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14,200 | Please write an abstract with title: Principles of simultaneous measuring the radar objects' full scattering matrix, and key words: Radar scattering, Radar measurements, Radar antennas, Polarization, Equations, Transmitting antennas, Matrices, Vectors, Antenna measurements, Scattering parameters. Abstract: The principles of the correct estimation of backscattering matrix (BSM) under real conditions in monostatic radar are discussed. The term "correct" means that the estimate keeps all global properties of symmetry of a real object's "instantaneous" BSM. The relation between the required accuracy of BSM estimation and the base N (BT product of bandwidth and time interval of the measurement) of the illuminated vector signal is shown. |
14,201 | Please write an abstract with title: 6 to 17 GHz broadband high power amplifier using spatial power combining technique, and key words: High power amplifiers, Broadband amplifiers, Power amplifiers, Bandwidth, Linearity, MMICs, Coaxial components, Thermal management, Power generation, Microwave amplifiers. Abstract: High power, broad bandwidth, high linearity and low noise are among the most important features in amplifier design. Broadband spatial power combining techniques address all these issues by combining the output power of a large quantity of microwave monolithic integrated circuit (MMIC) amplifiers in a broadband coaxial waveguide environment, while maintaining good linearity and improving phase noise of the MMIC amplifiers. A coaxial waveguide was used as the host of the combining circuits for broader bandwidth and better uniformity by equally distributing the input power to each element. A new compact coaxial combiner with much smaller size is investigated. Broadband slotline to microstrip line transitions are integrated for better compatibility with commercial MMIC amplifiers. Thermal simulations are performed and a new thermal management scheme is employed to improve the heat sinking in high power applications. A high power amplifier, using the compact combiner design, is built and demonstrated to have a bandwidth from 6 to 17 GHz with 44 W maximum output power. Linearity measurement has shown a high IP3 of 52 dBm. |
14,202 | Please write an abstract with title: Digital PI controller for high frequency switching DC/DC converters based on FPGA, and key words: Digital control, Frequency conversion, DC-DC power converters, Field programmable gate arrays, Circuits, Costs, Arithmetic, Communication system control, Switching converters, Digital signal processing. Abstract: Considering the growing demand for small-space and high efficiency in DC-DC converters, It is usual way to raising the switching frequency and introducing some digital controllers. But some conventional digital device, such as DSP, will take higher cost. In this paper, we propose a high speed digital PI controller based on FPGA (field programmable gate array) and apply it to a DC-DC converter in order to show the effectiveness of proposed technique. The proposed high-speed digital PI controller has several features: lower cost, small space and high speed. It is also useful in wide applications. |
14,203 | Please write an abstract with title: Predicting Opioid Prescriptions based on Patient Demographics in MIMIC-IV, and key words: Drugs, Pain, Hospitals, Databases, MIMICs, Sociology, Predictive models. Abstract: Opioids are widely used analgesics because of their efficacy, mild sedative and anxiolytic properties, and flexibility to administer through multiple routes. Understanding the demographics of the patients receiving these medications helps provide customized care for the susceptible group of people. We conducted a demographic evaluation of the frequently prescribed opioid drug prescriptions from the MIMIC IV database. We analyzed prescribing patterns of six commonly used opioids with demographics such as age, gender, ethnicity, marital status, and year predominantly. After conducting exploratory data analysis, we built models using Logistic Regression, Random Forest, and XGBoost to predict opioid prescriptions and demographics for those. We also analyzed the association between demographics and the frequency of prescribed medications for pain management. We found statistically significant differences in opioid prescriptions among the male and female population, married and unmarried, various ages, ethnic groups, and an association with in-hospital deaths. |
14,204 | Please write an abstract with title: A Compact Differential Filtering Microstrip Patch Antenna Using Folded Quasi-T-shaped Resonators, and key words: Antenna measurements, Microstrip filters, Microstrip resonators, Filtering, Patch antennas, Resonator filters, Microstrip antennas. Abstract: A compact differential filtering microstrip patch antenna which composed of a quasi-H-shaped radiation patch and two folded quasi-T-shaped resonators is proposed. From the view of filter, the quasi-H-shaped radiation patch can be treated as the last stage of resonators, and the two folded quasi-T-shaped resonators act as the first order of resonators. Moreover, the quasi-H-shaped radiation patch is excited by two arms and an inset coupling structure of the folded quasi-T-shaped resonator, respectively. A prototype of proposed differential filtering microstrip patch antenna is designed, analyzed and simulated. Two radiation nulls (RNs) produced by this configuration are located at the both sides of passband, which improves the selectivity greatly. Furthermore, the realized gain in the passband is flat with low cross-polarization. The proposed antenna is a good candidate for the applications of wireless communication application. |
14,205 | Please write an abstract with title: Dynamic Photovoltaic Array Reconfiguration for Standalone PV Water Pumping System, and key words: Induction motors, DC motors, Photovoltaic systems, Switches, Inverters. Abstract: Partial Shading is a severe problem in Solar Photo Voltaic systems which dramatically reduces the output power. This paper discussed a generalized reconfiguration scheme for PV pumping applications under Partial Shading Conditions. The switch matrix reconfigures the modules in an array to generate more power output. The maximum power from the reconfigurable array is extracted using Incremental Conductance MPPT algorithm. Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation based V/f controls the motor. The system performance is analyzed based on Matlab simulations. The results show the effectiveness of the system by extracting maximum power from the array to deliver maximum pumping output. |
14,206 | Please write an abstract with title: A securely fair non-repudiation protocol with TTP load lightly, and key words: Electronic commerce, Protection, Educational institutions, Computer science, Postal services, Relays, Transport protocols, Authentication, Logic, Digital signatures. Abstract: With the development of electronic, the requirements of the electronic commerce protocols are higher. Non-repudiation is an important property of electronic commerce protocols. The non-repudiation services mainly include the non-repudiation of origin, non-repudiation of receipt, non-repudiation of submission and non-repudiation of transport. Generally, the non-repudiation service evidence is provided by non-repudiation protocol. We discuss non-repudiation services, non-repudiation tokens and related applications, fair non-repudiation protocols. We compare and analyze the related non-repudiation protocols, such as FNP, NRMPR, CEM, CMP1, CMP2, FNRP, in the following aspects: (1) transfer messages in a run; (2) depend on mail relay; (3) generate NROT after a run; (3) generate the NRRT after a run; (4) TTP is a delivery authority; (5) TTP generates the NROT; (6) TTP generates the NRRT; (7) need RSA; (8)need DES; (9) fairness; (10) TTP knows message; (11) message confidentiality; (12) TTP load lightly. Secondly, we propose a securely fair non-repudiation protocol, which transports less data, has better confidentiality of message, lighter load of TTP, better fairness. Thirdly, we analyze its non-repudiation with the authentication logics framework introduced by Kessler&Neumann and fairness. |
14,207 | Please write an abstract with title: Game-based Evaluation of Whole-body Movement Functions with CoM Stability and Motion Smoothness, and key words: Training, Visualization, Tracking, Stability criteria, Games, Inspection, Skeleton. Abstract: In the field of rehabilitation, there is a great demand for an automatic and quantitative evaluation system. The balance ability is an essential factor for motor function evaluation related to posture control. Although balance ability is assessed using various indices in current clinical situations, most of previous studies developing an automatic evaluation system have used only a single particular index for balance evaluation. In this study, we developed a system that evaluates whole-body motor function using multiple indices based on the trajectory of the center of mass (CoM) and the motion smoothness. The system is inexpensive and little physical burden because the evaluation indices are calculated from the skeleton tracked by Kinect in a game environment. We attempt to capture the differences in individual motor functions which are difficult to be detected by qualitative visual observation. |
14,208 | Please write an abstract with title: Dew point and relative humidity smart measuring system, and key words: Humidity measurement, Mirrors, Temperature sensors, Temperature measurement, Optical pumping, Optical sensors, Bifurcation, Diode lasers, Narrowband, Optical detectors. Abstract: In the present article, the design and implementation of a dew point (T/sub DP/) smart measuring system characterized by high accuracy and repeatability is presented. The system implements also a relative humidity sensing structure based on the acquired data associated to dew point and ambient temperature measuring channels. The main elements of the measuring system include an optical system based on a bifurcated fiber bundle, a mirror, a laser diode and a narrow band optical detector. Mirror cooling is made using a current mode powered Peltier heat pump. The current control is performed using a data acquisition board programmed with LabVIEW software. |
14,209 | Please write an abstract with title: Electromagnetic compatibility, and key words: Electromagnetic compatibility, Electrical engineering education, Public speaking. Abstract: The focus of this issue's column is teaching electromagnetic compatibility. A summary of resources for this topic is found in the article by Levent Sevgi, and additional online course materials are summarized on the IEEE AP-S education course material repository Web site: www.ece.utah.edu//spl sim/cfurse/APS/course.htm. The column also provides a set of suggestions that are applicable to a variety of courses on opportunities to teach oral presentation skills. |
14,210 | Please write an abstract with title: Influence of channel fluctuations on optimal real-time scalable image transmission, and key words: Fluctuations, Image communication, Protection, Decoding, Error correction, Forward error correction, Error analysis, Statistics, Information science, Bit rate. Abstract: Joint source-channel coding systems using scalable source codes and forward error correction allow reliable transmission of multimedia data over noisy channels. The performance of such systems highly depends on the source-channel bit allocation strategy. Rate-based error protection schemes, which maximize the expected source rate are very attractive for real-time applications because the optimization can be done very quickly and is independent of the source. In real-world communication, channel conditions are varying in time. Thus, it is important to frequently update the error protection. For two state-of-the-art joint source-channel coding systems, we show that a channel mismatch can lead to a poor performance. We study theoretically and experimentally the dependency of a rate-based optimal protection on the channel statistics and provide an efficient strategy for adjusting the error protection when a channel mismatch occurs. |
14,211 | Please write an abstract with title: Improving Reference-Based Image Colorization For Line Arts Via Feature Aggregation And Contrastive Learning, and key words: Art, Correlation, Image color analysis, Conferences, Semantics, Signal processing, Feature extraction. Abstract: The tremendous semantic discrepancy between the line art drawings without texture and the reference pictures containing rich color challenges current image-to-image translation models. Previous works attempt to establish cross-domain correspondence. However, they fail to capture more detailed features. A Reference-based Line art Translation Network (RLTN) is introduced with a Multi-level Feature Aggregation Module (MFAM) to improve the performance. The MFAM concentrates on more meaningful information for feature matching by utilizing the Multi-stream High Frequency Block (MHFB) and the Pixel-wise Correlation Block (PCB). We also employ the Channel-level Attention Block (CAB) and the Spatial-level Attention Block (SAB) for a better fusion of features. Moreover, a Style-based Contrastive Loss (SCL) is proposed to maintain the style similarity between the synthesized images and the reference examples. Experiments conducted on three datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of our model in producing more pleasing visual effects compared with state-of-the-art approaches. |
14,212 | Please write an abstract with title: Nonlinear State-Space Generalizations of Graph Convolutional Neural Networks, and key words: Location awareness, Convolution, Logic gates, Feature extraction, Graph neural networks, State-space methods, Numerical models. Abstract: Graph convolutional neural networks (GCNNs) learn compositional representations from network data by nesting linear graph convolutions into nonlinearities. In this work, we approach GCNNs from a state-space perspective revealing that the graph convolutional module is a minimalistic linear state-space model, in which the state update matrix is the graph shift operator. We show that this state update may be problematic because it is nonparametric, and depending on the graph spectrum it may explode or vanish. Therefore, the GCNN has to trade its degrees of freedom between extracting features from data and handling these instabilities. To improve such trade-off, we propose a novel family of nodal aggregation rules that aggregate node features within a layer in a nonlinear state-space parametric fashion allowing for a better trade-off. We develop two architectures within this family inspired by the recurrence with and without nodal gating mechanisms. The proposed solutions generalize the GCNN and provide an additional handle to control the state update and learn from the data. Numerical results on source localization and authorship attribution show the superiority of the nonlinear state-space generalization models over the baseline GCNN. |
