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15,600 | Please write an abstract with title: On deriving a locally corrected Nystrom scheme from a quadrature sampled moment method, and key words: Moment methods, Integral equations, Electromagnetic scattering, Kernel, Testing, Current density, Electromagnetic analysis, Convergence, Geometry, Dynamic range. Abstract: A novel high-order method of moment procedure with quadrature point-based discretization is presented. The scheme is equivalent to a moment method employing smooth basis and testing functions applying a fixed-point numerical quadrature approximation for the outer integral. Mapping the current to the quadrature points then leads to a formulation that is equivalent to that derived via the locally corrected Nystrom method. The convergence properties of the current density and RCS for smooth and singular geometries in two and three dimensions are also studied. |
15,601 | Please write an abstract with title: Cross Scene Prediction via Modeling Dynamic Correlation using Latent Space Shared Auto-Encoders, and key words: Correlation, Roads, Predictive models, Logic gates, Dynamic scheduling, History, Public transportation. Abstract: This work addresses on the following problem: given a set of unsynchronized history observations of two scenes that are correlative on their dynamic changes, the purpose is to learn a cross-scene predictor, so that with the observation of one scene, a robot can onlinely predict the dynamic state of the other. A method is proposed to solve the problem via modeling dynamic correlation using latent space shared auto-encoders. Assuming that the inherent correlation of scene dynamics can be represented by shared latent space, where a common latent state is reached if the observations of both scenes are at an approximate time. A learning model is developed by connecting two auto-encoders through the latent space, and a prediction model is built by concatenating the encoder of the input scene with the decoder of the target one. Simulation datasets are generated imitating the dynamic flows at two adjacent gates of a campus, where the dynamic changes are triggered by a common working and teaching schedule. Similar scenarios can also be found at successive intersections on a single road, gates of a subway station, etc. Accuracy of cross-scene prediction is examined at various conditions of scene correlation and pairwise observations. Potentials of the proposed method are demonstrated by comparing with conventional end-to-end methods and linear predictions. |
15,602 | Please write an abstract with title: Research on Vibration Characteristics of Converter Transformer Under the Influence of Harmonic Voltage and Harmonic Current, and key words: Vibrations, Voltage measurement, Windings, Voltage, Power system harmonics, Transformer cores, Harmonic analysis. Abstract: The harmonic voltage and harmonic current caused by factors such as converter valve devices are the characteristics of HVDC transmission systems, which have a significant impact on the vibration of iron core and winding of converter transformers. In order to study the relationship between the voltage and current harmonics and the vibration signal, this paper theoretically derives the mathematical relationship between the harmonic voltage and harmonic current and the vibration signal of converter transformer core and winding. According to measured data of vibration signal, voltage and current of converter transformers in operation, the vibration characteristics of converter transformers under the influence of harmonic voltage and harmonic current are studied. Theoretical analysis and experimental research results show that harmonic voltage and harmonic current will affect the main frequency and other characteristic parameters of the vibration signal. At the same time, high-order harmonic voltage is the main cause of high frequency components of vibration signals. |
15,603 | Please write an abstract with title: Charging and polarization phenomena in XLPE-EPR coaxial interfaces, and key words: Polarization, Coaxial components, Paramagnetic resonance, Dielectric measurements, Space charge, Current measurement, Charge measurement, Dielectrics and electrical insulation, Cable insulation, Temperature. Abstract: Interfacial charge build-up has been investigated in crosslinked polyethylene (XLPE) and ethylene propylene rubber (EPR) coaxial interfaces. For this purpose, space charge measurements have been performed on cables where the insulating part is composed of two dielectric layers consisting of EPR and XLPE. Measurements were carried out at different temperature gradients across the insulation by means of the pulsed electroacoustic method (PEA). Significant charge build-up was measured at the EPR/XLPE interface when a DC voltage was applied on the cable conductor. Interfacial charge magnitude and time required for the charge to accumulate were found to be strongly dependent on the interfacial temperature. On the other hand, the temperature gradient experienced by the cable insulation was found affecting the space charge in the bulk of the EPR. From the experimental space charge profiles, the electric field distributions within the two dielectric layers of the cable were deduced. A characteristic similarity of all the measurements was that the electric field within the XLPE was enhanced by the presence of interfacial charge. |
15,604 | Please write an abstract with title: Benchmarking Vulkan vs OpenGL Rendering on Low-Power Edge GPUs, and key words: Headphones, Semiconductor device modeling, Embedded systems, Three-dimensional displays, Production, Benchmark testing, Rendering (computer graphics). Abstract: With the ever-increasing demand for virtualizing every aspect of life, engineers design solutions to create immersion in virtual and augmented reality scenarios. Most virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) headsets require a connection to a computing system and thus they demand the acquisition of additional hardware to use the headsets. Following Moore's law, transistors have become smaller and computers more powerful. As a result, new hardware and programming languages have been developed to achieve high-performance graphics while requiring low power. This paper compares OpenGL and Vulkan implementations on Nvidia's Jetson development kits equipped with edge GPUs that can generate 3D graphics under 5W (Jetson Nano), 15W (Jetson TX2) and, 30W (Jetson Xavier), providing an in-house processing and cost-effective headset solution without an external processing unit. We report that efficiency can be 2 times higher than desktop graphics processing units (GPUs) while maintaining a reasonable amount of rendering power. |
15,605 | Please write an abstract with title: Adaptive sampling with neural networks for system reliability analysis, and key words: Adaptation models, Training, Neural networks, Reliability engineering, Maintenance engineering, Numerical models. Abstract: There are two types of uncertainties in engineering, and performance functions are usually implicit functions involving simulations. In this paper, a neural network-based reliability analysis method for structural systems with mixed variables is proposed. The proper intervals for p-box variables are selected, then a new learning function is proposed. The stopping iteration is used to terminate the proposed algorithm. The lower and upper bounds of probability of failure are calculated based on the final constructed surrogate models. The proposed reliability analysis method can be used for systems with mixed variables. The proposed method is applicable to any existing surrogate models. A numerical example is investigate to show the applicability of the proposed method. |
15,606 | Please write an abstract with title: ASAP: A Synchronous Approach for Photo Sharing across Multiple Devices, and key words: Asia, Handheld computers, Digital cameras, Automation, Mobile communication, Organizing, Image databases, Spatial databases, Visual databases, Navigation. Abstract: Digital photos have become increasingly common and popular in mobile communications. However, due to the distribution of these photos captured in various devices, there is a need to develop new technologies to facilitate the sharing of large image collections across these devices for users. In this paper, we propose A Synchronous Approach for Photo sharing across multiple devices (ASAP). The ASAP provides a hierarchical two-level synchronization scheme, namely image-level and region-level. In the ASAP, a user’s interaction with any device automatically leads to a series of synchronous updates in other devices. Thus, the ASAP simultaneously presents similar images across devices in a way that allows automatic synchronization of images based on user interactions. Experimental evaluations indicate that it is effective and useful to improve image browsing experience across devices for users. |
15,607 | Please write an abstract with title: RCS Measurements for the Implementation in Radar Target Simulators, and key words: Antenna measurements, Radar cross-sections, Atmospheric measurements, Spaceborne radar, Roads, Scattering, Radar. Abstract: Automotive radar sensors play a vital role in the development of autonomous driving due to their ability to detect objects even under adverse conditions [1] . Besides that, radar sensors offer long range capability and compact size, which enables the implementation in tight spaces. The environmental sensing task in autonomous vehicles must be validated due the severity of an operational failure that endangers human life. Carrying out these validation tests in the field however, presents a risk to other traffic participants and involves a great effort since distances in the order of several hundred million kilometer have to be covered to ensure the proper functioning of the system [2] . Also, these test are not repeatable. For this reason, a so-called Vehicle-in-the-Loop (ViL) approach is considered using a end-of-line vehicle placed on a steerable chassis dynamometer with the ability to simulate real world test scenarios. Such Radar Target Simulators (RTS) are capable of performing end-of-line, over-the-air validation tests by looping back a received signal and afterwards modified radar signal. It is essential, that these simulated targets are very close to reality and can also be compared to test drive data. However, this requires that all involved phenomena are investigated and implemented correctly. The radar signal is emitted from the sensor, travels through the radar radio channel, is reflected at an object, and travels back through the radio channel to the receiver, which in the case of radar is typically at the same location as the transmitter. Wave propagation must therefore take into account multiple reflections and scattering from objects in addition to free space propagation. To take the scattering or the backscattering into account, the so-called RCS pattern is usually used. However, since modern automotive radars are capable of resolving individual scattering centers well in angle and distance, considering the target as a point scatterer is far from sufficient. Therefore, a measurement system is presented that is able to measure road users with high resolution. This is done by using a mmW FMCW Radar Sensor working in the frequency range from 76-81 GHz which is equipped with a highly-directive lens antenna. Several traffic participants like cars, bikes, motor bikes and vulnerable road users are measured in detail. Also, measurements are compared to different full wave simulations. However, the results of these measurements cannot be implemented into a Radar Target Simulators, since the number of antennas that are necessary to generate the scattering points is limited, e.g. four antennas [3] . For this reason, the measured scattering points must be combined into relevant scattering clusters, which can then also be simulated with the limited number of antennas of the radar target simulator. The used radar target simulators in this approach is capable of generating echoes by using eight antennas. Each of the scattering clusters is consequently implanted in the wave propagation by its specific RCS pattern. |
15,608 | Please write an abstract with title: Superconducting joint of multifilamentary Bi(Pb)-Sr-Ca-Cu-O tapes, and key words: Multifilamentary superconductors, Superconducting films, Bismuth compounds, Mechanical factors, Superconducting filaments and wires, Critical current, Power system interconnection, Microstructure, Powders, Degradation. Abstract: We joined BSCCO(2223) multifilamentary tapes and evaluated their electrical and mechanical properties. In the process, two superconducting-joint methods were used; one is direct connection of two multifilamentary tapes (MM-joint), and the other is connection of them by using one or two single filamentary tape (MSM-) and double-MSM- joint. The critical current ratio (CCR) and n-value of the jointed tapes were evaluated as a function of uniaxial pressure. It was observed that the CCR and n-value were 24.8-29.0% and 2.5-2.8, respectively, for MM-jointed tape. On the other hand, the corresponding values were improved to 24.8-53.9% and 2.9-4.1 for MSM- and 63.4-76.0% and 3.5-5.1 for double-MSM-jointed tape, respectively. The highest electrical properties of double-MSM-joint are considered to be due to the presence of single core, resulting in better interconnections of multifilaments between the two tapes. The mechanical property of jointed tape was also evaluated and correlated to the microstructural evolution. |
15,609 | Please write an abstract with title: Forecasting the Electrical Demand at the Port of Gävle Container Terminal, and key words: Europe, Stochastic processes, Artificial neural networks, Containers, Seaports, Predictive models, Smart grids. Abstract: The port industry is transforming into a smart port thanks to technological advancements and environmental expectations. Developing a sustainable maritime transportation system and its beneficial electrification as a proven approach in emissions reduction are gathering momentum due to technological growth. Global containerization leads to high electricity demand at container terminals, and the electricity demand is highly dynamic and dependent on different operation processes. The approach of this paper is to forecast the hourly peak load demand and short-term electricity demand profile in a container terminal. The correctly forecasted electricity demand profile is crucial for less expensive and reliable power operation and planning. First, Artificial Neural Network (ANN) method is used to predict the container terminal baseload demand. Second, worst-case simultaneous peak load is estimated. Third, the day-ahead load profile is modeled based on the handling operation scheduled for the day. The approach is implemented at the container terminal in Port of Gävle, and the results, including the baseload forecasting, the peak power demand, and the hourly load profile modeling by 2030, have been used in dialogue with the local energy company for the future predicted need of load. |
15,610 | Please write an abstract with title: Effect of conductive-zone sizes and positions on the characteristics of discharge activity on a solid insulation surface, and key words: Surface discharges, Fault location, Insulators, Discharges (electric), Sparks, Electric fields, Surface treatment. Abstract: The work considers partial discharge activity on the insulator surface that is partially covered with water (conductive zones). A discharge is characterized by the magnitude of the apparent charge passing through the system when the conductive zones short out with a spark. The present work shows how various configurations of conductive zones (their size, distance between them, location on the insulator) affect the mean interzone electric field and the apparent charge. Attention is paid not only to the onset of discharge activity when the surface of the insulator is still hydrophobic, but also to the case when the hydrophobicity is lost and discharges occur between conductive films covering a large area of the insulator. The research is carried out with the help of computer simulation using Comsol Multiphysics software package. The results show that the characteristic apparent-charge value indicates the state of the insulator surface: there are only droplets, isolated shed-sized conducting zones, or large conducting zones that cover most of the surface. |
