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15,400 | Please write an abstract with title: Aerodynamic Load Measurements at Hypersonic Speeds Using Internally Mounted Fiber-Optic Balance System, and key words: Aerodynamics, Velocity measurement, Strain measurement, Optical fiber sensors, Capacitive sensors, Intelligent sensors, Acoustic measurements, Optical fiber devices, Temperature sensors, Acoustic sensors. Abstract: This paper describes the measurement of aerodynamic loads using fiber-optic strain gauge sensors and associated signal processors at hypersonic speeds in the 300mm hypersonic wind tunnel. at the Department of Aerospace Engineering, Indian Institute of Science. Fiber-optic sensors have been developed in USA since 1990, for variety of applications in experimental stress analysis, skin friction measurement in fluid flows, smart structures, smart materials, sensing of acoustic emission and more recently in the development of compact devices for measurement of displacement, stress/strain, pressure, temperature, acceleration etc. Our group at llSc has been playing a lead role in the use of these fiber - optic sensors for successful measurement of aerodynamic loads in wind tunnels and the first ever six-component wind tunnel strain gauge balance in the world based on fiber optic sensors was built at the Indian Institute of Science in the year 1999. We report here the results of our efforts in the development of an internal strain gauge balance for high-speed wind tunnel applications. |
15,401 | Please write an abstract with title: Dynamic range optimization of weakly nonlinear, fully balanced, Gm-C filters with power dissipation constraints, and key words: Dynamic range, Constraint optimization, Power filters, Power dissipation, Nonlinear distortion, Active filters, Intermodulation distortion, Algorithm design and analysis, Signal analysis, Closed-form solution. Abstract: This paper presents an analytical algorithm for optimizing the dynamic range of continuous-time active filters under a fixed power dissipation constraint. Assuming weak third-order nonlinearities, we model distortion as a small signal disturbance of the linear solution and use linear techniques in the distortion analysis. Due to the generality of the formulation many important distortion phenomena can be described, e.g., the compression of the desired in-band signal due to large out-of-band interferers, intermodulation distortion, etc. Simple, closed-form expressions are derived for the noise and the distortion of the filter as functions of power dissipation. These expressions are used to optimize the noise, distortion and dynamic range, of the filter. The validity of the proposed algorithm is verified with simulation. |
15,402 | Please write an abstract with title: Mathematical Modeling of Manufacturing Systems, and key words: Manufacturing systems, Production, Mathematical models, Materials handling equipment, System performance, Parallel machines, Merging. Abstract: System modeling plays a critical role in the sustainable manufacturing system design and analysis. This chapter introduces the basics of manufacturing system modeling, followed by detailed discussions on some typical modeling approaches for simple two‐machine production lines and complex multi‐machine production lines. It introduces the fundamental components in a manufacturing system model and presents the mathematical descriptions of these components and their interactions. In general, a manufacturing system consists of two primary components: producing unit and material handling equipment. The mathematical models of machines and buffers are used to describe the system dynamics, that is, the system state transition over time. Aided by mathematical models of machines and buffers, the performance measures of a manufacturing system can be calculated and analyzed. The chapter provides an example to demonstrate the use of the iteration‐based method in system modeling and the steady‐state system performance approximation. |
15,403 | Please write an abstract with title: Methodological Approaches to Estimation of the Braking Energy Recovery Properties, and key words: Voltage measurement, Roads, Current measurement, Internal combustion engines, Estimation, Traction motors, Software. Abstract: The article discusses methodological approaches to assessing the regenerative braking of a vehicle. The main approaches to the efficiency of recuperation from the point of view of the relativity of the returned and consumed energy are presented. A test procedure is presented on a laboratory setup consisting of an internal combustion engine, a generator, a traction electric motor, a capacitor energy storage unit, a load simulation unit and a control and measurement system. Measurements and recording of currents and voltages were carried out using the L-Card system. The motion control of the laboratory hybrid setup was carried out using the CX-Drive software. The authors present the results of laboratory tests of recuperation. Studies have been carried out to assess the properties of energy recovery in road conditions on a serial hybrid vehicle. The integral values were used to determine the maximum and average braking regenerative power, as well as the energy recovered during the test. The results of evaluating the efficiency of recuperation for movement in urban conditions are presented. During the tests, braking was carried out at a speed of 44 km/h. The research results allow us to conclude about the efficiency of recuperation. A comparison is made between laboratory and road tests of energy recovery. The materials presented by the authors expand the existing methodology for assessing the performance properties of regenerative braking of vehicles with hybrid and all-electric motors. |
15,404 | Please write an abstract with title: Efficient electron emissions from printed CNTs by surface treatments, and key words: Electron emission, Surface treatment, Surface discharges, Fabrication, Carbon dioxide, Arc discharges, Diodes, Current density, Packaging, Electron tubes. Abstract: The fabrication of carbon nano-tube (CNT) emitters with excellent field emission properties is described. CNT clusters synthesized by arc discharge were crushed, mixed with conductive pastes and then screen-printed. In order to obtain efficient field emissions, the mechanical surface treatment was applied to the printed CNT films. The measurements carried out using a diode structure reveal that the electron emission of the surface-treated CNT films uniformly turned-on with a field as low as about 1.0 V//spl mu/m. The emission current density was about 5 mA/cm/sup 2/ at a field of 4 V//spl mu/m. The vacuum packaged panel without an evacuation tube showed a stable emission image with a high brightness. |
15,405 | Please write an abstract with title: A Product Quality Monitor Model With the Digital Twin Model and the Stacked Auto Encoder, and key words: Data models, Solid modeling, Quality assessment, Product design, Monitoring, Mathematical model, Digital twin. Abstract: With the development of intelligent manufacturing and computer science, the system of equipment in the workshop has become more and more complex. In the intricate environment, the state of device changes constantly, which could affect the accuracy of methods since they cannot adapt the changing context. Recently, Digital Twin (DT) has received great focus among academic world and industrial world, which provides a new normal form for solving problems. In this paper, the structure of DT is discussed and a DT and Stacked Auto Encoder (SAE) Based Model is proposed to monitor the product quality. Based on the classical structure of DT, the digital model of DT is further divided into two parts, a task-achieved part and a self-update part. The former that comprises an encoder network that is a part of SAE and an Artificial Neural Network (ANN)-based classifier could check whether products are qualified. And a decoder network, another part of SAE, and a parameters-update rule make up the self-update part that could detect the accuracy of the task-achieved part and retrain the neural networks as the accuracy is poor. Furthermore, a new loss function is put forward as a training criterion in order to magnify the tiny difference between input data and result. In order to emulate the changing environment, the experimental data are collected at two different points in time. The data are then input to the proposed model and two other traditional methods to test the ability of accuracy and the adaptability for changing context. The comparisons show that the proposed method has got improvements, especially in where the effect of working environment is significant. |
15,406 | Please write an abstract with title: Towards Robust Learning with Different Label Noise Distributions, and key words: Training, Degradation, Semisupervised learning, Robustness, Pattern recognition, Noise measurement, Labeling. Abstract: Noisy labels are an unavoidable consequence of labeling processes and detecting them is an important step towards preventing performance degradations in Convolutional Neural Networks. Discarding noisy labels avoids a harmful memorization, while the associated image content can still be exploited in a semi-supervised learning (SSL) setup. Clean samples are usually identified using the small loss trick, i.e. they exhibit a low loss. However, we show that different noise distributions make the application of this trick less straightforward and propose to continuously relabel all images to reveal a discriminative loss against multiple distributions. SSL is then applied twice, once to improve the clean-noisy detection and again for training the final model. We design an experimental setup based on ImageNet32/64 for better understanding the consequences of representation learning with differing label noise distributions and find that non-uniform out-of-distribution noise better resembles real-world noise and that in most cases intermediate features are not affected by label noise corruption. Experiments in CIFAR-10/100, ImageNet32/64 and WebVision (real-world noise) demonstrate that the proposed label noise Distribution Robust Pseudo-Labeling (DRPL) approach gives substantial improvements over recent state-of-the-art. Code is available at https://git.io/JJ0PV. |
15,407 | Please write an abstract with title: Practical control for improving power density and efficiency of the BLDC generator, and key words: Power generation, DC generators, Power supplies, Magnetic flux, Size control, Hybrid electric vehicles, Permanent magnets, Rotors, Synchronous generators, Optimal control. Abstract: This paper presents an advanced control technique for maximizing power density and efficiency of the brushless DC (BLDC) generator by using a linear tracking method and also suggests a sub-optimal control method in practical applications. In a generator of given rating, the weight and size of the system affect the fuel consumption directly; therefore, power density is one of the most important issues in a stand-alone generator. Conventional rectification methods cannot achieve the maximum power possible because of a non-optimal current waveform. The optimal control scheme to maximize power density and minimize machine size and weight in a nonsinusoidal power supply system has been derived, incorporated in a control system, and verified by simulation and experimental work. A new simple algebraic method has been proposed to accomplish the proposed control without an FFT, which is time consuming and complicated. |
15,408 | Please write an abstract with title: Larger value and SI measurement of the improved cryogenic capacitor for the electron-counting capacitance standard, and key words: Capacitance measurement, Cryogenics, Capacitors, Measurement standards, Bridge circuits, Standards development, NIST, Calibration, Stability, Electrical resistance measurement. Abstract: We report on several advances in the development of a cryogenic vacuum-gap capacitor C/sub cryo/, for use with the electron-counting capacitance standard (ECCS). First, we have increased the value by about a factor of ten, to 10 pF; this will both make the ECCS more useful as a commercial standard and also allows a substantial reduction in the relative uncertainty of the calibration of C/sub cryo/. Second, the capacitor's stability is excellent, with a relative drift less than 10/sup -9//hour. This stability is required for the third advance: we have succeeded in tuning the calculable capacitor, which allows us to make a measurement of SI units, without requiring us to fabricate the capacitor to have a precise value of C/sub cryo/. We demonstrate such a measurement, with an uncertainty of about 4/spl times/10/sup -8/. |
15,409 | Please write an abstract with title: Distribution-Adapted Model for Helpful Vote Prediction, and key words: Adaptation models, Predictive models, Sampling methods, Task analysis, Solid modeling, Loss measurement. Abstract: The number of helpful votes on a review is an essential indicator of how much impact the review has on other customers in electronic commerce. Therefore, predicting the number of helpful votes is an important task. Regression analysis and Tobit modeling are typical methods of prediction. Those methods come from the same initial assumption that the number of helpful votes follows a normal distribution on any dataset. However, the assumption is not usually confirmed, and the distribution of the helpful votes often follows other distributions. This paper proposes a framework for investigating the feasibility of building a model that predicts the number of helpful votes according to the distribution of the number of helpful votes. On top of that, considering the review age, we propose an adaptive window size sampling method to evaluate the model on review datasets sorted chronologically. The experimental results validated that the model adapting to the best approximate distribution gives a significant improvement compared to the baseline models. In addition, model evaluation using the adaptive window size sampling method has significant impacts on the performance on large datasets. |
15,410 | Please write an abstract with title: Analysis and Comparison of SP and S/SP Compensated Wireless Power Transfer System for AGV Charging, and key words: Wireless communication, Inductance, Analytical models, Conferences, Inductive charging, Voltage, Wireless power transfer. Abstract: Wireless power system is an excellent alternative for AGV charging. In order to choose a suitable compensation circuit for wireless power transfer system applied to AGV battery charging, two types of constant voltage output compensation, SP and S/SP topology, are selected and analyzed. The effect of mutual inductance, load and working frequency on the voltage gain is compared, respectively. The results show that S/SP is chosen as the compensation topology of the AGV wireless charging system as its voltage gain can be maintained relatively stable when the parameters change. |
