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12,200 | Please write an abstract with title: Fixed-Time Event-Triggered Output Consensus Tracking of High-Order Multiagent Systems Under Directed Interaction Graphs, and key words: Observers, Topology, Protocols, Time factors, Task analysis, Power system dynamics, Nickel. Abstract: This article investigates the problem of fixed-time event-triggered output consensus tracking for high-order multiagent systems (MASs) under directed interaction graphs. First, a fixed-time event-triggered distributed observer and triggering functions are proposed. Next, fixed-time convergence of the presented distributed observer is proved by the Lyapunov function approach, and an analysis is conducted to show the proposed distributed observer excludes zeno behavior. Then, an event-triggered adaptive dynamic surface fixed-time controller is designed to stabilize the tracking error system. Finally, simulation results are given to show the effectiveness and superiority of the consensus scheme developed. The contribution of this article is to present a novel event-triggered fixed-time distributed observer and a novel fixed-time controller, which can reduce frequency of communication and control update, avoid continuous monitor, exclude zeno behavior, eliminate the effect of mismatched disturbance caused by observation error, and achieve practical fixed-time output consensus tracking of high-order MAS under directed interaction graphs. |
12,201 | Please write an abstract with title: To Fundamentals of the Hysteresis Control with Double Synchronization, and key words: Synchronization, Bifurcation, Hysteresis, Regulators, Control theory, Frequency synchronization. Abstract: Discussion on the hysteresis control with double synchronization (HDS-control) represents one of the most illustrative examples of striking influence of the bifurcation theory on the comprehension of regulator peculiarities. On the one hand, the HDS-regulator provides efficiency, simplicity and stability of energy conversion at the expense of the successful combination of advantages of both hysteresis control and pulse control. On the other hand, it turned out, that the HDS-operating regime can not be explained completely from the control theory only. Simplistically, any system under the HDS-control will inevitably demonstrate nonlinear dynamics; and HDS-operating regime represents various alternations between several operating processes (so-called elementary processes) with equal frequency (the synchronization frequency) and different orders of structural changes caused by four synchronizing surfaces. From the bifurcation theory, the following nontrivial points appear: how many elementary processes and how to treat alternations? Perhaps, due to these circumstances HDS-regulators are practically ignored in industrial applications after 2009 (after quarter-of-a-century accident-free usage of HDS-regulators in the control system of the high-speed railway train ER200 exploited on the railway line Moscow - St. Petersburg from year 1984, Russia). Revival interest in the HDS-dynamics nonlinear picture was initiated by the novel results when accents were shifted from the desired operating performance towards potential nonlinear phenomena. Here we comment briefly HDS-control basis and discuss these accents with attracting both computer simulations and experimental tests. |
12,202 | Please write an abstract with title: Current flattening in software and hardware for security applications, and key words: Hardware, Application software, Energy consumption, Elliptic curve cryptography, Public key cryptography, Timing, Data security, Protocols, Power system security, Information analysis. Abstract: This work presents a new current flattening technique applicable in software and hardware. This technique is important in embedded cryptosystems since power analysis attacks (that make use of the current variation dependency on data and program) compromise the security of the system. The technique flattens the current internally by exploiting current consumption differences at the instruction level. Code transformations supporting current variation reductions due to program dependencies are presented. Also, real-time hardware architecture capable of reducing the current to data and program dependencies is proposed. Measured and simulated current waveforms of cryptographic software are presented in support of these techniques. |
12,203 | Please write an abstract with title: Novel integrated CMOS sensor circuits, and key words: Noise reduction, Sampling methods, Circuit testing, Detectors, Signal design, Signal to noise ratio, Silicon, Voltage, Charge transfer, Capacitance. Abstract: Three novel integrated CMOS active pixel sensor circuits for vertex detector applications have been designed with the goal of increased signal-to-noise ratio and speed. First, a large-area native epitaxial silicon photogate sensor was designed to increase the charge collected per hit pixel and to reduce charge diffusion to neighboring pixels. High charge to voltage conversion is maintained by subsequent charge transfer to a low capacitance readout node. Second, a per-pixel correlated double sampling kT/C reset noise reduction circuit was tested. It requires only one read, as compared to two for typical double sampling in active pixel sensors, and no off-pixel storage or subtraction is needed. The technique reduced input-referred temporal noise by a factor of 2.5 to a measured 15.6 e/sup -/, rms. Finally, a column-level active reset technique was designed that suppresses kT/C reset noise. It reduced noise by up to a factor of 7.6, to an estimated 8.3 input-referred electrons, rms. The technique also dramatically reduces fixed pattern (pedestal) noise, by up to a factor of 21. This may reduce pixel-by-pixel pedestal differences enough to permit sparse data scan without per-pixel offset corrections. |
12,204 | Please write an abstract with title: ANN Control Based Soft Switched Full-Bridge LED Driver Configuration for Street Lighting Application, and key words: Total harmonic distortion, Reactive power, Lighting, Switching loss, Light emitting diodes, Software, PD control. Abstract: In this work, full-bridge DC-to-DC converter setup is illustrated that can be used to adjust the brightness of Light Emitting Diode (LED). It performs significantly better when utilized with high-intensity lights. The suggested outline offers the advantages of dimming control, reduced switching loss, reduced supply voltage volatility, high efficiency, reduced Total Harmonic Distortion (THD), increased power factor, and lower cost. Legs may be added to enhance amount of LED bulbs. It can power various lighting loads and used in street lighting application. Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) and Artificial-Neural-Network (ANN) controllers are used to regulate voltage across loads and simulation values are presented. Suggested structure is simulated in MATLAB/Simulink software. |
12,205 | Please write an abstract with title: Bridging Scenarios in Reinforcement Learning with Continuously Generated Relaying Predictive Models, and key words: Bridges, Q-learning, Transfer learning, Predictive models, Power system stability, Prediction algorithms, Stability analysis. Abstract: Transfer learning is an effective way to reduce expensive interactions with the physical environment in reinforcement learning (RL). Based on the correlation between scenarios, both the prior policy and historical experiences collected in the source domain may help to accelerate policy optimization in the target domain. However, without setting proper relaying scenarios, the discrepancy between domains may lead to sub-optimal policies or even negative transfer. In this paper, we firstly propose a continuously generated relaying predictive model (CRPM), which autonomously bridges the source domain and target domain with a series of gradually modi ed relaying scenarios. Then, we experimentally show that CRPM effectively reduces interactions required for policy optimization in the target domain. Besides, we combine CRPM with model-based RL, which further improves the performance. The CRPM also helps to improve the classical model-free algorithm by considering it as a particular case of transfer learning in the same domain. Experimental results show that CRPM helps to avoid sub-optimal policies and outperforms other algorithms in both the source and target scenarios. |
12,206 | Please write an abstract with title: Flexible access secure transfer (FAST) tactical communications waveform for airborne networking, and key words: Quality of service, Delay, Pulse modulation, Mobile ad hoc networks, Mobile communication, Open systems, Multiaccess communication, Frequency conversion, Military communication, Access protocols. Abstract: The military capabilities necessary to realize DOD's vision on network centric operation depends upon achieving information and decision superiority through the implementation of an IP enabled jam resistant airborne networking waveform that extends the capabilities of the GIG into the tactical edge airborne and space environments. This paper describes a novel communication protocol called flexible access secure transfer (FAST) for airborne networking waveform that enables low latency communication for time sensitive tactical networking in addition to providing mobile ad-hoc networking in high mobility tactical edge operations. FAST is being developed to operate as a new mode for JTRS networking waveform primarily as an airborne Intranet. It can also be deployed in many of existing Air Force fighters equipped with multifunctional informational distribution system (MlDS) without integration impact to these platforms. |
12,207 | Please write an abstract with title: QoS-enabled Cache Architecture for a Private Cloud, and key words: Cloud computing, Costs, Computational modeling, Memory management, Emulation, Quality of service, Data models. Abstract: The in-memory cache system is an important component in a cloud for the data access performance. As the tenants may have different performance goals for data access depending on the nature of their tasks, effectively managing the memory cache is a crucial concern in such a shared computing environment. Two extreme methods for managing the memory cache are unlimited sharing and complete isolation, both of which would be inefficient with the expensive storage complexity to meet the per-tenant performance requirement. In this paper, we present a new cache model that incorporates global caching (based on unlimited sharing) and static caching (offering complete isolation) for a private cloud, in which it is critical to offer the guaranteed performance while minimizing the operating cost. This paper also presents a cache insertion algorithm tailored to the proposed cache model. From an extensive set of experiments conducted on the simulation and emulation settings, the results confirm the validity of the presented cache architecture and insertion algorithm showing the optimized use of the cache space for meeting the per-tenant performance requirement. |
12,208 | Please write an abstract with title: Neural network and tree automaton for seismic pattern recognition, and key words: Neural networks, Automata, Pattern recognition, Error correction, Multilayer perceptrons, Multi-layer neural network, Computer networks, Tree data structures, Chaos, Information science. Abstract: We combine neural network and syntactic pattern recognition, and propose a tree automaton system for the recognition of structural seismic patterns in a seismogram. Multilayer perceptron of the neural network is used for the identification of subpatterns, then a tree representation of the structural seismic pattern is constructed. We use three kinds of modified bottom-up structure preserved error correcting tree automata to recognize the tree representation of syntactic pattern, and propose a new top-down error correcting tree automaton to recognize non-structural preserved seismic pattern, in the experiments, the system is applied to the simulated and the real seismic bright spot patterns. The recognition result can improve seismic interpretation. |
12,209 | Please write an abstract with title: Predicting TF Proteins by Incorporating Evolution Information Through PSSM, and key words: Proteins, Feature extraction, Deep learning, Databases, Convolution, Predictive models, Neural networks. Abstract: Transcription factors (TFs) are DNA binding proteins involved in the regulation of gene expression. They exist in all organisms and activate or repress transcription by binding to specific DNA sequences. Traditionally, TFs have been identified by experimental methods that are time-consuming and costly. In recent years, various computational methods have been developed to identify TF to overcome these limitations. However, there is a room for further improvement in the predictive performance of these tools in terms of accuracy. We report here a novel computational tool, TFnet, that provides accurate and comprehensive TF predictions from protein sequences. The accuracy of these predictions is substantially better than the results of the existing TF predictors and methods. Especially, it outperforms comparable methods significantly when sequence similarity to other known sequences in the database drops below 40%. Ablation tests reveal that the high predictive performance stems from innovative ways used in TFnet to derive sequence Position-Specific Scoring Matrix (PSSM) and encode inputs. |
12,210 | Please write an abstract with title: A Two-stage Improving Scheme on Intelligent Aircraft Trajectory Optimization, and key words: Aircraft, Trajectory, Aerospace control, Atmospheric modeling, Mathematical model, Linear programming, Aircraft propulsion. Abstract: This paper focuses on the Intelligent Aircraft Trajectory Optimization (IATO) problem. A two-stage mixed integer programming model is proposed to minimize the travel route of the aircraft and the number of visited correction points. Two strategies called SP-MNCP and MNCP-SP are presented to reflect the actual engineering requirements in the intelligent aircraft controlling. The trade-off between the shortest path and the minimum correction points is investigated in detail based on the numerical experiments in the real-world scenarios. |
12,211 | Please write an abstract with title: Cooperation in wireless ad hoc networks: a market-based approach, and key words: Intelligent networks, Ad hoc networks, Mobile ad hoc networks, Relays, Routing, Batteries, Design optimization, Wireless application protocol, Bandwidth, Iterative algorithms. Abstract: We consider a market-based approach to stimulate cooperation in ad hoc networks where nodes charge a price for relaying data packets. Assuming that nodes set prices to maximize their own net benefit, we characterize the equilibria of the resulting market. In addition, we propose an iterative algorithm for the nodes to adapt their price and rate allocation, and study its convergence behavior. We use a numerical case study to illustrate our results. |