15,611 | Please write an abstract with title: Optimized Modulation Scheme of Three-level Dual Active Bridge Converter, and key words: Modulation, Bridge circuits, Switching loss, High-voltage techniques, Zero voltage switching, Zero current switching, Inductors. Abstract: This paper focuses on optimizing the modulation strategy of the Neutral Point Clamped Hybrid Three-level dual active bridge (NH3L-DAB) converter. For a kind of applications with high input voltage and large output current, a multi-objective optimized modulation scheme is introduced. The proposed modulation method can achieve zero voltage switching in high voltage side, zero current switching in large current side, and low RMS value of inductor current, therefore, it can reduce both conduction losses and switching losses. At last, the experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed modulation method. |
15,612 | Please write an abstract with title: Sulfur- and InGaP-passivated heterojunction bipolar transistors, and key words: Heterojunction bipolar transistors, Gallium arsenide, Surface treatment, Sea surface, Spontaneous emission, Leakage current, Passivation, Surface emitting lasers, Etching, Optical device fabrication. Abstract: We have been successfully implemented for the InGaP/GaAs heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) with the sulfur-treated GaAs base layer comparing with HBTs fabricated using emitter-edge thinning InGaP layer. As compared with non-passivated HBTs with an exposed extrinsic GaAs base, the improved base leakage current for InGaP-passivated HBTs is due to the inherent low surface recombination velocity associated with an InGaP layer. In views of the sulfur-passivated HBTs exhibited an enhanced current gain is attributed to the modification of the GaAs surface electronic properties. The maximum dc current gain available is 75 at low base current for sulfur-passivated HBTs. The sulfur-passivated devices also exhibit very good linearity in wide range of collector (10/sup -5/ to 10/sup -1/ A). Furthermore, detailed sulfur-treatment conditions and effects on device performance are investigated. |
15,613 | Please write an abstract with title: Editor in chief's message - Following the ebb and flow at CG&A, and key words: Computer graphics, Computer science, User interfaces, Visualization, Telematics, Software libraries, Computer Society, Collaboration, Application software. Abstract: Presents the editorial for this issue of the publication. |
15,614 | Please write an abstract with title: Automatic Assessment Of Hip Effusion From MRI, and key words: Deep learning, Sensitivity, Pain, Magnetic resonance imaging, Volume measurement, Time measurement, Convolutional neural networks. Abstract: Joint effusion is a hallmark of osteoarthritis (OA) associated with stiffness, and may relate to pain, disability, and long-term outcomes. However, it is difficult to quantify accurately. We propose a new Deep Learning (DL) approach for automatic effusion assessment from Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) using volumetric quantification measures (VQM). We developed a new multiplane ensemble convolutional neural network (CNN) approach for 1) localizing bony anatomy and 2) detecting effusion regions. CNNs were trained on femoral head and effusion regions manually segmented from 3856 images (63 patients). Upon validation on a non-overlapping set of 2040 images (34 patients) DL showed high agreement with ground-truth in terms of Dice score (0.85), sensitivity (0.86) and precision (0.83). Agreement of VQM per-patient was high for DL vs experts in term of Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC)= 0.88[0.80,0.93]. We expect this technique to reduce inter-observer variability in effusion assessment, reducing expert time and potentially improving the quality of OA care.Clinical Relevance— Our technique for automatic assessment of hip MRI can be used for volumetric measurement of effusion. We expect this to reduce variability in OA biomarker assessment and provide more reliable indicators for disease progression. |
15,615 | Please write an abstract with title: Avoiding DC link oscillations in drives, and key words: DC motors, Oscillators, Steady-state, Induction motors, Numerical stability, Inverters, Power system stability. Abstract: Variable speed drives often contains a DC link with a passive filter to decrease the Total Harmonic Distortion of the input currents. Unfortunately the interaction of the motor with this filter may yield an undesirable sustained oscillation in the DC link. We propose a simple yet effective strategy to avoid this phenomenon, by suitably manipulating the inverter duty cycles. The stability analysis, based on the mathematical theory of averaging, is interesting in itself as a means to study oscillations in power systems. |
15,616 | Please write an abstract with title: Measurements of a Dynamic 60 GHz Radio Channel in an Open-Space Office, and key words: 60 GHz, indoor propagation measurements, dynamic channel, VNA, path loss, PDF, CDF. Abstract: In this work, we study the dynamic 60 GHz radio propagation channel conducted by measurements in an open-space office. These measurements quantify the effect of natural people movements on the path loss before and during working hours. Thus, it's possible to compare the effect produced by these movements with the static case when the office is empty of people. Measurements were performed using a vector network analyzer (VNA) operating on 2 GHz bandwidth. 9900 measures of power loss were recorded over eleven hours of measurements for each receiver position. Five receiver positions were considered to study three cases of receiver positions type: the line-of-sight (LOS), the obstructed-line-of-sight (OLOS) and the non-line-of-sight (NLOS). The obtained results allow to compute successively the channel path loss (PL), its probability density function (PDF) and its cumulative distribution function (CDF). Finally we compare the evolution of the dynamic channel in the presence of people at 5.8 GHz and at 60 GHz in the same environment. The dynamic channel propagation measurements provide a statistical characterization for the power loss into a realistic environment and will be useful for the deployment of wireless local and personal area networks (WLAN/WPAN) operating in the millimeter-wave (mmWave) bands. |
15,617 | Please write an abstract with title: Pseudo random patterns using Markov sources for scan BIST, and key words: Built-in self-test, Circuit testing, Circuit faults, Test pattern generators, Hardware, Fault detection, Integrated circuit testing, Costs, Cities and towns, Sun. Abstract: Proposes a new pseudo-random pattern generator for scan circuits. The proposed generator uses Markov sources to capture spatial correlations between consecutive bits inside a scan chain as defined by weight sets generated using a weighted random pattern testing method. The weight set generation is based on the analysis of deterministic test sets. The BIST scheme that uses the proposed pattern generator iteratively modifies the generator behavior to obtain a full fault coverage. Experiments conducted on large benchmark circuits demonstrate that the proposed BIST methodology can achieve full fault coverage with a small number of tests and a small hardware overhead. |
15,618 | Please write an abstract with title: Learning to Localise and Count with Incomplete Dot-annotations, and key words: Training, Heating systems, Head, Annotations, Training data, Semisupervised learning, Fatigue. Abstract: Annotating training data is a time consuming and labor intensive process in deep learning, especially for images with many objects present. In this paper, we propose a method to allow deep networks to be trained on data with reduced numbers of annotations per image in heatmap regression tasks (e.g. object localisation and counting), by applying an asymmetric loss function. This reduction of annotations can be imposed by the researchers by asking annotators to intentionally label only 50% of what they see in each image - a form of ’few-click’ annotation. Our method also has a secondary benefit of counteracting unintentionally missing labels from the annotators. We conduct experiments on wheat spikelet localisation and crowd counting to assess the effectiveness and robustness of our method. Results show that an asymmetric loss function is effective across different models and datasets, even in very extreme cases with limited annotations provided (e.g. 90% of the original annotations reduced). Whilst tuning of the key parameters is required, we find that setting conservative parameter values can help more realistic situations, where only small amounts of data have been missed by annotators. |
15,619 | Please write an abstract with title: Service-oriented business integration and management in telecom, and key words: Telecommunication services, Software systems, Technology management, Customer relationship management, Next generation networking, Service oriented architecture, Computer architecture, Programming, Technological innovation, Business communication. Abstract: With the new sophisticated relationships established among the telecom service providers, equipment vendors, sales/marketing departments and clients, the telecom service providers and the telecom companies are faced with the problem of how to meet their clients' demands with fewer expenses and in shorter time periods. The service-oriented integration (SOI) method may be viewed as an essential and useful way to solve this problem. This paper, following the principles and technologies provided by NGOSS (2004), has presented a new service-oriented integration platform, that allows various heterogeneous telecom software systems to work together according to some sequence stipulated by business processes; in addition, this paper has also discussed a service-oriented analysis and design (SOAD) (Olaf Zimmerm et al.) solution that made a clear relationship between the telecom services and components; and described a simple service process management framework that might be used for managing service processes for telecom enterprises. |
15,620 | Please write an abstract with title: Quantitative Performance Comparison of Various Traffic Shapers in Time-Sensitive Networking, and key words: Upper bound, Standards, Switches, Real-time systems, Delays, Performance analysis, Jitter. Abstract: Owning to the sub-standards being developed by IEEE Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) Task Group, the traditional IEEE 802.1 Ethernet is enhanced to support real-time dependable communications for future time- and safety-critical applications. Several sub-standards have been recently proposed that introduce various traffic shapers (e.g., Time-Aware Shaper (TAS), Asynchronous Traffic Shaper (ATS), Credit-Based Shaper (CBS), Strict Priority (SP)) for flow control mechanisms of queuing and scheduling, targeting different application requirements. These shapers can be used in isolation or combination and there is limited work that analyzes, evaluates, and compares their performance, which makes it challenging for end-users to choose the right combination for their applications. This paper aims at (i) quantitatively comparing various traffic shapers and their combinations, (ii) summarizing, classifying, and extending the architectures of individual and combined traffic shapers and their Network calculus (NC)-based performance analysis methods, and (iii) filling the gap in the timing analysis research on handling ATS and CBS used for different priority queues, and two novel hybrid architectures of combined traffic shapers, i.e., TAS+ATS+SP and TAS+ATS+CBS when ATS and CBS used at the same queue. A large number of experiments, using both synthetic and realistic test cases, are carried out for quantitative performance comparisons of various individual and combined traffic shapers, from the perspective of upper bounds of delay, backlog, and jitter. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to quantitatively compare the performance of the main traffic shapers in TSN. The paper aims at supporting the researchers and practitioners in the selection of suitable TSN sub-protocols for their use cases. |
15,621 | Please write an abstract with title: Software/network co-simulation of heterogeneous industrial networks architectures, and key words: Computer industry, Computer architecture, Electrical equipment industry, Analytical models, Embedded software, Middleware, Real time systems, Operating systems, Manufacturing automation, Application software. Abstract: This work presents a modeling and analysis framework for heterogeneous industrial networks architectures, which is based on a tight integration of a network simulator with embedded software, middleware and a real-time operating system. This framework is suitable for modeling and simulating the behavior of typical components involved in factory automation applications (e.g., PLCs, remote controllers, operational screens, etc.) when they are connected through heterogeneous industrial networks. Experiments show that the framework allows to take early architectural decisions by evaluating the expected system performance based on the available models. |
15,622 | Please write an abstract with title: Matched and Mismatched Estimation of Kronecker Product of Linearly Structured Scatter Matrices Under Elliptical Distributions, and key words: Covariance matrices, Data models, Jacobian matrices, Generators, Brain modeling, Symmetric matrices, Shape. Abstract: The estimation of covariance matrices is a core problem in many modern adaptive signal processing applications. For matrix- and array-valued data, e.g., MIMO communication, EEG/MEG (time versus channel), the covariance matrix of vectorized data may belong to the non-convex set of Kronecker product structure. In addition, the Kronecker factors can also exhibit an additional linear structure. Taking this prior knowledge into account during the estimation process drastically reduces the amount of unknown parameters, and then improves the estimation accuracy. On the other hand, the broad class of complex elliptically symmetric distributions, as well as the related complex angular elliptical distribution, are particularly suited to model heavy-tailed multivariate data. In this context, we first establish novel robust estimators of scatter and shape matrices (both related to a covariance matrix), having a Kronecker product structure with linearly structured Kronecker factors. Then, we conduct a theoretical analysis of their asymptotic performance (i.e., consistency, asymptotic distribution and efficiency), in matched and mismatched scenarios, i.e., when misspecifications between the true and assumed models occur. Finally, numerical results illustrate the theoretical analysis and assess the usefulness of the proposed estimators. |
15,623 | Please write an abstract with title: Multimodal E-Commerce Product Classification Using Hierarchical Fusion, and key words: Deep learning, Visualization, Neural networks, Data science, Feature extraction, Transformers, Data models. Abstract: In this work, we present a multi-modal model for commercial product classification, that combines features extracted by multiple neural network models from textual (Camem-BERT and FlauBERT) and visual data (SE-ResNeXt-50), using simple fusion techniques. The proposed method significantly outperformed the performance of the unimodal models, as well as the reported performance of similar models on our specific task. We made experiments with multiple fusing techniques, and found, that the best preforming technique to combine the individual embedding of the unimodal network is based on the combination of concatenation and averaging the feature vectors. Each modality complemented the shortcomings of the other modalities, demonstrating that increasing the number of modalities can be an effective method for improving the performance of multi-label and multimodal classification problems. |
