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20,200 | Please write an abstract with title: Resting State Functional Connectivity Analysis During General Anesthesia: A High-Density EEG Study, and key words: Electroencephalography, Anesthesia, Coherence, Electrodes, Monitoring, Correlation, Biomedical monitoring. Abstract: The depth of anesthesia monitoring is helpful to guide administrations of general anesthetics during surgical procedures,however, the conventional 2-4 channels electroencephalogram (EEG) derived monitors have their limitations in monitoring conscious states due to low spatial resolution and suboptimal algorithm. In this study, 256-channel high-density EEG signals in 24 subjects receiving three types of general anesthetics (propofol, sevoflurane and ketamine) respectively were recorded both before and after anesthesia. The raw EEG signals were preprocessed by EEGLAB 14.0. Functional connectivity (FC) analysis by traditional coherence analysis (CA) method and a novel sparse representation (SR) method. And the network parameters, average clustering coefficient (ACC) and average shortest path length (ASPL) before and after anesthesia were calculated. The results show SR method find more significant FC differences in frontal and occipital cortices, and whole brain network (p<0.05). In contrast, CA can hardly obtain consistent ASPL in the whole brain network (p>0.05). Further, ASPL calculated by SR for whole brain connections in all of three anesthesia groups increased, which can be a unified EEG biomarker of general anesthetics-induced loss of consciousness (LOC). Therefore FC analysis based on SR analysis has better performance in distinguishing anesthetic-induced LOC from awake state. |
20,201 | Please write an abstract with title: A cylindrical array for the TACAN system, and key words: Antenna arrays, Antenna radiation patterns, Azimuth, Apertures, Antenna feeds, Radio frequency, Signal generators, RF signals, Mathematical model, Antenna theory. Abstract: A new cylindrical array has been developed for the TACAN ground antenna application. The technical requirements are unique since the circumferential radiation pattern is quasi-omnidirectional with multiple lobes and must be rotated at a precise rate. This is accomplished by electronically modulating the azimuth aperture distribution. Thus the antenna is a system including a specialized cylindrical array, a modulating RF feed network, and the associated electronic generator providing the required modulation and reference signals. Theoretical and practical design considerations are presented using a mathematical model of the antenna. This model describes the characteristic behavior and actual performance of the cylindrical array. The antenna's physical characteristics and design features are described, and measured array performance is presented in detail and compared to the system requirements. Operational performance data accumulated during actual flight test evaluation is presented briefly. |
20,202 | Please write an abstract with title: Near-Realtime Face Mask Wearing Recognition Based on Deep Learning, and key words: Image recognition, Pandemics, Face recognition, Supervised learning, Neural networks, Skeleton, Convolutional neural networks. Abstract: COVID-19 pandemic has led to serious economic and life losses. Face Masks serve as first infection barrier when used in public spaces. In this paper, we propose a new near-realtime method to automatically recognize face mask wearing that combines human posture recognition with convolutional neural network (CNN). We use the power of human posture recognition to perform background filtering and spatial reduction in the original images. The outcome is then used by a trained CNN model to identify if the subject is wearing a mask. We exploit Openpose to identify the skeleton of human body and locate the facial region thus spatially reducing the area to be processed by the CNN framework. We then adopt supervised learning approach to detect if a face mask is present. The CNN is trained using images, cropped to the supposed face mask covered region. This approach led to a substantial reduction in neural network complexity yet improving the recognition accuracy. The system has been evaluated in a multitude of scenarios using images taken in public places at different time of day and with different angles. Overall, our system achieves a recognition accuracy of 95.8% and 94.6% in daytime and nighttime respectively. |
20,203 | Please write an abstract with title: Ion-selective microelectrode array for intracellular detection on chip, and key words: Electrodes, Sensor arrays, Glass, Silicon, Fabrication, Biomembranes, Actuators, In vitro, Microchannel, Fluorescence. Abstract: The design and fabrication of an Ion-Selective Electrode (ISE) array platform for in-vitro intracellular recording are presented. The platform is composed of two parts: 1) a glass chip with microchannels whose bottom part is patterned with a silver layer and 2) a silicon chip in with an array of 30 /spl mu/m long silicon nitride micropipettes with an inner diameter of 1.7 /spl mu/m long silicon nitride micropipettes with an inner diameter of 1.7 /spl mu/m are structured. The Ca/sup 2+/ selective membrane is based on the neutral carrier ionophore ETH 129. To be compatible with hepatocyte cell cultures the 24 ISEs are arranged in a 2/spl times/8 array with 150 /spl mu/m spacing and four additional electrodes located on both sides of the array at 300 /spl mu/m. |
20,204 | Please write an abstract with title: A queuing theoretic model for IEEE 802.11 DCF using RTS/CTS, and key words: Queueing analysis, Probability, Traffic control, Spread spectrum communication, Statistical analysis, Wireless LAN, Performance analysis, Telecommunication traffic, Ad hoc networks, Steady-state. Abstract: An M/MMG1/1/K queuing model is developed for the analysis of IEEE 802.11 DCF using RTS/CTS. Results are based on arbitrary contention conditions, namely, collision probabilities, transmission probabilities and contention window sizes that vary arbitrarily among nodes contending for channel access. This is fundamentally different from the earlier works. Results are presented for the fully-connected case and validated via simulation with statistical analysis. The main contributions are the analysis of DCF and the foundation for the analysis of multi-hop scenarios. A key element of the model is the effective reduction of the normally encountered complexity by effectively restoring the independence between service times and packet inter-arrivals. |
20,205 | Please write an abstract with title: Robust Hyperspectral Object Tracking by Exploiting Background-Aware Spectral Information With Band Selection Network, and key words: Hyperspectral sensors, Feature extraction, Target tracking, Training, Color, Semantics, Object tracking. Abstract: Deep color trackers mainly use pretrained convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for classification and regression, but it is difficult to discriminate targets in complex backgrounds for its limited spectral information. Compared with color video, hyperspectral videos provide better discriminative ability due to the abundant material-based information. However, it is hard to train a robust deep model for hyperspectral videos. The key issues are that there exists much redundant information in hyperspectral videos and the training samples are inadequate. In this letter, a new background-aware hyperspectral tracking (BAHT) method is designed for hyperspectral tracking task. Our method first designs a background-aware band selection module to preserve bands that can better recognize a target from backgrounds. Then the selected bands are input to the backbone networks, which are pretrained on color videos, to describe the appearances of targets with deep semantic features. Experiments on the hyperspectral video tracking dataset illustrate the good performance of BAHT tracker compared with popular color and hyperspectral trackers. |
20,206 | Please write an abstract with title: Multilevel fault-tolerance for designing dependable wireless networks, and key words: Fault tolerance, Wireless networks, Quality of service, Redundancy, Fault tolerant systems, Availability, Computer networks, Management information systems, Electronic mail, Resource management. Abstract: As wireless networks are increasingly deployed in the enterprise and other environments and such trends are expected to intensify with the emergence of high performance wireless networks, an important and emerging area of research is the dependability of wireless networks. Although, the dependability problem also arises in wireline counterparts, user mobility, location and link dependence, and fault propagation make dependability a challenging task in wireless networks. The main contribution of this paper is to propose a multilevel, fault-tolerant design for the emerging wireless networks. Extensive simulation results show that increased user mobility can be compensated by deploying multi-level redundancy and the performance of wireless link is not critical in the overall availability as long as the link availability stays above a certain threshold. One major contribution of our work is to demonstrate that optimal dependability performance can only be achieved by fault-tolerance at network level. |
20,207 | Please write an abstract with title: High-Precision Medicine Bottles Vision Online Inspection System and Classification Based on Multifeatures and Ensemble Learning via Independence Test, and key words: Inspection, Production, Cameras, Visualization, Lighting, Light sources, Glass. Abstract: To address the problem of online automatic inspection of drug liquid bottles in production line, an implantable visual inspection system is designed and the ensemble learning (EL) algorithm for detection is proposed based on multifeatures. A tunnel structure is designed for visual inspection system, which allows the bottles inspection to be automated without changing original processes and devices. A high-precision method is proposed for vision detection of drug liquid bottles. A local background difference method is utilized as a soft ON–OFF to capture the bottle image. An image gray-level equalization preprocessing technology is used to eliminate the impact from illumination. Three features are designed, which contains blocked histogram of gradient, blocked histogram of gray, and raw pixel. An EL algorithm is proposed based on independence test and multifeatures, after theoretically analyzing the precondition of precision boosting to EL. Some results of analysis and comparison prove that the proposed method is advanced compared with baseline methods. Specially, there exist remarkable advantages in our method when there are some noises in sample labels. Then, we carried on a 72-h continuous test on a practical production line, in which the error rate of inspection is less than 1‰. In terms of time and precision, it is superior to the traditional manual detection. Hence, the test results prove that the visual inspection system designed and algorithm proposed are advanced and practical. |
20,208 | Please write an abstract with title: Retrieval of snow water equivalent from Nimbus-7 SMMR data: Effect of land-cover categories and weather conditions, and key words: Information retrieval, Snow, Brightness temperature, Optical surface waves, Frequency, Remote sensing, Optical scattering, Microwave radiometry, Satellite broadcasting, Polarization. Abstract: The effect of the four major surface types in Finland (forests, boglands, farmlands, and water (ice)) on the microwave brightness temperature of snow-covered areas is investigated. Nimbus-7 Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer (SMMR) data are employed to derive the response of each surface type. An algorithm to retrieve the water equivalent of snow cover from Nimbus-7 SMMR data is tested in different dry snow conditions. |
20,209 | Please write an abstract with title: Detecting Micromanagement During Pair Programming, and key words: Training, Analytical models, Error analysis, Text categorization, Collaboration, Feature extraction, Collaborative work. Abstract: One of the biggest challenges hindering effective collaboration and therefore, pair programming, is micromanagement. In this paper, we investigated the capabilities of a pretrained transformer-based machine learning model to detect such micromanagement, following a text classification approach. We collected and labeled a dataset of 42,820 utterances from three course assignments involving 32 pair programmers in remote environments. This is the first successful automated detection of such micromanagement. |
20,210 | Please write an abstract with title: Using design-build projects to teach and reinforce engineering skills to first-year engineering students, and key words: Design engineering, Engineering students, Process design, Teamwork, Writing, Educational institutions, Education, Accreditation, Educational technology, Recruitment. Abstract: At Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, a series of hands-on and early-design projects have been incorporated into the first-year curriculum. The purpose of these projects is to introduce students to the engineering design process, teamwork, technical writing and other basic engineering skills. As part of the on-going implementation of these projects, we have recently introduced a series of small design-build projects into our first semester engineering course. This paper discusses the development and implementation of the project (MacGyver) box program from conception through implementation. Specific topics include the design of project assignments, the project box inventory, the evaluation of projects, and the stepping-up from the smaller first semester projects to the open-ended second semester projects. The paper also addresses responses from students and lessons learned during program implementation. |
20,211 | Please write an abstract with title: Validating the capacity planning process and flowline product sequencing through simulation analysis, and key words: Capacity planning, Analytical models, Job shop scheduling, Manufacturing processes, Materials requirements planning, Virtual manufacturing, Continuous production, Process planning, Steel, Discrete event simulation. Abstract: This article illustrates the integration of discrete event simulation into the capacity planning process of a tier two automobile supplier. In this application, the capacity planning process is able to generate a feasible schedule for the 30% of the product line which generates 80% of the business. The schedule is "feasible" based on the ability to produce sufficient inventory to cover customer demand. The capacity planning process was unable to develop a schedule for the production of the remaining 70% of the product line or take into account shortages in customer supplied materials used in the production process. Simulation is used to validate the capacity planning process as well as generate a feasible schedule for the remaining products during the planning period as well as: evaluating the plan for customer supplied materials; identifying potential areas for improvement in the production process and determining material storage requirements for the facilities planner. |