14,213 | Please write an abstract with title: Cellular nonlinear network based on semiconductor tunneling structure with a self-assembled quantum dot layer, and key words: Cellular networks, Quantum dots, Cellular neural networks, Self-assembly, Resonant tunneling devices, Semiconductor diodes, Computer networks, Logic functions, Image processing, Computational modeling. Abstract: We study the realization of an original cellular nonlinear network (CNN) using a semiconductor tunneling structure. The elementary logic cell of the proposed CNN consists of a couple of resonant tunneling diodes (RTD) connected in series through a quantum dot. The local interconnections between the nano-cells are achieved via the tunneling in the quantum dot layer. The use of tunneling effects for interconnection resolves the problem of nano-wiring and allows us to enhance the network's computing abilities (realize a number of logic functions in one module). Based on approximate tunneling characteristics, examples of image processing are simulated. |
14,214 | Please write an abstract with title: Real-Time Leader-Follower Formation Control of Nano Quadcopters in the Framework of Ratio Control, and key words: Task analysis, Process control, Bidirectional control, Noise measurement, IEEE Sections, Attitude control, Position control. Abstract: In this paper, it is shown that a formation control problem can be handled in the framework of ratio control theory for the first time in literature. We define a ratio control problem from the formation control task that aims to maintain the relative positions of the agents during formation motion. It is shown that the basic objective of a ratio control, which is to keep the ratio between the outputs of two processes equal to a desired value, is similar to the one of Formation Control Structures (FCSs). Motivated with this resemblance, we firstly analyze widely employed Ratio Stations (RSs) and show that the presented RSs naturally define directional or bi-directional communication topologies. Thus, the RSs are symmetric or asymmetric FCSs. In the light of these findings, we propose a novel RS-FCS to solve a real-time formation problem of two nano quadcopter agents during formation motion. Various comparative results are presented to show that the proposed RS- FCSs result with satisfactory formation performances. |
14,215 | Please write an abstract with title: Planning Aspects of MVDC Distribution System Interconnections including Analysis of a new Use Case, and key words: Planning, Load flow, Substations, Task analysis, Power markets, Sensitivity analysis. Abstract: The continuous increase of renewable energy generation is a challenging task for todays distribution system operators. The renewable generation within one distribution system can exceed local loads by far and causes an increasing demand for cost-intensive interventions in the power plant dispatch or RE curtailments. To reduce these emergency actions, an approach of interconnecting distribution systems via MVDC-links to enable a horizontal controllable power exchange appears in current researches. However, one asset shared by two system operators is a challenge when it comes to power system planning. Also, distribution system operators are usually unexperienced with DC technology within distribution systems. This paper presents an approach to design an aligned planning process for the DSOs by using a toolbox as support. Also, the analysis of potential use cases is an important part of a planning procedure. Therefore, the use case of reducing redispatch by creating a parallel power flow path through the distribution grids has been examined, by determining the potential distribution system power transfer capability using sensitivity analysis. Also, the impact of transmission system expansion on the distribution system power transfer capability has been examined. |
14,216 | Please write an abstract with title: MPEG-21 digital item adaptation by applying perceived motion energy to H.264 video, and key words: Jitter, Optical filters, Video sequences, Motion analysis, Video compression, Optical noise, Power engineering and energy, Encoding, Humans, Cities and towns. Abstract: The new MPEG-21 standard defines a multimedia framework to enable transparent and augmented use of multimedia resources across heterogeneous networks and devices used by different communities. In this paper, we incorporated the perceived motion energy (PME) model into the proposed MPEG-21 digital item adaptation framework for frame dropping in H.264 encoded video adaptation. There are two advantages of this work, one is the use of PME model to reduce the viewer's perceived motion jitter due to frame dropping to a minimum. The other is the adaptation nodes can easily apply frame dropping operations without knowledge of detailed encoding syntax of H.264 videos. |
14,217 | Please write an abstract with title: Guest Editorial Special Issue on Sustainable Solutions for the Internet of Things, and key words: Special issues and sections, Internet of Things, Smart cities, Sustainable development, Deep learning, Sensors, Generative adversarial networks. Abstract: An Analysis of many IoT deployments showed that most of them can address the sustainable development goals (SDGs) and the UN’s 2030 agenda. Interestingly, most of these projects concentrate on five SDGs: 1) industry, innovation, infrastructure; 2) smart cities and communities; 3) affordable and clean energy; 4) good health and well-being; and 5) responsible production and consumption. Examples include a remote water-monitoring solution that ensures clean water in regions with an indigenous population and smart lighting initiatives in Chinese cities that halve total power output. |
14,218 | Please write an abstract with title: Improved single PARAFAC decomposition based blind MIMO system estimation, and key words: MIMO, Tensile stress, Matrix decomposition, Frequency domain analysis, Higher order statistics, Independent component analysis, System identification, Singular value decomposition, Speech processing, Multiaccess communication. Abstract: We consider the problem of frequency domain identification of a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system driven by white, mutually independent unobservable inputs. In particular, we improve upon a method recently proposed by the authors that uses PARAFAC decomposition of a tensor that is formed based on higher-order statistics of the system output. The approach of Y. Yu and A.P. Petropulu, 2005, utilizes only one slice of the output tensor to recover one row of the system response matrix. We proposed an approach that fully exploits the information in the output tensor, and as a result achieves lower error values. The proposed modification renders the method applicable to systems with more inputs than outputs. |
14,219 | Please write an abstract with title: An experiment to stabilize an electromechanical continuum, and key words: Springs, Automatic control, Delay effects, Control system synthesis, Feedback, Magnetohydrodynamics, Electromagnetic coupling, Plasma confinement, Plasma stability, Levitation. Abstract: An experiment is presented which demonstrates the stabilization of a distributed electromechanical interaction by means of feedback. A conducting elastic "string," stressed by a transverse electric field, is shown to exhibit a threshold electric pressure for instability. The transverse displacements of the spring are sampled and these signals used to induce a feedback field which tends to retain the static equilibrium. Open loop measurements are used to determine the distributed parameters. The experimental and theoretical stability limits of a two station system are compared. Using two sampling stations, the electric pressure consistent with stability is increased by a factor of five. The experiment has implication for the stabilization of more complicated electrostatic levitation devices and for the stabilization of certain hydromagnetic equilibria. |
14,220 | Please write an abstract with title: Stabilization of Fundamental-Frequency Microwave Oscillators for Radio-Relay Systems -- Microwave BAW and SAW Oscillators (Panel), and key words: Microwave oscillators, Surface acoustic waves, Delay lines, Frequency domain analysis, Temperature, Feedback loop, Low-frequency noise, Delay estimation, Aging, Acoustic waves. Abstract: High frequency fundamental operation up to 2-3 GHz is possible with both surface acoustic wave (SAW) and bulk acoustic wave (BAW) oscillators. The present characteristics and the estimated future capabilities are described in view of radio-relay communication requirements. |
14,221 | Please write an abstract with title: Review and Key Challenges in Battery to Battery Power Management System, and key words: Micro Grid, Internet of Things, Battery management systems. Abstract: The fluctuating characteristic of wind energy causes difficulty in predicting, scheduling, managing and controlling wind power generation efficiently. Battery energy storage system (BESS) coordinated with wind turbines has great potential to solve these problems. This paper reviews the sequence of research done in controlling frequency using coordination between BESS and pitch control strategy, coordination between BESS and droop control strategy, coordination between BESS. Challenges present in the existing BESS coordination strategies is discussed and a new coordination strategy between BESS is presented. |
14,222 | Please write an abstract with title: Voice Based Smart Assistive Device for the Visually Challenged, and key words: Speech recognition, Feature extraction, Task analysis, Acoustics, Information technology, Legged locomotion, Smart devices. Abstract: Blind, the dictionary defines it in one simple word, sightless. The life for a visually challenged person is extremely hard for obvious reasons. In this era of cutting-edge technology, it is still extremely difficult for visually challenged people to carry out day to day chores or enjoy the simple pleasures of life such as going for a walk, socializing, and so on. Hence, developing new solutions that allow those individuals to interact with sighted people, and the sighted world, in a way that lessens any of the problems that can arise from being visually impaired is becoming increasingly important. This paper presents a Smart Device built using a Raspberry Pi that can be controlled via Voice Commands and carry out various tasks such as Object Detection, Navigation, and notify the user through Audio feedback. The device will also take help of Image Recognition and Image Processing in order to convey information about specific places to the user as soon as the user is in that particular vicinity, hence allowing the person using the device know their surrounding environment in a better way. |
14,223 | Please write an abstract with title: On quaternary MacDonald codes, and key words: Binary codes, Linear code, DC generators, Computer science, Galois fields, Geometry, Additives, Vectors, Lattices, Gold. Abstract: This paper studies two families of codes over Z/sub 4/, MacDonald codes of type /spl alpha/ and type /spl beta/. The torsion code, weight distribution, and Gray image properties are studied. Some interesting optimal binary codes are also obtained. Two nonlinear families of binary codes are obtained via the Gray map. |
14,224 | Please write an abstract with title: Nanoparticle Enhanced Crystallization of Sorbitol PCMs for Latent Heat and Temperature Control, and key words: Heating systems, Nanoparticles, Phase change materials, Iron, Temperature, Gold, Nanocomposites. Abstract: Thermal management plays an important role in maintaining reliable functionality in electronic systems. As electronic packaging scales for increased power density, the need for cost effective heat removal becomes vital to electronic system design. Conventional systems, such as heat pipes, fans, and liquid cooling methods, require significant energy input, resulting in reduction of total system efficiencies. Phase change materials (PCMs) offer a safe and efficient passive thermal management approach that can supplement traditional cooling methods such as air and liquid cooling. PCMs can help absorb thermal energy during temperature spikes and with the addition of current cooling systems, can aid in cooling applications to increase the reliability of electronic devices. Within the broad PCM characterization, sugar alcohols have displayed promising thermal properties such as high specific latent heat (W/g), which is a useful metric for determining maximum thermal heat absorption, and the appropriate phase transition temperatures for electronic systems. These properties have been shown to be altered with nanoparticle inclusion, leading to more effective and efficient nanocomposites for thermal management.This study examines the impact of gold and iron oxide nanoparticles on the latent heat, melting temperature, and crystalline properties of D-Sorbitol (promising sugar alcohol). Particle size, concentration, and spatial density are discussed for their effects in changing the properties of the PCM. The particle induced augmentation was evaluated using various crystallographic, mechanical, fluid, and thermal characterization techniques, to illustrate the mechanism of PCM enhancement. The structure of Sorbitol is polycrystalline, but it can be shown that nanoparticle inclusion introduces controllable crystalline ordering. This work encompasses what trends can be seen with the change in certain properties within sorbitol using nanoparticles. The increase in latent heat is dependent on the preferred crystalline structure of the nanocomposite based on the changes introduced by the nanoparticles. Furthermore, liquid-to-solid formation kinetics were also observed through rheology and shear stress induced crystallization. The focus of this paper will be on the crystalline changes present in the new nanocomposites and the relationship between structure and thermal characteristics as controlled by varying nanoparticle properties. |
