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16,100 | Please write an abstract with title: Development of a score-to-likelihood ratio model for facial recognition using authentic criminalistic data, and key words: Databases, Face recognition, Biological system modeling, Forensics, Veins, Sociology, Training data. Abstract: Automated face matching systems have emerged as a useful tool for identification purposes in criminal investigations. In a forensic context it is desirable to evaluate the findings from such comparisons as probabilities in terms of a likelihood ratio. When comparing two biometric samples, many facial recognition systems produce a score value as the output. The score describes the relative similarity between the two facial images. To obtain the likelihood ratio, it is necessary to construct a statistical model for score-to-likelihood ratio conversion. The model is highly dependent on the available training data and ideally it should reflect the relevant population as closely as possible. In order to construct a general model applicable on a national level, we use data from a national mugshot database as training data. In a full crossmatch drawing from 51563 records, we develop and evaluate five different models in a Bayesian statistical framework using a total of 9000 facial comparisons with equal distribution between same source and different source scores. |
16,101 | Please write an abstract with title: Optimal Design of High Density HTS-SMES Step-Shaped Cross- Sectional Solenoid to mechanical stress reduction, and key words: Superconducting films, Superconducting magnets, Power system stability, Conductors, Solenoids, Yttrium barium copper oxide, Superconducting magnetic energy storage. Abstract: The high temperature superconducting magnetic energy storage (HTS-SMES) system has an efficient system and is able to storing energy in high density. Therefore, this is an attractive method of energy restore in power system for protection and stability control. In the other hand, one of the most important challenges in HTS-SMES is optimal coil design that have direct relationship with energy stored in unit length of the coil conductor, length of the wire is used, and finally the cost of the winding. In order to resolve design problems, a recent three-objective optimization of the mechanical stress of a coil, uniformity of the magnetic field inside the magnet and coil volume is presented in this paper. Three constraints include energy requirements, the stray field in an around coil, the quench condition and maximum mechanical stress of the HTS-SMES coil are considered. To optimize this three objective optimization design problem, multi objective evolutionary algorithm based on decomposition (MOEA/D) has been used. We optimized step-shaped solenoid coil with maximum mechanical stress and current density constraints. 400 MA/m2 and stresses of about 400 MPa. HTS-SMES solenoid optimal design based on YBCO is considered and the YBCO-coated conductor is employed for the HTS-SMES coil. In this paper, FYSC-SC05 YBCO and FYSC-SC10 tape produced by FUJIKURA superconductor technology company are chosen In this method, in addition to mechanical stress determination, dimension of the HTS-SMES step-shaped cross sectional solenoid is determined. Results show that mechanical stress in FYSC-SC05 and FYSC-SC10 13.5%, 22.3% reduced related to maximum limitation of mechanical stress, respectively. |
16,102 | Please write an abstract with title: Control of Spherical Robots on Uneven Terrains, and key words: Point cloud compression, Systematics, Heuristic algorithms, Angular velocity, Energy efficiency, Trajectory, Reliability. Abstract: Hybrid robots incorporate the advantages of both aerial-only and terrestrial-only vehicles to achieve enhanced mobility and better energy efficiency. Among hybrid vehicles, spherical robots offer the best maneuverability. While operating on uneven surfaces is one of the main benefits of spherical robots, the current literature only covers control of these robots on flat surfaces. This work presents two control algorithms to track a desired trajectory and angular velocity of spherical robots on uneven terrains. The proposed control algorithms can be used when the terrain is known analytically or empirically (i.e., point cloud). By allowing the controller to use empirical information about the terrain profile, this work broadens the implementation of spherical robots in real applications. |
16,103 | Please write an abstract with title: Shellfish Recognition Based on Gabor Transformation and Principal Component Analysis, and key words: Support vector machines, Image recognition, Extreme learning machines, Neural networks, Transforms, Feature extraction, Social implications of technology. Abstract: In this paper, a method of shellfish recognition based on Gabor transform and two-dimensional image principal component analysis (2DPCA) is studied. Gabor transform is used to extract the image features and determine the dimension of the image features; The 2DPCA method is used to reduce the dimension of the transformed features. Compared with BP neural network and support vector machine (SVM) experiments, the results shows that the extreme learning machine classifier is very fast, which has good generalization and high accuracy. |
16,104 | Please write an abstract with title: Reliable solution for object pose determination using an active vision system, and key words: Machine vision, Cameras, Robot kinematics, Closed-form solution, Computer vision, Image reconstruction, Geometrical optics, Computational geometry, Charge-coupled image sensors, Noise robustness. Abstract: The problem of pose determination using a calibrated structured light system is to determine the position and orientation of an object relative to a camera coordinate frame. By projecting a multiple-line light pattern to the three planes of the object, a number of line-to-plane correspondences can be obtained, from which an efficient and compact closed-form solution for the pose determination is derived. The performance of the proposed algorithm in the presence of noise is also investigated. Preliminary experiments conducted with a structured light system shows that this novel method is robust, efficient and is applicable to the real-time pose determination of mobile robot |
16,105 | Please write an abstract with title: A Universal Reconfigurable Waveguide Coupler for Optical Microcavities, and key words: Physics, Laser theory, Australia. Abstract: We propose a universal, reconfigurable waveguide coupler designed to access optical microcavities easily. As the coupler can consist of any material, it can cover a wide range of refractive indices for phase-matching. |
16,106 | Please write an abstract with title: Electrodynamic characteristics of a multigap loop antenna with phased excitation in a magnetoplasma, and key words: Electrodynamics, Integral equations, Magnetic moments, Antenna feeds, Current distribution, Orbits, Magnetic analysis. Abstract: A study is made of the electrodynamic characteristics of a multigap loop antenna immersed in a homogeneous magnetoplasma. The loop axis is parallel to an external static magnetic field and the antenna current is excited by voltages applied across the feeding gaps of the antenna conductor. Using the integral equation method, the current distribution of such a source is obtained. Based on this solution for the current, it is shown that the antenna driven by appropriately phased voltages is capable of selectively exciting twisted waves with given azimuthal indices in the magnetoplasma. |
16,107 | Please write an abstract with title: NBTI Impact of Surface Orientation in Stacked Gate-All-Around Nanosheet Transistor, and key words: Negative bias temperature instability, Thermal variables control, Layout, Gallium arsenide, Logic gates, Nanoscale devices, Transistors. Abstract: We report a thorough study of the negative bias temperature instability (NBTI) reliability in stacked gate-all-around (GAA) nanosheet (NS) devices with (100) and (110) top surfaces. We demonstrated that NBTI stresses not only create more permanent defects in (110) than (100) surface due to higher density of Si-H bond but also induce more recoverable damages. Finally, we show that NBTI deteriorates at narrow sheet width in (100) NS but is width independent in (110) NS. |
16,108 | Please write an abstract with title: Forecasting of EV Arrivals at Battery Swapping Station using GA-BPNN, and key words: Measurement, Training, Analytical models, Computational modeling, Transportation, Mean square error methods, Batteries. Abstract: Electric Vehicles (EV) are gaining popularity from the transportation sector, as it causes less harm to the environment. The battery inside the EV can be refilled using battery charging or battery swapping. As battery swapping method is found to be advantageous over battery charging, Battery Swapping Stations (BSS) is presently the hot topic of research. Forecasting of EV arrivals helps in optimal planning of BSS. Back Propagation Neural Network (BPNN) is frequently used in forecasting. BPNN trained with traditional algorithms such as Levenberg Marquardt (LM) gets stuck at the local optima. This problem can be overcomed using metaheuristic algorithms such as Genetic Algorithm (GA). Thus, in this present work a comparative study on forecasting the EV arrivals at BSS is carried out using LM-BPNN and GA-BPNN. The two models have been simulated using MATLAB/Simulink environment and their performance is analysed using metrics such as Mean Square Error (MSE) and simulation time. |
16,109 | Please write an abstract with title: A Novel Single-Stage High-Power-Factor LED Power Supply with Soft-Switching Feature for Streetlight Applications, and key words: Reactive power, Power supplies, Zero voltage switching, Light emitting diodes, Voltage control, Zero current switching, Inductors. Abstract: This paper presents a novel single-stage LED power supply with soft-switching feature suitable for streetlight applications. The proposed AC-DC LED power supply integrates an interleaved buck converter with coupled inductors and a half-bridge LLC resonant converter into a single-stage power-conversion circuit with reduced voltage stress on the DC-bus capacitor and power switches. Furthermore, coupled inductors in the interleaved buck converter are designed to be operated in discontinuous-conduction mode (DCM) for carrying on power-factor-correction, and the half-bridge LLC resonant converter features zero-voltage switching (ZVS) to reduce switching losses of power switches, and zero-current switching (ZCS) to decrease conduction losses of power diodes. A 144 W (36V14A)-rated LED prototype circuit is successfully developed and implemented for supplying an LED streetlight module and operating with a utility-line input voltage of 110 V. High power factor and satisfying efficiency are achieved in the proposed LED power supply for streetlight applications. |
16,110 | Please write an abstract with title: Localizing Mobile Nodes in WSNs using Dragonfly Algorithm, and key words: Measurement, Wireless sensor networks, Scalability, Metaheuristics, Interference, Mobile nodes. Abstract: The most fundamental and important parameter in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is to locate the actual location of the node which is supposed to be the target. To locate the node, the utmost parameter is to determine the coordinates of the nodes otherwise all the information which is accumulated using the other sensor nodes will be of no use and hence the communication will be erroneous and may become as a source of interference for all the nodes. Thus for majority of the application under WSNs, necessity is to find the exact geographical location of the target nodes. In this paper, to compute the location of randomly moving target nodes an algorithm known as Dragon Fly Metaheuristic algorithm is used. A node whose position is known is normally deployed in the middle of the region which is to be sensed. The effectiveness of the DA method may be determined by getting results and comparing performance metrics such as the number of localised nodes, location, and scalability. |
16,111 | Please write an abstract with title: Zero-Shot Transfer Learning of a Throwing Task via Domain Randomization, and key words: Grippers, Damping, Training, Robots, Containers, Task analysis, Trajectory. Abstract: Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) on continuous robot control has received a wide range of interests over the last decade. Collecting data directly from real robots results in high sample complexities and can cause safety accidents, so simulators are widely used as efficient alternatives for real robots. Unfortunately, policies trained in the simulation cannot be directly transferred to real-world robots due to a mismatch between the simulation and the reality, which is referred to as ‘reality gap’. To close this gap, domain randomization (DR) is commonly used. DR guarantees better transferability in the zero-shot setting, i.e. training agents in the source domain and testing them on the previously unseen target domain without fine-tuning. In this work, we identify the positive influence of DR on zero-shot transfer between the sim-to-sim setting with an object throwing task. |
16,112 | Please write an abstract with title: Application of theorem proving to automated diagnoses field, and key words: Electric breakdown, Gears, Automation, Artificial intelligence, Cities and towns, Electronic components, Humans, Printed circuits, Fault diagnosis, Logic circuits. Abstract: Presents a theorem proving system constructed by Prolog. Based on the descriptions, data and assumptions of logical circuit board (devices), the system can diagnose malfunction of devices automatically, proving whether some component works well. |
16,113 | Please write an abstract with title: Reversible data hiding scheme based on image partitioning and histogram shifting, and key words: Image quality, Histograms, Big Data, Sorting, Payloads. Abstract: This paper proposes a new reversible data hiding scheme based on image partitioning and histogram shifting. The existing histogram shifting reversible data hiding scheme has been presented based on finding the values of the peak point and the zero point and then moving the histogram to modify the relevant pixel values to embed information. Although this scheme has several advantages, its embedding capacity is greatly restricted, and its image quality is not very good. Aiming at this vulnerability, a new method is proposed: first dividing the image into blocks, then sorting the embedding order of the sub-images according to specific rules, and finally, embedding information according to the sorted sub-image order. The sorting rule is an ascending order based on the number of invalid pixel values that need to be modified. Experimental results show that the image embedding capacity is significantly improved with guaranteed quality. And when the amount of payload to be embedded is less than the entire payload, this scheme improves image quality by reducing unnecessary pixel value shifts. |