20,212 | Please write an abstract with title: Design and Analysis of a Soft Gripper for Human Interactive Robot, and key words: Pressure sensors, Three-dimensional displays, Pain, Muscles, Robot sensing systems, Rubber, Resins. Abstract: Body ache is one of the major problems faced by old people. Manual body massage is a common remedy for pain relief. To automate the process of comfort and physical relief, a gripper is needed. There are many types of grippers available, but they are very hard in nature and are not suitable for direct human contact. The proposed work presents a soft gripper to provide light pressure for relaxing the muscles and for relief from body pain. A three-dimensional (3D) mould is manufactured using a FabX 3D printer. Liquid Silicone Rubber (LSR 110) A and B resin mixture is made to set using the 3D mould to fabricate the soft gripper. The control of tentacles is done using Arduino UNO and pressure sensor details are monitored to find optimal pressure required to hold and lift the objects. The experimental result shows that the gripper control is easy and it is suitable for human interactive robots. |
20,213 | Please write an abstract with title: Modeling, analysis, and experimentation of chaos in a switched reluctance drive system, and key words: Chaos, Strontium, Pulse width modulation, Drives, Voltage, Pulse width modulation inverters, Computer simulation, Reluctance motors, Power system modeling, Commutation. Abstract: In this brief, modeling, analysis, and experimentation of chaos in a switched reluctance (SR) drive system using voltage pulsewidth modulation are presented. Based on the proposed nonlinear flux linkage model of the SR drive system, the computation time to evaluate the Poincare/spl acute/ map and its Jacobian matrix can be significantly shortened. Moreover, stability analysis of the fundamental operation is conducted, enabling us to determine the stable parameter ranges and hence to avoid the occurrence of chaos. Both computer simulation and experimental measurement are given to verify the theoretical modeling and analysis. |
20,214 | Please write an abstract with title: Suboptimal linear regulators with incomplete state feedback, and key words: Regulators, State feedback, Optimal control, Design methodology, Statistics, Covariance matrix, Upper bound, Cost function, Polynomials, Equations. Abstract: A method of designing linear regulators with incomplete state feedback has been suggested by Rekasius [1]. Ramar and Ramaswami [2] have pointed out the difficulties encountered in applying this method. This correspondence presents, briefly, an alternative approach to this problem in two cases of a) unknown initial state and b) known initial state statistics, viz., mean and covariance matrix. Solution for the control law utilizing only the available states is obtained by minimizing an upper bound on the ratio of the suboptimal to optimal cost in case a). In case b) the expected value of the suboptimal cost is minimized. It is assumed that the available states are sufficient to make the feedback system stable. The solution is in the form of necessary conditions and results in a set of simultaneous polynomial equations, but the solution to the optimal control problem is not required. |
20,215 | Please write an abstract with title: Modulation and Control Strategy for an Isolated and Bidirectional Two-Stage DC-AC converter with a high ripple on the DC-Link to interface Battery with the Single-Phase Grid, and key words: Phase modulation, Voltage source inverters, Capacitors, RLC circuits, Zero voltage switching, DC-AC power converters, Capacitance. Abstract: This paper analyzes the modulation and the control strategy for an isolated and bidirectional two-stage DC-AC converter to interface batteries with the single-phase grid. The converter is composed of a Dual-Active-Bridge Series-Resonant (DABSR) DC-DC converter cascaded with a Voltage Source Inverter (VSI). Both converters are linked by a film capacitor. The time-variant single-phase power is decoupled on the DC-link, which allows a high ripple voltage. In the VSI control, a Notch Filter (NF) is used to filter the low-frequency ripple influence in the grid power transfer. Two different modulations are analyzed to power decoupling in the DABSR DC-DC converter: (1) 50% fixed duty ratio (FDR) with time-variant phase-shift (TVPS) modulation and (2) time-variant duty ratio (TVDR) with fixed phase-shift modulation to power transfer. The analysis for different capacitance values is made considering the ripple on the DC-Link and the THD in the grid current. The results show that 50% FDR and TVPS modulation allows ZVS mode and minimum high-frequency current. However, TVDR allows a better power decoupling in the DC current. The control strategy and modulation are validated by simulation. |
20,216 | Please write an abstract with title: Federated Machine Learning as a Self-Adaptive Problem, and key words: Training, Data privacy, Adaptive systems, Prototypes, Machine learning, Servers, Time factors. Abstract: Machine Learning (ML) enables the creation of a new generation of applications that “learn” from collected data, transferred and analyzed on centralized servers. Moving data may imply a significant overhead and may also undermine users' privacy. Federated Machine Learning (FedML) tries to address these issues by means of local training phases on client devices: only lightweight aggregated data are then sent to the centralized server. FedML solutions must offer response times and accuracy similar to traditional ML applications, but their management is distributed on devices that may be heterogeneous, may become unavailable, and are not as powerful as (cloud-based) servers. This paper considers FedML systems a novel example of self-adaptive applications, where clients and servers must cooperate to provide required results. In particular, this paper proposes: i) the formalization of FedML applications as self-adaptive systems, ii) an initial prototype that shows the feasibility of the approach, and iii) a preliminary evaluation that demonstrates the benefit of the proposed solution. |
20,217 | Please write an abstract with title: A Comparative Study and Parameters Analysis of Coils in Inductive Charging For Electric Vehicles, and key words: Coils, Ferrites, Wireless communication, Magnetic cores, Inductive charging, Magnetic resonance, Couplers. Abstract: Wireless charging with magnetically coupled coils is the preferred way for charging batteries in electric vehicles. Two cases are discussed in this study. Firstly, a new system based on single shielding which contains ferrite material and magnetic shielding design is developed. In addition, the magnetic coupler that is offered also uses less ferrite than a conventional flat shape ferrite core coupler to achieve good WPT system performance. Second, a three-dimensional model of transceiver coils for charging electric vehicles is detailed, along with the future use of magnetic resonance wireless power and its evolution. The proposed design’s efficiency is demonstrated by simulation results. |
20,218 | Please write an abstract with title: Sports Effect Evaluation Technology based on Elastic Network, and key words: Databases, Conferences, Feature extraction, Data models, Cognition, Classification algorithms, Data mining. Abstract: Elastic network is a commonly used algorithm in feature selection technology, the algorithm uses regularization principle for feature selection, regularization is now one of the better conventional technology in the study of feature selection technology, so this paper uses elastic network for feature selection, and sports effect evaluation research. In this paper, a sports effect evaluation technique based on elastic network is proposed, and the SED database is experimentally studied to analyze and evaluate the sports effect. |
20,219 | Please write an abstract with title: Case Study: Variable-Voltage DC Bus With Energy Recovery System for Industrial Plants, and key words: Synchronous motors, DC motors, Inverters, Kinetic energy, Rectifiers, Industrial plants, Process control. Abstract: Direct current (DC) buses and microgrids have drawn significant attention owing to the simple integration of distinct sources and energy storage systems. However, most research efforts refer to the use of DC buses for residential, datacenter, and telecommunications applications rather than manufacturing industry, where processes are controlled by alternating current (AC) motor drivers. This work proposes a novel approach of a DC bus used as primary power supply in manufacturing industrial plants for replacing the traditional AC bus. Unlike most applications, the DC bus voltage presents a variable magnitude and allows energy recovery aiming to improve energy efficiency. This arrangement employs a capacitor bank directly to the DC bus, which is responsible for storing the energy that, otherwise, would be lost during the motor braking. Simulation in PSIM software and experimental results on an industrial plant involving a real polyvinyl chloride (PVC) injection machine supplied directly by the DC bus, in which the voltage varies between 535 V and 600 V, are presented and discussed to validate the proposed approach. The obtained results show that the DC bus does not require a rigid control of the voltage magnitude, thus allowing a reduction of up to 5.05% in energy consumption. |
20,220 | Please write an abstract with title: EventGAN: Leveraging Large Scale Image Datasets for Event Cameras, and key words: Optical losses, Deep learning, Training, Tracking, Pose estimation, Training data, Object detection. Abstract: Event cameras provide a number of benefits over traditional cameras, such as the ability to track incredibly fast motions, high dynamic range, and low power consumption. However, their application into computer vision problems, many of which are primarily dominated by deep learning solutions, has been limited by the lack of labeled training data for events. In this work, we propose a method which leverages the existing labeled data for images by simulating events from a pair of temporal image frames, using a convolutional neural network. We train this network on pairs of images and events, using an adversarial discriminator loss and a pair of cycle consistency losses. The cycle consistency losses utilize a pair of pre-trained self-supervised networks which perform optical flow estimation and image reconstruction from events, and constrain our network to generate events which result in accurate outputs from both of these networks. Trained fully end to end, our network learns a generative model for events from images without the need for accurate modeling of the motion in the scene, exhibited by modeling based methods, while also implicitly modeling event noise. Using this simulator, we train a pair of downstream networks on object detection and 2D human pose estimation from events, using simulated data from large scale image datasets, and demonstrate the networks' abilities to generalize to datasets with real events. The code and dataset in this paper are available here: https://github.com/alexzzhu/EventGAN. |
20,221 | Please write an abstract with title: Iterative Learning Reliable Control for A Kind of Discrete-time Nonlinear Systems with Stochastic Transmission Attenuation and Offset Fault in Actuator, and key words: Learning systems, Actuators, Stochastic processes, Attenuation, Numerical models, Reliability, Indexes. Abstract: This paper focuses on the reliability of the iterative learning control strategy for a kind of repeatable discrete-time models subject to transmission attenuation and offset fault produced in actuator. The attenuation is a random multiplier with respect to both time and iteration index and the fault is an additive stochastic disturbance. So, the real control input is modelled by multiplying a stochastic variable with the original control signal and adding a random bounded-disturbance function. By resorting to the time-weighted norm technique, the tracking performance is analyzed in the statistical sense and the sufficiency of convergence is established. To illustrate the effectiveness and reliability of the proposed results, numerical experiments are carried out. |
20,222 | Please write an abstract with title: Iterative compensation of microphone array and sound source movements based on minimization of arrival time differences, and key words: Microphone arrays, Adaptive algorithm, Direction of arrival estimation, Delay estimation, Position measurement, Adaptive arrays, Delay effects, Filters, Time difference of arrival, Natural languages. Abstract: This paper proposes an iterative compensation method to deal with relative change of sound source location caused by rapid movements of a microphone array and a sound source. This method introduces a delay filter that has shifted and sampled sine functions. This paper presents a concept that applies both the error function of the adaptive algorithms to estimate two-dimensional direction-of-arrival and the coordinate system of a moving microphone array. This method directly estimates the relative directions of the microphone array to the sound source directions by minimizing the relative differences of arrival time among the observed signals, not by estimating the time difference of arrival (TDOA) between two observed signals. This method compensates the time delay of the observed signals simultaneously, and it has a feature to ensure that the output signals are in phase. Simulation results support effectiveness of the method. |
20,223 | Please write an abstract with title: Optimal Obfuscation Mechanisms via Machine Learning, and key words: Privacy, Mutual information, Data privacy, Entropy, Machine learning, Generators, Quality of service. Abstract: We consider the problem of obfuscating sensitive information while preserving utility, and we propose a machine-learning approach inspired by the generative adversarial networks paradigm. The idea is to set up two nets: the generator, that tries to produce an optimal obfuscation mechanism to protect the data, and the classifier, that tries to de-obfuscate the data. By letting the two nets compete against each other, the mechanism improves its degree of protection, until an equilibrium is reached. We apply our method to the case of location privacy, and we perform experiments on synthetic data and on real data from the Gowalla dataset. We evaluate the privacy of the mechanism not only by its capacity to defeat the classifier, but also in terms of the Bayes error, which represents the strongest possible adversary. We compare the privacy-utility tradeoff of our method with that of the planar Laplace mechanism used in geo-indistinguishability, showing favorable results. Like the Laplace mechanism, our system can be deployed at the user end for protecting his location. |
20,224 | Please write an abstract with title: Continuum computer architecture for nano-scale and ultra-high clock rate technologies, and key words: Computer architecture, Clocks, Nanoscale devices, CMOS technology, Logic devices, Concurrent computing, Delay, Signal processing, Moore's Law, Multidimensional systems. Abstract: Continuum computer architecture (CCA) is a non-von Neumann architecture that offers an alternative to conventional structures as digital technology evolves towards nano-scale and the ultimate flat-lining of Moore's law. Coincidentally, it also defines a model of architecture particularly well suited to logic classes that exhibit ultra-high clock rates (> 100 GHz) such as rapid single flux quantum (RSFQ) gates. CCA eliminates the concept of the "CPU" that has dominated computer architecture since its inception more than half a century ago and establishes a new local element that merges the properties of state storage, state transfer, and state operation. A CCA system architecture is a simple multidimensional organization of these elemental blocks and physically may be considered as a new family of cellular computer. But CCA differs dramatically from conventional cellular automata. While both deliver emergent global behavior from the aggregation of local rules and ensuing operation. The CCA emergent behavior is a global general-purpose model of parallel computation, as opposed to simply mimicking some limited phenomenon like heat and mass transfer as do conventional cellular automata. This paper presents the motivation and foundation concepts of CCA and exposes key issues for further work. |