15,411 | Please write an abstract with title: Graph Structure Extraction from Floor Plan Images and Its Application to Similar Property Retrieval, and key words: Computers, Annotations, Conferences, Layout, Transforms, Floors, Standards. Abstract: Floor plan images describe the layout of real estates. Although they provide essential information on properties for evaluating their value, they are intractable for computers due to various drawing styles owing to lack of standard formats. The purpose of this paper is to automatically transform a floor plan image into a graph that is well-structured and mathematically well-defined representation. This approach facilitates comparing and evaluating floor plans and can be applied to many systems handling floor plans. Our method achieves it with 92% accuracy. Furthermore, we show similar property retrieval using the extracted graphs as an example of possible applications. |
15,412 | Please write an abstract with title: Web Text Feature Extraction with Bean optimization Algorithm, and key words: Feature extraction, Optimization, Web mining, Sociology, Statistics, Text processing. Abstract: The Internet continues to grow at a phenomenal rate and the amount of information on the web is overwhelming. It provides us a great deal of information resource. Web text feature extraction is considered as the main problem in text mining. We use Vector Space Model (VSM) as the description of web text and present a novel feature extraction algorithm which is based on the improved Bean optimization Algorithm (BOA). This algorithm will greatly improve the efficiency of web texts processing. |
15,413 | Please write an abstract with title: Particle dynamics of sewage sludge dumping in the ocean, and key words: Oceans, Testing, Sea measurements, Acoustic scattering, Particle scattering, Coagulation, Laboratories, Counting circuits, Educational institutions, Blades. Abstract: The objectives of the study were to determine the rate of coagulation, the change in size distribution with time, and the equilibrium size distribution at different particle concentrations and turbulence. At a fixed mixing rate the initial coagulation rate is highest for the particle concentration of 1/50 dilution, steadily decreasing to 1/10,000. The time to reach an equilibrium size distribution is shortest for the 1/50 dilution and longest for the 1/10,000 dilution. The equilibrium size distribution series for 1/50 through 1/10,000 dilution will be presented. These experiments were conducted at up to four mixing rates in order to determine the effect of mixing on the parameters. A blade mixer and a Couette (double cylinder) mixer were used to determine the effect of different turbulent conditions. The settling velocity of flocs in sea water showed a wide range. The largest flocs had velocities of up to 0.4 cm/sec., but the smallest flocs had very slow settling velocities. |
15,414 | Please write an abstract with title: An Innovative Course Delivery Model for Industry-Master Programs – Presentation of a Case-Study at the University of South-Eastern Norway, and key words: Measurement, Industries, Analytical models, Computational modeling, Standards organizations, Companies, Data models. Abstract: This paper presents the teaching and learning model adopted in an industry-supported master program in Computer Science (MACS/MACSI) and discusses the importance of learning analytics to cope with the challenges posed by a delivery model where the courses run serially over 6 weeks (instead of running in parallel). This model was well received by the students, but calls for innovative pedagogical methods, where flexibility is particularly important for those students that are working in the partner companies. The long-term goal is to offer the same teaching and learning experience to both students and teachers, regardless of their location (on-campus or online), while offering an educational experience that is relevant both for the students and for their industry employers. |
15,415 | Please write an abstract with title: Road Traffic Vehicle Detection Method Using Lightweight YOLOv5 and Attention Mechanism, and key words: Convolution, Computational modeling, Roads, Object detection, Data models, Intelligent transportation systems, Testing. Abstract: With the rise in the number of vehicles on the streets, urban road problems are becoming more and more prominent. As the vehicle of the road subject, it is the subject of the problem of intelligent transportation system. In this paper, we discuss the vehicle detection problem in intelligent transportation system, and propose a lightweight YOLOv5 model combining SENet attention mechanism and depthwise separable convolution for the complex situation of vehicles in street video, such as vehicle occlusion, vehicle misdetection and vehicle omission. The feasibility and effectiveness of the method are verified by testing on UA-DETRAC and self-built vehicle dataset. |
15,416 | Please write an abstract with title: Acoustically actuated flextensional Si/sub x/N/sub y/ and single-crystal silicon 2-D micromachined ejector arrays, and key words: Biomembranes, Silicon, High K dielectric materials, Manufacturing, Reservoirs, Orifices, Two dimensional displays, Resists, High-K gate dielectrics, Chemical products. Abstract: We propose using two-dimensional (2-D) micromachined droplet ejector arrays for environmentally benign deposition of photoresist and other spin-on materials, such as low-k and high-k dielectrics used in IC manufacturing. Direct deposition of these chemicals will reduce waste as well as production cost. The proposed device does not harm heat or pressure sensitive fluids and they are chemically compatible with the materials used in IC manufacturing. Each element of the 2-D ejector array consists of a flexurally vibrating circular membrane on one face of a cylindrical fluid reservoir. The membrane has an orifice at the center. A piezoelectric transducer generating ultrasonic waves, located at the open face of the reservoir, actuates the membranes. As a result of this actuation, droplets are fired through the membrane orifice. Ejector arrays were built with either Si/sub x/N/sub y/ or single-crystal silicon membranes using two different fabrication processes. We show that single-crystal silicon membranes are more uniform in their thickness and material quality than those of Si/sub x/N/sub y/ membranes. The single-crystal silicon membrane-based devices showed thickness and material uniformity across all the membranes of an array. This improvement eliminated nonuniform membrane resonance frequencies across an array as observed with Si/sub x/N/sub y/ membrane-based devices. Therefore, it should be possible to repeatably build devices and to predict their dynamic characteristics. Using the fabricated devices, we demonstrated water ejection at 470 kHz, 1.24 MHz, and 2.26 MHz. The corresponding droplet diameters were 6.5, 5, and 3.5 /spl mu/m, respectively. |
15,417 | Please write an abstract with title: A Framework of Knowledge Management in Classroom Action Research on Cloud Computing for Pre-Service Teachers, and key words: Government policies, Cloud computing, Computational modeling, Tools, Knowledge management, Automobiles. Abstract: Thepurpose of this article was to design a framework of knowledge management in classroom action research on cloud computing for pre-service teachers. The research comprised two steps: 1) analyzing and synthesizing the relevant document and research study related to knowledge management in classroom action research on cloud computing for pre-service teachers and 2) designing a framework of knowledge management in classroom action research on cloud computing for pre-service teachers. Data were analyzed using content analysis. The results of this article were as follows: the framework consists of three components, namely 1) KM (SECI Model), 2) CAR Process and 3) Cloud-Based Tools. |
15,418 | Please write an abstract with title: Variability mechanism centric process family architectures, and key words: Computer architecture, Automotive engineering, Unified modeling language, Enterprise resource planning, Technological innovation, Power engineering and energy, Software systems, Systems engineering and theory, Process design, Consumer electronics. Abstract: In this paper we describe a variability mechanism centric approach for the representation of process family architectures, which act as the major blueprint for the implementation of families of process oriented software in process family engineering. We therefore analyze the role of variability mechanisms in process family architectures and define a set of variability mechanisms for process family architectures represented as a UML activity diagram. The variability mechanism centric approach for process family architecture modeling allows for representing explicitly and intuitively the variability in a process family architecture and supports the effective reuse of process family architecture parts for the process family members. Moreover, it allows to model the implementation of variability in the process family and thus to take into account the influence of the variability implementation on the non-functional properties of the process family during process family architecture design. Our approach thus supports a more model-driven variability implementation in process family engineering |
15,419 | Please write an abstract with title: Analysis of Group Distribution and Content Concentration for Packet Allocation in D2D Communication, and key words: Performance evaluation, Simulation, Conferences, Throughput, Device-to-device communication, Resource management, Indexes. Abstract: Among the many popular issues that have been identified in the area of device-to-device (D2D) based packet caching technologies, a new aspect related to the competitions between various D2D user equipment (UE) groups, is not fully studied. Hence, in this paper, we investigate a few key perspectives of the competitions among UE groups with respect to the packet allocation strategy. We first analyze the impact from diverse group proportions on the system throughput and the fairness of packet allocations. Particularly, the new concept of group separation index (GSI) is introduced to help reflect the fairness of system-level packet allocations. Then, we evaluate how the concentration levels of diverse packet requests may affect the packet allocation strategy. Finally, simulation results validate our analysis and show the potential of the proposed analysis method. The new approach can provide important design hints for improving existing D2D-based packet caching schemes. |
15,420 | Please write an abstract with title: Influence of circular-polarized waveguide radiator length on amplitude and polarization beam patterns, and key words: Polarization, Organizing, IEEE catalog, Waveguide transitions, Waveguide theory, Current, Lenses. Abstract: The change of amplitude and polarization patterns of the circularly polarized radiator in form of the open end of a circular waveguide in dependence on its length was studied experimentally with help of a rotating indication linearly polarized antenna. It is shown that if the radiator length is more than quarter-wavelength in free space, the characteristics of the waveguide radiator are approximately the same as for the half-infinite waveguide. |
15,421 | Please write an abstract with title: DenseTrans: Multimodal Brain Tumor Segmentation Using Swin Transformer, and key words: Brain tumor segmentation, convolutional neural networks, swin transformer, UNet++. Abstract: Aiming at the task of automatic brain tumor segmentation, this paper proposes a new DenseTrans network. In order to alleviate the problem that convolutional neural networks(CNN) cannot establish long-distance dependence and obtain global context information, swin transformer is introduced into UNet++ network, and local feature information is extracted by convolutional layer in UNet++. then, in the high resolution layer, shift window operation of swin transformer is utilized and self-attention learning windows are stacked to obtain global feature information and the capability of long-distance dependency modeling. meanwhile, in order to alleviate the secondary increase of computational complexity caused by full self-attention learning in transformer, deep separable convolution and control of swin transformer layers are adopted to achieve a balance between the increase of accuracy of brain tumor segmentation and the increase of computational complexity. on BraTs2021 data validation set, model performance is as follows: the dice dimilarity score was 93.2%,86.2%,88.3% in the whole tumor,tumor core and enhancing tumor, hausdorff distance(95%) values of 4.58mm,14.8mm and 12.2mm, and a lightweight model with 21.3M parameters and 212G flops was obtained by depth-separable convolution and other operations. in conclusion, the proposed model effectively improves the segmentation accuracy of brain tumors and has high clinical value. |
15,422 | Please write an abstract with title: Optimizing of Poynting vector and light intensity after secant gradient lens, and key words: Image motion analysis, Optical polarization, Surface waves, Optical vortices, Optical scattering, Lenses, Optical surface waves. Abstract: In this work, the focusing of a beam with circular polarization and a second-order phase vortex and a second-order cylindrical vector beam by a Mikaelian gradient lens were simulated. It is shown numerically that in the focus of these beams a region is formed where a projection of the Poynting vector on the Z axis is negative, therefore, there is a region with a reverse energy flow. By adding a cylindrical cutout to the output surface of the lens, optimizing it, and optimizing the height of the lens, one can get a focal spot where, unlike other previous works, the region with the reverse energy flow will not be at the local minimum of intensity, but at the maximum of intensity on the optical axis. That is, this lens can be used as an "optical magnet", attracting Rayleigh particles (with a diameter of 1/20 wavelength or less) to its surface. |
15,423 | Please write an abstract with title: Proceedings at one hundred and ninetieth ordinary general meeting, and key words: Micromechanical devices, Voting, IEEE Student Members, Gears, Business. Abstract: (President) in the chair. |
15,424 | Please write an abstract with title: Facial Expression Recognition Based on Hybrid Attention Mechanism, and key words: Training, Face recognition, Computational modeling, Neural networks, Feature extraction, Data models, Robustness. Abstract: With the rapid development of science and technology, facial expression technology is gradually applied to many aspects of human life. Through the research of facial expression recognition technology, this paper discusses the application of facial expression recognition in intelligence education. This paper presents a facial expression recognition model combining Attention Mechanism and Convolutional Neural Networks. This model combines channel attention and spatial attention, and can quickly find the places that need attention in the image. It extracts important features in the image according to the weight of information, weakens the useless information, improves the efficiency of network operation, and improves the drawbacks of traditional convolutional neural networks. CK+ dataset is used to cross-validation the model. The data is divided into training set and validation set in a 4:1 ratio. The samples are normalized first, then the normalized data is input into the model, and the validity of the model is verified by a comparison test. The experimental results show that the model proposed in this paper has better efficiency and robustness than other models, and can achieve better results in the actual situation and meet the actual needs of human beings. |