16,114 | Please write an abstract with title: Social networks applied, and key words: Social network services, Semantic Web, Computational modeling, Power system modeling, Shape, Terminology, Ontologies, Service oriented architecture, Information processing, Marketing and sales. Abstract: Social networks have interesting properties. They influence our lives enormously without us being aware of the implications they raise. The authors investigate the following areas concerning social networks: how to exploit our unprecedented wealth of data and how we can mine social networks for purposes such as marketing campaigns; social networks as a particular form of influence, i.e.., the way that people agree on terminology and this phenomenon's implications for the way we build ontologies and the Semantic Web; social networks as something we can discover from data; the use of social network information to offer a wealth of new applications such as better recommendations for restaurants, trustworthy email senders, or (maybe) blind dates; investigation of the richness and difficulty of harvesting FOAF (friend-of-a-friend) information; and by looking at how information processing is bound to social context, the resulting ways that network topology's definition determines its outcomes. |
16,115 | Please write an abstract with title: An improvement of the minimum distortion encoding algorithm for vector quantization, and key words: Encoding, Vector quantization, Computational complexity, Distortion measurement, Information systems, Flowcharts, Computational modeling, Performance loss. Abstract: In this note we present a very simple method for improving the efficiency of minimum distortion encoding for vector quantization. Simulations indicates a reduction of up to 70 percent in the number of multiplications for a full search vector quantizer with a large number of codewords, and about 25-40 percent for a tree search vector quantizer. Similar improvement can be achieved in other vector quantization systems. |
16,116 | Please write an abstract with title: Semantic Coding for Text Transmission: An Iterative Design, and key words: Semantics, Decoding, Iterative decoding, Encoding, Iterative methods, Transformers, Codes. Abstract: We consider the wireless text transmission using joint source-channel coding (JSCC). Classical source coding only considers the syntactic information based on probabilistic models, ignoring the meaning of source messages. Neural network based joint source and channel coders handle the source semantic information more efficiently. However, existing semantic transmission using end-to-end neural networks do not generalize well under varying channel conditions. To tackle this, we propose a semi-neural framework with an iterative architecture, named iterative semantic JSCC (IS-JSCC). Specifically, at each iteration, the remaining semantics is extracted from the intermediate decoded text and is then used as a priori information for the channel decoder in the next iteration. Instead of reconstructing text explicitly, we synthesize the semantics of candidate words in the embedding space, weighted by their posterior probability. This soft semantic synthesis alleviates the error propagation and reduces the complexity of iterative decoding as well. Results show that compared to full-neural designs, the proposed framework can improve the quality of text reconstruction by joint iterative decoding and exhibit better robustness over wireless channels. |
16,117 | Please write an abstract with title: EWIDL: Single-Source Web API Documentation Management System, and key words: Software maintenance, TV, Documentation, Tools, Syntactics, Maintenance engineering, Task analysis. Abstract: This paper is an overview of the EWIDL documentation management system for Web APIs. We designed EWIDL based on our experience with the development of Tizen Web API. Over the eight years of our work, two requirements have proven to be the most important for successful documentation management. Firstly, the documentation should be machine-readable to support automatic validation tools development. EWIDL achieves this by combining Doxygen documentation comments' format with Web IDL language. Secondly, the system should support the maintenance of multiple variants of documentation. Tizen Web API behavior varies between different target devices, depending on the software version and hardware profile (mobile, wearable, and TV). Managing documentation for all configurations simultaneously is a challenging task with ever-increasing complexity as new versions are released. We chose a single-sourcing approach by including conditional configuration preprocessor syntax in EWIDL documents. |
16,118 | Please write an abstract with title: The Improved Equivalent Circuit Models Considering End Effects of Annular Linear Induction Electromagnetic Pump for Space Nuclear Power Supply, and key words: Integrated circuit modeling, Equivalent circuits, Metals, Magnetic liquids, Electromagnetics, Mathematical model, Stator cores. Abstract: The improved equivalent circuit models considering the end effects are put forward to predict the performance of annular linear induction electromagnetic pump (ALIP) based on the one-dimensional analytical model built in this paper. First, the one-dimensional physical model of ALIP is established, and the analytical expressions of electromagnetic fields are deduced and the impact of the end effects on it is analyzed. Then, two equivalent circuit models including the model only considering the end effects and the model fully taking the end effects and the difference of synchronous velocity among the end effect traveling waves and the fundamental wave into account are developed. Meanwhile, the key impedance parameters in the equivalent circuit models are obtained and the correction coefficients of the impedance generated by the end effects are abstracted. Furtherly, the performances of a small designed ALIP are calculated by the conventional and two improved equivalent circuit models respectively, the results obtained from them are compared with measured data to validate the rationality and feasibility of the models proposed. |
16,119 | Please write an abstract with title: Market-Based Values—Learning From the Game, and key words: Games, Consumer electronics, Tuning, Business, Programming profession. Abstract: Gaming is now very much a consumer activity with multiple business models and large revenue streams. If we view it as some kind of educational activity, we can rightly ask, "What does it teach us about consumer electronics?" Consumer Engineers are responding to the requirements of businesses and the requirements of Consumers. Certainly, they still need to show that their technology will be acceptable and popular in the consumer market, but they also need to show that their technology is of value to the teams and organizations that create games. They must show that their platform is able to be efficient, easy to host, is compatible with other software systems, provides the data necessary and all the other things that are of interest to game developers but have little direct value to game players. |
16,120 | Please write an abstract with title: Feedlot-produced ammonia emissions quantified using dual-comb spectroscopy, and key words: Temperature measurement, Ammonia, Spectroscopy, Temperature dependence, Measurement by laser beam, Lasers and electrooptics, Cows. Abstract: Ammonia flux from a cattle feedlot is characterized using two integrated-path dual-comb spectroscopy (DCS) measurements. Precision agricultural DCS measurements over several months reveal temperature and wind dependence of the feedlot ammonia emission rates. |
16,121 | Please write an abstract with title: Spectral Domain Solution of Arbitrary Coplanar Transmission Line with Multilayer Substrate (Short Papers), and key words: Coplanar transmission lines, Nonhomogeneous media, Dielectric substrates, Conductors, Surface waves, Couplings, Microstrip, Coplanar waveguides, Strips, Frequency. Abstract: A hybrid mode analysis is presented for a multilayer dielectric within a rectangular conducting box. An arbitrary set of conductors may be distributed along the lower surface of the top layer, so that single or coupled forms may be analyzed of slot line, microstrip, or coplanar waveguide. The analysis combines a transfer-matrix approach with the spectral domain method to give a versatile and efficient solution. CPU time on an IBM 360/65 is about 1 s per layer of substrate, for a single slot or strip, at one frequency. |
16,122 | Please write an abstract with title: Smart and agile local energy systems hold the key for broader net-zero energy transitions, and key words: Feedback loop, Climate change, Greenhouse effect, Smart grids, Stakeholders, Iterative methods, System analysis and design. Abstract: The UK has centered itself in the global race to mitigate the impacts of climate change with ambitious plans announced in 2019, committing to the elimination of the UK's net contribution to greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. These targets will require a transition of a historically inelastic energy system within a closing window of time. Our paper presents a whole system approach which argues that decentralized and distributed energy resources operating at grid-edge need an agile trial framework with multi-perspective and experienced stakeholders to develop balanced and well-supported network flexibility services. Incubating these new grid-edge network services require innovative market, operators and digital infrastructure, particularly at local scales. Based on preliminary findings from a UK perspective, Project LEO, we propose a framework around the restructuring of local energy systems which reduce uncertainty through an innovative 'ecosystem' that gives room to failure while minimizing risk to extract value and learnings. |
16,123 | Please write an abstract with title: Collocated Microstrip Slot MIMO Antennas for Cellular Bands Along With 5G Phased Array Antenna for User Equipments (UEs), and key words: Slot antennas, Microstrip antenna arrays, Phased arrays, Microstrip antennas, Antenna arrays, Microstrip, 5G mobile communication. Abstract: In this paper, three different microstrip slot radiators are proposed on single user equipment (UE) size ground plane providing flexibility for the user to utilize many useful bands such as some lower cellular bands, Sub-6 GHz band, and mm-wave 5G band. First, a 2-port multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna (Type-I) utilizing polarization diversity is designed for useful cellular bands from 1.6 -2.2 GHz and 2.5-2.7 GHz (|S11| <; -6dB, |S21| <; -20dB) with a realized gain of around 4 dBi. Second, two 2-port MIMO antennas (Type-II) are designed for sub-6 GHz 5G band from 3.3 - 5 GHz (|S11| <; -10dB, |S21| <; -15dB) with a realized gain around 7 dBi. A new connected meander ground slot is introduced here as a decoupling structure. Third, two circularly polarized 1 × 8 linear arrays (Type-III) is designed for the 5G band from 27 - 29GHz (|S11| <; -10dB) with an adjacent port isolation greater than 20 dB and a realized gain around 12dBiC. The proposed phased array is also implemented using the SiGe RFIC (ADMV4821) based 5G analog beamformer. A beam steering of ±30° is achieved along the array axis. The performances of the prototype are also characterized in the presence of other major metallic components, hand, and head phantom. The simulated and experimental results make the different MIMO antennas and 5G phased arrays enabled prototype as a suitable candidate for future UEs. |
16,124 | Please write an abstract with title: An Identification Method for Sympathetic Inrush Based on Substation-Area Information, and key words: Surges, Surge protection, Circuit faults, Harmonic analysis, Fault diagnosis, Magnetic flux, Fault currents. Abstract: Sympathetic inrush is a phenomenon that occurs in an in-service transformer (IT) when a nearby transformer is energized. The phenomenon can cause transformer differential protection to maloperate. Identification methods for sympathetic inrush have been proposed to deal with the problem. However, these methods are based on local information from the IT, while sympathetic inrush involves two or more transformers. Therefore, an identification method is proposed based on substation-area information. A substation-area differential current is defined and its second harmonic component is utilized to identify the sympathetic inrush. Simulation results by PSCAD/EMTDC show the proposed method can distinguish sympathetic inrush from internal faults and energization inrush effectively. |
16,125 | Please write an abstract with title: Experimental characterization of impairments induced by link-control-channels in DWDM systems, and key words: Wavelength division multiplexing, Degradation, Semiconductor optical amplifiers, Stimulated emission, Optical saturation, Optical sensors, Control systems, Optical fiber networks, Optical amplifiers, Power amplifiers. Abstract: To reduce in-line amplifier power transients induced by optical power variations, link control channel might be considered. This technique can lead to significant transmission degradations. We present a numerical and experimental characterization of such degradation effects. We determine which control channels power levels and grid spacing are compatible with common DWDM links specifications. These results could be used for design rules. |
16,126 | Please write an abstract with title: A Novel Deep Soft Clustering for Unsupervised Univariate Times Series, and key words: Training, Actuators, Time series analysis, Data acquisition, Signal processing algorithms, Clustering algorithms, Estimation. Abstract: Electromechanical actuators in the aerospace industry are gradually replacing hydraulic ones. In these circumstances, prognostics and health management are innovative frameworks to ensure better safety on board, especially in flight controls where jamming is dreaded. It allows the user to assess and predict system health in real-time. The first step is to collect temporal data from the monitored actuator and perform a data mining procedure to gain insight into its current health. Clustering encompasses several data-driven methods used to reveal patterns. However, getting a set of classes usually requires providing the algorithm with prior knowledge, such as the number of groups to seek. To avoid this drawback, we have developed a clustering algorithm using a deep neural network, as its core, to get the number of groups in data associated with their likelihood. Temporal sequences are reshaped into pictures to be fed into an artificially trained neural network: U-NET. The latter outputs segmented images from which one-dimensional information is extracted and filtered, without any need for parameter selection. A kernel density estimation finally transforms the signal into a candidate density. This new method provides a robust clustering result coupled with an empirical probability to label the times series. It lays the groundwork for future training of diagnosis and prognosis structures in the PHM framework. |