15,624 | Please write an abstract with title: Robust Tracking via Learning Model Update With Unsupervised Anomaly Detection Philosophy, and key words: Target tracking, Anomaly detection, Reliability, Noise measurement, Visualization, Philosophical considerations, Transformers. Abstract: Template tracking is a typical paradigm to adaptively locate arbitrary objects in the tracking literature. Although existing works present diverse template updating approaches, one of the essential problems of template updating has not been solved effectively, i.e., when and how to update a template. In this work, we treat the updating time as an abnormal moment that indicates the previous template cannot depict the target accurately any more. Thus, we introduce an effective State-Edge Awareness (SEA) module that detect such abnormal moments via unsupervised anomaly detection. To be specific, by retaining multi search frames of a video, SEA firstly analysis the correlation features that generated by the template and search images. Then, it estimates the measurement for abnormal degree that is regarded as the sign for template updating. As a result, our method can not only capture the updating time automatically, but also update the templates effectively. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the proposed method has been verified on a representative CNN-based and Transformer-based tracker, respectively. The experimental results on five popular benchmarks show that our tracker can achieve the state-of-the-art performance. |
15,625 | Please write an abstract with title: Organizational Closeness Centralities of Workflow-Supported Performer-to-Activity Affiliation Networks, and key words: Social networking (online), Knowledge engineering, Visualization, Organizations, Analytical models, Mathematical model, Particle measurements. Abstract: A workflow model specifies execution sequences of the associated activities and their affiliated relationships with roles, performers, invoked-applications, and relevant data. These affiliated relationships exhibit a series of valuable human-centered organizational knowledge and are utilized for exploring human resource's work patterns. This paper focuses not only on a specific type of affiliated relationships between performers and activities, in particular, which forms a performer-to-activity affiliation network, but also on a specific type of analysis techniques, which builds a closeness centrality measurement approach for quantifying the degrees of farnesses between performers as well as between activities. In other words, this paper investigates a series of formal approaches for building organizational closeness centrality measurement techniques on the specific type of affiliation networks. The investigation mainly deploys two types of algorithmic formalisms along with an operational example, which are measuring performer-centered organizational closeness centralities and activity-centered organizational closeness centralities, respectively. In order to validate the deployed algorithmic equations, the paper carries out a couple of operational experiments; One is on an ICN-based workflow package and the other is on a discovered workflow model mined from a dataset of workflow event logs. Summarily, this paper devises a series of algorithms and equations for measuring closeness centralities of activities, verify the devised algorithms and their related equations along with operational examples, and discuss the ultimate implications of these analysis techniques of organizational closeness centrality measurements as the performer-to-activity affiliation networking knowledge in workflow-supported organizations. |
15,626 | Please write an abstract with title: Hydraulic Model of a Lifting and Handling Manipulator, and key words: Solid modeling, Uncertainty, Robot kinematics, Two dimensional displays, Hydraulic systems, Production, Mathematical model. Abstract: This publication concerns hydraulic robots used in flexible production lines, in fact in hydraulic systems, energy is transmitted and controlled by means of a pressurized fluid circulating in a circuit. which form a new series of applications pick & place (Patents: N° 9507799623622 AL 1996088,9622856 AL 19960801, 9620818 AL 19960711…). Circuit diagrams are an aid facilitating the understanding, study and description of production cells. The new, very simple structure of the hydraulic robot is a novelty in Algeria and has been adapted to the data of a production line made up of seven production lines.In order to avoid any confusion and error during development, production, installation and maintenance and in order to transform this production line into a flexible cell, it appears essential that these diagrams be linked to a standardized representation. |
15,627 | Please write an abstract with title: Brain Tumor Recognition and Categorization in MRI Images Utilizing Optimal Deep Belief Network, and key words: Image recognition, Magnetic resonance imaging, RLC circuits, Magnetic resonance, Organizations, Feature extraction, Reliability. Abstract: Brain tumors are the most prevalent and deadly disease, with a life expectancy of only a few years at best. MRI images are used to investigate a brain tumor in this study. Although, the vast quota of data provided using a Magnetic Resonance Image scan necessitates physical tumor recognition for a certain moment. However, it has some limitations in the terms of providing reliable quantitative measures for a small number of photos. To prevent the death rate of a human, trustworthy and spontaneous grouping techniques are required. Automatic brain tumor classification is a tough undertaking because of the large geographical and structural diversity of the tumor’s outer areas. In this paper proposed CNN classifier is developed to detect brain tumors. An anisotropic filter is used to perform the morphological procedures. The previous methods do not have efficient feature extraction and classification. Medical images are choosen as dataset. The dataset consists of 3064 T1-weighted contrast-enhanced images with three types of brain tumors. Trimmed the mri images accordingly to give them as input to the model. The proposed method shows an average accuracy of 96.5% |
15,628 | Please write an abstract with title: Phase sensitive laser probe for high-frequency surface acoustic wave measurements, and key words: Probes, Surface acoustic waves, Surface emitting lasers, Acoustic waves, Acoustic measurements, Phase measurement, Acoustic beams, Optical surface waves, Surface waves, Acoustic signal detection. Abstract: Field measurements of surface acoustic waves can be performed by coherent light in several ways. A method is described where a laser beam is focused to a small spot on the surface to obtain phase and amplitude infomation. A modified knife-edge technique has been applied in combination with amplitude modulation of the laser beam and single-side-band modulation of the surface wave. The apparatus has proven to be a powerful and flexible analytical tool. It is able to retieve phase and amplitude information from a traveling wave, and a partially standing wave can be characterized in terms of phase and amplitude of its two haveling wave components. The apparatus has been used up to 450 MHz. |
15,629 | Please write an abstract with title: Enhanced Convergent PNP Algorithms For Image Restoration, and key words: Training, Deconvolution, Conferences, Artificial neural networks, Data science, Data models, Image restoration. Abstract: Image restoration has long been one of the key research topics in image processing. Many mathematical approaches have been developed to solve this problem, e.g., variational methods, wavelet techniques, or Bayesian methods. With the widespread of neural network (NN) models in all the subdomains of data science, the performance limits of these methods are further pushed. One of the most successful strategies consists of plugging NNs in existing optimization algorithms. However, so doing raises several mathematical and practical challenges. One of the main issues is to secure the convergence of the resulting iterative scheme. Further questions concerning the characterization of the reached limit are also worth being addressed. In this paper, we show that the theory of maximally monotone operators allows us to bring insightful answers to these problems and to design firmly nonexpansive NNs; combining these with postprocessing NNs leads to excellent global restoration quality. |
15,630 | Please write an abstract with title: Field-oriented control of induction motors with direct rotor current estimation, and key words: Induction motors, Rotors, Induction machines, Stators, Equations, Magnetic flux, Costs, Voltage, Inductance, Mathematical model. Abstract: This paper demonstrates the implementation of field-oriented control and rotor current estimation of an induction machine. A mathematical model was developed in Matlab/Simulink. A control system was implemented on a three-phase wound field induction motor to confirm the proposed method and estimated rotor currents. A dSPCAE embedded real time controller is used to implement the control and experimental results have been obtained to confirm the proposed method. |
15,631 | Please write an abstract with title: Supporting complex problem solving in BME education, and key words: Problem-solving, Biomedical engineering, Computer science, Biological system modeling, Educational products, Educational programs, Context modeling, Engineering in medicine and biology, Tissue engineering, Genetic engineering. Abstract: A problem-based learning curriculum is designed to help students develop the reasoning strategies used by experts when solving real-world problems. In this paper we discuss our efforts over the last two years to develop support or scaffolding to help students develop reasoning and modeling strategies in the context of solving complex, ill-structured biomedical education (BME) problems. We report on our first unsuccessful attempts to use scaffolding from medical education, our move towards a more engineering approach and the learning outcomes of that move towards a different form of scaffolding. |
15,632 | Please write an abstract with title: Analytical characterization of a quasi-lossless Raman-amplified fibre transmission scheme, and key words: Optical propagation, Optical fiber communication, Optical noise, Gratings, Attenuation, Equations, Distributed amplifiers, Optical losses, Propagation losses, Spontaneous emission. Abstract: In this paper, we explore theoretically a novel amplifier scheme, that combines second order bidirectional pumping and fiber Bragg grating reflectors to achieve quasi-lossless transmission over long spans. The scheme is shown to significantly reduce the signal power variation over the span as compared to commonly used schemes with the same number of pump sources. It is concluded that it can be practical to analyze a simplified system of three equations, obtained by neglecting noise terms, that would allow us to better understand the physical mechanisms and to find analytical estimates for the required pump power or the power variations along the fibre span |
15,633 | Please write an abstract with title: Identification of Cancer Cell Population Dynamics Leveraging the Effect of Pre-Treatment for Drug Schedule Design, and key words: Drugs, Switched systems, Schedules, Toxicology, Biological system modeling, Sociology, Dynamic scheduling. Abstract: Sequences of different drugs have shown potential to improve treatment strategies for cancer. Typical switched system approaches model the population dynamics of each drug independently, not rigorously considering the effects of pretreatment or drug-drug interactions. In this paper, a general model family incorporating pre-treatment effects and biological domain knowledge is proposed, and a model from this family is identified by using a novel experimental data set of two-drug sequences. Leveraging the data, a simulator for the cell population dynamics under sequences of up to nine drugs is developed and used to empirically evaluate the performance of a set of closed-loop drug scheduling controllers. We used the controllers to identifying promising drug schedules in silico and evaluated them in vitro. The experiments validated the effectiveness of the identified schedules in reducing the number of living cells to less than 10% of the initial. While only treating with certain toxic drugs achieves similar effectiveness, the schedules use toxic drugs for significantly shorter times which likely reduces toxicity to non-cancer cells. |
15,634 | Please write an abstract with title: Automatic Transient Stability Simulation and Assessment Scheme Based on RTDS, and key words: transient stability simulation, transient stability assessment, real-time digital simulator (RTDS), automation. Abstract: Due to the increasing grid-connected renewable energy generation, the operating conditions of power systems are more changeable, which puts forward higher requirements for power system stability. Efficient transient stability simulation and accurate assessment become essential. To this end, an automatic transient stability simulation and assessment (AUTO-TSS&A) scheme is proposed based on the real-time digital simulation system (RTDS). The scheme is composed of two parts, namely the automatic generation of fault scenarios and the automatic assessment of transient stability. The former part automatically switches different fault scenarios based on the script function of RTDS. The latter part accurately evaluates the transient stability using the instability criterion of phase trajectory’s concave-convexity. Through the RTDS simulation of an actual 1000kV grid simplified model, the proposed scheme is proved to be effective, accurate, and efficient in transient stability simulation and assessment of large-scale power grid. |
15,635 | Please write an abstract with title: Algorithm Partitioning including Optimized Data-Reuse for Processor Arrays, and key words: Partitioning algorithms, Parallel processing, Computer architecture, Optimization methods, Finite impulse response filter, Handheld computers, Hardware, Algorithm design and analysis, Circuits and systems, Information technology. Abstract: This paper describes a method for algorithm partitioning through which affine indexed algorithms are transformed to Processor Arrays. Former design flows start with a spacetime transformation which we omit completely. Therefore, we are able to consider the constraints of a target architecture at the beginning of our design flow. We show our method for three different partitioning schemes and emphasize on the derivation of a schedule. The principle of an optimized data-reuse is introduced for our partitioning methodology. Under this aspect, we give a parameterized Processor Array for the 2D FIR filter algorithm. |
15,636 | Please write an abstract with title: Asynchronous optical performance monitor techniques for DWDM optical networks, and key words: Optical fiber networks, Monitoring, Wavelength division multiplexing, Nonlinear optics, Synchronization, System performance, Employee welfare, Clocks, Bit rate, Optical pulses. Abstract: The current techniques of optical system performance monitoring are described and characterized. From the available techniques, we focus our attention on the asynchronous Q method, and it is described and evaluated for several working conditions. This technique allows optical performance monitoring without synchronization, thus allowing the performance monitor to work at a much lower ratio and without performing clock recovery/synchronization, which is quite a hard and expensive task to perform, especially if considering different bit rates and pulse formats. The results of this technique are discussed, taking into account linear and nonlinear effects. Its resilience to the pulse format is also observed by considering a square pulse, where the "on" time is much more evident than the transition time, and a raised cosine pulse where the conditions are reversed. Some experimental results are shown and validated with the synchronous BER testing standard technique. |