12,212 | Please write an abstract with title: Onboard autonomy and fault protection concept of the BIRD satellite, and key words: Protection, Birds, Space technology, Fault detection, Infrared detectors, Low earth orbit satellites, Testing, Vegetation, Fires, Space vehicles. Abstract: BIRD (Bi-Spectral Infra-Red Detection) has been demonstrating new technologies since its launch on 22. October, 2001 with the PSLV-C3 from Shar/India successfully into a sun-synchronous low Earth orbit at 560 km. Besides the successful in-orbit test of the detection and evaluation of vegetation fires with micro satellites, BIRD has also been demonstrating a number of advanced spacecraft bus technologies, especially in the field of satellite autonomy and fault detection and protection. A number of ingenious features make it possible to operate the 92 kg satellite in a comfortable and safely way. Special features include the autonomous management of onboard computer failures, surveillance and response to critical parameters limit exceeding, system attitude anomalies. A robust redundancy philosophy and optimised ground-spacecraft interaction concept has contributed to the success of the BIRD mission, which was designed to operate for one year and has completed now its second year of operation. The paper describes the related new technologies and the results from the experience with BIRD. |
12,213 | Please write an abstract with title: Cleaning assessment in endoscopic esophageal images using U-Net and a classification model, and key words: Image segmentation, Endoscopes, Scattering, Feature extraction, Gastrointestinal tract, Water pollution, Cleaning. Abstract: The presence of water bubbles, foam, mucus or residual food in the gastrointestinal tract is a common problem during Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (UGIE). This condition could cause difficulties to detect lesions as well as perform interventions if required for medical doctors. In every medical center all over the world, analyzing endoscopic images with bubbles is becoming a vital practical issue. In this paper, we propose an automatic scheme to segment regions of water bubbles thanks to the recent advantages of a deep neural network - U-net. Based on the segmentation results, we construct a classification model to evaluate the cleaning level of the current examined images. The classification model utilizes features which directly extracted from the segmented areas such as the number of the water bubbles, their concentrating distribution or scattering in the current view. The proposed method is evaluated on a testing dataset validated by the endoscopists. Accuracy of the quality assessment by the proposed techniques achieves the rate of 90%. Therefore, the proposed method presents a feasible tool for automatically eliminating of unclean UGIE images. |
12,214 | Please write an abstract with title: Active information resource: design concept and example, and key words: Information resources, Information processing, Search engines, Web services, Data processing, Computer networks, Distributed computing, Portals, Information retrieval. Abstract: To reduce the burden for users that utilize information from distributed information resources, the deployment of distributed active information resource (AIR) is proposed. An AIR is a information resource that is enhanced with the knowledge of the content and the functionality for actively and flexibly supporting use/reuse of the content. Multiple AIRs could cooperate actively and automatically to target the proper information resources, carry out complex information processing and then provide composite result. In this paper the concept and main use of AIR are discussed. Also, the construction and information processing of AIR, as well as an experimental implementation of agent-based AIR system, are introduced. |
12,215 | Please write an abstract with title: A combined decision fusion and channel coding scheme for fault-tolerant classification in wireless sensor networks, and key words: Channel coding, Fault tolerance, Intelligent networks, Wireless sensor networks, Decoding, Fading, Batteries, Error correction codes, Sensor fusion, Redundancy. Abstract: In this paper, we consider the distributed classification problem in wireless sensor networks. Local decisions made by local sensors, possibly in the presence of faults, are transmitted to the fusion center through fading channels. We integrate channel coding with the distributed fault-tolerant classification fusion approach, i.e., the DCFECC approach. We obtain a new fusion rule that combines both soft-decision decoding and local decision rules without introducing any additional redundancy. The soft decoding scheme is utilized to combat channel fading, while the DCFECC fusion structure provides excellent fault-tolerance capability. |
12,216 | Please write an abstract with title: Hybridization of the multi-objective evolutionary algorithms and the gradient-based algorithms, and key words: Evolutionary computation, Automotive engineering, Sorting, Genetic algorithms, Quadratic programming, Computational efficiency, Stochastic processes, Sampling methods, Acceleration, Convergence. Abstract: It is known from single-objective optimization that hybrid variants of local search algorithms and evolutionary algorithms can outperform their pure counterparts. This holds, in particular, in continuous search spaces and for differentiable fitness functions. The same should be true in multiobjective optimization. An efficient gradient-based local algorithm, sequential quadratic programming (SQP) is combined with two well-known multiobjective evolutionary algorithms, strength Pareto evolutionary algorithm (SPEA) and nondominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) respectively, by means of a modified /spl epsiv/-constraint method. The resulting two hybrid algorithms demonstrate great success over two sets of well-chosen functions regarding the convergence rate. In addition, from the simulation studies, the hybridization approach also enhances, at least does not ruin, the diversity of the solutions. |
12,217 | Please write an abstract with title: Built-in TPG with designed phaseshifts, and key words: Phase shifters, Hardware, Test pattern generators, Logic, Testing, Network synthesis, Built-in self-test, Linear feedback shift registers, Automata, Very large scale integration. Abstract: In this paper, we present built-in test pattern generation (TPG) mechanisms that can enforce a prescribed exact set of phaseshifts, or channel separations, on the bit sequences produced by their successive stages, while still requiring low hardware overhead. Such mechanisms are used in controlling the amount of correlations and/or linear dependencies that are problematic for pseudorandom and pseudoexhaustive TPG in a two-dimensional TPG architecture. The reduction in hardware overhead is achieved by a new technique that merges the logic of the original TPG mechanism with that of the required phase shifter network in order to yield an improved compact structure. |
12,218 | Please write an abstract with title: Efficient optimization of constrained nonlinear resource allocation, and key words: Constraint optimization, Resource management, Quality of service, Admission control, Entropy, Design optimization, Design engineering, Process control, Wireless networks, Power control. Abstract: We present an efficient method to optimize network resource allocations under nonlinear quality of service (QoS) constraints. We first propose a suite of generalized proportional allocation schemes that can be obtained by minimizing the information-theoretic function of relative entropy. We then optimize over the allocation parameters, which are usually design variables an engineer can directly vary, either for a particular user or for the worst-case user, under constraints that lower bound the allocated resources for all other users. Despite the nonlinearity in the objective and constraints, we show that this suite of resource allocation optimization can be efficiently solved for global optimality through a convex optimization technique called geometric programming. This general method and its extensions are applicable to a wide array of resource allocation problems, including processor sharing, congestion control, admission control, and wireless network power control. We provide a specific example of efficiently optimizing an admission control scheme. |
12,219 | Please write an abstract with title: Leveraging Notebooks on Testbeds: the Grid’5000 Case, and key words: Computer science, Automation, Conferences, Reproducibility of results, Cognition, Standards. Abstract: Computer science testbeds often require extensive experiment automation to be used efficiently. Jupyter notebooks can contain the scientific reasoning, experiment orchestration, and experiment results in an easy to read, easy to execute format. However some level of support is required from the testbeds to facilitate notebook use on their platforms. Additionally this format can be used for more than driving experiments, and different uses have different requirements in terms of support. In this paper we present an analysis of different notebook uses to be expected on computer science testbeds, as found through the feedback of users of the Grid'5000 testbed and a survey of other similar testbeds. Then we present the technical implementation of Jupyter on the Grid'5000 to support those uses. |
12,220 | Please write an abstract with title: A Fast Proximal Gradient Algorithm to Solve Electromagnetic Inverse Scattering Problems, and key words: Electronics packaging, Scattering, Approximation methods, Approximation algorithms, Iterative algorithms, Inverse problems. Abstract: Up until now, many methods have been applied in electromagnetic inverse scattering problems (ISPs). In this paper, we propose three methods to solve it using the proximal gradient algorithm (PGA) based on the Born approximation. The numerical results validate that the PGA with subspace Born iterative approximation does well in retrieving the unknown scatterers and the retrieval value is more accurate comparing to the PGA with Born approximation and Born iterative approximation. |
12,221 | Please write an abstract with title: Vision to Language: Captioning Images using Deep Learning, and key words: Training, Deep learning, Visualization, Recurrent neural networks, Machine vision, Signal processing, Feature extraction, Decoding, Convolutional neural networks, Task analysis. Abstract: The challenging problem of image captioning and its solution has been approached using an amalgam of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs). The results obtained using this Encoder-Decoder architecture have proven to be quite satisfactory. This work attempts to study the comparative performance of various encoder architectures for image captioning under CNN-RNN background. We show here the various BLEU scores evaluated using three different experimental settings for the encoder part. Firstly, the encoder used is the VGGNet [1] model which was pre-trained for ILSVRC-2012 [2], followed by ResNet [3] model for ILSVRC-2015 and finally the complex yet less expensive InceptionV3 [7] model. |
12,222 | Please write an abstract with title: Development and Evaluation of a Control Architecture for Human-Collaborative Robotic Manipulator in Industrial Application, and key words: Visualization, Service robots, Tracking, Computational modeling, Systems architecture, Computer architecture, Robot sensing systems. Abstract: Research in the field of robotics and industries is heavily investing in human-robot interaction. Collaborative robots aim to bridge the gap and bring humans and robots closer together in industrial settings by taking down physical barriers and sharing workspaces. This paper describes an integrated system architecture for modeling and controlling robots for human-collaborative behavior, while employing safety assurance mechanisms. This is performed by integrating motion tracking and compliance algorithms implemented using linear Proportional-Integral (PI) and Admittance controllers, respectively. The controllers are applied on the robot’s kinematic and dynamic models, alongside with force/torque and proximity sensors. The developed architecture is verified through a series of simulations applied using MATLAB/Simulink environment and Simscape Multibody visualization method. |
12,223 | Please write an abstract with title: SAR Image Simulation of Ship Turbulent Wake Using Semi-Empirical Energy Spectrum, and key words: Conferences, Computational modeling, Computational electromagnetics, Radar polarimetry, Marine vehicles, Electromagnetics, Synthetic aperture radar. Abstract: A semi-empirical energy spectrum based method is proposed to simulate the Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images of ship turbulent wake. Several important features of the turbulence can be modeled in SAR image, including the jet wake, the vortex wakes and their interactions with the ambient waves. The efficiency and accuracy of this method are validated through a comparison between the classical two scale method and the experimental data. |
12,224 | Please write an abstract with title: A Variational Framework for Curve Shortening in Various Geometric Domains, and key words: Heating systems, Three-dimensional displays, Point cloud compression, Shortest path problem, Costs, Approximation algorithms, Surface waves. Abstract: Geodesics measure the shortest distance (either locally or globally) between two points on a curved surface and serve as a fundamental tool in digital geometry processing. Suppose that we have a parameterized path $\gamma (t)=\mathbf {x}(u(t),v(t))$ on a surface $\mathbf {x}=\mathbf {x}(u,v)$ with $\gamma (0)=p$ and $\gamma (1)=q$. We formulate the two-point geodesic problem into a minimization problem $\int _0^1 H(\Vert \mathbf {x}_uu^{\prime }(t)+\mathbf {x}_vv^{\prime }(t)\Vert)\text{d}t$, where $H(s)$ satisfies $H(0)=0,H^{\prime }(s)>0$ and $H^{\prime \prime }(s)\geq 0$ for $s>0$. In our implementation, we choose $H(s)=e^{s^2}-1$ and show that it has several unique advantages over other choices such as $H(s)=s^2$ and $H(s)=s$. It is also a minimizer of the traditional geodesic length variational and able to guarantee the uniqueness and regularity in terms of curve parameterization. In the discrete setting, we construct the initial path by a sequence of moveable points $\lbrace x_i\rbrace _{i=1}^n$ and minimize $\sum _{i=1}^{n} H(\Vert x_i - x_{i+1}\Vert)$. The resulting points are evenly spaced along the path. It’s obvious that our algorithm can deal with parametric surfaces. Considering that meshes, point clouds and implicit surfaces can be transformed into a signed distance function (SDF), we also discuss its implementation on a general SDF. Finally, we show that our method can be extended to solve a general least-cost path problem. We validate the proposed algorithm in terms of accuracy, performance and scalability, and demonstrate the advantages by extensive comparisons. |