15,425 | Please write an abstract with title: Harmonic Reducer Performance Prediction Algorithm Based on Multivariate State Estimation and LargeVis Dimensionality Reduction, and key words: Harmonic analysis, Torque, Robots, Service robots, Wheels, Degradation, Life estimation. Abstract: As an important transmission component of industrial robots, the harmonic reducer determines the positioning accuracy, bearing capacity and service life of the robot end-effector. Predicting the performance can grasp the working status in advance and avoid major losses caused by uncertain factors such as component damage. The current paper focuses on a harmonic reducer performance prediction algorithm based on Multivariate State Estimation Technique (MSET) and LargeVis dimensionality reduction. Firstly, an accelerated life test platform is designed to collect multi-dimensional parameters that can characterize the operating state of the harmonic reducer throughout the life cycle. Afterwards, as far as the MSET method is concerned, the fault warning threshold is set according to the residual between the constructed memory matrix of the health state data and the actual observed value. Finally, utilizing LargeVis to reduce the dimensionality of multi-dimensional features, combining with Mahalanobis distance to construct a health index degradation model, and then selecting Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network to predict the downward trend of the harmonic reducer. The analysis of the accelerated life test data of the harmonic reducer demonstrates that the proposed method can send out the fault warning signal 18 minutes in advance in the sample with a life of 5.7 hours, and has a strong ability to predict the degradation trend of the harmonic reducer. |
15,426 | Please write an abstract with title: Sun-Glare region recognition using Visual explanations for Traffic light detection, and key words: Visualization, Technological innovation, Image recognition, Azimuth, Roads, Planning, Sensors. Abstract: In order to achieve automated driving on public roads, image-based recognitions such as object detection and traffic light detection are significant technologies to understand surrounding road situations. However, the automated vehicle might be faced severe situations for sensing due to heavy sunshine. If the image captured by the onboard camera is overexposed, the image information will be lost and there is a risk of false detection. In particular, in traffic light detection where the acquisition of color information is essential, if the front traffic light and the sun overlap during intersection driving, it will not be possible to make an appropriate intersection approach judgment. Therefore, this paper developed the method to recognize sun-glare regions in the image using visual explanations of Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). The CNN outputs an attention map using the Grad-CAM method, and then the global direction of the sun-glare region can be estimated by time-series processing. The developed method contributes to implementing robust image recognitions by estimating the direction in which visibility is reduced by sunlight such as direct sunlight and reflected light from buildings. |
15,427 | Please write an abstract with title: A Wearable Optical Fiber Wristband for Continuous and Accurate Blood Pressure Monitoring, and key words: Biomedical monitoring, Blood pressure, Optical fiber sensors, Optical fibers, Monitoring, Probes. Abstract: We present a wearable blood pressure wristband based on optical fiber probe with composite diaphragm. Clinical results show errors of systolic pressure and diastolic pressure are 0.24 ± 2.32 mmHg and 0.18 ± 2.48 mmHg. |
15,428 | Please write an abstract with title: Double Deep Q Network with In-Parallel Experience Generator, and key words: DDQN, deep Q-learning, IPE, reinforcement learning. Abstract: In this paper, an algorithm, for in-parallel, greedy experience generator (briefly IPE, In Parallel Experiences), has been crafted, and added to the Double Deep Q-Learning algorithm. The algorithm aims to perturbs the weights of the online network, and as results, the network, trying to recover from the perturbed weights, escapes from the local minima. DDQN with IPE takes about the double of time of the previous to compute, but even if it slows down the learning rate in terms of wall clock time, the solution converges faster in terms of number of epochs. |
15,429 | Please write an abstract with title: Robust Fuzzy Attitude Control of Sampled-Data Spacecraft with Actuator Saturation, and key words: Space vehicles, Attitude control, Actuators, Linear matrix inequalities, Digital control, Closed loop systems, Aerodynamics. Abstract: This paper is devoted to robust attitude control of spacecraft on the basis of Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy modeling and control techniques, where discrete-time sampled measurements, actuator saturation, and external disturbance are taken into consideration simultaneously. T-S fuzzy model is developed to describe the kinematics and dynamics of spacecraft. Based on T-S fuzzy model, a fuzzy sampled-data controller subject to saturation constraint is proposed to stabilize the attitude of the considered spacecraft. Moreover, -gain performance index is designed to deal with external persistent disturbance. On basis of convex optimization approach, the sufficient conditions for stability analysis and controller synthesis are presented in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Finally, illustrative simulation results are shown to demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the developed attitude controller. |
15,430 | Please write an abstract with title: Reliability of Human Running Analysis With Low-Cost Inertial and Magnetic Sensor Arrays, and key words: Sensors, Magnetic sensors, Magnetometers, Calibration, Reproducibility of results, Quaternions, Estimation. Abstract: In the last years, the use of inertial sensors has increased due to their time efficiency and portability. This paper introduces a low-cost inertial system for gait and running analysis embedded on running tights, S-Move, designed with an open-source orientation estimation algorithm. Calibration and misalignment correction procedure are presented, as well as methods and algorithms that automatically assess mean stride kinematics and spatiotemporal parameters. The main objective of this study was to validate S-Move reliability through comparison of its repeatability with a commonly used optoelectronic device for angular kinematic stride and an instrumented treadmill for spatiotemporal parameters. Thirty subjects performed three sessions of walking and running being alternatively equipped by two operators. To analyze repeatability of devices, multivariate ANOVAs were performed on the measured differences between sessions. Direct comparisons between devices were also conducted. Devices comparison showed that both devices presented a moderate absolute reproducibility – between 2 and 10° – and a very good relative (after mean suppression) reproducibility – max. 4.5°. A non-negligible measure difference between systems was observed but it could not be attributed to the lack of accuracy of one device. Regarding spatiotemporal parameters, treadmill measurement was very reproducible – about 2%. S-Move reproducibility and accuracy was similar on temporal parameters but lower on spatial parameters – about 5%. However, accuracy was concordant with other studies using inertial devices. Finally, this study showed that accessible, embeddable and automatic gait and running analysis is suitable for sports performance analysis and rehabilitation is possible, at very low costs. |
15,431 | Please write an abstract with title: Real-time Battery Cell Voltage Measurement Method Using LC Series Circuit Type Cell Voltage Equalizer, and key words: Batteries, Voltage measurement, Equalizers, Monitoring, Real-time systems, Capacitors, Integrated circuit modeling. Abstract: Cell voltage equalizers are required in order not to be reduced the capacity of the batteries applied to electric vehicles (EVs) and other energy storage systems (ESSs). The author has proposed an LC series circuit type cell voltage equalizer which can reduce the cell voltage imbalance with higher efficiency. The proposed equalizer also can reduce the number of energy storage elements which are used in the equalizer such as inductor and capacitor. Meanwhile, not only a cell voltage equalizer but also a cell voltage monitor is essential to the batteries for their safe operation. By monitoring the cell voltage, it is possible to watch the state of ESSs and quickly detect their abnormality operation. This paper proposed a real-time battery cell voltage monitoring method using the proposed equalizer. The effectiveness of the method was verified by simulations and experiments, and the results presented that the proposed method could estimate each battery cell voltage with high accuracy. |
15,432 | Please write an abstract with title: Vehicle Yaw Rate and Sideslip Estimations: An Application for Comparative Analysis of a MIMO Youla Controller Output Observer, Linear and Nonlinear Kalman Filters, and Kinematic Computation, and key words: Mathematical model, Tires, Kalman filters, Accelerometers, Observers, Bicycles. Abstract: To reveal the benefits of a newly developed estimation technique Youla Controller Output Observer (YCOO) [1], this paper provides a comparative study a MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) YCOO and various types of Kalman Filters, such as (Linear) Kalman Filter (LKF), Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) and Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF), in estimating yaw rate and sideslip of a vehicle. We compare how each estimation technique performs and test the robustness of these estimators under plant parameters and environmental uncertainties, such as vehicle mass and tire-road coefficient of friction variations. We consider realistic situations such as sensor bias, and provide analysis and potential solutions for YCOO when dealing with these practical problems. |
15,433 | Please write an abstract with title: Determination of the Gate Breakdown Mechanisms in p-GaN Gate HEMTs by Multiple-Gate-Sweep Measurements, and key words: Logic gates, Junctions, Pins, MODFETs, HEMTs, Electric breakdown, Wide band gap semiconductors. Abstract: In this work, we studied the gate breakdown (BD) mechanisms of p-GaN gate AlGaN/GaN HEMTs by a novel multiple-gate-sweep-based method. For the first time, three different BD mechanisms were observed and identified separately in the same devices: the metal/ p-GaN junction BD, the p-GaN/AlGaN/GaN junction BD, and the passivation-related BD. This method is an effective method to determine the BD mechanisms. The different BD mechanisms were further confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Finally, the temperature dependences of the three BD mechanisms were measured and compared. This analysis method was also employed in the devices with a different passivation material and showed its applicability. |
15,434 | Please write an abstract with title: A Comprehensive I/O Knowledge Cycle for Modular and Automated HPC Workload Analysis, and key words: Bridges, Prototypes, Cluster computing, Parallel processing, Optimization, Anomaly detection, Software development management. Abstract: On the way to the exascale era, millions of parallel processing elements are required. Accordingly, one major chal-lenge is the ever-widening gap between computational power and underlying I/O systems. To bridge this gap, I/O resources must be used efficiently, thus a profound I/O knowledge is required. In this work, we analyze state-of-the-art approaches that can be applied to improve the general I/O understanding and performance. Based on our analysis, we present an automated, modular, tool-agnostic I/Oanalysis workflow and a prototype implementation that can be used to generate, extract, store, analyze, and use I/O knowledge in a structured and reproducible way. |
15,435 | Please write an abstract with title: Current density reconstruction with multi-scale grid approach, and key words: Current density, Electroencephalography, Inverse problems, Magnetic heads, Brain modeling, Biomedical engineering, Biomedical measurements, Testing, Current measurement, Magnetic field measurement. Abstract: The computational cost of solving an electroencephalographic (EEG) or magnetoencephalographic (MEG) inverse problem is extremely high due to the inversion of a matrix configured with a priori information. The matrix size is proportional to the number of points in source grid. We present a multi-scale grid approach to solve the inverse problem using FOCUSS algorithms which is one of the current density reconstruction (CDR) methods and tested the algorithm with simulated EEG data. The multi-scale grid approach dramatically reduces grid points without loss of the resolution. |
15,436 | Please write an abstract with title: Inference of Simulation Models in Digital Twins by Reinforcement Learning, and key words: Costs, Digital twin, Prototypes, Reinforcement learning, Model driven engineering, Libraries, Complexity theory. Abstract: The typical optimization and control activities of Digital Twins are driven by high-performance simulators. Due to the significant complexity of systems subject to digital twinning, constructing simulators of appropriate details is a costly and error-prone endeavor. To alleviate these problems, we propose an approach for inferring simulation models of Digital Twins by machine learning. Instead of learning the simulation model of one specific simulator, we aim at learning their construction process. This generality enables reusing the inferred knowledge in different (but congruent) Digital Twin settings. To achieve this level of generality, we propose the Discrete Event System Specification (DEVS) formalism for capturing simulation models; and reinforcement learning (RL) for inferring DEVS models. In this paper, we explore the opportunities and challenges in combining these two techniques. |
15,437 | Please write an abstract with title: Teaching Application of Economic Management Course based on Modern Information Technology, and key words: Economics, Technological innovation, Statistical analysis, Education, Employment, Market research, Internet. Abstract: Information technology is a kind of compound initiative element. Nowadays, people have generally affirmed the important position of information technology. As a powerful means, it has led education to a new revolution. In the current trend of rapid development of information technology, how to combine with education to improve the practical ability, application ability, independent ability and innovation ability of economic management talents has become the focus of all major education practitioners. Using the methods of literature research, document investigation and statistical analysis, this paper puts forward the key elements of the integrated application of information technology and economic management course from the theoretical and practical aspects, and systematically discusses the relationship between the methods, steps, implementation of information technology and the teaching purpose of the subject. |