20,225 | Please write an abstract with title: Analysis of Pooling Principle in Blockchain Radio Access Network, and key words: Wireless communication, Conferences, Simulation, Collaboration, Mathematical models, Blockchains, Resource management. Abstract: Blockchain radio access network (B-RAN), as a new paradigm of wireless access, utilizes blockchain to facilitate and safeguard multisided resource sharing and pooling. B-RAN was previously claimed to benefit from network integration and collaboration, which also known as the pooling principle; however, it has never been quantitatively analyzed and assessed. In this paper, we provide the mathematical foundation of the pooling principle for B-RAN. We first present the system model of B- RAN and introduce the concept of effective network capacity to measure the network performance. We quantify the effect of pooling in B- RAN by deriving the effective network capacity and illustrate the pooling principle of B- RAN. Finally, we show the simulation results and provide convincing evidence to support the pooling principle of B- RAN. |
20,226 | Please write an abstract with title: An objective Human fatigue monitoring solution for Fatigue Risk Management or Reduced Crew Operations, and key words: Sleep, Pandemics, Tools, Fatigue, Real-time systems, Safety, Risk management. Abstract: Thales AVS has launched an internal project to develop a solution for in flight data collection and ground tools allowing post-flight analysis of fatigue, sleepiness and sleep of crew members. This solution is developed with support from major airlines. Thirty flights have already been done and collected data show a real interest from air operators to get objective information. This confirms one of the main assumption that subjective measures are not sufficient to have an accurate and reliable evaluation of fatigue, sleepiness and sleep. Such efficient monitoring is a much needed trustworthy tool for Fatigue Risk Management (FRM) and an unavoidable first step towards Single Pilot Operations (SPO), even in cruise. Thanks to these collaborations with air operators, Thales AVS has developed a better understanding of how air operators manage fatigue risks and safety of flight operations and refined its crew monitoring technology for fatigue. |
20,227 | Please write an abstract with title: An optimized DFT technology based on machine learning, and key words: Costs, Conferences, Discrete Fourier transforms, Asia, Machine learning, Predictive models, Data collection. Abstract: During the DFT planning period, one of the design challenges is how to determine the core parameters of the DFT, so as to ensure the low cost, high efficiency and high reliability of the DFT. An optimized DFT technology based on machine learning is proposed in this paper. The method mainly includes four steps: data collection, optimal prediction model selection, parameter prediction, and optimal configuration calculation. This method can predict the results of all configurations in the selectable range with a small cost, thereby calculating the optimal DFT structure. The results of experiment show that the method can effectively calculate the optimal configuration of the design. For the most important test coverage parameter in DFT, the average prediction error is only 0.2767%. |
20,228 | Please write an abstract with title: Voiced-unvoiced-silence detection using the Itakura LPC distance measure, and key words: Linear predictive coding, Pattern classification, Energy measurement, Filtering, Pattern analysis, Signal analysis, Speech analysis, Euclidean distance, Current measurement, Covariance matrix. Abstract: One of the most difficult problems in speech analysis is reliable discrimination among silence, unvoiced speech, and voiced speech which has been transmitted over a telephone line. Although several methods have been proposed for making this 3-level decision, these schemes have met with only modest success. In this paper a novel approach to the voiced-unvoiced-silence detection problem is proposed in which a spectral characterization of each of the 3 classes of signal is obtained during a training session, and an LPC distance metric and an energy distance are nonlinearly combined to make the final discrimination. This algorithm has been tested over conventional switched telephone lines, across a variety of speakers, and has been found to have an error rate of about 5%, with the majority of the errors (about 2/3) occurring at the boundaries between signal classes. The algorithm is currently being used in a speaker independent word recognition system. |
20,229 | Please write an abstract with title: A Novel Application of Random Hysteresis Current Control Technique for Acoustic Noise and Vibration Reduction of PMSM Drive, and key words: Current control, Vibrations, Torque, Pulse width modulation, Harmonic analysis, Permanent magnet motors, Hysteresis. Abstract: This paper presents a novel application of Random Hysteresis Current Control (RHCC) based Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) technique for a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) drive to reduce Acoustic Noise and Vibration (ANV). The HCC PWM scheme is simple and robust in switching control, but it is subject to variable switching frequency. However, since its harmonic spectrum is not randomly distributed like those given by the random PWM scheme, the harmonic effects still exist. Among various available spread spectrum techniques, RHCC technique has recently applied for unipolar and bipolar PWM fed power electronics converters to reduce harmonics in voltage and currents, with promising results. The proposed RHCC technique brings a significant reduction in torque and current ripples, ANV in the motor thereby enhancing the performance of the complete drive system under operation. An appropriate simulation and experimental analysis have been carried out. Performance result shows the substantial reduction of torque and current ripple in the PMSM drive with the proposed RHCC based PWM technique. |
20,230 | Please write an abstract with title: Learning without Data: Physics-Informed Neural Networks for Fast Time-Domain Simulation, and key words: Training, Computational modeling, Power system dynamics, Neural networks, Training data, Power system stability, Mathematical models. Abstract: In order to drastically reduce the heavy computational burden associated with time-domain simulations, this paper introduces a Physics-Informed Neural Network (PINN) to directly learn the solutions of power system dynamics. In contrast to the limitations of classical model order reduction approaches, commonly used to accelerate time-domain simulations, PINNs can universally approximate any continuous function with an arbitrary degree of accuracy. One of the novelties of this paper is that we avoid the need for any training data. We achieve this by incorporating the governing differential equations and an implicit Runge-Kutta (RK) integration scheme directly into the training process of the PINN; through this approach, PINNs can predict the trajectory of a dynamical power system at any discrete time step. The resulting Runge-Kutta-based physics-informed neural networks (RK-PINNs) can yield up to 100 times faster evaluations of the dynamics compared to standard time-domain simulations. We demonstrate the methodology on a single-machine infinite bus system governed by the swing equation. We show that RK-PINNs can accurately and quickly predict the solution trajectories. |
20,231 | Please write an abstract with title: Simulation of the solar wind interaction with the magnetosphere and its application to real-time calculation, and key words: Magnetosphere, Magnetohydrodynamics, Plasma simulation, Earth, Computational modeling, Wind, Extraterrestrial phenomena, Computer simulation, Magnetic separation, Planets. Abstract: Our research activity in computer simulations of the solar wind interaction with the magnetosphere is reviewed. First, results of global MHD simulation of the Earth's magnetosphere are shown. They provided us a new insight into the field-aligned current system, the structure of the magnetospheric convention, and the substorm mechanism. Then, we applied the simulation code to real-time operation. The real-time simulation helps us to improve the simulation model by comparing the accumulated simulation data with observations. Finally, global hybrid code simulation of solar wind interaction with an unmagnetized planet was carried out to extend the global model to the ion cyclotron radius scale, and the results are shown. |
20,232 | Please write an abstract with title: Effective Visual Domain Adaptation via Generative Adversarial Distribution Matching, and key words: Gallium nitride, Generators, Visualization, Task analysis, Generative adversarial networks, Neural networks, Adaptation models. Abstract: In the field of computer vision, without sufficient labeled images, it is challenging to train an accurate model. However, through visual adaptation from source to target domains, a relevant labeled dataset can help solve such problem. Many methods apply adversarial learning to diminish cross-domain distribution difference. They are able to greatly enhance the performance on target classification tasks. Generative adversarial network (GAN) loss is widely used in adversarial adaptation learning methods to reduce an across-domain distribution difference. However, it becomes difficult to decline such distribution difference if generator or discriminator in GAN fails to work as expected and degrades its performance. To solve such cross-domain classification problems, we put forward a novel adaptation framework called generative adversarial distribution matching (GADM). In GADM, we improve the objective function by taking cross-domain discrepancy distance into consideration and further minimize the difference through the competition between a generator and discriminator, thereby greatly decreasing cross-domain distribution difference. Experimental results and comparison with several state-of-the-art methods verify GADM's superiority in image classification across domains. |
20,233 | Please write an abstract with title: Optimising the Energy System for Electrified Airport Operations Using Digital Twin, and key words: digital twin, airports, electric aviation, electric vehicles, energy management. Abstract: This paper describes a general layout of electric infrastructures to implement a Digital Twin for the conversion of actual airports into the electric aviation era. The proposed Digital Twin allows to test different electricity management strategies to maximize the chosen target whether it is saving electricity costs or reducing CO2 emissions, focusing on the feasibility of new airport infrastructures in northern countries. |
20,234 | Please write an abstract with title: Simultaneous Control in Belief Space for Circular Insertion in Precision Assembly, and key words: Mathematical model, Aerospace electronics, Force sensors, Planning, Task analysis, Force, Cameras. Abstract: Simultaneously inserting multiple objects is an essential topic in precision assembly to compose complicated shapes. This task involves the acquisition difficulty of unobservable interaction states, which makes it hard to plan the insertion. To solve it, this article investigates the circular assembly of multiple objects and proposes a strategy to control the simultaneous insertion in belief space. We first present the insertion state transition and observation models, in which the stochastic parts are modeled as Gaussian noise, and then estimate the belief state using an extended Kalman filter. An optimization approach is discussed, for the compensational movement planning, to decrease the estimated radial interaction forces and the toward-center movement is thus determined, considering the optimized compensational movement and the belief state. Experiments are carried out to demonstrate the validation of the proposed method. |
20,235 | Please write an abstract with title: Robot motion planning with uncertainty in the geometric models of the robot and environment: A formal framework for error detection and recovery, and key words: Robot motion, Motion planning, Uncertainty, Solid modeling, Motion detection, Robot sensing systems, Error correction, Intelligent robots, Friction, Technology planning. Abstract: This paper addresses robot motion planning with uncertainty in sensing, control, and the geometric models of the robot and environment. To this end, a formal framework for error detection and recovery is proposed. |
20,236 | Please write an abstract with title: MASTER: Long-Term Stable Routing and Scheduling in Low-Power Wireless Networks, and key words: Routing, Reliability, Schedules, Interference, Wireless communication, Microsoft Windows, Job shop scheduling. Abstract: Wireless Sensor-Actuator Networks (WSANs) are an important driver for the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) as they easily retrofit existing industrial infrastructure. Industrial applications require these networks to provide stable communication with high reliability and guaranteed low latency. A common way is using a central scheduler to plan transmissions and routes so that all packets are delivered before a deadline. However, existing centralized schedulers are only able to achieve high reliability in the absence of interference. This limitation lowers the feasibility of using centralized schedulers in most environments susceptible to interference.This paper addresses the challenge of stable, centrally scheduled communication in low-power wireless networks susceptible to interference. We introduce MASTER, a centralized scheduler and router, for IEEE 802.15.4 TSCH (Time-Slotted Channel Hopping). MASTER uses Sliding Windows, a novel transmission strategy, which builds on flow-based retransmissions instead of link-based ones. We show in our experimental evaluation that MASTER with Sliding Windows achieves routing and scheduling stability for over 24 hours with end-to-end reliability of over 99.6%. Moreover, we show that MASTER outperforms Orchestra, a state-of-the-art autonomous scheduler, in terms of latency by a factor of 8 while achieving similar reliability under a slight duty-cycle increase. |