16,127 | Please write an abstract with title: Editorial: Fuzzy Logic and Artificial Intelligence: A Special Issue on Emerging Techniques and Their Applications, and key words: Special issues and sections, Fuzzy logic, Artificial intelligence, Prediction algorithms, Fuzzy sets, Research and development, Market research, Linguistics. Abstract: The eighteen papers in this special section focus on emerging techniques and applications supported by fuzzy logic and artificial intelligence (AI). AI has become the focus of the day and attracted much attention from researchers, industries, and governments. This special issue serves as a forum to bring together all emerging techniques for fuzzy logic and fuzzy set-based AI and foster new advancements along this important direction. Actually, there have been a number of research pursuits that position themselves at the junction of AI and fuzzy logic. For example, natural language processing, viewed as the jewel in the crown of AI, has been one of the focal points in the domain of fuzzy logic and fuzzy sets. Fuzzy sets can offer an effective paradigm supporting accurate understanding of natural language and build efficient linkages to human intelligence through concepts and computing with membership functions, in particular type-2 fuzzy sets for explainable AI. |
16,128 | Please write an abstract with title: Save or Waste: Real Data Based Energy-Efficient Driving, and key words: Energy consumption, Vehicles, Predictive models, Data models, Roads, Batteries, Regulation. Abstract: Energy consumption is the key to restrict the development of electric vehicles (EV), which is heavily affected by complex driving behaviors. In this paper, we propose a classified driving behavior based energy consumption prediction model, as well as recommended mechanisms for energy-efficient driving. Firstly, utilizing six EVs, we collect real data related to driving behaviors and energy consumption of vehicle in one year. After clustering behaviors of drivers, we present an energy consumption predication model, which accurately forecast the energy consumption caused by different driving behaviors. Motivated by the model, energy-saving strategies are proposed to recommend suitable driving behaviors. The simulation results further indicate that the accuracy of the proposed model is up to 98%. Specifically, the proposed model is less dependence on data volume, which guarantees the precision of more than 96% when the data volume is very small. |
16,129 | Please write an abstract with title: Traffic Light Management Systems Using Reinforcement Learning, and key words: Performance evaluation, Training, Technological innovation, Heuristic algorithms, Reinforcement learning, Sensor systems, Sensors. Abstract: While reducing traffic congestion and decrease the number of traffic accidents in the intersections, most of the traffic light management approaches cannot adapt well to fast changing traffic dynamics and growing demands of the intersections with modern world developments. To overcome this problem, adaptive traffic controllers are developed, and detectors and sensors are added to systems to enable adoption and dynamism. Recently, reinforcement learning has shown its capability to learn the dynamics of complex environments, such as urban traffic. Although it was studied in single junction systems, one of the problems was the lack of consistency with how the real world system works. Most of the systems assume that the environment is fully observable or actions would be freely executed using simulators. This study aims to merge usefulness of reinforcement learning methods with real-world traffic constraints. Comparative performance evaluations show that the reinforcement learning algorithm (Advantage Actor-Critic (A2C)) converges well while staying stable under changing traffic dynamics. |
16,130 | Please write an abstract with title: On weak conditions and optimality inequality solutions in risk-sensitive controlled Markov processes with average criterion, and key words: Optimal control, Process control, Markov processes, Cost function, State-space methods, Equations, Kernel, Computer science, Measurement standards, Performance analysis. Abstract: A standard approach to the problem of finding optimal policies for controlled Markov processes with average cost is based on the existence of solutions to an average optimality equation, or an average optimality inequality (Cavazos-Cadena and Sennott (1992), Sennott (1999)). In the latter, conditions are imposed on the solutions to the inequalities such that if one such solution is found, then optimal policies are obtained for all values of the state. In Hernandez-Lerma and Lasserre, (1994), such conditions are relaxed, at the expense that perhaps optimal policies are characterized for only a proper subset of the state space. Motivated by the work in Hernandez-Lerma and Lasserre, optimality inequality results were presented in Hernandez-Hernandez and Marcus, (1999), for the risk-sensitive case, purposely trying to emulate in the risk-sensitive case what had been done previously for the risk-neutral case. However, as it is illustrated in the sequel, the results in Hernandez-Hernandez and Marcus exhibit an acute fragility not present in their risk-null counterparts. |
16,131 | Please write an abstract with title: MindTime: Deep Learning Approach for Borderline Personality Disorder Detection, and key words: Support vector machines, Deep learning, Mood, Neural networks, Text categorization, Feature extraction, Ubiquitous computing. Abstract: Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a mental illness characterized by a long-term pattern of unstable relationships and strong emotional reactions. Those affected often engage in self-harm and other dangerous behavior. This paper introduces the MindTime system, which aims to detect Borderline personality disorder symptoms and signs of Self-harm ideation. MindTime is a personal diary mobile app. It allows users to make notes of daily events, experiences, thoughts, and feelings. The system features include password protection, mood tracking, text journals, voice recording (with speech to text), and video recording. Once the user adds a diary input, it is analyzed to detect if there are signs of BPD symptoms. We investigated different classifiers to extracts features from the stored diaries based on the input type text and video. The used classifiers were Naive Bayes, SVM, KNN, and finally LSTM. For text, The result showed that SVM and LSTM classifiers achieved the best user accuracy of 90.1% and 91%. As for audiovisual input CNN achieved user accuracy of 65%. |
16,132 | Please write an abstract with title: Patch-NetVLAD+: Learned patch descriptor and weighted matching strategy for place recognition, and key words: Location awareness, Visualization, Aggregates, Semantics, Intelligent systems, IEEE Regions. Abstract: Visual Place Recognition (VPR) in areas with similar scenes such as urban or indoor scenarios is a major challenge. Existing VPR methods using global descriptors have difficulty capturing local specific region (LSR) in the scene and are therefore prone to localization confusion in such scenarios. As a result, finding the LSRs that are critical for location recognition becomes key. To address this challenge, we introduced Patch-NetVLAD+, which was inspired by patch-based VPR researches. Our method proposed a fine-tuning strategy with triplet loss to make NetVLAD suitable for extracting patch-level descriptors. Moreover, unlike existing methods that treat all patches in an image equally, our method extracts patches of LSR, which present less frequently throughout the dataset, and makes them play an important role in VPR by assigning proper weights to them. Experiments on Pittsburgh30k and Tokyo247 datasets show that our approach achieved up to 9.3% performance improvement than existing patch-based methods. |
16,133 | Please write an abstract with title: AEGIS: Detection and Mitigation of TCP SYN Flood on SDN Controller, and key words: IP networks, Control systems, Servers, Support vector machines, Protocols, Computer crime. Abstract: Software-Defined Network (SDN) segregates the control plane and the data plane to bring about a programmable network. The controller at the control plane runs network modules and sets rules for forwarding the packets in the switches that resides at the data plane. Though advantageous in several ways, SDN can fail when the controller is saturated by a flood of TCP SYN packets. SYN flood can be created using malicious spoofing of IP or MAC addresses or flash crowd. The existing solutions to mitigate SYN flood against the controller does not adequately handle MAC spoofing based SYN flood, and these are unable to distinguish between flash crowd and malicious traffic. To overcome some limitations in existing solutions, we propose a novel mechanism called AEGIS, which detect and mitigate SYN flood against the controller in SDN. AEGIS runs in the controller, and it regularly checks if there is a performance lag in the controller due to an ongoing SYN flood. If a performance degradation is detected, then AEGIS takes it an indication of SYN flood and it identifies whether it is due to spoofed addresses or flash crowd. Once the reason is found, the appropriate mitigation procedure is triggered. We evaluate AEGIS in testbed and emulator settings, and we compare the results of the evaluation with state-of-the-art solutions. The performance evaluation of AEGIS shows that it identifies the malicious SYN at an accuracy of 97.78%. Moreover, when there is no SYN flood, AEGIS takes 0.0637s to set up a successful TCP connection, which is 53.81% less than the time taken by the state-of-the-art solution, thus, it proves that AEGIS is lightweight. |
16,134 | Please write an abstract with title: Non-causal regularized least-squares for continuous-time system identification with band-limited input excitations, and key words: Discrete-time systems, Interpolation, Conferences, Estimation, Numerical simulation, Control systems, Frequency response. Abstract: In continuous-time system identification, the inter-sample behavior of the input signal is known to play a crucial role in the performance of estimation methods. One common input behavior assumption is that the spectrum of the input is band-limited. The sinc interpolation property of these input signals yields equivalent discrete-time representations that are non-causal. This observation, often overlooked in the literature, is exploited in this work to study non-parametric frequency response estimators of linear continuous-time systems. We study the properties of non-causal least-square estimators for continuous-time system identification, and propose a kernel-based non-causal regularized least-squares approach for estimating the band-limited equivalent impulse response. The pro-posed methods are tested via extensive numerical simulations. |
16,135 | Please write an abstract with title: The Maximal Eigengap Estimator for Acoustic Vector-Sensor Processing, and key words: Direction-of-arrival estimation, Estimation, Signal processing, Acoustics, Frequency estimation, Wideband, Narrowband. Abstract: This paper introduces the maximal eigengap estimator for finding the direction of arrival of a wideband acoustic signal using a single vector-sensor. We show that in this setting narrowband cross-spectral density matrices can be combined in an optimal weighting that approximately maximizes signal-to-noise ratio across a wide frequency band. The signal subspace resulting from this optimal combination of narrowband power matrices defines the maximal eigengap estimator. We discuss the advantages of the maximal eigengap estimator over competing methods, and demonstrate its utility in a real-data application using signals collected in 2019 from an acoustic vector-sensor deployed in the Monterey Bay. |
16,136 | Please write an abstract with title: Trial Development of a Robotic Hand Based on Soft Robotics, and key words: Conferences, Grasping, Soft robotics, Manipulators, Life sciences. Abstract: This paper describes a soft robotic hand for people with severe disabilities. We used soft material, thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), to create the robotic hand. Using the TPU hand with a robotic arm, we experimentally performed to grasp and lift object. 50 kinds of daily needs were tested as grasping object in the experiment. From the experimental results, it is found that the success rates of grasping rectangular-, spheral/circular-, and cylindrical-shaped objects are more than 80 %, and that of grasping indeterminate-shaped objects is less than 77 %. |
16,137 | Please write an abstract with title: Analytical Model for the Maximum Radar Cross Section of Dielectric Trihedral Corner Reflectors, and key words: Optical losses, Analytical models, Radar cross-sections, Surface waves, Millimeter wave measurements, Interference, Optical variables measurement. Abstract: Millimeter wave measurements and simulations of dielectric trihedral corner reflectors are presented. Similar to conventional metallic corner reflectors they exhibit retroreflective properties but show interference effects for perpendicular incidence. This leads to significantly fluctuating values of the radar cross section in dependency of the reflector size and material constants. A mathematical proof is given, showing that the path length through a trihedral is constant for perpendicular incidence. This serves as the basis for deriving an analytical model of the radar cross section to evaluate design parameters for dielectric corner reflectors. |
16,138 | Please write an abstract with title: Transporting a heavy object on a frictional floor by a mobile manipulator based on adaptive MPC framework, and key words: Adaptation models, Adaptive systems, Predictive models, Manipulators, Time measurement, Task analysis, Floors. Abstract: This work tackles a task to transport an object by a mobile manipulator to the designated location. Heavy objects that the robot cannot lift up and needs to push or drag are targeted. It is assumed that the mass property of the object and the frictional characteristics between the object and the floor are unknown. In addition, a caging strategy of loosely holding the object is employed in order to reduce the required motor torques. Thus, a challenge is how to deal with uncertainties accompanied with interactions between the robot, the object and the ground. A control system that stands on a combination of an instantaneous equilibration model of a planar frictional movement and the adaptive model predictive control (MPC) to modify the model parameters during the operation is proposed and implemented on a mobile manipulator. Efficacy of the proposed method was verified through experiments, in which even objects that are equipped with casters and thus have largely different characteristics from the supposed friction model were successfully moved to the desired destination. |