14,225 | Please write an abstract with title: Control theory to accelerator research and self-focused bunched beam, and key words: Control theory, Particle beams, Nonlinear equations, Force control, Poisson equations, Acceleration, Kernel, Maxwell equations, Distribution functions, Laboratories. Abstract: A new approach to a nonlinear bunched beam dynamics based on the self-consistent Vlasov equation is presented. The main emphasis is given on the direct Lyapunov method in case of a vector field (on a compact manifold with a singular point) to finding a solution to Vlasov-Poisson equation (VPE). The VPE is transformed into a Fredholm equation in an attraction region. These properties are linked to the self-focusing and acceleration of a bunched beam. |
14,226 | Please write an abstract with title: A quantum dot image processor, and key words: Quantum dots, Image processing, Image edge analysis, Resistance. Abstract: A two-dimensional (2-D) periodic array of quantum dots, where each dot is coupled with its nearest neighbors and interfaced with an underlying material exhibiting a negative differential resistance, is theoretically investigated as a dynamical system for image processing. A circuit level study of such a system is performed and the circuit parameters for this paper are extracted by experimentally measuring them in an electrochemically self-assembled quasi-periodic quantum dot array. Large 2-D dot arrays with 4-neighborhood rectangular lattice structure are then simulated and it is shown that if image data are introduced as initial conditions to these arrays, the steady-state response of the system realizes an image processing task similar to edge detection-enhancement. In addition, the quantum dot architecture is capable of horizontal-vertical line detection with a simple arrangement of the coupling resistances between the dots. These applications are demonstrated via numerical experiments. |
14,227 | Please write an abstract with title: Acceleration Study of Two-Stage and Deep-Learning Based Facial Direction Detection on GPU-Based Edge Device, and key words: Performance evaluation, Multithreading, Navigation, Image edge detection, Nanoscale devices, Real-time systems, Life sciences. Abstract: When an intelligent autonomous mover is active, the facial direction messages of pedestrians become important for the use of social-aware navigation in surrounding-crowds environments. To speed-up the performance of the two-stage processing based convolutional neural network (CNN) design for facial direction detection on the cost-effective GPU-based edge device, in this paper, three acceleration methodologies are applied, including TensorRT, Multithreading, and Overclocking technologies, to speed-up the frames per second (FPS) performance on NVIDIA Jetson Nano platform. Compared with the direct two-stage implementation without using accelerations, the accelerated implementation performs more than three times speed-up ratios for facial direction detections of pedestrians. |
14,228 | Please write an abstract with title: Cell admission control in multiservice satellite systems, and key words: Admission control, Bit rate, Bandwidth, Low earth orbit satellites, Design engineering, Multimedia systems, System testing, IP networks, Electronic commerce, Videoconference. Abstract: A cell admission control scheme is designed for the multiservice satellite systems. Two service groups: variable bit rate service group (VBRG) and fixed bit rate service group (FBRG) have been tested on the system and their performance are compared. VBRG outperforms FBRG in terms of success rate of cell admission, at the expense of reduced communication bit rate, which is not a serious problem because there is a mechanism for restoration to original bit rate. |
14,229 | Please write an abstract with title: Transmission timing - a control approach to distributed uplink scheduling in WCDMA, and key words: Timing, Distributed control, Multiaccess communication, Wireless networks, Base stations, Transient analysis, Centralized control, Delay, Radio transmitters, Power control. Abstract: Centralized control and coordination of the connections in a wireless network are not possible in practice. To keep the delay from measurement instants to actuating the decisions, distributed control is required. This paper focuses on the uplink (from mobiles to base stations) and discusses distributing the decision of when and when not to transmit data (distributed scheduling) to the mobiles. The scheme, uplink transmission timing, utilizes mobile transmitter power control feedback from the base station receiver to determine whether the channel is favorable or not compared to the average channel condition. Thereby, the battery consumption and disturbing power to other connections are reduced. The algorithm can be described as a feedback control system. Some transient behaviors are analyzed using systems theory, and supported by wireless network simulations of a system with a WCDMA (wideband code division multiple access) radio interface as in most 3G systems. |
14,230 | Please write an abstract with title: Extraction of Form Attribute and Query Interface Integrating from Deep Web, and key words: Measurement, Visualization, Codes, Databases, Ontologies, Artificial intelligence. Abstract: In this paper we describe a new strategy based on internal code and visual unit to extract query interface schema. In the process of extraction, there are still some aspects that should be improved. In order to access multiple network databases in deep Web, which is a time-consuming work, how to integrate a unified query interface is one potential problem. Integration is a process of matching attributes that are in the query forms based on domain ontology. It can save a lot of time and energy to visit abundant network databases. Experimental results also show that our method outperforms the state-of-art integrator from the perspective of traditional performance metrics. |
14,231 | Please write an abstract with title: Efficient Quasi-Phase Matched Xe-Filled Hollow-Core Fiber OPA, and key words: Optical fiber dispersion, Electrodes, Optical fiber amplifiers, Xenon, Frequency conversion, Nonlinear optics. Abstract: We present numerical analysis of a unique quasi-phase matched (QPM) fiber optical parametric amplifier enabling long interaction and high conversion efficiency. QPM is accomplished by wrapping the xenon filled hollow-core fiber around a cylindrical, periodic electrode. |
14,232 | Please write an abstract with title: A finite-capacity beam-search-algorithm for production scheduling in semiconductor manufacturing, and key words: Job shop scheduling, Semiconductor device manufacture, Libraries, Computational modeling, Circuit simulation, Circuit testing, Production systems, Information systems, Scheduling algorithm, Fabrication. Abstract: In this paper we describe a finite-capacity algorithm that can be used for production scheduling in a semiconductor wafer fabrication facility (wafer fab). The algorithm is a beam-search-type algorithm. We describe the basic features of the algorithm. The implementation of the algorithm is based on the ILOG-Solver libraries. We describe the simulation environment, which is used to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm. We show some results from computational experiments with the algorithm and the simulation test-bed described. |
14,233 | Please write an abstract with title: Computing Maxwell eigenvalues by using higher order edge elements in three dimensions, and key words: Eigenvalues and eigenfunctions, Finite element methods, Maxwell equations, Electromagnetic scattering, Mathematics, Resonant frequency, Conductivity, Resonance, Councils. Abstract: We use recently proposed hierarchic basis functions and a tetrahedral partitioning to compute Maxwell eigenvalues on a bounded polygonal domain in /spl Ropf//sup 3/, using a p-version finite-element procedure based on edge elements. The problem formulation requires a set of basis functions that are H(curl)-conforming and another compatible set that is H/sup 1/-conforming. In this preliminary study, we employ a uniform order of approximation throughout the domain. |
14,234 | Please write an abstract with title: Fatality Prediction for Motor Vehicle Collisions: Mining Big Data Using Deep Learning and Ensemble Methods, and key words: Accidents, Road traffic, Predictive models, Intelligent vehicles, Real-time systems, Support vector machines, Meteorology, Deep learning, Content management. Abstract: Motor vehicle crashes are one of the most common causes of fatalities on the roads. Real-time severity prediction of such crashes may contribute towards reducing the rate of fatality. In this study, the fundamental goal is to develop machine learning models that predict whether the outcome of a collision will be fatal or not. A Canadian road crash dataset containing 5.8 million records is utilized in this research. In this study, ensemble models have been developed using majority and soft voting to address the class imbalance in the dataset. The prediction accuracy of approximately 75% is achieved using Convolutional Neural Networks. Moreover, a comprehensive analysis of the attributes that are important in distinguishing between fatal vs. non-fatal motor vehicle collisions has been presented in this paper. In-depth information content analysis reveals the factors that contribute the most in the prediction model. These include roadway characteristics and weather conditions at the time of the crash, vehicle type, time when the collision happen, road user class and their position, any safety device used, and the status of traffic control. With real-time data based on weather and road conditions, an automated warning system can potentially be developed utilizing the prediction model employed in this study. |
14,235 | Please write an abstract with title: Traveling Wave Feature Classification-Based Fault Location in Active Distribution Network, and key words: Wavelet transforms, Solid modeling, Grounding, Distribution networks, Fault location, Wavelet analysis, Eigenvalues and eigenfunctions. Abstract: With the access of distributed generators (DG), the power flow direction and structure of distribution networks have changed, and therefore many traditional fault location methods are no longer applicable. Single-phase grounding fault is a common fault in power distribution network, which may bring secondary fault and even blackout. Starting from the relationship between the wavelet eigenvalues of traveling waves and the fault section of distribution lines with DG, the optimal fault features were selected by dimension reduction of linear discriminant analysis (LDA), and then the Bayesian classification model based on kernel distribution was used to realize the new method of Single phase grounding fault location. The IEEE 33-bus model with DGs was constructed to test the faults in different sections of active distribution network, the locating accuracy of the optimal three-dimensional feature sample is 97.9%. The result shows the method can achieve accurate fault location. |
14,236 | Please write an abstract with title: Spatial data structures for version management of engineering drawings in CAD database, and key words: Data structures, Engineering management, Engineering drawings, Spatial databases, Design automation, Data engineering, Design engineering, Systems engineering and theory, Database systems, Tree data structures. Abstract: In the engineering database system, multiple versions of a design, including engineering drawings, should be managed efficiently. Spatial data structures can manage spatial objects in a drawing efficiently. The paper proposes extended spatial data structures for efficient management of multiversion engineering drawings. The R-tree is adapted as a basic data structure. The efficient mechanism to manage the difference between drawings is introduced to the R-tree to eliminate redundant duplications and to reduce the amount of storage required for the data structure. Extended data structures of the R-tree, called MVR and MVR* trees, are developed and the performances of these trees are evaluated. A series of simulation tests shows that, compared with the basic R-tree, the amounts of storage required for the MVR and MVR* trees are reduced to 50% and 30%, respectively. The search efficiencies of the R, MVR, and MVR* trees are almost the same. |
14,237 | Please write an abstract with title: A deep learning-enhanced botnet detection system based on Android manifest text mining, and key words: Text mining, Support vector machines, Botnet, Digital forensics, Feature extraction, Security, Random forests. Abstract: Android botnets remain a significant threat to mobile and IoT systems and networks as they continue to infect millions of devices worldwide. Therefore, there is a need to develop more effective solutions to tackle their spread. Hence, in this paper we propose a system for detecting Android botnets through automated text mining of the manifest files obtained from apps. The proposed method utilizes NLP techniques to extract features from the manifest files and a deep learning-based classification model is used to detect botnet applications. The classification model is implemented using CNN and a traditional machine learning classifier such as SVM, Random Forest or KNN. We performed experiments to evaluate the proposed system with 3858 Android applications consisting of 1929 botnet and 1929 benign samples. The results showed the best overall performance with the CNN-SVM hybrid model which had an average accuracy of 96.9% thus outperforming the singular machine learning classifiers. |
14,238 | Please write an abstract with title: Use of the Supscripted DALG in Submodule Testing with Applications in Cellular Arrays, and key words: Circuit testing, Logic testing, Electronic equipment testing, Logic circuits, Controllability, Packaging, Logic arrays, Circuit topology, Circuit faults, Flexible printed circuits. Abstract: This paper will introduce the concept of the Transparency cube in the extraction and testing of an embedded logic submodule. The algorithm presented can establish control of a submodule in a very small amount of CPU time, and it was found to perform extremely well when tested on cellular array topologies such as those which occur in systolic architectures. The program described detects if parts of a circuit are untestable and notifies the user as to where additional logic is necessary to make the circuit more transparent or testable. It also introduces controllability numbers for flexible signals (or subscripted D's) and a method by which an Exclusive Or gate (EXOR) is handled as a single gate in the controllability calculations. This is useful since controllability numbers do not represent well the difficulties encountered with reconvergent fanout. |