20,237 | Please write an abstract with title: Transactive Energy Systems: The Market-Based Coordination of Distributed Energy Resources, and key words: Transactive energy, Renewable energy sources, Generators, Carbon dioxide, Time factors, Energy resources, Market research. Abstract: Due to pressing environmental concerns, there is a global consensus to commit to a sustainable energy future. Germany has embraced Energiewende, a bold sustainable energy policy of no operational nuclear plants by 2022. California has set an ambitious goal that mandates 50% renewable penetration by 2025, 60% by 2030, and 100% by 2045 [1]. The vast integration of renewable energy into the power grid imposes daunting challenges on the conventional supply-side control paradigm. First, renewable energy is intermittent and uncertain. Integrating renewable energy will reduce the system inertia, inject undesirable variability, and substantially increase the need for system reserves. These reserves are typically provided by conventional generators. However, conventional generators have limited capacity and ramping rate, and they produce carbon emissions that defeat the carbon benefit of renewable integration. On the other hand, the increasing penetration of renewable energy also squeezes the response time needed to balance the power grid. That is, the time required to make critical operating decisions is decreasing from minutes to seconds and, in some cases, even subseconds due to the increasing variability of supply and demand. The shorter response time for decision making places significant challenges on the conventional power grid, which requires human interaction. |
20,238 | Please write an abstract with title: A Live Demonstration of In-Band Telemetry in OSM-Orchestrated Core Networks, and key words: Program processors, Programming, Network function virtualization, Complexity theory, Telemetry, Quality of experience, Task analysis. Abstract: Network Function Virtualization is a key enabler to building future mobile networks in a flexible and cost-efficient way. Such a network is expected to manage and maintain itself with minimum human intervention. With early deployments of the fifth generation of mobile technologies – 5G – around the world, setting up 4G/5G experimental infrastructure is necessary to optimally design Self-Organising Networks (SON). In this demo, we present a custom small-scale 4G/5G testbed. As a step towards self-healing, the testbed integrates Programming Protocol-independent Packet Processors (P4) virtual switches, that are placed along interfaces between different components of transport and core network. This demo not only shows the administration and monitoring of the Evolved Packet Core VNF components, using Open Source MANO, but also serves as a proof of concept for the potential of P4-based telemetry in detecting anomalous behaviour of the mobile network, such as a congestion in the transport part. |
20,239 | Please write an abstract with title: Muse: Multi-Modal Target Speaker Extraction with Visual Cues, and key words: Visualization, Lips, Conferences, Signal processing algorithms, Signal processing, Acoustics, Image sequences. Abstract: Speaker extraction algorithm relies on the speech sample from the target speaker as the reference point to focus its attention. Such a reference speech is typically pre-recorded. On the other hand, the temporal synchronization between speech and lip movement also serves as an informative cue. Motivated by this idea, we study a novel technique to use speech-lip visual cues to extract reference target speech directly from mixture speech during inference time, without the need of pre-recorded reference speech. We propose a multi-modal speaker extraction network, named MuSE, that is conditioned only on a lip image sequence. MuSE not only outperforms other competitive baselines in terms of SI-SDR and PESQ, but also shows consistent improvement in cross-dataset evaluations. |
20,240 | Please write an abstract with title: DDI: A Novel Architecture for Joint Active User Detection and IoT Device Identification in Grant-Free NOMA Systems for 6G and Beyond Networks, and key words: NOMA, Internet of Things, Computer architecture, Performance evaluation, Deep learning, Base stations, Task analysis. Abstract: Nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA) with a grant-free access has received a lot of attention due to its support to massive machine-type communication (mMTC) devices. The devices in grant-free systems are allowed to transmit information without undergoing an authentication process. Therefore, in such systems, the base station needs to distinguish between active and nonactive devices, called the active user detection (AUD) process. This process is challenging as the active device needs to be detected from the received signals that are superimposed. Furthermore, the identification of the Internet of Things (IoT) devices from these signals also poses a great challenge, which could help allocate resources in future generation communication systems. Motivated from the aforementioned facts, this article proposes a device detection and identification (DDI) architecture for joint AUD and IoT device identification from the received superimposed signals. The architecture extracts the Fourier patterns as the representative feature vector, which results in an improved detection and identification process. Experimental results show that the architecture not only outperforms the conventional schemes and deep neural network-based approaches in terms of success probability for the AUD task but also yields lower computational complexity. The evaluation of the DDI architecture for IoT device identification problems has also been performed and compared to various shallow learning methods to prove its efficacy. |
20,241 | Please write an abstract with title: Asset Congestion and Voltage Management in Large-Scale MV-LV Networks With Solar PV, and key words: Voltage control, Low voltage, Smart meters, Power control, Photovoltaic systems, Distribution networks, Medium voltage. Abstract: The rapid uptake of residential solar photovoltaic (PV) systems in LV networks is resulting in reverse power flows that can reach the upstream MV network. Given the scale of MV networks, supplying thousands of customers through hundreds of LV transformers, distribution companies will require cost-effective and scalable solutions. This work proposes an adaptive control strategy to manage asset congestion and voltages in both MV and LV networks leveraging existing controllable devices and without network models. For asset congestion, a bottom-up approach is adopted using smart meter data and irradiance to estimate the maximum allowable PV generation. For voltages, the target of the MV on-load tap changer is updated according to smart meter data. The proposed control strategy, which does not require any electrical model information, is assessed on a real large-scale Australian MV-LV network (4,600+ customers, 79 LV transformers) considering realistic, high-resolution, time-series smart meter and generation data. To cater for load and generation uncertainties, a time-series Monte Carlo analysis is applied considering different PV penetrations. It is demonstrated that the proposed electrical model-free control strategy effectively mitigates all voltage and congestions issues across the MV-LV network, making it an attractive scalable alternative to reinforcements. |
20,242 | Please write an abstract with title: A MMIC Low-Noise Amplifier realized with two different gate length GaN-on-Si technologies, and key words: Microwave technology, Logic gates, Gain measurement, Microwave transistors, Microwave amplifiers, Noise measurement, Transistors. Abstract: In this work, a Ka-Band MMIC LNA designed with two different gate length GaN-on-Si devices is shown. Measurements show a gain higher than 29dB, 2.1dB average NF in the 34÷37.5GHz design band and a 1dBcp around 23-24dBm in the 35÷36.5GHz target band, showing a good suitability to high-gain, low-noise and medium-power requests. Comparison with GaN-on-SiC-based similar works confirms the feasibility of the adoption of GaN-on-Si technology for space-borne applications. |
20,243 | Please write an abstract with title: Second harmonic spectroscopy of two-dimensional Si nanocrystal layers, and key words: Silicon, Optical frequency conversion, Photoluminescence, Interface phenomena. Abstract: Summary form only given. We report new measurements of SHG in reflection from two-dimensional (2D) layers of Si nanocrystals embedded in the ultrathin (<10 nm) oxide of a Si[001] wafer by a chemical vapor deposition process. |
20,244 | Please write an abstract with title: Handwritten character recognition using elastic matching based on a class-dependent deformation model, and key words: Character recognition, Deformable models, Image matching, Information science, Computational efficiency, Pattern recognition, Automatic control, Prototypes, Text analysis. Abstract: For handwritten character recognition, a new elastic image matching (EM) technique based on a class-dependent deformation model is proposed. In the deformation model, any deformation of a class is described by a linear combination of eigen-deformations, which are intrinsic deformation directions of the class. The eigen-deformations can be estimated statistically from the actual deformations of handwritten characters. Experimental results show that the proposed technique can attain higher recognition rates than conventional EM techniques based on class-independent deformation models. The results also show the superiority of the proposed technique over those conventional EM techniques in computational efficiency. |
20,245 | Please write an abstract with title: Microwave and optical systems, and key words: Channel capacity, Repeaters, Stimulated emission, Telephony, TV, Data communication, Coaxial components, Millimeter wave communication, Millimeter wave technology, Millimeter wave radar. Abstract: Summary form only given, as follows. Since its introduction in the early 50s, the use of microwave radio for long distance transmission has grown, so that today it carries more telephone, television, and data communications than coaxial systems. The need for channel capacity is growing exponentially with time, and it is obvious that millimeter-wavelength communications will soon become a necessity. In the early 605, millimeter systems were considered impractical because they required closely-spaced high-cost repeaters using vacuum/tube amplifiers and oscillators. The discovery of IMPATT and Gunn diodes in the mid-60s made low-cost repeaters possible, and stimulated the development of practical millimeterwave systems. Japan has been particularly active in this area, and such systems are now in use. Even larger channel capacity is possible at optical frequencies. The discovery of low-loss optical fibers and solid-state optical sources and detectors makes optical communication systems economically feasible. Although the performance of experimental optical systems are presently inferior to millimeter systems, the technology is still in its infancy and significant progress is to be expected. increased activity is taking place in applying microwave techniques in non-military, non-communication systems. |
20,246 | Please write an abstract with title: A new approximation to three-dimensional electromagnetic scattering, and key words: Electromagnetic scattering, Tensile stress, Approximation methods, Testing, Integral equations, Inverse problems, Magnetic analysis, Permittivity, Electromagnetic fields, Fast Fourier transforms. Abstract: We introduce a new source-dependent but diagonal scattering tensor to approximate the electromagnetic fields internal to a scatterer. The approximate analytical expressions for the three diagonal scattering components are derived. Numerical tests show that the new approximation has favorable accuracy and wider range of applicability than the existing approximations such as the widely used extended Born approximation and the quasi-analytical approximation. |
20,247 | Please write an abstract with title: Automated Volumetric Examination of Muscle for Sarcopenia Assessment in CT Scan: Generalization of Psoas-based Approach, and key words: Torso, Solid modeling, Correlation, Computed tomography, Volume measurement, Current measurement, Area measurement. Abstract: Sarcopenia is increasingly identified as a correlate of frailty and ageing and associated with an increased likelihood of falls, fracture, frailty and mortality. The gold standard for the sarcopenia evaluation in computed tomography (CT) scan was psoas muscle area (PMA) measurement. In this paper, we proposed an automated deep learning approach to find the muscle volume and assessed the correlation between PMA and muscle volume in the chest CT. This alternate muscle volume metric becomes significant since most chest CT scans taken to assess lung diseases might not consist of psoas muscle but consists of other muscles, and it would therefore not be possible to assess sarcopenia in chest CT. Our results show a good correlation between the psoas muscle area and the muscle volume produced over specific anatomical landmarks by segmenting the muscle tissue using the 2D U-Net segmentation model, strengthening our proposition. Along with the muscle volume, we have also found the volume of peripheral fat and have shown there exists a correlation between them which could be helpful for nutritional evaluation. |
20,248 | Please write an abstract with title: Adaptive Configuration Selection and Bandwidth Allocation for Edge-Based Video Analytics, and key words: Visual analytics, Streaming media, Bandwidth, Servers, Channel allocation, Energy resolution, Energy consumption. Abstract: Major cities worldwide have millions of cameras deployed for surveillance, business intelligence, traffic control, crime prevention, etc. Real-time analytics on video data demands intensive computation resources and high energy consumption. Traditional cloud-based video analytics relies on large centralized clusters to ingest video streams. With edge computing, we can offload compute-intensive analysis tasks to nearby servers, thus mitigating long latency incurred by data transmission via wide area networks. When offloading video frames from the front-end device to an edge server, the application configuration (i.e., frame sampling rate and frame resolution) will impact several metrics, such as energy consumption, analytics accuracy and user-perceived latency. In this paper, we study the configuration selection and bandwidth allocation for multiple video streams, which are connected to the same edge node sharing an upload link. We propose an efficient online algorithm, called JCAB, which jointly optimizes configuration adaption and bandwidth allocation to address a number of key challenges in edge-based video analytics systems, including edge capacity limitation, unknown network variation, intrusive dynamics of video contents. Our algorithm is developed based on Lyapunov optimization and Markov approximation, works online without requiring future information, and achieves a provable performance bound. We also extend the proposed algorithms to the multi-edge scenario in which each user or video stream has an additional choice about which edge server to connect. Extensive evaluation results show that the proposed solutions can effectively balance the analytics accuracy and energy consumption while keeping low system latency in a variety of settings. |
20,249 | Please write an abstract with title: Study on Recognition of Sub-health from Pulse Signal, and key words: Pulse measurements, Feature extraction, Frequency, Linear discriminant analysis, Gravity, Data mining, Diseases, Medical diagnostic imaging, Educational institutions, Arteries. Abstract: In this paper, pulse signal of radial artery were measured by using HK-2000C digital integrated pulse transducer and power spectrum was calculated. Then peak value, peak frequency, center of gravity (cg) and gravity frequency of power spectrum were extracted. And Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) was applied to pattern recognition of sub-health. The recognition accuracy is up to 80% by using cg and gravity frequency of power spectrum as features. And the recognition accuracy is up to 86.667% by using peak value and peak frequency of power spectrum as features. Using the method proposed in this paper the sub-health state can be identified, which suggests that the proposed method could lead to an easy and effective diagnostic tool. |