15,438 | Please write an abstract with title: Quantum Radiating Arrays and Their Directivity: A Dynamical Open System Approach, and key words: Quantum mechanics, Antenna theory, Quantum dots, Dipole antennas, Couplings, Directive antennas, Qubit. Abstract: We investigate the directive properties of radiating quantum antennas comprised of coupled two-level (qubit) systems interacting with bosonic modes and excited by classical fields. A directivity formula inspired by classical antenna theory is proposed. The density operator of a coupled two-level quantum dot (qubit) array, excited by classical external signals with variable amplitude and phase, is evolved in time using the Gorini–Kossakowski–Sudarshan–Lindblad master equation. We illustrate the method in a numerical example where it is shown that manipulating the phase excitations of individual quantum dots may significantly enhance the directive radiation properties of the quantum dot antenna system. |
15,439 | Please write an abstract with title: Scuba diving in polluted coastal waters, and key words: Cities and towns, Fires, Water pollution, Laboratories, Sea measurements, Pathogens, Pediatrics, Oils, Humans, Concrete. Abstract: During the summer of 1982, 17 of 40 New York City Fire Department scuba divers developed gastrointestinal symptoms following training dives in polluted coastal waters. Purged stool exams revealed 8 cases of pathogenic enteric protozoa infection. Parastic infection was significantly associated with symptomatic illness (p .005) and longer duration of symptoms (p .005). Pathogenic parasites were also associated with an increased number of dives. High volume water sampling at the main training site revealed the presence of G. lamblia and E. histolytica - like cysts, as well as numerous other human, canine, and rodent parasites. This is the first report of enteric parasitic infection associated with scuba diving in sewage-contaminated coastal waters. Divers who must enter polluted waters should wear protective equipment to minimize oral contact with water. Physicians caring for these divers should be aware of the potential pathogens found in polluted waters. |
15,440 | Please write an abstract with title: Voltage Reliability Improvement of Grid Connected Three Phase Induction Motor, and key words: Industries, Induction motors, Voltage fluctuations, Velocity control, Bridge circuits, Converters, Power system stability. Abstract: Induction motor is robust and simple in construction; it can operate in any environment condition so induction motor is a reliable choice in industry for electromechanical device. They found a wide range of application due to its durable design, low maintenance cost and wide range of load carrying capacity. As the application of induction motor in industry is increasingly widespread, it is very important to use floating H Bridge convertors to challenge and solve the problem related grid connected induction motor. Textile mills, compressors and hundreds of fans are common industrial applications of induction motor. Motor starting on heavy load or poor grid system can causes damage to induction motor as well as fluctuation of voltage. Under no load condition or steady operating condition induction motor draws reactive lagging current which varies the grid voltage that reduces motor operating efficiency. This paper contains floating capacitor H bridge convertor as series voltage compensation to improve steady state operation as well as efficiency of induction motor by controlling the motor voltage above and below the grid voltage so it is possible to achieve improved operating lifetime expectancy. In simulation, proposed method is introduced and experimental results are presented. |
15,441 | Please write an abstract with title: Design and Implementation of Multiport Energy Routers Toward Future Energy Internet, and key words: Erbium, Low voltage, Hybrid power systems, Power transformer insulation, Voltage control, Pulse width modulation, Prototypes. Abstract: This article presents a hybrid ac/dc system constructed by multiport energy routers (MERs), which have potential application prospects in future energy Internet. Two typical types of MER in the system are studied, and the selected main circuits are easy to realize multiple forms of power supply with high reliability, plug-and-play access of distributed generations, and high expansibility of power ports. The corresponding control and protection systems are developed to ensure the regular operation of MERs, and a smart energy management scheme is presented for the power flow management of MERs to meet the expectations of power consumers. Two MER prototypes are implemented, of which the experimental results validate the correctness of parameter design and the effectiveness of the control and energy management strategies, showing the satisfactory performance of MERs. |
15,442 | Please write an abstract with title: A study on the variation of effective CTE of printed circuit boards through a validated comparison between strain gages and Moire/spl acute/ interferometry, and key words: Printed circuits, Capacitive sensors, Interferometry, Electronic packaging thermal management, Strain measurement, Thermal expansion, Soldering, Assembly, Electrical resistance measurement, Electric resistance. Abstract: The effective coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of printed circuit boards (PCBs) have a great deal of influence on the reliability of solder joints in microelectronic packages. In this paper we carryout a systematic characterization of nineteen circuit board samples using strain gages, further validated by moire/spl acute/ interferometry, to understand the impact of CTE variation on the reliability of solder joints. It is shown that the measured effective coefficient of thermal expansion varied in a wide range by as much as 5 PPM about the commonly used value of 17 PPM. This is shown to cause a significant reliability impact for a representative plastic ball grid array package assembly. The comparison between strain gage and moire/spl acute/ interferometry showed good overall correlation, but differed from each other by as much as 2.73 parts per million (PPM). The possible sources of error in each technique are identified and discussed. |
15,443 | Please write an abstract with title: Hierarchical Control of Heterogeneous Inverter Air-Conditionings for Primary Frequency Regulation, and key words: Frequency control, Atmospheric modeling, Inverters, Time-frequency analysis, Clustering methods, Power demand, Mathematical model. Abstract: The expanding penetration of renewable generation challenges system frequency regulation with short-term power-demand mismatches and reduced system inertia. This paper presents a hierarchical control strategy which use inverter air-conditionings (IACs) for primary frequency regulation (PFR). Considering the heterogeneity of IACs, a clustering method is proposed to divide different types of IACs into different clusters to control. Thus, the proposed control system consists of a central controller, clusters and IACs. The cluster sends information of setpoint and frequency responsive band to the IACs. A random number generation method is proposed to trigger IACs to implement PFR, where decentralized control is adopted to help realize a fast response. A corresponding recovery method is presented to restore the IACs to the initial operating state quickly and stably. Dynamic simulations verify the effectiveness of the control strategy. |
15,444 | Please write an abstract with title: Region-based Non-local Operation for Video Classification, and key words: Training, Convolution, Stacking, Benchmark testing, Pattern recognition, Convolutional neural networks, Optimization. Abstract: Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) model long-range dependencies by deeply stacking convolution operations with small window sizes, which makes the optimizations difficult. This paper presents region-based non-local (RNL) operations as a family of self-attention mechanisms, which can directly capture long-range dependencies without using a deep stack of local operations. Given an intermediate feature map, our method recalibrates the feature at a position by aggregating the information from the neighboring regions of all positions. By combining a channel attention module with the proposed RNL, we design an attention chain, which can be integrated into the off-the-shelf CNNs for end-to-end training. We evaluate our method on two video classification benchmarks. The experimental results of our method outperform other attention mechanisms, and we achieve state-of-the-art performance on the Something-Something V1 dataset. The code is available at: https://github.com/guoxih/region-based-non-local-network. |
15,445 | Please write an abstract with title: Task Priority Control for the HPX Runtime System, and key words: Task analysis, Runtime, Message systems, Synchronization, Programming, C++ languages, Computational modeling. Abstract: High Performance ParalleX (HPX) is one of taskbased programming and execution models, which provides a C++ class library to describe tasks and their dependencies, and also a runtime system for task-based distributed-memory parallel computing. In the original HPX mechanism, the execution of some critical tasks might be delayed by executing other noncritical tasks. This paper hence proposes to incorporate task priority control into the HPX runtime system. First, this paper discusses use of multiple thread pools to prioritize critical tasks. The waiting time of critical tasks is reduced by assigning critical tasks to a dedicated thread pool that is different from the thread pool for non-critical tasks. Second, this paper discusses how to assign worker threads to processor cores. A different number of worker threads are associated with each thread pool, and then mapped to processor cores so as to mitigate the load imbalance among the NUMA domains. In this paper, the performance of the proposed mechanism is evaluated using two task-based applications and three different scales of NUMA systems. The evaluation results clearly demonstrate that the proposed mechanism can improve the performance of HPX applications by successfully prioritizing critical tasks and also reducing the load imbalance of the NUMA domains. |
15,446 | Please write an abstract with title: Review of Studies and Operational Experiences of PV Hosting Capacity Improvement by Smart Inverters, and key words: Reactive power, Inverters, Voltage control, Substations, Conferences, Absorption, Power generation. Abstract: This paper presents a review of case studies and operational experiences of smart inverters in increasing hosting capacity in real distribution systems, worldwide. The phenomenal increase in penetration of solar PV systems has caused several grid integration challenges. Overvoltage due to active power injection by solar PV systems is a prominent factor that restricts hosting capacity of PV systems in distribution networks. Smart inverter functions on PV inverters have been shown to obviate this challenge and enhance hosting capacity. This paper presents a comparative evaluation of different smart inverter functions such as constant power factor, volt-var, and volt-watt in improving hosting capacity. Key takeaways from various simulation studies and operating experiences of smart inverters in actual distribution systems across the world are described. This paper provides useful insights to utilities in understanding the impact of smart inverters for improving PV hosting capacity in their distribution systems. |
15,447 | Please write an abstract with title: Estimating hydro state of charge profiles for large-scale nodal and zonal pricing models using a heuristic approach, and key words: Renewable energy sources, Analytical models, Costs, Computational modeling, Europe, Pricing, Generators. Abstract: The power system is undergoing major restructuring in order to decarbonize the electricity generation. Therefore, it is becoming an increasingly important task to explore alternative market designs for the European electricity market design as nodal pricing. In order to do so, it is necessary to solve large-scale optimal power flow (OPF) problems, which are computationally intensive and need to be sequentialized. In this context, myopic foresight and the seasonality of hydro storages becomes a modeling issue that needs careful addressing. In order to address these challenges, in this work, a two stage heuristic is proposed to obtain hydro state of charge profiles for large-scale nodal and zonal models. Initial profiles are obtained from a spatially aggregated zonal model and are used as guidance for a sequentialized soft-constrained nodal modal with high spatial resolution. The resulting state of charge profiles are assessed against hydro modeling methods proposed in literature and perform well also under scenarios of high congestions because of the short-term flexibility of the proposed method. On a long timescale, following the zonal input profiles leads to good results also for the nodal model. The obtained state of charge profiles are used to perform a redispatching case study to demonstrate the applicability to comparative nodal vs. zonal studies. Computational results show that the nodal model leads to 2.5% lower system costs than the zonal model when redispatching is considered. |
15,448 | Please write an abstract with title: Alternate Minimizations for an Approximate Solution of General Systems of Linear Algebraic Equations, and key words: Linear systems, Directive antennas, Minimization, Computational efficiency, Iterative methods, Electromagnetics. Abstract: A special kind of a functional associated with a general linear system of equations, which allows not only to minimize the value of the functional but also the distance to the solution point, is used for an efficient computation of an approximate solution of the system. A formula is derived for the minimization of the distance to the solution point. The two types of minimization are applied alternately to approach the solution. This simple method gives satisfactory results even for poorly conditioned systems. |
15,449 | Please write an abstract with title: A Lightweight Waterproof Casing for an Aquatic UAV using Rapid Prototyping, and key words: Seals, Buoyancy, Unmanned aerial vehicles, Propellers, Force, Rapid prototyping. Abstract: Aquatic unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are a unique type of UAVs which have the ability to operate in both air and water. However, the vastly different medium properties of air and water pose significant challenges to the design of such vehicles. One of these is the contradicting requirement of minimising weight in air while ensuring that the vehicle is sufficiently dense to obtain near neutral buoyancy in water. In addition, being submerged requires the vehicle to be adequately waterproof, which will inevitably contribute to a significant portion of the vehicle's weight and volume. Here, we look into the design and manufacturing of such a waterproof casing for a proposed aquatic UAV design. Rapid prototyping using low cost desktop 3D printers was used to develop and produce a customised hull casing with complex geometry for the vehicle. Through the use of different materials, printing methods, and hardware design to seal the access openings, a small lightweight casing can create a waterproof hull while achieving the desired vehicle dynamics in both mediums. |