12,225 | Please write an abstract with title: cDNA microarray analysis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells subjected to cyclic mechanical strain, and key words: Humans, Veins, Capacitive sensors, Cells (biology), Blood flow, Pathogens, Gene expression, Genetics, White blood cells, Inhibitors. Abstract: Endothelial cells are constantly subjected to mechanical forces due to blood flow. The forces have been implicated in vascular pathogenesis; therefore, the consequences of these forces need to be examined. Using cDNA microarray technology, we studied the gene expression of human umbilical vein endothelial cells subjected to a 10% cyclic strain for 6 and 24 hours. Of the 4000 genes included on the Research Genetics GeneFilter/sup /spl reg// 211, thirty genes were determined as differentially expressed. The most highly upregulated gene at 6 hours was carboxypeptidase A3 at 3.2-fold; whereas, the most downregulated gene was dystrobrevin, alpha at 0.4-fold. At 24 hours, the most highly upregulated was matrix metalloproteinase 10 at 3.6-fold and the most downregulated was secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor at 0.5-fold. These genes were not only regulated by the strain of the cells, but some were actually regulated by the fluid agitation inherent in the system over the cells. |
12,226 | Please write an abstract with title: Common-Mode Voltage Cancellation for Reducing the Common-Mode Noise in DC–DC Converters, and key words: Windings, Inductors, Buck converters, Noise cancellation, Capacitors, Electromagnetic interference. Abstract: Common-mode (CM) noise cancellation method is an attractive approach to reduce the original CM noise in power converters, which helps to shrink the size of electromagnetic interference filter. Traditional CM noise cancellation method cancels the CM noise current by adding a branch consisted of a compensation voltage source and a compensation capacitor, which generates a cancellation current and nullifies the noise current. As the duality, the voltage cancellation method is also feasible for reducing the CM noise, which has not been investigated in dc-dc converters. In this article, a common-mode voltage cancellation (CMVC) method is proposed, which cancels the CM voltage of the converter by inserting compensation voltage source into the input power cord. The requirement for achieving CMVC is that the cancellation voltage and the parasitic capacitances in the circuit are matched. The applications of CMVC method in basic nonisolated and isolated dc-dc converters are presented, and the considerations for practical applications of this method are discussed. Finally, a buck converter and a half-bridge LLC resonant converter prototype are built, and the proposed method is verified by experiment, respectively. |
12,227 | Please write an abstract with title: Health Prediction for UAV Motors Based on Weak Degradation Characteristics, and key words: Degradation, Fault diagnosis, Vibrations, Brushless DC motors, Neural networks, Time series analysis, Autonomous aerial vehicles. Abstract: For the multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), the power source is the brushless direct current (BLDC) motors whose working status directly affects the safety of the UAVs. Therefore, it is of great importance to accurately estimate and predict the healthy status of the BLDC motor. In this paper, to achieve such a purpose, a weak degradation characteristic extraction method is proposed based on the variational mode decomposition (VMD) and the Laplacian eigenmaps (LE). With the proposed method, the weak degradation characteristic of the BLDC motor can be extracted accurately and the loss of key information as well as interference of redundant information are avoided. By using the historical data memory and the relationship analysis ability of the long-term and short-term memory, the healthy status of the BLDC motor is well predicted. |
12,228 | Please write an abstract with title: Passive tracking scheme for a single stationary observer, and key words: Sea measurements, Infrared sensors, Target tracking, State estimation, Oceans, Laser fusion, Fuses, Velocity measurement, Least squares approximation, Sensor fusion. Abstract: While there are many techniques for bearings-only tracking (BOT) in the ocean environment, they do not apply directly to the land situation. Generally, for tactical reasons, the land observer platform is stationary; but, it has two sensors, visible and infrared, for measuring bearings and a laser range finder (LRF) for measuring range. There is a requirement to develop a new BOT data fusion scheme that fuses the two sets of bearing readings, and together with a single LRF measurement, produces a unique track. This paper first develops a parameterized solution for the target speeds, and then heading, prior to the occurrence of the LRF measurement, when the track is unobservable. At, and after the LRF measurement, a BOT, formulated as a least squares (LS) estimator, then produces a unique LS estimate of the target states. Bearing readings from the other sensor serve as instrumental variables in a data fusion setting to eliminate the bias in the BOT estimator. The result is an unbiased and decentralized data fusion scheme. Results from two simulation experiments have corroborated the theoretical development and show also that the scheme is optimal. |
12,229 | Please write an abstract with title: Research on Electromagnetic Wave Propagation Characteristics of Fully Ionized Inhomogeneous Dusty Plasma in a Magnetized BGK Model, and key words: Dusty plasmas, Plasmas, Mathematical model, Magnetosphere, Distribution functions, Nonhomogeneous media, Magnetization. Abstract: Starting from Boltzmann's approximate equation, the Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook (BGK) collision model of inhomogeneous dusty plasma is derived. In the case of an external magnetic field, the expression of the dielectric coefficient of the dusty plasma under the collision condition of the fully ionized BGK is obtained by combining the collision effect and charging effect of the dusty plasma. By using the transfer matrix method, the reflection coefficient and transmission coefficient of electromagnetic (EM) waves under different external magnetic fields and dusty plasma parameters are calculated, and the propagation characteristics of dusty plasma under the nonuniform fully ionized BGK collision model are analyzed. Results show that the inelastic collision absorption effect between electrons and dust particles is the strongest when the incident frequency of EM waves is close to or equal to the charging frequency of dusty plasma. Meanwhile, the size and density of dust particles can affect the effective collision frequency of dusty plasma and strongly influence the EM wave propagation characteristics. By analyzing the propagation characteristics of different external magnetic fields to circularly polarized waves, changing the size and direction of the external magnetic field can artificially control the low coefficient band range and size of the EM wave transmission coefficient in dusty plasma. These results provide a theoretical basis for the study of EM wave propagation in weakly impacted fully ionized dusty plasma and communication problems in near space. |
12,230 | Please write an abstract with title: Image recognition and processing model of multi-circuit lines on the same tower based on artificial intelligence, and key words: Power transmission lines, Image recognition, Poles and towers, Power transmission, Manuals, Maintenance engineering, Autonomous aerial vehicles. Abstract: The erection of multi-circuit transmission lines on the same tower can effectively improve the utilization efficiency of power corridors, and is increasingly used in power grid construction planning. But at the same time, the difficulty of live maintenance of multi-circuit transmission lines on the same tower is gradually presented to power grid builders. Aiming at the problems of large workload and low efficiency in manual identification of defective images in the process of UAV(Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) patrolling transmission lines application needs. Taking advantage of the convenience of UAV to inspect power lines, the system structure of the UAV stereo intelligent inspection application platform based on UAV image recognition is explored. Image or video data for preprocessing recognition. At the same time, the position of the image defect is marked and the type is classified, and the recognition result is fed back. |
12,231 | Please write an abstract with title: Stress analysis of automotive IGBT module under vibration load, and key words: Vibrations, Insulated gate bipolar transistors, Wires, Harmonic analysis, Stability analysis, Finite element analysis, Ceramics. Abstract: With the development of new energy vehicles, its control component (automotive IGBT module) has met new opportunities and challenges. Automotive IGBT modules are in severe service conditions and often suffer from vibration environment. Therefore, the vibration analysis of automotive IGBT module has important practical significance. In this paper, finite element software is used to study the stress distribution of automotive IGBT module under two vibration modes: simple harmonic vibration and random vibration, and a comparison is made. By observing the stress nephogram of simple harmonic vibration and random vibration, it can be found that the stress in the middle of the module and the root of the bonding wire is larger in both vibration modes. |
12,232 | Please write an abstract with title: RIS-Assisted mmWave Channel Estimation Using Convolutional Neural Networks, and key words: Training, Wireless communication, Phased arrays, Conferences, Simulation, Phase shifters, Channel estimation. Abstract: Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) has recently been proposed as a smart reflector that significantly provides an energy and spectrum efficient solution for beyond 5G communications. The RIS is a planar surface made of a large number of reflecting elements. More specifically, an array of phase shifters. RIS provides an additional degree of freedom (DoF) by smartly reconfiguring the wireless environment. However, channel estimation (CE) is a challenging issue to benefit from RIS. To obtain the accurate channel state information (CSI) at the base station (BS), the number of channel coefficients is proportional to the number of reflecting elements and the number of users. Therefore, the training overhead prohibitively increases as the number of reflecting elements and/or users increases. In this paper, we propose a two-stage CE approach in mmWave communications to address this issue. In the first stage, we reduce the number of active users in the training period. Then we exploit the sparsity of the mmWave channel of the active users to divide the estimation process into three simple subproblems. In the second stage, we use the partial CSI collected in the first stage, exploit the spatial-temporal correlation between the channels for nearby users to estimate the channels for the remaining users. We deploy the spatial-temporal-spectral (STS) framework based on deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to estimate the channel coefficients for inactive users in the training period. Simulation results demonstrate that the performance of the proposed approach outperforms a benchmark scheme. |
12,233 | Please write an abstract with title: Fast 3D Hand Pose Estimation for Real-time System, and key words: Three-dimensional displays, Pose estimation, Neural networks, Graphics processing units, Feature extraction, Real-time systems, Convolutional neural networks. Abstract: In this paper, we propose a novel system that estimates 3D coordinates of the hand joints from a single depth image using a convolutional neural network (CNN). The proposed system consists of the CNN-based feature extraction, and a regression neural network that estimates 3D joint coordinates. The regression network is composed of two branches by dividing a palm and fingers. In the experimental results, the proposed system was compared with other state-of-the-art methods using a public NYU dataset. The proposed system had an average 3D distance error of 9.62mm and inference time of 172 fps. It had the best performance in terms of both accuracy and speed than other recent methods. |
12,234 | Please write an abstract with title: A Multi-Task Collaborative Network for Light Field Salient Object Detection, and key words: Object detection, Feature extraction, Image edge detection, Coherence, Computational modeling, Semantics, Correlation. Abstract: Being able to predict the salient object is of fundamental importance in image processing and computer vision. With numerous approaches proposed for automatic image and video salient object detection, much less work has been dedicated to detecting and segmenting salient objects from light fields. In this article, based on the intrinsic characteristics of light fields, we carefully explore the complementary coherence among multiple cues including spatial, edge and depth information, and elaborately design a multi-task collaborative network for light field salient object detection. More specifically, the correlation mechanisms among edge detection, depth inference and salient object detection are carefully investigated to facilitate the representative saliency features. We first model the coherence among low-level features and heuristic semantic priors, as well as the edge information. Subsequently, the depth-oriented saliency features are derived from the geometry of light fields, in which the 3D convolution operation is leveraged with powerful representation capability to model the disparity correlations among multiple viewpoint images. Finally, a feature-enhanced salient object generator is developed to integrate these complementary saliency features, leading to the final salient object predictions for light fields. Quantitative and qualitative experiments demonstrate the superiority of our proposed model against the state-of-the-art methods over the public light field salient object detection datasets. |