20,250 | Please write an abstract with title: Software Test Data Reuse Based on Domain Ontology Construction, and key words: Knowledge engineering, Semantics, Software quality, Ontologies, Turning, Reliability engineering, Data processing. Abstract: CPS software has more specific defects and coupling defects than traditional computer systems. The testing and validation of CPS software are seriously affected by the cognitive level of individual testers, thus the quality of testing is difficult to guarantee. We believe that the knowledge reuse technology can address this problem to some extent. To achieve that, a construction method of CPS testing knowledge graph was carried out by our team, and the domain ontology of knowledge graph was organized and illustrated. After that, the key technologies such as automatic data extraction and intelligent retrieval were researched. Finally, a test data reuse approach based on knowledge graph was designed. With this approach, we expect to achieve the goal of turning the isolated island of test data into the semantic net of knowledge. Furthermore, increasing the reusability of test knowledge and reducing the defect omissions caused by cognitive deficiency of testers. In the end, this paper concludes the effect of the knowledge reuse-based testing method. |
20,251 | Please write an abstract with title: A Simplified Approach to Closed Loop Control of A Non-Isolated Bidirectional DC To DC Converter, and key words: Shafts, PI control, Power supplies, Aerospace electronics, Topology, Batteries, AC generators. Abstract: This paper aims at implementing a smart., light weight and economical DC to DC converter topology in closed loop mode in order to design an uninterrupted power supply to the electronic and auxiliary loads in a More Electric Aircraft with high efficiency and good transient and steady state response. The proposed topology uses a non-isolated cascaded bidirectional DC to DC converter which can be used in buck as well as boost mode. The aircraft load which is to be supplied with DC power is so connected that it can take power from AC generator mounted on the engine shaft as well as from an auxiliary battery which gets connected to the load in case the engine gets overloaded due to takeoff., landing or turbulence conditions. The changeover between these two sources happens automatically and appropriate gate signals are provided to the semiconductor switches in the DC to DC converter with the help of closed loop control consisting of PI voltage controller hysteresis current controller. The system performance is tested under randomly varying load conditions and the load voltage and current waveforms are compared against their respective reference values. The system transient response is evaluated in terms of overshoot and voltage regulation across the load. PI controllers can be replaced with more advanced controllers like sliding mode controller or fuzzy controller in order to get even better system response in terms of load current overshoot under changing load conditions. |
20,252 | Please write an abstract with title: GCC-PHAT with Speech-oriented Attention for Robotic Sound Source Localization, and key words: Location awareness, Correlation, Time difference of arrival, Estimation, Interference, Transforms, Robot sensing systems. Abstract: Robotic audition is a basic sense that helps robots perceive the surroundings and interact with humans. Sound Source Localization (SSL) is an essential module for a robotic system. However, the performance of most sound source localization techniques degrades in noisy and reverberant environments due to inaccurate Time Difference of Arrival (TDoA) estimation. In robotic sound source localization, we are more interested in detecting the arrival of human speech than other sound sources. Ideally, we expect an effective TDoA estimation to respond only to speech signals, while masking off other interferences. In this paper, we propose a novel technique that learns to attend to speech fundamental frequency and harmonics while suppressing noise interference and reverberation. The novel TDoA feature is referred to as Generalized Cross Correlation with Phase Transform and Speech Mask (GCC-PHAT-SM). We perform sound source localization experiments on real-world data captured from a robotic platform. Experiments show that GCC-PHAT-SM feature significantly outperforms traditional Generalized Cross Correlation (GCC) feature in noisy and reverberant acoustic environments. |
20,253 | Please write an abstract with title: Mechanical Analyses of Turn & Ground Insulation for CFETR CSMC, and key words: Insulation, Stress, Windings, Plasma temperature, Electromagnetic forces, Niobium-tin, Conductors. Abstract: The composite insulation materials used in the fusion device superconductivity magnet must have excellent thermal behavior, sufficient dielectric strength, rigorous mechanical performance etc. to adapt the severe multi-field operation environment. Glass fiber reinforced plastics are extensively used for insulation in fusion magnet. In view of its outstanding fabrication and material performances, it is also adopted as the turn & ground insulation for China Fusion Engineering Test Reactor (CFETR) Central Solenoid Model Coil (CSMC). During the cooling down stage of CSMC, large normal stress will be generated in the & ground insulation components. While in the energization stage, besides the normal stress, the shear stress will be generated. If the insulation components are teared down, unanticipated damage may happen on CSMC. Thus, in order to check the current structural design of insulation components, the representative turn insulation and ground insulation components are built. The mechanical analyses are launched subsequently. During the analyses, the multi-load cases are considered. And the detailed shear stress and normal stress in the insulation components are calculated and evaluated based on the insulation material property requirements. |
20,254 | Please write an abstract with title: VLSI interconnects at multi GHz frequencies incorporating inductance, and key words: Very large scale integration, Frequency, Inductance, Clocks, Integrated circuit interconnections, Data mining, Wire, Delay, Springs, Impedance. Abstract: Due to decreasing device sizes and increasing clock speed, the interconnect delay is the dominant factor in clock skew. This delay has been extracted as RC component in available EDA tools. In this paper, we model the interconnect as RLC for systems running at multi-GHz. A static extraction analysis method optimized for VLSI is detailed which considers all lines within the vicinity of the target line as return paths. Novel formulas presented for parallel and series RLC reduction. Result characterization and future research areas are discussed. |
20,255 | Please write an abstract with title: Grid-Following Inverters and Synchronous Condensers: A Grid-Forming Pair?, and key words: grid-following inverters, synchronous condensers, PSCAD, inertia. Abstract: As power systems across the globe continue to achieve higher instantaneous penetrations of power electronic converter-interfaced renewable sources, the stability of these power systems is challenged because of the removal of synchronous machines, from which stability is traditionally derived. Although technological solutions to these stability challenges are on the horizon, such as the use of grid-forming inverters, they are not yet widely applied to larger power systems, which presents operational challenges for power systems achieving these high instantaneous penetrations today. A potential interim solution using existing technologies is to pair synchronous condensers with grid-following inverters, which might prolong the stability of an operating power system while synchronous generators are turned off during periods of high renewable energy availability. This work examines the transient stability of such a solution using PSCAD simulations of a two-bus system coupled to a varied-length transmission line, with a synchronous condenser at one bus and a grid-following inverter with grid-support functionality at the other. The system is exposed to load step, balanced fault, and unbalanced fault perturbations. It was found that this simple system returned to a steady state for transmission line lengths up to 125 km after 10% load steps, or a variety of fault types. |
20,256 | Please write an abstract with title: Treble-Linear Basis Functions for Solving the Volume Integral Equation on Inhomogeneous Anisotropic Bodies, and key words: Integral equations, Scattering, Nonhomogeneous media, Computational electromagnetics, Method of moments. Abstract: To reduce the error of method of moments for solving volume integral equation (VIE), in this paper, the treble-linear (TL) basis function is put forward. In the analyzing of scattering problems on three-dimensional bodies, TL basis functions' performance is more excellent than SWG basis functions because it describes the current properly. The numerical experiments show that TL basis functions can maintain accuracy with coarser mesh. |
20,257 | Please write an abstract with title: A Received Signal Strength Based Localization Approach for Multiple Target Nodes via Bayesian Compressive Sensing, and key words: Bayes methods, Compressed sensing, Base stations, Sensors, Wireless sensor networks, Energy consumption, Direction-of-arrival estimation. Abstract: In wireless sensor network (WSN), the localization scheme is vital for efficiently utilizing the acquired sensing data from sensor nodes. The received signal strength (RSS) based localization is among one of the most preferable schemes for various applications, due to its ease of implementation without any additional hardware cost. In RSS-based localization scheme, the anchor nodes need to acquire RSS measures of unknown/target nodes and send them to base station where localization of unknown/target node is performed. As the number of unknown/target nodes increases, the control traffic for localization increases, due to RSS measures for each unknown/target node are gathered and send to the base station (BS), which can cause more energy consumption and reduce life time of sensor networks. In this paper, we propose a localization scheme for multiple unknown/target nodes based on Bayesian Compressive Sensing (BCS). The RSS values received from multiple unknown/target nodes are superposed in each anchor node, and further can be constituted as a form of compressed data. In the proposed scheme, each anchor node sends only a compressed RSS measure from multiple unknown/target nodes to the BS and the BS estimates the location of unknown/target nodes using Bayesian Compressive Sensing. The proposed scheme is evaluated through simulation to authenticate its effectiveness in term of accuracy of localization, and reduction of traffic overhead. |
20,258 | Please write an abstract with title: High-resolution x-ray imaging using Rowland-circle Bragg optics, and key words: X-ray imaging, Optical scattering, High-resolution imaging, Energy resolution, Spatial resolution, Optical imaging, Focusing, X-ray scattering, Reflectivity, Optical reflection. Abstract: A new approach to high-resolution imaging of radio-labeled agents based on Rowland circle x-ray optics is presented. Perfect-crystal Bragg optics is widely used in x-ray research due to its high reflectivity and excellent energy resolution. The nature of Bragg reflections directly correlates energy and spatial resolution, therefore yielding good imaging properties. Applied in a one to one focusing Rowland geometry, an array of spherically bent Bragg crystals can provide a large solid angle acceptance required for efficient imaging. The potential advantage over e.g. SPECT is twofold. First, focusing optics provides a 'virtual pinhole' which can effectively be inside the object under investigation and does not suffer from edge effects and scattering. Second, Bragg optics has an energy resolution of a few eV and discriminates against inelastic Compton scattering, a common source for image blurring. Studies using /sup 55/Fe and /sup 95m/Tc phantoms are presented, where a spatial resolution of less than 1 mm and 2 mm was achieved respectively. |
20,259 | Please write an abstract with title: Evaluation of Electric Vehicle Stability Using Fractional PID and Fuzzy PID Based Controllers, and key words: Analytical models, PI control, Conferences, Simulation, Electric vehicles, Stability analysis, Behavioral sciences. Abstract: The vehicle’s yaw rate and body sideslip angle (BSA) are the most critical characteristics for describing the vehicle’s stability performance. A three-degree-of-freedom planar model of the vehicle is used to improve the vehicle’s yaw stability when front steering is used. We take yaw rate feedback as an input and present a yaw rate control system based on a fuzzy PID and a fractional PID controller. The controllers are designed in such a way that they generate the proper yaw rate, ensuring that the vehicle maintains the desired yaw rate values. A simulation is run in the context of a lane maneuver steering angle. The simulation results indicate that when the vehicle is subjected to a change in line of maneuver, the yaw rate of the controlled vehicle remains close to the desired value while the sideslip angle values degrade when the vehicle is subjected to the same cornering maneuver. |
20,260 | Please write an abstract with title: Prediction of Apple Leaf Diseases Using Multiclass Support Vector Machine, and key words: Support vector machines, Industries, Image segmentation, Image recognition, Thresholding (Imaging), Signal processing algorithms, Diseases. Abstract: Every year apple yield has been affected by Black rot and Cedar apple rust. It has a significant effect on both the apple industry and the country's economy. Here, we recommend a system to detect diseases from the infected apple leaves by combining machine learning and image processing principles. This approach can classify both infected and non-infected apple leaves efficiently. The identification is started by preprocessing the image using several image processing techniques, including the Otsu thresholding algorithm and histogram equalization. Using the image segmentation region of the infected part separates, and a Multiclass SVM recognizes the disease type from the original leaf image among 500 images with 96% accuracy. It also demonstrates the percentage of the total infected area of that diseased apple leaf image. |
20,261 | Please write an abstract with title: Input-to-state stability of time-delay Persidskii systems, and key words: Delay effects, Conferences, Stability analysis, Linear matrix inequalities, Feedback control, Nonlinear systems, Numerical stability. Abstract: We consider in this work a class of generalized Persidskii systems with time delays. The input-to-state stability and stabilization conditions for these nonlinear systems are introduced and checked through linear matrix inequalities. A numerical example demonstrates the efficacy of the proposed results. |