14,239 | Please write an abstract with title: A Novel Heterogeneous Sensor-Weapon-Target Cooperative Assignment for Ground-to-Air Defense by Efficient Evolutionary Approaches, and key words: Missiles, Heuristic algorithms, Target tracking, Optimization, Radar, Radar tracking, Encoding. Abstract: Based on the tactics of “intercepting at the furthest and resisting in steps” in the ground-to-air defense, an integrated sensor/heterogeneous weapon allocation problem is proposed for the first time. It is formulated as a dynamic sensor/heterogeneous weapon target assignment (DS/HWTA) model in continuous time domain, including the models of the threat assessment, sensor detection probability, weapon damage probability, decision timing, unified optimization objective and constraints. An evolutionary algorithm for dynamic sensor/heterogeneous weapon target assignment (EA-DS/HWTA) is proposed, in which three coding methods are designed to build the solution individuals. The de-constrained initial population is realized based on type I coding. A modified position based crossover (MPBX) based on type II coding is presented to maintain the sensor-weapon synergy of the solutions. Based on a greedy fitness strategy, the type II coding individual is complemented and transformed to type III coding to calculate the solution fitness. The extensive experiments show that the DS/HWTA model reflects the cooperation requirements of sensor-weapon in anti-penetration operation, and the proposed solving algorithm has good convergence and real-time performance. |
14,240 | Please write an abstract with title: Design of Constant Modulus Sequences with Doppler Shift Tolerance and Good Complete Second Order Statistics, and key words: Doppler shift, Correlation, Conferences, Radar, Cost function, Minimization, IEEE Regions. Abstract: The design of phase coded waveforms with a complete second order characterization, resilient to Doppler shifts in a specified region, is here addressed. A cost function that imposes good second order statistics over a window of interest for different Doppler shifts is used to determine the phases of the sequence that minimizes it. Due to the design criteria imposed, the resultant sequences minimize the sidelobe levels of the Ambiguity Function (AF) as well as those of an associated function hereby referred to as the Complementary Ambiguity Function (CAF). It is shown by numerical examples that the Limited-memory Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno (L-BFGS) method can be used to determine the phases of the discrete time sequence that fulfills the design restrictions. |
14,241 | Please write an abstract with title: Robust and Long-Term High-Speed Operational Status Inspection of Pantograph-OCS in Complex Environments, and key words: Three-dimensional displays, Tracking, Interference, Inspection, Conductors, Transformers, Loss measurement. Abstract: Good contact conditions between the pantograph and catenary ensure the safety of electrified railways. However, the relevant state-of-the-art status inspection methods cannot achieve high speed and robust effects under complex conditions, such as multisuspended line interference, unknown complex backgrounds, and light and dark changes. Therefore, a two-module contact status diagnosis methodology, consisted of long-term tracking and 3-D reconstruction, is proposed in this study. This long-term tracking method is a combination of tracking, detection, and discrimination, focusing on locating the contact area of high-speed movement in complex environments. First, a brand-new tracking paradigm, namely, GMSTrack, based on feature matching is developed to adapt to complex background changes. Second, we modify the loss function via GIoU-plus loss for box regression and adaptive wing loss for landmark regression on CenterNet and realize a dramatic improvement in detection accuracy at 125 FPS. Third, sequential information is collected for the transformer-based discriminator to evaluate the correctness of the current tracking result. Experimental results show that the optimal strategy that combines tracking, detection, and discrimination can locate the contact area in complex environments with an accuracy higher than 93% and with a speed higher than 84 FPS. Finally, dynamic stagger value and height of conductor that can reflect contact status are analyzed through the 3-D reconstruction of the binocular contact points. The overall status inspection methodology can be applied to the on-site high-speed trains at speeds exceeding 80 FPS. |
14,242 | Please write an abstract with title: Proceedings at the four hundred and forty-fourth general meeting, and key words: Read only memory, TV, Marine vehicles, Velocity control, Rail transportation, Presses, Heating systems. Abstract: There were present 37 members and visitors and the Secretary. |
14,243 | Please write an abstract with title: Optimizing a Buck Voltage Regulator and the Number of Decoupling Capacitors for a PDN Application, and key words: Regulators, Buck converters, Capacitors, Stability criteria, Microwave theory and techniques, Microwave circuits, Impedance. Abstract: An optimization methodology to determine the best values of the compensation elements of a buck voltage regulator (VR) as well as the optimal number of decoupling capacitors in a power delivery network (PDN) application is proposed. A state average equivalent circuit model of the buck converter is employed. The proposed optimization methodology gradually finds the best compensation parameter values of a buck converter VR to meet some stability criteria in a PDN application. Additionally, the number of parallel decoupling capacitors in the PDN is minimized to simultaneously meet a frequency-domain impedance profile specification and a time-domain voltage droop requirement. |
14,244 | Please write an abstract with title: Randomized Compressive State Tomography with No A-priori Information Using a Quantum Pulse Gate in Time and Frequency, and key words: Performance evaluation, Integrated optics, Time-frequency analysis, Lithium niobate, Tomography, Optical variables measurement, Logic gates. Abstract: High-dimensional optical modes usually require a large number of measurements to be characterized— typically of the order O ( d 2 ) where d is the dimension of the underlying Hilbert space. Recently developed compressive tomography techniques can reconstruct low-rank signals with minimum measurements and no a priori assumptions [1] , [2] , [3] , [4] . We discuss results of randomized compressive tomography (RCT) implemented with a quantum pulse gate (QPG), a device that performs flexible optical measurements in the time-frequency domain [5] , [6] . In our experiments, we perform different random von Neumann basis measurements with a QPG that exploits dispersion-engineered sum-frequency generation in lithium niobate waveguides to implement projections onto arbitrary user-specified temporal mode superpositions. Based solely on the measurement data and nothing else, one can deterministically compute a positive number s cvx that monotonically estimates the size of the convex set of signal states consistent with the measurement data. For a sufficient number of informationally complete (IC) QPG projections, the convex set converges to a single point ( s cvx = 0), where the signal is uniquely reconstructed. |
14,245 | Please write an abstract with title: PSO-based neural network for dynamic bandwidth re-allocation [power system communication], and key words: Neural networks, Bandwidth, Traffic control, High-speed networks, Telecommunication traffic, Particle swarm optimization, Channel allocation, Communication system traffic control, Loss measurement, Mathematics. Abstract: A high-speed network needs to assign a fixed bandwidth for each connection some where between its mean and peak rates. Most of the time this assigned bandwidth will not handle all the traffic received and creates traffic loss. This paper introduces a new algorithm to avoid network congestion. The algorithm mainly considers online measurements of the relative contents of each buffer in the network. An adaptive bandwidth reallocation is simply done by recalling an evolved neural network. A particle swarm optimizer (PSO) is used to adjust both weights matrix and the number of nodes for the hidden layer providing that input and output layers are fixed at one node (ratio of relative contents and bandwidth proportion respectively). The results are compared with static bandwidth allocation in terms of number of traffic drop. |
14,246 | Please write an abstract with title: Hybrid Learning Challenges and Knowledge Management: Role of Information Technology, and key words: COVID-19, Education, Knowledge management, Internet of Things, Hybrid learning, Information technology, Artificial intelligence. Abstract: Coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) has made the situation challenging for higher education institutions. Students have been given the option to study either in offline or online mode. This has forced higher education institutions to conduct classes in a hybrid mode. Teaching in a hybrid mode has its unique challenges. Apart from the issues in delivering lectures, it has made Knowledge Management difficult. This study examines the problems faced by the educators from higher education institutions in delivering lectures in the hybrid mode and the problems faced by the institutions in Knowledge Management. The role of Information Technology in facilitating Knowledge Management is studied. This study uses a qualitative approach. The findings show that educators are facing challenging to deliver lecturers in a hybrid mode dually at the same time assimilation and dissemination of knowledge has become a challenge. It is also observed that Information Technology tool like Internet of Things (IoT) can play a significant role in capturing data and Knowledge Management. |
14,247 | Please write an abstract with title: Performance evaluation of delayed reservation schemes in server-based QoS management, and key words: Delay, Quality of service, Web and internet services, Network topology, Telecommunication traffic, Traffic control, Technology management, Computer science, Art, Telecommunication network topology. Abstract: The current Internet has a single class of service, i.e., best-effort service, whereas multimedia information is actually transmitted there. Recently, many researchers have focused on a mechanism to provide some quality of service (QoS) required for applications such as delay-sensitive ones. With such a mechanism, a real-time communication request is sent to a server, such as a policy server, that will try to find a path that meets the request's QoS requirement. If several available paths meet the requirement, the connection will be established on one of them. Otherwise, the request will be rejected. In all likelihood, though, delaying the path reservation to some extent if no available path meets the requirement, rather than immediately rejecting a request, will improve the blocking probability. We assume here that the communication can tolerate some initial setup delay, which we refer to as acceptable delay. Our major objective is to clarify whether or not the delay schemes are effective in improving the blocking probability. Therefore, we examine two schemes for managing buffered requests and two different network topologies, i.e., Mesh and ISP. Through an extensive simulation, we have found that the blocking probability can be improved even when a small acceptable delay and a small buffer size are assumed. In particular, we found that the scheme works well in actual network topologies such as an ISP model. |
14,248 | Please write an abstract with title: Truncated Parabolic-Index Fiber with Minimum Mode Dispersion, and key words: Optical fiber dispersion, Optical refraction, Optical variables control, Optical fibers, Optical propagation, Refractive index, Delay estimation, Space vector pulse width modulation, Optical fiber communication, Magnetic cores. Abstract: The use of a parabolic-index fiber as an optical transmission line has been receiving extensive attention because of its excellent mode dispersion characteristics. In the present paper, the modal dispersion in the optical fiber with truncated parabolic index distribution is analyzed theoretically in detail by using a variational method. Taking the influence of the cladding upon the propagating modes into consideration, it is found that there exists an optimum index distribution for which the modal dispersion is minimized. The standard deviation of the normalized group delay of propagating modes is used to estimate the modal dispersion behavior of the fiber. |
14,249 | Please write an abstract with title: The Implementation of Traffic Analytics Using Deep Learning and Big Data Technology with Garuda Smart City Framework, and key words: Smart cities, Real-time systems, Machine learning, Big Data, Streaming media. Abstract: Nowadays the population in the city grow rapidly [1]. It may cause many problems and those must be tackled with smart city solution because manual policy cannot handle that situation due to limited physical supporting tools [1] [2]. One of the problems is traffic congestion and its management. Moreover, other smart city initiatives such as traffic control and violence detection are applied to solve that issue in order to improve quality of life [3]. In this paper, a cloud-based with big data and video analytics with deep learning are proposed in the context of efficiency where accuracy and speed of processing and transmissions play a critical role into access policy and control with our integration platform based on Garuda Smart City Framework (GSCF) [1] [4]. |