12,235 | Please write an abstract with title: A stable identification structure for a class of stochastic systems, and key words: Stochastic systems, Stability, Convergence, Feedback, Speech analysis, Stochastic resonance, Signal processing algorithms, Stochastic processes, Iterative methods, Nonlinear systems. Abstract: An on-line structure for identifying the parameters of a class of stochastic systems is presented and its convergence proof is established. The convergence proof, which is based on the supermartingale convergence theorem, is simple and concise and is valid under weak assumptions. It is shown that several identification schemes, some of them well known, can be derived as special cases of the proposed structure, and the global asymptotic stability of some schemes is proved. |
12,236 | Please write an abstract with title: Analytical results for the fluxon-antifluxon annihilation process in Josephson junctions, and key words: Josephson junctions, Solitons, Plasma properties, Power measurement, Microwave measurements, Geometry, Physics, Energy loss, Numerical simulation, Damping. Abstract: The perturbation theory for the velocity of fluxons moving on a Josephson line has been extended to junctions of finite length. This is done by including the energy loss during collisions, the bias input energy, and the phase-shift experienced by a soliton approaching a boundary. This enables us to calculate approximate dc IV-characteristics of inline and overlap junctions. These are compared to full numerical simulations. In addition a simple expression for the soliton annihilation curve is given. |
12,237 | Please write an abstract with title: A High Step-Up/Step-Down LVS-Parallel HVS-Series ZVS Bidirectional Converter With Coupled Inductors, and key words: Inductors, Zero voltage switching, Batteries, Windings, Capacitors, Clamps, Switches. Abstract: This article introduces a nonisolated bidirectional converter with high-voltage conversion ratio. In the proposed converter, by integrating the two-phase low-voltage-side (LVS)-parallel high-voltage-side (HVS)-series bidirectional converter with the coupled inductors, features, such as high voltage gain, low voltage stresses, current sharing, and current ripple cancelation, are achieved. Due to the proposed converter's operation in triangular conduction mode, the desirable benefits of zero voltage switching, diode reverse recovery elimination, and reduction of converter filter inductors and, consequently, leakage inductors are obtained. To recycle the leakage inductors’ energy and to solve the related difficulties for both operation modes, a simple passive clamp with the minimum number of elements is utilized. Also, to improve the light-loads’ efficiency, the variable frequency control is developed. The proposed converter is comprehensively analyzed, and to verify the analysis, the experimental results are provided. |
12,238 | Please write an abstract with title: Optimal code size reduction for software-pipelined and unfolded loops, and key words: Flow graphs, Data flow computing, Processor scheduling, Pipeline processing, Delay effects, Law, Legal factors, Application software, Constraint optimization, Memory management. Abstract: Software pipelining and unfolding are commonly used techniques to increase parallelism for DSP applications. However, these techniques expand the code size of the application significantly. For most DSP systems with limited memory resources, code size becomes one of the most critical concerns for the high-performance applications. In this paper, we present the code size reduction theory based on retiming and unfolding concepts. We propose a code size reduction framework to achieve the optimal code size of software-pipelined and unfolded loops by using conditional registers. The experimental results on several well-known benchmarks show the effectiveness of our code size reduction technique in controlling the code size of optimized loops. |
12,239 | Please write an abstract with title: Tropospheric Excess Path Delay Compensation on Wrapped Ground-Based SAR Interferograms, and key words: Fourier transforms, Fluctuations, Frequency-domain analysis, Atmospheric modeling, Geoscience and remote sensing, Delays, Motion measurement. Abstract: Tropospheric excess path delays afflict surface motion measurements when Ground-based SAR (GB-SAR) interferometry is adopted. In this work, we propose an adaptive frequency-domain methodology to estimate the atmospheric phase screen (APS) components using wrapped GB-SAR interferometric data pairs, thus avoiding any possible phase unwrapping mistake. The experimental results show that the developed technique can detect and compensate for tropospheric fluctuations found in steep mountain areas without using any external digital elevation model of the investigated area. The paper addresses the potential of the developed technique by applying it on a set of simulated data. |
12,240 | Please write an abstract with title: The Impact of Social Network Structure on the Growth and Survival of Online Communities, and key words: Social networking (omline), Predictive models, Reddit, Social network theory. Abstract: While online communities are important platforms for various social activities, many online communities fail to survive, which motivates researchers to investigate factors affecting the growth and survival of online communities. We comprehensively examine the effects of a wide variety of social network features on the growth and survival of communities in Reddit. We show that several social network features, including clique ratio, density, clustering coefficient, reciprocity and centralization, have significant effects on the survival of communities. In contrast, we also show that social network features examined in this paper only have weak effects on the growth of communities. Moreover, we conducted experiments predicting future growth and survival of online communities from social network features. The results show that social network features are useful for predicting the survival of communities but not for predicting their growth. |
12,241 | Please write an abstract with title: Novel ATPG algorithms for transition faults, and key words: Automatic test pattern generation, Circuit faults, Circuit testing, Delay, Clocks, Compaction, Computer architecture, Sequential analysis, Combinational circuits, Sequential circuits. Abstract: This paper proposes novel algorithms for computing test patterns for transition faults in combinational circuits and fully scanned sequential circuits. The algorithms are based on the principle that s@ vectors can be effectively used to construct good quality transition test sets. Several algorithms are discussed. Experimental results obtained using the new algorithms show that there is a 20% reduction in test set size, test data volume and test application time compared to a state-of-the-art native transition test ATPG tool, without any reduction in fault coverage. Other benefits of our approach, viz. productivity improvement, constraint handling and design data compression are highlighted. |
12,242 | Please write an abstract with title: Efficient Simulation of Variable-Speed Diesel-Engine Generators Using Constant-Parameter Voltage-Behind-Reactance Formulation, and key words: Mechatronics, Computational modeling, Snubbers, Stators, Generators, Synchronous generators, Mathematical models. Abstract: Diesel-engine generators can operate with variable speed to enhance their efficiency over a wide range of loading conditions. Constant-parameter voltage-behind-reactance (CPVBR) models have been developed for efficient simulation of three-phase wound-field synchronous generators (WFSGs). The CPVBR models use fixed branches for interfacing (without any incompatibility, e.g., the need for snubbers, etc.) and are not required to update their interfacing circuit in every time step of the simulation. This paper presents the application of the CPVBR model of a WFSG for efficient simulation of a variable-frequency/speed diesel-engine generator-rectifier system. Simulation studies are carried out in MATLAB using PLECS toolbox to verify the computational performance of the CPVBR model. It is demonstrated that the CPVBR model achieves superior computational performance (without compromising the accuracy) compared to the built-in models of the toolbox, i.e., qd0, stator VBR, and full VBR models. |
12,243 | Please write an abstract with title: Advanced Driver Assistance System based on Machine Vision, and key words: Training, Vehicle detection, Object detection, Cameras, Inference algorithms, Safety, Calibration. Abstract: In view of the frequent occurrence of traffic problems such as urban traffic congestion and traffic accidents, people pay more and more attention to traffic safety. This paper takes the key technical problems such as front vehicle detection and identification and pre-collision detection in the advanced driving assistance system as the research object, this paper puts forward a computer vision solution based on YOLOv5 algorithm and monocular camera distance calibration, which provides more comprehensive driving environment information for the advanced driving assistance system and improves the active safety of the vehicle. Finally, a case study is given to verify the superiority of the algorithm proposed in this paper. |
12,244 | Please write an abstract with title: Social games and Blockchain: exploring the Metaverse of Decentraland, and key words: Economics, Three-dimensional displays, Social networking (online), Metaverse, Conferences, Buildings, Focusing. Abstract: Online Social Networks gained a crucial role in people's everyday life, acting as the medium through which people can interact with each other. The introduction of blockchain technology prompted a new generation of social media based on the concept of Non-Fungible Token (NFT) and other Web3 technologies, giving birth to the Metaverse. Decentraland is one such platform, where users can explore a 3D virtual world and communicate with each other. The main feature of Decentraland is that the virtual world is divided into parcels, implemented through NFTs, that can be traded among users and where owners can create buildings or mini-games for other users to play with. In this work, we explore the virtual world of Decentraland by presenting the main details of the virtual world and by focusing on the economic impact of NFT trading on the description of the parcels. In detail, the parcel's description can be used to advertise the proximity of the parcel to infrastructures or special projects to attract potential buyers. This paper's findings show the impact and the magnitude of this phenomenon, highlighting entire quarters that adopt this technique throughout the map by overriding the playful aspect of the platform. |
12,245 | Please write an abstract with title: A novel detection system consisting of a large area sensor and a multi-cell Si-pad array operated in spectroscopic mode for x-ray breast imaging, and key words: Sensor arrays, X-ray detection, X-ray detectors, Image sensors, Sensor systems, Spectroscopy, X-ray imaging, Breast, Optical imaging, X-ray scattering. Abstract: The ability of coherent x-ray scatter to provide the molecular structure of breast tissues could add a new dimension in x-ray breast imaging capable of tracking the molecular structural changes during disease progression and of improving the sensitivity to low-contrast lesions without increasing the radiation dose. Work is under way to build a laboratory prototype dual-sensor breast-imaging scanning system, which combines the diagnostic information from both the transmitted primary and the forward scattered x-rays. This required the design and development of a coherent x-ray scatter detection system based on a high-resistivity multi-element 2D Si-pad array, a multi-channel low-noise pulse processing front-end electronics chip, the XA1.3, and a new DAQ system. Results on the characterization and optimization of the detector-readout electronics-DAQ system and its performance to measure diffraction signatures are presented. |
12,246 | Please write an abstract with title: Eavesdropping in Massive MIMO: New Vulnerabilities and Countermeasures, and key words: Signal to noise ratio, Antenna measurements, Eavesdropping, Massive MIMO, Correlation, Wireless communication, Downlink. Abstract: Massive multiple-input and multiple-output (massive MIMO) has the potential to thwart passive eavesdropping as the signals transmitted by large antenna arrays become highly focused. Indeed, the impact of passive eavesdropping has been shown to be negligible when the base station (BS) antenna size approaches infinity for Rayleigh channels. In this paper, we experimentally explore eavesdropping in massive MIMO incorporating real-world factors including a limited BS antenna array size, potential correlation in over-the-air channels, and adaptation of modulating and coding schemes (MCS) over a discrete and finite set. Using a 96-antenna ArgosV2 BS, we first explore scaling the array size and identify eavesdropper (Eve) advantages due to channel correlation. We next identify the “MCS saturation regime” as a vulnerability even with high SNR due to limited MCS levels, and thereby demonstrating the need for power control as a counter-strategy, especially considering Eve’s advantages in the over-the-air channels. We further demonstrate Eve’s gain in optimizing her position, not only via being nomadic and searching for the most favorable position, but also via exploiting predictable line-of-sight (LoS) positional vulnerabilities. Specifically, we demonstrate Eve’s advantage by simply sharing the elevation angle with Bob in the LoS scenario. Finally, we examine how Eve’s advantage due to channel correlation scales with more eavesdropping antennas. |
12,247 | Please write an abstract with title: Automatic Music Mashup Creation Method by Similarity of Features, and key words: Visualization, Information science, Publishing, Mashups, Instruments, Music, Feature extraction. Abstract: In this study, we propose an automatic mashup creation method based on the similarity of musical features. The mashup is one of the techniques of uninterrupted composition of music with similar sound quality and characteristics. When mashups can be created algorithmically and automatically, there are more opportunities to listen to music corresponding to one’s sensibilities using streaming services with large amounts of musical content. Our method automatically creates mashup works by decomposing existing music into components defined by their respective instruments. These components are subsequently recombin ed with each other depending on the evaluation of their similarity. In this study, we also implement an automated mashup creation system using our proposed method and validate it using a questionnaire. Our method can change the way people listen to music, and enable them to easily consume the large amount of music available, especially through the Internet. |