20,262 | Please write an abstract with title: Monitoring of wheel dressing operations for precision grinding, and key words: Wheels, Surface topography, Surface finishing, Acoustic sensors, Acoustic emission, Shape, Temperature sensors, Computerized monitoring, Acoustic signal detection, Condition monitoring. Abstract: In grinding operation, on-line process monitoring of dressing will ensure the quality of the grinding wheel and will achieve reproducible surface finish. The results of a study conducted to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of Acoustic Emission (AE) sensors in online monitoring of dressing is reported. Two aspects of the process are addressed. The first is the detection of undesired wheel conditions, such as an out-of-round wheel and wheel contour errors. The other is improving the surface finish of the ground workpiece by monitoring the dressing parameters. Experimental results indicate that AE signal can be effectively used to identify the faults that might occur during dressing. This in turn will result in better surface finish in the machined workpiece. |
20,263 | Please write an abstract with title: Harmonic mitigation for a megawatt grid-tied fuel cell system, and key words: Power harmonic filters, Inverters, Harmonic analysis, Fuel cells, Total harmonic distortion, Active filters, Resonant frequency. Abstract: This research deals with the design of an LCL filter for a grid tied megawatt fuel cell stack. In the adopted configuration, the LCL filter links a three-level neutral clamped point inverter with the grid. A typical inverter is a source of harmonics as in general its output is not a pure sinewave. Standards such each IEEE 519 and IEC 61000-3-6 define the allowable harmonics distortion for both the current and the voltage in a power system based on the current level and the voltage level respectively. This paper aims to design an LCL filter to reduce harmonics produced by a three-level inverter serving as interface between a fuel cell stack and a grid and meet the abovementioned standards. The input of the grid tied inverter is connected to a 1.4 MW solid oxide fuel cell stack at 1400 V. The inverter is modelled and controlled to deliver 1.2 MW at 600 V between phases. To evaluate the performance of the designed filter, the system including the 1.4 MW fuel cell stack, the inverter, the LCL filter, a grid and a load is simulated using Matlab/Simulink environment. The results show that the designed filter reduces the total harmonics distortion to 0.46 % and 24.87 % for the voltage and the current, respectively. |
20,264 | Please write an abstract with title: A sliding-window approach to analyze the accuracy of timed DESs, and key words: Conferences, Petri nets, Discrete-event systems, Manufacturing automation. Abstract: Nowadays, it is crucial to explicitly represent time in Discrete Event Systems (DESs). The behaviour of a DES is characterized by the set of event sequences it generates, its language. In many applications it is of interest to evaluate how much accurate is a DES model with respect to a set of observed sequences. However, in a timed context, the language of the system is unbounded, making difficult to define and evaluate an accuracy indicator. To overcome this difficulty, in this preliminary work the accuracy of a Time Petri net model with respect to a set of sequences is formulated using a sliding finite-time window mechanism. |
20,265 | Please write an abstract with title: A comparative performance evaluation of RSS-based positioning algorithms used in WLAN networks, and key words: Intelligent networks, Wireless LAN, Delay, Global Positioning System, Application software, Costs, Base stations, Quality of service, Band pass filters, Target tracking. Abstract: The wireless local area network (WLAN) has been an emerging technology in the residential and enterprise market by providing high data rates at low cost. Future trends in the WLAN industry are targeted towards new applications with higher data rates, wider coverage, and increased QoS requirements. A user tracking system based on the WLAN infrastructure is a new service that helps network operators to monitor different aspects of their networks in addition to providing location aware services to their customers. We provide an overview of traditional location sensing algorithms and compare their performance with the new distance variance (DV) algorithm. These algorithms use the existing IEEE 802.11 infrastructure to locate a terminal. The newly introduced DV algorithm uses indoor radio propagation models to reduce the complexity of the calibration process used in conventional algorithms. The performances of the existing and new algorithm are compared using Monte Carlo simulations based on IEEE 802.11 channel models. |
20,266 | Please write an abstract with title: BEM calculation for magnetic shielding with steel sheets, and key words: Magnetic shielding, Steel, Magnetic flux, Magnetization, Boundary element methods, Nuclear magnetic resonance, Permeability, Focusing, Vectors, Coils. Abstract: The Boundary Element Method (BEM) is adapted to the solution of two-dimensional and axisymmetrical nonlinear shielding problems. The high vector-field accuracy attainable permits studies of extremely uniform nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) fields to be made as well as less demanding shielding calculations. A technique is described in which nonlinearities are replaced by virtual sources in an explicit iteration scheme. All unknowns are on boundaries only and matrix size is not increased due to interior nonlinearities. An example is given. Suggestions for efficiency improvements are made. |
20,267 | Please write an abstract with title: An attitude based cooperative negotiation model, and key words: Fires, Proposals, Multiagent systems, Counting circuits, Collaboration, Decision making, Position measurement, Hybrid intelligent systems. Abstract: In multiagent setting agent teams often encounter conflicts in agents' plans and actions. This paper presents a cooperative negotiation model (ABCON) that allows agents in a team to appropriately negotiate various options in a hostile and dynamic fire world. It shows that negotiations explore the attitudes and behaviors that help agents to manage conflict constructively. It says that cooperative negotiation is guided by the agents' dynamic assessment of alternative actions given the different scenario conditions. |
20,268 | Please write an abstract with title: On an approximate subspace method for eigenfilter computation, and key words: Autocorrelation, Covariance matrix, Frequency, Power harmonic filters, Additive white noise, Finite impulse response filter, Signal processing algorithms, Entropy, Spectral analysis, Polynomials. Abstract: A method has been proposed for estimating the frequencies of sinusoids in additive white Gaussian noise. The method is an approximation to Kumaresan's "improved Pisarenko" method, which can be thought of as the computation of an FIR notch filter with zeros at the signal frequencies. The new algorithm consists of subtracting a small ε from the |
20,269 | Please write an abstract with title: An Evolutionary Game for Mobile User Access Mode Selection in Sub-6 GHz/mmWave Cellular Networks, and key words: Cellular networks, Signal to noise ratio, Interference, Heuristic algorithms, Games, Wireless networks, Throughput. Abstract: By utilizing the combination of two powerful tools i.e., stochastic geometry (SG) and evolutionary game theory (EGT), in this paper, we study the problem of mobile user (MU) mode selection in heterogeneous sub-6 GHz/millimeter wave (mmWave) cellular networks. Particularly, by using SG tools, we first propose an analytical framework to assess the performance of the considered networks in terms of average signal-to-interference-plus-noise (SINR) ratio, average rate, and mobility-induced time overhead, for scenarios with user mobility. According to the SG-based framework, an EGT-based approach is presented to solve the problem of access mode selection. Specifically, two EGT-based models are considered, where for each MU its utility function depends on the average SINR and the average rate, respectively, while the time overhead is considered as a penalty term. A distributed algorithm is proposed to reach the evolutionary equilibrium, where the existence and stability of the equilibrium is theoretically analyzed and proved. Moreover, we extend the formulation by considering information delay exchange and evaluate its impact on the convergence of the proposed algorithm. Our results reveal that the proposed technique can offer better spectral efficiency and connectivity in heterogeneous sub-6 GHz/mmWave cellular networks with mobility, compared with the conventional access mode selection techniques. |
20,270 | Please write an abstract with title: MARL-Based Cooperative Multi-AGV Control in Warehouse Systems, and key words: Reinforcement learning, Layout, Path planning, Real-time systems, Productivity, Decision making, Convergence. Abstract: Automated guided vehicles (AGVs) are essential components for the automation of fulfillment centers, a type of warehouse, where goods are stored on shelves and carried by AGVs. To increase the productivity in inventory management, a well-organized cooperative path control is required to transport goods to the designated picking stations. In this paper, we propose a QMIX-based scheme for the cooperative path control of multiple AGVs. Although QMIX is the one of popular cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning algorithms, we find that QMIX alone was not enough to increase productivity in warehouse systems. So, we develop two novel techniques that can be used with QMIX: 1) sequential action masking that eliminates all the collision cases and 2) additional local loss that improves collaboration of individual AGVs. They help to encourage the AGVs to cooperate more for high productivity. By extensive simulations, we present the superiority of the proposed scheme on several layouts in fulfillment centers. The effect of cooperation among AGVs in the proposed scheme is verified through the comparison study with the existing algorithms. Additionally, we show the generalization performance by investigating the reusability of the model trained with the proposed scheme. |
20,271 | Please write an abstract with title: Discrete optical solitons in waveguide arrays and photonic lattices, and key words: Optical waveguides, Optical arrays, Optical solitons, Lattices, Nonlinear optics, Optical vortices, Biomedical optical imaging, Decision support systems, Optical coupling, Microcavities. Abstract: Optical discrete solitons and their various types such as in-phase, staggered or gap, twisted, vortex will be studied in the paper. Discrete solitons in two-dimensional nonlinear waveguide array networks are also discussed. |
20,272 | Please write an abstract with title: Tunable Photonic Microwave Filter based on Two Parallel Fabry-Perot Filters, and key words: Microwave filters, Fabry-Perot, Optical filters, Optical fiber filters, Optical modulation, Band pass filters, Microwave devices, Bandwidth, Filtering, RF signals. Abstract: A new continuously tunable photonic microwave filter based on two parallel Fabry-Perot filters is proposed and experimentally demonstrated in the 40 GHz band. The filter can be tuned over an ultra-broad bandwidth and provides a quite high Q factor. The architecture is based on commercial devices and allows the practical filtering of radiofrequency signals adding just two Fabry-Perot filters and two combiners to the radio-over-fiber link. In addition the proposed scheme avoids the carrier suppression effect since one of the sidebands is eliminated. |
20,273 | Please write an abstract with title: IPv6 addressing architecture support for ad hoc networks, and key words: Ad hoc networks, Mobile communication, Cellular networks, IP networks, Wireless LAN, Telecommunication traffic, Routing, Connectors, Wireless communication, Wireless networks. Abstract: Next generation mobile communication systems would comprise both WLAN technologies based on cellular like infrastructures and ad hoc networks. Such hybrid networks benefit of an extension of the cellular infrastructure coverage using ad hoc connectivity while offering a global Internet connectivity to ad hoc nodes. In this paper, we present ana6, a new IPv6 addressing architecture in order to be able to support "pure" spontaneous ad hoc networks but also to allow seamless integration between wireless LANs and ad hoc networks. Our approach is based on the concept of node identifiers that is crucial in ad hoc networks. We introduce the ad hoc connector that virtualizes several ad hoc network interfaces into a single addressable object and we present its implementation in IPv6. Moreover, we present some benefits of our architecture when dealing with hybrid networks. |
20,274 | Please write an abstract with title: Generalized Nets Representing C - based Programming Constructs, and key words: Computer languages, Computational modeling, Programming, Software, Power electronics, Integrated circuit modeling, Information technology. Abstract: The paper presents generalized nets, which model control structures in C and its derivative programming languages. An approach for generating generalized nets for functions with multiple control operators is also proposed. All models are implemented through a Windows application; this process continues works on software for generalized nets. The approach is useful in applications with generalized nets as a tool for modeling power electronic devices and systems; in this way it is possible both power circuits and controllers to be described by a single tool. |
20,275 | Please write an abstract with title: Near-field of a scanning aperture microwave probe: a 3-D finite element analysis, and key words: Apertures, Probes, Finite element methods, Resonance, Electromagnetic waveguides, Maxwell equations, Shape, Rectangular waveguides, Collimators, Analytical models. Abstract: We calculate the field distribution in the near-field zone of a scanning aperture microwave probe using the ANSOFT/HFSS full three-dimensional (3-D) finite element software. The probe is a narrow resonant slot in the endwall of a rectangular metallic waveguide. We find a sharp collimation of the electric field outside the slot and a strong increase of the electric field magnitude at the aperture plane. We compare numerical results to the two-dimensional-quasistatic model which assumes a narrow and infinitely long slot in a conducting screen. This model satisfactorily describes spatial characteristics of the field distribution only at the distances less than the slot width (proximity zone), while to find the field in the whole near-field zone, full 3-D wave analysis is required. |
20,276 | Please write an abstract with title: Online parameter estimation of adaptive cruise control models with delays and lags, and key words: Delays, Noise measurement, Data models, Mathematical model, Actuators, Space vehicles, Trajectory. Abstract: In this work we consider online parameter estimation of adaptive cruise control (ACC) equipped vehicles which may contain time delays (e.g., sensor delays) and lags (e.g., actuator lag). We extend a recursive least squares (RLS) method and apply it to calibrate models with various magnitudes of delay and lag, and study the performance of the method when measurement noise is present. We show that RLS can be applied to exactly recover model parameters given noise-free measurement data. In addition, the RLS estimator performs well under typical sensor noises associated with onboard sensors such as GPS and radars. The method is tested on data from a 2019 ACC-equipped vehicle, and the results show that the overall quality of fit via RLS is comparable to a commonly used batch optimization method (4% and 0.8% mean absolute error on the space gap and the velocity profiles, respectively). RLS is shown to run two orders of magnitude faster than the batch optimization method. |