15,450 | Please write an abstract with title: Key-based melody segmentation for popular songs, and key words: Music information retrieval, Content based retrieval, Filters, Probes, Humans, Spirals. Abstract: In music theory, a key specifies the tonal structure of a music piece. Popular songs are mostly composed using particular music keys. It is common that the key changes at some point of the piece for an emotional uplifting effect. The change is usually in pitch of the tonic rather than in key style. Automatically segmenting melody based on the key changes can facilitate content-based music retrieval. Little work has been done for this problem. In this paper, we present a novel approach for detecting multiple keys and locating the key boundaries in the melody of popular songs in MIDI format. A tonality analysis of the melody using diatonic scale model first extracts overlapping segments of the melody that each conforms to the tonal structure of a single key. A modality (key style) analysis then determines the center mode of the melody based on the modes of the extracted melody segments. The segments of unrelated modes are then eliminated, and finally the keys and the key boundaries are determined by grouping remaining segments according to the pitch of the tonic. The proposed method is not confined to the two key styles, major and minor, as the previous techniques. Thus, this method is effective for detecting key changes and insensitive to the presence of accidental notes. Experimental results on 50 randomly selected MIDI songs have demonstrated the performance of the proposed method. |
15,451 | Please write an abstract with title: The Future Direction of Bridge Seismic Research - Intelligence and Resilience, and key words: Bridges, Technological innovation, Smart cities, Transportation, Maintenance engineering, Internet, History. Abstract: Bridge is the hinge of transportation system and the important component of lifeline project. the seismic research on which has always been the focus of attention. In recent years, advances in science and technology and changes in design concepts have also brought about innovations in seismic design of bridges. Firstly, in the actual stages of design, operation, maintenance, the work will become more efficient and the seismic performance of the actual bridge will be higher, showing a higher intelligence. Secondly, the seismic design also needs to take into account the recoverability after the earthquake, avoiding the long-term interruption of the function, that is, the resilience of the bridge seismic design. From these two perspectives, this paper reviews the history of bridge seismic research and the work to be improved. Finally, the future of bridge seismic research is rationally considered. |
15,452 | Please write an abstract with title: Optimization of efficiency of deep reflectors, and key words: Dipole antennas, Frequency, Wire, Bandwidth, Antenna measurements, Hafnium, Feeds, Resonance, Current distribution, Gain measurement. Abstract: Maximum efficiency for a given feed size is obtained if the resultant field from the feed matches in the conjugate sense the incident field at the aperture of the feed. A previous study of shallow reflectors shows that the mode composition required to achieve a good match can be obtained analytically. Graphic computer techniques used to study deep reflectors are discussed. |
15,453 | Please write an abstract with title: Math Word Problem Solver Based on Text-to-Text Transformer Model, and key words: Deep learning, Education, Transformers, Mathematical models, Problem-solving. Abstract: In recent years, automatic problem solving for math-ematical words has attracted increasing attention. Therefore, algorithms developed for solving mathematical word problems like humans are a key technology to facilitate the development of digital education. In this paper, a deep learning model based on a text-to-text conversion model is proposed to solve mathematical word problems. The deep learning model treats each mathematical word problem as a “text-to-text” problem, i.e. taking a text as input and producing a new text as output. However, the output text appears in the form of a mathematical expression. In our experiments, this paper evaluates a deep learning model of Ape210K, which consists of 210K Chinese primary school level maths problems. The experimental results show that our deep learning model presented in this paper can solve 78.61% of the mathematical word problems as a whole. In addition, the problems were classified into six categories based on the knowledge points involved, and this paper explores the model's performance on different types of problems. |
15,454 | Please write an abstract with title: DCT domain logo insertion of MPEG-2 transcoding, and key words: Discrete cosine transforms, Transcoding, Video compression, Channel capacity, Application software, Computer architecture, Software quality, Streaming media, Transform coding, MPEG 4 Standard. Abstract: Video transcoding techniques offer the possibility of matching coded video to transmission channels of lower capacity. In many applications, a logo is to be inserted into the transcoded bit-stream. In this paper, a new (DCT domain) transcoding architecture is proposed to insert logo into MPEG-2 bit-stream. This paper also addressed the problems of macro block (MB) type, motion vector (MV) and quantize-step redefinition induced by logo insertion. In software simulation, the proposed approach added a good quality logo in video stream with high efficiency and little impact on video data. Though this research is focused on MPEG-2 transcoding, the result can be extended to other video compress standards such as H.263 and MPEG-4. |
15,455 | Please write an abstract with title: Experimental analysis of the effects of discharge current-rates on the parameters of the electrical equivalent circuit for NMC and LCO Li-ion batteries, and key words: Resistance, Lithium-ion batteries, Temperature sensors, Liquid crystal on silicon, Aging, Lithium, Capacitance. Abstract: Lithium-ion batteries are widely used energy storage systems due to their higher power and energy density. The sensitivity of battery internal parameters to the operating conditions is necessary to understand their behavior better. This paper studies the effect of discharge current rates on the electrical equivalent circuit model parameters. Through cycling experimental tests, battery cells of two technologies (Lithium-Nickel-Manganese-Cobalt-Oxide (NMC) and Lithium Cobalt Oxide (LCO)) are discharged with three different current rates. The equivalent circuit model (ECM) parameters are estimated using a recursive least square algorithm with a variable forgetting factor (RLS-VFF) based on experimental data. The results also show a negligible memory effect of the C-rate current with a relative deviation of less than 3%. The estimation results also show the polarization resistance and capacitance dependency on the C-rate discharge current. However, the experimental results have shown that the series resistance is robust to the final C-rate discharge current, which makes it suitable for monitoring ageing effects. |
15,456 | Please write an abstract with title: Dependability Analysis of a Digital Excitation Control System, and key words: Voltage control, Control systems, Indexes, Power generation, Synchronous generators, Standards, Rectifiers. Abstract: The synchronous generators' excitation is usually regulated by means of a real-time digital control system, while other apparatuses are dedicated to secondary functions (e.g human machine interface, remote control unit, logic and control functions). A performance increase and a cost reduction can be achieved by integrating all the functions into a single platform. However, this requires assessing the dependability performance of the control systems currently in use, to set a base benchmark for future evaluations. In this paper, the quantitative dependability analysis of a digital excitation control system is performed, by using as a case study a real system installed in a hydroelectric power station. Two configurations are analyzed, and their dependability performance are compared. |
15,457 | Please write an abstract with title: Intrinsic and Complete Structure Learning Based Incomplete Multiview Clustering, and key words: Sparse matrices, Representation learning, Optimization, Clustering methods, Task analysis, Correlation, Indexes. Abstract: In the real-world, some views of samples are often missing for the collected multiview data. Faced with the incomplete multiview data, most of the existing clustering methods tended to learn a common graph from the available views, where the hidden information of the absent views was ignored. Furthermore, some methods filled the absent instances with the average vector of the available samples for each view, which could not reflect a real distribution of the data. To solve these problems, in this paper an intrinsic and complete structure learning based incomplete multiview clustering method (ICSL_IMC) is proposed. Firstly, we calculate the initial complete graphs for all views by exploring the available incomplete graphs, which are further taken as the constraints for the reconstruction of the absent data integrating the self-representation method. Afterwards, encouraged by the complete multiview data, a complete structure inferring strategy is proposed to learn the intrinsic and complete structures for all views, such that the real distribution of the absent instances can be reflected in the completed structure of each view. We integrate these three learning phases into a joint optimization model, which can promote each other in the iterative learning procedure, simultaneously. Comparing with the other state-of-the-art methods, the proposed ICSL_IMC can achieve the best performances on different databases. |
15,458 | Please write an abstract with title: Millimeter-wave CMOS device modeling and simulation, and key words: Semiconductor device modeling. Abstract: Challenges for modeling and simulating active and passive 130 nm CMOS devices at mm-wave frequencies (>30 GHz) are discussed. Small-signal lumped circuits with appropriate parasitic elements are used to model the active transistor devices with excellent broadband accuracy. Passive element transmission lines are discussed as generic scalable reactive elements suitable for forming resonant circuits with intrinsic transistor capacitance. The trade-offs between physical and electrical circuit models for the transmission lines are presented. Our approach demonstrates that relatively simple models can be used to accurately predict the small-signal performance of CMOS active and passive devices from DC up to mm-wave frequencies. |
15,459 | Please write an abstract with title: Assessing Social Acceptance of Urban Air Mobility using Virtual Reality, and key words: Visualization, Solid modeling, Privacy, Atmospheric modeling, Urban areas, Virtual reality, Planning. Abstract: Drone applications are increasingly being developed for urban environments, and drones may soon become additional traffic participants in cities. Thus, drones would be a further component to existing traffic and yet another stimulus in urban areas. Therefore, it is crucial to investigate how urban air mobility (UAM) is perceived by the society. Will the presence of drones be tolerated by the general public? To address this question, a Virtual Reality (VR) study was conducted, which investigates how the factors flight height, visual density and drone noise affect the acceptance of passers-by in an urban scenario. Furthermore, it explored how people perceive the landing of an air taxi nearby. The sample of the study comprises 47 participants.The results indicate some significant effects of flight height and visual density on acceptance, but no effect of drone noise was observed. Compared to the baseline scenario without drones, the flight height and visual density scenarios with drones were rated more negative. The same applies for the air taxi scenario. After participating in the simulation, participants' worries about noise and privacy significantly decreased. More than half of the participants reported that their attitudes toward drones had changed following the simulation and tended to improve. |
15,460 | Please write an abstract with title: Automatic classification of ornamental stones using Machine Learning techniques A study applied to limestone, and key words: Support vector machines, Rocks, Machine learning algorithms, Classification algorithms, Information systems, Machine learning, Process control. Abstract: The industry of extraction and transformation of rock minerals has an enormous importance in the Portuguese trade balance. The export volume increases every year, and to maintain these results it is necessary to invest in the modernization and optimization of production processes, as well as, in the classification of raw materials. This study aims to implement a classification model of ornamental rocks through the analysis and classification of images, using machine learning algorithms. The recognition of the type of stone, through the capture of images and subsequent algorithmic analysis, will allow to define quality control scales in future processes, taking into account the different types of stone. In addition, it will also allow to develop models capable of helping in reducing the amount of raw material wasted. This work presents the steps taken to create a classification model, using a dataset of 2260 images distributed over four classes, three of which are very similar to color level and one with a different tone. In this study, the results of the application of three automatic classification algorithms are analyzed. In addition, a discussion of how types of images can improve results and the execution times of algorithms are presented. |
15,461 | Please write an abstract with title: TAP: A Transformer based Activity Prediction Exploiting Temporal Relations in Collaborative Tasks, and key words: Pervasive computing, Deep learning, Data privacy, Conferences, Collaboration, Predictive models, Data collection. Abstract: Activity prediction is an important challenge to provide cognitive supports in a smart space. For user activity prediction without privacy and inconsistent data collection issues, recent studies leverage data stream generated by ambient sensors. They use a deep learning model for single-user tasks which only contain simple sequential relations between activities. In this paper, we propose TAP, a Transformer-based activity prediction approach for inferring the next activity in a collaborative smart environment where collaborative tasks are conducted. To represent and analyze complex relations between activities of users, Allen's temporal relations are employed for representing temporal relations between activities and we leverage the Transformer to predict not only the next activity but also temporal relation with its preceding activity. TAP yields higher accuracy for the next activity prediction and temporal relations with the current activity in a collaborative task than existing approaches. |