12,248 | Please write an abstract with title: Compound-oriented Measurement Processes: Elements, Molecules, Structures, and key words: Atomic measurements, Spectroscopy, Sensitivity, Metals, Quality control, Throughput, Robot sensing systems. Abstract: Measurement technology involves a broad variety of measurands. In general, physical measurands are addressed in measurement theory. Compound-oriented measurements are becoming more and more important and involve the identification and quantification of chemical elements (atoms and isotopes), ions and functional groups, as well as small and large molecules and their structure. The high number of analytes (elements, molecules) results in enormous demands on the selectivity of the measurement systems. In this publication, a general concept to reach the required selectivity of compound-oriented measurement systems is presented. The concept of the pre-, intra-, and post-sensory selectivity can be deployed in a wide spectrum of applications such as environmental monitoring, medical and pharmaceutical studies, as well as in the industrial area for quality control. The theoretical concept was practically applied in real measurement systems, e.g., for the determination of heavy metals (elemental measurements), the determination of molecules in medical samples (compound measurements), and the determination of the composition of chiral compounds (structure identification). |
12,249 | Please write an abstract with title: Together Recognizing, Localizing and Summarizing Actions in Egocentric Videos, and key words: Videos, Location awareness, Cameras, Feature extraction, Streaming media, Sports, Trajectory. Abstract: Analysis of egocentric video has recently drawn attention of researchers in the computer vision as well as multimedia communities. In this paper, we propose a weakly supervised superpixel level joint framework for localization, recognition and summarization of actions in an egocentric video. We first recognize and localize single as well as multiple action(s) in each frame of an egocentric video and then construct a summary of these detected actions. The superpixel level solution helps in precise localization of actions in addition to improving the recognition accuracy. Superpixels are extracted within the central regions of the egocentric video frames; these central regions being determined through a previously developed center-surround model. A sparse spatio-temporal video representation graph is constructed in the deep feature space with the superpixels as nodes. A weakly supervised solution using random walks yields action labels for each superpixel. After determining action label(s) for each frame from its constituent superpixels, we apply a fractional knapsack type formulation for obtaining a summary (of actions). Experimental comparisons on publicly available ADL, GTEA, EGTEA Gaze+, EgoGesture, and EPIC-Kitchens datasets show the effectiveness of the proposed solution. |
12,250 | Please write an abstract with title: OFDM-based 25Gbps Wireless Backhaul System for 5G Convergence Service, and key words: Wireless communication, OFDM, Modulation, Mobile communication, Communication system security, Modems, Bandwidth. Abstract: In order to provide backhaul link wirelessly for emerging convergence services, we develop an OFDM-based backhaul system operating in the E-band channel. Firstly, we make our own backhaul specification considering the E band channel in which the proposed backhaul system operates, where LDPC, 1024-QAM and 2-stream transmission using dual polarizations are adopted. Based on the specification, we simulate the PER performance on AWGN and modified 3GPP channel environment respectively and implement the backhaul system on FPGA (Xilinx Virtex UltraScale xcvu440). To compensate the RF impairments, several baseband signal processing techniques such as phase tracking, IQ balancing and XPIC are used. The backhaul system we develop can support up to 25Gbps throughput in a 2GHz channel bandwidth. |
12,251 | Please write an abstract with title: Direct Synthesis of Multiband Bandpass Filters With Generalized Frequency Transformation Methods, and key words: Resonant frequency, Cutoff frequency, Resonators, Frequency synthesizers, Couplings, Prototypes, Microstrip. Abstract: This article presents a new generalized direct synthesis method to design multiband bandpass filters (MBPFs). Based on the proposed frequency transformation technique, it can be used to synthesize an arbitrary number of bandpass filters starting from a low-pass prototype filter. This synthesis allows determining analytically all the resonant angular frequencies and slope parameters of all the bandpass filters from the low and high cut-off angular frequencies used as initial specifications whatever the number of bands. To validate our method, triple-, quad-, and quint-band third-order Chebyshev bandpass filters are designed and implemented in microstrip technologies. Very good agreements were achieved between simulation responses and measurements. |
12,252 | Please write an abstract with title: Large-Eddy Simulation of Rotor Tip-Clearance Flows: Computational Challenges and Accomplishments, and key words: Computational modeling, Fluctuations, Shape control, Turbomachinery, Control systems, Vibration control, Propellers, Performance analysis, Statistical analysis, Pressure control. Abstract: The tip-leakage flow dynamics in axial turbomachines has been studied using large-eddy simulation (LES) with particular emphasis on understanding the underlying mechanisms for viscous losses, low-pressure fluctuations, and tip-leakage vortex oscillations. Such an understanding is essential to predicting and eventually controlling cavitation, noise, and vibration in liquid handling systems such as pumps and ducted propellers, and improving their performance. An overview of the computational challenges and major accomplishments of this Challenge Project is presented. These include: (i) improvements of parallel performance, optimization, and portability of the LES code, (ii) LES of the tip-leakage flow in a linear cascade, (iii) detailed analysis of flow statistics, vortex dynamics, and pressure fluctuations, (iv) exploration of tip-leakage flow control strategies by modifying the tip-gap size and end-wall shape, and (v) extension of the flow solver for multiphase simulations of cavitating flow in a rotating twisted blade. |
12,253 | Please write an abstract with title: Study on the structural damage identification method with combined parameters based on RBF neural network, and key words: Neural networks, Shape, Frequency, Testing, Vehicle dynamics, Pattern recognition, Fault tolerance, Degradation, Feedforward systems, Feedforward neural networks. Abstract: Localized damage in a structure affects its dynamic properties. The change is characterized by changes in the eigenparameters such as natural frequencies, the mode shapes associated with each natural frequency etc. and much work has been undertaken by investigating the single parameter which is assigned as input parameter to neural network to determine the damage location and the damage size. In this paper, a structural damage identification method with combined parameters based on RBF neural network is presented. To overcome the disadvantages of single input parameter, combined parameters, which are obtained by combining natural frequencies, mode shape data and changes in curvature mode shape, are assigned as input parameters to neural network. The simulation results to a lumped-mass system of six degrees show that the method is effective and applicable. |
12,254 | Please write an abstract with title: Weighted cone-curvature: applications for 3D shapes similarity, and key words: Shape measurement, Computer vision, Histograms, Robustness, Geometry, Principal component analysis, Testing, Object recognition, Solid modeling, Gaussian distribution. Abstract: A 3D shape characterization that allows establishing robust similarity measurements is presented. This characterization is based on a new extended curvature feature called cone-curvature (CC), built on top of the recent modeling wave (MW) topological organization for 3D objects modeling meshes. Through the CC feature, flexible and extended surroundings geometry knowledge for every point of the solid surface is given. In order to reduce the dimensionality of this representation and after carrying out a study of the principal components the weighted cone-curvature (WCC) concept is defined. This reduction notoriously simplifies the volume of data handled in the model without loss of information. As an application, a similarity measurement based on the WCC feature has been defined and implemented to compare and recognize 3D objects using their models. Both the principal components analysis and the similarity applications have been experimentally tested in our lab and the main results are shown. |
12,255 | Please write an abstract with title: Modeling of wave behavior of substrate noise coupling for mixed-signal IC design, and key words: Integrated circuit modeling, Integrated circuit noise, Dielectric substrates, Magnetic noise, Magnetic analysis, Circuit simulation, Partial differential equations, Silicon, Maxwell equations, Analytical models. Abstract: A new full-wave method is introduced for substrate noise analysis and simulation. The method is based on solution of the wave equation for the magnetic potential and can be implemented using standard circuit simulators. We compare the new method with the standard quasi-static method for typical substrate profiles and investigate the limits of validity of the quasi-static method. |
12,256 | Please write an abstract with title: Integrating Database Technology with Comparison-based Parallel Performance Diagnosis: The PerfTrack Performance Experiment Management Tool, and key words: Databases, Technology management, Performance analysis, Government, Laboratories, Large scale integration, Prototypes, Computer science, Computer interfaces, Concurrent computing. Abstract: PerfTrack is a data store and interface for managing performance data from large-scale parallel applications. Data collected in different locations and formats can be compared and viewed in a single performance analysis session. The underlying data store used in PerfTrack is implemented with a database management system (DBMS). PerfTrack includes interfaces to the data store and scripts for automatically collecting data describing each experiment, such as build and platform details. We have implemented a prototype of PerfTrack that can use Oracle or PostgreSQL for the data store. We demonstrate the prototype's functionality with three case studies: one is a comparative study of an ASC purple benchmark on high-end Linux and AIX platforms; the second is a parameter study conducted at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) on two high end platforms, a 128 node cluster of IBM Power 4 processors and BlueGene/L; the third demonstrates incorporating performance data from the Paradyn Parallel Performance Tool into an existing PerfTrack data store. |
12,257 | Please write an abstract with title: Monolithic photonics-microfluidics integration for micrototal analysis systems, and key words: Optical waveguides, Microfluidics, Photonic integrated circuits, Biomedical optical imaging, DNA, Biochemical analysis, Optical refraction, Optical variables control, Optical computing, Monolithic integrated circuits. Abstract: We demonstrate the monolithic integration of waveguides and microfluidic channels using same material, PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane). We also developed two different schemes of integration. Both of them show precise alignment and robust structure. These techniques hold great promise of expanding functionality of micrototal analysis systems with photonic integrated circuits. |
12,258 | Please write an abstract with title: Intelligent Capture and Analysis of Data Stream Images of Rural E-Commerce Live Broadcast Platform based on Deep Stochastic Neural Network, and key words: Statistical analysis, Neural networks, Pipelines, Stochastic processes, Resists, Streaming media, Real-time systems. Abstract: Intelligent capture and analysis of data stream images of rural e-commerce live broadcast platform based on deep stochastic neural network is the focus of this study. In the designed data stream image analytic model, statistical analysis of the encryption algorithm is carried out. By analyzing the histogram of the encrypted image, the correlation of adjacent pixels, and the information entropy, the confusion and diffusion performance of the algorithm and the ability to resist statistical attacks are tested. The key point of FPGA for image processing is that it can perform real-time pipeline operations to achieve the highest real-time performance. Hecne, the hardware optimization combining the deep stochastic neural network is discussed. The application scenario is selected to be rural e-commerce live broadcast platform. Therough the experimental analysis, the performance is validated. |
12,259 | Please write an abstract with title: The Impact of Comfortable Viewing Positions on Smart TV Gestures, and key words: Interactive TV, Gesture elicitation study, Gesture user interface, Natural interaction. Abstract: Whereas gesture elicitation studies for TV interaction assume that participants adopt an upright, frontal viewingposition, we asked 21 participants to hold a natural, comfortableviewing position, the posture they adopt when watching TVat home. By involving a broad selection of users regardingage, profession, our study targets a higher ecological validitythan existing studies. Agreements rates were lower than existingstudies using an upright, frontal viewing position. Participantsexperienced problems due to (1) having to use their slave handinstead of their dominant hand, (2) being in a certain orientationwith their head making it more difficult to perform some physicalmovements, and (3) being hindered in their movement by thesofa there lay on. Since each person may have a differentposition inducing different gestures due to the aforementionedproblems, the effect of comfortable viewing position is analyzedby comparison to gestures for a frontal position. |
12,260 | Please write an abstract with title: Accurate Push Method of Intelligent agricultural Information, and key words: Mechatronics, Decision making, Crops, Data collection, Data models, Decision trees, Monitoring. Abstract: In order to realize the accurate push of spatio-temporal and crop information, this paper studies the accurate push method of intelligent agricultural service information. According to the weather information, data collection and decision-making model in a specific time in a specified area, this method can intelligently recommend decision-making information to users to determine whether crops are fertilized and the amount of fertilizer. The results verify the effectiveness of the method. |
