported by this group [1] and proves without any doubt that acoustic moiré interference phenomenon exists. |
12,393 | Please write an abstract with title: Growth of oxide seed layers on Ni and other technologically interesting metal substrates: issues related to formation and control of sulfur superstructures for texture optimization, and key words: Surface texture, Nickel alloys, Annealing, Substrates, Chemicals, Superconducting films, Stability, Conductive films, Optical films, Pulsed laser deposition. Abstract: The current carrying capabilities of RABiTS are connected to the crystalline quality of the seed buffer layer and the stability of the metal/seed layer interface. Our study shows that the epitaxial growth of commonly used seed layers on textured Ni is mediated by a sulfur superstructure present on the metal surface. Many structural defects generated during seed layer growth (secondary orientations, in-plane rotation, incomplete cube texture) can be related to the S surface concentration and superstructure coverage. More generally, our results indicate that the epitaxial deposition of several classes of oxides (fluorite, perovskite, RE/sub 2/O/sub 3/) on several {100}<100> fcc metals depends, in addition to chemical stability and lattice match, on the existence and optimization of S superstructures on the metal surface. On these bases, we discuss issues related to the growth of different oxides on Ni, Ni-alloys, and Pd surfaces having different chemical and structural properties. |
12,394 | Please write an abstract with title: GaitTransformer: Multiple-Temporal-Scale Transformer for Cross-View Gait Recognition, and key words: Legged locomotion, Aggregates, Streaming media, Transformers, Task analysis, Gait recognition. Abstract: Gait recognition aims to identify different people by walking patterns in a long-distance. At present, most gait recognition methods mainly focus on short-term temporal frame-level feature modeling, while long-term temporal relations and some prior information such as view angle, walking condition are not fully exploited. To alleviate this issue, we propose a transformer-based gait recognition framework called GaitTransformer. A Multiple-Temporal-Scale Transformer (MTST), which consists of multiple transformer encoders with multi-scale position embedding is proposed for the framework to integrate various long-term information of the sequence. Moreover, we further design a knowledge embedding for the MTST to model prior knowledge information. Experiments demonstrate that our GaitTransformer achieves state-of-the-art performance on popular gait datasets. |
12,395 | Please write an abstract with title: 2-D Channel Characterization of a Molecular Motor Signal, and key words: Proteins, Lattices, Receivers, Probability density function, Hidden Markov models, Geometry, Modulation. Abstract: In this article, a two-dimensional channel characterization of a molecular motor signal in a diffusive fluid environment is provided by deriving the first hitting time probability density function of the motor signal to an absorbing lattice point. A temporal modulation scheme to establish communication between two nodes using the motor signal is also proposed. Detection of the motor signal is achieved by using the maximum likelihood detector with erasures for a negligible or no-interference scenario. On the other hand, for motor signal reception with inter-symbol interference, the reception process is modeled as a hidden Markov model, and a Viterbi sequence detection algorithm is devised for decoding the sequence of input Markov states. Efficient criteria to determine the memory length of a diffusive molecular communication (MC) system are defined, which address the problem of choosing a detector for a given MC system. It is demonstrated using numerical results that the hitting probability and, consequently, the error performance of the motor signal worsens with an increase in the unbound probability (ϵ/2). Furthermore, it is also quantitatively established, as to, why in nature directed signals are preferred for communication over purely random diffusive signals at larger distances. |
12,396 | Please write an abstract with title: Dynamic Resource and Task Allocation for Time Efficiency in Modular Reconfigurable Space Systems, and key words: Task analysis, Resource management, Processor scheduling, Mathematical model, Hafnium compounds, Graphics processing units, Dynamic scheduling. Abstract: Space unmanned systems with modular and reconfigurable characteristics show a distributed spatial information processing scenario, which needs a new intelligent information processing architecture and task scheduling method, so as to make better use of on orbit resources, adapt to reconfigurable spatial computing and provide spatial reliability computing. we propose a dynamic computing resource and task allocation algorithm for modular reconfigurable space systems, by introducing Docker container technology to minimize completion time cost of a task for given resource constraints considering network traffic and variable workloads in a unified framework. The algorithm first answers the problem of how multiple modules perform cooperative and reliable computing in modular reconfigurable space systems, and gives a method to jointly optimize task allocating strategy and computing resource scheduling through online prediction and linear regression optimization in distributed environment. We design and implement the algorithm architecture on the Linux based platform, and perform series of tests on the simulated distributed network environment. The experiment results show that the algorithm has resource utilization and task response gain in various situations (different cluster node capabilities, different task response demands), obtain the cluster resource allocation balance, and minimize the total completion time of tasks. |
12,397 | Please write an abstract with title: Extraction of Respiratory Patterns Using Thoracic Bio-Impedance Channels, and key words: Electrodes, COVID-19, Correlation, Pandemics, Delays, Impedance, Data mining. Abstract: The world is witnessing a rapid increase in the need for new techniques and methods that allow monitoring of the respiratory system, especially after the emergence of the Covid-19 pandemic. To determine the respiratory rate, respiratory pattern, and inhaled and exhaled cycles, transthoracic bio-impedance signals were used. That showed great effectiveness in monitoring, but to obtain this signal in most cases method requires a large number of electrodes, which must be placed in uncomfortable places for the patient in the case of long-term monitoring. In this work, the possibility of monitoring the respiratory rate and pattern has been studied using signals recorded from different thoracic areas by four bio- impedance channels, which are placed in comfortable places for long-term monitoring. The right thoracic channel showed stability in signal and the best correlation with the respiratory pattern extracted from the transthoracic channel and the study results recommend using it for long-term monitoring. |
12,398 | Please write an abstract with title: Unsignalized Intersection Vehicle Scheduling Decision Based on Real-Time Queuing Model, and key words: unsignalized intersections, vehicle scheduling. Abstract: Unsignalized intersections are an important research area in the field of intelligent traffic systems. Traditional intersections usually rely on signals to control vehicle movement, but signal scheduling tends to lead to traffic jams and delays. Therefore, a priority queueing model is proposed which contains a vehicle scheduling policy and a lower level of planning. The vehicle scheduling policy contains the design of conflict-directed graph, and depth-first search tree algorithm to achieve collision-free scheduling of vehicles at signal-free intersections. The lower-level planning includes planning for vehicle speed and acceleration. This model is validated in a two-way two-lane intersection scenario simulation and good experimental results are obtained. |
12,399 | Please write an abstract with title: Linear sequence-to-sequence alignment, and key words: Layout, Video recording, Video sequences, Robustness, Cameras, Tracking, Computational geometry, Computer science, Surveillance, Metrology. Abstract: We present a novel approach for temporally aligning N unsynchronized sequences of a dynamic 3D scene, captured from distinct viewpoints. Unlike existing methods, which work for N = 2 and rely on a computationally-intensive search in the space of temporal alignments, we reduce the problem for general N to the robust estimation of a single line in RN. This line captures all temporal relations between the sequences and can be computed without any prior knowledge of these relations. Experimental results show that our method can accurately align sequences even when they have large mis-alignments (e.g., hundreds of frames), when the problem is seemingly ambiguous (e.g., scenes with roughly periodic motion), and when accurate manual alignment is difficult (e.g., due to slow-moving objects). |
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