15,637 | Please write an abstract with title: An evaluation of an FPGA run-time support system, and key words: Field programmable gate arrays, Frequency selective surfaces, Hardware, Application software, Silicon, Embedded computing, High performance computing, Operating systems, Processor scheduling, Context. Abstract: In a previous paper we presented the concept, design and implementation of an FPGA run-time support system (FSS) for a dynamically reconfigurable FPGA. In this paper we discuss our experiences in running applications on the system. Problems with tool support meant that the full capability of the device could not be exploited; nevertheless, a significant application was executed under FSS control on the system. We discuss how both the application itself and the FSS were tuned to improve overall performance. The paper concludes by considering how our experience impacts upon the development of FSS-like software for the latest generation of reconfigurable devices. |
15,638 | Please write an abstract with title: Large-orbit M-type oscillator with the adiabatic electron-optical system, and key words: Oscillators, Frequency, Electrons, Gyrotrons, Cyclotrons, Magnetostatic waves, Resonance, Magnetic fields, Electromagnetic waveguides, Power generation. Abstract: The large-orbit M-type oscillator with the adiabatic electron-optical system in the specific drift-orbital resonance mode is considered. A theoretical analysis of electron trajectories is made. According to early estimates, this system is free from shortcomings typical for a gyrotron and a peniotron when an operating wavelength becomes shortened to a millimeter and submillimeter band. |
15,639 | Please write an abstract with title: Robust Traffic Prediction From Spatial–Temporal Data Based on Conditional Distribution Learning, and key words: Training, Convolution, Graph neural networks, Probability distribution, Learning systems, Deep learning. Abstract: Traffic prediction based on massive speed data collected from traffic sensors plays an important role in traffic management. However, it is still challenging to obtain satisfactory performance due to the complex and dynamic spatial-temporal correlations among the data. Recently, many research works have demonstrated the effectiveness of graph neural networks (GNNs) for spatial–temporal modeling. However, such models are restricted by conditional distribution during training, and may not perform well when the target is outside the primary region of interest in the distribution. In this article, we address this problem with a stagewise learning mechanism, in which we redefine speed prediction as a conditional distribution learning followed by speed regression. We first perform a conditional distribution learning for each observed speed class, and then obtain speed prediction by optimizing regression learning, based on the learned conditional distribution. To effectively learn the conditional distribution, we introduce a mean–residue loss, consisting of two parts: 1) a mean loss, which penalizes the differences between the mean of the estimated conditional distribution and the ground truth and 2) a residue loss, which penalizes residue errors of the long tails in the distribution. To optimize the subsequent regression based on distribution information, we combine the mean absolute error (MAE) as another part of the loss function. We also incorporate a GNN-based architecture with our proposed learning mechanism. Mean–residue loss is employed to supervise the hidden speed representation in the network at each time interval, followed by a shared layer to recalibrate the hidden temporal dependencies in the conditional distribution. The experimental results based on three public traffic datasets have demonstrated that the effectiveness of the proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art methods. |
15,640 | Please write an abstract with title: Improving operational efficiency of Web services with mobile agent technology, and key words: Web services, Mobile agents, Application software, Service oriented architecture, Computer science, Software engineering, Information technology, Computer architecture, Information security, IP networks. Abstract: The distributed environment has often been described as unpredictable and variable, thus exposing hosted applications to potential reliability and performance related problems. The Web service architecture lacks support for applications to handle potential problems (including system overloading, insufficient performance, and security threats). This paper proposes and describes an implemented mechanism to address the lack of a formalized infrastructure for handling some of the potential problems, using the mobile agent technology. In particular, we propose a nomadic and adaptive Web service infrastructure, which facilitates applications to autonomously react to operational issues arising during execution. Further, the process of Web service relocation is also demonstrated and implementation has also been discussed. |
15,641 | Please write an abstract with title: A Highly Linear Dual-Stage Amplifier With Beyond 1.75-THz Gain–Bandwidth Product, and key words: Bandwidth, Gain, Linearity, Optical fiber amplifiers, DH-HEMTs, Optical variables measurement, Optical buffering. Abstract: This work reports a multipurpose highly linear ultrawideband amplifier with a gain-bandwidth product (GBP) of 1.75 THz, the highest reported in any monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) process. A transimpedance amplifier is cascaded with a distributed amplifier, emulating a receiver subsystem. Using a diamond heat spreader, to dissipate heat from transistors, the cascaded amplification subsystem can achieve very high output third-order-intercept point (OIP3) from 20 to 24 dBm when measured between 5 and 65 GHz. A small-signal average gain of 24 dB is observed over a frequency range exceeding the maximum measurable bandwidth from dc to 110 GHz. Compared with other ultrawideband MMIC amplifiers beyond 110-GHz bandwidth, the circuit offers a unique combination of high linearity (OIP3) and high gain. As a result, the cascaded amplifier is suitable for applications in optical-electrical converters, spectroscopy, and ultrawideband measurement systems in the subterahertz frequency range. |
15,642 | Please write an abstract with title: SVM combined Inversion Control Method in Microbial Fermentation, and key words: Support vector machines, Nonlinear systems, Control systems, Uncertainty, Mathematical model, Real-time systems, Tools. Abstract: Microbial fermentation productive process is a kind of high nonlinear system with uncertainty. Some key variables of these systems are difficult to measure, which influence the control and optimism of these systems severely. To realize the control of a microbial fermentation, we adopted right inversion method to linearize and decouple the original system and adopted left inversion method to obtain the directly immeasurable variables. This method combines the left inversion and right inversion to control a system, so it can be called the combined inversion control method. The corresponding controller can be called combined inversion controller. We adopted support vector machine (SVM) together with several differentiators and an integrator to construct the above controller to overcome the problems caused by the severe nonlinear and uncertainty of the microbial fermentation, and an SVM combined inversion controller came into being. The simulation results indicate that, the method presented in this paper can well implement the control of such systems as microbial fermentation with directly immeasurable variables. |
15,643 | Please write an abstract with title: A technique for freeing assignment of time slots for individual cell in TDD system, and key words: Interference cancellation, Frequency synchronization, Radio frequency, Sun, Radiofrequency interference, Power system modeling, Frequency conversion, Protocols, Multiaccess communication, Data communication. Abstract: The paper proposes a TDD-CDMA system, whose TS assignment can be freely switched in an individual cell for increasing further the band efficiency in adapting to the local asymmetric transmission requirements. The inter-cell interference is analyzed for this kind of operation, in which one finds that the interference of BS to BS imposes the most difficulty for implementation. To solve this problem, the concept of frequency reuse is applied to attenuate the interference power in terms of radio frequency (RF) power to a certain amount. In addition, a digital interference canceller is proposed to cancel the remaining interference to a negligible level. Based on the Poisson model of the access, the system capacity is estimated. The results show that the capacities can be increased by a factor of 11% for the DL channel and 27% for the UL channel in comparison with the conventional system, i.e. the UL and DL channel transmissions are synchronized for all cells. |
15,644 | Please write an abstract with title: MemGaze: Rapid and Effective Load-Level Memory Trace Analysis, and key words: Measurement, Sequences, System performance, Prefetching, Data structures, Phasor measurement units, Registers. Abstract: A challenge of memory trace analysis is combining detailed analysis and low overhead measurement. Currently, hardware/software-based analysis of load-level sequences easily incurs time slowdowns of 100x. We present MemGaze, a tool for low-overhead, high-resolution memory trace analysis. MemGaze uses Intel's Processor Tracing (PT) instruction ptwrite to collect sampled and compressed memory address traces for load-level, sequence-aware analysis of data reuse. We describe multi-resolution analysis for locations vs. operations, accesses vs. spatio-temporal reuse, and reuse (distance, rate, volume) vs. access patterns. Both trace size and resolution are controllable. We use MemGaze to elucidate the memory effects of different data structures and algorithms. For sampled traces that are ≈ 1 % of a full one, analysis metrics have 1-25% MAPE for histograms of varying dynamic sequence lengths. With current suboptimal kernel support (PT runs continuously), MemGaze's time overhead is typically 10-95%; 7x at worst. However, when PT runs only during samples, overhead is 10–35 % on memory intensive regions and correlates with executed ptwrites. |
15,645 | Please write an abstract with title: Implementation of digital controller for a 6/4 pole switched reluctance motor drive, and key words: Digital control, Reluctance motors, Velocity control, Reluctance machines, Three-term control, Signal processing algorithms, Mathematical model, Digital signal processors, Steady-state, Time factors. Abstract: In this paper, a advanced digital speed control scheme is presented, that is developed to overcome the drawbacks existing in the previous speed control schemes, which were proposed for switched reluctance motor (SRM) drives. It is based on discrete P, PI and PID control algorithm, and does not require complex mathematical models or large look up tables. The scheme is implemented by using a TMS320F2812 digital signal processor. The real-time experimental results given in this paper show that the speed control method proposed could provide accurate speed control and over a wide range of speeds, and can also perform accurately at different operating conditions (steady state/transient operation under soft chopping mode). The closed-loop SRM speed control system is seen to achieve /spl plusmn/0.01 speed accuracy, depending on the needed operating speed range, with a step response settling time of 0.25 to 1.05 seconds. Complete descriptions of the experimental system, along with software operating instructions, are presented. |
15,646 | Please write an abstract with title: The quantum control limit to a single electron transistor and operation frequency improvements, and key words: Single electron transistors, Frequency, Equations, Tunneling, Quantum dots, Stochastic processes, Information systems, Uncertainty, Mathematical model, Magnetic flux. Abstract: The Single Electron Transistor (SET) is regarded as one of the most promising quantum devices for advanced high capacitive information systems in the future. To analyze time dependent characteristics of SET and depict factors determining the device speed, three states probability equations, which are useful and effective for practical evaluations, are suggested and solved. The quantum control limit to the maximum operation frequency of SET is evaluated from the viewpoint of the uncertainty principle between an electric charge and a magnetic flux. |
15,647 | Please write an abstract with title: Cybercrime and Vulnerability of Ukrainian Critical Information Infrastructure, and key words: Computer crime, Critical infrastructure, Companies. Abstract: The paper deals with cybersecurity issues of objects of critical information infrastructures that are essential in the state's defense capability, its economic and social development. The dynamics of cybercrime in Ukraine and the world is analyzed. Ways to improve the protection of the state's critical information infrastructure have been identified. |
15,648 | Please write an abstract with title: Effect of Titanium oxide Nanofiller on the Electrical Properties of Polypropylene Nanocomposites for HVDC Insulation, and key words: Insulation, X-ray scattering, Temperature, Electric breakdown, Nanocomposites, HVDC transmission, Loading. Abstract: Polypropylene (PP) is considered as a potential insulation material to replace conventional cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) in high voltage direct current (HVDC) as it possesses excellent thermal and electrical properties. This paper aims to investigate the effect of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanofillers on the DC breakdown strength of PP nanocomposites. TiO2 was synthesized in laboratory using Sol-Gel procedure. PP nanocomposites were prepared by incorporating 0.5 wt%, 1 wt% and 3 wt% TiO2 using melt blending method. The crystallinity and morphology of the synthesized nanofillers are investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). Differential scanning Calorimetry (DSC) was carried out for investigating the thermal and crystallization temperature of PP nanocomposites. The dielectric breakdown tests revealed that PP containing TiO2 exhibited lower breakdown strength compared to neat PP. Possible mechanisms governing these changes are discussed. |
15,649 | Please write an abstract with title: Phishing Web Page Detection Methods: URL and HTML Features Detection, and key words: Uniform resource locators, Phishing, Web pages, Training data, Machine learning, Syntactics, Feature extraction. Abstract: Phishing is a type of fraud on the Internet in the form of fake web pages that mimic the original web pages to trick users into sending sensitive information to phisher. The statistics presented by APWG and Phistank show that the number of phishing websites from 2015 to 2020 tends to increase continuously. To overcome this problem, several studies have been carried out including detecting phishing web pages using various features of web pages with various methods. Unfortunately, the use of several methods is not really effective because the design and evaluation are only too focused on the achievement of detection accuracy in research, but evaluation does not represent application in the real world. Whereas a security detection device should require effectiveness, good performance, and deployable. In this study the authors evaluated several methods and proposed rules-based applications that can detect phishing more efficiently. |