16,139 | Please write an abstract with title: Thin-Film Thermophoresis in Photoninc Band Gap Fibers for Sub-nanoMolar Raman Sensing Sensitivity, and key words: Nanoparticles, Sensitivity, Photonic band gap, Sensors, Electrooptical waveguides, Photonics, Fiber lasers. Abstract: We present sub-nanomolar Raman detection of nanoparticles, without SERS, enabled by thin-film thermophoreis via photonic bandgap confinement. We achieve sensitivity-of-detection at 0.240 nM, an enhancement of over 8 orders of magnitude. |
16,140 | Please write an abstract with title: 120 GBd SiGe-Based 2:1 Analog Multiplexer Module for Ultra-Broadband Transmission Systems, and key words: Multiplexing, Microwave integrated circuits, Metals, Europe, Bandwidth, Digital signal processing, Packaging. Abstract: A 2:1 analog multiplexer (AMUX) module based on a SiGe-HBT IC is presented. The AMUX module offers a 6-dB analog signal path bandwidth of 61 GHz. We show a 120 GBd 4-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) signal with the AMUX module fed by two CMOS-digital-to-analog converters (DACs), each with 19 GHz analog 3-dB bandwidth only, thus demonstrating high-baud-rate signal generation with bandwidth-limited CMOS DACs enabled by advanced digital signal processing. |
16,141 | Please write an abstract with title: A new design of wire locators for drift tubes, and key words: Wire, Pins, Position sensitive particle detectors, Thin wall structures, Production systems, X-ray tomography, System testing, Mechanical variables measurement, Silicon, Spatial resolution. Abstract: Every position-sensitive wire detector needs to solve the problem of wire positioning with a defined accuracy all over its sensitive volume. In particular, thin-walled drift tubes ("straws"), which are currently being attached to large detector units of several tens of square meters of surface, need to be equipped with wire locators along their signal wires. A wire locator has been developed together with an insertion device, especially for medium-sized drift tube systems, which significantly reduces the production time and avoids the danger of applying epoxy glue to the signal wire. The wire locator is being inserted in one single time-saving production step together with the signal wire itself. The proposed design is being compared to the rigid wire locators in use in the COMPASS straw tracking system at CERN. The investigation comprises both wire-centering capability and influence on the efficiency of adjacent detector regions, demonstrating the competitive performance of the proposed new system. Its sufficient mechanical reliability could be shown by means of an X-ray tomography; the attractively small influence on the drift field was determined in a test measurement using a silicon tracking system in a hadron beam. |
16,142 | Please write an abstract with title: A Method for Adversarial Example Generation by Perturbing Selected Pixels, and key words: Jacobian matrices, Deep learning, Perturbation methods, Neural networks, Information processing. Abstract: Recent research has shown that deep neural networks can intentionally change their output by adding perturbation to the input. Such images are called adversarial examples. An attack method that uses sparse perturbations is Jacobian-based Saliency Map Attack(JSMA), which finds the pixel to perturb by generating a saliency map from the gradient of the output. It deceives the neural network by changing the pixel value to the maximum or minimum value. However, changing the value of a pixel to a maximum or minimum value is not optimal for generating adversarial examples because the perturbation is perceived by human eyes. In this study, we propose a new method to reduce perturbations and generate adversarial examples in which perturbations are not easily recognized by human eyes. Our method generates adversarial examples with smaller perturbations by improving the extraction conditions of pixels in JSMA to be perturbed and the method of adding perturbations. Experimental results show that the method can generate smaller perturbations with a misclassification rate comparable to that of JSMA. This makes the perturbations less recognizable to human eyes. |
16,143 | Please write an abstract with title: Acoustic measurements of baroclinic energy and momentum fluxes on the Hawaiian ridge, and key words: Acoustic measurements, Stress, Sea floor, Oceans, USA Councils, Acoustic beams, Sonar, Tides, Position measurement, Water resources. Abstract: Summary form only given. Multibeam Doppler acoustic sounders have been used for the past 30 years to estimate the three components of fluid velocity as a function of range. Efforts to use the separate beams as a spatial array, exploiting the velocity variability that occurs across the array have been less common. Estimates of Reynolds stresses have proven significant in under-ice and sea floor boundary layers. However, since the pioneering work of Plueddemann (1983), significant stresses have not been observed in the mid-water column. In September-October 2002, an eight-beam 140-160 kHz sonar was deployed at 400 m depth above the Kaena Ridge, west of the Hawaiian island of Oahu. The site is a known generating area for internal tides. One objective of the study was to determine the location of momentum and energy fluxes associated with baroclinic tidal rays. In contrast to the open ocean case, strong quasi-deterministic momentum fluxes are observed over the Kona Ridge, with magnitudes approaching 10/sup -4/ m/sup 2//s/sup 2/. The spatial pattern of the flux suggests that numerous source locations are contributing to the tidal motion in the lower half of the 1100 m-deep water column. In the upper ocean the dominant motion was generated at the northern edge of the ridge crest. Significant stresses are also found in high-frequency lee waves that are found near the sea floor. |
16,144 | Please write an abstract with title: Review of low carrier ratio converter system, and key words: Topology, Modulation, Switches, Pulse width modulation, Harmonic analysis, Switching frequency, Rectifiers. Abstract: With the rapid development of new energy power generation and high-power traction technology, the voltage and power levels of converter devices have been continuously improved, and the application of high-power converters is becoming increasingly widespread. However, high-power converters are affected by switching losses and heat dissipation, meaning they are not suitable for high carrier conditions. Therefore, research of low carrier ratio converter systems has received increased attention. Based on existing research, the problems of large current harmonics, low observation accuracy, and poor stability that may occur at low carrier ratios are explained. In addition, the topologies, modulation strategies, and control methods of the low carrier ratio converter system are analyzed and classified. Finally, future research directions of low carrier ratio converter systems are proposed. |
16,145 | Please write an abstract with title: Thermal stability of oxide superconductor at various temperatures, and key words: Thermal stability, Magnetic field measurement, Temperature dependence, Superconducting films, Magnetic properties, Bismuth, Strontium, Critical current, Current measurement, Energy measurement. Abstract: Quench properties of Bi/sub 2/Sr/sub 2/CaCu/sub 2/O/sub 8//AgMg tape were experimentally investigated under a cryocooled condition in high magnetic fields. The critical current (I/sub c/), quench current (I/sub q/), and minimum quench energy (MQE) were measured at various initial temperatures of 4.2 K, 10 K, and 20 K and at magnetic fields of 7 T and 9 T. MQE was the minimum disturbance energy enough to make thermal quench and was evaluated from the input energy by a resistive heater. It was found that MQE exhibited the minimum value around 20 K. The temperature margin, difference between the initial temperature and the thermal runaway temperature, decreased monotonously with increase at the operating temperature. Since the temperature dependence of MQE did not agree with that of temperature margin, we focused on the internal energy calculated by integrating specific heat of the sample. The temperature dependence of the internal energy was in agreement with that of MQE qualitatively. |
16,146 | Please write an abstract with title: Malicious URL detection Using majority vote method with machine learning and deep learning models, and key words: Uniform resource locators, Deep learning, Radio frequency, Economics, Computer hacking, Biological system modeling, Convolutional neural networks. Abstract: Website can be accessed by URL (Uniform Resource Locator) and hackers use it with unsolicited content, which leads to cyber-attacks known as malicious URL and causes economic loss around the world. Machine learning, deep learning and a lot of other mechanisms detect these malicious URLs. However, the combination of these models faces over-fitting problem if they do not follow the same law (binomial and multinomial laws combined). This paper suggests majority vote system of different machine learning and deep learning models. With 420 464 URLs, result is interesting for combination of Random Forest (RF), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) models, giving an accuracy rate of 93% and solving over-fitting problem. |
16,147 | Please write an abstract with title: Instructional Quality Assessment Criteria for MOOCs, and key words: Task analysis, Quality assessment, Stress, Systematics, Videos, Electronic learning. Abstract: MOOCs (massive open online courses) have recently garnered the attention of education authorities, policymakers, and planners. MOOCs have opened up new horizons for higher education, lifelong learning, and professional development because of being open, online, and massive and for facilitating access to education. However, there are major challenges to the quality of instruction provided by MOOCs. The present research was, therefore, an attempt to identify the criteria for the assessment of MOOCs. To this end, first the systematic review approach was used with several keywords namely "MOOC education quality", "MOOC success factors", and "MOOC opportunities" to search the Science Direct, Springer, Wiley, Google Scholar, and ERIC databases for three months. After filtering the retrieved references by title, abstract, and body, 19 valid articles were selected for the analysis and the criteria for the quality assessment of MOOCs were extracted. In the second research phase, the identified criteria were presented to 20 experts using the Delphi method and the data was analyzed using the agreement coefficients. According to the results, the experts agreed on 20 criteria which could be classified into three categories: 1) learning resources and content quality and accessibility, 2) diversity and proportionality of the learning activities, and 3) the learners' support system. Accordingly, the social context, organizational policies, and technologies are the three factors that interact with the educational elements to determine the quality of MOOCs. Suggestions are also provided in this research for future designers, producers, and researchers based on the research findings. |
16,148 | Please write an abstract with title: Two-Direction Dynamic Three-Way Decision Algorithm Based on PS-Rough Set, and key words: S-rough set, PS-rough set, three-way decisions, dynamic decisions, dynamic algorithm. Abstract: The set is dynamic, including elements moving in and out. The two-direction PS-probabilistic rough set considers both the dynamic characteristics of the set and the rough set theory of statistical information in the knowledge base. Based on dynamic three way decisions making on PS-rough set, the corresponding dynamic algorithm is given. First, according to the moving in and out of objects, different cases are discussed, and relevant theorems, inferences and propositions are proved. Secondly, the corresponding algorithms for dynamic changes of the decision is given. Finally, a set of UCI data sets used for activity recognition data sets is selected as experimental data. Through the selection of different subsets, a good effect has been achieved in the experiment of one-direction moving in, one-direction moving out and two-direction moving in and out, and the feasibility of the algorithm is proved. |
16,149 | Please write an abstract with title: Phase Inductance and Rotor Position Estimation for Sensorless Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine Drives at Standstill, and key words: Inductance, Rotors, Estimation, Voltage control, Inductance measurement, Hafnium, Voltage measurement. Abstract: Sensorless control is a common control method used in variable speed drive applications with permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs). In these drive systems, phase inductance (i.e., ${q}$ - and ${d}$ -axis inductance) is the key parameter in designing current controllers. Additionally, the rotor position is essential for coordinate transformation during the motor startup. This paper presents the two offline methods of 1) line-to-line voltage injection and 2) stator qd voltage injection of sensorless PMSM drives for the estimation of phase inductance and initial rotor position, respectively. A distinct feature of the proposed methods is that they estimate both inductance and rotor position using the same algorithm. These methods were experimentally verified using an interior PMSM (IPMSM) and a surface-mounted PMSM (SPMSM). Because of the use of a least-squares algorithm, only a limited number of voltage vectors are required to achieve reasonable accuracy for measuring inductance. However, the accuracy of the estimated position was linearly proportional with the number of voltage vectors injected. Furthermore, the position error for IPMSM was found to be smaller than that for SPMSM. |
16,150 | Please write an abstract with title: Generation of OAM vortex electromagnetic wave by using microstrip antenna array, and key words: Phased arrays, Microstrip antenna arrays, Antenna theory, Transmitting antennas, Electromagnetic scattering, Microstrip antennas, Antenna feeds. Abstract: The OAM vortex electromagnetic wave are generated by using the particular circular phased microstrip antenna array, which can provide more efficient and reliable transmission of information. Based on the theoretical analysis of OAM, the proposed phased microstrip antenna array can generate vortex electromagnetic waves carrying OAM at a center frequency of 6 GHz. The excitation is carried out by using the phase difference between adjacent antenna elements as a constant value, and a circular antenna array with a double-layer circular microstrip antenna as the antenna element is designed. By controlling the phase difference between the antenna elements, the orbital angular momentum with OAM mode numbers of 0, 1, 2, 3 are obtained. It is known from the results that by designing antenna array with different structures and changing the phase difference between the antenna elements, vortex electromagnetic waves carrying good orbital angular momentum can be obtained. |