12,261 | Please write an abstract with title: TCX: A Programmable Tensor Processor, and key words: Out of order, Tensors, Reduced instruction set computing, Microarchitecture, Neural networks, Software algorithms, Bandwidth. Abstract: Neural network processors and accelerators are domain-specific architectures deployed to solve the high computational requirements of deep learning algorithms. This paper proposes a new instruction set extension for tensor computing, TCX, with RISC-style instructions and variable length tensor extensions. It features a multidimensional register file, dimension registers, and fully generic tensor instructions. It can be seamlessly integrated into existing RISC ISAs and provides software compatibility for scalable hardware implementations. We present an implementation of the TCX tensor computing accelerator using an out-of-order microarchitecture implementation. The tensor accelerator is scalable in computation units from several hundred to tens of thousands. An optimized register renaming mechanism is described which allows for many physical tensor registers without requiring architectural support for large tensor register names. We describe new tensor load and store instructions that reduce bandwidth requirements based on tensor dimensions. Implementations may balance data bandwidth and computation utilization for different types of tensor computations such as element-wise, depth-wise, and matrix-multiplication. We characterize the computation precision of tensor operations to balance area, generality, and accuracy loss for several well-known neural networks. The TCX processor runs at 1 GHz and sustains 8.2 Tera operations per second using a 4096 multiplication-accumulation compute unit with up to 98.83% MAC utilization. It consumes 12.8 square millimeters while dissipating 0.46 Watts per TOP in TSMC 28nm technology. |
12,262 | Please write an abstract with title: Detection of Sleeping Cells in Self-Organizing Cellular Networks: An Adversarial Auto-Encoder Method, and key words: Support vector machines, Degradation, Data models, Attenuation, Task analysis, Supervised learning, Sensitivity. Abstract: Automatic fault management is one of important components in self-organizing networks to mitigate and recover from failures of problematic cells. As a special case of cell outage, sleeping cell, which provides degraded service for subscribers without triggering alarms, brings challenges to fault detection. Machine learning provides effective tools for such a detection task. However, traditional algorithms likely constitute biased classifiers when there are imbalance input measurements. Also, misclassification is unavoidable and existing schemes are insensitive to the different costs generated by different misclassifications. To address these issues, we propose a novel method to learn from multi-class imbalance measurements, through combining a modified adversarial autoencoder (AAE) and cost sensitive support vector machine (SVM). Specifically, the proposed method uses AAE to generate more data for minority classes and the loss function of AAE is modified to promote the stability of model training. Then, the cost sensitive SVM is utilized to classify synthetic balanced samples, assigning different costs for varying classification results. Experiment results, evaluated by effective metrics, reveal that the proposed algorithm can improve the detection performance of imbalance sleeping cell data and show superior results compared with state-of-the-art schemes. |
12,263 | Please write an abstract with title: An Ensemble Learning based Hierarchical Multi-label Classification Approach to Identify Impacts of Engineering Changes, and key words: Industries, Stacking, Natural languages, Tools, Industrial engineering, Data models, Product development. Abstract: In the process of complex products development, design decisions of products are constantly changed to improve quality or functionality, reduce costs, respond to statutory constraints or implement wishes from customers, with respect to new functionality. The changes on already released design decisions are known as Engineering Changes (EC). Due to interdependency, changes on one component may cause changes on another, and this will spread along the product structure. Therefore, to completely identify the affected components of engineering changes is a major challenge. This paper presents a novel approach to use properties of components as target variables and applying the predicted properties to locate the EC affected components in product structure. We create a hierarchy of the properties and divide the label space into separate communities. A stacked multi-label classifier is trained in each community, the result is obtained by union of assigned labels from different communities. Finally, the predicted labels are adjusted by incorporating the hierarchical relation. Experiments conducted on real-world industrial EC dataset with mixed data types. Results demonstrated that, the ensemble framework in our approach is more efficient and effective than our baseline models and has achieved superior performance on real industrial engineering change data. |
12,264 | Please write an abstract with title: Problems of Using Compromise Indicators for Proactive Threat Detection in Robotic Systems, and key words: Tools, Conference management, Search problems, Large-scale systems, Classification algorithms, Security, Internet of Things. Abstract: The article considers the current problems of applying proactive algorithms for detecting threats in robotics complexes and structures the ways of solving them. A classification of indicators of compromise for the proactive search of previously unknown threats in robotic systems is proposed. |
12,265 | Please write an abstract with title: Optimization design of Pre-twisted Suspension Clamp with Large Tonnage and Large Suspension Angle, and key words: Solid modeling, Social computing, Analytical models, Design methodology, Software, Finite element analysis, Rivers. Abstract: In order to improve the performance of pre-twisted suspension clamp with large tonnage and large suspension angle, an optimal design method of large tonnage and large suspension angle pre-twisted suspension clamp is proposed. Firstly, three-dimensional software is used to build the model, and then, finite element software is used to simulate stress analysis and structure optimization. Finally, taking the 500kv Yangtze River crossing project from Fengcheng to Meili as an example, the opgw-350 large tonnage pre-twisted double suspension clamp with large suspension angle is developed. The experimental results show that the pre-twisted suspension clamp with large tonnage and large suspension angle can meet the engineering requirements. |
12,266 | Please write an abstract with title: On the effective action and the Cramér-Rao bound for multi-target tracking parameters, and key words: Statistical analysis, Quantum mechanics, Estimation. Abstract: The inverse of the Fisher information, known as the Cramér-Rae bound, provides a bound on the estimator of a parameter and is fundamental for statistical analysis. It provides a minimum achievable variance or covariance for a parameter for a univariate or vector-valued parameter. However, multi-target systems often have parameters that are described by functions and the variance and covariance for point processes are themselves functions with spatial variates. Consequently, the usual formulation of the Cramér-Rae bound in these contexts is not applicable for providing a bound for the covariance of a point process. In this article we consider commonly used multi-target tracking models and determine Cramér-Rae lower bounds on the variance for different parameters, including the detection probabilities, the false alarm intensity, and the intensity of the process. This provides the first application of the Cramér-Ran bound for point processes for the analysis of practical algorithms. |
12,267 | Please write an abstract with title: Chinese Text Sentiment Classification Model Based on FastText and Multi-scale Deep Pyramid Convolutional Neural Network, and key words: Sentiment analysis, Analytical models, Computational modeling, Simulation, Feature extraction, Classification algorithms, Convolutional neural networks. Abstract: In order to improve the efficiency of Chinese text sentiment classification, a text sentiment classification model based on FastText and multi-scale DPCNN are proposed. First, a text vector matrix is constructed using the FastText model. Then, multiple feature maps are extracted from the text vector matrix with a multi-scale filter. Finally, multiple feature maps are fused and input into the DPCNN model for sentiment classification. Experiments are carried out on the Chinese sentiment mining corpus (ChnSentiCorp) dataset, and the comparison results of multiple groups of experiments show that the proposed model can effectively improve the accuracy of text sentiment classification compared with other algorithms. |
12,268 | Please write an abstract with title: White Grub Monitoring using Robotic Arm, and key words: Technological innovation, Renewable energy sources, Green products, Crops, Production, Manipulators, Air pollution. Abstract: In India, an enormous size of the harvest is getting dirt with the dwelling irritations. White grubs have significant harm on them. White grubs are the hatchlings of scarab creepy-crawly that feed on the rootlets of the plant. It is one of the significant national irritations on plants in India. Few Technologies are being implemented for a couple of years to control White Grubs. They are either moderate techniques or exorbitant. An alternate system is created to deal with the issues looked at before advancements. The utilization of Smart GreenHouse innovation has helped in identifying these grubs' area hatchlings effectively. The proposed strategy is predominantly developed to locate the second instar and third instar of caterpillars as they are the most harmful stages in the grub life cycle. MQ-135 is utilized in the equipment in order to identify the Carbon dioxide (CO2) blasts that rose up out of the grubs. The yield of the gear is mimicked with a program utilizing ARDUINO IDE to peruse the careful change in the parameters of the framework, and a robot arm has been utilized to deal with the activities. |
12,269 | Please write an abstract with title: Sliding Mode Current Control Based on Space-Vector Operation Technique for Active Power Filter, and key words: Power filters, Analytical models, Shunts (electrical), Heuristic algorithms, Simulation, Active filters, Real-time systems. Abstract: A simple vector strategy for controlling the compensation current of a three-phase shunt active power filter (SAPF), which is based on the forced introduction of a first-order sliding mode is proposed. SAPF consists of a semiconductor voltage inverter with fully controlled switches, a capacitive storage and a single-link RL filter. Decomposition of the object of study according to the moving rates of the dynamic system allows to distinguish a fast subsystem that implements the vector method of controlling the compensation current, and a slow subsystem, the function of which is to stabilize the constant voltage of the drive capacitor. The DC voltage stabilization of the capacitive storage is performed using a finite twisting algorithm, which belongs to the class of the second order sliding modes. The first-order two-dimensional sliding mode to generate the compensation current is used. The proposed algorithm is a vector-type algorithm and uses the methods of projective geometry to unambiguously determine the mutual location of spatial vectors of voltages and errors of power supply currents. The algorithm is quite simple to implement, because it lacks difficult mathematical operations for calculating inverse trigonometric functions. The selection of the required output voltage vector of the SAPF inverter is determined by determining the location of the spatial vector of equivalent control in a stationary coordinate system α-β, the components of which are calculated in real time. The current tracking error sign using a quasi-stationary two-dimensional sliding surface and a circle-tolerant figure is estimated. The sliding surface is a linear combination of components of the two-dimensional current error vector of the RL filter. A simulation model was built and the simulation results are analyzed. |
12,270 | Please write an abstract with title: A Novel ZVS Interleaved Series-Capacitor Tapped Buck Converter with Low Start-Up Voltage Stress for High Step-Down DC-DC Application, and key words: Buck converters, Capacitors, Bridge circuits, Voltage, Switches, High-voltage techniques, Zero voltage switching. Abstract: SC-Buck Converters are widely utilized in high voltage conversion ratio DC-DC applications such as modern communications and industrial equipment. However, the efficiency and the power density of the traditional SC-Buck converter are not high enough to meet application requirements. In addition, the switching tube voltage stress is too high when starting so high voltage resistant switching tube needs to be used, which means that the cost of the circuit is increased. In order to figure out the problem, a novel soft-switched interleaved series-capacitor tapped buck converter is proposed in this article. On the high-voltage side, two switching tubes on the same bridge are connected in parallel with a capacitor. On the low-voltage side, based on the series-capacitance tapping inductor, ZVS for all switching tube is realized by using LC resonator. In this article, the operating strategies of the proposed converter is analyzed, the formula of voltage conversion ratio is derived, and the condition of realizing soft switching is instructed. Finally, a simulation model with input of 24V and output of 1.8V is used to verify the property of this topology. |
12,271 | Please write an abstract with title: Low Phase Noise Wine-Glass Oscillator Realized Using Enhanced Support Transducer Design, and key words: Couplers, Optical resonators, Transducers, Phase noise, Micromechanical devices, GSM, Attenuators. Abstract: An array of short mechanical couplers scheme to realize a support transducer enabled Wine-glass resonator/oscillator exhibiting a quality factor ( Q) of 17,000 and an oscillator Phase Noise (PN) meeting the GSM spec. at 1 kHz and 1 MHz offsets has been demonstrated in this work. A 20.3-MHz Wine-glass resonator fabricated using the MEMSCAP platform is used to implement the oscillator. The meticulous structural and material engineering aspect of the resonator improves the quality factor of the design from 9,500 to 17,000, making the resonator an ideal candidate for high-end oscillator applications. An attenuator and phase control methodology along with commercially available amplifiers has been used to realize a low phase noise oscillator with a PN of -134.1 dBc/Hz and -152.3 dBc/Hz at 1 kHz and 1 MHz offsets respectively while divided down to GSM's 13 MHz. |