15,650 | Please write an abstract with title: A practical packet reordering mechanism with flow granularity for parallelism exploiting in network processors, and key words: Intelligent networks, Switches, Throughput, Telecommunication traffic, Hardware, Yarn, Asynchronous transfer mode, Distributed processing, Resource management, Field programmable gate arrays. Abstract: Network processors (NP) are usually designed to exploit packet level parallelism where system throughput is aggregated by multiple CPU cores. A serious problem in such a system is packet disordering (PD), which may deteriorate network performance greatly. To address the PD problem, a practical reordering mechanism is put forward in this paper. Different from the traditional reordering methods such as in ATM networks, it uses a central-controlled chain-based mechanism to implement packet reordering with flow granularity. We verify it in FPGA and carry out a series of experiments, where the results show that system throughput can be influenced greatly by traffic patterns. We also demonstrate that the reordering with flow granularity is quite requisite in NP, which can increase the system throughput to a great extent compared to the conventional method with global granularity. |
15,651 | Please write an abstract with title: Analysis and Suppression of Voltage Oscillation of Solid-state Circuit Breaker Entering Active Region, and key words: Varistors, Sensitivity, Voltage, Logic gates, Mathematical models, Solid state circuits, Semiconductor diodes. Abstract: To limit the fault current with power semiconductors based-DC solid-state circuit breaker (DC-SSCB), power semiconductors need to operate in the active region temporarily. During this interval, a severe voltage oscillation is observed, leading to the DC-SSCB overstress and eventually the failure. This paper aims to understand the mechanism causing the voltage oscillation and devise the solution to suppress it. First, a MATLAB/Simulink model is built with the comprehensive considerations of power semiconductors, parasitic, gate drive, and metal oxide varistor (MOV). Then a sensitivity study is performed to identify the critical impact factor(s) causing the voltage oscillation. Afterward, three suppression methods using enhanced gate drive circuitry are proposed and compared. Finally, test results based on a 2kV/1kA SSCB prototype demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed oscillation mitigation method and the accuracy of the derived model. |
15,652 | Please write an abstract with title: Multicode CDMA transmission over time-varying multipath channels, and key words: Multiaccess communication, Multipath channels, Channel estimation, Performance analysis, Radio transmitters, Channel state information, Receivers, Bandwidth, Matched filters, Decoding. Abstract: To adapt to the adverse radio environment efficiently, we address the use of a pilot aided multicode code division multiple access (CDMA) system. This system is implemented by transmitting all the information symbols together with the pilot symbols of a user simultaneously over the wireless channel. We analyze the trade-off between the diversity order and the channel estimation error in the performance of the proposed system. Our numerical results indicate that depending on the transmitter power and the channel condition, the proposed system is capable of outperforming the conventional CDMA system with known channel state information at the receiver. |
15,653 | Please write an abstract with title: A Novel Identification Scheme of Lightning Disturbance in HVDC Transmission Lines Based on CEEMD-HHT, and key words: Fault diagnosis, Resistance, Time-frequency analysis, Adaptation models, HVDC transmission, Lightning, Voltage. Abstract: To avoid the impact of lightning disturbance on DC line protection, the model of high-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission system including lightning strokes is constructed. On this basis, the complementary ensemble empirical mode decomposition (CEEMD) and Hilbert transform are combined as a time-frequency analysis method to calculate the energy distribution of the transient voltage and current 1-mode components. The low-to-high-frequency energy ratio of the 1-mode voltage signal in a 3ms data window after the protection startup is used as the protection criterion for identifying lightning disturbance, and that of the current signal in 1ms after the startup is used as the criterion to further distinguish lightning fault and non-lightning fault. Verified through simulation tests, the scheme appears good adaptability and accuracy in different situations. |
15,654 | Please write an abstract with title: Deep Learning-based Low-dose Cardiac Gated SPECT: Implementation in Projection Space vs. Image Space, and key words: Image quality, PSNR, Protocols, Measurement uncertainty, Estimation, Logic gates, Predictive models. Abstract: The reduction of radiation exposure in SPECT-MPI is an important research topic. However, lowering the injected activity degrades image quality, thus impacting the diagnostic accuracy of this modality. In this study, we enrolled a total of 335 clinical gated SPECT-MPI images from a dedicated cardiac SPECT scanner acquired in list-mode format. All patients underwent a two-day rest/stress protocol and the obtained gated images were retrospectively used to convert low-dose to standard-dose images in both projection and image spaces. A deep generative adversarial network was employed to predict standard-dose images from 50% low-dose images. The proposed network was evaluated using quantitative metrics, such as the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), root mean squared error (RMSE), and structural similarity index measure (SSIM). Moreover, a Pearson correlation coefficient analysis was performed on the half-dose and predicted standard-dose images with respect to the reference standard-dose images. The results demonstrated that the highest PSNR (46.30 ± 2.23) and SSIM (0.98 ± 0.01), and the lowest RMSE (1.32 ± 0.54) were obtained from the image space implementation. Pearson analysis showed that the predicted standard-dose images yielded ρ = 0.960 ± 0.011 and ρ = 0.947 ± 0.027 in the image and projection spaces, respectively. Overall, considering the quantitative metrics, the noise was effectively suppressed in the predicted standard-dose images for both implementations. Yet, standard-dose image estimation in the image space resulted in superior quantitative accuracy and image quality. |
15,655 | Please write an abstract with title: Constrained Quantum Optimization Algorithm, and key words: Quantum computing, Phase estimation, Search problems, Resource management, Task analysis, Optimization, Testing. Abstract: Classical computing still suffers from the high computational complexity of finding the extreme value of a constrained goal function or an unordered database with respect to a certain constraint. Quantum computing offers new possibilities and solutions due to its quantum nature to surmount this problem. In this paper, we extended a new version of quantum existence testing (QET) _we call it a constrained quantum relation testing (CQRT)_ we also investigate analytically its classical and quantum certainty. Furthermore, we show how the CQRT can be applied for extending the quantum extreme value searching algorithm (QEVSA) version to a constrained quantum optimization algorithm (CQOA). And we gave an extensive explanation of how the CQOA works and how it finds the extreme constrained optimum value solution with high complexity reduction, maximum exponential speed, and high certainty. |
15,656 | Please write an abstract with title: Fuzzy PD+I learning control for a pneumatic muscle, and key words: Fuzzy control, Muscles, Pressure control, Weight control, Tracking, Three-term control, Programmable control, Adaptive control, Inverse problems, Test facilities. Abstract: A fuzzy learning control technique is used for position tracking involving the vertical movement of a mass attached to a pneumatic muscle. Because the pneumatic muscle is nonlinear and time varying, conventional fixed controllers are less effective than the fuzzy controller proposed in this paper. The controller is of a PID type, with an adaptive fuzzy PD part and a nonfuzzy integral branch. A novelty of the controller is that the fuzzy inverse model, which dynamically adjusts the PD part of the controller, incorporates the internal PM pressure as an input. Experimental results are presented from the pneumatic muscle test facility in the Human Effectiveness Laboratory at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base. |
15,657 | Please write an abstract with title: Technology Support for Autistic People: A survey, and key words: technology, autism, wearable sensors, IoT, machine learning. Abstract: Autism is a common neurological disorder. Autistic people always suffer from various health issues, which include anxiety, gastrointestinal (GI) disorders, sleep disturbances, sensory processing problems, seizures, hyperactivity and phobias. As a consequence, functional independence and quality of life of autistic people are inevitably affected. The aim of this paper is to study the need and fundamentals of health monitoring using recent technologies. We have tried to summarize some of these key technologies like wearable sensors, communication protocols, data management issues and machine learning algorithms useful for monitoring autistic people. Monitoring health parameters of autistic people will be useful to parents, doctors and care takers, which will in turn improve quality of life of autistic child. |
15,658 | Please write an abstract with title: Autonomous Deep Quality Monitoring in Streaming Environments, and key words: Deep learning, Visualization, Uncertainty, Neural networks, Injection molding, Feature extraction, Real-time systems. Abstract: The common practice of quality monitoring in industry relies on manual inspection well-known to be slow, error-prone and operator-dependent. This issue raises strong demand for automated real-time quality monitoring developed from data-driven approaches thus alleviating from operator dependence and adapting to various process uncertainties. Nonetheless, current approaches do not take into account the streaming nature of sensory information while relying heavily on handcrafted features making them application-specific. This paper proposes the online quality monitoring methodology developed from recently developed deep learning algorithms for data streams, Neural Networks with Dynamically Evolved Capacity (NADINE), namely NADINE++. It features the integration of 1-D and 2-D convolutional layers to extract natural features of time-series and visual data streams captured from sensors and cameras of the injection molding machines from our own project. Real-time experiments have been conducted where the online quality monitoring task is simulated on the fly under the prequential test-then-train fashion - the prominent data stream evaluation protocol. Comparison with the state-of-the-art techniques clearly exhibits the advantage of NADINE++ with 4.68% improvement on average for the quality monitoring task in streaming environments. To support the reproducible research initiative, codes, results of NADINE++ along with supplementary materials and injection molding dataset are made available in https://github.com/ContinualAL/NADINE-IJCNN2021. |
15,659 | Please write an abstract with title: A Novel Adaptation of Information Extraction Algorithm to Process Natural Text Descriptions of Pedestrian Encounters, and key words: Adaptation models, Analytical models, Visualization, Decision making, Transforms, Predictive models, Feature extraction. Abstract: Complete understanding of pedestrian behavior still poses challenges to current automated driving technologies. This study introduces a knowledge extraction framework to better understand the human perception of pedestrian crossing behavior from the ego-vehicle perspective. Using manually annotated explanatory texts, we train an information extraction algorithm to map the unstructured descriptive text into structured data. Evaluation of the algorithm confirms a good performance in most of the key feature categories. This model can identify and extract vital cues from pedestrian encounter descriptions, which can assist in analyzing human decision-making processes to estimate the pedestrians' situational crossing intent. The knowledge extracted from such structured text data can help to holistically study interconnection among the human-used factors which is crucial for modeling pedestrian behavior. |
15,660 | Please write an abstract with title: A wide-band technique for vector summation and RMS-DC conversion, and key words: Wideband, Circuit synthesis, Bandwidth, Frequency, Input variables, Analog computers, Measurement standards, Signal processing, Instruments, Displays. Abstract: A circuit configuration is presented for wideband analog computation of both the vector-sum function and the RMS-DC conversion function. Design of the circuit is based on a systematic approach to translinear circuit synthesis. Errors due to finite transistor current gain are compensated by means of a novel technique. Measured performance results based on an experimental monolithic implementation in a standard bipolar process are presented. Bandwidths of 25 and 80 MHz are achieved for vector summation and RMS-DC conversion, respectively. |
15,661 | Please write an abstract with title: A Novel Interoperability Evaluation Framework for the Warehouse Management System, and key words: warehouse management system (WMS), interoperability, warehouse automation, interoperable systems, robotics, flexible automation, interoperability evaluation. Abstract: Warehouse management is a critical element in the supply chain. The rise of e-commerce demands ‘any-mix any-volume’ customized and personalized orders. Due to the variety of products in ‘any-mix any-volume’ scenario the warehouse operations have become complex. The advent of multi-channel commerce has reduced the minimum order quantity (MOQ), claiming frequent changes. The ‘any-mix any-volume’ operations require flexible automation for product storage, retrieval, packing and shipping. Seamless operations of multiple devices are essential for automating flexible warehouses. For effective flexible operations, the Warehouse Management System (WMS) requires controlling the automation devices and associated auxiliary systems. Heterogenous automation devices with distinct communication protocols, data formats and connectivity are challenges for WMS centered control. An interoperable WMS can enable seamless communication and data exchange among devices. In this work, the interoperability of the WMS and various aspects of interoperability of engineering systems are presented. Different WMS system designs are considered and evaluated for the interoperability requirements. A framework for evaluating the interoperability of a WMS is proposed which is validated through experimental trials at an industry grade warehouse. |
15,662 | Please write an abstract with title: The Optimization of Urban Ecological Network Planning Based on the Minimum Cumulative Resistance Model and Granularity Reverse Method: A Case Study of Haikou, China, and key words: Immune system, Ecosystems, Indexes, Planning, Forestry, Urban areas, Biological system modeling. Abstract: In recent years, the high-speed urbanization process and human activities have led to the fragmentation and the connectivity reduction of natural landscape patches, resulting in the degradation of urban ecological services and biodiversity. The construction of ecological network and the optimization of landscape pattern are significantly important to improve the urban ecological environment and urban ecological security. In this paper, a case study of Haikou, an island city of China is performed, the selection of ecological source areas is optimized by granularity reverse method and principal component analysis. The minimum cumulative resistance model (MCRM) is used to construct the ecological resistance surface, and ecological corridors and ecological nodes are obtained, so as to optimize the urban ecological network and the connectivity of landscape patches. The results show that the 1400m granularity landscape component is the optimal landscape component structure for Haikou. There are 38 ecological source areas in Haikou, and 14 ecological landscape patches need to be added. The distribution of ecological source areas is mainly affected by topography and geomorphology. The northwest has huge and scattered ecological source areas, while the southeast has small and concentrated ecological source areas. In the areas around Meilan airport and Hongcheng lake, there is an ecological trap with significant difference between dominant and recessive ecological resistance separately. Haikou ecological network consists of 81 ecological corridors and 76 ecological nodes. Affected by the main urban area in the north, Haikou ecological network has the high density in the middle and southern areas. The construction of ecological network has significantly improved the overall connectivity of the ecosystem in the study region. This research provides a scientific basis for the future urban ecological environment planning of Haikou. |