16,151 | Please write an abstract with title: Transport properties and magneto-optic Kerr effect in sputtered Co<inf>x</inf>Si<inf>1-x</inf>films, and key words: Magnetic properties, Magnetooptic effects, Kerr effect, Amorphous materials, Amorphous magnetic materials, Glass, Magnetic films, Crystallization, Sputtering, Conductivity. Abstract: CoSi films have been obtained at room temperature by triode sputtering. The films were prepared in a wide composition range, but the coexistence of amorphousness and ferromagnetism takes place only for .55<x<.80 at room temperature. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and resistivity behaviour versus temperature are typical of an amorphous system. Measurements of Hall voltage as a function of temperature and magneto-optical transverse Kerr effect are also reported. |
16,152 | Please write an abstract with title: Distributed Correlation Detection in Streaming Graph Signal, and key words: Correlation, Target tracking, Signal processing algorithms, Diffusion processes, Filtering algorithms, Information filters, Indexes. Abstract: Change detection with streaming signal in a dis-tributed network is a fundamental yet vital research for lots of applications from epidemiology to target tracking. In this paper, this problem is addressed from the perspective of correlation evolution when change occurs locally yet diffuses in the net-work. We propose an online change detection algorithm that is completely distributed across nodes with online signal. This algorithm does not demand a high-level information interaction and is compatible in terms of change types. The correlation characteristic with graph filter and its performance in change detection are illustrated with simulation. |
16,153 | Please write an abstract with title: Self-Distillation for Few-Shot Image Captioning, and key words: Computer vision, Annotations, Conferences, Training data, Manuals, Data models, Task analysis. Abstract: The development of large-scale image-captioning datasets is expensive, while the abundance of unpaired images and text corpus can potentially help reduce the efforts of manual annotation. In this paper, we study the few-shot image captioning problem that only requires a small amount of annotated image-caption pairs. We propose an ensemble- based self-distillation method that allows image captioning models to be trained with unpaired images and captions. The ensemble consists of multiple base models trained with different data samples in each iteration. For learning from unpaired images, we generate multiple pseudo captions with the ensemble and allocate different weights according to their confidence levels. For learning from unpaired captions, we propose a simple yet effective pseudo feature generation method based on Gradient Descent. The pseudo captions and pseudo features from the ensemble are used to train the base models in future iterations. The proposed method is general over different image captioning models and datasets. Our experiments demonstrate significant performance improvements and meaningful captions generated with only 1% of paired training data. Source code is available at https://github.com/chenxy99/SD-FSIC. |
16,154 | Please write an abstract with title: 23.5% Efficiency GaAs Solar Cells Fabricated with Low-cost, Non-vacuum Processing, and key words: Gallium arsenide, Photovoltaic systems, Photovoltaic cells, Zinc, Surface resistance, Renewable energy sources, Passivation. Abstract: We report advances in low-cost GaAs photovoltaic device processing. First, we developed an open-tube zinc diffusion technique for forming p-type layers with sheet resistance less than 100 ohms per square on GaAs and InP. Second, we use this technique along with chemical surface passivation to fabricate GaAs solar cells that, uncertified, achieve Voc = 964 mV Voc, FF = 82% FF, Jsc, = 29.8 mAcm-2 Jsc, and 23.5% efficiency. Third, we discovered GaAs cells with long hole diffusion length can be made byfabricated from wafers growing obtained from GaAs ingots grown in a part of the phase diagram thate minimizes the EL2 defect. Fourth, we show an in-air, precious metal-free process for making ohmic contacts to n-type GaAs. |
16,155 | Please write an abstract with title: Adaptive QoS routing based on prediction of local performance in ad hoc networks, and key words: Routing, Intelligent networks, Ad hoc networks, Information management, Computer science, State estimation, Monitoring, Computational modeling, Sun, Telecommunication traffic. Abstract: We propose an adaptive QoS routing scheme based on the prediction of the local performance in ad hoc networks. It is implemented by a link performance prediction strategy. Integrated QoS performance in each local area is estimated based on translating the effects of the lower layer parameters into the link state information. Corresponding to the prediction approach, several mechanisms are built to complete the location information management process (i.e., information monitoring, collecting and updating functions). The node movement is characterized by the probabilities of the link state and the prediction of local QoS performance. The QoS routing proposed is adaptive to its node's mobility, and also scalable due to the distributed structure. Theoretical computation and simulation results are presented and discussed. |
16,156 | Please write an abstract with title: Gate drive techniques of Gate-connected Trench Field Plate Power MOSFETs to reduce both switching and conduction losses, and key words: Resistors, MOSFET, Simulation, Switches, Logic gates, Gate drivers, Topology. Abstract: We proposed new gate drive techniques of Gate-connected Trench Field Plate (Gate FP) Power MOSFETs. Compared with a Source-connected Trench Field Plate (Source FP) device, the Gate FP is hardly used for high speed switching applications because large feedback capacitance (Crss) prevents high speed Turn-ON / OFF and causes shoot-through. We propose gate driving method which realizes pseudo independent Gate and FP driving by using a conventional gate driver with small number of additional components. The concept was verified by TCAD mixed-mode simulation. The results demonstrated the proposed method showed almost as the same switching performance as the Source FP and suppressed shoot-through successfully. |
16,157 | Please write an abstract with title: Hybrid compensation topology for constant current/voltage charging mode of EV wireless chargers, and key words: Inductive charging, RLC circuits, Switches, DC-DC power converters, Control systems, Hybrid power systems, Topology. Abstract: This paper proposes a hybrid compensation topology aiming to realize constant current (CC) and constant voltage (CV) charging mode for magnetic coupling resonance wireless power transmission (WPT) technology. This charging mode is designed to charge a load (battery used for electric vehicles) intelligent, stably and efficiently. This study develops WPT systems with LCC-S and LCC-LCC compensations. According to the voltage and current state of the battery, this hybrid compensation topology realizes the switching of the receiver topology, so as to realize the intelligent charging with CC and CV. |
16,158 | Please write an abstract with title: An Autonomous Acoustic Positioning System for Divers, and key words: Transponders, Navigation, Computer displays, Switches, Circuit testing, Calibration, Transceivers, Liquid crystal displays, Technological innovation, Contracts. Abstract: A diver carried acoustic navigation system has been developed to enable divers to follow predetermined survey lines during search operations. The system includes a backpack containing a computer and an acoustic transceiver as well as an arm mounted, backlit LCD display and switch. The system is capable of both active and passive acoustic navigation using standard transponders and beacons, respectively. Prior to a dive mission, predetermined survey lines, transponder array data and other mission data are loaded into the backpack computer. During the mission, the diver's entire course as well as the location of diver identified objects are recorded in computer memory for subsequent retrieval and playback. Capability is also included for coded two way communications between the diver and a support vessel. |
16,159 | Please write an abstract with title: Multiparty Multiobjective Optimization By MOEA/D, and key words: Evolutionary computation, Benchmark testing, Optimization, Sorting, Genetic algorithms. Abstract: As a special class of multiobjective optimization problems (MOPs), multiparty multiobjective optimization prob-lems (MPMOPs) widely exist in real-world applications. In MPMOPs, there are multiple decision makers (DMs) concerning multiple different conflicting objectives. The goal of solving MPMOPs is to catch the best solutions satisfying all DMs as far as possible. To our best knowledge, there is little attention on solving MPMOPs, and only two optimization algorithms, i.e., OptMPNDS and OptMPNDS2, are proposed. These two algorithms are both based on non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II). However, there is no algorithm pro-posed from the decomposition perspective to solve MPMOPs. Multiobjective evolutionary algorithm based on decomposition (MOEA/D) is a popular multiobjective evolutionary optimization algorithm for MOPs. In this paper, we embed the party-by-party strategy into MOEA/D and propose the novel optimization algorithm MOEA/D-MP to solve MPMOPs. The experimental results on the benchmarks have demonstrated the effectiveness of MOEA/D-MP. |
16,160 | Please write an abstract with title: Provisions for High Frequency Future Use, and key words: Frequency, Radio broadcasting, Proposals, Hafnium, Circuits, Satellite broadcasting, FCC, Helium, Wideband, Military satellites. Abstract: An area of widespread interest at the 1979 World Administrative Radio Conference (WARC-79) was concerned with allocation proposals related to the modification of the high-frequency (HF) (4-27.5 MHz) portion of the spectrum. From a wide range of proposals, the Conference adopted allocation provisions that reduced the exclusive fixed-service bands by two-thirds, made significant allocations to the broadcasting and maritime-mobile services, and provided somewhat lesser spectrum provisions for the amateur service. Shared use of fixed bands by the mobile service was greatly increased. Few changes were made to aeronautical service allocations. Provisions were planned to remove an unused fixed-service assignment from the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) Master Frequency Register, and to provide special assistance to Less Developed Countries (LDC's) to enable them to better meet their fixed requirements. A conservative schedule of changes, through 1994, was adopted, including several specialized planning conferences to assist in optimizing the use of HF bands. With continued national needs and improved technology being developed and adopted by the ITU member countries, systems in all authorized HF services will be widely used to meet requirements of the world community for a long time to come. |
16,161 | Please write an abstract with title: Impact of Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality in the Transformation of Virtual Customer Relationship Management Sector, and key words: Deep learning, Systematics, Shape, Conferences, Customer relationship management, Transforms, Production. Abstract: The integration of virtual reality and artificial intelligence into the business environment takes human-machine interaction to an advanced level. The inception of these technologies along with deep learning approaches has transformed the business environment completely, especially customer relationship management. Additionally, augmented reality has changed the business production environment with interactive designs and machines learning approaches. Augmented reality is expected to grow by $814.7B in 2025 which will bring a huge transformation in the businesses. Though leveraging technologies have been introduced to transform customer experience, with an ever-accelerating tidal wave of advancing technology, the adoption rate of these technologies in business is not satisfactory. This is because of unawareness of the experience transformation rate of augmented reality on business. Many applications related to Artificial Intelligence and Virtual Reality experience were found but no success rate was observed because of unfamiliarity with the key features to the technology. There is a need to introduce the power of technology by engaging with it. A systematic approach to identify the key aspects of augmented reality and virtual reality for the successful adoption of business in customer relationship management sector has been used for the present study. A case study of Amazon is considered to analyze the impact of the implementation of Virtual Reality on product sales. |
16,162 | Please write an abstract with title: Synthetic aperture technique for echographic focusing based on pulse compression, and key words: Pulse compression methods, Focusing, Ultrasonic imaging, Probes, Chirp, Synthetic aperture radar, Radio frequency, Image resolution, Frequency domain analysis, Signal resolution. Abstract: We tackle the problem of applying to echographic imaging those frequency domain synthetic aperture focusing techniques (SAFT) commonly used in the field of synthetic aperture radars (SAR). The aim of this research is to improve echographic image resolution by using chirp transmit signals, and by performing pulse compression in both dimensions (depth and lateral). |
16,163 | Please write an abstract with title: Over 10 Gbps/ch compact active interposer module for high-speed and high-density chip level optical interconnects, and key words: Optical interconnections, Optical transmitters, Optical receivers, Optical waveguides, Prototypes, High speed optical techniques, Optical fiber couplers, Optical fiber devices, Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, Flip chip. Abstract: This paper presents prototype demonstration of the fabricated active interposer module. The fabricated active interposer is composed of 32 ch transmitter and 32 ch receiver, built on a compact interposer substrate, each of them alternately arranged eight by eight channels with an optical I/O port having a pigtail ribbon fiber. The transmitter unit is comprised of a pair of 4 ch VCSEL array flip chip bonded onto a waveguide coupler of the I/O port and a pair of 4 ch driver IC mounted on the interposer substrate. The receiver unit is similarly constructed. This device has potential application to future high performance chip level optical interconnects over 10 Gbps/ch. |