15,462 | Please write an abstract with title: WATSON: design space boundary exploration and model generation for analog and RFIC design, and key words: Space exploration, Radiofrequency integrated circuits, Circuit topology, Genetics, Design optimization, Performance analysis, Multivariate regression, Transconductance, Operational amplifiers, Voltage-controlled oscillators. Abstract: A new method is described which gives the designer access to the design space boundaries of a circuit topology, all with transistor-level accuracy. Using multiobjective genetic optimization, the hypersurface of Pareto-optimal design points is calculated. Tradeoff analysis of competing performances at the design space boundaries is made possible by the application of multivariate regression techniques. This new methodology is illustrated with the presentation of the design space for two different types of circuits: a Miller-compensated operational transconductance amplifier and an LC-tank voltage-controlled oscillator. |
15,463 | Please write an abstract with title: A Framework for Knowledgebase Curation using Cognitive Web Architecture, and key words: Knowledge engineering, Triples (Data structure), Knowledge based systems, Computer architecture, Resource description framework, Service-oriented architecture, Task analysis. Abstract: Technologies used in cognitive web architecture such as the Resource Description Framework Knowledge Graph, and other Semantic technologies could well be used to curate the knowledgebase of a knowledge-based system. The paper proposes a framework to automatically abstract unstructured knowledge from the web and curate the knowledge of the system with it. |
15,464 | Please write an abstract with title: Vivid-red and highly efficient phosphors bearing diphenylquinoxaline units and their application to organic light-emitting devices, and key words: Phosphors, Temperature, Luminescence, Chemistry, Organic materials, Absorption, Atomic measurements, Photoluminescence, Electroluminescent devices, Solid state circuits. Abstract: The characterization of the iridium compounds bearing 2,3-diphenylquinoxaline units is presented here to afford vivid-red emitting phosphors with exceedingly high quantum yields and enhanced radiative transition performance. The series of 2,3-diphenylquinoxalinato-iridium phosphors are proposed to realize an efficient, bright and vivid-red emission. |
15,465 | Please write an abstract with title: Development of residual gas ionization profile monitor for high intensity proton beams, and key words: Ionization, Monitoring, Particle beams, Electrons, Magnetic field measurement, Proton accelerators, Electrodes, Magnetic flux, Prototypes, Synchrotrons. Abstract: Nondestructive beam profile monitor utilizing ionizations of residual gas has been developed for continuous monitoring of 3/spl times/10/sup 14/ protons at Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC). Knock-on electrons produced in the ionizations of residual gas vacuumed to 1 Pa are collected with a uniform electric field applied between electrodes. Applying a uniform electric field parallel to the electric field is essential to reduce diffusion of electrons crossing over magnetic flux. A prototype monitor has been constructed and installed in EP2-C beam line at KEK 12 GeV proton synchrotron (12 GeV-PS). The profiles measured with the present monitor agree with the ones measured with the existing destructive profile monitor. The present monitor shows sufficient performances as a candidate of the profile monitor at J-PARC. In the present article, the working principle of the present monitor, the results of test experiments, and further developments are described in detail. |
15,466 | Please write an abstract with title: Plant Disease Classification for Precision Agriculture Applications in Resource Constrained Environments, and key words: Deep learning, Q-factor, Measurement, Recurrent neural networks, Plants (biology), Data preprocessing, Generative adversarial networks. Abstract: One of the main dangers to the agricultural industry that greatly increases crop damage is plant leaf infections or diseases. To lessen the severity of plant leaf diseases and thus minimise financial losses, quick and effective detection is crucial. Here, employing datasets of images of plant leaves, the Inception-v3 technique, which is focused on deep learning, has been presented to identify and categorise numerous plant leaf diseases. To improve the small datasets, the method also uses Mask Recurrent Neural Network (RCNN). The performance of the suggested model is assessed experimentally using several classes of RCNNs.According to the experiment's findings, the mask RCNN model is more suitable than MASK RCNN as a data preprocessing strategy in terms of Class Accuracy, Precision, Recall, F1 Score, and Precision. It also obtains the highest accuracy. Comparing the MASK RCNN model to other methods described in the literature, it also achieves an accuracy of quality factors. |
15,467 | Please write an abstract with title: LPC speech I.C. using a 12-pole cascade digital filter, and key words: Linear predictive coding, Digital filters, Clocks, Switches, Synthesizers, Delay, Speech synthesis, Information filtering, Information filters, Buffer storage. Abstract: An LSI speech synthesizer based on a 12-pole digital filter is described. The filter is organized as a cascade of six second-order sections, implemented by time-multiplexing a single physical second-order section comprising two simple multipliers and two adder/substractors. Synthesis parameters enter asynchronously, and both analog and serial digital output are provided. We have used the chip in consumer items to synthesize speech at low bit rates (∼1000 bps) using parameters derived from linear prediction. We describe in some detail the analysis procedures and data compression techniques used in this application. |
15,468 | Please write an abstract with title: Research on Enterprise Economic Management Mode under Market Economy, and key words: Economics, Analytical models, Fluctuations, Production, Predictive models, Markov processes, Market research. Abstract: The modern economic market environment provides an important opportunity for the enterprise to develop faster and better, but at the same time, the enterprise should change the management mode in time and construct the economic management mode through the analysis of the market economy. Enterprise economic management should follow the development trend of market economy and use good management measures so that enterprises can obtain better benefits in market competition and realize the strategic development goal of enterprises. |
15,469 | Please write an abstract with title: Collaboration did not ‘help’ and why that might be a good thing, and key words: Electronic learning, Pandemics, Federated learning, Collaboration, Behavioral sciences. Abstract: This research-to-practice paper explores the role of collaboration in the classroom. Many computing educators create opportunities for collaboration as a strategy to help students in computing courses. Collaboration improves learning, motivation, engagement, and retention, yet academic dishonesty concerns often lead instructors to set policies that limit students from working with others. Course designers must balance allowing formative collaborations and restricting the students who ‘over collaborate’ seeking grades over learning. Understanding the value and cognitive mechanisms underlying collaboration juxtaposed with the risks to academic integrity may help educators create a comfortable equilibrium within their courses.The shift to virtual learning during the pandemic created a pseudo-natural experiment on the effects of collaboration. Students ‘lost’ many interactions we take for granted when moving from a classroom to a solitary screen. To restore some semblance of community, the author created virtual workgroups (a.k.a. pods) to replicate the circumstantial bonds of an in-person setting. The course design encouraged students to collaborate yet required them to report their collaborations, knowing that the grading included heavy scrutiny for original work. Returning to campus provided the opportunity to compare the various collaboration approaches with those formally introduced and their outcomes.A combination of survey data, status reports, and technology provides insights into how students view collaboration, their associated behaviors, and collaboration’s relationship to learning. Most students see value in and note few barriers to collaboration, but these opinions did not lead to differences in behaviors nor consistently improved outcomes. The lack of meaningful results may seem disappointing given the efforts to create a highly open and flexible collaborative learning environment. An alternative view suggests that collaboration helped but not in a way that disrupted individual learning. By adding appropriate checks and balances, courses can support open collaboration and maintain academic integrity. |
15,470 | Please write an abstract with title: On the performance of Maestro2 high performance network equipment, using new improvement techniques, and key words: High performance computing, Delay, Throughput, Vehicles, Computer networks, Concurrent computing, Protocols, Communications technology, Application software, Communication system software. Abstract: Cluster computers have become the vehicle of choice to build high performance computing environments. To fully exploit the computing power of these environments, one must utilize high performance network and protocol technologies, since the communication patterns of parallel applications running on clusters require low latency and high throughput, not achievable by using off-the-shell network technologies. We have developed a technology to build high performance network equipment, called MaestroS. This paper describes the novel techniques used by Maestro2 to extract maximum performance from the physical medium and studies the impact of software-level parameters. The results obtained clearly show that Maestro2 is a promising technology, presenting very good results both in terms of latency and throughput. The results also show the large impact of software overhead in the overall performance of the system and validate the need for optimized communication libraries for high performance computing. |
15,471 | Please write an abstract with title: Web sites generate dialogues! (Between users and the site), and key words: Containers, Web design, Humans, Visualization, Communication standards, Oral communication, Information systems, Systems engineering and theory. Abstract: Summary form only given. This paper illustrates an innovative approach to the conceptual modeling of a Web site: instead of considering a site as an (interactive) information container we can interpret it as a device capable of generating a dialogue with the user. Activating the selected options represents the user "turns" of the dialogue; the Webs "turns" are represented by the reply to the user selection. Theoretical implications of this approach are the possibilities of applying known dialogue techniques (from linguistic science) to Web design (or Web analysis). Practical implications consist in the possibility of improving the effectiveness of Web applications (e.g. making the dialogue with a Web site closer to a dialogue with a human being) or transforming a visualization supported (standard for a Web site) in a dialogue based only on oral communication (making a Web site accessible to visually impaired users temporarily unable to look at a screen). |
15,472 | Please write an abstract with title: Computational simulation of vibration displacement on piezoelectric quartz crystal using finite element method, and key words: Computational modeling, Finite element methods, Electrodes, Piezoelectric effect, Frequency, Voltage, Equations, Stress, Chemical industry, Chemical technology. Abstract: Recently, piezoelectric quartz crystals have found wide applications as chemical and biosensors. The quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) is a well-known technique for mass sensing using the mass-loading transduction property for frequency shift. The behavior of the vibration displacement of the electrode surface on the QCM for various applied voltages is an important problem for understanding the physical property of the QCM, but it is very difficult to detect the displacement. In this paper, the effects of resonant frequency of the QCM caused by the variation of the applied voltage are studied by using finite element method (FEM) software. |
15,473 | Please write an abstract with title: Transmission of 10×400-Gb/s PS-16QAM over 4300-km LEAF Using Composite Carrier Recovery Scheme, and key words: Fluctuations, Finite impulse response filters, Asia, Photonics. Abstract: We have experimentally demonstrated 10×400-Gb/s PS-16QAM transmission over 4300-km LEAF. Digital pilot and FIR filter embedded with DD-LMS are applied to facilitate the carrier recovery of PS-QAM signal and overcome the fast phase fluctuations. |
15,474 | Please write an abstract with title: (MI)/SUP 2/L: multiinput-multioutput integrated injection logic, and key words: Logic, Circuit testing, Ion implantation, Inverters, Fabrication, Analog circuits, Delay, Flexible printed circuits, Frequency conversion, Flip-flops. Abstract: The (MI)/SUP 2/L structure will be discussed, which is a combination of CHL/CHIL and I/SUP 2/L, taking advantage of ion implantation. It provides improved speed-power product and functional density compared to conventional I/SUP 2/L schemes. The gate consists of a lateral n-p-n transistor with intermediate collectors and a Schottky inverter. The device fabrication is fully compatible with standard bipolar processes for analog circuits. The approach is applied to a standard bipolar process of 6 /spl mu/m epi thickness and 35 V breakdown voltage. The results obtained are a minimum power-delay product of 0.07 pJ and a minimum delay of 17 ns at 0.38 pJ. The improved device parameters, packing density, and design flexibility are discussed with the experimental results of test circuits, including a D-type frequency divider and MS flip-flop. |