15,663 | Please write an abstract with title: An Active "Cold" Noise Source, and key words: Active noise reduction, Circuit noise, FETs, Inductance, Impedance, Temperature, Low-frequency noise, Equivalent circuits, Noise generators, Frequency. Abstract: An active circuit which behaves like a "cold" noise source is described. The circuit which uses a gallium arsenide FET is given the name COLFET. The appropriate theory is developed and practical circuits described using the circuit. Equivalent noise temperatures of less than 50 K have been measured for a 50-omega source at 1400 MHz. |
15,664 | Please write an abstract with title: 3D Free Reaching Movement Prediction of Upper-limb Based on Deep Neural Networks, and key words: Training, Solid modeling, Three-dimensional displays, Neural networks, Neural engineering, Medical treatment, Kinematics. Abstract: Quantitative assessment of motor disorder is one of the main challenges in the field of stroke rehabilitation. This paper proposes a simplified kinematic model for human upper limb(UL) using seven main joints of both the dominant and non-dominant side. With this model, a deep neural network (DNN) is used to predict the 3D free reaching movement of UL of a healthy participant. The experimental results show that the prediction trajectories can achieve high similarities with trajectories of real movements, indicating the promising accuracy in 3D movement estimation of UL achieved by the DNN. With the capability of identifying specific reaching movements in realtime, the trajectories predicted by this data-driven model can be utilized to inform the rehabilitation assessment and training in the future studies as a personalized therapy approach. |
15,665 | Please write an abstract with title: Clustering methods for 3D vision data and its application in a probabilistic estimator for tracking multiple objects, and key words: Clustering methods, Clustering algorithms, Proposals, Particle filters, Testing, Robustness, Robots, Navigation, Stochastic processes, Coordinate measuring machines. Abstract: Probabilistic algorithms have been fully tested as the best solution in multiples areas, and thus in tracking tasks. Different solutions with them have been proposed for multiple objects tracking. The proposal of the authors is based on a particle filter whose robustness and adaptability is increased by the use of a clustering algorithm. Two different proposals for the segmentation process are presented in this paper, and interesting conclusions are extracted from their functional comparison. Tracking results are also presented in the paper, showing the reliability of the proposals. |
15,666 | Please write an abstract with title: A 65nm Implantable Gesture Classification SoC for Rehabilitation with Enhanced Data Compression and Encoding for Robust Neural Network Operation Under Wireless Power Condition, and key words: Wireless communication, Ultrasonic imaging, Wires, Artificial neural networks, Implants, Encoding, Skin. Abstract: Two million amputee patients in the US rely on prosthetic devices for assistance or rehabilitation. Compared with skin-mounted devices, muscle implantable devices offer better signal quality, lower noise inference, less wires and skin irritation. In prior works, a near-infrared powered neural recoding system was demonstrated with optical light TX/RX [1]. An Ultrasound powered neural recorder with AM backscatter was presented [2]. Stimulus systems powered by on/off-chip RF coil via inductive link were also developed [3]–[5]. However, prior implantable systems only perform neural recording with neural signals transferred to external devices for further classification. As in Fig. 1, the transmission of raw neural signals consumes high power and suffers from high bit errors. In addition, external devices may not meet the millisecond classification latency needed for real-time prosthetic control. Hence, a fully integrated solution with embedded classifiers for EMG-based gesture classification offers significant benefits of reduced transmission efforts, low latency, and low error rate. However, a neural network (NN) classifier under wireless power poses challenges of robustly sending weights into the device under noisy conditions. This work, for the first time, presents a fully integrated implantable wireless powered SoC with an embedded NN classifier. The contributions of this work include (1) a wireless powered SoC with NN classifiers and on-chip coil is presented paving the way to embed AI techniques into implantable devices; (2) To reduce the NN weight for sending into the chip at startup, Huffman coding and low-rank singular value decomposition (SVD) techniques are implemented reducing data volume by 29%; (3) New activity detection for NN computing and adaptive power control under unstable wireless power are developed improving power efficiency of the system by 45%; (4) A unique data encoding strategy is also utilized to reduce the bit error rate by orders of magnitudes. |
15,667 | Please write an abstract with title: Feedback control design of differential-drive wheeled mobile robots, and key words: Feedback control, Mobile robots, Linear approximation, Control design, Linear feedback control systems, Robot kinematics, Control systems, Wheels, Stability, State feedback. Abstract: The control system design of differential-drive wheeled robots in the approach of approximate feedback linearization is presented in this paper. A differential-drive wheeled mobile robot is a highly nonlinear multi-input/multi-output system. Traditional techniques can not result in a control system design with satisfactory performance. In this paper, we propose to reasonably choose the state variables so that the control design can be implemented in the sense of approximate linearization. To assess the proposed method for control of differential-driven mobile robot, we compare its performance with that under a conventional linearised controller. Simulation results demonstrate that the approximate feedback linearization can provide much better performance than the normal linearized control system design |
15,668 | Please write an abstract with title: Now the work of software professionals changes everything, and key words: Programming profession, Application software, Web and internet services, Motion pictures, Sun, Finishing, Educational institutions, Computer industry, Industrial relations, Software systems. Abstract: Software professionals' work remains vital to modern industrial society as key definitions of work, the organization of work, and the relationship of modern software systems to society's evolution demonstrate. This article discusses why the question of what work to pursue is interesting with regard to the software field; it also explores the meaning of work itself and its relation to the individual, society, and the economy. |
15,669 | Please write an abstract with title: Necessary and Sufficient Convex Condition for the Stabilization of Linear Sampled-Data Systems Under Poisson Sampling Process, and key words: Sampled data systems, Symmetric matrices, Control design, Closed loop systems, Behavioral sciences, Trajectory, Markov processes. Abstract: This letter presents a control design method for linear sampled-data systems whose random sampling intervals form a Poisson process. Unlike a previous result in the literature, the proposed stabilization conditions, based on linear feedbacks of both the state and the past input values, are necessary and sufficient for the mean exponential stability of the system. Moreover, such non-conservative conditions correspond to linear matrix inequalities, implying then that the stabilization problem can be efficiently addressed through semidefinite programming. As a second contribution, the characterization and optimization of the mean exponential convergence rate of the closed-loop system is given in form of a generalized eigenvalue problem. A numerical example illustrates the theoretical results. |
15,670 | Please write an abstract with title: OASD: An Open Approach to Self-Driving Vehicle, and key words: Location awareness, Three-dimensional displays, Operating systems, Buildings, Hardware, Sensor systems, Sensors. Abstract: Building autonomous vehicles is an arduous task and requires a lot of technical understanding and cognizance. Grasping the essentials of such technologies and finding the perfect combination of hardware and software implementation is key to building autonomous vehicles. As we move towards autonomous vehicles, How do we find a solution to building an autonomous vehicle? To answer this question, we break it down into different hardware and software requirements. We present a hands-on solution for building autonomous vehicles by using an open-source platform Autoware which is based on ROS (Robot Operating System). Our initial implementation consists of detailing the overall system requirements, sensors calibration, point cloud map generation, waypoint generation and following, and finally vehicle control. We have also conducted the simulation test of localization and path following based on the point cloud map and waypoint generated. We believe our implementation provides a general understanding for building autonomous vehicles in the academic as well as in research field. |
15,671 | Please write an abstract with title: A Priority-based Approach for Detection of Anomalies in ABAC Policies using Clustering Technique, and key words: Access control, Cloud computing, Data security, Distributed databases, Process control, Organizations, Big Data. Abstract: Cloud computing offers several computing services like storage, networks, hardware, and software. The most beneficial cloud service is cloud storage. The organization or large industries can store their big data in cloud storage on pay for usage scheme. As the big data are outsourced in a distributed cloud environment, securing and protecting the big data is essential. The various access control models, which consist of a set of security policies, are used generally to protect the outsourced data. Anomalies in the security policies dilute the efficiency of the access security model. Developing an efficient access control model to protect the data is a challenging and ongoing process. The primary goal of this paper is to analyze and detect the important anomalies in Attribute-Based Access Control-ABAC Policies. This paper presents an approach that uses Priority-level to avoid the conflict in ABAC Policies. This approach groups the rules of ABAC policies based on Priority-level and similarity with the clustering technique, and detect the anomalies in each cluster rather than all rules, which made this approach efficient. |
15,672 | Please write an abstract with title: PrimA6D: Rotational Primitive Reconstruction for Enhanced and Robust 6D Pose Estimation, and key words: Image reconstruction, Pose estimation, Training, Decoding, Cameras, Three-dimensional displays, Generative adversarial networks. Abstract: In this letter, we introduce a rotational primitive prediction based 6D object pose estimation using a single image as an input. We solve for the 6D object pose of a known object relative to the camera using a single image with occlusion. Many recent state-of-the-art (SOTA) two-step approaches have exploited image keypoints extraction followed by PnP regression for pose estimation. Instead of relying on bounding box or keypoints on the object, we propose to learn orientation-induced primitive so as to achieve the pose estimation accuracy regardless of the object size. We leverage a Variational AutoEncoder (VAE) to learn this underlying primitive and its associated keypoints. The keypoints inferred from the reconstructed primitive image are then used to regress the rotation using PnP. Lastly, we compute the translation in a separate localization module to complete the entire 6D pose estimation. When evaluated over public datasets, the proposed method yields a notable improvement over the LINEMOD, the Occlusion LINEMOD, and the YCB-Video dataset. We further provide a synthetic-only trained case presenting comparable performance to the existing methods which require real images in the training phase. |
15,673 | Please write an abstract with title: Identify The Potential Instance of Copy Forgery Using Similar Algorithm, and key words: Copy-Submit Fake Detection, Digital Image Forensics, Key point Collection, Search for the same location search algorithm, CMFD, Scale-invariant feature transform (SIFT), Fuzzy c-means (FCM). Abstract: In a similar fashion one of the most popular types of digital art, counterfeit detection necessitates knowledge of picture structures and the ability to generate visual diversions for many purposes, including entertainment. The use of color is very crucial for creating city features. Previous studies have examined the interrelationships of color within homogenous metropolitan zones, looking for connections between neighboring areas and culturally comparable peoples. Color, acclaim, the dissemination of one's color, and satisfaction. When communicating with a foreign audience, it is common practice to have the message reviewed and edited to conform to the local language and cultural norms. |
15,674 | Please write an abstract with title: Automation of Combined Irrigation System Control in Greenhouses with Electrochemically Activated Water, and key words: Irrigation, Automation, Soil moisture, Process control, Switches, Aerosols, Control systems. Abstract: rrigation is one of the main technological processes in greenhouse farming, which provides qualitative and volumetric indicators of produced products. The combined irrigation technology which combines low-volume drip and aerosol irrigation methods of is widespread. The proposed combined irrigation system includes a unit (device) for electrochemical activation (ECA) of water. Extended abilities of this system are caused by the reactivity of catholyte and anolyte, which are metastable products of water ECA. The use of the ECA unit for water as a part of combined irrigation system expands technological modes of irrigation. Drip and aerosol irrigation is supplemented by three modes: drip irrigation with catholyte, aerosol irrigation with catholyte, aerosol irrigation with anolyte. The control of the irrigation technological parameters (soil moisture, air humidity, soil pH) is carried out by retrieving the relevant sensors data and comparing the obtained values with the set ones. When the set points are reached, the relevant technological links (electric pumps and electromagnetic valves) are switched off by the microcontroller signal. Automation of the combined irrigation system, in addition to resource-saving, is also targeted to prevent technological modes violations due to the subjective (“human”) factor. |