16,164 | Please write an abstract with title: Incorporation of a Viscosity-based Model in Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis for SPM, and key words: Viscosity, Analytical models, Computational modeling, Magnetization, Tools, Magnetic hysteresis, Iron. Abstract: A magnetodynamic vector hysteresis model that is based on viscosity notion has been proposed, developed and applied for the prediction of magnetization curves and loop shapes in a surface permanent magnet (SPM) machine. The proposed model has been implemented into a numerical program based on finite element method. The used model is based on three magnetic field strength components which are responsible for engendering iron losses including hysteresis, classical and excess losses. The magnetic field component which presents hysteresis losses is determined using a static hysteresis model. Profound simulations have been performed to model dynamic B-H loops in the studied machine. The obtained results prove the efficiency, stability and generality of the proposed model for the evaluation of magnetization behavior in electrical machines even under distorted flux patterns. |
16,165 | Please write an abstract with title: Time-domain reflective beam propagation method, and key words: Time domain analysis, Optical propagation, Optical reflection, Optical waveguides, Waveguide discontinuities, Finite difference methods, Optical pulses, Computational modeling, Frequency, Gratings. Abstract: A time-domain reflective beam propagation method (TD-RBPM) is presented for the analysis of optical pulse propagation and reflection in waveguide structures with multiple discontinuities. By utilizing an implicit scheme, the method allows relatively large time steps and, therefore, is highly efficient. The accuracy of the method is verified by simulating a time-domain Gaussian pulse reflected and transmitted from a multiple period grating and a four-layer antireflection coating structure. |
16,166 | Please write an abstract with title: A Bibliometrics-Based Systematic Review on Automated Essay Scoring in Education, and key words: Deep learning, Visualization, Systematics, Education, Transfer learning, Bibliometrics, Production. Abstract: Advances in information technology and computer science have brought significant changes to various sectors of human life. In education, computers have helped ease a variety of human tasks, especially for large-scale and repetitive tasks such as essay grading. Current's computer capabilities make it possible to do essay scoring automatically. Research related to automatic essay scoring continues to develop by trying certain techniques and methods to improve the accuracy of automatic scoring close to that of human scoring. This systematic review aims to explore the 21st century applications of automated essay grading used in education. We carried out a bibliometric analysis of the meta data obtained from the SCOPUS database using the Bibliometrix and VOSviewer software reporting the main themes of implementing automated essay scoring applications in educational studies, providing an overview of the current state of the art and future directions of research and applications. Based on bibliometric analysis, we found that research related to automatic essay assessment in education has a fluctuating development trend and the current direction of AES research has used deep learning techniques such as long short-term memory, transfer learning and bert to build a better AES. |
16,167 | Please write an abstract with title: UAV Photogrammetry-based Mapping of the Pocket Beaches of Isola Bella Bay, Taormina (Eastern Sicily), and key words: Visualization, Solid modeling, Three-dimensional displays, Computational modeling, Lead, Feature extraction, Spatial resolution. Abstract: Pocket Beach (PB) planview geometry analysis is one of the most important steps needed for PB characterization and dynamic evaluation. With modern technology, quantitative morphology of a PB can be obtained with a high degree of confidence. In this paper we used Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) photogrammetry-based mapping technology combining drone and Global Positioning System (GPS) for 2D and 3D models’ reconstruction of Isola Bella bay PBs located along the coast of the town of Taormina (eastern Sicily). The aim of this paper is to show how very high spatial resolution data can be obtained and analyzed for the retrieval of geomorphological features and geometric parameters of PBs. A computer-assisted visual interpretation approach was adopted to manually digitize, delineate and extract the planform characteristics of the PB. The planview geometry analysis was conducted on orthophotos and digital surface models of 1.81 cm and 1.69 cm spatial resolutions, acquired during two flight surveys. The mapping approach adopted in this paper shows that information on planform geometry of PBs can be obtained faster using modern remote sensing technologies allowing time series analysis of planview parameters. |
16,168 | Please write an abstract with title: Passive nonlinear technique to mode-lock, stabilize and ensure bi-directionality in a solid state ring laser, and key words: Bidirectional control, Solid state circuits, Laser mode locking, Laser stability, Ring lasers, Solid lasers, Gallium arsenide, Lenses, Quantum well lasers, Quantum well devices. Abstract: Summary form only given. We present a solution that ensures bi-directional cw mode-locked (CWML) operation, combining saturable absorbers with an energy limiter. Multiple quantum wells (MQW) grown on bulk GaAs are inserted in the cavity between two f = 22.91 mm lenses. Bi-directional operation is preferred since the quantum well saturation energy in a standing wave is effectively 1/4 of that for a travelling wave. The two-photon-induced carriers in GaAs create a negative lens, leading to beam magnification. The slit at that position acts as an energy limiter, suppressing Q-switched operation, provided the GaAs is properly positioned. |
16,169 | Please write an abstract with title: Monetizing Edge Service in Mobile Internet Ecosystem, and key words: Internet, Ecosystems, Edge computing, Task analysis, Wireless communication, Servers, Pricing. Abstract: In mobile Internet ecosystem, mobile users (MUs) purchase wireless data services from Internet service provider (ISP) to access to Internet and acquire the interested content services (e.g., online game) from Content Provider (CP). The popularity of intelligent functions (e.g., AI and 3D modeling) increases the computation-intensity of the content services, leading to a growing computation pressure for the MUs’ resource-limited devices. To this end, <i>edge computing service</i> is emerging as a promising approach to alleviate the MUs’ computation pressure while keeping their quality-of-service, via offloading some computation tasks of MUs to edge (computing) servers deployed at the local network edge. Thus, edge service provider (ESP), who deploys the edge servers and offers the edge computing service, becomes an upcoming new stakeholder in the ecosystem. In this work, we study the economic interactions of MUs, ISP, CP, and ESP in the new ecosystem with edge computing service, where MUs can acquire the computation-intensive content services (offered by CP) and offload some computation tasks, together with the necessary raw input data, to edge servers (deployed by ESP) through ISP. We first study the MU's Joint Content Acquisition and Task Offloading (J-CATO) problem, which aims to maximize his long-term payoff. We derive the <i>off-line</i> solution with crucial insights, based on which we design an <i>online</i> strategy with provable performance. Then, we study the ESP's edge service monetization problem. We propose a pricing policy that can achieve a <i>constant fraction</i> of the ex post optimal revenue with an extra <i>constant loss</i> for the ESP. Numerical results show that the edge computing service can stimulate the MUs’ content acquisition and improve the payoffs of MUs, ISP, and CP. |
16,170 | Please write an abstract with title: An Exhaustive Comparative Analytical Study of 15 Machine Learning Models For Automated Cardiovascular Disease Classification, and key words: Analytical models, Obesity, Protocols, Computational modeling, Machine learning, Predictive models, Data models. Abstract: Cardiovascular diseases are increasingly becoming a silent killer with over 17.9 million deaths annually due to ischaemic heart disease and strokes. Additionally, that number is set to rise at a rapid pace as obesity rates and unhealthy eating habits increase worldwide. Cardiovascular diseases are quite well hidden among individuals and mostly remain undetected until they strike, with a high fatality rate. An active testing protocol must be established to ensure that all such problems are detected and mitigated at an earlier stage in order to improve the quality of life and life expectancy of individuals suffering from cardiovascular diseases.This generates a large patient dataset, and to accurately prepare models to handle the automated detection, they have to be trained on an existing data set which was chosen to a combination of 4 existing data sets from the USA, Hungary, and Switzerland, where each has 13 features and 1 target class which needs to be accurately analyzed and predicted to ensure that large scale checkups can occur without burdening the healthcare system. In the present study, the authors have worked to perform a series of exploratory data analysis, and base line predictions via 15 varying Machine Learning models to understand the type of models that perform better and can be utilized for further optimization. |
16,171 | Please write an abstract with title: Two Novel Deep Learning Models for Short-term Forecasting of Solar Radiation Using Meteorological Variables, and key words: Deep learning, Radiation effects, Neural networks, Predictive models, Data models, Solar radiation, Task analysis. Abstract: In addition to machine learning methods, deep learning is increasingly being used for solar radiation prediction. In this study, two new deep learning models with attention mechanisms are proposed, and the influence of the temporal representation on the short-term results is evaluated. To address this question, the two networks were trained on an irradiation dataset from a network of 80 meteorological stations in Galicia, Spain, with different representation intervals being simulated. The results show that, although the proposed models achieve better results in comparison to other popular models trained for the same task, the transformation performed on the data degrades the prediction ability of the models as the representation interval increases. |
16,172 | Please write an abstract with title: Investment Planning Template, and key words: Investment, Stakeholders, Planning, Philosophical considerations, Maintenance engineering, Tires, Safety. Abstract: This chapter utilizes an example based on the truck fleet management system. The objective of the Investment is to reduce fleet operational costs. A first reaction to this planning template may be that it conflicts with the Agile philosophy of less planning time to get something out there more quickly, like the philosophy of Lean Canvas. The proxy business case requires an analysis of the operational cost components of customers. Stakeholder analysis should have been completed before starting the Investment template. Feature list comparisons have traditionally been used to benchmark the competition. An acceptance test plan is included to show how the Investment team will verify that the Investment has met its objectives. The Investment team will have flexibility to decide on features that contribute directly to income projections. A basic Go‐to‐Market can provide insight into pricing as well as other capabilities Investment needs to include. |
16,173 | Please write an abstract with title: MStereoNet: A Lightweight Stereo Matching Network Using MobileNet, and key words: Computers, Performance evaluation, Deep learning, Solid modeling, Job shop scheduling, Processor scheduling, Computational modeling. Abstract: Deep learning model-based approaches to stereo matching challenges are more accurate than conventional feature-based techniques created by hand. This leads to the issue that deploying applications on devices with restricted resources is not friendly to employing complicated networks and total cost space to increase performance. To minimize processing effort without sacrificing matching accuracy, we propose MStereoNet in this study, a more effective stereo network. It has been demonstrated experimentally that the network in this research significantly lowers the requirement for computing power. The network in this article also employs a multiscale loss to enhance the reliability of the detail. The approach in this study delivers a performance comparable to the best existing algorithms in the Sceneflow dataset when compared to other low-cost dense stereo depth estimation techniques. Research demonstrates that the network suggested in this study can reduce up to 72.5% and 87% of the parameters and operations than the largest volume of the methods involved in the comparison. Our network also marginally outperforms other lightweight binocular matching networks in terms of accuracy. |
16,174 | Please write an abstract with title: An accurate analysis of scalar quantization-based data hiding, and key words: Data encapsulation, Spread spectrum communication, Watermarking, Quantization, Performance analysis, Statistical analysis, Probability, AWGN, Signal analysis, Bit error rate. Abstract: This paper comes to fill a gap in watermarking theory, analyzing the exact performance of the scalar Costa scheme (SCS) facing additive Gaussian attacks when the usual approximation of high-resolution quantization is not valid, thus taking into account the host statistics. The analysis is focused on the assessment of the probability of error, showing new results, an although it is valid in a general scenario, its practical interest is increased when SCS is used in conjunction with the so-called spread-transform. The accomplished reformulation of the problem also permits to show that the achievable rate of SCS is never worse than that of classical spread-spectrum-based methods, as it was thought so far, and allows to establish interesting links with spread spectrum and the Improved Spread Spectrum method. |