20,277 | Please write an abstract with title: Molecular alignment effects on high harmonic generation in N/sub 2/ in a hollow core waveguide, and key words: Frequency conversion, Power harmonic filters, Optical pulse generation, Polarization, Optical pulses, Pulse amplifiers, Optical harmonic generation, Optical waveguides, Waveguide lasers, Probes. Abstract: Nitrogen molecules in a capillary waveguide are transiently aligned using intense laser pulses. Significant variations in the HHG yield are observed as the molecular axis direction is varied with respect to the polarization an intense probe laser. |
20,278 | Please write an abstract with title: A generalized method of active RC network synthesis, and key words: Network synthesis, Filtering theory, Resistors, RLC circuits, Frequency synthesizers, Gyrators, Integrated circuit synthesis, Operational amplifiers, Transfer functions, Poles and zeros. Abstract: A completely general active RC network synthesis technique using a grounded gyrator and a summing amplifier is described. The technique overcomes serious limitations of previous RC-gyrator realizations and offers advantages over other general active RC synthesis methods. The technique is well suited for construction using thin-film RC networks and integrated circuit operational amplifiers, and provides a configuration which is quite Insensitive to element variations. |
20,279 | Please write an abstract with title: IoS-OSA: Open System Architecture for Internet of Services, and key words: Solid modeling, Biological system modeling, Ecosystems, Open systems, Internet, Service-oriented architecture, Internet of Things. Abstract: Many cross-domain and cross-region services and applications have flooded the Internet, such as API services, IoT services, etc. These services are interconnected and form a new service ecosystem, the Internet of Services (IoS). Through IoS, service providers have a broader platform to deliver their services to users. Users can ask for a composite service solution without finding multiple suitable services themselves. However, IoS requires a standard modeling language and methodology to provide developers with a unified understanding of IoS. This modeling methodology should guide developers through the IoS modeling task. Therefore, we propose an Open System Architecture for the Internet of Services (IoS-OSA). We divide IoS into a three-dimensional cube according to layers, views, and lifecycle dimensions, with 64 different views. It integrates the existing scattered work of IoS into a unified framework and introduces the content description and the recommended modeling specification of each view. Finally, we propose the corresponding modeling methods for several key views in IoS-OSA such as service ecosystem, value/quality/capability (VQC) of IoS, etc., which improve the overall architecture of IoS. |
20,280 | Please write an abstract with title: Wireless power transfer system with ultra-thin aluminum foil, and key words: Couplings, Industrial electronics, LED lamps, Shape, Aluminum, Capacitors, Wireless power transfer. Abstract: This paper proposes a special capacitive wireless power transfer (CPT) system with the aluminum foil-based coupling coupler. The aluminum foil is much thinner and lighter than the general metal plates. What's more, it is flexible, cheap, and convenient. Compared with the general coupling capacitor, which is consisted of metal plates, the thickness of aluminum foil coupling capacitor is much thinner. The shape of aluminum foil could be easily built and changed according to the application requirements. This CPT system could be used for the flexible Organic Light-Emitting Diode (OLED) based electronic products. An experimental CPT system is built to demonstrate the theoretical analysis. The experimental results show that the proposed CPT system could work with the air dielectric. The stable load voltage could be achieved, and the 5 W LED lamp is lighted by the proposed CPT system. As a result, the power could be wirelessly transferred by the aluminum foil-based coupling coupler. The theory and design of proposed CPT system are verified by the experimental results. This paper provides opportunities on design and manufacture of CPT system that can solve challenging technological problems for future electronic device applications. |
20,281 | Please write an abstract with title: An occlusion capable optical see-through head mount display for supporting co-located collaboration, and key words: Collaboration, Three dimensional displays, Layout, Augmented reality, Humans, Laboratories, Face, Liquid crystal displays, Optical design, Collaborative work. Abstract: An ideal augmented reality (AR) display for multi-user co-located collaboration should have following three features: 1) any virtual object should be able to be shown at any arbitrary position, e.g. a user can see a virtual object in front of other users' faces. 2) Correct occlusion of virtual and real objects should be supported. 3) The real world should be naturally and clearly visible, which is important for face-to-face conversation. We have been developing an optical see-through display, ELMO (Enhanced see-through display using an LCD panel for Mutual Occlusion), that satisfies these three requirements. While previous prototype systems were not practical due to their size and weight, we have come up with an improved optics design which has reduced size and is lightweight enough to wear. In this paper, the characteristics of typical multi-user three-dimensional displays are summarized and the design details of the latest optics are then described. Finally, a collaborative AR application employing the new display and its user experience are explained. |
20,282 | Please write an abstract with title: Dynamic Span Selection for Mandarin Articles Using Contextual Relations and Orthography, and key words: Correlation, Filtering, Customer relationship management, Production, Writing, Natural language processing, Hybrid power systems. Abstract: Span selection is an important prerequisite for many natural language processing tasks. Existing methods usually generate phrase-like spans from entire articles without leveraging the topics or the key points within each paragraph that usually lie behind sentence generation during the writing processes. This study looks at multi-sentence span selection for generating multiple, independent, key-point spans with complete endings for news articles. The proposed span selection model consists of a context relation model and an end span model that merge context-related sentences within a span. The context relation model captures the topics shared between sentences, and the end span model utilizes the embeddings of Zhuyin, the orthography of Mandarin, and the cross attention between words and Zhuyin to effectively capture the end positions of the spans. To evaluate the proposed framework, we construct a news report dataset in Mandarin. Experimental results show that the proposed model not only improves performance, but is also better than previous approaches and close to human span production. The proposed Zhuyin embeddings and cross-attention also improve on BERT’s end sentence detection performance in Mandarin. |
20,283 | Please write an abstract with title: Real-time separation of perfusion and oxygenation signals for an implantable sensor using adaptive filtering, and key words: Adaptive filters, Filtering algorithms, In vivo, Monte Carlo methods, Adaptive algorithm, In vitro, System testing, Blood flow, Failure analysis, Algorithm design and analysis. Abstract: In this paper, an adaptive filtering algorithm to separate signals due to perfusion and oxygenation has been developed using an 810-nm source, in addition to 660-nm and 940-nm sources, as an internal reference due to its limited oxygen sensitivity. The newly developed algorithm was tested using Monte Carlo simulated data to prove the effectiveness of the 810-nm reference and adaptive algorithm. Following the simulation, an in vitro model was developed to test the algorithm that used a blood flow through system wrapped with tissue. The system had the ability to isolate the effects of perfusion and oxygenation and the algorithm accurately captured the changes in these signals with reliable consistency. Using the serosal surface of the swine jejunum, in vivo data was also taken to analyze the algorithms response to fluctuating perfusion levels like that seen in hemorrhaging or failing transplants. The algorithm was able to extract the perfusion information from the oxygenation information in this in vivo study. Overall, it was shown that an adaptive filtering algorithm using an 810-nm reference has provided a means to separate oxygenation and perfusion. |
20,284 | Please write an abstract with title: New families of binary sequences with low correlation, and key words: Binary sequences, Gold, Autocorrelation, Information theory, Computer science. Abstract: For a positive integer, n, new families, S and U, of binary sequences of period 2/sup n/-1 with low correlations are proposed, where for some positive integer, e, S is defined for odd n/e and U for even n/e. The family S has four-valued correlations and is a generalization of the family of Gold-like sequences introduced by S. Boztas and P.V. Kumar (see ibid., vol.40, p.532-7, 1994). The family U, which is also a generalization of the sequence family defined by P. Udaya ("Polyphase and frequency hopping sequences obtained from finite rings", Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. Elec. Eng., Indian Inst. Technol., Kanpur, 1992), has six-valued correlations. The relationship between Gold-like sequences and Gold sequences is the same as the relationship between the family S and the family constructed from the binary sequences partially contributed by R. Gold (see ibid., vol.IT-14, p.154-6, 1968), T. Kasami (see Coordinated Sci. Lab., Univ. of Illinois,Urbana-Champaign, Tech. Rep. R-285, AD 632574, 1966), and Welch. Using a lifting idea (No, J.-S. and Kumar, P.V., ibid., vol.35, p.371-9, 1989) for the families S and U, families of binary sequences with the same correlation distributions and large linear span are also constructed. |
20,285 | Please write an abstract with title: Toward a Fully Integrated Multiphysics Simulation Framework for Fusion Blanket Design, and key words: Solid modeling, Heat transfer, Hydraulic systems, Analytical models, Object oriented modeling, Thermal analysis, Computational modeling. Abstract: Fusion is an attractive clean-energy solution, thanks to its various advantages, such as reduced radioactivity, little high-level nuclear waste, ample fuel supplies, and increased safety. However, the harsh operating environment introduced by a complex fusion plasma system makes design and integration of fusion blankets incredibly challenging and time-consuming. This work focuses on developing a fully integrated multiphysics simulation framework based on an advanced open-source platform—the Multiphysics Object-Oriented Simulation Environment (MOOSE)—to alleviate the difficulties in fusion blanket design and integration. MOOSE is a massively parallel finite element/volume multiphysics simulation platform that has been widely adopted within the nuclear fission community. Even though fission and fusion are fundamentally different, they involve similar multiphysics phenomena. A fully integrated open-source multiphysics simulation framework tailored for the fusion blanket design will be implemented by leveraging the well-established multiphysics capabilities in MOOSE. Once successfully developed, this fully integrated framework will rapidly evaluate a blanket design concept and offer insights for subsequent iterations. As the first step, we will mainly aim to integrate neutronics analysis, system thermal hydraulics simulation, and full 3-D heat transfer calculations. The efficacy of the integrated framework will be verified using an innovative solid ceramic blanket design. While the project’s final goal is to enable a fully integrated multiphysics simulation platform for various fusion blanket concepts, this work, as a preliminary step, will mainly focus on a solid ceramic breeder helium-cooled blanket. |
20,286 | Please write an abstract with title: 3-Level Residual Capsule Network for Complex Datasets, and key words: Feature extraction, Computer architecture, Routing, Convolutional neural networks, Biological neural networks, Training, Machine learning. Abstract: The Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) have shown a substantial improvement in the field of Machine Learning. But they do come with their own set of drawbacks. Capsule Networks have addressed the limitations of CNNs and have shown a great improvement by calculating the pose and transformation of the image. Deeper networks are more powerful than shallow networks but at the same time, more difficult to train. Residual Networks ease the training and have shown evidence that they can give good accuracy with considerable depth. Residual Capsule Network [15] has put the Residual Network and Capsule Network together. Though it did well on simple dataset such as MNIST, the architecture can be improved to do better on complex datasets like CIFAR-10. This brings us to the idea of 3-Level Residual Capsule which not only decreases the number of parameters when compared to the seven-ensemble model, but also performs better on complex datasets when compared to Residual Capsule Network. |
20,287 | Please write an abstract with title: Towards the Smallest Anisotropic Structures by Ultrafast Laser Writing in Silica Glass, and key words: Lasers, Glass, Silicon compounds, Writing, Ultrafast optics, Scanning electron microscopy, Nanostructures. Abstract: A localized nanoplane modification was created in silica glass with a few femtosecond laser pulses. Fast writing of anisotropic structures and high-density data storage can be achieved. |
20,288 | Please write an abstract with title: Verification and implementation of delay-insensitive processes in restrictive environments, and key words: Delay, Wires, Signal synthesis, Signal processing, Very large scale integration, Performance analysis, Timing, Logic, Supervisory control, Discrete event systems. Abstract: A delay-insensitive module communicates with its environment through wires of unbounded delay. The environment may only need to interact with the module in a restricted way. it is worthwhile taking this into account when synthesising the module because it may allow for a cheaper, faster implementation. Formally, we introduce an operator to DI-algebra which weakens the specification of a module by taking its environment into account. Moreover, the concept of restriction has been built into our translation tool, di2pn (to help in synthesis) and our analysis tool, diana (to perform equivalence and refinement checking). |