15,675 | Please write an abstract with title: Characterizing AI Model Inference Applications Running in the SGX Environment, and key words: Cloud computing, Virtual machine monitors, Runtime, Memory management, Machine learning, Switches, Market research. Abstract: Intel Software Guard Extensions (SGX) is a set of extensions built into Intel CPUs for the trusted computation. It creates a hardware-assisted secure container, within which programs are protected from data leakage and data manipulations by privileged software and hypervisors. With the trend that more and more machine learning based programs are moving to cloud computing, SGX can be used in cloud-based Machine Learning applications to protect user data from malicious privileged programs.However, applications running in SGX suffer from several overheads, including frequent context switching, memory page encryption/decryption, and memory page swapping, which significantly degrade the execution efficiency. In this paper, we aim to i) comprehensively explore the execution of general AI applications running on SGX, ii) systematically characterize the data reuses at both page granularity and cacheline granularity, and iii) provide optimization insights for efficient deployment of machine learning based applications on SGX. To the best of our knowledge, our work is the first to study machine learning applications on SGX and explore the potential of data reuses to reduce the runtime overheads in SGX. |
15,676 | Please write an abstract with title: Solving nonlinear kinematics of a rail-guided inspection robot used for planning visual scans of reactor vessel internals, and key words: Geometry, Visualization, Kinematics, Inspection, Control systems, End effectors, Planning. Abstract: In this paper we present a robot for non-destructive visual scanning of an outside shell of the reactor vessel internals. The robot has a total of four degrees of freedom where one of the joints has nonlinear kinematics characteristics due to the construction of the rail-guided joint structure. The problem of solving the nonlinear kinematics of the robot has been addressed by taking the environmental and geometry constraints into account. Kinematics is used to calculate the scan path to cover a specified part of the reactor vessel internals. The described method has been implemented in an user-oriented visualization and control software tool called Fiona, which was tested on a real robot. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the presented method using Fiona in a simulated reactor vessel internals inspection environment. |
15,677 | Please write an abstract with title: A Novel Water Index for Extraction of Water Features using Landsat-8 Images in Prayagraj District, India, and key words: Indexes, Remote sensing, Earth, Artificial satellites, Water resources, Vegetation mapping, Satellites. Abstract: The satellite images can be categorized in three classes on the basis of the spectral bands, viz., panchromatic, multispectral and hyperspectral. The multispectral imageries are very useful in the feature extraction and enhancement, the combination of bands creates magical effect not only to delineate some features but also to eliminate the others. Several water indices on the basis of band combinations have been proposed by the researchers for the open surface water detection. In the present work a new index has been proposed for open surface water detection from landsat-8 satellite imagery. The proposed index can detect the water class more efficiently as compared to the existing indices which has been supported by the quantitative data. The results are validated in terms of the number of pixels of water class with an accuracy of 99.77%. |
15,678 | Please write an abstract with title: Ranking the DC Erosion Resistance of Silicone Rubber Composites with the Dry-Arc Resistance Test, and key words: Resistance, Heating systems, Insulation, Thermal resistance, Surface resistance, Life estimation, Insulation life. Abstract: This paper investigates the use of the dry-arc resistance test for ranking the DC erosion resistance of silicone rubber composites. The study utilizes the test as a controllable testing method for accelerating the erosion of silicone rubber surfaces by creating heat ablation with a stable scintillation. Alumina trihydrate is filled in silicone rubber at different levels and tested using the dry-arc resistance test and outcomes are correlated with the outcomes of the +DC inclined plane tracking-erosion test. Comparatively ranking the erosion depth and eroded volume outcomes for both tests preliminarily indicates a direct correlation in the ranking order observed for the composites under both tests. Outcomes of thermogravimetric and differential thermal analyses suggest the ranking is correlated with the amount of depolymerized silicone rubber leaving the composite in the gaseous phase. Ranking the thermal analyses outcomes on the basis of the depolymerized silicone rubber content correlates with the DC erosion resistance outcomes under the dry-arc resistance test and the inclined plane test. The outcomes collectively signify the validity of using the dry-arc resistance test for ranking the DC erosion resistance of silicone rubber composites. |
15,679 | Please write an abstract with title: Cross-term suppression of multi-component signals based on improved STFT-Wigner, and key words: Time-frequency analysis, Frequency modulation, Transforms, Time-domain analysis, Entropy, Interference, Signal resolution. Abstract: Cross-term interference exists in the WVD of multi-component signals in time-frequency analysis, and the STFT is limited by Heisenberg uncertainty criterion. For multicomponent signals under noisy background, this paper proposes an improved STFT-Wigner algorithm, which establishes a threshold based on the exponential multiplication result compared to the original algorithm, so as to weaken the cross term and reduce the impact of noise on the signal, and improve the time-frequency aggregation of the signal. Simulation results show that the improved algorithm has higher time-frequency aggregation than other methods. Similarly, for cross-term suppression, our method is superior to many other TF analysis methods in low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) environment. |
15,680 | Please write an abstract with title: Analysis of Time Domain Characteristic of Transformer On-load Tap-changer, and key words: Micromechanical devices, Integrated circuits, Windings, Switches, Transforms, Transformers, Circuit faults. Abstract: On-load tap-changer is a switching device that provides a constant voltage for a transformer when the load changes. The basic principle is to realize the switching between taps in the transformer winding without interrupting the load current, thereby changing the number of winding turns, that is, the voltage ratio of the transformer, and finally achieving the purpose of voltage regulation. In this paper, the characteristic parameters are collected by time domain analysis method, which provides the basis for discriminating the later fault warning. |
15,681 | Please write an abstract with title: Secure and Lightweight Conditional Privacy-Preserving Authentication for Fog-Based Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks, and key words: Security, Authentication, Privacy, Safety, Message authentication, Computational modeling, Resists. Abstract: Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) play an ever-increasing important role in improving traffic management and enhancing driving safety. However, vehicular communication using a wireless channel faces security and privacy challenges. The conditional privacy-preserving authentication (CPPA) scheme is suitable for solving the above challenges, but the existing identity-based CPPA schemes suffer from inborn key escrow issues. Motivated by this, we propose a lightweight CPPA scheme based on elliptic curve cryptography to solve the above issues, in which the pseudonym and public/private key pair of the vehicle is generated by itself, so that the proposed scheme avoids the key escrow issue. Furthermore, to achieve efficient vehicular communication, a CPPA scheme is proposed using a fog computing model that supports mobility, low latency, and location awareness. The pseudonym of the vehicle is generated by two hash chains in the proposed scheme, so that the storage overhead can be reduced efficiently under the condition that backward security is guaranteed. Security analysis shows that the scheme is secure under the random oracle and satisfies the security requirements of VANETs. Performance evaluation demonstrates that the proposed scheme outperforms related schemes in terms of computational and communication overhead. |
15,682 | Please write an abstract with title: Impact of Current Transfer to Porous Stabilizer on Recovery Performance of Resistive-Type Superconducting Fault Current Limiters Using REBCO Tapes, and key words: Heat transfer, Heating systems, Fault currents, Superconducting films, Thermal stability, Temperature measurement, Floods. Abstract: Porous-stabilized rare-earth barium copper oxide (REBCO) tape is an effective structure to solve a trade-off between the current-limiting and recovery performances of the resistive-type superconducting fault current limiters (RSFCLs). In the present study, a current-transfer-type porous-stabilized REBCO tape was proposed to suppress hot spots on the tape, which caused a recovery delay. In this type of REBCO tape, two porous stabilizers with different roles are utilized. The boiling heat transfer performance is improved with one of the porous stabilizers fixed with insulating epoxy on the tape while the current is transferred to the other porous stabilizer to decrease the Joule heating in the hot spot. To design the structure of the current-transfer-type porous-stabilized REBCO tape, the heat transfer performance with a porous medium and insulating epoxy was evaluated. The results indicated that there were suitable specifications for the porous medium and insulating epoxy for high heat transfer performance. The recovery performance of the current-transfer-type porous-stabilized REBCO tape was evaluated with the prototype using the selected porous stabilizer and insulating epoxy. The experimental results showed that the tolerable Joule heating was dramatically improved via current transfer to the porous stabilizer owing to the suppression of the temperature rise of the hot spot. The recovery time was shortened to 0.8 s. The present study showed one way to suppress the hot spots with a simple structure while maintaining the high electrical resistance of the REBCO tape. |
15,683 | Please write an abstract with title: Identification of Spurious Labels in Machine Learning Data Sets using N-Version Validation, and key words: Neural networks, Training, Labeling, Training data, Task analysis, Measurement, Image segmentation. Abstract: Machine learning components are becoming popular for the automotive industry. More and more data sets become available for training machine learning components. All of them provide ground truth labels for images. The labeling process is expensive and potentially error-prone. At the same time, label correctness defines the business value of a data set. In this paper, we use N-Version approach to assess the label quality in a data set. The approach combines N state-of-the-art neural networks and aggregates their results in a single verdict using majority voting. We analyze this majority vote against the ground truth label and compute the percentage of disagreeing pixels along with other metrics, enabling the automated and detailed analysis of label quality on data sets. We evaluate our methodology by classifying the BDD100K drivable area data set. The evaluation shows that the approach identifies misclassified scenes or inconsistencies between label semantics for similar scenes. |
15,684 | Please write an abstract with title: Robust P2P Personalized Learning, and key words: Reliability engineering, Robustness, Peer-to-peer computing, Servers, Distributed algorithms, Time complexity, Resilience. Abstract: Decentralized machine learning over peer-to-peer networks is very appealing for it enables to learn personalized models without sharing users data, nor relying on any central server. Peers can improve upon their locally trained model across a network graph of other peers with similar objectives. Whilst they offer an inherently scalable scheme with a very simple cost-efficient learning model, peer-to-peer networks are also fragile. In particular, they can be very easily disrupted by unfairness, free-riding, and adversarial behaviors. In this paper, we present CDPL (Contribution Driven P2P Learning), a novel Byzantine-resilient distributed algorithm to train personalized models across similar peers. We convey theoretically and empirically the effectiveness of CDPL in terms of speed of convergence as well as robustness to Byzantine behavior. |
15,685 | Please write an abstract with title: Nonlinear switching in a symmetrical Sagnac interferometer including a quarter-wave plate, and key words: Sagnac interferometers, Optical retarders, Optical fiber polarization, Optical fiber couplers, Optical fiber devices, Nonlinear optical devices, Electronic mail, Fiber nonlinear optics, Optical devices, Optical interferometry. Abstract: We demonstrate experimentally that nonlinear switching can be obtained from a fiber Sagnac interferometer including a symmetrical coupler, highly-twisted fiber and a quarter-wave plate. Experimental results confirm previously reported theoretical predictions. |
15,686 | Please write an abstract with title: The investigation of time-varying synchrony of EEG during sentence learning using wavelet analysis, and key words: Electroencephalography, Wavelet analysis, Frequency synchronization, Coherence, Signal analysis, Wavelet transforms, Signal resolution, Signal processing, Continuous wavelet transforms, Time frequency analysis. Abstract: The synchrony analysis has been used as a tool for the purpose of investigating how the cognitive processes take place between different brain regions when the specified learning task is going on. We propose a novel method based on the time-frequency representation for quantifying synchronization between two channel EEG with both temporal and spectral resolution. The presented method employed the wavelet transform for cross coherent spectral analysis of the EEG signals recorded during sentences recognizing and learning. The wavelet-coherent magnitude spectra provide the information indicating the degree of coherence and the cross-wavelet phase relation serves to indicate the direction of information flow between two EEG channels on different cortical regions. Real EEG recordings are collected based on a cognitive target. It is observed from both the magnitude spectra and phase of the wavelet coherence that there are obvious differences between the identification of both Chinese and English sentences. These are helpful for the research on the English study for Chinese students. |
15,687 | Please write an abstract with title: Optimal Placement of Dynamic VAR Compensation for Lessening Commutation Failure Risk in Multi-infeed AC/DC System, and key words: Reactive power, Heuristic algorithms, Power system dynamics, Entropy, Power grids, Resource management, Optimization. Abstract: In order to reduce the commutation failure risk(CFR) in multi-infeed AC/DC(MIAD) system, an optimal placement strategy of dynamic Var compensation (DVC) is presented in this paper to determine the best type, location and capacity. Firstly, a DC coupling index is introduced to identify the areas which lack reactive power, then the candidate sites to install DVC are listed according to the CFR lessening effect index(LEI) and the sensitivity index(SI). An optimization model of DVC allocation is established and the Pareto optimal solution set is obtained through the decomposition based multi-objective evolutionary algorithm(MOEA/D). Finally, the superiority of each allocating scheme is assessed using the entropy weight method, which can serve as important decision-making basis for system operators. Case study of a regional power grid in Eastern China verified the effectiveness and rationality of the proposed scheme. |