15,475 | Please write an abstract with title: TransCloudSeg: Ground-Based Cloud Image Segmentation With Transformer, and key words: Transformers, Image segmentation, Clouds, Decoding, Convolutional neural networks, Fuses, Remote sensing. Abstract: Cloud image segmentation plays an important role in ground-based cloud observation. Recently, most existing methods for ground-based cloud image segmentation learn feature representations using the convolutional neural network (CNN), which results in the loss of global information because of the limited receptive field size of the filters in the CNN. In this article, we propose a novel deep model named TransCloudSeg, which makes full use of the advantages of the CNN and transformer to extract detailed information and global contextual information for ground-based cloud image segmentation. Specifically, TransCloudSeg hybridizes the CNN and transformer as the encoders to obtain different features. To recover and fuse the feature maps from the encoders, we design the CNN decoder and the transformer decoder for TransCloudSeg. After obtaining two sets of feature maps from two different decoders, we propose the heterogeneous fusion module to effectively fuse the heterogeneous feature maps by applying the self-attention mechanism. We conduct a series of experiments on Tianjin Normal University large-scale cloud detection database and Tianjin Normal University cloud detection database, and the results show that our method achieves a better performance than other state-of-the-art methods, thus proving the effectiveness of the proposed TransCloudSeg. |
15,476 | Please write an abstract with title: C-2C ladder-based D/A converters for PCM codecs, and key words: Phase change materials, Codecs, Capacitors, Integrated circuit interconnections, CMOS technology, Parameter extraction, Very large scale integration, Etching, Capacitance, Resistors. Abstract: A family of C-2C ladder-based D/A (digital-to-analog) converters is presented. The best of these uses only 43 unit capacitors to implement a 13-b converter for use in PCM (pulse-code modulation) codecs. The practical feasibility of these networks is confirmed by actual on-chip implementation. |
15,477 | Please write an abstract with title: A Robust Self-Optimization Algorithm Based on Idiosyncratic Adaptation of Handover Parameters for Mobility Management in LTE-A Heterogeneous Networks, and key words: Optimization, Interference, Signal to noise ratio, Quality of service, Handover, Femtocells, Mathematical models. Abstract: Mobility robustness optimization (MRO) is a fundamental issue regarding self-optimization network (SON). In long-term evolution-advanced (LTE-A), handover (HO) optimization in heterogeneous networks (HetNets) is an urgent need to improve system performance. This improvement is in terms of immunity against unnecessary HO (UHO) such as ping-pong HO (PPHO) and against failed HOs in the sense of radio link failure (RLF) such as too-early HO (TEHO) and too-late HO (TLHO), that is, RLF HO. The occurrence of these undesired HOs increases the consumption of network resources and decreases the quality of service (QoS). In this study, we propose a robust algorithm to reduce the number of PPHO, TLHO, and TEHO events to a minimum by an innovative mechanism that adaptively sets the HO control parameters (HCPs). This reduction is obtained without the need for unjustified techniques that assume certain thresholds for the ratio of PPHOs or the ratio of RLF HOs relative to the total number of HOs, as proposed in the most recent literature. We also present the importance of thinking about the existence of a direct relationship between the hysteresis margin (HM) and time-to-trigger (TTT). We invest this relationship in determining adaptive HCPs. Simulation results show that RLF HOs and PPHOs are minimal, almost zero, compared to the literature and the classical method. This study opens a new avenue for research on mobility management. It reorients research axes toward thinking about the possibility of a correlation between HM and TTT. This is what the research community has not yet realized. |
15,478 | Please write an abstract with title: Joint MIMO Radar and Communication System Using a PSK-LFM Waveform With TDM and CDM Approaches, and key words: Phase shift keying, Frequency modulation, Transmitters, MIMO radar, Radar, Time division multiplexing, MIMO. Abstract: In this paper, a new technique which enables communication data to be embedded into multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar waveforms is presented. A linear frequency modulated (LFM) signal is used for radar sensing, and multiple phase-shift keying (PSK) symbols or bit sequences are embedded into the LFM signal for communications. Such waveforms are subsequently used for radar sensing with MIMO beamforming. Orthogonality between transmitters is ensured using either a time-division multiplexing (TDM) or code-division multiplexing (CDM) approach. The performance of these novel techniques is demonstrated through both simulation and experimentation. |
15,479 | Please write an abstract with title: Application of the 2D/3D MICHELLE code to electron gun and collector modeling, and key words: Guns, Particle beams, Optical beams, Electron emission, Electrostatics, Optical design, Electron optics, Integrated optics, Particle beam optics, Optical devices. Abstract: The focus of the development program is to combine modern finite element techniques with improved physics models. The code employs a conformal mesh, including both structured and unstructured mesh architectures for meshing flexibility, along with a new method for accurate, efficient particle tracking. New particle emission models for thermionic beam representation are included that support primary emission, and secondary emission is handled with an advanced model. |
15,480 | Please write an abstract with title: Neural Network-Based Calibration for Accuracy Improvement in Lateration Positioning System, and key words: Biological neural networks, Neurons, Training, Calibration, Position measurement, Computer architecture, Robots. Abstract: Mobile robot positioning is a crucial problem in modern industrial autonomous solutions. Lateration Positioning Systems base on the distance measurements to estimate the object's position. These measurements are however often affected by numerous sources of noise: obstacles, multi-pathing, signal propagation speed etc. Effective calibration methods are therefore required to eliminate these errors to achieve precise positioning. In this paper, we present the application of neural networks to improve the accuracy of a UWB lateration system. We present the network architecture and demonstrate how it can be used to alleviate the effects of multi-pathing and environment anisotropy in a real positioning setup. We furthermore compare the efficiency of the neural network with the state-of-the-art calibration methods. |
15,481 | Please write an abstract with title: Dynamic Programming Inspired Global Optimal Path Planning for Mobile Robots, and key words: Heuristic algorithms, Conferences, Approximation algorithms, Path planning, Dynamic programming, Mobile robots, Task analysis. Abstract: Optimal path planning for mobile robots can improve the output in a warehouse and therefore have the potential to greatly increase the profit of a warehouse. Dynamic programming has long been used for optimal path planning tasks. Different from most works in this research area, which use dynamic programming with grid discretization to approximate the global optimal solution, in this paper, we propose an efficient dynamic programming inspired global optimal path planning solution for the continuous state space. The proposed algorithm can find the exact global optimal solution or the shortest path to the goal position from any starting point in the map. |
15,482 | Please write an abstract with title: Novel Iterative Clipping and Error Filtering Methods for Efficient PAPR Reduction in 5G and Beyond, and key words: Peak to average power ratio, OFDM, 5G mobile communication, Frequency-domain analysis, Resource management, Iterative methods, Time-domain analysis. Abstract: The physical-layer radio access of 5G New Radio (NR) and other modern wireless networks builds on the cyclic prefix (CP) orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM), known to suffer from the high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) challenge. In this article, novel PAPR reduction methods are developed, referred to as the iterative clipping and weighted error filtering (ICWEF) approach. To this end, clipping noise is separated from the data signal in frequency domain and properly tailored frequency-selective clipping noise filtering is adopted to control the tradeoff between PAPR reduction and transmitted signal quality. Furthermore, as 5G NR networks support adopting different OFDM numerologies at different bandwidth parts within one channel bandwidth, the ICWEF approach is also extended to take into account and suppress the resulting inter-numerology interference-something that most existing state-of-the-art methods do not consider. To facilitate comprehensive performance evaluations, a software-defined radio based prototyping testbed including a high-power base station power amplifier is also developed and used for assessing the performance of PAPR reduction solutions. The proposed ICWEF-based PAPR reduction concept is thereon thoroughly validated with extensive numerical and experimental results and shown to outperform the existing state-of-the-art reference solutions. |
15,483 | Please write an abstract with title: Design and Simulation in OMNET ++ of a Wireless Sensor Network for Rural Exploitation Zones, and key words: Wireless sensor networks, Energy consumption, Power demand, Water quality, Logic gates, Data models, Radio access technologies. Abstract: Nowadays, low power consumption wide area networks (LPWAN) have achieved great versatility in their implementation for IoT applications in areas of difficult access and large extensions. LoRaWAN is one of the technologies that under this concept provides us long-range coverage and low energy consumption that operates in free ISM bands without any cost. Through the OMNeT ++ network simulation platform, it is possible to obtain performance indicators such as the data extraction rate (DER), energy consumed by nodes, loss of packets, among others that allow to determine the appropriate location of the nodes and gateways in a wireless sensor network (WSN). This work aims to simulate the use of a LoRa network as radio access technology (RAT) in different sizes of typical shrimp exploitation scenarios in extensive rural areas. The data obtained from performance indicators is analyzed based on the behavior of the simulation for a correct location of water quality sensor spots inside the scenario. |
15,484 | Please write an abstract with title: Deep Instance Segmentation With Automotive Radar Detection Points, and key words: Radar detection, Radar, Automotive engineering, Radar cross-sections, Automobiles, Semantics, Point cloud compression. Abstract: Automotive radar provides reliable environmental perception in all-weather conditions with affordable cost, but it hardly supplies semantic and geometry information due to the sparsity of radar detection points. With the development of automotive radar technologies in recent years, instance segmentation becomes possible by using automotive radar. Its data contain contexts such as radar cross section and micro-Doppler effects, and sometimes can provide detection when the field of view is obscured. The outcome from instance segmentation could be potentially used as the input of trackers for tracking targets. The existing methods often utilize a clustering-based classification framework, which fits the need of real-time processing but has limited performance due to minimum information provided by sparse radar detection points. In this paper, we propose an efficient method based on clustering of estimated semantic information to achieve instance segmentation for the sparse radar detection points. In addition, we show that the performance of the proposed approach can be further enhanced by incorporating the visual multi-layer perceptron. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by experimental results on the popular RadarScenes dataset, achieving 89.53% mean coverage and 86.97% mean average precision with the IoU threshold of 0.5, which is superior to other approaches in the literature. More significantly, the consumed memory is around 1MB, and the inference time is less than 40 ms, indicating that our proposed algorithm is storage and time efficient. These two criteria ensure the practicality of the proposed method in real-world systems. |
15,485 | Please write an abstract with title: Capacity allocation of renewable energy sources considering complementarity, and key words: Indexes, Resource management, Correlation, Mathematical models, Analytical models, Renewable energy sources, Planning. Abstract: The outputs of renewable energy sources (RESs) are inherently variable and uncertain, such as wind power (WP) and photovoltaic (PV). However, the outputs of various types of RESs in different regions are complementary. If the capacity of RESs could be properly allocated during system planning, the variability of the total output could be reduced. Consequently, system reliability and renewable energy (RE) consumption could be improved. This paper proposes an analytical model for optimal complementary capacity allocation of RESs to decrease the variability of the total output. The model considers the capacity ratio of the RESs as the decision variables and the coefficient of variation (CV) of the total output as the objective function. The proposed approach transforms the single-level optimization model into a bilevel optimization model and derives an analytical equation that can directly calculate the optimal complementary capacity ratio (OCCR) of system RESs. Case studies on wind and solar farms in Xinjiang and Qinghai Provinces, China, are performed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed analytical allocation method. |
15,486 | Please write an abstract with title: Robust and Responsive Learning of Spatiotemporal Urban Traffic Flow Relationships, and key words: Spatiotemporal phenomena, Forecasting, Predictive models, Roads, Feature extraction, Heuristic algorithms, Time series analysis. Abstract: Spatiotemporal models that incorporate information about the relationships between traffic flows over space and time have recently become the mainstream of urban traffic forecasting. Many algorithms have been developed to learn the structure of spatiotemporal relationships – the travel time-based, cross-correlation, graphical lasso, mutual information, and random forest methods, among several others. In this paper, we address two issues of spatiotemporal relationship learning. First, we suggest the application of ensemble techniques (ranking- and voting-based) that combine the advantages of individual algorithms and allow more robust structures to be obtained for learning spatiotemporal relationships. Second, we propose strategies that enable discovery of their dynamics and provide extensive information on traffic flows for the responsive learning of spatiotemporal relationships. In addition to the widely used forecasting performance (estimated for the spatially regularised vector autoregression model, the spatiotemporal k-nearest neighbour algorithm, and the high-order graph convolutional artificial neural network), we compare the estimated spatiotemporal relationship structures using their complexity and stability metrics and demonstrate the importance of these characteristics. A multitude of numerical experiments using a large citywide traffic data set are conducted, and the results demonstrate the preferences of ensemble learning and the strengths of the proposed learning strategies. |