14,250 | Please write an abstract with title: Differentially Private Federated Learning with Local Regularization and Sparsification, and key words: Degradation, Privacy, Differential privacy, Computer vision, Costs, Federated learning, Computational modeling. Abstract: User-level differential privacy (DP) provides certifiable privacy guarantees to the information that is specific to any user's data in federated learning. Existing methods that ensure user-level DP come at the cost of severe accuracy decrease. In this paper, we study the cause of model performance degradation in federated learning with user-level DP guarantee. We find the key to solving this issue is to naturally restrict the norm of local updates before ex-ecuting operations that guarantee DP. To this end, we propose two techniques, Bounded Local Update Regularization and Local Update Sparsification, to increase model quality without sacrificing privacy. We provide theoretical analysis on the convergence of our framework and give rigorous privacy guarantees. Extensive experiments show that our framework significantly improves the privacy-utility trade-off over the state-of-the-arts for federated learning with user-level DP guarantee. |
14,251 | Please write an abstract with title: Revisiting a Metric for Performance Portability, and key words: Measurement, Productivity, Conferences, Programming, Throughput, Harmonic analysis. Abstract: Our previously proposed metric for performance portability has been successful in spurring the development of tools and encouraging fair and meaningful evaluations of applications and programming frameworks. However, several practitioners have critiqued its formulation and questioned its interpretation. In this paper, we revisit and clarify our criteria for a useful performance portability metric, and present a derivation of our metric from first principles to inform its interpretation in a variety of scenarios. We explore the implications of this derivation for practitioners, providing clear guidance for when it is appropriate to use our metric and when alternative metrics are more suitable. |
14,252 | Please write an abstract with title: A CMOS Current Sensing Interface with Sub-pA DC Uncertainty, and key words: Sensors, Uncertainty, White noise, Switches, Extraterrestrial measurements, Standards, Measurement uncertainty. Abstract: This paper presents a CMOS current sensing interface with a dedicated analysis on dc uncertainty, especially the relationship among averaging, standard deviation and Allan variance. The dependence of the Allan variance on various noise sources is analyzed. The noise leakage mechanisms due to circuit nonidealities that lead to dc uncertainty are presented. A general design strategy toward a low dc uncertainty is drawn in this work. An auto-zeroing (AZ) capacitive transimpedance amplifier (CTIA) is reported for near-zero signal loss and near-perfect noise cancelation to achieve a low dc uncertainty. A prototype design implemented on 180nm CMOS process is presented and the measurement result shows a 73fA dc uncertainty. |
14,253 | Please write an abstract with title: Research on Optimal Segmentation Point for Distribution Network Line Loss Based on Depth-first Wolf Pack Search Algorithm, and key words: Couplings, Buildings, Distribution networks, Switches, Power grids, Mathematical models, Optimization. Abstract: The existing theoretical calculation results of line loss are unable to carry out the overall linkage analysis of the distribution block, resulting in weak application to guide adjustment and transformation for the grid. Combining the structural characteristics and the operation status of urban distribution network, this paper proposes a method for obtaining optimal segment point for line loss based on the depth-first wolf pack search algorithm. The method aims at reducing line loss as optimization goal. By building a mathematical model of distribution network reconstruction and obtaining optimal switch status combination mode of grid line loss rate under the search framework based on wolf pack algorithm, it obtains the optimal switch configuration scheme with lowest line loss rate. This intelligent algorithm has a fast convergence speed, which is suitable for large urban power grids. |
14,254 | Please write an abstract with title: Revealing Vulnerability of N-1 Secure Power Systems to Coordinated Cyber-Physical Attacks, and key words: Power system protection, Power system faults, Power systems, Security, Load flow, Cyberattack, Transmission line measurements. Abstract: Coordinated cyber-physical (CCP) attacks have attracted wide attention in power systems because of their potential to cause severe disturbance including cascading failures. However, as realistic power systems operate within the N-1 security criterion, existing CCP attacks may be in part mitigated. As such, this paper analyzes impacts of CCP attacks on the vulnerability of the power systems that employ the N-1 security constrained optimal power flow (SCOPF). Specifically, a tri-level model is proposed to analyze the CCP attack impacts, whereby the adversary coordinates a physical attack with cyber attacks to initiate and propagate post-contingency overload based on N-1 SCOPF. A methodology utilizing semidefinite programming (SDP) relaxation and primal-dual formulation is proposed to transform the tri-level model into a conic optimization, such that the model can be easily solved by SDP solvers. Case studies on the IEEE 14, 57, and 118 bus test systems demonstrate that the CCP attacks in power systems with N-1 security criterion are able to cause N-1-1 contingency and even trigger cascading failures. |
14,255 | Please write an abstract with title: Mars relay coordination lessons learned, and key words: Mars, Relays, Space vehicles, Propulsion, Laboratories, Space technology, Technology management, Interference, NASA, Testing. Abstract: The Mission Management Office at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory was tasked with coordinating the relay of data between multiple spacecraft at Mars in support of the Mars exploration rover missions in early 2004. The confluence of three orbiters (Mars Global Surveyor, Mars Odyssey, and Mars Express), two rovers (Spirit and Opportunity), and one lander (Beagle 2) has provided a challenging operational scenario that required careful coordination between missions to provide the necessary support and to avoid potential interference during simultaneous relay sessions. As these coordination efforts progressed, several important lessons were learned that should be applied to future Mars relay activities. |
14,256 | Please write an abstract with title: Anti-parity-time-symmetric integrated optical gyroscopes, and key words: Integrated optics, Sensitivity, Lasers and electrooptics, Laser stability, Gyroscopes, Optical sensors, Reliability. Abstract: Parity-time-symmetric optical gyroscopes are gaining interest for the enhanced sensitivity shown by exceptional points. The real splitting of anti-PT-symmetric gyroscopes is more reliable for stability and readout scheme than the complex splitting of parity-time-symmetric gyroscopes. |
14,257 | Please write an abstract with title: Gaussian Model for 3D Mesh Steganography, and key words: Three-dimensional displays, Solid modeling, Steganography, Payloads, Mesh networks, Task analysis, Probability density function. Abstract: Currently, mainstream 3D steganographic algorithms embed data through geometric modifications. To enhance the anti-steganalysis ability of such algorithms, we propose an additive Gaussian noise model for 3D mesh steganography. Our work starts with a theoretical analysis for correlations of vertex coordinate components. Based on this analysis, the whole embedding operation is decomposed into three independent tasks that target three vertex coordinate components, respectively. To obtain vertex-changing probabilities, we construct a payload-limited sender (PLS) problem aimed at minimizing the Kullback-Leibler divergence between the cover and stego mesh distributions for a given payload. Next, vertex coordinates are quantified so that the PLS problem can be solved in practice. Finally, a ternary embedding scheme is taken as a typical steganographic case. Although the proposed Gaussian model is simple and idealized, the experimental results demonstrate that our algorithm possesses the adaptivity and can achieve better anti-steganalysis performance at low payloads than most modern high-capacity 3D mesh steganography based on the geometric modification. |
14,258 | Please write an abstract with title: Understanding the Correlation Between Teacher and Student Behavior in the Classroom and its Consequent Academic Performance, and key words: Education, Computer science, Mobile handsets, Monitoring, Communication channels, Cellular phones, Internet. Abstract: This Innovate Practice Full Paper document presents a technological ecosystem for classroom management that we call GSA. GSA is meant to be used in any class/ of any subject/k-college and supports electronically mediated in class, engaging activities learning strategies to reduce dropout rates and create more learning opportunities. In the previous study, we interviewed 123 8th and 9th-grade students and 15 teachers who had been using the GSA for two weeks. The results were promising. An increase in the level of motivation was observed. Being able to mediate in real time, teacher/student interactions create opportunities to capture valuable data that can be used to feed performance/dropout predictors. In this paper, we discuss the introduction of these predictors and how they can be used to foster preemptive measures to mitigate the problem. |
14,259 | Please write an abstract with title: Watson and me: a life at IBM, and key words: Autobiographies, Engineering profession, History, Europe, Corporate acquisitions, Marketing and sales, Finance, Biographies, Writing. Abstract: An edited and slightly augmented edition of an article written in 1944 by Walter Dickson Jones. Jones describes his career from 1912 until his retirement more than 40 years later. He began in Cleveland, Ohio, as a salesman for the Tabulating Machine Company. This merged with other companies to form the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company (CTR), which 10 years later changed its name to IBM. Jones was the European general manager from 1930 to early 1934 when IBM Europe was headquartered in Paris. He ended his career as chairman of the board of IBM Canada. |
14,260 | Please write an abstract with title: Nano-CT imaging of electrically stressed power device metallization, and key words: Degradation, Resistance, Three-dimensional displays, Image resolution, Metallization, Imaging, Failure analysis. Abstract: In this paper, we show that nano-CT imaging can provide detailed information on the degradation that occurs in power device metallization during a fast PTC stress. Nano-CT imaging provides a high resolution, 3D imaging method to understand degradation mechanisms in packaged power semiconductor devices. |
14,261 | Please write an abstract with title: Study of the operational efficiency indicators of soil - protecting machine - tractor aggregates used for vertical mulching by importing organic matter in the soil, and key words: Soil, Agricultural machinery, Aggregates, Reliability, Software reliability, Energy efficiency, Agricultural engineering. Abstract: In Bulgaria, the soil - protection method of vertical mulching by importing organic matter in the soil can be applied by using two agricultural machines, namely a device for importing organic matter in the soil and a modified cutter-dead furrower ShtN-2-140 with a mulch hopper. The performance reliability of these machines is determined by a study of their operational efficiency indicators and the results of this study are presented in the current material. These results show that the two soil - protecting machine - tractor aggregates for vertical mulching by importing ready - made compost in the soil have good exploitation characteristics, which guarantee the timely performance of the agricultural operations on areas with various soil and terrain properties in our country. |
14,262 | Please write an abstract with title: A Review on Recent Machine Learning Applications for Addiction Disorders, and key words: Machine learning, Supervised learning, Ensemble learning, Deep learning, Addiction. Abstract: Constant contributions of Machine Learning (ML) technology in health sciences has extended to solve addiction disorders problems, whether to detect symptoms or predict risks and treatment outcomes. This article presents an updated review related to the application of ML techniques for addiction disorders, the selected works covered substance addiction (N=18 studies) and non-substance addiction (N=3 studies), and were divided into three categories prognosis, diagnosis, and predicting treatment success. To provide strong evidence about the potential of ML methods to accelerate early prevention and intervention, ultimately aiming to pave the way for further applications of ML approaches in this field. |
14,263 | Please write an abstract with title: Discrimination of Customers Decision-Making in a Like/Dislike Shopping Activity Based on Genders: A Neuromarketing Study, and key words: Electroencephalography, Support vector machines, Neuromarketing, Customer behavior, Decision making, Feature extraction, Classification tree analysis, Fractals, Wavelet coefficients, Brain models, Random forests, Nearest neighbor methods. Abstract: The present study considers the decision making of customers in a Like/Dislike task with respect to the gender of customers. The investigation is performed by recording electroencephalography (EEG) signal from 20 subjects that stimulated by displaying images of shoes. In the algorithm, the EEG signals were denoised by using artifact subspace reconstruction and independent component analysis methods. The Wavelet technique is then applied to attain five EEG frequency bands and, subsequently linear and nonlinear features were extracted. The extracted features includes linear features, namely the power spectral density and energy of wavelet; and nonlinear features, namely the fractal dimension, entropy, and trajectory volume behavior quantifiers. The meaningfulness of the features for identifying discriminative channels as well as frequency bands is considered by means of Wilcoxon Rank Sum statistical test. The identifications of Like/Dislike conditions were then facilitated by the Support Vector Machine, Random Forest, Linear Discriminant Analysis, and K-Nearest Neighbors classifiers. Results illustrated that higher frequency bands, the combination of theta, alpha, and beta, in Fp1, Fp2, F7, F8, Cz, and Pz regions was observed for female group. The most distinctive feature and classifier for the female group was the energy of the wavelet coefficient and RF classifier, respectively, that produced the highest accuracy rate of 71.51± 5.1%. In addition, the most distinctive features for males were sample and approximate entropy, as well as the Higuchi fractal dimension that with the RF classifier produced an accuracy rate of 71.33± 14.07%. The nonlinear features investigation revealed more involved brain regions in a Like/Dislike task than the previous studies. In addition, it is revealed that the Like decision-making happens earlier than Dislike. |