12,272 | Please write an abstract with title: Evaluation of a combined grip of pinch and power grips in manipulating a master manipulator, and key words: Conferences, Automation. Abstract: In conventional robotic surgery, the manipulating methods exhibit limitations that are strongly related to the advantages and disadvantages of a pinch grip and power grip. The context of this study is focused on the introduction of a combined grip to compensate for such restraints. In particular, this study proposed the combined-grip-handle scheme on a master manipulator. In this framework, the position of fingertips was designed to be adjustable in distance and direction to allow for a pinch grip motion around the holding axis of a power grip motion. A ring-bar experiment applying the master-slave scheme was conducted with the master manipulator under several manipulating conditions of the combined grip and the conventional gripping types. Results for using the combined grip demonstrated that the combined grip showed better performance on the positioning operation, compared with the conventional gripping types. |
12,273 | Please write an abstract with title: Sampling-Time Harmonic Calculation of Cascaded H-Bridge Converter Based on Phase-Shifted Carrier Pulsewidth Modulation, and key words: Analytical models, Power quality, Asia, Transforms, Power system harmonics, Pulse width modulation, Harmonic analysis. Abstract: Harmonics have always been a problem to be solved in converter applications. Studying the source of harmonics and accurately predicting their content has also become one of the research directions. In this paper, the effect of sampling on the output harmonics in the actual system is fully considered. The cascaded H-bridge model based on phase-shifted carrier pulsewidth modulation (PSC-PWM) is modified by theoretical analysis and the accurate harmonic expression is obtained by applying the double-Fourier transform. The amplitude and phase of each harmonic can be accurately calculated and its presence can be better explained, which has great significance for eliminating specific harmonics and improving power quality. The correctness of the calculation is proved by simulation and experimental results. |
12,274 | Please write an abstract with title: Hierarchical Control of Redundant Aerial Manipulators with Enhanced Field of View, and key words: Cameras, End effectors, Task analysis, Aircraft, Aerospace control. Abstract: Providing the operator with a good view of the remote site is of paramount importance in aerial telemanipulation. In light of that, this paper proposes the application of a hierarchical control framework in order to tackle the problem of adjusting the field of view of an on-board camera as a secondary task. The proposed approach ensures that the flying base, and consequently the camera, can be steered in order to provide a distant operator with a desired field of view without disturbing the end-effector pose. The approach is focused on aerial manipulators with torque-controlled arms, like the DLR Suspended Aerial Manipulator (SAM), while allowing the base to be directly torque-controlled or, alternatively, through an inner-loop velocity controller. Quantitative, qualitative, and real-scenario experimental validation is carried out using the SAM and confirms the need for such an approach and its efficacy in achieving decoupled field-of-view control. |
12,275 | Please write an abstract with title: The need for dynamic control in high data-rate communication systems, and key words: Communication system control, Control systems, Optical polarization, Nonlinear dynamical systems, Optical variables control, Optical fiber communication, System performance, Polarization mode dispersion, Optical noise, Optical control. Abstract: High data rate optical communication systems will require dynamic control to maintain low error rates for operational systems. The transmission impairments that lead to variable system performance are polarization effects, dispersion, noise, and optical nonlinearity. The polarization effects include polarization dependent loss (PDL), polarization mode dispersion (PMD), and polarization dependent gain (PDG). In many cases these impairments combine to lead to overall system performance degradation. Of particular interest are optical communication networks that will be connected via optical switches. Here one anticipates that high capacity networks of various designs may be optically connected. |
12,276 | Please write an abstract with title: Inter-firm collaboration mechanism in process development and product design between foundry and fabless design house, and key words: Collaboration, Product design, Foundries, Manufacturing processes, Problem-solving, Electronics industry, Semiconductor device manufacture, Logistics, Information management, Virtual manufacturing. Abstract: As IC design and manufacturing complexities continue to increase exponentially, new collaboration mechanisms are required between IC design house and foundry. By conducting field interviews and empirical study, this research summarizes different engineering collaboration mechanisms under different stages of process technology. There are several findings: 1) The collaboration is mostly required when the design house develops advanced products and the foundry needs driving product house develop advanced processes; 2) The major effort of collaboration in advanced and developing processes is to find the critical failure modes in order to dramatically improve the yield of new process technology; 3) It is critical to have right experts from both parties; and 4) The migration from low yield toward high yield requires improvement through both product design tuning and process tuning. Partnership and close interactions are required for quick problem solving. |
12,277 | Please write an abstract with title: Architecture and performance of SIGMA: a seamless mobility architecture for data networks, and key words: Delay, Computer architecture, Transport protocols, IP networks, TCPIP, Mobile computing, Computer science, Performance loss, Throughput, Communication standards. Abstract: The Internet Engineering Task Force has developed Mobile IP to handle the mobility of Internet hosts at the network layer. Mobile IP, however, suffers from a number of drawbacks such as high handover latency, packet loss, and conflict with network security solutions. We describe and evaluate the performance of SIGMA (seamless IP diversity based generalized mobility architecture). SIGMA utilizes IP diversity to achieve the seamless handover of a mobile host, and is designed to solve many of the drawbacks of Mobile IP. Various aspects of the performance of SIGMA and Mobile IPv6 enhancements have been compared. Criteria for performance evaluation include handover latency, packet loss, throughput, and network friendliness. |
12,278 | Please write an abstract with title: PGA News - Newly elected national officers, 1959-1960, and key words: Electronics packaging, Acoustical engineering, Pulse amplifiers, Laboratories, Radar, Pulsed power supplies, TV broadcasting, Physics, Manufacturing. Abstract: Provides several short items that may include news, reviews or technical notes that should be of interest to practitioners and researchers. |
12,279 | Please write an abstract with title: Comments on "Integral variable structure control of nonlinear system using a CMAC neural network learning Approach", and key words: Nonlinear control systems, Control systems, Nonlinear systems, Neural networks, Programmable control, Adaptive control, Convergence, Error correction, Nonlinear equations. Abstract: In the above paper, an adaptive integral variable structure control scheme using CMAC neural networks was proposed for a class of uncertain nonlinear systems. The author of the above paper claimed that the proposed controller ensures convergence of the tracking error to zero (see property 2 of Theorem 1). In this note, we point out that the proof of the property 2 is incorrect and therefore this property is untenable. |
12,280 | Please write an abstract with title: High-speed electroabsorption modulators with traveling-wave electrodes, and key words: Electrodes, Optical modulation, Bandwidth, Optical signal processing, Optical amplifiers, Photodiodes, Power lasers, Microwave devices, Fiber nonlinear optics, High speed optical techniques. Abstract: Two high-speed optical integrated devices utilizing a travelling wave electroabsorption modulator (TW-EA) were presented. The first-ever TW-EA modulator monolithically integrated with a DFB laser (TW-EADFB) has been developed. A UTC-PD and a TW-EA modulator have also been monolithically integrated to configure an optical gate device. A fabricated device was found to offer a minimum gate opening time of 2.3 ps. By optimizing the design and fabrication process, these TW-EA modulators are expected to operate at bit rates higher than 100 Gbit/s. |
12,281 | Please write an abstract with title: Assessment of generalized state estimators including ampere measurements, and key words: State estimation, Substations, Current measurement, Circuit breakers, Topology, Impedance, Transformers, Tree graphs, Filtering, Power system modeling. Abstract: Conventional state estimators (SE) cannot take advantage of all available measurements, like currents flowing through circuit breakers and individual external injections. Current measurements are frequent at the lower levels and their loss implies a reduction of the global redundancy and hence a deterioration of the SE filtering capability. In this paper, a methodology is presented allowing all current measurements to be included in the model. A generalized state estimator (GSE) is used and the substations are represented in an efficient way by means of an implicit model. To illustrate the performance of the proposed formulation, several simulations are presented. Results are validated by checking the accuracy of the estimated states and by showing the improved ability to detect and identify bad data and topology errors. |
12,282 | Please write an abstract with title: Current-sensing completion detection method for standard cell based digital system design, and key words: Digital systems, Pipelines, Logic design, CMOS logic circuits, Clocks, Logic testing, Registers, Delay, CMOS technology, Timing. Abstract: This paper shows how the current-sensing completion detection (CSCD) method can be applied for standard cell based digital system design. With the proposed method, conventional synchronous CMOS logic circuit blocks can easily be modified for self-timed asynchronous operation. To illustrate the usage of the method a self-timed CSCD multiplier-accumulator (MAC) was constructed. Simulation results and VHDL synthesized layouts of the CSCD MAC show that the CSCD method and the various proposed design practices can be used for the construction of self-timed asynchronous logic systems. |
12,283 | Please write an abstract with title: Quasi-Synchronization of Multi-Layer Neural Networks With Additive Couplings and Event-Triggered Impulsive Control, and key words: Couplings, Sufficient conditions, Upper bound, Costs, Ordinary differential equations, Numerical simulation, Behavioral sciences. Abstract: The target of this article is studying quasi-synchronization of the heterogeneous multi-layer neural networks with event-triggered impulsive control. Combined the methods of event-triggered control and impulsive control, a controller is designed which can reduce costs and improve efficiency. The Zeno behavior of the control strategy is ruled out, and the problem of quasi-synchronization under the event-triggered impulsive control is considered. The sufficient criteria of quasi-synchronization is derived for the heterogeneous neural networks and the upper bound of synchronization errors is calculated. A corollary, in consideration of homogeneous systems and weighted undirected graphs, is provided. Finally, under the design of the controller, the numerical simulations are given to present the effectiveness and advantages of the theoretical results. |
12,284 | Please write an abstract with title: A comparison of selective initialization bias elimination methods, and key words: Modeling, Steady-state, Hospitals, Analytical models, Supply chains, Testing, Discrete event simulation, Manufacturing industries, Manufacturing systems, Data engineering. Abstract: When simulating a non-terminating system, the issue of initialization bias must be addressed. Many approaches have been developed to remove initialization bias from the output data. This paper provides a comparison of 5 selected methods applied to two slightly different 2-machine flow shop models. The experiment tests for statistical differences between mean and variance of the data used by each method to calculate steady state performance measures. Additionally, for each method, the practicality and ease-of-use for general applicability in larger modeled environments is discussed. |
12,285 | Please write an abstract with title: Covid-19 Diagnosis via Voice Using Online Sequential Extreme Learning Machine, and key words: COVID-19, Support vector machines, Training, Pandemics, Extreme learning machines, Databases, Complex networks. Abstract: With the worldwide spreading of Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) pandemic, besides the traditional diagnosing approach, Artificial Intelligence provides additional support for the pre-diagnosis of Covid-19 by using data such as patients' images, and sounds, etc. Being able to recognize Covid-19 positive patients quickly and correctly is the key to preventing the expansion of the disease. However, the existing Covid-19 diagnosis models still face challenges due to the complex network structure and additional medical examination. It takes much time to return a diagnosis result. In this paper, a diagnostic model is proposed as an early work for Covid-19 diagnosis using sound samples. The features of sound signals are expressed by Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients, which are input into the Online Sequential Extreme Learning Machine for normal/abnormal detection. Data from an open-source database were used to train the proposed model, the experiments show that using vowel pronunciations the model can achieve an accuracy of 96.4% on average, with about 10 times faster for testing than the Support Vector Machine. |
12,286 | Please write an abstract with title: A fast algorithm for ICP-based 3D shape biometrics, and key words: Shape, Biometrics, Iterative closest point algorithm, Probes, Ear, Nearest neighbor searches, Image databases, Image recognition, Algorithm design and analysis, Computer science. Abstract: This paper addresses the problem of creating a faster version of the general ICP approach by exploiting the biometrics application context. In a recognition scenario, gallery images are enrolled into the database ahead of time, which gives us the opportunity to build related information before the probe comes into the system. In this paper, we present a novel approach, called "pre-computed voxel closest neighbors," to reduce the computational time for shape matching. The approach shifts the heavy computation burden to the enrollment stage, which can be done offline. Experiments in 3D ear biometrics with 302 subjects demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach. |