15,487 | Please write an abstract with title: Optimal Tolling for Heterogeneous Traffic Networks with Mixed Autonomy, and key words: Roads, Autonomous vehicles, Routing, Delays, Heterogeneous networks, Cost function. Abstract: When people pick routes to minimize their travel time, the total experienced delay, or social cost, may be significantly greater than if people followed routes assigned to them by a social planner. This effect is accentuated when human drivers share roads with autonomous vehicles. When routed optimally, autonomous vehicles can make traffic networks more efficient, but when acting selfishly, the introduction of autonomous vehicles can actually worsen congestion. We seek to mitigate this effect by influencing routing choices via tolling. We consider a network of parallel roads with affine latency functions that are heterogeneous, meaning that the increase in capacity due to to the presence of autonomous vehicles may vary from road to road. We show that if human drivers and autonomous users have the same tolls, the social cost may be arbitrarily worse than when optimally routed. We then prove qualities of the optimal routing and use them to design tolls that are guaranteed to minimize social cost at equilibrium. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first tolling scheme that yields a unique socially optimal equilibrium for parallel heterogeneous network with affine latency functions. |
15,488 | Please write an abstract with title: Ultra-dynamic Voltage scaling (UDVS) using sub-threshold operation and local Voltage dithering, and key words: Voltage control, Dynamic voltage scaling, Frequency, Energy measurement, Semiconductor device measurement, Circuit testing, Temperature, Energy consumption, Finite impulse response filter, Layout. Abstract: Local voltage dithering provides near optimum savings when workload varies for fine-grained blocks. Combining this approach with sub-threshold operation permits ultra-dynamic voltage scaling from 1.1 V to below 300 mV for a 90-nm test chip. Operating at 330 mV provides minimum energy per cycle at 9/spl times/ less energy than ideal shutdown for reduced performance scenarios. Measurements from the test chip characterize the impact of temperature on the minimum energy point. |
15,489 | Please write an abstract with title: Use and Programmatic Extension of PowerFactory for the Implementation of Automated Network Planning at the Distribution Grid Level, and key words: Planning, Load modeling, Reactive power, Loading, Load flow, Power cables, Current measurement. Abstract: In this paper it is presented how the network calculation program PowerFactory is used to implement automated network planning algorithms. PowerFactory's internal functions and data sets are discussed and it is shown how the functions and data sets have been extended by specially developed scripts to enable the automation of network planning steps. Finally, the methodology applied to calculate grid use cases is briefly discussed. |
15,490 | Please write an abstract with title: Low-overhead interactive debugging via dynamic instrumentation with DISE, and key words: Debugging, Instruments, Degradation, Switches, Open source software, Logic, Hardware, Decoding, Costs, Context modeling. Abstract: Breakpoints, watchpoints, and conditional variants of both are essential debugging primitives, but their natural implementations often degrade performance significantly. Slowdown arises because the debugger - the tool implementing the breakpoint/watchpoint interface - is implemented in a process separate from the debugged application. Since the debugger evaluates the watchpoint expressions and conditional predicates to determine whether to invoke the user, a debugging session typically requires many expensive application-debugger context switches, resulting in slowdowns of 40,000 times or more in current commercial and open-source debuggers! In this paper, we present an effective and efficient implementation of (conditional) breakpoints and watchpoints that uses DISE to dynamically embed debugger logic into the running application. DISE (dynamic instruction stream editing) is a previously proposed, programmable hardware facility for dynamically customizing applications by transforming the instruction stream as it is decoded. DISE embedding preserves the logical separation of application and debugger nstructions are added dynamically and transparently, existing application code and data are not statically modified - and has little startup cost. Cycle-level simulation on the SPEC 2000 integer benchmarks shows that the DISE approach eliminates all unnecessary context switching, typically limits debugging overhead to 25% or less for a wide range of watch-points, and outperforms alternative implementations. |
15,491 | Please write an abstract with title: Communication centric architectures for turbo-decoding on embedded multiprocessors, and key words: Throughput, Decoding, Computer architecture, Communication system software, Software algorithms, Communication standards, Software standards, Parallel processing, Energy consumption, Delay. Abstract: Software implementations of channel decoding algorithms are attractive for communication systems with their large variety of existing and emerging standards due to their flexibility and extensibility. For high throughput, however, a single processor can not provide the necessary computing power. Using several processors in parallel, without exploiting the internal parallelism of the algorithm, leads to intolerable overhead in area, power consumption, and latency. We propose a multiprocessor based turbo-decoder implementation where inherently parallel decoding tasks are mapped onto individual processing nodes. The implied challenging inter-processor communication is efficiently handled by our framework such that throughput is not degraded. In this paper, we present communication centric architectures from buses to heterogenous networks that allow us to interconnect numerous processors to perform high throughput turbo-decoding. |
15,492 | Please write an abstract with title: Two-dimensional signal filters under modeling uncertainties, and key words: Uncertainty, Wiener filter, Matched filters, Signal processing, Noise robustness, Signal to noise ratio, Noise shaping, Nonlinear filters, Signal design, Shape. Abstract: Matched and Wiener filters are considered for two-dimensional signal processing applications when the a priori information about signal and noise characteristics are not completely specified. This work is an extension of previous work on robust filters for one-dimensional processing. The approach is to design filters which are saddle-point or mini-max solutions for the criterion functional (mean-squared-error or signal-to-noise ratio) over the classes of allowable signal shapes and signal and noise spectral densities. |
15,493 | Please write an abstract with title: Harmonic Source Identification Using Modified Power Direction Method, and key words: Harmonic analysis, Power harmonic filters, Harmonic distortion, Reactive power, Load modeling. Abstract: In this paper harmonic source identification has been done using active power direction method with the study of distortion caused by loads at the system nodes. The active power direction method is being continuously used until present date with required modifications and integration with other techniques in order to improve its application for the purpose of harmonic source detection. The effect of disturbing loads at the nodes renders significant information regarding the type of load connected to it. A comparative study of distorting and non-distorting portion of load parameters along with the power direction analysis is used as an effective tool to identify harmonic sources present in the system, better performance can be witnessed in this work on various test cases where power direction method fails. The effectiveness of the proposed technique has been tested on a modified IEEE 5 bus system and IEEE 9 bus system. |
15,494 | Please write an abstract with title: Feedback Turbo Autoencoder, and key words: Deep learning, Conferences, Signal processing, Delays, Speech processing, Output feedback, Iterative decoding. Abstract: Designing channel codes is one of the core research areas for modern communication systems. Canonical channel codes asymptotically achieve near-capacity performance under large block length regime for additive white gaussian noise channels. However, this achieved success does not generalize to many channels. Channels with output feedback, proposed by Shannon, is one of such channels where practical codes have been unknown for several decades.Recently it has been demonstrated that deep learning based code outperforms the state-of-the-art codes for channels with output feedback. While the success is promising and inspiring, there are a few major challenges that need to be addressed. Firstly, the channel assumes a feedback with a unit step delay, which is not very practical. Second is the lack of generalization to larger block lengths. In this work, we propose Feedback Auto Turbo Encoder (FTAE) which harmoniously combines interleaver and iterative decoding with CNN architectures and demonstrate the blocklength gain and improved performance in the block feedback setting. |
15,495 | Please write an abstract with title: Preventing wormhole attacks on wireless ad hoc networks: a graph theoretic approach, and key words: Mobile ad hoc networks, Wireless networks, Cryptographic protocols, Wireless application protocol, Cryptography, Communication channels, Ad hoc networks, Sufficient conditions, Broadcasting, Probability. Abstract: We study the problem of characterizing the wormhole attack, an attack that can be mounted on a wide range of wireless network protocols without compromising any cryptographic quantity or network node. A wormhole, in essence, creates a communication link between an origin and a destination point that could not exist with the use of the regular communication channel. Hence, a wormhole modifies the connectivity matrix of the network, and can be described by a graph abstraction of the ad hoc network. Making use of geometric random graphs induced by the communication range constraint of the nodes, we present the necessary and sufficient conditions for detecting and defending against wormholes. Using our theory, we also present a defense mechanism based on local broadcast keys. We believe our work is the first one to present analytical calculation of the probabilities of detection. We also present simulation results to illustrate our theory. |
15,496 | Please write an abstract with title: On bordered triangular or lower N forms of an irreducible matrix, and key words: Symmetric matrices, Equations, Vectors, Circuit synthesis, Art, Network synthesis, Circuit analysis computing, Computer networks, Computer applications, Application software. Abstract: In this letter, we comment on a bordered triangular form (BTF) of an irreducible matrix introduced by Cheung and Kuh, and present other relevant references concerning a BTF matrix and the use of topological rules for finding a minimum essential set of a digraph. |
15,497 | Please write an abstract with title: Identification of hysteresis functions using a multiple model approach, and key words: Hysteresis, Friction, Mechanical systems, State estimation, Power system modeling, Springs, Mechanical engineering, Electronic mail, Actuators, Petroleum. Abstract: Considers the identification of static hysteresis functions which describe phenomena in mechanical systems, piezoelectric actuators and materials. A solution based on a model with a parallel structure of elementary models (with switching) and the interacting multiple model (IMM) approach is proposed. For each elementary model a separate IMM estimator is implemented. The estimated parameters represent a fusion of values from preset grids, weighted by the IMM mode probabilities. The estimated state of each elementary model is a fusion of the estimated states (from the separate Kalman filters) weighted by the IMM probabilities. The nonlinear identification problem is reduced to a linear one. Results from simulation experiments are presented. |
15,498 | Please write an abstract with title: MM-QUIC: Mobility-aware Multipath QUIC for Satellite Networks, and key words: Satellites, Fluids, Protocols, Simulation, Throughput, Topology, Sensors. Abstract: The Integrated Terrestrial and LEO Satellite Network (ITSN) is promising for providing ubiquitous communication services, which attracts attention but also brings new challenges. In this regard, a new transport layer protocol, Multipath QUIC (MPQUIC) appears salient advantages in tackling with the challenging environment (e.g., large propagation delays, high-speed mobility, etc.). However, the standard congestion control algorithm of MPQUIC, Opportunistic Linked Increases Algorithm (OLIA), still encounters great challenges such as congestion window (cwnd) overshooting whenever handoff, which motivates our proposal, a Mobility-aware Multipath QUIC (MM-QUIC) congestion control algorithm. MM-QUIC leverages the periodical changes of path capacity and good similarity among disjoint subflows to quickly start a new round of transmission, and employs a multipath-based fluid model to determine the cwnd adjustment in the congestion avoidance phase. Finally, simulation results on NS-3 demonstrate that MM-QUIC can offer up to 50% throughput improvement compared to OLIA in ITSN. |
15,499 | Please write an abstract with title: Real-time detection of the risk of blackout, and key words: Stability analysis, Steady-state, Voltage, Control systems, Medical services, Computational modeling, Real time systems, Decision making, Data analysis, Europe. Abstract: This presentation describes an approach to the real-time detection of system conditions that may hide an approaching blackout. Two key issues are addressed: computational speed, required for on-line decision-making, and ease of interpretation of the results, i.e., the ability to see how far is the blackout without having to interpret large amounts of information and to perform complex data analysis chores. Theoretical aspects are analyzed, and a two-step stability limit evaluation paradigm is formulated. Practical aspects are also reviewed and illustrated with actual case studies taken directly from SCADA/EMS installations where the method is currently being used both in real-time and in study-mode. This technique can help system operators and reliability coordinators "foresee whether the transmission loading progresses, or is projected to progress, beyond the operating reliability limit". It is concluded that real-time stability assessment could easily be implemented in most of the existing SCADA/EMS installations if the two-step approach described in this presentation were implemented. First, a quick check of the stability reserve should be performed after each state estimated, power-flow solution and N-1 contingency evaluation. Then, if needed, detailed and extensive stability computations might be triggered to refine the initial results. |
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