14,264 | Please write an abstract with title: Traditional DAS Technologies, and key words: Frequency division multiplexing, Long Term Evolution, Radio frequency, Poles and towers, Transmitting antennas, Wireless communication, GSM. Abstract: This chapter covers cellular technology at a very basic level, with particular emphasis on Distributed Antenna Systems (DASs). A DAS can be configured to support a variety of services, including cellular communications services, Wireless Local Area Networks services, Personal Area Networks services, radio frequency identification and Bluetooth beacon tracking services, Location‐Based Services, and generic Internet of Things sensor support services. Cellular systems make extensive use of "frequency reuse". Frequency‐division Duplexing is designed so that the transmitter and receiver operate using different carrier frequencies. Citizens Broadband Radio Service (CBRS) facilitated new approaches to use spectrum in the 3.5 GHz band in the United States by introducing a new regulatory framework for spectrum sharing. The CBRS band will be utilized both for mobile and fixed access. There is a practical preference for using fiber‐optic systems to connect a baseband unit and remote radio unit elements, rather than other connectivity arrangements. |
14,265 | Please write an abstract with title: Role of remotely-sensed observation of a shared border watershed in environmental management, Lebanon-Syria, and key words: Remote sensing, Environmental management, Water conservation, Decision making, Fabrics, Sampling methods, Sediments, Rivers, Geographic Information Systems, Information management. Abstract: The application of remote sensing (RS) for providing basic data for environmental decision-making is growing rapidly. Whilst such application is becoming more routine within national boundaries, there is greater difficulty in bilateral or multi-national policy formulation and management intervention. This paper gives an example on the el Kabir River Basin shared between Lebanon and Syria, focusing on inter-related environmental issues. The natural and anthropogenic fabric of the watershed is provided by RS and GIS which contribute to improve water quality by securing information for managing land effectively. The fabric includes both natural and anthropogenic aspects such as geology, drainage, soils, land cover/land use, roads, utilities, agricultural practice, etc. Evaluation of water quality is derived from four seasonal synoptic water sampling episodes and from a single sediment sampling programme taken during summer flow. Sediment is being analyzed for trace metals, whereas water is being analyzed for nutrients and bacteria, and characterized by temperature, TDS, pH and dissolved oxygen. It is clear that management and conservation should relate to land use practices and policies to assure sustainability. The impact on the basin communities implies that these communities be a part of both evaluation and decision making. This explains the approach which integrates institutional, geomatics and public participation aspects. It will ensure there is an environmental "conservation competency" leading, within a bilateral policy framework, to the communities themselves being self-regulating. This will aid in the provision of sustainability within water sharing needs to give a high quality of living to the inhabitants of the watershed. |
14,266 | Please write an abstract with title: Achievable rates for pattern recognition: binary and Gaussian cases, and key words: Pattern recognition, Computer aided software engineering, Probability distribution, System testing, Physics, Data engineering, Systems engineering and theory, Information theory, Data compression, Memoryless systems. Abstract: Recently we presented information-theoretic bounds for the achievable rates of pattern recognition systems operating under data compression constraints. In this paper we improve on our previous inner bound, and report progress toward finding formulas for the achievable rate region boundaries in the special cases where the pattern data is either binary or Gaussian |
14,267 | Please write an abstract with title: Numerical Exploration of Organic Liquid-filled Fibers, and key words: Optical fibers, Silicon compounds, Liquids, Microstructure, Liquid waveguides, Optical fiber filters, Nonlinear optics. Abstract: Hollow capillary and antiresonant fibers infiltrated with organic liquids of good transparency in the short- to mid-wave infrared are numerically investigated. We present liquid mixture-controlled dispersion and loss features governed by the the fibers’ microstructure. |
14,268 | Please write an abstract with title: MLP-Stereo: Heterogeneous Feature Fusion in MLP for Stereo Matching, and key words: Costs, Convolution, Image processing, Real-time systems. Abstract: CNNs’ strong inductive biases of locality and weight sharing provide powerful representation ability and data sample utilization efficiency. However, the weight sharing might smooth out the discrepancy between similar pixels, resulting in the wrong matching between left and right camera-image pair in thin structures region and repetitive texture region. In this paper, we propose a novel Heterogeneous Feature Fusion in MLP (HFF-MLP) for Stereo matching. It employs MLP structure and relaxes the weights sharing in the local spatial region. To this end, pixels in thin structures region and repetitive texture region are dealt with independently using the exclusive weights. Based on HFF -MLP module, we design a real-time network, i.e., MLP-Stereo. Experimental results show that our proposed HFF-MLP achieves competitive results on KITTI 2015 test dataset with the running time of 46 milliseconds. Furthermore, it performs much better than other real-time network in thin structures region and repetitive texture region. |
14,269 | Please write an abstract with title: Real-time human face detection in color image, and key words: Humans, Face detection, Color, Skin, Eyes, Facial features, Detectors, Face recognition, Computer architecture, Cybernetics. Abstract: In this paper, we employed a new approach to detect human faces in color images. A binary skin color map is firstly obtained by applying the skin/non-skin classification algorithm, and then the integral image representation is used to preprocess the skin and intensity map. Thereafter, the refined skin areas are selected from input image for further detection. In the next processing, an intensity distribution model, which can be calculated on integer image very quickly, is used to decide whether the selected skin area contains a face candidate or not. In the possible face areas a new approach is designed to locate eyes accurately. Based on the positions of eyes, the other facial features are located and then the geometrical information of all facial features is used to further verify human face. Experiment results show the proposed method can successfully detect the frontal human faces with a wide range of variations in color, lighting, scale and expression from color image with complex backgrounds. |
14,270 | Please write an abstract with title: Distributed Algorithms for Generating Loop-Free Routes in Networks with Frequently Changing Topology, and key words: Distributed algorithms, Network topology, Mobile communication, Routing, Broadcasting, Packet radio networks, Wire, Packet switching, Communication switching, Interference. Abstract: We consider the problem of maintaining communication between the nodes of a data network and a central station in the presence of frequent topological changes as, for example, in mobile packet radio networks. We argue that flooding schemes have significant drawbacks for such networks, and propose a general class of distributed algorithms for establishing new loop-free routes to the station for any node left without a route due to changes in the network topology. By virtue of built-in redundancy, the algorithms are typically activated very infrequently and, even when they are, they do not involve any communication within the portion of the network that has not been materially affected by a topological change. |
14,271 | Please write an abstract with title: Wavelet based efficient color image coding technique, and key words: Color, Image coding, Bit rate, Systems engineering and theory, Modeling, Streaming media, Concatenated codes, Karhunen-Loeve transforms, Sorting. Abstract: This paper proposes a wavelet based efficient and embedded color image coding technique. It extends the use of virtual set partitioning in hierarchical trees (VSPIHT) for color images. In this technique the coefficients of chrominance planes are linked together through composite trees having roots in the virtual LL band of luminance component. The virtual decomposition is performed in the luminance plane only. The simulation results show the improved performance of the proposed technique compared to the color SPIHT (CSPIHT) as well as the technique which uses virtual decomposition in each of the color planes. |
14,272 | Please write an abstract with title: Virtual-Impedance-Based Current-Limitation of Grid-Forming Converters for Balanced and Unbalanced Voltage Sags, and key words: Power quality, Voltage, Power electronics, Distributed power generation, Behavioral sciences. Abstract: Power electronic converters have limited overcurrent capability and therefore require current limitation during deep voltage sags. Since grid-forming converters exhibit voltage-source behaviour, a hard current limit may cause loss of synchronism and degrade grid-voltage support. Voltage sags are often accompanied by angle jumps, that pose additional challenges to current limitation and voltage support. In this work, we develop a current limitation strategy that instead of being tailored to a few selected scenarios, handles balanced and unbalanced voltage sags almost down to zero combined with phase angle jumps at any grid frequency. |
14,273 | Please write an abstract with title: Control Barrier Function-Based Persistent Coverage with Performance Guarantee and Application to Object Search Scenario, and key words: Drones, Silicon, Search problems, Cameras, Collision avoidance, Density functional theory, Monitoring. Abstract: In this paper, we propose a performance guaranteed persistent coverage control for a network of drones equipped with onboard cameras based on control barrier functions (CBFs). We first present a constraint-based controller for persistent coverage by combining the authors' previous work and the concept of time-varying CBFs. The controller is then proved to guarantee γ-level coverage performance. The presented controller is then applied to an object search problem with four specifications: persistent coverage (if an object is not detected), keeping the object inside of the field of view (if detected), collision avoidance, and prevention of battery exhaustion. We then propose a constraint-based controller by integrating constraints associated with all of these specifications, and an algorithm to solve the problem. We finally demonstrate the presented algorithm through experiments on a testbed. |
14,274 | Please write an abstract with title: Performance Evaluation of Parallel MPEG-4 Video Coding Algorithms on Clusters of Workstations, and key words: MPEG 4 Standard, Video coding, Clustering algorithms, Workstations, Video sequences, Video compression, Parallel processing, Research and development, Video codecs, Application software. Abstract: During the last decade a lot of research and development efforts have been made to design competitive video codecs for several kinds of multimedia applications. Some video encoders like MPEG-4 and H.264 exhibit a very high computational cost, particularly in the case of high quality video sequences. Then, it is very difficult to find software solutions that efficiently code high-quality video in real-time or faster. We propose and evaluate several parallel implementations of the MPEG-4 standard encoder on clusters of workstations. We have performed extensive experiments showing that coding speed can be improved to more than double real-time requirements, being coding efficiency the same than the one in the sequential version. |
14,275 | Please write an abstract with title: Senior healthcare testbed design and construction: focusing on the temperature control system, and key words: Industries, Temperature, Thermometers, Software algorithms, Medical services, Prediction algorithms, Temperature control. Abstract: Deep learning-based AI technology is bringing innovative changes in various fields, but the reality is that most of them rely on high-spec H/W, large-capacity storage, and the cloud. For this reason, it is challenging to apply deep learning technology in an embedded system environment, where it is practically difficult to use high-end devices. Therefore, it is necessary to apply low-power/low-spec lightweight AI technology. We study a system that predicts the optimum temperature considering the external climatic conditions using the KNN algorithm. Existing temperature control systems cannot control external variables such as humidity changes and sudden changes in temperature due to climatic factors because the optimal temperature is determined with only one thermometer sensor. Therefore, we want to improve the problem of the existing system by using the KNN algorithm. For learning the KNN algorithm, we obtained 10,000 climate data from 2020 to 2021 in Sokcho, Gangwon-do, Korea. The K-Value is 3, and the test accuracy is 97%. It can be further improved through iterative learning using advanced datasets. This study will be possible to secure embedded system-based embedded ai service and software engineering technology required for major industries by applying lightweight ai technology that can be operated independently. |