12,287 | Please write an abstract with title: A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Characterisation of Discontinuities in Unilateral Finlines, and key words: Finline, Transmission line matrix methods, Propagation losses, Reflection, Equivalent circuits, Metallization, Scattering parameters, Waves, Strips, Dielectric losses. Abstract: An optimization procedure for characterizing finline discontinuities has been developed using the generalized scattering matrix formulation for steps in finline technique. The general waveguide representation of a two-taper finline section with a step is investigated first. The scattering matrix representation of the step is deduced from a combined measurement-numerical optimization procedure. Experimental results will verify the feasibility of the method. |
12,288 | Please write an abstract with title: Arrayed Microphone Measurement in Low Speed Wind Tunnel, and key words: Microphone arrays, Velocity measurement, Wind speed, Acoustic noise, Aerodynamics, Phased arrays, Acoustic testing, Noise measurement, Availability, Acoustic measurements. Abstract: Phased array microphone system has been developed in JAXA's 2m x 2m low-speed wind tunnel. The wind tunnel is a conventional facility for aerodynamic testing with closed test section, not designed for aeroacoustic measurement which doesn't have anechoic room and low noise treatment. Therefore, one of the purpose of this testing is the availability of aeroacoustic wind tunnel in a noisy-closed wind tunnel to realize simultaneous measurement of aerodynamic and aeroacoustic data in future. Basic performances of the microphone system in the tunnel were checked using the known acoustic sound from speaker and aerodynamic noise by a small delta-shaped blade, and it was confirmed that the sound source could be observed and the location was identified. NACA0012 wing model was tested and the trailing edge noises from the wing model were observed clearly with the microphone array system and the noise depended on angle of attack and wind speed, which showed correlation with oil flow and hot film results. |
12,289 | Please write an abstract with title: Comments on "Conditions for a feedback transfer matrix to be proper", and key words: Feedback, Transfer functions, Linear systems, Stability criteria, Control engineering, Communication system control, Australia. Abstract: When constant output feedback is applied around a linear system with a rational transfer function matrix which may be improper, the closed-loop transfer function matrix is generically proper. |
12,290 | Please write an abstract with title: Predictive Modelling Methodologies for Bi-material Strip Warpage, and key words: Strips, Curing, Semiconductor device modeling, Temperature, Temperature measurement, Computational modeling, Mathematical model. Abstract: Predicting strip warpage after molding process is a challenge for IC packaging industry because simulation tools need to consider multiple processes and complex material properties. This paper conducted a strip warpage experiment and simulation. To simplify this problem, the models are two bi-material strips (epoxy and copper). Two strip processes included transfer and curing. One of the strips contained an additional post mold cure (PMC) process. The strips were then exposed to a reflow process, and the warpage was measured in this process. Pressure-volume-temperature-cure (PVTC) effect and visco-elastic (VE) with two steps shift factor model of Arrhenius and WLF (Williams-Landel-Ferry) functions were considered in the epoxy material model. Fluid mechanics, curing kinetics, heat transfer, and structure analysis were combined in the analysis sequence. The simulation results were compared with the experiment metrics. |
12,291 | Please write an abstract with title: A Routing Algorithm Based on Optimistic Path Analysis, and key words: Social networking (online), Simulation, Routing, Delays, Cybernetics. Abstract: To solve the problem of low delivery rate, high network load and high average forwarding delay caused by blind forwarding of messages in mobile social networks considering the selfish attribute of nodes, the optimistic path analysis (OPA) algorithm is proposed. OPA puts forward the concept of encounter intensity based on the historical encounter records and gives its calculation formula. Encounter intensity uses time as an important basis, which can more accurately reflect the possibility of two nodes meeting next time. At the same time, based on the intensity of encounter, the “small world principle” is used to limit the number of hops of routing paths, and finally a set of preferred paths for the message from the source node to the destination node is constructed, which is used as a basis to determine whether the message is forwarded or not. Simulation results show that compared with classic routing algorithms, OPA can effectively increase message delivery rate, reduce network load and forwarding delay. |
12,292 | Please write an abstract with title: An Evidence-Based Inquiry into the Use of Grey Literature in Software Engineering, and key words: Industries, Systematics, Quality control, Software, Task analysis, Software engineering, Guidelines. Abstract: Context: Following on other scientific disciplines, such as health sciences, the use of Grey Literature (GL) has become widespread in Software Engineering (SE) research. Whilst the number of papers incorporating GL in SE is increasing, there is little empirically known about different aspects of the use of GL in SE research. Method: We used a mixed-methods approach for this research. We carried out a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) of the use of GL in SE, and surveyed the authors of the selected papers included in the SLR (as GL users) and the invited experts in SE community on the use of GL in SE research. Results: We systematically selected and reviewed 102 SE secondary studies that incorporate GL in SE research, from which we identified two groups based on their reporting: 1) 76 reviews only claim their use of GL; 2) 26 reviews report the results by including GL. We also obtained 20 replies from the GL users and 24 replies from the invited SE experts. Conclusion: There is no common understanding of the meaning of GL in SE. Researchers define the scopes and the definitions of GL in a variety of ways. We found five main reasons of using GL in SE research. The findings have enabled us to propose a conceptual model for how GL works in SE research lifecycle. There is an apparent need for research to develop guidelines for using GL in SE and for assessing quality of GL. The current work can provide a panorama of the state-of-the-art of using GL in SE for the follow-up research, as to determine the important position of GL in SE research. |
12,293 | Please write an abstract with title: Robust Beamforming Optimization for Intelligent Reflecting Surface Aided Cognitive Radio Networks, and key words: Interference, Channel estimation, Array signal processing, Signal to noise ratio, Optimization, Uncertainty, MISO communication. Abstract: Intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) has been proved to be an efficient technology to improve the spectrum and energy efficiency in cognitive radio (CR) networks. Unfortunately, due to the fact that the primary users (PUs) and the secondary users (SUs) are non-cooperative, it is challenging to obtain the perfect PUs-related channel sate information (CSI). In this paper, we investigate the robust beamforming design based on the statistical CSI error model for PU-related cascaded channels in IRS-aided CR systems. We jointly optimize the transmit precoding (TPC) matrix and phase shifts to minimize the SU's total transmit power, meanwhile subject to the quality of service (QoS) of SUs, the interference imposed on the PU and unit-modulus of the reflective beamforming. The non-convex optimization problems are transformed into two second-order cone programming (SOCP) subproblems and efficient algorithms are proposed for solving these subproblems. Simulation results verify the efficiency of the proposed algorithms and reveal the impacts of CSI uncertainties on ST's transmit power and feasibility rate of the optimization problem. |
12,294 | Please write an abstract with title: Optical Packet Switch Modelling and its Traffic Shaping Effects, and key words: Optical packet switching, Traffic control, Telecommunication traffic, Containers, Wavelength division multiplexing, IP networks, WDM networks, Systems engineering and theory, Electronic mail, Optical fiber networks. Abstract: We demonstrate a novel approach to model an edge Optical Packet Switch (OPS). Its shaping effects on self-similar traffic sources are studied. Significant reduction in Hurst parameter was achieved. |
12,295 | Please write an abstract with title: An Anonymous Authentication System for Pay-As-You-Go Cloud Computing-, and key words: Authentication, Cloud computing, Protocols, Pricing, Computational modeling, Quality of service. Abstract: Cloud computing offers on-demand availability of computing resources over the Internet. To attract users, cloud providers offer their resources as services at reasonable prices and provide various price models to reflect higher level of quality of service (QoS), which are referred as pricing schemes. $k$-times anonymous authentication ($k$-TAA) is an attractive approach to construct pricing schemes, providing access controllability, user anonymity and public traceability. In $k$-TAA schemes, authenticated users are permitted to anonymously access services from a provider at most $k$ times, while the ones whose the number of access times exceeds $k$ can be publicly traced. That is, $k$-TAA schemes offer a prepaid plan that charges users based on the amount of access times. Alternatively, pay-as-you-go (PAYG) is a pricing strategy that allows users to be charged based on the amount of usage, reducing the costs on unnecessary resources. Adopting $k$-TAA schemes to PAYG model, the access bound $k$ is decided by the prepayment amount and the service usage is tracked by the number of access times. However, this approach is impractical, since existing $k$-TAA schemes only allow an one-time access in an authentication. This article aims to bridge this gap in the literature by designing an efficient and secure authentication system for PAYG cloud computing, supporting flexible access controllability, user anonymity and public traceability. To achieve this, we propose a new $k$-TAA primitive, called $k$-times anonymous pay-as-you-go authentication ($k$-TAA-PAYG), that allows users to access services for multiple times in an authentication as long as the number of their access times does not exceed $k$. We first formalize the definition and security model for $k$-TAA-PAYG scheme. Subsequently, we present a concrete construction of $k$-TAA-PAYG scheme, with the computational complexity as $O(1)$ and the constant communicational cost. Finally, comparing with the most efficient $k$-TAA scheme proposed by Emura <i>et al.</i>, the experimental results show that our $k$-TAA-PAYG scheme is 2.5 to 3 times faster and saves up to 66 percent storage in grant processes. The time cost of an authentication of our $k$-TAA-PAYG scheme is constant (1.4-2.4 ms), while Emura <i>et al.</i>’s scheme needs more than one second when the number of access time is greater than 1, 000. |
12,296 | Please write an abstract with title: Generic Delay-L Left Invertibility of Structured Systems with Scalar Unknown Input, and key words: Observability, Delays, Linear systems, Observers, Conferences, Aerospace electronics, Probabilistic logic. Abstract: This paper concerns structured systems, namely linear systems where the state-space matrices have zeros in some fixed positions, and free parameters in all other entries. In particular, it focuses on discrete-time linear time-invariant systems affected by an unknown input. The goal is to study delay-L left invertibility, namely the possibility to reconstruct the input sequence from the output sequence, assuming that the initial state is known, and requiring that the inputs can be reconstructed at least up to L time steps before the current output. Under the assumption that the unknown input is scalar, this paper presents a simple graphical condition characterizing the structured systems which are generically delay-L left invertible. |
12,297 | Please write an abstract with title: Brain Tumor Classification Using Pretrained Convolutional Neural Networks, and key words: Training, Deep learning, Brain, Program processors, Magnetic resonance imaging, Transfer learning, Convolutional neural networks. Abstract: Nowadays, deep learning methods have fulfilled great image classification tasks. Convolutional neural networks for classifying brain images into four classes: no tumor, glioma, meningioma, and pituitary are introduced in this paper. The used dataset is public and has 3064 MRI brain images from 233 patients, also we have added 980 images with no tumor. A comparison between pretrained AlexNet, GoogleNet, DenseNet201, and ResNet101 has been done using our dataset. Our results show an accuracy of 98.76% obtained with finetuned ResNet101. |
12,298 | Please write an abstract with title: Remembering Prof. Mojgan Daneshmand and Prof. Pedram Mousavi [In Memoriam], and key words: Obituaries, Mousavi, Pedram, Daneshmand, Mojgan. Abstract: Recounts the career and contributions of both Mojgan Daneshmand and Pedram Mousavi. |
12,299 | Please write an abstract with title: Motion control of tumbling spacecraft by repetitive impulse inputs, and key words: Motion control, Space vehicles, Equations. Abstract: An angular momentum control of a tumbling spacecraft by applying repetitive impulses from a space robot arm is discussed. By assuming inputs by the arm, the direction, size and timing of the input forces are relatively free to choose. At each control cycle, however, torques parallel to the contact direction cannot be generated. Therefore, the design of controller is not straightforward. To solve this difficulty, the equations of rotational motion are rewritten into simpler forms by applying appropriate coordinates transformation. Then a discrete controller is designed so that the component of the. angular momentum parallel to the contact direction is damped out by choosing the directions of input forces properly. Numerical simulations are given to show that the angular momentum is efficiently damped. |
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