20,289 | Please write an abstract with title: Adaptive Pilot Allocation for Estimating Sparse Uplink MU-MIMO-OFDM Channels, and key words: Antennas, Resource management, OFDM, Antenna measurements, Channel estimation, Wireless communication, Symbols. Abstract: We consider uplink multiuser multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) communication. The transmit (Tx) side of the envisaged system consists of several single-antenna users or/and several multiple-antenna users. At the receive side, a multiple-antenna access point employs compressive sensing techniques to estimate the channel impulse response from the preamble portion of the observed packets. The traditional approach is that of orthogonal pilot allocation: during a short training period, each OFDM subcarrier is assigned exclusively to a single Tx antenna. In this case, the channel state information can conveniently be acquired on a per Tx antenna basis. To the best of our knowledge, all related research imposes that all Tx antennas are allocated the same amount of pilots (which must then be tailored for the most extreme channel conditions). However, in the considered system, Tx antennas may experience totally different channel conditions. Under these circumstances, the use of a fixed number of pilots per Tx antenna results in a lot of unnecessary overhead. To tackle this problem, our work addresses the design of efficient algorithms for adaptive orthogonal pilot allocation. The following design principles are applied: orthogonal pilot allocation, constant-modulus modulation, minimum measurement matrix mutual coherence optimization, and the condition that the number of pilot subcarriers allocated to each Tx antenna is adjusted to the channel conditions experienced by that Tx antenna. The paper tackles the problem of determining the optimal number of pilot subcarriers as well as the optimal positions of the pilots. To facilitate adaptive operation, we propose a reduced-complexity method to determine the optimal pilot positions. The performance of our algorithms is demonstrated by means of computer simulations, using both theoretical channel models and results from our own channel measurement campaign. |
20,290 | Please write an abstract with title: A Monopolar Symmetrical Hybrid Cascaded DC/DC Converter for HVDC Interconnections, and key words: Topology, HVDC transmission, Power transformer insulation, Capacitors, Insulated gate bipolar transistors, Inductors, Switches. Abstract: With the rapid development of voltage source converter-based high-voltage direct current (HVdc) transmission, it is an irresistible trend that HVdc grid will come into being. High-voltage and high-power dc/dc converters will serve as dc transformers in HVdc grid to interconnect dc lines with different voltage ratings. This article proposes a monopolar symmetrical dc/dc converter which is composed of cascaded half-bridge submodules and series-connected insulated-gate bipolar transistors. This hybrid topology features low capital costs, high efficiency, small footprint, and bidirectional power transfer capability. Operation principle, parameter design, and the control strategies of this topology are introduced. A 480-MW, ±500 kV/±160 kV monopolar symmetrical dc/dc converter is simulated to verify its performance and evaluate the efficiency. In addition, a downscaled prototype rated at 2.4 kW, ±300 V/±100 V has been built and tested. Experimental results further validate the effectiveness of the proposed dc/dc converter. |
20,291 | Please write an abstract with title: 2003 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology (IEEE Cat. No.03TH8685), and key words: Neural networks, Learning systems, Integrated circuit fabrication, Fuzzy logic, Mechatronics, Mobile robots, Variable structure systems, Robustness, Adaptive control, Flexible manufacturing systems, Power electronics, Induction motors, Nonlinear systems, Motion control, Industrial control, Reactive power control, Road vehicle electric propulsion, Data compression, Image coding, SPICE, Computer networks, Power conversion, Manufacturing automation software. Abstract: The following topics are dealt with: neural networks; learning; haptics; RFID; wireless sensing; embedded system; integrated circuit technology; fuzzy logic; artificial intelligence; evolutionary computing; sensoring, inspection and detection; mechatronic control algorithms; mechatronic devices; intelligent system; mobile robots; signal processing estimation; signal processing analysis; sliding mode control; robust control; adaptive control; signal processing measurement; signal processing identification; flexible manufacturing system; computer networks applications; industrial applications; power electronics; motor drives control; induction motor control; nonlinear control; PWM; teleoperation; medical robotics; SPICE; multitechnological systems; advanced motion control; chaotic dynamics; process automation; image compression; image analysis; automatic guided vehicle; industrial telecommunication; industrial automation; industrial control; distributed management in industry; active power factor correction; electric vehicle; alternative electric energy; and power conversion technologies. |
20,292 | Please write an abstract with title: Development of Robotic IV Pole moving side by side with Human : - First report: Design of the first prototype and forward moving experiment -, and key words: Legged locomotion, Laser radar, Turning, Distance measurement, Collision avoidance, Robots, Gravity. Abstract: This study develops the robotic IV pole and proposed forward moving scheme aiming to reduce the risk of falling. The risk of falling caused by pushing conventional IV pole while walking can be reduced by having the IV pole autonomously move side by side with user (user does not touch IV pole.). The Robotic IV pole is composed of omni-wheel, Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR), Raspberry Pi, and Arduino Due. The proposed method that user's center of gravity can be obtained by LiDAR being attached to the lower center of the robot base of the IV pole, detects both feet of the user, and each center of gravity positions of both feet is estimated. Then, the user's center of gravity is estimated by using the estimated center of gravity positions of both feet. By controlling the robotic IV pole's motion so as that the estimated user's center of gravity and the position of IV pole be the same in forward direction, the robotic IV pole can autonomously move with the user. By conducting experiment, it is confirmed whether the proposed algorithm can automatically move side by side with user, and how range of walking speed is acceptable. As a result, the IV pole was able to automatically moves with the user at walking speed of about 0.3 m/s to 0.8 m/s. |
20,293 | Please write an abstract with title: The New-Word Policy for Two-Way Feedback Communication, and key words: Feedback communications, Hysteresis, Circuits, Clocks, Operational amplifiers, Threshold voltage, Nearest neighbor searches, Resistors, Quantum computing, Resists. Abstract: A feedback policy, denoted the "new-word policy," is described that permits reduction in the required number of repeats compared to the method commonly proposed. An expression is derived comparing the average number of transmissions required per new word. |
20,294 | Please write an abstract with title: Cloud Motion Vector System to Detect Clouds and Forecast Real-time Photovoltaic System Performance, and key words: Photovoltaic systems, Cloud computing, Voltage fluctuations, Fluctuations, Weather forecasting, Streaming media, Prediction algorithms. Abstract: Improving PV power production forecast capabilities is critical to cost-effectively integrate more solar into electric transmission and distribution systems. Varying weather patterns such as a cloud rolling over a PV array is the main cause of voltage fluctuation and flicker. To solve this problem, we propose an intelligent low-cost Cloud Motion Vector Sensor (CMVS) system design that utilizes an array of ambient light sensors and a real-time prediction algorithm based upon gradient matrix and peak detection methods. The algorithm will compute the cloud direction and cloud speed. Based on these cloud motion parameters, the system will be capable of detecting a moving cloud and predict its time-of-arrival at the PV site, as well as forecasting PV power output. When the forecast falls below a certain level, a signal at the output is triggered to instantaneously turn on the constant backup power supply until the optimal operation is restored. CMVS system will prevent voltage fluctuations and cloud-induced power transients in the power distribution network as well as potentially helping grid operators better understand and mitigate the effects of PV power variability on grid planning and operations. We include the video of this project with this report. |
20,295 | Please write an abstract with title: Optimization of the parallel semi-Lagrangian scheme in the YHGSM based on the adaptive maximum wind speed, and key words: Adaptation models, Solid modeling, Program processors, Wind speed, Computational modeling, Data structures, Trajectory. Abstract: The Yin-He global spectral model (YHGSM), embodies a parallel semi-Lagrangian solver and has two schemes implemented: maximum wind speed scheme and on-demand communication scheme. Maximum wind speed communication adopts a single and fixed data structure, which has a large communication overhead. Although the overhead of on-demand communication is reduced, it is still pretty huge. In this paper, a novel adaptable approach is proposed in which a monthly maximum wind speed is used in the YHGSM. This approach reduces the difference between the actual wind speed and the maximum wind speed used in the model; in turn, the communication overhead in the trajectory computation is further reduced. Experiments show that in the maximum wind speed scheme and on-demand schemes, the communication overheads with the adaptive maximum wind speed are significantly reduced. In addition, in a ten-day forecast with the on-demand communication scheme, the total overhead for the semi-Lagrangian computing and the total parallel execution time are also both reduced, and the reduction ratio increases as the number of nodes increases. |
20,296 | Please write an abstract with title: Assessing Enterprise Resource Planning Systems Implementation Challenges in Namibian Industries: A Survey, and key words: Industries, Databases, Face recognition, Logic gates, Enterprise resource planning, Internet, Time factors. Abstract: Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) implementation has garnered wide spread recognition amongst ERP researchers in recent times, yet the question that arises is that, is this process an illusion or reality? More so, not many research papers if any are written based on ERP implementation in Namibia. This is because ERP implementation is still in its infancy stage despite it having played a big role in technology evolution. ERP implementation is a cycle that consists of various activities that are conducted over different phases of implementation. The main focus will be directed towards the challenges that many industries face during implementation in a small country like Namibia where arguably technology still lacks and some people do not value its existence. Thus, it is important to address these challenges such that ERP implementation does not become burdensome to the selected organisations. Therefore, the study Assessing Enterprise Resource Planning Challenges in Namibian Industries: A review, was carried out. The purpose of the study was to review the challenges that are faced in the implementation of ERP systems. The study reviewed a sample of 37 different papers from IEEE, Emerald, Scopus, science direct, research gate, Elsevier and google scholar, Taylor and Francis to obtain data using a qualitative research approach. These databases were selected because they provide good research sources from reputable researchers. The other reason for this selection is that the researchers could view all available databases due to time constraints. This data was analyzed using the thematic data analysis. The output of this research is significant as it clearly outlines the different challenges that are normally experienced when implementing ERP systems in different industries. The study also yielded a positive result because, the challenges that these industries face were highlighted. |
20,297 | Please write an abstract with title: Stability Analysis of Continuous Hopfield Neural Networks with Delay, and key words: Stability analysis, Hopfield neural networks, Asymptotic stability, Neural networks, Sufficient conditions, Recurrent neural networks, Delay effects, Computer science, Differential equations, Electronic mail. Abstract: In this paper, by constructing a new Lyapunov functional, problem of the global asymptotic stability is discussed for the continuous Hopfield neural networks with delays. A simple and new sufficient condition is obtained ensuring existence, uniqueness of the equilibrium point and its global asymptotic stability of the neural networks. This condition can be used to design globally asymptotic stable networks and thus have important significance in both theory and applications. |
20,298 | Please write an abstract with title: Nested Equivalence Source Approximation for Realistic Multiscale Simulations: From Low to Mixed-form Frequency, and key words: Atmospheric modeling, Computational modeling, Method of moments, Matrix decomposition, Antennas, Wideband, Aircraft. Abstract: In this paper, we will have a plenty review of our recently proposed nested equivalence source approximation (NESA) for realistic multiscale simulations. In the low frequency region, a standard NESA is employed directly with linear complexity, for the high frequency region, a directional NESA with fixed number of equivalence sources are introduced to obtain the O(N log N) complexity, N is the number of unknowns. To future enhance the computation performance of NESA for mixed-frequency problems, a mixed-form NESA is introduced. The proposed NESA is kernel independent, low frequency stable, and easy to be coded with existing method of moments (MoM). Numerical results demonstrate the validity of the proposed method. |
20,299 | Please write an abstract with title: Improving Mobile Network Performance with Mobile Edge Computing, and key words: Servers, Cloud computing, Computational modeling, Smart devices, Solid modeling, Time factors, Computer architecture. Abstract: Most cloud-based applications utilize a cloud server to handle data produced by various terminal devices, including smart devices and wearable devices. The above model has big negative effect on user experience. Furthermore, the emergence of some new computing applications, including automatic drive and virtual reality, has become possible because of availability of abundant cloud resources. Nonetheless, the delay-sensitive applications have strict response time requirements. The existing computing model does not have capability to meet the above demand. Based on the above phenomenon, Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) has been suggested to bring cloud resources, such as computation and storage resources, to the edge network. Now, MEC is considered as a good method to reduce the workload on the cloud server and to reduce response time for mobile users. In this paper, the definition of the MEC is presented. Then, we discuss several typical applications of MEC. Also, we describe some key research challenges in MEC scenario. In the end, we highlight the critical points and conclude this paper. |
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