15,688 | Please write an abstract with title: Streamlining the Airborne Systems Certification, and key words: Standardization, Aerospace electronics, Certification, Faces. Abstract: There is a current stagnation in the evolution of the certification methods for airborne systems. Despite the rapid change in the technology landscape, nothing substantial has emerged in the last ten years since the release of DO-178C/DO-254. A few attempts aimed to find an alternative to the current prescriptive method but did not have broad agreement to find their way to being adopted. However, that changed when the certification authorities and the standardization bodies had a consensus on the basics of potentially an alternative certification method, the Overarching Properties. The Overarching Properties present an opportunity to address the current challenges of airborne system development. In this paper, we review, elaborate, and discuss the motivation and current status of the Overarching Properties and lay down a research objective for the future. |
15,689 | Please write an abstract with title: Robust Diagnosability Analysis of Discrete Event Systems Using Labeled Petri Nets, and key words: Automata, Sensors, Petri nets, Fault diagnosis, Synchronization, Discrete-event systems, Fault detection. Abstract: Over the past decades, fault diagnosis of discrete event systems has many applications and attracts much attention from researchers and practitioners. With the increasingly high requirements on the reliability of cyber-physical systems such as automated manufacturing systems, fault detection technology has been unprecedentedly developed. Traditional approaches to diagnosability analysis of discrete event systems assume that all the communications between sensors and diagnosers work normally and correctly. However, communication failures may occur anytime, which may cause the loss of observations. This observation loss makes traditional diagnosers fail or report incorrect information. The problem of fault diagnosis against intermittent loss of observations is addressed, i.e., robust diagnosability. In this paper, an approach to robust diagnosability analysis based on labeled Petri nets is presented. A necessary and sufficient condition for robust diagnosability is proposed. We also introduce a verification procedure of robust diagnosability using robust reachability diagnosers. |
15,690 | Please write an abstract with title: A wide dynamic range Silicon-on-Insulator MEMS gyroscope with digital force feedback, and key words: Dynamic range, Silicon on insulator technology, Micromechanical devices, Gyroscopes, Force feedback, Missiles, Open loop systems, Mechanical sensors, Weapons, Temperature control. Abstract: This paper presents development efforts and initial test data for a Silicon-on-Insulator (SOI) Micro Electro Mechanical System (MEMS), vibratory angular rate sensor intended for hypervelocity and small diameter missiles and munitions. The SOI angular rate sensor (gyroscope), intended for wide dynamic range and harsh environment applications, utilizes advantages offered from the mass and feature sizes achieved by Deep Reactive Ion Etching (DRIE). This particular effort is focused on developing a symmetric device design along with multi-bit sigma-delta force-feedback control to increase dynamic range and reduce susceptibility to environmental parameters, including temperature, vibration, and sustained Z-axis acceleration loading. A prototype, single layer MEMS chip, consisting of a proof mass placed in a three-fold mode-decoupled symmetric suspension, has been fabricated and tested. The mode-decoupled suspension allows only one degree of in-plane motion for each comb drive, thereby attenuating errors due to oscillation axis misalignment. In addition, suspension symmetry maintains matched oscillation mode frequencies through processing and temperature variations, allowing maximized dynamic range in the discrete-time control loop. Attached to the suspension are comb-drives operating in their linear mode. Use of these actuators eliminates deflection-induced nonlinearity in the control loop. The rate sensing performance of these devices in an open-loop configuration has been characterized, and a unit is being flight-tested on a prototype hypervelocity missile. Current efforts will reduce random walk through preamp optimization, add an excitation control loop to improve bias stability, and implement the digital feedback loop to increase dynamic range. This paper presents recent development efforts and initial test data for the SOI-based angular rate sensor, intended for small diameter missiles and munitions applications. |
15,691 | Please write an abstract with title: Set Reconciliation for Blockchains with Slepian-Wolf Coding: Deletion Polar Codes, and key words: Wireless communication, Upper bound, Signal processing algorithms, Signal processing, Encoding, Blockchains, Complexity theory. Abstract: In this paper, we propose a polar coding based scheme for set reconciliation between two network nodes. The system is modeled as a well-known Slepian-Wolf setting induced by a fixed number of deletions. The set reconciliation process is divided into two phases: 1) a deletion polar code is employed to help one node to identify the possible deletion indices, which may be larger than the number of genuine deletions; 2) a lossless compression polar code is then designed to feedback those indices with minimum overhead. Our scheme can be viewed as a generalization of polar codes to some emerging network-based applications such as the package synchronization in blockchains. The total overhead is linear to the number of packages, and immune to the package size. |
15,692 | Please write an abstract with title: An Enhanced Cloud-Based Healthcare System for Patient Data Privacy and Security Using Hybrid Encryption, and key words: Wireless communication, Cloud computing, Data privacy, Privacy, Hospitals, Simulation, Hybrid power systems. Abstract: The IT sector has taken a keen interest in recent improvements in remote healthcare systems can provide healthcare systems that are both ubiquitous and easily deployable. Cloud computing is the utilization of computer resources as a service delivered through the internet on demand. These systems offer a stage for sharing medical information, data, applications, and underpinning in a fully automated and omnipresent way. Users' confidence in such remote healthcare systems would be enhanced by communication security and patient data privacy. This paper describes a secure mobile healthcare framework based on cloud environment that makes use of wireless area networks. The research effort described here is divided into two categories: first, it tries to protect inter-sensor communication in WANs for body using an approach to key generation based on numerous biometrics and second, the electronic medical reports (EMRs) are securely maintained in the hospital or clinical community cloud, ensuring patient privacy. Because of its very efficient key generation mechanism, the suggested multi-biometric based and Hybrid Security methods provides significant security measures, according to the assessment and analysis. |
15,693 | Please write an abstract with title: High-performance Millimeter-Wave Front-end Module Using LTCC Technology, and key words: Radio frequency, 5G mobile communication, Stripline, RF signals, Integrated circuit interconnections, Insertion loss, Routing. Abstract: This paper proposed a high-performance radio-frequency front-end implementation scheme based on low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) technology for 5G millimeter-wave (mmW) applications. To interconnect the mmW integrated circuits (ICs) and antennas, two low loss transition structures are designed and optimized for RF signal in mmW bands. After proper routing designs, it demonstrates simulated insertion loss (IL) below 1.1dB and 0.65dB within 24.25-29.5GHz for the signal path length of 15.696mm and 9.635mm, respectively. This design also maintains good consistency of phase variation and isolation between ports with different polarizations. |
15,694 | Please write an abstract with title: Generalized Nash Equilibrium Seeking via Continuous-Time Coordination Dynamics Over Digraphs, and key words: Games, Nash equilibrium, Couplings, Cost function, Heuristic algorithms, Estimation, Control systems. Abstract: This article studies a generalized Nash equilibrium problem with coupling equality constraints and local action sets, where the cost function of each player has a general form that depends on the actions of other players in this game. In the case that the players cannot directly use the others' actions, all players are allowed to estimate their opponents' actions by communicating with their neighbors over a digraph. In this regard, continuous-time coordination dynamics are proposed for two kinds of directed communication topologies including weight-balanced and weight-unbalanced digraphs. When the pseudogradient is strongly monotone and Lipschitz continuous as well as the extended pseudogradient is Lipschitz continuous, it is theoretically shown that the proposed dynamics could solve the generalized Nash equilibrium problem with and without local action sets, respectively. Finally, the obtained theoretical results are illustrated by numerical simulations. |
15,695 | Please write an abstract with title: Multi-CNN models with Pretraining for Binary Classification in Skin Cancer, and key words: Training, Neural networks, Task analysis, Artificial intelligence, Skin cancer, Testing, Convergence. Abstract: In that a myriad of people died because of skin cancer contemporarily and their diversity makes the distinguishing malignant or benign skin cancer even intricate, classifying them with small dataset training would be more challenging. In this paper, obtaining a higher accuracy of the binary classification problem for skin cancer by applying employed models with or without pretraining was tried. 3 proposed models were proposed and mainly popular models such as Inception3, Xception, VGG16, MobileNet, ResNet etc. Moreover, some popular models pretrained by utilizing the ImageNet dataset are worked on this study to test whether pretrained models can do well on this task or not. To achieve this stated goal, popular models are connected with the Dropout layer, the Global Average Pooling layers and the output layer sequentially to accommodate this requirement of the output. By controlling variables, multiple models were compared with different values of hyperparameters, such as number of epochs, batch size and image size. Through experiments, it is conspicuous that simpler models could converges on this small dataset rapidly than more complex models. Plus, pretraining cannot change the convergence of models and it would improve the performance of models which are already converged on this dataset. |
15,696 | Please write an abstract with title: Multistage chemical etching for high-precision frequency adjustment in ultrahigh-frequency fundamental quartz resonators, and key words: Chemicals, Etching, Resonant frequency, Productivity, Resonance, Temperature, Atomic force microscopy, Arithmetic, Rough surfaces, Surface roughness. Abstract: Chemical etching to precisely adjust and to make uniform the thicknesses of vibrating areas of multiple resonators in a single wafer was applied to inverted-mesa quartz resonators exciting an ultrahigh-frequency fundamental thickness vibration. The process consisted of five stages, combining high-rate etching for high productivity and low-rate etching for high-precision adjustment. By using this process, the resonance frequencies of 41 resonators in the single wafer were adjusted to 620 /spl plusmn/ 1.5 MHz, which corresponds to vibrating area thicknesses of 2.2 /spl mu/m /spl plusmn/ 6 nm. In the temperature-frequency characteristics of these resonators in the single wafer, the difference between the maximum first-order temperature coefficient and the minimum first-order temperature coefficient was equivalent to a cut angle change of two arcminutes. In addition, vibrating areas with an arithmetic mean surface roughness of 0.17 nm on the concave side were produced by this multistage etching. |
15,697 | Please write an abstract with title: A Novel 3D Non-Stationary Multi-Frequency Multi-Link Wideband MIMO Channel Model, and key words: Trajectory, Wireless communication, Signal processing, Conferences, Antennas. Abstract: In this paper, a multi-frequency multi-link three-dimensional (3D) non-stationary wideband multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channel model is proposed. The spatial consistency and multi-frequency correlation are considered in parameters initialization of every single-link and different frequencies, including large scale parameters (LSPs) and small scale parameters (SSPs). Moreover, SSPs are time-variant and updated when scatterers and the receiver (Rx) are moving. The temporal evolution of clusters is modeled by birth and death processes. The single-link channel model which has considered the inter-correlation can be easily extended to multi-link channel model. Statistical properties, including spatial cross-correlation function (CCF), power delay profile (PDP), and correlation matrix collinearity (CMC) are investigated and compared with the 3rd generation partner project (3GPP) TR 38.901 and quasi deterministic radio channel generator (QuaDRiGa) channel models. Besides, the CCF is validated against measurement data. |
15,698 | Please write an abstract with title: Peer Support in Smart Learning and Education, and key words: Technological innovation, Smart cities, Education, Sociology, Medical services, Internet, Mentoring. Abstract: Peer support is an important method to improve performance of the targeted population for several domains, such as education (both for classroom-based learning and informal online learning), healthcare (both for patients and caregivers), and professional development for employees in corporations. Such methods are often referred to as intervention. Peer support could take the form of one-on-one mentoring or mutual help. It could also take place in a group where peers collaborate with each other. In education, peer support has been shown to be an effective intervention in improving retention rate, particularly for women and minority students. The effectiveness of peer support heavily depends on how the peers are matched, either one-on-one matching or in terms of group formation. In this paper, we present a comprehensive review on peer support applications and peer matching algorithms. Despite the importance of peer support, studies on peer support and particularly on peer matching algorithms are inadequate. The goals of this paper are twofold. First, we present a complete picture on peer support, from various applications of peer support, to theoretical foundations on peer support, to peer support mechanisms, and to the underlying peer matching and group formation algorithms. Second, we present a preliminary design and implementation of a peer support app, which could be used to facilitate smart learning in college and beyond. |
15,699 | Please write an abstract with title: A VLSI implementation of an FFT/NTT computational unit, and key words: Very large scale integration, Medical services, Design optimization, Concurrent computing, Arithmetic, Digital signal processing, Signal processing algorithms, Digital signal processing chips, Hardware, Dynamic range. Abstract: The coupling of Residue Number System (RNS) with the recent advances in VLSI technology leads to an efficient implementation of many digital signal processing algorithms. This paper discusses modularity in implementing RNS systems, as modularity is considered an important criterion for VLSI design. An NTT/FFT computational unit is implemented using two multi-look-up table modules as building block units. The layout can be optimized using a look-up table layout procedure which supports the custom design approach. The modularity has been achieved on both functional and layout levels where the interconnection area is minimum. |
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