14,276 | Please write an abstract with title: Components Regulated Generation of Handwritten Chinese Text-lines in Arbitrary Length, and key words: Couplings, Adaptation models, Correlation, Text recognition, Image synthesis. Abstract: Generating readable images of handwritten Chinese text-lines is very challenging due to complicated topological structures in Chinese. To address this problem, we propose a components regulated model named HCT-GAN to generate the entire lines of Chinese handwriting from text-line labels. Specifically, HCT-GAN is designed as a CGAN-based architecture that additionally integrates a Chinese text encoder (CTE), a sequence recognition module(SRM), and a spatial perception module (SPM). Compared with the one-hot embedding, CTE learns the latent content representation by reusing the structure and component embedding shared among the Chinese characters. SRM provides sequence-level constraints to the generated images. SPM can adaptively constrain the spatial correlation between the generated components, which facilitates the modeling of characters with complicated topological structures. Benefiting from such artful modeling, our model suffices to generate images of handwritten Chinese text-lines in arbitrary length. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that our model achieves state-of-the-art performance in handwritten Chinese lines generation. |
14,277 | Please write an abstract with title: Quantum Interface for Telecom Ultrafast and Nanosecond Light Pulses, and key words: Bandwidth, Telecommunications, Broadband communication, Electrooptical waveguides, Photonics. Abstract: We experimentally show spectral bandwidth compression of broadband heralded single photons by two orders of magnitude, from 1.5 nm to 5 pm, increasing a photon flux through a 2 pm filter by a factor of 12. |
14,278 | Please write an abstract with title: An Artificial Intelligence-Based Pruning Algorithm Method for Optimal Operation Mode of AC-DC Hybrid Grid, and key words: Smart cities, Power supplies, Voltage, Power system stability, Circuit stability, Topology, Smart grids. Abstract: The ultra-high voltage DC tie line is equipped with a large-capacity supporting power supply. The coupling between its operation mode and the clearing results of inter-provincial power transactions is complex. Therefore, the intra-provincial and inter-provincial AC circuit power flow must be decoupled to ensure the construction of an equivalent DC topology. On the other hand, the section power flow and the stability limit are boundaries of each other, and the power flow interval division of some sections constrains the stability limit of other DC lines. These cross-section power flow interval constraints do not contain each other, and each constraint constitutes a separate optimization decision problem, so it is impossible to establish a unified mathematical programming problem to solve at one time. In this paper, the pruning algorithm is used to simplify the problem and ensure the rapid optimization and clearing of inter-provincial power transactions. |
14,279 | Please write an abstract with title: A Nucleotide-Position-Based Data Format for Fast Variant Calling and Its Hardware Analyzer Design, and key words: Circuits and systems, DNA, C++ languages, Software, Hardware, Decoding, Task analysis. Abstract: In this paper, we propose a file format, vBAM, to improve the performance of variant calling tasks. The vBAM format removes data irrelevant to variant calling and compresses base/quality information by positions to reduce data bits. Thus, the vBAM format takes shorter variant calling time and is smaller in size when compared to the conventional BAM/pileup files. Our C++ software supports BAM to vBAM conversion, vBAM decoding, and variant calling. We also implement an accelerator to shorten the computing time of decoding and calling stages. The hardware can achieve at least a 7.2X speed-up when compared to its software counterpart. |
14,280 | Please write an abstract with title: Distributed Convex Optimal Power Flow Model Based on Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers For Power Distribution System, and key words: Costs, Scalability, Industry applications, Power distribution, Distribution networks, Programming, Cost function. Abstract: The objective of OPF is to find an operating point for a network minimizing certain cost functions such as line losses or generation costs. In recent years, a significant rise in distributed generation (DG) penetration in the distribution network made the OPF problem a greater computational burden. As a result, the centralized OPF formulation is facing more challenges. In this paper a fully distributed approach has been proposed that utilizes the convergence proper of alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) and split the central OPF problem into small problems of regions. All the regional OPF problems are parallelizable and computationally cheaper than the centralized approach. The non-linear, non-convex AC-OPF problem in this approach uses SDP relaxation to convexify. The proposed approach is tested on the modified IEEE 123 bus system to prove it’s scalability. |
14,281 | Please write an abstract with title: An Exploration to the Measurement and Influencing Factors of lnformation Disclosure Quality of Listed Companies, and key words: Weight measurement, Correlation coefficient, Correlation, Linear regression, Companies, Tools, Security. Abstract: This paper selects four indicators from the perspectives of timeliness, accuracy, completeness and authenticity to construct a quality measurement scale for information disclosure of listed companies, assigns weights to indicators based on the Shenzhen Stock Exchange Information Disclosure Index, selects the financial disclosure information of 200 listed companies in 2018 for empirical analysis, and uses R and SPSS analysis tools to empirically verify the influencing factors of the quality of information disclosure of listed companies. Research shows that the quality of information disclosure of listed companies is significantly positively correlated with the rate of return on assets, and significantly negatively correlated with the growth rate of net assets. At the same time, this indicator has a certain correlation with the company size, asset-liability ratio, and the ratio of independent directors. |
14,282 | Please write an abstract with title: Nonlinear decision boundaries for testing analog circuits, and key words: Circuit testing, Analog circuits, Circuit faults, Neural networks, Extraterrestrial measurements, Artificial intelligence, Measurement errors, Costs, Test equipment. Abstract: A neural classifier that learns to separate the nominal from the faulty instances of a circuit in a measurement space is developed. Experimental evidence, which demonstrates that the required separation boundaries are, in general, nonlinear, is presented. Unlike previous solutions that build hyperplanes, the proposed classifier is capable of drawing nonlinear hypersurfaces. A new circuit instance is classified through a simple test, which examines the location of its measurement pattern with respect to these hypersurfaces. The classifier is trained through an algorithm that probably converges to the optimal separation boundary. Additionally, a feature selection algorithm interacts with the classifier to identify a discriminative low-dimensional measurement vector. Despite employing only a few measurements, the test criteria established by the neural classifier are strongly correlated to the performance parameters of the circuit and do not rely on a presumed fault model. |
14,283 | Please write an abstract with title: Designing a Serious Game for Myoelectric Prosthesis Control, and key words: Games, Usability, Electromyography, Prosthetics, Training, Rhythm, Sociology. Abstract: As an amputee, learning how to control a myoelectric prosthesis is a difficult task. One of the main issues with conventional, highly repetitive, rehabilitation methods is the lack of engagement and motivation of the patients that often leads to high rejection rates of the prosthetic device. This work proposes and implements a novel serious game design, improving previous work, as music-based app. The prototype was evaluated by seven able-bodied participants with regard system usability and engagement. Results suggest positive outcomes in motivation, but room for improvement in system usability. |
14,284 | Please write an abstract with title: Expanding and Refining a Decision-Making Competency Inventory for Undergraduate Engineering Students, and key words: Decision making, Instruments, Loading, Adaptation models, Correlation, Load modeling, Reflection. Abstract: This Full Research Paper discusses ongoing work to develop a survey instrument to reliably assess undergraduate engineering student self-regulated decision-making. This work focuses on a second round of item expansion and refinement to the Decision-Making Competency Inventory (DMCI) to develop items related to learning from past decisions. The refined instrument was distributed to first-year engineering students enrolled in a large, public, land-grant institution located in the southeastern United States in the Fall of 2018. Of the approximately 1,200 students in first-year engineering courses, 883 valid surveys were randomly split into two separate samples for exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). EFA results indicated a viable four-factor solution, which was explored with the CFA. The CFA results also indicated a four-factor model was appropriate. Improving this instrument will help researchers document and understand students' decision-making skills and how they relate to observed decisions like initial choice of major or change of major. A decision-making instrument will also be valuable in evaluating the effectiveness of interventions to help students build their decision-making competency and make adaptive choices. |
14,285 | Please write an abstract with title: CLIPPER: A Graph-Theoretic Framework for Robust Data Association, and key words: Runtime, Codes, Automation, Conferences, Noise measurement, Time complexity, Optimization. Abstract: We present CLIPPER (Consistent LInking, Pruning, and Pairwise Error Rectification), a framework for robust data association in the presence of noise and outliers. We formulate the problem in a graph-theoretic framework using the notion of geometric consistency. State-of-the-art techniques that use this framework utilize either combinatorial optimization techniques that do not scale well to large-sized problems, or use heuristic approximations that yield low accuracy in high-noise, high-outlier regimes. In contrast, CLIPPER uses a relaxation of the combinatorial problem and returns solutions that are guaranteed to correspond to the optima of the original problem. Low time complexity is achieved with an efficient projected gradient ascent approach. Experiments indicate that CLIPPER maintains a consistently low runtime of 15 ms where exact methods can require up to 24 s at their peak, even on small-sized problems with 200 associations. When evaluated on noisy point cloud registration problems, CLIPPER achieves 100% precision and 98% recall in 90% outlier regimes while competing algorithms begin degrading by 70% outliers. In an instance of associating noisy points of the Stanford Bunny with 990 outlier associations and only 10 inlier associations, CLIPPER successfully returns 8 inlier associations with 100% precision in 138 ms. Code is available at https://mit-acl.github.io/clipper. |
14,286 | Please write an abstract with title: A Metamaterial-Based Absorber for Liquid Sensing in Terahertz Regime, and key words: Sensors, Sensitivity, Substrates, Metamaterials, Refractive index, Resonant frequency, Liquids. Abstract: A metamaterial (MM) absorber and its application in liquid sensing are proposed in this article. The unit cell of the sensor structure consists of two quartz substrates with metallic patterns and sheets printed on their surfaces. The liquid tunnel with optimal thickness is created by placing the glass micro-pearls between the quartz substrates. By incorporating dual semitoroidal resonators, the enhanced spectral shift per refractive index unit (RIU) improves the sensitivity of the proposed design effectively, and sensitive frequency detection with 52.50 GHz/RIU is numerically demonstrated. Moreover, we experimentally demonstrate its application for determining ethanol and sucrose solutions with different concentrations and three commonly used oils. A good agreement with the experiments and simulations is obtained. In addition, the proposed sensor has the advantages such as compact size, easy fabrication, and reusability, which offers excellent potential in food industry applications. |
14,287 | Please write an abstract with title: The Bee-Identification Error Exponent With Absentee Bees, and key words: Error probability, Maximum likelihood decoding, Noise measurement, DNA, Upper bound, Electronic mail. Abstract: The “bee-identification problem” was formally defined by Tandon, Tan and Varshney [IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. 67, 2019], and the error exponent was studied. This work extends the results for the “absentee bees” scenario, where a fraction of the bees are absent in the beehive image used for identification. For this setting, we present an exact characterization of the bee-identification error exponent, and show that independent barcode decoding is optimal, i.e., joint decoding of the bee barcodes does not result in a better error exponent relative to independent decoding of each noisy barcode. This is in contrast to the result without absentee bees, where joint barcode decoding results in a significantly higher error exponent than independent barcode decoding. We also define and characterize the `capacity' for the bee-identification problem with absentee bees, and prove a strong converse for the same. |
14,288 | Please write an abstract with title: Spatiotemporal Modeling Method of Cyber-physical System Based on Object-oriented, and key words: Analytical models, Object oriented modeling, Petri nets, Vehicular ad hoc networks, Cyber-physical systems, Systems modeling, Real-time systems. Abstract: The Cyber-Physical System (CPS), which combines computing units and physical entities, is an extremely complex distributed real-time cyber-physical system. Aiming at the problems and challenges faced by its system modeling, this paper will focus on analyzing the time-space characteristic model of CPS, and propose to analyze and study CPS from the perspective of time and space. The physical entities in the model are abstracted into objects, then the objects in the model and their running processes are analyzed from the two dimensions of the attributes and operations of the objects. Combine CPS, Petri nets, spatiotemporal characteristics and object-oriented to form a new modeling idea-object-oriented spatiotemporal Petri nets (OOSPN). V2V technology vehicle dynamic analysis and optimization cases will be used to verify the effectiveness of the object-oriented spatiotemporal Petri net model. And draw the object model diagram of the Petri net of the case, which provides new ideas for the development of time-space characteristics analysis. |