16,175 | Please write an abstract with title: A study on cyclone induced productivity in South-Western Bay of Bengal during November-December 2000 using MODIS data products, and key words: Productivity, MODIS, Sea measurements, Sea surface, Oceans, Tropical cyclones, Rivers, Hazards, Belts, Springs. Abstract: The Bay of Bengal is a semi-enclosed tropical ocean basin that is highly influenced by monsoonal winds and receives large volumes of fresh water from both river discharges and rainfall. Tropical cyclones are a major hazard in coastal regions, both in terms of loss of life and economic damage. The extensive coastal belt of India is very vulnerable to these tropical cyclones. Such cyclones originate in the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea during the spring (April-May) and fall (October-November). The surface circulation in the Bay of Bengal undergoes seasonal reversal and forced by remote effects from the equatorial Indian Ocean in addition to monsoon winds and fresh water inputs. These circulation features had a strong influence on the primary' productivity of the Bay of Bengal. Coastal upwelling along the southern part of the west coast of India turns the coastal waters into a region of high biological productivity. The open ocean upwelling, wind driven mixing and lateral advection makes the open ocean waters of the central Arabian Sea more productive (Prasanna Kumar et al. 2001). Kumar, P et al., (2002) reviewed the reasons for less production in the Bay of Bengal compared to Arabian Sea and attributed to the presence of strong stratified surface layer, warmer SST and weak winds. The weaker winds over the Bay are unable to erode the strong stratified surface layer, there by restricting the turbulent wind driven vertical mixing. This inhibits the injection of nutrients from below mixed layer to surface layer. The storm surge activity in the Bay of Bengal is one of the mechanism for the nutrient pulsing into the well-lit surface layer, when the observed patches of high chlorophyll and productivity in coastal regions of the Bay do not bear any obvious relation to the upwelling. Also the presence of gyres and physical processes leads to high chlorophyll in the western Bay of Bengal (Gomes et al. 2000) |
16,176 | Please write an abstract with title: Analysis of Accurate Focal Points and Automatic Method of Digital Holographic Microscopy (DHM) for Obtaining an Accurate 3D Profile, and key words: Digital holographic microscopy, Depth of field, Noise map. Abstract: Currently, Digital Holographic Microscopy(DHM) is used for researching disease diagnosis or microbes. It cannot obtain the correct three-dimensional (3D) profile for a little noise because biological cells are microscopic. Then we need images of the focal point of DHM for reducing noise. However, in DHM, the depth of field becomes smaller influenced by the objective lens. In addition, focusing to obtain hologram images of biological cells in conventional DHM systems is entirely manual, because the decision of the focal point is made by the photographer's senses, which makes it even more difficult to focus on the object. These factors make it difficult for the conventional DHM system to acquire images of the focal points. Therefore, in this paper, we propose the analysis of accurate focusing points using a noise map. This eliminates the illusion or misperception that is a drawback of the manual. We improved an accurate 3D profile. 3D profiles were created at the focal point by the proposed method and at the positions before and after the focal points, and evaluated for SNR. From this, the proposed method can be used to analyze biological cells and microstructures. |
16,177 | Please write an abstract with title: Instantaneous Priority Multiplexing of Gray Pictures, and key words: Switches, Sampling methods, Multiplexing, Displays, Communication switching, Speech, Telephony, Pulse modulation, Communication system control, Image communication. Abstract: In a multichannel picture transmission system data rate reduction can be achieved by multiplexing. The multiplexer essentially consists of a switch which interconnects a particular scanner to the transmission channel. The position of the switch is controlled by features such as significant changes derived from the pictures to be transmitted. Economy seems favorable due to the sharing of most of the equipment. |
16,178 | Please write an abstract with title: On the Vlasov-Maxwell Equations, and key words: Maxwell equations, Distribution functions, Lorentz covariance, Dispersion, Optimal control, Magnetic fields, Acceleration, Integral equations, Cybernetics, Particle beams. Abstract: There are many interesting physical questions based on the solution to Vlasov – Maxwell equations (VME). However, a solving procedure turns out to be very difficult and hard. But it is often preferable, on physical ground, to a common point of view. Such point of view maybe a structure of some solution. We define and discuss the notation of structure for the distribution function and prove, the strucrure of the Lorentz force represent the structure of the one. At the time of the discovery of the integrable systems the question of VME integrability had been considered. Moreover, as an example, we consider, in the framework of this approach, the relation of integrability and dispersion with a spectra of a Vlasov operator. |
16,179 | Please write an abstract with title: PWA-CTM: An Extended Cell-Transmission Model based on Piecewise Affine Approximation of the Fundamental Diagram, and key words: Road transportation, Automation, Computational modeling, Simulation, Traffic control, Real-time systems, Optimization. Abstract: Throughout the past decades, many different versions of the widely used first-order Cell-Transmission Model (CTM) have been proposed for optimal traffic control. Highway traffic management techniques such as Ramp Metering (RM) are typically designed based on an optimization problem with nonlinear constraints originating in the flow-density relation of the Fundamental Diagram (FD). Most of the extended CTM versions are based on the trapezoidal approximation of the flow-density relation of the Fundamental Diagram (FD) in an attempt to simplify the optimization problem. However, this relation is naturally nonlinear, and crude approximations can greatly impact the efficiency of the optimization solution. In this study, we propose a class of extended CTMs that are based on piecewise affine approximations of the flow-density relation such that (a) the integrated squared error with respect to the true relation is greatly reduced in comparison to the trapezoidal approximation, and (b) the optimization problem remains tractable for real-time application of ramp metering optimal controllers. A two-step identification method is used to approximate the FD with piecewise affine functions resulting in what we refer to as PWA-CTMs. The proposed models are evaluated by the performance of the optimal ramp metering controllers, e.g. using the widely used PI-ALINEA approach, in complex highway traffic networks. Simulation results show that the optimization problems based on the PWA-CTMs require less computation time compared to other CTM extensions while achieving higher accuracy of the flow and density evolution. Hence, the proposed PWA-CTMs constitute one of the best approximation approaches for first-order traffic flow models that can be used in more general and challenging modeling and control applications. |
16,180 | Please write an abstract with title: The Role of Vehicle to Grid Technology for Enhancing Power Distribution System Flexibility, and key words: Vehicle-to-grid, Renewable energy sources, Stochastic processes, Power grids, Stability analysis, Regulation, Voltage control. Abstract: As the amount of circulating electric vehicles increases worldwide, new challenges and opportunities to coordinate them with the power grid emerge. At the same time, power grids are undergoing an unprecedented evolution towards distributed, renewable energy based electric energy production, opposed to the conventional centralized, thermal power plants based one. A smooth transition requires a set of flexibility sources to mitigate the stability and balancing issues emerging in the process. Electric vehicles can be an invaluable source of flexibility, through the Vehicle to Grid (V2G) paradigm, which consists in the bidirectional energy exchange with the grid. This paper reviews the recent literature on the topic and analyzes the main flexibility services which electrical vehicles can provide through V2G. |
16,181 | Please write an abstract with title: A Multilevel Edge Computing Architecture and Edge Generation Method of Distribution Networks, and key words: Image edge detection, Distribution networks, Computer architecture, Power systems, Internet of Things, State estimation, Edge computing. Abstract: With the development of ubiquitous power Internet of things in the power system, in order to satisfy the intelligent and refined requirements of management in distribution networks and alleviate the increased communication and calculation burden of master stations, a multilevel edge computing architecture and edge generation method of distribution networks are proposed. First, a multilevel edge computing architecture of distribution networks based on edge computing and hierarchical distributed control is proposed. Then, the principles of edge generation are explained from three aspects: size, communication burden, and autonomous ability. Finally, based on community detection, a distribution network is abstracted into a weighted undirected graph model and divided into edges by the Louvain algorithm. The case analysis shows the validity and rationality of the proposed edge generation method. |
16,182 | Please write an abstract with title: A 256-channel digital switch module IC, and key words: Switches, Digital integrated circuits, Speech, Phase change materials, Clocks, Read-write memory, Decoding, Voltage, Silicon, Large scale integration. Abstract: A 256-channel non-blocking digital crosspoint for use in 32- channel 2.048MHz PCM systems will be described. Utilizing 5μ N-channel silicon-gate technology and incorporating 4Kb DRAM, the LSI chip has a power consumption of 200mW. |
16,183 | Please write an abstract with title: Consensus Based Distributed Sparse Bayesian Learning by Fast Marginal Likelihood Maximization, and key words: Signal processing algorithms, Optimization, Bayes methods, Estimation, Robot sensing systems, Convergence, Convex functions. Abstract: For swarm systems, distributed processing is of paramount importance and Bayesian methods are preferred for their robustness. Existing distributed sparse Bayesian learning (SBL) methods rely on the automatic relevance determination (ARD), which involves a computationally complex reweighted l1-norm optimization, or they use loopy belief propagation, which is not guaranteed to converge. Hence, this paper looks into the fast marginal likelihood maximization (FMLM) method to develop a faster distributed SBL version. The proposed method has a low communication overhead, and can be distributed by simple consensus methods. The performed simulations indicate a better performance compared with the distributed ARD version, yet the same performance as the FMLM. |
16,184 | Please write an abstract with title: Auto Encoding Explanatory Examples with Stochastic Paths, and key words: Interpolation, Semantics, Decision making, Stochastic processes, Focusing, Encoding, Pattern recognition. Abstract: In this paper we ask for the main factors that determine a classifier's decision making process and uncover such factors by studying latent codes produced by auto-encoding frameworks. To deliver an explanation of a classifier's behaviour, we propose a method that provides series of examples highlighting semantic differences between the classifier's decisions. These examples are generated through interpolations in latent space. We introduce and formalize the notion of a semantic stochastic path, as a suitable stochastic process defined in feature (data) space via latent code interpolations. We then introduce the concept of semantic Lagrangians as a way to incorporate the desired classifier's behaviour and find that the solution of the associated variational problem allows for highlighting differences in the classifier decision. Very importantly, within our framework the classifier is used as a black-box, and only its evaluation is required. |
16,185 | Please write an abstract with title: Hands-Free Human–Robot Interaction Using Multimodal Gestures and Deep Learning in Wearable Mixed Reality, and key words: Robots, Task analysis, Three-dimensional displays, Virtual reality, Service robots, Object detection, Deep learning. Abstract: This study proposes a novel hands-free interaction method using multimodal gestures such as eye gazing and head gestures and deep learning for human-robot interaction (HRI) in mixed reality (MR) environments. Since human operators hold some objects for conducting tasks, there are many constrained situations where they cannot use their hands for HRI interactions. To provide more effective and intuitive task assistance, the proposed hands-free method supports coarse-to-fine interactions. Eye gazing-based interaction is used for coarse interactions such as searching and previewing of target objects, and head gesture interactions are used for fine interactions such as selection and 3D manipulation. In addition, deep learning-based object detection is applied to estimate the initial positioning of physical objects to be manipulated by the robot. The result of object detection is then combined with 3D spatial mapping in the MR environment for supporting accurate initial object positioning. Furthermore, virtual object-based indirect manipulation is proposed to support more intuitive and efficient control of the robot, compared with traditional direct manipulation (e.g., joint-based and end effector-based manipulations). In particular, a digital twin, the synchronized virtual robot of the real robot, is used to provide a preview and simulation of the real robot to manipulate it more effectively and accurately. Two case studies were conducted to confirm the originality and advantages of the proposed hands-free HRI: (1) performance evaluation of initial object positioning and (2) comparative analysis with traditional direct robot manipulations. The deep learning-based initial positioning reduces much effort for robot manipulation using eye gazing and head gestures. The object-based indirect manipulation also supports more effective HRI than previous direct interaction methods. |
16,186 | Please write an abstract with title: A Model of Chinese Named Entity Recognition in the Field of Oil and Gas Exploration Using Domain Dictionary, and key words: Dictionaries, Oils, Neural networks, Education, Data models, Labeling, Task analysis. Abstract: In view of the scarcity of labeled data in the task of Chinese named entity recognition in the field of oil and gas exploration, the large number of entity types and the difficulty of pre-defining, and the problem of entity combination and nesting in many domain entities, this paper proposes a model of Chinese named entity recognition in the field of oil and gas exploration using domain dictionary (OGDNER) which uses the domain dictionary to match domain documents, and designs a boundary correction algorithm to reduce noises generated in the dictionary matching process. In addition, the “Break-Tie” labeling mode is proposed as well as the input of the neural network is optimized to improve the effect of model. Finally, the effectiveness of the model is verified by comparing it with other models on the data set of oil and gas exploration. |