14,289 | Please write an abstract with title: Heat generation in Nd:GdVO/sub 4/ crystal with and without lasing at 1.3/spl mu/m, and key words: Neodymium, Heat pumps, Power generation, Thermal lensing, Lenses, Fluorescence, Pump lasers. Abstract: In this paper, we present interferometric measurements of thermal lens effects in GdVO/sub 4/ crystal with and without 1.3/spl mu/m laser action. |
14,290 | Please write an abstract with title: Performance Analysis of the Objective Functions in IPv6 Routing Protocol for LLN’s used in IOT Applications, and key words: RPL, LLN, Objective Function, MRHOF, OF0. Abstract: The Internet of Things network consists of smart devices connected to each other and deployed in domains of Industrial Monitoring, Military, Automatic Meter reading, Environment, Home automation, Healthcare etc. The network here is classified as LLN (Low Power and Lossy Network) due to resource constraints and the noisy employment environment. The design of Routing Algorithm is a crucial factor governing the performance of LLN's. The RPL (IPv6 Routing protocol for LLN's), specially designed for LLN's, is proposed by IETF ROLL working group. This protocol aims to construct a Destination Oriented DAG using a set of parameters and constraints defined within the chosen Objective Function. The two standard OF's documented in this protocol are Minimum rank with Hysteresis Objective Function (MRHOF) and Objective Function zero (OF0). The selection of Objective Function during the network implementation impacts the formation of the DODAG and in turn influences crucial parameters like Power Consumption, Packet Delivery Ratio, Latency, Convergence time, Network Lifetime etc. This paper aims to evaluate the RPL performance with OF0 and MRHOF, using Contiki-2.7 OS based COOJA simulator, for light and medium density networks. The simulation results indicate that MRHOF out performs OF0 for networks up to 70 nodes with respect to Energy Consumption. Above 110 nodes performance of OF0 is seen to be comparable to MRHOF. |
14,291 | Please write an abstract with title: Silver Migration Model for Ag-Au-Pd Conductors, and key words: Silver, Conductors, Life estimation, Chemical analysis, Acceleration, Failure analysis, Trees - insulation, Glass, Life testing, Maximum likelihood estimation. Abstract: An acceleration model is presented for insulation failure between biased adjacent lands of a ternary Ag-Au-Pd alloy conductor paste on alumina substrates. The failure mechanism consists of silver diffusing in the form of tree-like dendrites through borosilicate glass overlays. Accelerated life test results, maximum likelihood estimation techniques, multiple linear regression analysis, and a previously proposed physical chemical model were used to derive the acceleration model. The activation energy of "dry" silver migration which was estimated to be 1.09 ±0.16 eV was in good agreement with previous studies of this Phenomenon.A comparison of reliability is made between this ternary alloy and a binary Ag-Pd alloy. The comparison shows the enhanced reliability of the ternary alloy, which may be due to the presence of gold in its formulation. |
14,292 | Please write an abstract with title: Temporal orders and causal vector for physiological data analysis, and key words: Protocols, Physiology, Time series analysis, Stability analysis, Estimation, Standards, Heart. Abstract: In addition to the global parameter- and time-series-based approaches, physiological analyses should constitute a local temporal one, particularly when analyzing data within protocol segments. Hence, we introduce the R package implementing the estimation of temporal orders with a causal vector (CV). It may use linear modeling or time series distance. The algorithm was tested on cardiorespiratory data comprising tidal volume and tachogram curves, obtained from elite athletes (supine and standing, in static conditions) and a control group (different rates and depths of breathing, while supine). We checked the relation between CV and body position or breathing style. The rate of breathing had a greater impact on the CV than does the depth. The tachogram curve preceded the tidal volume relatively more when breathing was slower. |
14,293 | Please write an abstract with title: Adaptive Deformation Control of a Flexible Variable-Length Rotary Crane Arm With Asymmetric Input-Output Constraints, and key words: Cranes, Constraint handling, Mathematical models, Adaptive control, Uncertainty. Abstract: This article constructs two adaptive control laws to achieve deformation reduction and attitude tracking for a rotary variable-length crane arm with system parameter uncertainties and asymmetric input–output constraints. Two auxiliary systems are given to deal with the input constraints, an asymmetric-logarithm-barrier Lyapunov function is established for achieving the asymmetric output constrains, and five adaptive laws are constructed to handle system parameter uncertainties. Besides, the control design is based on a partial differential equation model, and the S-curve acceleration and deceleration method is used for regulating the arm extension speed. Both the system stability and uniform ultimate boundedness of the controlled crane arm are analyzed. Simulation results validate the effectiveness of our established control laws. |
14,294 | Please write an abstract with title: Traffic Flow Modeling Using Available Cloud-Based Traffic Velocity Information, and key words: Detectors, Mathematical model, Data models, Road transportation, Boundary conditions, Predictive models, Radar. Abstract: Due to a constantly increasing interest in autonomous driving, the development of advanced driver assistance systems plays an important role in automotive industry. Current research activities try to include information on the current traffic situation, for example, to improve predictions or assistant functions and emphasize the need for more accurate traffic data. In this sector cloud services already offer basic information about the traffic state such as the current traffic speed. Since online traffic data is partly incomplete or availability cannot be guaranteed for every position, model-based approaches present an option to overcome this problem. Traffic flow models are a useful tool to reproduce traffic situations given the necessary initial and boundary conditions. Within the scope of this work, online traffic data is used to predict the mean traffic velocity for an upcoming road segment by means of a second-order partial differential traffic model. Using highway detector measurements for validation, it is shown that simulations provide meaningful results for traffic speed calculation. Thus, it is possible to predict traffic states spatially for an upcoming horizon. The benefit of this study is reflected in the ability to simulate traffic scenarios not only offline but also online using cloud-based data and consequently making it deployable for in-vehicle applications. |
14,295 | Please write an abstract with title: An Exponential Transform Based Dual-Layer Krylov Subspace Method for Computing Unstable Modes of Power Systems, and key words: Eigenvalues and eigenfunctions, Power system stability, Transforms, Mathematical models, Convergence, Sparse matrices, Stability analysis. Abstract: The detection and calculation of the rightmost modes are essential in the small signal stability assessment and control of power systems. This paper proposes an exponential transform based dual-layer Krylov subspace (DLKS) method for computing all unstable modes of power systems. Firstly, the exponential transform is introduced to map the unstable modes to the dominant modes outside the unit circle of the transformed spectrum. Then, based on the transformation, a Krylov decomposition is implemented to form the outer-layer Krylov subspace (OLKS) for solving the transformed dominant modes. In the process of forming the OLKS, the exponential matrix-vector multiplication (EMVM) needs to be solved. Next, combined with an accelerating convergence technique, the inner-layer Krylov subspace (ILKS) is formed to calculate the EMVM. Finally, four public source systems, namely the Xingo, Xingo6u, Juba5723 and Bauru5727 systems, are applied to verify the correctness and efficiency of the proposed method. Numerical experiments indicate that the proposed method can calculate all the unstable modes with high accuracy under the premise of ensuring calculation efficiency. |
14,296 | Please write an abstract with title: A Data Security Enhanced Access Control Mechanism in Mobile Edge Computing, and key words: Access control, Data security, Edge computing, Cloud computing, Data centers, Servers. Abstract: Mobile edge computing, with characteristics of position awareness, mobile support, low latency, decentralization, and distribution, has received widespread attention from industry and academia, and has been applied to application areas such as intelligent transportation, smart city, and real-time big data analysis. However, it also brings the new security threats, especially data security threats during data access that leads to unauthorized/unauthorized access, alteration and disclosure of data, affecting the confidentiality and integrity of the data. Therefore, access control, as an important method to ensure the security of user data during data access, began to be applied to mobile edge computing. However, the existing access control has the disadvantages of coarse-grain, poor flexibility and accuracy, lack of internal attack considerations, etc., which cannot meet the needs of data security in practical applications of mobile edge computing. In this paper, a data security enhanced Fine-Grained Access Control mechanism (FGAC) is proposed to ensure data security during data access in mobile edge computing. In FGAC, a dynamic fine-grained trusted user grouping scheme based on attributes and metagraphs theory was first designed. Secondly, the scheme was combined with the traditional role-based access control mechanism to assign roles to users based on user group credibility. And then, based on attribute matching the user authentication further verifies whether the user is allowed to perform the access operations to achieve fine-grained data protection. Experimental results show that FGAC can effectively identify malicious users and make group adjustments, while achieving fine-grained access control and assure the data security during the data access process in mobile edge computing. |
14,297 | Please write an abstract with title: Research on Movie Rating Prediction Algorithms, and key words: Motion pictures, Prediction algorithms, Radio frequency, Recommender systems, Matrix decomposition, Collaboration. Abstract: In the era of data explosion of movie and video websites, “informahon overload” and “information labyrinth” have brought serious troubles, but movie recommender systems can efficiently solve such problems. In order to solve these problems, we propose the RF that uses the users' activity and rating to select suitable experimental data and proved this method can efficiently reduce RMSE and MAE of various recommendation algorithms. On this basis, we propose the MCBF-SVD, which is a movie rating prediction algorithm based on explicit data and implicit data from movie datasets to predict the future ratings of movies from users with a certain degree of activity. Firstly, the MCBF-SVD uses weighting factors to discuss the impact of movie categories on predicting future rating behavior of users, and also improves the filtering method based on movie categories. Finally, the MCBF is combined with SVD algorithm which has good performance in CF. Compared with several existing algorithms, our MCBF-SVD greatly enhanced the accuracy of rating prediction, and improved the scalability and efficiency of personalized recommender systems. |
14,298 | Please write an abstract with title: Energy Storage Monitoring and Smart Energy Management System combining Wind and Solar Power Generation, and key words: Wind energy generation, Wireless communication, Renewable energy sources, Technological innovation, Wind energy, Solar energy, Wind power generation. Abstract: This paper is divided into data acquisition and analysis, intelligence solar tracking system, wind power monitoring and energy storage system. This paper uses LabVIEW as software development and network monitoring, and cooperates with the wireless transmission module to send the data back to the database for storage and analysis to complete the wind and solar energy storage monitoring system. The main purpose is to improve the problem of renewable energy transmitting power on power feeders, so that the data calculation of smart grid can achieve better accuracy. |
14,299 | Please write an abstract with title: Ultraviolet laser pulse amplification in Ce:LLF, and key words: Optical pulses, Pulse amplifiers, Laser modes, Pump lasers, Numerical models, Polarization, Electromagnetic wave absorption, Gain measurement, Chirp, Power system modeling. Abstract: Experimental and numerical modeling studies have been carried out in order to characterize the suitability of Ce:LLF as an amplifier medium for UV ultrashort pulses. The spontaneous lifetime, gain cross-section and absorption cross-section were measured for pumping at 248 nm. A sigma polarized transverse pump energy fluence of 1.3 J/cm/sup 2/ at 248 nm gave a single pass gain coefficient of 4.7 cm/sup -1/ at 308 nm (pi polarization) in a 7.5 mm long crystal. In order to assess application to a high intensity ultrashort laser system, a three stage Ce:LLF chirped pulse amplification system was numerically modelled. The results indicated that a 60 fs 20 /spl mu/J seed pulse could be amplified to an output energy of 800 mJ (after pulse compression), resulting in a peak power of 13 TW using 5.1 J of KrF pump energy. |
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