16,187 | Please write an abstract with title: VETO - enabling a P2P-based market for composed services, and key words: Pricing, Peer to peer computing, IP networks, Service oriented architecture, Oligopoly, Protocols, Scalability, Procurement, Robustness, Semantic Web. Abstract: Service-oriented peer-to-peer architectures combine the benefits of service-oriented architectures and peer-to-peer networks, such as loose coupling and sealability. They also support service composition, the combining of existing services into new ones. Until now, only composition service strategies for a single peer acting as a service composer have been investigated. Therefore, this paper investigates the market for composed services. It is shown that this market forms an oligopoly and, thus, requires incentive-compatible service pricing. In consequence, the vickrey procurement auction VETO has been developed determining the pricing mechanism in a fully distributed manner. It is proven that VETO is incentive-compatible and maximizes the market's welfare. Furthermore, the VETO protocol is specified and it is shown that this protocol prevents collusion within the auction. Still, VETO upholds the peer-to-peer paradigm by only relying on the peers which are taking part in the auction, no additional trusted entities or super-peers are required |
16,188 | Please write an abstract with title: Visualizing interdisciplinary citations to and from information and library science publications, and key words: Libraries, Information science, Computer science, Computer science education, Psychology, Information analysis, Data visualization, Art, Analysis of variance, Automatic testing. Abstract: Empirical investigations of citations to and from 150 journal articles published in the field of Information and Library Science (ILS) has enabled cross-mapping of the interdisciplinary evolution of the field. The publications were randomly drawn in six years between 1975 and 2000, with 25 articles each from the selected years. ANOVA tests reveal that although raw counts of self- and extradisciplinary-citations are not significantly different by year, they are different depending on whether it is from or to ILS. Nearly 30 disciplines hold mutual citations with ILS, and Computer Science, Communication, Management Science, Education, and Psychology are among those highly impact disciplines. Visualization further depicts the clustering of the citing and cited disciplines. In general out-degree citations contain richer set of nodes than those of in-degree, but overall, the mapping of the interdisciplinary scope of the ILS field provides convincing evidence for the interdisciplinary nature of Library and Information Science. |
16,189 | Please write an abstract with title: An Effective Copyright Management Principle using Intelligent Wavelet Transformation based Water marking Scheme, and key words: Privacy, Image processing, Digital images, Watermarking, Copyright protection, Trademarks. Abstract: Digital Image Processing technology provides lots of benefits to commercial and non-commercial organizations to process the image according to their needs. This paper provides a logical protection to the image by means of adding a watermarking content into it. Watermarking is a technique that embeds sensitive records into covered material to establish copyright. Infringement of copyright is a driving force behind the development of new cryptographic techniques. Digital-Image Watermarking is one such method and the proposed research effort will concentrate on the details of computerized image watermarking approaches and their implementations in a variety of disciplines. The notion of privacy preservation with respect to watermarking, its goal, methodology and forms of watermarking threats as well as its implications in image processing technique will be discussed in clear manner with this paper. Watermarking is used to protect researchers' materials as well as to conceal details within a pattern that is harder to identify by unauthorized individuals. A digital watermark is a sequence of information inserted in a data-frame that provides characteristics like as trademark protection and copyright security. In this paper, logic of watermarking is proposed by means of introducing a new approach called Intelligent Wavelet Transformation (IWT), in which it is derived by means of conventional Digital-Wavelet-Transform (DWT) method. The resulting section provides the proper proof of proposed approach efficiency and security in clear manner with proper specifications. |
16,190 | Please write an abstract with title: Research and Comparative Analysis of the Dual Pair of the E<inf>2</inf>/M/1 and M/E<inf>2</inf>/1 Systems, and key words: Computational modeling, Integral equations, Transforms, Jitter, Delays, Telecommunications, Random variables. Abstract: Queueing theory is widely used in many branches of science and technology: in modeling active network equipment in telecommunications, to assess performance indicators of computer networks, to model traffic flows, in logistics problems, and much more. An alternative section of mathematical modelling - simulation modelling is also based on modelling the operation of queuing systems. In turn, in the theory of queueing, many results are obtained using the method of spectral expansion of the solution of the Lindley integral equation for a particular system. The paper proposes results on two dual queuing systems (QS) with general second-order Erlangian input distributions for which the author did not find information in the scientific literature. Thus, the paper presents spectral decompositions and formulas obtained on their basis for the main characteristic of the QS-average delay of incoming requests in the queue. The systems under consideration refer to systems of the G/M/1 and M/G/1 types, respectively. The obtained results of computational experiments indicate a significant difference between these systems and thus confirm the general theory of queueing. The adequacy of the obtained mathematical models is based on the correct use of the apparatus of the spectral decomposition method. |
16,191 | Please write an abstract with title: Intelligent robotic control, and key words: Intelligent robots, Intelligent control, Robot control, Optimal control, Hardware, Robot kinematics, Computer architecture, Man machine systems, Interactive systems, Decision making. Abstract: A theoretical approach is developed to deal with man-machine interactive systems requiring advanced decision making in unpredictable environments. The hierarchical method consists of a three-layer control of "increasing intelligence and decreasing precision." The lowest level consists of several controllers designed for effective control with existing hardware using an approximation theory of optimal control. The next level is that of a coordinator which utilizes new computer architectures to effectively control the overall hardware system. The highest level is the organizer which supervises the performance of the overall system. Both highest levels are computer implemented and the research involved is in developing the appropriate architecture and software to accommodate others. The lowest level, aimed for end-point control tasks, is dominated by typical hardware control methods. The coexistence of the two approaches makes the method novel. Application of intelligent control techniques to robotics and manipulative systems is considered. |
16,192 | Please write an abstract with title: Compensation Scheme for High Bandwidth LDOs with Large Parasitic ESL, and key words: Capacitors, Regulators, Bandwidth, Transistors, Stability analysis, Resistors, Poles and zeros. Abstract: This paper presents a compensation scheme for an externally compensated low drop-out (LDO) regulator, which has to provide fast high-load currents with low-noise and high-PSRR. The approach overcomes the challenge of the presence of large parasitics (ESR and ESL) when the external capacitor is placed far away from the chip, which is becoming more common in many space constrained electronic modules. The proposed scheme has been validated in a 5V LDO designed in TSMC's 40nm DMOS technology. It delivers 200ns wide 200mA current pulses while maintaining low noise and high PSRR (40dB) up to 1MHz. The LDO is stabilized with an external 2.2 μF capacitor and can accommodate large bonding parasitics (up to 4nH). |
16,193 | Please write an abstract with title: Physical Property Estimation and Knife Trajectory Optimization During Robotic Cutting, and key words: Automation, Friction, Estimation, Robot sensing systems, Force sensors, Trajectory optimization. Abstract: Dexterous robotic cutting needs to demonstrate a skill level with smooth and efficient knife movements. The work performed by the knife mainly generates fracture and overcomes the blade-material friction. This paper presents a recursive least-squares method that repeatedly estimates relevant physical parameters such as Poisson's ratio, fracture toughness, and coefficient of friction, all varying with the knife's movement when cutting a natural food, from force sensor readings. Furthermore, we show that these estimates can be used for generating the knife's trajectory on the fly to either maximize the ease of fracturing or to minimize the rate of work. |
16,194 | Please write an abstract with title: Research on Undersampling Application on Narrowband Antenna in Planner Near-field Measurement, and key words: Antenna measurements, Analytical models, Antenna theory, Computational modeling, Computational electromagnetics, Narrowband. Abstract: Based on Planer near-field translation theory and Nyquisty sampling theory, this paper studies the influence of sampling spacing on the result in planar near-field measurement by means of theoretical analysis and simulation, and acquires some laws and useful results, and proves the applicability and correctness of Nyquisty undersampling method in narrowband antenna measurement. The test efficiency can be effectively improved by increasing sampling spacing. |
16,195 | Please write an abstract with title: DEIS Videotapes, and key words: Insulation, Permanent magnet motors, Power transformer insulation, Epoxy resins, Vacuum arcs, Vacuum technology. Abstract: List of available DEIS Videotapes to Loan. These tapes can be borrowed by academics or industry personnel for just the cost of shipping and insurance. Please contact Rajeswari Sundararajan, at raji@asu.edu . |
16,196 | Please write an abstract with title: B/S Transformation of Power Communication Integrated Network Management System Based on RIA/Flex, and key words: Flexible printed circuits, Business, Graphics, Computer architecture, Springs, Service-oriented architecture, Communication networks. Abstract: In order to adapt for the existing power network management system business application model to the new conditions and to take full advantage of the hardware and software investment on the same time, based on the business logic reuse of the spring/ActiveMQ extension methods under J2EE architecture, we manage to realize browser-interface B/S transformation based on the RIA/Flex demonstration technology for the management system, which improves the maintainability and usefulness of the original function of the system, and provides a useful reference for other systems B/S transformation. |
16,197 | Please write an abstract with title: Boosting stability of electronic multi-gas sensors, and key words: Radio frequency, Resistance, Instruments, Metals, Maintenance engineering, Sensor systems and applications, Stability analysis. Abstract: Conventional electronic gas sensors are designed with a single-output response (e.g. resistance, current). Under variable ambient conditions such sensors suffer from fluctuations (drift) of their response because single-output sensor designs mathematically do not allow for drift correction. We break this status quo by developing a new generation of gas sensors, known as multivariable sensors with several independent responses. Previously, we showed that individual multivariable gas sensors quantify several gases and reject interferences. Here we show that such multivariable gas sensors have the ability for self-correction for sensor drift. Our multivariable gas sensors described here operate in the radio-frequency (RF) portion of the electromagnetic spectrum and utilize dielectric excitation of semiconducting metal oxide materials on the shoulder of their dielectric relaxation peak. We self-correct for the baseline drift by sensor operation at more than one RF frequency. Our approach for the drift self-correction should allow implementations of gas sensors in diverse applications that cannot afford weekly, monthly, or quarterly periodic maintenance, typical of traditional analytical instruments. |
16,198 | Please write an abstract with title: Designing infographics/visual icons of social network by referencing to the design concept of ancient Oracle Bone characters, and key words: Visualization, Social networking (online), Bones, Object recognition. Abstract: This paper introduces the use of pictogram design concept in ancient China for the development of a set of today's "graphic icons" or "infographics" in modern social network visualization systems. These graphic icons should be close to sensory symbols that derive their expressive power from their ability to use the perceptual processing power of the brain without learning. Therefore, with the use of such a set of "sensory symbols" we aim to achieve the identification of corresponding physical objects (or their attributes) to be performed close to the pre-attentive time. |
16,199 | Please write an abstract with title: AiCE: automating horizon scanning for the detection of emerging technologies, and key words: Engines, Tools, Market research, Feature extraction, Taxonomy, Data mining, Computer vision. Abstract: In this paper a tool is presented for the automation of horizon scanning. Horizon scanning is the systematic process of examining the scientific literature to identify opportunities, risks, threats and emerging issues. This tool has been named the Autonomous information Comprehension Engine (AiCE). AiCE has the ability to ingest large quantities of unstructured text based data from a variety of sources, extract a wide variety of features and analyse trends across the corpus of collected source material. AiCE is used to analyse science and technology literature and identify developments which may be of strategic relevance to a specific domain. In this paper AiCE is introduced and its components are outlined. The benefit of the proposed system is demonstrated through a time expenditure study comparing this new system to the traditional manual process of horizon scanning. The proposed system is also demonstrated by analysing literature from the computer vision community to extract relevant research to the natural language processing community. |
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